FOREWORD

Transcription

FOREWORD

FOREWORD
Agricultural Research and Development in Nepal, through the process of Competitive Grant System, has
opened up opportunities for all stakeholders to contribute through collaboration and/or partnership to bring
positive improvements in the lives of common people. For smallholder farmers, this participation is most
crucial since smallholder agriculture is considered to be the engine for rural and economic development in
Nepal.
The National Agricultural Research and Development Fund (NARDF) is an important institution for
implementing competitive grant system in agricultural research and development. Successful
implementation of the NARDF funded projects will definitely help in improving agricultural productivity
and attaining the national goal of poverty reduction.
The main function and mandate of NARDF is to seek or demand proposals from governmental and
nongovernmental organization, academic/educational institutions, private sector, civil society and
community based organizations who are interested in contributing to the agricultural research and
development of Nepal. NARDF focuses on output oriented work aiming to deliver measurable results within
a maximum of three years period in support of national objectives and priorities defined in government
policy documents.
Since its establishment in the year 2001, NARDF has so far provided financial support for the
implementation of 162 Research & Development Projects through various implementing organizations
and/or development partners. Out of these, 105 projects have been completed so far under the first, second,
third, fourth, fifth and sixth calls. The remaining 57 projects are still ongoing. For the 9th Call 221 Project
Concept Note have been received and are undergoing through remaining selection procedures.
From the fifth call onwards, NARDF has also introduced the Small Grants and Thesis Grants Program under
its funding umbrella mainly targeting the grassroots level local institutions and Post-Graduate level research
students respectively. During the fiscal year 2064/65, 24 Small Grants and 12 Thesis Grants projects were
awarded. In the fiscal year 2065/66, 6 Small Grants and 18 Thesis Grants were awarded. In the Fiscal Year
2066/67, 20 Thesis Grants have been awarded. In the Fiscal year 2067/68 17 Thesis Grants have been
awarded. In the current Fiscal Year thesis proposal evaluation is under process. Therefore, an attempt has
been made in this report to provide some introductory notes, summary and progress of those projects that are
already under implementation. I believe this publication will provide useful information related to various
NARDF funded projects and their ongoing status. It will also provide the reader with an insight as to what
could be achieved, within overall aim of contributing to the improvement of the livelihoods of the rural
communities. I would like to thank all the Project Coordinators who have timely submitted their progress
reports for incorporating their project-related information in this publication. I would like to thank all the
Officers of NARDF, Mr. Bharat Adhikari, Mr. Tara Kumar Shrestha, Mr Kamal Kesar Khanal, Mr
Bhismakanta Ghimire, Dr. Parvez Alam, and computer operator Mr Kiran Raut who were fully involved in
the compilation, editing and publication of this report. I would also like to thank all those who have a direct
or indirect role in the preparation of this report during the various stages of its preparation and publication.
Sankar Shapkota
Act. Member Secretary
NARDF
June 2012
NARDF Project Compilation Report - 2012
i
INTRODUCTION
In the context of the current worldwide wave of achieving goals relating to agricultural research and
development programs by increasing the participation of the governmental, private and non-governmental
sectors and the civil society through the Competitive Grant System (CGS), it has become imperative in our
country also to give momentum to the overall development of the agricultural sector by launching
agricultural research and development programs through the private sector, the non-governmental
community, the academic institutions and the civil society, in addition to the governmental sector.
In exercise of the power conferred by Section 3 of the 1986 Working Fund Act, the then His Majesty’s
Government (now called as 'Government of Nepal') has established a National Agricultural Research and
Development Fund (NARDF) on 10 December, 2001, with the objective of carrying out functions aimed at
contributing to the development of the agricultural sector by distributing its financial resources on the basis
of the competitive grant system open to all development stakeholders and partners. Presently, NARDF is a
government entity under the Ministry of Agriculture Development supporting and promulgating the CGS
initiative which was started by HARP twelve years back. The main thrust of NARDF is to familiarize the
CGS concept to a wider level of heterogeneous clients/development partners scattered all over the length and
breadth of Nepal. The CGS philosophy is to ensure the participation of the private sector, the nongovernmental community, the community-based organizations and the civil society in planning and
investment activities, increase their involvement in the tasks of diversifying and promoting the agricultural
research and development sector and bringing about coordination in agricultural research, extension and
training activities.
NARDF aims to promote a demand-driven and pluralistic approach, providing grants that are designed to
uplift the standard of living of Nepalese farmers while at the same time it believes in capacity building of the
participating institutions and those of the end- users. Thus, a call for proposals is advertised in daily
newspapers each year and the award is based on a transparent process of selection through independent
review by the professionals. The major steps of project selection are as follows:
•
NARDF calls for project concept notes (PCNs) within the NARDF thematic and priorities
areas.
•
PCNs are pre-screened by NARDF Secretariat to check whether the minimum set of criteria
are fulfilled.
•
PCNs are forwarded to Peer Reviewers for reviewing and evaluation.
•
Comments and recommendations on PCNs received from Peer Reviewers are compiled
systematically and presented to the Technical sub-committee (TSC) by the Secretariat.
•
TSC goes through the individual PCN received from Peer Reviewers and submit to the Fund
Management Committee (FMC) for approval along with recommendations.
•
FMC makes the final decision regarding PCN acceptance.
•
Successful applicants whose PCNs are accepted are notified by NARDF Secretariat and they
are asked to submit the Full Project Proposals (FPP) within a set deadline.
•
The FPP received by NARDF from the applicants follows the same cyclic process as that of
PCN before the final decision is made for awarding of the Grant.
Following the award of Grant, the successful Project Proponents (in NARDF's case, Project
Coordinator) signs the Official Project Agreement Paper on behalf of his/her institution with
the NARDF Secretariat and Project work is set in motion.
•
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The advertisement for the NARDF first call was made on 2059/6/25 in National Daily newspapers
Gorakhapatra and Kantipur as well as in the NARDF official website (www.nardf.org.np). The total number
of Project Concept Notes [PCNs] registered in this first call were 174 out of which 116 were rejected during
the prescreening phase by the NARDF secretariat. The remaining 58 PCNs were forwarded for review to the
independent peer reviewers in order to pass by the process of selection as mentioned above. Out of these 58
PCNs, only 19 PCNs were accepted for submitting full proposal. Finally, fifteen (15) projects were approved
for implementation. These projects are already completed.
The second call was made on 2060/6/10 in National Daily Papers Gorakhapatra and Kantipur as well as in
the website of NARDF. There were altogether 277 PCNs registered in second call, out of which 65 PCNs
were rejected during the prescreening phase by NARDF secretariat. The remaining 212 PCNs were
forwarded to the peer reviewers for review process and only 71 PCNs were selected for submitting the Full
Project Proposal (FPP). Out of these 71 full proposals, 23 projects were approved for implementation. Out of
these 23 projects, two projects were merged into one, and one project was terminated without completion.
So, only 21 projects of the second call are being implemented. All these 21 Projects are already completed.
The third call for the PCN was made on 2061/7/12 in the National Daily Gorakhapatra and NARDF website.
A total of 380 PCNs were registered in NARDF secretariat for project bidding. Out of 380 PCNs, 293 were
forwarded to the peer reviewers for review after 87 PCNs were rejected during the pre-screening phase. A
total of 72 PCNs were accepted for submitting the FPP out of which 68 FPPs were finally received and send
to the peer reviewers for further reviewing. Among the 68 FPPs only 21 FPPs were finally approved for
funding. All the 3rd call projects are already completed.
Likewise, the fourth call for the PCN was made on 2062/11/17 in the National Daily Gorakhapatra and
NARDF website. A total number of 300 PCNs were registered by different proponents in NARDF
Secretariat before the deadline, out of which, 39 PCNs have to be rejected after pre-screening process and
the remaining 261 PCNs were forwarded to the peer reviewers for review. Out of the 261 PCNs, 80 PCNs
were accepted for submitting the FPP. But only 77 FPPs were submitted. With the same token of reviewing
process as in the case of PCNs, only 26 FPPs were finally selected for funding. All the 4th call projects are
also completed.
The advertisement for the NARDF's fifth call was publicly announced on 2064/03/22 in National Daily
Gorakhapatra as well as in the official website of NARDF. A total number of 266 PCNs were registered in
NARDF Secretariat. After going through the prescreening phase and reviewing process a total of 47 PCNs
were selected for developing the FPPs and were sent to respective proponents. A total of 45 FPPs were
received in the NARDF Secretariat before the deadline, and were further sent to independent peer reviewers
for reviewing. Finally, only 18 FPPs were prioritized for funding by the Fund Management Committee
(FMC) of NARDF. Fifteen projects are completed under 5th call and the rest are ongoing in various districts
of Nepal.
NARDF 6th Call for Project proposals was publicly announced on 2065/03/28 and 29 in the National Daily
Gorakhapatra. A total of 347 Project Concept Notes were received in NARDF Secretariat. Finally only 28
Projects got approved for funding by the FMC. But one approved projects did not come for agreement.
Therefore total 27 Projects are in 6th call. Seven projects of this call are completed and the rest of the
projects are on going.
NARDF 7th Call for Project proposals was publicly announced on 2066/03/13 and 14 in the National Daily
Gorakhapatra. A total of 362 Project Concept Notes were received in NARDF Secretariat. Finally only 22
Projects got approved for funding by the FMC. But one approved projects did not come for agreement in this
call too. Therefore total 21 Projects are in 7th call. These projects are currently on going.
The advertisement for the NARDF's eighth call was publicly announced on 2067/03/24 and 25 in National
Daily Gorakhapatra as well as in the official website of NARDF. A total number of 358 PCNs were
registered in NARDF Secretariat. Finally only 13 Projects got approved for funding by the FMC. These
projects are currently ongoing.
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The advertisement for the NARDF's ninth call was publicly announced on 2067/10/4 and 5 in National Daily
Gorakhapatra as well as in the official website of NARDF. A total number of 221 PCNs were registered in
NARDF Secretariat. Now these PCNs are under screening process.
