N d l t i ll l ESPt h l New developments in small scale ESP technology

Transcription

N
New
d
developments
l
t in
i small
ll scale
l ESP technology
t h l
Hans Hartmann,
Peter Turowski
Technology- and Support Centre (TFZ), Straubing, Germany
(www.tfz.bayern.de)
Hartmann
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Technologie- und Förderzentrum
im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Content
• Introduction
• Current developments of small ESP's for wood combustion
and results from tests
• Outlook
O tl k on filter
filt test
t t project
j t by
b TFZ
• Test procedure
• Conclusions
Hartmann
p08 B ha 010
German emission directive
– Proposed future limitations for room heaters/stoves
Requirements for type tests according to 1.BImSchV
1.BImSchV-amendment,
amendment, emissions given at 13 % O2-conc.
conc.
(here: no inspection by chimney sweep shall be required!)
Step 1:
erected after
regulation date
Step 2:
erected after
31.12.2014
erected after
regulation
date
CO
[g/m³]
Dust
CO
Dust
[g/m³]
[g/m³]
[g/m³]
Room heaters with flat furnace
2,0
0,10
1,25
0,04
minimum
efficiency
[%]
73
Room heaters with filling furnace
25
2,5
0 10
0,10
1 25
1,25
0 04
0,04
70
Heat storage stoves
2,0
0,10
1,25
0,04
75
Closed fireplaces
2,0
0,10
1,25
0,04
75
Tiled stoves (flat furnace)
2,0
0,10
1,25
0,04
80
Tiled stoves (filling furnace)
2,5
0,10
1,25
0,04
80
Cooking stoves
3,0
0,10
1,50
0,04
70
Central heating&cooking stoves
3,5
0,10
1,50
0,04
75
Pellet stoves without water jacket
0,40
0,05
0,25
0,03
85
Pellet stoves with water jacket
0,40
0,03
0,25
0,02
90
Furnace type
Hartmann
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State-of-the-art wood furnaces in Germany – Recent measurements
from practice oriented trials. Here: total dust and particle sizes
Average of 10 to12 measurements (per furnace) using hard and soft wood in the usual moisture range
80
3
mg/Nm
2500
(13 %
O2 )
Particle em
mission
60
72
>10µm
2,5-10µm
1-2,5µm
<1µm
2%
58
3%
2%
6%
2%
4%
50
7%
40
34
30
3%
20
20
5%
12%
89%
26
11%
0%
7%
3%
4%
10
92%
6%
1%
83%
3%
70%
91%
1
96%
0
Pelletboiler
Wood chip
boiler
Log wood
boiler
Tiled
stove
Chimney
stove
Heating oil
boiler
Source: TFZ, unpublished
Hartmann
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Spanner ESP-type (Germany): SFF 20, SFF 50 and SFF 100
Electrostatic precipitator for small scale application
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Manufacturer:
Spanner Re²
Re², Neufahrn
Neufahrn,Germany
Germany
Power of boiler:
<30 kW, <85 kW and <150 kW
Voltage:
15 kV (50 W transformer)
Pressure drop:
40 Pa
PM
PM-emission:
i i
<10
10 mg/Nm³
/N ³
Automatic cleaning system by vibration (daily)
State: field testing of prototypes
Prospected price: around 1000,-/1500,- €
4 precipitating pipes with ventilated insulation
Hartmann
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Integrated electrostatic
precipitator (by Spanner)
on top of pellet boiler
retrofit
unit
(20 kW)
Spanner ESP-type: Large filter version (SFF 50)
Filter entrance (top)
Filter outlet (bottom)
Hartmann
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Test results with Spanner ESP-type (SFF 20):
Particle removal from log wood boiler exhaust fumes
PM emissions and removal effiency measured with 30 kW log wood boiler at the
TFZ test stand with different wood fuels (unpublished data by TFZ)
raw gas
clean gas
removal effiency
150
mg/Nm3
(13 % O2 )
100
93
91
92
90
86
120
82
%
94
85
109
85
85
88
85
80
81
78
PM emission
P
90
60
62
60
40
46
39
36
33
30
36
32
26
25
19
16
2
4
5
7
3
9
5
5
6
5
30
28
24
4
3
0
Hartmann
2
0
birch
m c=18%
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20
18
4
removal effiency
93
beech
m c=14%
spruce, m c=23%
norm al logs
spruce, m c=13%
unsplit
spruce, m c=13%
large logs
Test results with Spanner ESP-type (SFF20):
Particle size distribution
100
< 1 µm
2,5 - 1 µm
10 - 2,5 µm
> 10 µm
Share of particle size
%
80
90%
79%
73%
70
81%
58%
67%
50
40
13%
30
6%
10
0
ESP-status:
F l
Fuel:
15%
3%
7%
8%
6%
15%
12%
7%
11%
off
7%
on
Birch
3%
3%
4%
off
27%
9%
on
Beech
off
10%
on
Spruce
w=23 %
3%
7%
19%
off
6%
8%
6%
7%
10%
Hartmann
77%
60%
60
20
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53%
76%
6%
19%
19%
10%
on
Spruce,
Spruce
round wood
off
on
Spruce,
Spruce
big logs
Ruegg- / K&W-type ESP (Switzerland/Germany):
Electrostatic precipitator for small scale application
•
•
•
•
•
Mainly for wood stoves
Min. 1,5 m metal exhaust pipe required
Voltage: 20 kV
Cleaning by hand
El t consumption:
Electr.
ti
12/3
12/3,6
6W
(on/standby)
• State: series (Switzerland),
field testing (Germany)
• Price:
Pi
around
d 1300
1300,- €
Electrode and particle deposition in exhaust pipe
Hartmann
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Particle deposition in exhaust pipe
Photos:
Ruegg, Switzerland
Ruegg- / K&W-type ESP: Examples of applications
Application in living rooms
Application in chimneys
Filter insert
• Electrode
• Thermostat
Feed pipe
• Purge air
• High voltage
Control module
• Contol unit
• Ventilator
