Mapping patterns of s high seas and their po climate chan species

Mapping patterns of s high seas and their po climate chan species

Mapping patterns of species
s
richness in the
high seas and their pootential changes under
climate chan
nge scenarios
William W.. L. Cheung
Sea Aroundd Us Project
Fisheriees Centre
The University off British Columbia
wwlcheung@
@gmail.com
Co-authors and contributors
and
V. Karpouzi
C. Day
J. Alder
R. Watson
D. Pauly
V. Lam
K. Kaschner
Objecctives
• Predicting global pattern off high seas biodiversity;
• Projecting
j
g the impact
p
on cliimate change
g on biodiversity
y
in the high seas.
Approach: combining globaal species distribution maps
Based on predicted distrib
bution maps/known polygons
Rep
ptiles
Fish
Inverts.
Mammals
High
h seas
spp. riichness
Seabirds
Predicting speciies distributions
• Current (1980-2000) distributiional ranges of over 1,200
species of marine fishes and innvertebrates are predicted from:
Attributes:
• Depth
p limits;;
Relative
abundancee
0
0
• Latitudinal limits;
Low
>
>
>
• Associated habitats;
>
>
>
• Known range
boundary.
>
>
High
>
Small yellow croaker
Close, Cheung, Hodgson, Lam, Watson, Pauly (2
2006) Fisheries Centre Research Report 14(4)
Species richness of explooited marine fishes and
invertebrates in
n the high seas
• Including species-level distribution maps
m
only (1,066 spp.)
Distribution
n of habitats
Seamounts & cold-wateer corals in the high seas
Cold-water corals: based on Freiwald et al. (20004)
Seamount: estimated by Kitchingman and Lai (2004)
(
Species richness of
o marine reptiles
• Based on known occurrence range boundary/polygon
b
(8 spp.)
Cheung, Alder, Karpouzi, Watson, Lam, Day, Kaschner,
K
Pauly (2005)
Patterns of species richness in the high seas. CBD,
C
Montreal, Tech. Ser. 20.
Species richness off marine mammals
•Contributed by K. Kaschner (100 spp.))
(Kaschner et al. 2006 MEPS 316: 285-31
10)
Species richness of
o pelagic seabirds
• Representing ‘foraging distribution’ (115
(
spp.);
• Contributed by V. Karpouzi
(Karpouzi et al. 2007 MEPS 343: 87-99))
Species richness of non-fish vertebrates
Highlighted areas of high species richness
• Small shelf areas in the high seeas of the NE & NW Atlantic
and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge;
• Sub-tropical areas in the south
hern hemisphere and Pacific;
• High seas areas adjacent to isla
ands in the Southern Ocean.
Objecctives
• Predicting global pattern off high seas biodiversity;
• Projecting
j
g the impact
p
on cliimate change
g on biodiversity
y
in the high seas.
Hypothesis of climate ch
hange impacts on marine
biodiversity and
a fisheries
Climate-shifted
distribution
Latitude
In
nvasion
Local
n
extinction
Original
distribution
Depth
Climate change-disttribution prediction
Current species
distribution
Global climate
change projections
•Relative abundance by:
• Temperature
• Depth
D th li
limits
it
• Habitats
• Distance from sea-ice
Populattion
dynam
mics
Cheung et al. (2008) FCRR;
Cheung et al. (in press) Fish Fish.
Predic
cted future species
distribution
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 0
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 2
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 4
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 6
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 8
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 10
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 12
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 14
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 16
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 18
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 20
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 22
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 24
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 26
Atlantic herring
(Clupea harengus)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
Year 28
Predicting climate change impacts on
marine biodiversityy (fish and inverts.)
Relative
abundance
0
0
Low
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
High
>
• Combining projected
distributional ranges of
1,066 marine species.
Intensity of speciess invasion by 2050
Scenario: SRES
S
A1B
Cheung, Lam, Kearney, Sarmiento, Watson and
d Pauly (in press) Fish and Fisheries
Intensity of speccies loss by 2050
Scenario: SRES
S
A1B
Local extinction
Cheung, Lam, Kearney, Sarmiento, Watson and
d Pauly (in press) Fish and Fisheries
Summ
mary
• Showed potential areas of con
nservation interest in the high
seas based on patterns of speccies richness;
• Maps of species richness can be improved by increasing
species representation for fish
h & inverts. (e.g., AquaMaps);
• Climate change is likely to shift the pattern of species
richness, particularly in the trropics, high latitude regions
and semi-enclosed seas;
• Such changes should be consiidered when designing
protected areas and conservation policies.
Acknowledgements
• Funding supports:
• Pew Charitable Trusts through the Sea Around Us Project;
• EU through the Secretariat off the Convention of Biological
Diversity;
• M. Vierros, A. Gelchu, A. Kitchinngman, C. Close, J. Alder, J. Hui, J.
Meeuwig, N. Dulvy, R. Ahrens, S.
S Hodgson, T. Pitcher and many
others.
Thank
k you