In the Fiscal year 2064/65 NARDF has taken some new initiatives in the implementation of Small Grants
and Thesis Grants Program. The Operating Manual and Guidelines of both the Small and Thesis Grants
Schemes are already developed by the NARDF Secretariat. The Small Grants funding scheme is mainly
targeted for supporting local/grassroots NGOs and CBOs with a maximum budget ceiling of Five lakhs and
the Thesis Grants to Masters' level students who are currently undertaking Post-Graduate studies in the field
of agriculture and development, matching with the priority areas of NARDF. In the Small Grants call for
proposals a total of 161 FPPs were registered in NARDF Secretariat out of which only 24 projects were
finally approved for funding. All the 24 projects are completed. Regarding the Thesis Grants program,
altogether 12 Research grants have been awarded to Post-Graduate level students during this fiscal year.
After completion of their research work, all these students have presented their findings to NARDF.
In the Fiscal year 2065/66 regarding the Small Grants, a relatively small number (35 FPPs) were received by
NARDF – which was precisely targeted for 15 remote districts according to NARDF priority focus for that
particular call. Due to the poor quality of proposals received only seven (7) Projects finally got approved for
funding, but one project didn’t come for agreement. So agreements are done with only 6 projects. Out of
these 4 projects are completed. Final reports of remaining 2 projects have not submitted yet. Regarding
Thesis Grants, a total of 18 Post Graduate (M.Sc. Students) has been awarded with the Research Grant to
conduct their Thesis work. In the Fiscal year 2066/67 a total of 20 Post Graduate (M.Sc.) students from
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur have been awarded with the Research Grant to conduct
their Thesis work. All of the students have presented their findings to NARDF after completion of their
research work. In the current fiscal year 2067/68 a total of 16 Post Graduate (M.Sc.) and 1Ph.D. students
from Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur have been awarded with the Research Grant to
conduct their Thesis work. Fifteen students have presented their findings to NARDF after completion of
their work and 2 students have not presented their findings yet.
NARDF is optimistic that the research and development grants of the FUND are being frugally utilized by
its development stakeholders and implementing partners in order to leave a lasting and desired impact in the
targeted communities where support is most needed to uplift the living conditions/livelihoods of the people
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Table of contents
S.
No.
Description
Page
no.
1 Foreword by Member Secretary, Shankar Sapkota
i
2 Introduction
ii
3 Table of Contents
v
4
PP no. 601/2008/2009 Bionimics of White Stem Borer of Coffee and development of Ecofriendly Management Practices in Farmers Fields.
1
5
PP no. 602/2008/2009 ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nfuL slknj:t' lhNnfdf ;fgf kz'x?sf] ;'wfl/Psf] gZn
cfk"lt{ cfof]hgf, df]tLk"/–slknj:t'
7
6
PP no. 603/2008/2009 Microbiological Asessment of Post Slaughter Practices Applied For
Extending The Shelf Life Of Goat Meat At Slaughter And Retail Market
13
7
PP no. 604/2008/2009 Promoting Farmers level production and utilization of bio-pesticides
for vegetable farming
19
8
PP no. 605/2008/2009 Scaling up of cage cum pond integration system of Tilapia/Catfish in
cage and carps in ponds
24
9
PP no. 606/2008/2009 Participatory F1 Seed Production & Marketing of Tomato cv. 'Shrijana'
through Seed Producer Group
27
10
PP no. 607/2008/2009 Commercial Vegetable Farming at Peri-Urban Area and BP Highway
Corridor of Sindhuli District,Nepal
37
11 PP no. 608/2008/2009 :ofªhf lhNnfdf afª\l;ª, ljrf/L / afu]km8\s] uflj;df s[lif ljdf sfo{s|d
36
12 PP no. 609/2008/2009 c3f{vfFrL lhNnfdf ;xsf/Lsf] dfWod4f/f s[lif ahf/ Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf
41
PP no. 610/2008/2009 Improving the Productivity of Resources Poor Farmers' Pig Herds
through promotion of Genetically Improved Pig Genotypes in Bardiya District
44
PP no. 611/2008/2009 Livelihood Improvement of Small Farmers through promoting of
14 Commercial Pointed Gourd Production and Marketing Linkages in Dodahara & Chadani
VDCs in Kanchanpur
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15
PP no. 612/2008/2009 Climate change Effects on Rice wheat System and its Mitigation
options in the Terai region of Nepal.
54
16
PP no. 613/2008/2009 Improvent of Quality Production and Marketing Network of Pointed
Gourd in Mahottari District
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17
PP no. 614/2008/2009 Fish health Management approaches for the quality supply of rainbow
trout
63
18
PP no. 615/2008/2009 Fresh Vegetable Production and Developing Agricultural Marketing
Network (VPAM) in Sindhuli
67
19
PP no. 616/2008/2009 Development of Self Employment Opportunities through Small-Scale
Pig Farming Enterprises in Makwanpur
72
20
PP no. 617/2008/2009 Improved Forage based Jersey cattle rearing program in Sandhikharka
and its adjoining VDCs of Arghakhanchi district to Promote dairy industry.
78
21
PP no. 618/2008/2009 kfNkf / c3f{vfFrL lhNnfdf u'0f:tl/o 3fF; aLp k|jw{gaf6 cfo cfh{g ;lxt
ls;fgx?sf] kz'kfng / vfB;'/Iffaf6 ul/aL Go"lgs/0f kl/of]hgf
85
13
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22
PP no. 619/2008/2009 Scaling up of Sustainabla soil Management Technologies for
Improving livelihood of Resource Poor Farmers in Hills
88
23
PP no. 620/2008/2009 Development of Agricultural Entrepreneurship among rural youth for
self employment in Nuwakot
93
24
PP no. 621/2008/2009 u|fdL0f ls;fgx?sf s[lifhGo pTkfbgx?sf] ahf/;Dd kFx'r j[l¢sf nfuL s[lif
ahf/sf] ;+hfn ljsf;
25 PP no. 622/2008/2009 u'0f:tl/o aLpsf] ;j{;'ne cfk"lt{sf nfuL aLp a}+s sfo{qmd, slknj:t'
26
PP no. 623/2008/2009 Implementation of GMP in selected 3 Dairy Industries establishing one
model milk chain of each dairy
97
101
106
27 PP no. 624/2008/2009 Market promotion of large Cardamom Through Quality Improvement
112
28 PP no. 625/2008/2009 Unnat Bangur Palaun Mahila Rojgari Ra Aamdani Badhau
117
PP no. 626/2008/2009 Development of Fisheries enterprises for livelihood improvement of
29 freed Kamaiyas and women along the highway corridor in Far western development
region,Nepal
120
30 PP no. 627/2008/2009 bf]nvf–l;+u8L–nfdfju/ ;8s bfFof jfFof gd'gf ufO{kfng ;xof]u sfo{qmd
129
31
PP no. 701/2009/2010 Management of Degraded Agriculture Land Through Cooperative
Lease Farming
134
32
PP no. 702/2009/2010 Establishment of Resource Centre of Pakhribas Black Pig in
Sankhuwasabha District
140
33
PP no. 703/2009/2010 Degraded cultivated land management to improve the Agricultural
product and productivity for food security in the Arghankhachi District
143
PP no. 704/2009/2010 Improving household income and livelihood of rural farmers groups
34 through postharvest handling and processing of HVC in Kusaha Laximiniya, Hanuman nagar
pra-dha and Pipra pra-dha VDCs of Siraha district of eastern Nepal
146
PP no. 705/2009/2010 Women Entrepreneurship Development on Vegetables Production
using Value Chain Approach in Makwanpur
152
35
36
PP no. 706/2009/2010 dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf blnt dlxnfx?sf] cfo j[l¢sf nflu s'v'/f kfng
kl/of]hgf
157
37
PP no. 707/2009/2010 Promotion of Floriculture (gladiolus and chrysanthemum) for income
generation in the Highway Corridor VDCs in Sarlahi
38
PP no. 708/2009/2010 s[ifsx?åf/f Jofj;flos ?kdf dxsf] u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg ;fy} jhf/Ls/0fdf
164
lbuf] ;+hfnLs/0f kl/of]hgf
39
PP no. 709/2009/2010 Promotion of Organic vegetable farming and cooperative marketing for
income generation in Gorkha District
167
40
PP no. 710/2009/2010 Conservation of Degraded Agricultural Land and Livelihood
Improvement of Marginalised Farmers in Dhading
172
41
PP no. 711/2009/2010 Sustainable white grubs management through the use of indigenous
entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae
176
42
PP no. 712/2009/2010 Utilization of Organic Solid Waste for Organic Oriented Vegetable
Farming in Madhyapur Thimi Municipality Ward no. 3 & 12
184
43 PP no. 713/2009/2010 ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu :6]leof k|j¢{g kl/of]hgf
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PP no. 714/2009/2010 Commercial Vegetable Farming for Income Generation in ChhinchuJajarkot Road Corridor of Jajarkot District
PP no. 715/2009/2010 Conservation Agriculture for Long Term Sustainability, Natural
Resource Management and Environmental Protection (CA Project)
PP no. 716/2009/2010 Conservation and Promotion of Lulu Cattle: A Pioneer Program in
Livestock Improvement and Utilization of Underexploited Livestock Breeds
PP no. 717/2009/2010 Promotion of Exportable Honey through Beekeeping Enterprise in
Sarlahi District
PP no. 718/2009/2010 Utilization of River basin for commercial off season vegetable farming
in Mahottari, Sarlahi and Rautahat district
PP no. 719/2009/2010 Uplifting Farmers Income through Organic Oriented Tomato
Production Cultivation In Shankarpur, Rajghat and Hajariya VDCs of Sarlahi District
PP no. 720/2009/2010 A Small Scale Giriraja Chicken farm development for the supply of
quality meat and eggs in Nuwakot district
PP no. 721/2009/2010 Management of Infertility in Dairy Animals
PP no.801/2010/2011 Commercial Seed Production and Entrepreneurship Development
PP no.802/2010/2011 Promotion of Foxmillet and Jumli Simi(Bean) to Increase Farm Income
and Improve Living Standard of Small and Marginal Farmers in Jumla
PP no.803/2010/2011 Promotion of Small Scale Rural Dairy Farmers through Participatory
Verification and Scaling-up of the Technologies in the Catchment Areas of Private Dairy
Industries
PP no.804/2010/2011 Improving food Security Situation of Bajhang District Through
Increasing Production of Maize and Wheat
PP no.805/2010/2011 Citrus (Mandarin Orange) Orchard Management, Post Harvest
Handling and Processing Program at Kusadevi VDC, Kavre
PP no.806/2010/2011 Commercial Seed Production & Entrepreneurship Development
PP no.807/2010/2011 Enhancement of carp fish production for livehood improvement and
income generation of fisher communities at Dumaria,Jatahara & Rampurkhap cillages in
Rauthat District
PP no.808/2010/2011 Improving the Livelihoods of Small Holding Rural HHs through
Introduction and Dissemination of Low Cost Rainbow Trout Fish Production Technology in
Makwanpur District.