• Electr. supply 230V
Source: Ruegg, Switzerland
Hartmann
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Test results with Ruegg- / K&W- type ESP
Dust reduction by mass
Source: C. Gaegauf, Ökozentrum
Ö
Langenbruck (Switzerland)
Further conclusion: - Particle reduction by mass is slightly lower than by particle numbers (SMPS)
- Separation is largely independent from total dust concentrations
Hartmann
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APP-type ESP (R
ESP, by APP Applied Plasma Physics,
Norway): Electrostatic precipitator for chimney-top applications
esidential
•
•
•
•
•
Mainly for wood or coal stoves and boilers
Voltage: not specified
Electr. consumption: not specified
Price: yet unknown (below 1000
1000,- €)
State: field testing of prototypes
Source: APP, Norway
Hartmann
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Oeko Tube ESP (by OekoSolve AG, Liechtenstein/Switzerland)
Electrostatic precipitator for chimney-top applications
•
•
•
•
Mainly for wood stoves
Max. power output: 35 kW
Cleaning by hand (chimney sweep ?):
first revision after 2 months
• Electr. consumption: 20 - 30 W
• Price: about 1400,- €
• State: series
01 Chimney head
02 Oeko Tube
03 Electrical connection
04 Electrode
Source: OekoSolve, Switzerland
Hartmann
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Spartherm ESP ("Airbox", Germany)
Electrostatic precipitator for living room applications
•
•
•
•
•
Mainly for wood stoves or fireplaces
Max. power output: 15 kW
Manual bypass operation
Cleaning by hand (every 100 hours, using
vacuum cleaner)
• Electr. consumption: not specified
• Price: yet unknown
• Ptate: yet unknown
Source: Spartherm, Germany
Hartmann
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Developing an "electrostatic scrubber"
(Project FH Gelsenkirchen/Germany)
Scrubber by Schräder Abgastechnik
Load distribution and orientation
of electrical field
Test setup for
"electrostatic scrubber"
pressure reducer
high voltage supply
gauge
nozzle
electrode
liquid collector
Source: Prof. R. Rawe, FH Gelsenkirchen, Germany
Hartmann
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Filter test programme by TFZ (starting October 2008)
Field test: 10 filters installed in the City of Straubing:
4 x Ruegg/K&W; 3 x Spanner type, 3 x APP-type)
¾ Monitoring of function
¾ Cleaning requirements
¾ Operational errors
Test stand trials:
Each filter is tested over 6 weeks semi-permanent operation for
¾ Particle reduction (diluted/ undiluted flue gas) with old&new stove or boiler
¾ Monitoring of function
¾ Cleaning requirements (depositions)
¾ Dust composition changes
¾ Electricity consumption
Hartmann
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Absolute increase of measured total dust emission after flue
gas dilution as function of OGC-emission
Evaluation of 95 parallel measurements at a chimney stove and a tiled stove using various wood fuels at
different operational modes (wood logs, briquettes, various moisture contents, charging modes and times etc.)
y = 5E-05x2 + 0,1078x + 3,5295
R2 = 0,9709
0 9709
Increase of total dust emission
iin diluted flue g
gas
1400
mg/Nm3
(13 %1200
O2)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
-200
3
mg/Nm
4000
(13 % O2)
4500
Organic gaseous carbon emission (OGC,
(OGC undiluted)
Source: TFZ unpublished (2008)
Hartmann
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Particle sampling using dilution tunnel
Parameter
Mean value
l
(from 95 trials)
CO2 , undiluted
4,8 Vol. -%
CO 2 , diluted
0,9 Vol. -%
dilution ratio
5,7
flue gas temperature, undiluted 262 °C
flue gas temperature, diluted
56 °C
Dilution tunnel at TFZ
Hartmann
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Open questions on filter test setup
• Testing with/without flue gas dilution? (TFZ: both variants!)
• Consideration of any purge air of the filters (relevant for Spanner
Spannerand Ruegg-type). ⇒ similar air injection is required for dust
sampling before filter (in parallel tests)
• Method for flue gas dilution (e.g. partial flow dilution combined with
full flow dilution method?)
• TFZ
TFZ: Partial
P ti l flow
fl
dilution
dil ti (2x):
(2 ) controlled
t ll d air
i ratio
ti adjusted
dj t d tto
temperature requirements of <52 °C
(acc. to engine standard ISO 8178 )
Hartmann
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Conclusions
• Several concepts or products for low cost ESP are currently
available for small scale furnaces.
• Suitable in-room
in room applications are rarely given (chimney based
solutions are easier)
• Cleaning and withdrawl of precipitated dust is often not
mechanized (high manual efforts)
• Still only few experimental data and long term experience are
available
• Internationally acceped testing procedures for ESP
need to be developed !
Hartmann
p08 B ha 010
Thank you
for your attention !
www.tfz.bayern.de
Hartmann
p08 B ha 010

N d l t i ll l ESPt h l New developments in small scale ESP technology

Transcription

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