PP no.809/2010/2011 Development of Novel Means of environment friendly Red Ants
(Dorylus orientalis Westwood) Management technology in Potato Crop in Makwanpur
District, Nepal
PP no.810/2010/2011 romotion of Grain Legume to Enhance Food Security and Management
of Degraded Land in Mid hills of Nepal
PP no.811/2010/2011 Conservation, Utilization and Promotion of Endangered Achhami
Cattle
PP no.812/2010/2011 Food Security Program in the Mid Western Mountains of Nepal
through Promotion of Underutilised Crops of Buckwheat, Naked Barley and Foxtail Millet in
Patmara & Tatopani VDCs of Jumla Distrct
PP no.813/2010/2011 Promotion of low cost and water saving
irrigation technologies for enhancing
small farmers' productivity
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Project Title
Project No
Project Coordinator
Address
Telephone
Fax
Email
Collaborating
organisations
Start Date
Project Cost
Location of Project
Study on the bionomics of white stem borer of coffee and development of
eco-friendly management practices
601/2008/09
Dr. Yubak Dhoj G. C.
C/o Department of Entomology
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS)
Rampur, Chitwan
Nepal
++ 977-98550 56 755
++ 977-56 581021
[email protected]
District Coffee Producers Association (DCPA), Gulmi
June 2009
May 2012
End Date:
Around NRs, 19 Lakhs
Central Region; IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan (for laboratory work), Gulmi
(Thanapati VDCs) for field work
PROJECT SUMMARY
Coffee crop has becoming one of the lucrative cash generating crops in Nepal; however its productivity is
very low as compared to other coffee growing countries in the world. In Nepal, coffee was accidentally
introduced and initially this crop was limited in the western region however, in recent years it has been
spreading across the country because of the monetary attraction. Among cultivated areas, Gulmi and Palpa are
one of the pioneering districts in the country. Its successful cultivation has been limited mainly by the white
stem boring beetles (WSB) resulting into the wider reluctance in the cultivation.
A activity was initiated for details study of WSB, which was one the efforts of NARDF and IAAS, Rampur
with an objective to initiate a bio-334rational management of dreaded pests of coffee. The study was carried
out in the farming sites of Gulmi district (Thanapati and Shringa VDCs) for about two and half year starting
from 2008. A set of activities including on-farm loss assessment of insect pests, bio-rational management,
details study of pest, host association of pest and some disseminating the technology to the farmers fields
were carried out. The on-farm loss assessment revealed there is wide spread occurrence of insect pests, not
well managed plantation, poor orchard management, poor shade management, lack of soil nutrient, lack of
regular maintenance of coffee orchards (training, pruning, burning, sanitation, irrigation, and cultural
operation) and lack of pest tolerance varieties. Regarding the biology study has revealed that three different
beetles (Xylotrechus quadripes, X. semi and Chlorophorus annularis) are mainly associated in coffee
orchards. Among them white stem borer (X. quadripes Chevrolat; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the
dominant species for causing damages. In addition to these beetles, red stem borer (Zeuzera sp), Lepidopteran
moth also involves considerably in some of the orchards, however, the major losses is incurred due to white
stem borer. The on-farm loss of this pest alone is very unacceptably high up to 70% in some farm orchards.
Attempts of combating their losses at the farmers' capacity are underway however; they are not effective to
lower down the present level of pest damage. The phenology study with cross vein sticky pheromone trap and
field visits revealed that the beetle species occur year round in the orchards. However, two major flight
periods such as March-April and September-October are found the dominant one. This suggests, the life cycle
is completed at every 6 or 12 or 24 months. The capturing of beetles may be intensified during these periods.
The larval duration remains up to 6 instars and pupa is very short about a month, which leaves the stem with
exit hole. Regarding its biorational management, SERVO oil and painting with the help of coal tar has
observed the significant pest control. In other side, shade has direct effect on borer infestation. The shade
plants like jackfruits, banana has direct impacts on lowering the pest. Laboratory bioassay confirmed the
larvae are highly susceptible with insect pathogenic fungus such as Beauveria bassiana. It is very important to
develop their method of application, which would be applicable in field condition. Based on the findings of
1
the experiment, the field study indicated some of the materials such as cattle urine mixed with Agave sp leaf
extracts, neem oil and sticky materials hamper beetle infestation with differential responses. Including these
materials other materials such as Servo oil, Coal tar, Cashew oil, Marauti, Timur (Xanthophylum sp), fungal
mud based on B. bassiana and insect parasite will be included in future study.
PROJECT PURPOSE
The main goal of the project is to "promote economically and ecologically sustainable management of coffee
stem borer in particular and other pests and disease in general so as to stabilize and increase the crop yields
and farm income”. This project will contribute in food security by increasing the farmer's income thereby
through increasing access for the purchasing power, self reliance of the farmers, and support to the poor and
have positive impact on the environment, gender and peoples health. The eventual purpose of this project is to
generate an environmental beginning approach for promoting organic coffee production, export and
marketing from Nepal to abroad countries. This will contribute towards export promotion and improve the
livelihood of the people of Nepal.
BENEFICIARIES
The main beneficiaries of this project are small-scale farming families, which derive their livelihood from
upland farming where cultivation of coffee crop is possible. The biorational control of pests such as white
stem borer makes crop production less vulnerable to pests and provides these families with opportunities to
grow high value crops (e.g. potato, vegetables and zinger) without the risk of major pest losses. Expenditures
for pesticides and the use of highly persistent and ecologically destructive pesticides can be avoided. A ways
of producing and trading organic coffee will be enabling in earning foreign currencies and contribute in the
GDP of the country. This will add the value by increasing the purchasing power of the family which will
significantly improve the livelihood of farm families.
¾
¾
¾
¾
The primary beneficiaries are the commercial, semi-commercial and subsistence producers of the mid
hills areas of Nepal.
The secondary beneficiaries are the government line agencies such as DOA, NARC, academic
institutions, students, researchers involved in this area, DCPA, non-governmental organizations.
The up-stream beneficiaries are the researchers, students and academic institutions which are directly or
indirectly involved in the management of white stem borers.
The distant beneficiaries are the traders and the consumers as a whole.
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS (OVIS)
¾
¾
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By the mid of 2009, on-farm losses and occurrence of white stem borer of coffee documented by which
more than 90% of project farmers were benefited.
At the end of 2009, bio-economics of white stem borer on coffee was determined by which 50% pest
reduction achieved.
Since the beginning of 2010, farmer got a novel pest control method by which they will increase their
coffee production by 90%.
Since the middle of 2011, full fledges diamond plots will be established by which 90% of the
stakeholders (researcher, producers and traders) benefited.
MEANS OF VERIFICATIONS
¾
Trimester and half yearly reports, technical report, field observation
¾
Technical report and field observations
¾
Annual and technical reports, farmers interview, field monitoring
¾
Annual/Technical reports
¾
Annual reports, filed visits
¾
Journal articles
¾
Booklets
2
UP-SCALING PATHWAYS
The solid finding of research has directly observed by increasing area regarding coffee cultivation in the
project sites. The farmers to farmers' dissemination of technology, changing the attitude of farmers, up-scaling
through co-operative basis etc. are the potential up-scaling agents in the project sites. DCPA Gulmi, famers
groups, DADO Gulmi and DADO Palpa are the key agents for dissemination of technology. The project also
tries to upscale the farmer’s knowledge and attitude towards coffee cultivation through providing the
appropriate technology.
SYNOPSIS OF PROJECT STATUS
Targeted Outputs
Broadly following four outputs are expected to achieve upon accomplishment of the study.
1. White stem borer infested area traced and stand loss quantified.
2. The bio-economics of white stem borer understand and determined.
3. Bio-rational technology to produce and market organic coffee developed and verified.
4. Mechanisms for the production technology of organic coffee generated and disseminated.
PROJECT STATUS REPORTS
Activities
1.1 Site selection and
on-farm
loss
assessment.
Progress status
Project site was selected acceding to the dominancy of farmer’s cultivation
and problems associated with CWSB. During the survey major
characteristics sites such as, aspect, altitude, longitudes were also recorded
and infestation of WSB was determined by visual observation. In general,
the infestation level of WSB was determined in terms of percentage losses
in the field. Farmer and study team also performed participatory field
observations. Major parameters discussed were, coffee cultivation practices,
behavior of coffee stem borer, exiting losses due to pest and their
management.
1.2
Assessme
nt of farmers (KAP)
for
coffee
pest
management
This study was carried out using informant survey (KIS) with an objectives
to explore the status of coffee cultivation with due emphasis on white stem
borer (WSB) problem in the study sites. Representative farmers were
participated in the discussion. Farmers were selected on the basis of the
information provided by district coffee producer association (DCPA) and
coffee growers in the district.
The
damaging
species of
white
stem
borers are
identified
by
observing the trend of insect population in monitoring traps. Particularly,
the adult is the coleopteran borer and consists of white band in its elytra.
The adult laid the eggs in bark or crevices of bark during early monsoon
(Jestha to Asar) and late monsoon (Bhadra to Kartik). Eggs are laid from
1and ½ fit above soil surface in plant bark.
• From egg to adult, the duration for development takes place 6, 12, 18
months or 2 years. These are confirmed based on the adult flight that
occurred during those months.
2.1
Identify
damaging species of
white stem borer and
devise
suitable
trapping methods.
2.2 Identify biology
and bio -economics
of white stem borers
and
develop
sustainable control
method.
Remarks
The loss
by
insect alone has
been
reported
from 58-90% in
the
farmers
fields.
But
CWSB
alone
damage
upto
25%
in
the
Gulmi and Palpa
districts.
The output of the
activities
was
published in the
Plant Protection
journal of Nepal.
Adult,
5-6
stagers
larvae
were the most
damaging stage
of borer.
More than 100
eggs laid in
batches
were
found on the
bark of coffee
trees.
Larval
stage:
within
about a week
3
larvae
hatch
from eggs and
start
making
tunnels into the
stems
and
sometimes into
the roots.
EGGS
(~ 7 days)
I
II
III
IV
Larvae
V
Life cycle White stem borer
VI
Adult
Pupa
2.3 Identification of
the alternate hosts
crop or tree plants to
coffee stem borer in
the damaging sites.
The possible host crops of CWSB were found to
be banana, Jackfruit, Chiur, Guava, Bedulo,
Khanayo, Chilaune, Bohari, Mulberry, Bamboo,
Badahar, Nepier, Sugarcane, Koiralo, Katus and
citrus which are nerby the coffee orchard.
Jackfruits,
Bedulo,
Mulberry were
the potential host
crops.
3.1 development of
biorational
technology
for
managing
coffee
stem borer.
Cattle urine mixed with Agave leaf extracts has
resulted more healthy plants as compared to rest of
the treatments. The result might be due to repealing
effect of the materials against adult beetles,
however, it is still not clear about the materials or
constituents present in the composition. The
scrubbing should be very gentle and the oil may be
slightly painted on the scrubbed parts. The sticky
materials (mouse catcher) served as effective trapping materials of the
adults during peak adult's flight.
In order to known the varietal reaction to coffee
white stem borer, commercially established
coffee varieties like Selection-10, Tekasik,
Pakamara, Kaberi and some local varieties were
observed to identify their susceptibility.
Painting the stem
with servo oil,
shade
management,
and rubbing the
stem with jute is
the
proper
management
methods.
3.2 Study on the
effect of Variety to
white stem borer
infestation.
Selection
10,
Tekashik
and
Pakamara were
the
potential
variety
3.3 Study the effect
of shade
Based on the infestation of CWSB and wilted plants, banana and jackfruits
are regarded suitable shade plants over other shade plants. So far possible,
growing of these crops are suggested to the coffee growers. The possible
reasons might be due to dense foliage and coverage to the plants as the
insect prefers laying eggs in an exposed area.
Banana
and
Jackfruits are the
potential shade
plants
4.1 establishment of
the
micro
plot
demonstration
The major activities under this demo plot are some how tolerant varieties to
white stem borer, sticky traps, spray of servo engine oils and scrubbing of
the stems by jute sacks and red soil. The objective of this demo is to
Micro-plot
demonstration of
dissemination of
4
4.2 Tailor
training
made
demonstrate the effectiveness of the experiment to the farming community
in and around the area so that they will adopt the good practice in their area.
This activity has been continued.
finding
Training regarding the quality and quantity coffee production has been
conducting for wider dissemination of finding to the stakeholders
Training
different
farmers
technical
officers.
4.3
Publicise
research findings in
Nepali and English
medium,
through
booklets,
journals
etc.
The research finding and experiences of farmers
were documented and booklets written in Nepali
were published and distributed to the farmers. This
material was found highly useful to the growers. The
book covers general information of stem borer, life
cycle, damage symptoms, and appropriate
management options.
for
levels
to
Published books,
journal articles
and some review
articles.
ACHIEVEMENTS / FINDINGS (IN CASE OF RESEARCH PROJECTS)
OUTPUT NO: 1
Infestation by CWSB reported up to 100% in some location of Gulmi and Palpa (. 60% infestation was
because of insect only;. About 40-50% of the coffee growing farmers of Gulmi and Palpa districts reported
that insect and diseases were the major production constrains followed shade effect. White stem borer caused
up to 77% infestation followed by 8% by fruit borer, 6% by leaf feeding insects, and so on. Because of the
hibernating feeding nature has realized very difficult to manage by external control measures. The attack of
pest was initiated only after 2 to 3 years of plantation when plants have flowers and fruits.
OUTPUT NO 2
White stem borer, Red stem borer, Mealybugs and Aphids were the major insect pest in Gulmi and Palpa
districts of Nepal. Many insect species were recorded in different time periods. Green scale and Mealy bugs
were major insect pests of coffee in high altitude areas (> 1000 m asl) of Syangja and Kavrepalanchowk.
Similarly, white stem borer and red stem borer were major in low altitude areas (< 1000 masl) . Besides, snail
was another pest of coffee cultivation.
When the adult beetle emerges from the coffee plants, they immediately mate and after mating the female
begins egg lay during October-November and April-June. Males are darker and smaller than the female white
stem borer. Mating takes place in early in morning. White Egg laid in bark Jestha to Asar and late monsoon
(Bhadra to Kartik),. The eggs hatch in about 14 days and always lay eggs in the slits of bark. Total 6 stage
(instar) larvae grow inside the coffee stem and it takes about 172 days to complete from first instar larvae to
final instar larvae. Chaitra to Asahd period is found adult emergence period. The stem borer had caused as
much as 54 exit holes on the stem of single plant. The tunnels made by borers were found tightly packed with
their excreta and they were found extended up to the root zone. Different stages of insects like, larval, pupal
and adult stages could be collected from a single plant. Grub is the damaging species. Adult and larvae were
the damaging stages of CWSB. The species of WSB was distinguished through color of fore wings as
Xylotrechus has brown fore wings with white bands and Chlorophorus has black fore wings with white bands.
Major insect pests in the study sites are listed as below.
5
X. quadripes (left to right 1-3) and C. annularis (4)
(Unknow
moth
extreme
left,
Zuzera
moth
(middle)
and
Zuzure
larva (extreme right)
About 70% of the coffee orchards were found under partial or full shade provided by fruit or fodder or timber
trees. About 30% orchards were without proper shade. Majority of shade trees was of fruits. Major shade
plants were fodder followed by banana, citrus etc and other traditional fruits. Other than fruit and fodder,
timber trees also served as shade tree for coffee orchard in some cases. Majorities of shade trees were
indigenous fodder and fruits. Half of the coffee farmers had maintained appropriate shade trees in coffee
orchard. Major shade providing plants were Ficus plants, Jackfruit, Persimmon, Guava, Avocado, Papaya,
Pigeon Pea, Kutmiro, Chanp, Kadam, Khanayo, Katush and Phalat. Banana followed by Jackfruit, Chiuri and
Bedulo, Khanayo most using shade plants in Gulmi and Palpa district.
OUTPUT NO 3:
Field sanitation, plastering with SERVO (9%), spraying botanicals and cow urine (5%) have also some effect
on borer management. Similarly, several other reports pointed out that plastering with Red soil + cattle dung +
cattle urine and scrubbing against stem with gunny bag or any course materials has some effect on borer
management. Similarly farmers has been practicing many botanical plant materials like Asuro, Titepati,
Banmara, Khiro, Siudi, Sajivan, Sisnoo, Chilaune and urine against leaf defoliating insect of coffee plants.
White sticky pheromone traps are observed as useful tools in monitoring the pest population, however, their
use may not be considered as pest control tools. Their usefulness should be linked along with other treatments
so that better results may be achieved. The Arabic varieties of coffee are found less infected due to stem borer
compared to other varieties. Therefore, their usefulness should be used in future experiments.
OUTPUT NO: 4
The finding of research is disseminated with conducting different training and workshops in the protect site.
The finding also disseminated one spot site to the students and teachers of Institute of Agriculture and Animal
Sciences, Rampur Campus. The available species of white borer is preserved in IAAS, Entomology
Laboratory. In addition to this, the finding of research is documented with publishing booklets and published
in journal articles.
6
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slknj:t'
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PP No. 602/2008/09
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)&^–^()(&$,(&$&)))@#$,
[email protected], [email protected]
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PROJECT SUMMARYS
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pTkfbsTj j[l4 u/L kf/Ljf/Ls cfodf ;'wf/ ug]{ o; cfof]hgfsf] k|d'v nIo /x]sf] 5 .
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PROJECT GOAL
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7
PROJECT PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
!_
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BENEFICIARIES
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blnt, hghflt, ul/j, l;dfGt, e'ldlxgsf] ;xeflutf klg %) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
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cGo l5d]ls uf=lj=;=x? sf] ;fy ;fy} l5d]ls lhNnfx?sf @%)) 3/w'l/ nfeflGjt x'g]5g\ .
Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVIs)
!_
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;+rfng u/]sf] x'g]5 .
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;xeflutfTds cg'udg / d'Nof+sgdf ;xeflu ePsf] x'g]5 .
UP-SCALING PATHWAYS
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s[ifs lbj;sf] cfof]hgf ul/ s[ifs dfem cfof]hgfsf] k|ltknx?sf] k|;f/ ul/Psf] lyof] To;} ul/ o; cf=j= df klg
cfof]hgfsf k|ltkmx?sf] cg';/0f tyf lj:tf/sf] nflu %) hgf s[ifsx? nfO{ lbj;df ;xefuL u/fO{g] 5 . ;xefuL
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5 . lbj;df ;xefuL x'g g;s]sf ;d'bfosf] nflu Pkm=Pd dfkm{t hfgsf/L lbO{g]5 .
cfof]hgfsf pknlAwx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ / lj:tf/ ug{sf] nflu rf}dfl;s k|ult k|ltj]bg ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx? lhNnf
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8
;]jf sfof{noaf6 ;d]t hfgsf/L pknAw ePsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} slknj:t' gZn ;'wf/ d'n ;ldlt dfkm{t klg
cfof]hgfsf ljleGg pknlAwx?sf] cGo ;d'xx?df k|rf/ k|;f/ eO{/x]sf] 5 . slknj:t' gZn ;'wf/ d'n ;ldltsf
kbflwsf/Lx?n] JoflSQut tyf ;d'xut ?kdf 5nkmn ul/ s[ifs dfem cfof]hgfsf] pknlAwsf] lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 .
Targeted Outputs:
!_
nlIft ;d'bfodf z'wf/LPsf] g:n -&% k|ltzt hflto z'4tf_ sf] cfk'lt{ / :yflgo ;fgf kz'x?df ;'wf/LPsf]
g:n4f/f g:n ;'wf/ u/L ;fgf kz'x?sf] df;' tyf ;Gtfg pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf %) k|ltzt j[l4 eO{
kf/Ljfl/s cfodf j[l4 x'g]5 .
:yflgo ;fgf kz'x?sf] ;Gtfg pTkfbg / df;' pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 u/fpgsf] nflu !^ hf]8L of]s{;fo/ hftsf]
j+u'/ / #^ j6f :yflgo :t/sf] ;'wfl/Psf] u'0f:t/o'Qm af]sf4f/f k|hgg\ eO{ k7f kf7L hGdLPsf 5g\ . pQm kf7f kf7Lx?df
%) k|ltzt hflto z'4tf sfod ePsf] 5 / hGdLPsf kf7Lx?df k'g M pQm u'0f:tl/o efn]x? 4f/f k|hgg\ eO{;s]sf]n]
cfufld bf];|f] k":tfdf &% k|ltzt hflto z'4tf sfod x'g]5 . j+u'/ pkxf/ of]hgf @^ 3/w'/Ldf nfu' ePsf] 5 . af]sf
tyf j+u'/sf] nflu ;'wfl/Psf] %@ j6f vf]/ ;d]t lgdf{0f eO{;s]sf] 5 .
@_
;fgf kz'x?sf] pTkfbsTj a[l4sf] nflu pGgt 3f“; -asfO{gf], O{lkn–O{lkn, lsDa", lk8fn' jf t?n_Aofj:yfkg
ePsf] x'g] .
af]sf tyf afv|fsf] nflu #=(& x]S6/df 8fn] 3f; k|j4g / j+u'/sf] nflu !=^ x]S6/df lk8fn' / t?nsf] k|j4g
ePsf] lyof] ut cf=j=df !=*( x]= df nufO{Psf] lk8fn'jf6 %&) lSj6n lk8fn'sf] pTkfbg ePsf] 5 . afv|fx?sf]
cfxf/sf] nflu #=(& x]S6/df nufO{Psf] asfO{gf], lsDj' / O{lkn O{lkn cfufdL jif{b]lv 3f; pTkfbg lng ;lsg] cj:yfdf
/x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ pTkfbg ePsf] %&) lSj6n lk8fn' dWo] !@ So'= lk8fn'sf] lap !=^ x]=df o; jif{ nufO{Psf] 5 . afls
%%* lSj6n lk8fn'n] !# 3/w'/Lsf k|lt 3/w'/L @ hf]8L a+u'/sf] nflu !) dlxgfsf] nflu bfgf v'jfpg k'u]sf] 5 .
#_
;d'bfo4f/f pTkflbt ;fgf kz'x?sf] z'wf/LPsf] g:n / ;fgf kz'x?sf] ahf/ Aofj:yfkg ;xsf/L ;+:yf / d'n
;ldltjf6 ePsf] x'g] . ;fy} ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 ljz]if u/L dlxnf ;b:ox? ;xsfo{sf] efjgfn] ;fgf kz'x?sf] g:n
z'wf/sf] ;fy;fy} s[lif tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;ls|o ?kdf ;xeflu ePsf] x'g] .
nlIft ;d'bfosf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ a:t'x? - kz' cfxf/, le6fldg / cGo cf}iflbx?_ / ;d'bfo4f/f pTklbt
!&$ j6f af]sfx? / !)$^ j6f j+u'/sf kf7fkf7Lsf] ;kmntfk'j{s ahf/ Aofj:yfkg ;xsf/L ;+:yf / slknj:t' gZn
;'wf/ d'n ;ldlt4f/f eO{/x]sf] 5 .
kz' pTkfbsf] ahf/ Aofj:yfkg ug{ slknj:t' gZn ;'wf/ d'n ;ldtsf] ljwfg tof/ eO{ btf{ ;d]t eO{;s]sf]
5 . ;d'x, d'n ;ldlt / ;xsf/Ldf ;d]t &% k|ltzt dlxnfx?sf] jrt ;+sng, kl/rfng / gZn z'wf/sf] If]qdf ;ls|o
;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .
$_
;fgf kz'x?sf] hLjg jLdf–ul/ hLjg ;'/lIft ePsf] x'g] .
%_
;|f]t AoflSt / ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] ljsf; x'g] .
^_
Ifdtf clej[l4 / ;+:yfut ljsf; x'g] .
cfof]hgfaf6 ljt/0f ePsf ;Dk'0f{ j+u'/, af]sfx? / j+u'/ pkxf/ of]hgfaf6 ljt/0f ul/Psf j+u'/sf kf7f kf7Lx?
s[lif a=p= ;xsf/L ;+:yf=ln n] kz' aLdf ;+rfng sfo{ljlw –@)^^ nfu' ul/ ;f]lx sfo{ljlw cg'?k ljdf ul/;s]sf] ;fy}
;d'bfodf ePsf cGo kz'x?df ;d]t ladf ug]{ sfd ;+rfng eO{/x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfaf6 ljt/0f ul/Psf $ a6f af]sf /
$ j6f j+u'/sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . @ j6f af]sf cg'Tkfbs ePsf 5g\ . j+u'/ pkxf/ of]hgf af6 ljt/0f ul/Psf $ j6f
j+u'/sf] ;d]t d[To' ePsf] 5 . d[To' ePsf ;Dk'0f{ kz'x?sf] kz' aLdf ;+frfng sfo{ljlw –@)^^ cg'?k ^) k|ltzt
Ifltk'lt{ k|bfg ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
;|f]ts]Gb|sf] ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu @ hgfn] u|f=k=:jf=sfo{stf{sf] tflnd ;DkGg ul/ ;fd'bflos e]6 lSnlgs
;+rfng ul/ ;s]]sf 5g\ ;fy} cGo b'O{ uf=lj=;=df ;d]t Pu|f]e]6n] ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf]n] cfof]hgf ;+rflnt If]qdf kz'
:jf:Yo ;]jf k|efjsf/L ePsf] 5 .
s[ifs :tl/o tflnd lkmN8df g} Jofjx/Ls ?kn] ;DkGg eO{;s]]sf]n] s[ifsx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf] 5 ;fy}
d'n ;ldltdf kbflwsf/Lx? ;d]t ;xeflutfTds cg'udg tyf cfGtl/s d'Nof+sg k4ltdf ;fd]n ePsf]n] / cGo
ljleGg uf]li7 tyf 5nkmndf ;d]t ;xeflu ePsf]n] d'n ;ldlt tyf ;d'xx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; x'b} ;d]t uPsf] 5 .
9
Project Status Reports:
Activities
Progress status
Remarks
!=!_;fgf kz'x? -af]sf / @)^^kmfNu'gdf ;DkGg -j+u'/ )^^sflQsdf / af]sf )^^
a+u'/_ ljt/0f
kmfNu'gdf ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof]_ . ;fgf kz'x? -af]sf / a+u'/_
ljt/0f ug]{ sfd ;kmntf k'j{s ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] / xfn
ljt/0f ul/Psf ;Dk'0f{ af]sf tyf j+u'/n] ;le{; k|bfg ul//x]sf
5g\ / d'n ;ldltn] cGt k|hgg\ /f]Sgsf] nflu cf=j=@)^&÷)^*
sf] bf];|f] rf}dfl;sdf af]sfx? Pp6f ;d'x af6 csf]{ ;d'xdf
kl/jt{g u/]sf] 5 .
!=@_Aoal:yt ;'wfl/Psf] cfof]hgf af6 ljt/0f ul/Psf ;fgf kz'x?sf] nflu @)^^
vf]/ lgdf{0f
kmfNu'gdf ;DkGg -j+u'/sf] nflu )^^ sflQsdf / af]sfsf] nflu
)^^ kmfNu'gdf lgdf0f{ ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] lyof]_ . bf];|f]
jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlwdf j+u'/ pkxf/ of]hgfsf] nflu @^
j6f vf]/ cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws / s[ifsx?sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] / ;d'xsf cGo ;b:ox?nfO{ a+u'/sf] vf]/
agfpgsf] nflu cfaZos k|fljlws ;xof]u cfof]hgf l6d4f/f
lg/Gt/ ?kdf eO{/x]sf] 5 .
!=#_j+u'/ pkxf/ of]hgfaf6 cf=j=@)^&÷)^*sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s -@)^& sflQs_ cjlwdf
j+u'/ ljt/0f .
@^ 3/w'/LnfO{ j+u'/ pkxf/ of]hgf af6 j+u'/sf] kf7f kf7L ljt/0f
ul/Psf] lyof] / j+u'/ pkxf/ of]hgf af6 #@ 3/w'/L nfO{ kf7f
kf7L ljt/0f ug]{ nIo /x]klg # j6f j+u'/sf] d[To' ePsf]n] /
Ifltk'lt{ k|bfg ul/ k'gM vl/b ePsf j+u'/x? JofO{ g;s]sf] x'gfn]
^ j6f 3/w'/LnfO{ pQm rf}dfl;sdf kf7f kf7L ljt/0f ug{
;lsPsf] lyPg .
@=!_3f“; k|j{4g
af]sf tyf afv|fsf] nflu %=(& x]S6/df 8fn] 3f; k|j4g /
j+u'/sf] nflu !=^ x]S6/df lk8fn' / t?nsf] k|j4g ug]{ nIo
/x]klg 8fn] 3f; -asfO{gf], O{lkn–O{lkn,lsDa'_ #=(& x]S6/df /
j+u'/sf] nflu !=*( x]S6/df lk8fn'sf] k|j4g ePsf] lyof] . ;fy}
;d'bfodf ePsf] cGo 3f;sf] sf6 5f6 / ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{ ;d]t
eO{/x]sf] 5 . cf=j=@)^&÷)^* df !=^ x]=df lk8fn'sf]sf] k|j4g
ePsf] 5 .
cf=j=@)^&÷)^*,sf]
t];|f] rf}dfl;s df ^
3/w'/LnfO{
ljt/0f
ul/g]5 .
#=!_ d'n ;ldlt u7g / @)^^ ebf} #) df slknj:t' gZn z'wf/ d'n ;ldlt u7g eO{ lhNnf
l:yt
;+rfng
@)^^ kmfNu'gdf d'n ;dlt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, slknj:t' lgsfPx?sf] sf/0fn]
df btf{ eO{;s]sf] 5 .
btf{ l7nf] ePsf] lyof]
.
$=!_ ;fgf kz'x?sf] jLdf cfof]hgf cGt{ut ljt/0f ul/Psf j+u'/sf] @)^^ sflQsdf, cGo cfof]hgf If]qdf
ug]{
af]sfsf] @)^^ kmfNu'gdf / j+u'/ pkxf/ of]hgfaf6 ljt/0f ePsf ;fgf kz'x?sf]
ul/Psf j+u'/sf @^ hf]8L kf7f kf7Lsf] s[ifsx?n] g} lk|ldod lg/Gt/ aLdf x'g] sfd
a'emfpg] u/L kz' ljdf ;+rfng sfo{ljlw @)^^ cg';f/ @)^& eO{/x]sf] 5 .
sflQsdf ljdf ug]{ sfo{ ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . xfn
;Dd cfof]hgf af6 ljt/0f ul/Psf $ a6f af]sf / * a6f
j+u'/sf] d[To' ePsf] / @ j6f af]sf cg'Tkfbs ePsf]n] ;DjlGwt
;d'xx?nfO{ kz' ljdf ;+rfng sfo{ljlw @)^^ cg'?k Ifltk'lt{
k|bfg ul/ ;lsPsf] 5 .
%=!_ @ hgfnfO{ u|f=k=:jf= @)^^ ebf}df #% lbg] u|fld0f kz' :jf:Yo sfo{stf{sf] tflnd
sfo{stf{ tflnd
;kmntf k'j{s ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] / xfn ;Dd b'a} hgf
u|f=k=:jf= sfof{stf{n] cfof]hgf If]q / ;6]sf uf=lj=;= df kz'
:jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
10
Activities
Progress status
%=@_ $ j6f e]6]l/g]l/ @)^^ sflQsdf ;Dk'0f{ lSnlgs x?nfO{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf
lSnlgs ;+rfng
sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/; cg';f/ cfly{s ;xof]u ul/Psf] lyof] .
sf]kjf uf=lj=; df l:yt Pp6f ;fd'bflos e]6 lSnlgs ;+rfng
ul//x]sf] u|f=k=:jf=sf=n] kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx ug{ g;s]sf]n]
df]ltk'/ #, jgufO{sf] :yfflgo u|f=k=:jf=sf=af6 kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf
k|jfx eO{/x]sf] 5 .
^=!=!_ ;fgf kz'x?sf] @)^^ c;f]hdf ;kmntf k'j{s ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] / tflnd
gZn ;'wf/ 3f“; k|j{4g :yflgo :t/d} Jofjxfl/s tl/sfn] k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . tflnd
;DjlGw tflnd .
$ uf=lj=; df !( k6s #* lbg ;Dd ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .
^=!=@_;d'x / ;xsf/L @)^^ ebf}df ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . tflnd $
Jofj:yfkg ;DjlGw tflnd uf=lj=; df !( k6s #* lbg ;Dd ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .
^=@_ljleGg uf]li7x?
^=@=!_cled'lvs/0f uf]li7 @)^^ ;fpgdf ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
^=@=@_;fj{hlgs ;fdflhs jflif{s cfly{s tyf k|fljlws k|ultsf] ;fj{hlgs/0f @)^& c;f/
kl/If0f
dlxgfdf ul/Psf] lyof] . cfufdL ;fj{hlgs ;dflhs kl/If0f
@)^* c;f/ dlxgfdf sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .
^=@=#_ s[ifs lbj; / cf=j=@)^^÷)^& sf] s[ifs lbj; @)^& c;f/ dlxgfdf ;DkGg
Pkm=Pd 4f/f k|;f/0f
ePsf] lyof] / bf];|f] cf=j=@)^&÷)^*sf] c;f/ dlxgfdf
sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .
^=@=$_sfo{s|d x:tfGt/0f bf];|f] jif{-cf=j@)^&÷)^*_=sf] t];|f] rf}dfl;s -@)^* cf;f/_ df
;DkGg x'g] .
&_ cg'udg / d'No+fsg
@)^^kmfNu'g !* / !( ut] lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfo{no,
slknj:t'sf sfof{no k|d'v >L /fh ls;f]/ ofbj Ho' af6,
@)^^ sflQs !^ ut] gf8]{km,sf7df8f}+sf df6f] a}1flgs >L leid
l3ld/] Ho' 4f/f, @)^&c;f]h @@ ut]sf lbg gf8]{km, sf7df8f}+sf
jl/i6 sfo{s|d clws[t >L ;+s/ ;fksf]6f Ho' 4f/f, @)^*a}iffs
!! / !@ ut]sf lbg gf8]{km, sf7df8f}+sf s[lif clws[t >L
8f=k|a]h cfnd 4f/f cg'udg / d'Nofsg ePsf] lyof] . cGo
ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf x?af6 klg ;do ;dodf cg'udg /
d'Nof+sg eO{ cfof]hgf l6d tyf ;+:yf nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug]{
sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 .
*_ k|ltj]bg
k|To]s rf}dfl;sdf lgoldt ?kdf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L gf8]{km,
sf7df8f}+, lh=k=;]=sf=slknj:t' / l8=;=sf=, slknj:t'df lbg]
sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 .
(_cGo ;3+;+:yf
;+u lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfjZostf cg';f/ kz' ljsf; kmfd{, lhNnf kz'
;d+Gjog
;]jf sfof{no / cGo lglh ;+:yf ;+u ;dGj+og eO{/x]sf] 5 .
Remarks
k|To]s
rf}dfl;sdf
cfof]hgf
;+of]hs,
d'n ;ldlt / ;+:yfsf]
sfo{;ldlt4f/f
lgoldt
?kdf
cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg
/ d'Nof+sg ePsf] 5.
ACHIEVEMENTS :
¾ o; cfof]hgfdf dlxnf ;xeflutf %) k|ltzt x'g] nIo /x]sf]df ;d'x tyf ;xsf/Ldf art ;+sng /
kl/rfngdf &% k|ltzt, ljleGg uf]li7Lx?df $% k|ltzt, ;d'x, d'n ;ldlt / ;xsf/Lsf] sfo{;ldlt tyf cGo
dxTjk'0f{ kbdf #% k|ltzt lkmN8df g} ul/g] gZn z'wf/ ;DjlGw ljleGg s[ofsnfksf] sfof{Gjogdf &%
k|ltzt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .
¾ u'0f:t/o'Qm af]sfx?4f/f xfn ;Dd !^(& j6f afv|fdf k|hgg\ eO{;s]sf] 5g\ . h;dWo] &%) afv|fx? JofO{
!$)$ j6f kf7f kf7L hGdLPsf 5g\ . hlGdPsf ;Dk'0f{ kf7f kf7LDff %) k|ltzt hflto z'4tf sfod ePsf]
5 . k|yd k':tfdf hlGdPsf !(@ j6f kf7Lx? k'gM u'0f:tl/o af]sf4f/f k|hgg\ eO{;s]sf 5g\ . klxnf] k':tfsf
kf7Lx? k'gM k|hgg\ eO{;s]sf]n] cfufdL @)^* c;f/ dlxgf b]vL &% k|ltzt hflto z'4tf ePsf kf7f kf7Lsf]
hGd x'g]5 .
11
¾ xfn ;Dd ;d'x leq !** j+u'/ k|hgg\ eO{ !$# j6f j+u'/ JofO{;s]sf 5g\ . h;jf6 ^(( kf7f / ^^# kf7L u/L
s'n hDdf !#^@ j6f kf7f kf7Lsf] hGdLPsf]df !)$^ j6f j+u'/ lals| eO{;s]sf] 5 . To;} ul/ ;d'x aflx/ @%%
k|hgg\ ePsf j+u'/ dWo] @!! j+u'/ JofO{;s]sf 5g\ . h;jf6 !(*( j6f kf7f kf7L hlGdPsf]df !%%) j6f kf7f
kf7L lals| eO{;s]sf] 5 .
¾ xfn ;Dd :yfgLo afv|faf6 klxnf] k':tfdf hlGdPsf !&$j6f kf7f kf7Lsf] lalsaf6 / !^(& j6f afv|fdf
k|hgg\ eP jfkt cz'n ePsf] k|hgg\ z'Ns af6 ? !$=*! cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . o;/L afv|f kfns s[ifsx?sf]
nflu k|lt 3/w'/L ? $!!$=@# kfl/jfl/s cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . eg] j+u'/ kfns s[ifsx?n] ;d'x leq ? #%=^(
nfv / ;d'x aflx/ ? #*=&% nfv cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . o;/L xfn ;Dd ;d'x leq k|lt 3/w'/L ? #!=*& xhf/
kfl/jfl/s cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 .
¾ cfof]hgf z'? ug'{ eGbf klxnf o; If]qdf j+u'/sf kf7f kf7Lx?df d[To' b/ !%–@) k|ltzt /x]sf]df xfn pQm
d[To' b/ !)=*)# k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 .
¾ o; If]qdf cfof]hgfsf] z'?df cf}ift # j6f afv|fx? kfNg] u/]sf]df xfn cf}ift $j6f k|lt 3/w'/L afv|f kfNg]
u/]sf 5g\ h;sf sf/0f o; If]qdf afv|f kfns s[ifssf] ;fy} afv|fx?sf] ;+Vofdf @% k|ltzt a[l4 ePsf] 5 .
¾ af]sf tyf afv|fsf] nflu #=(& x]S6/df 8fn] 3f; k|j4g / j+u'/sf] nflu cf=j=@)^^÷)^& df !=^ x]S6/df /
o; cf=j=@)^&÷)^* df !=^ x]S6/df lk8fn'sf] k|j4g ePsf] 5 . ut cf=j=df !=*( x]= df nufO{Psf]
lk8fn'jf6 %&) lSj6n lk8fn'sf] pTkfbg ePsf] 5 . pQm lk8fn'n] j+u'/sf] *) k|ltzt cfxf/f k'/f u/]sf] 5 .
¾ $ uf=lj=;=sf] nflu ! j6f slknj:t' gZn ;'wf/ d'n ;ldltsf] :yfkgf, btf{ / ;+rfng ePsf] 5 , &% k|ltzt
dlxnf4f/f ;d'x tyf ;xsf/Ldf jrt ;+sng tyf kl/rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;fy} ;xsf/L ,d'n ;ldlt /
;d'xsf] dxTjk'0f{ kb-cWoIf,sf]ifWoIf / ;lrj_ df ;d]t dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .
¾ slknj:t' gZn ;'wf/ d'n ;ldlt4f/f s'n !@@) j6f af]sf / j+u'/sf kf7f kf7Lx?sf] ;fy} ;fgf kz'x?sf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg bfgf, cf}iflwx?sf] ;kmntfk'j{s ahf/ Jofj:yfkg u/]sf] 5 .
¾ ljt/0f ul/Psf ztk|ltzt ;fgf kz'x?sf] / j+u'/ pkxf/ of]hgf cGt{ut ljt/0f ul/Psf ;Dk'0f{ j+u'/fsf kf7f
kf7Lx?sf] ;fy} ;d'bfosf cGo ;fgf kz'x?sf] aLdf ;+frfng sfo{ljlw –@)^^ cg';f/ aLdf ePsf] 5 . d[To'
ePsf / cg'Tkfbs ePsf kz'x?sf] Ifltk'lt{ klg k|bfg eO{/x]sf] 5 .
¾ @ uf=lj=;= df ;fd'bflos e]6 lSnlgs4f/f / @ uf=lj=;= df Pu|f]e]64f/f ul/ s'n $ j6f lSnlgs4f/f kz'
:jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx eO{/x]sf] 5 . @ hgf u|f=k=:jf= sfo{stf{n] nlIft 3/w'/L afx]s cGo kz'kfns 3/w'/Ldf
;d]t kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos e]6 lSnlgsx?n] nlIft ;d'xx?df &%k|ltzt 3/w'/Lsf]
kz'x?sf] pkrf/sf] ;fy} cGo kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf k|efj ul//x]sf] 5 .
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12
Project Title:
Project No:
Project Coordinator:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Collaborating
organisations:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Location of Project:
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF POST SLAUGHTER PRACTICES APPLIED
FOR EXTENDING THE SHELF LIFE OF GOAT MEAT AT SLAUGHTER AND
RETAIL MARKET
NARDF 603/2008/09
Basnet, Hom Bahadur, Ph.D. (Microbiology), Assistant Professor
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur Campus, Rampur,
Chitwan, Nepal (IAAS), Rampur Campus, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.
056-592369/591136; Mobile 9855059268
056-522245
[email protected]
None
January 01, 2010
December 31, 2012
End Date:
NRs. 29,80,237/- (Nepalese Rupees twenty nine lakhs, eighty thousands, two
hundred thirty seven only)
• Main project site: Rampur, Chitwan
• Sample Collection Sites: Goat butchers and goat meat sellers of Chitwan,
Kathmandu, Kaski, Rupandehi and Makawanpur district.
• Laboratory Analysis: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Academic
Institute
• Experimental treatments: Livestock Farm/Lab
PROJECT SUMMARY
None of Nepalese post slaughter practices have been backed up with adequate scientific researches.
So, this project targets at scientifically testing, validating and justifying the better applied practices that we
have been using around at our local circumstances. The research begins with on site sample collection of meat
and water at five major locations of hills and terai of central Nepal. The samples will be analyzed
microbiologically followed by set up and execution of the experiments at a farm condition near the lab. The
transfer of technology to the concerned stakeholders will be done via applicable media such as technical
papers/articles/reports for the scientific communities; posters and pictorial presentations to the butchers and
pamphlets/leaflets/flyers to the consumers. Means of mass communication will also be used for disseminating
the outputs. The effect of the output will be seen at the field level when local goat butchers will have
uniformity in applying the scientifically proven practice and will feel the changes that will have been incurred
in the keeping quality and extended shelf life of goat meat. The prevailing situation of the microbial
contamination level in goat meat, seasonal variation will have been quantified in this research. Study also
reflects the importance of season, temperature, humidity, pH in keeping quality and self life of goat meat.
Interrelation water used during slaughter and dressing is another aspect of this study. Awareness of meat born
diseases to butchers and retailers is another aspect of this study.
BACKGROUND
No commodity can remain immune: BSE scares in beef in the UK, dioxin worries in chicken from Europe, E.
coli contamination in meat processed from Vancouver, staphylococcus contamination of milk in Japan and
residues of pesticides in organic tea and honey from Nepal. Animals are slaughtered locally and without any
regulated inspection practices in Nepal. Different practices are used on the goat carcase in spite of none of
them having any strong scientific foundation to prove their efficacy in terms of their ability to decrease the
microbial load in meat and at the same time increase the shelf life of such meat. Food producers, whether it be
those that work on-farm or at the processing plants, have a moral and legal obligation to ensure that their
products are safe and hazards free.
Majority of Nepalese citizens are Hindu and are religiously bound to eat goat meat which is considered as a
delicacy in Nepalese setting. In order to increase the self life and retain the meat quality, post slaughter
practices such as application of ash with turmeric powder, oil and turmeric powder, or ash and turmeric
13
powder cooked in oil and quicklime, etc., are being locally practiced, slaughtering either by Jhatka and Halal
method. The slaughtered goat is then either deskined or kept intact on the slaughter table or by hanging on the
horizontal bar. Sometimes carcase is sold as parts made into heaps of flesh including the meat and viscera
which is by most of the butchers covered by wet pieces of clothes. Very few of the butchers keep the carcase
in the freezer before sale.
It also creates the strong viable market of meat through consumers’ confidence and provides a better quality
product consistently. Study finally adds to food safety ensuring the availability of quality meat using the
existing post slaughter practices of meat/carcase preservation.
Although many traditional meat preservation and processing techniques are used by Nepalese people and
butchers to increase the shelf-life of the meat, still it is unclear which method is better. Moreover, Nepalese
people and butchers in general are not aware of meat quality assurance. There are many micro-organisms that
cause spoilage in meat, reduce the shelf life and quality as well. Till now it is the hidden cause of meat
deterioration. The main purpose of this project is to assess the different post slaughter practices related to goat
meat before, during and after sales. Moreover the study will enumerate the bacterial load and evaluate the
influence of temperature, humidity, seasonal influence and geographical location on the quality of goat meat.
One of the biggest factors encouraging the food industry to adopt quality assurance programs is the shift in
public attitude and awareness of their food. After adoption of better practice supply of quality meat products is
more consistent and end product will be of better quality. It will also eliminate the occurrence of rejected
products, reduce the quality failure costs and ultimately reduce the incidence of meat born diseases.
BENEFICIARIES
The target groups of this project to implement assessed, tested and identified practice to preserve and increase
quality and shelf life of goat meat at the goat meat butchers and meat retailers of the research site at various
locations. The primary beneficiaries of the output of the project will be the goat butchers. They will be having
an opportunity to follow the locally practiced traditional technique, justified and validated with authentic
laboratory analysis for improving the shelf-life and minimizing the quality deterioration of goat meat.
Researchers, academic institution such as IAAS/HICAST (involved in teaching, learning, research and
extension process) and quality control unit of DFTQC, DLS, NARC, post graduate and undergraduate
students of animal science, meat science and food technology will be secondary beneficiaries. Concerned
stakeholders will be benefited by one day workshop organized at project sites. The ultimate beneficiaries are
the consumers who will consume quality goat meat.
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS (OVIS)
Output 1
By the end of first year, survey of 500 goat butchers and retailers performed at the project sites
Output 2
By the end of first year, 500 meats samples (collected in triplicates) and single water samples used for
processing, will be collected from the project site and analyzed for microbial load
Output 3
By the end of second year collected 500 (250 in winter and 250 in summer) meat samples and six trial groups
(at 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours of time interval with 3 replications) of experimentally executed carcase using
different post slaughter practices studied for seasonal variation in microbial load, shelf life and keeping
quality
Output 4
Two better post slaughter practices identified on the basis of microbial load, physical characters (colour,
smell, appearance etc) of meat. By the end of project; 125 butchers of project sites adopted the tested,
identified, and disseminated practices. Better post slaughter practices of goat meat will be disseminated
through training, workshop, seminar, technical papers booklet, pamphlet/leaflets/flyers, posters, and mass
media like newspaper, radio, FM, TV etc.
14
UP-SCALING PATHWAYS
The promotional pathways for the uptake of research results are the existing extension network of
DFTQC, DLSO, municipality, butchers association, consumers’ forum and Directorate of Extension and
Social Mobilization of IAAS and similar responsible departments of other academic institutes like HICAST
and Nepal Polytechnic Institute, Bhojad Chitwan.
The practice which will evaluate and test for its efficacy increasing the self life and keeping quality
of goat meat will minimize the microbial load and finally increase consumer’s preference for the quality goat
meat. It will in turn decrease the human health hazard related to meat born zoonoses.
The findings of the research on better practices of goat meat processing and preservation will be
disseminated through, workshop, visits, publication, mass media (FM, radio and newspaper), training,
technical report, leaflet/pamphlets/flyers. It will create awareness and interest among butchers, consumers’
forum, extension and development agencies and researchers about the adoption of better indigenous
techniques. The DLSO, DLS and municipality will be involved in all workshop/training, field visits to share
the output of the project.
Targeted Outputs:
The project aims at recommending a better post slaughter practices of goat meat by comparing various
such practices being used locally at the project sites and by performing a lab analysis of those practices (in
replication) to arrive at a justifiable results which will be made available to key individuals and organizations.
The output will quantify the influence of various practices on the holding time, shelf life, and quality
deterioration of goat meat by various factors. Different factors like temperature, humidity, pH, season and
slaughtering practices will als0 have significant role in keeping quality and self life of meat. The tangible
implication will be regarded as the adoption of the prescribed methodology which will be found to maximize
the shelf life under local conditions and minimize the meat quality deterioration due to microbial
contamination. The butchers will be happy to adopt such techniques. Extension materials such as pamphlets,
brochures and booklets will be produced and distributed among the butchers of project site. The following
four outputs are expected to achieve the purpose of the project.
Output 1
Existing common post slaughter practices in Chitwan, Kathmandu, Kaski, Makawanpur and Rupandehi
(project sites) assessed
Output 2
Effect of humidity, pH & temperature during sample collection on the microbial load, food quality,
safety (microbial contamination) and shelf life of goat meat originating from goats of hills and terai, preserved
using various techniques and microbial load of water samples collected from project sites assessed
Output 3
Microbial contamination and seasonal variation of goat meat processed with local practices; is
identified by experimental execution in the lab/farm setting. Effect of temperature, humidity and pH also
identified. Shelf life test and quality control tests also performed simultaneously.
Output 4
Assessed, tested, and identified better post slaughter practices with regards to goat meat disseminated
PROJECT STATUS REPORTS:
Activities
1.1 Review of the articles and preparing project’s strategic
norms to implement activities
1.2 Preliminary meeting and site selection to identify
prevalent post slaughter practices of goat meat in butcher
and retailer
1.3 Visit to goat meat butchers and baseline questionnaire
survey at research sites
1.4 Training and orientation about the project concept to the
Progress status
Completed
in
April, 2010
Completed
in
April, 2010
Remarks
Completed
April, 2010
Completed
in
Butchers reluctant to
share information
in
Program was effective but
15
participants in project sites and academic institutions
2.1 Sample collection with reference to existing post
slaughter goat meat dressing practices
August, 2010
Completed
in
December, 2010
2.2 Microbial investigation of goat meat through total viable
count, Coliform and Enterococcosal count, and
identification of E. coli, Salmonella sps, Enterococci sps
and Campylobacter sps.
2.3 Microbial investigation of water used for cleaning and
sanitation and finding seasonal variation
3.1 Meeting for monitoring and evaluation and to determine
norms and regulation for further experiment
3.2 Selection and purchase of experimental castrated male
goats
3.3 Setting of the experiments and its execution in the
lab/livestock farm in summer
3.4 Re-perform the microbial study, and perform the quality
and shelf life test in summer.
3.5 Setting of the experiments and its execution in the
lab/livestock farm in winter
3.6 Re-perform the microbial study, and perform the quality
and shelf life tests in winter.
4.1 Review of the second year and analysis of the
information and technical findings for generation of
scientific output
4.2 Training, seminars and workshop about the project
output to the concerned stakeholders
Completed
4.3 Selection of participating butchers for implementation
of the results
4.4 Review overall project activities and record keeping
4.5 Publication
expectation of daily allounce
Reluctant to provide meat
and
water
sample/expectation of result
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Ongoing
Targeted
for
May-August
2012
Targeted
for
May-August
2012
Ongoing
Ongoing
ACHIEVEMENTS / FINDINGS
1. Almost all butchers (more than 91%) purchase male goat for the meat from other and very few (less
than 4%) goats are from their own. Meat seller from Chitwan , Kathmandu and Rupandehi sells
about 40% of local goat meat and where as meat seller from Makawanpur and Kaski sell almost
80% local goat meat. About 21% of meat seller sells both local and exotic goat meat.
2. Butchers from Kathmandu applied Jhatka method mostly (89%) where as Butcher from Rupandehi
and Kaski apply Halal (74 and 71%) method of slaughtering. Butcher from Makawanpur apply both
method (33%) significantly, where as Buther from Chitwan apply other methods (27%) along with
Halal method (38%) and Jhatka (34%) slaughtering methods.
3. Majority of the butcher from Chitwan, Kathmandu, Rupandehi and Kaski answered that they dispose
affected part only if they observe abnormality in any organ or part, where as butchers from Chitwan
(5%), Kaski (2%) and Kathmandu (1%) told that they dispose the entire carcass if they found
abnormality in organ /part after slaughter.
4. Majority of the butchers from study area do not treat water with any chemicals or sanitizer only few
butchers from Chitwan (14%), Kathmandu 11%, Rupandehi (4%), Makawanpur (3%) and Kaski
(1%) treat water used in meat. Potash (potassium permagnate) was used by some butchers to treat
water. Some butcher told that they have been using filter water to clean carcass.
16
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Majority of the butchers from all study sites have been using Surf and soap to clean meat soap floor;
most of them use surf and soap separately where as some of them use in combination. Very
surprising thing is that 14% of butcher of Kathmandu do not use any cleaning chemical to clean floor
of goat meat soap.
Butcher from Chitwan (61%), Makawanpur (52%), Rupandehi(39%), Kathmandu (34%) and Kaski
(23%) use fly repellent to control the flies on meat and meat shop.
Butchers from Makawanpur and Rupandehi clean meat soap floor everyday where as butchers from
Kathmandu (97%), Kaski (95%) and Chitwan (92%) clean their meat soap floor daily and rest of
others weekly.
Majority of the butcher from Kathmandu (83%), Kaski(63%), Makawanpur(49%), Rupandehi (44%)
and Chitwan (40%) display meat on table top, where as Makawanpur (52%), Rupandehi (50%),
Chitwan (39%), Kaski (31%) and Kathmandu (9%) display goat meat by hanging.
In Pokhara (Kaski) and Kathmandu 15% and 13% meat seller store meat till 36 hours in winter
respectively where as in summer 2% and 3% meat seller only store unsold meat till 36 hours. Meat
sellers of Rupandehi and Makawanpur do not store unsold meat more than 12 hours in summer but
7% of Makawanpur meat seller store unsold meat till 24 hours where as Rupandehi goat meat seller
do not store more than 12 hours. Majority of meat seller do not store unsold meat more than 12 hours
either in winter or in summer.
More than 91% of meat seller from all study area use fridge to store unsold meat and very few meat
seller (3%) store unsold meat in normal place and others.
In over all knowledge of zoonotic diseases with meat sellers of study area is very poor. Kaski (95%),
Kathmandu (92%), Rupandehi (91%), Makawanpur (85%) and chitwan (72%) meat seller do not
have knowledge of zoonosis. Among the study area 28% of meat sellers of Chitwan, 15% of
Makawanpur and below 10% of Rupandehi, Kathmandu and Kaski have knowledge of zoonotic
diseases.
Meat sellers of Rupandehi (39%), Chitwan (25%), Makawanpur ((24%), Kaski (10%) and
Kathmandu (3%) removes skin of carcass and 52% of Makawanpur, 46% of chitwan, 44% of
Rupandehi, 23% of Kathmandu and 8% of Kaski meat seller apply skin application on the dressed
carcass.
Most of the meat seller apply skin application for good appearance followed by killing microbes,
prevent drying, to make tasty and to burn hair. Kski and Makawanpur meat sellers also focused skin
application against drying and meat seller Kathmandu also focused on taste of meat a cause of skin
application. Meat sellers of Rupandehi, Chitwan, Makawanpur and Kathmandu focused the cause of
skin application is to kill microbes.
A total of seven trainings cum survey report sharing program in different project sites (Kathmandu,
Kaski, Makawanpur, Rupandehi and Chitwan) and academic institutions (IAAS and HiCAST) were
conducted to aware about the projects to Goat meat sellers, District livestock Service office and
municipality staff as well as students, staff and teachers. A total of about 600 participants were
participated in the training in an average of about 85 participants in each training. Food technologist
from Department of Food technology and Quality Control (DFTQC) were present in all trainings
except at HiCAST in Sanothimi, Bhaktapur. Experts disseminated the knowledge and skills required
for goat meat sellers to the participants. Almost all team members and veterinarians from the district
livestock service Office and other organizations were participated and shared their knowledge in the
training. Power Point Presentation of the survey report, analysis of that survey report, clearing
concept of the project to the participants were beautiful parts of the training. Interaction with the
participants from Kathmandu, Pokhara and Chitwan was highly appreciable. Participation of chief of
DLSO from all project sites during the training as well as Dean of IAAS, Campus chief of Rampur
campus, Director of veterinary program of HiCAST and acting chief of Bharatpur Municipality were
also appreciable parts of the training at that sites.
It was an excellent program which could deliver message to Meat Seller of Project sites, and
teachers, staff and students of veterinary academic institutions about facts happening in five major
districts representing major cities and Terai about meat production as well as how to improve
17
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
procedure (Meat Chain) to produce and supply quality meat. Orientation training and survey report
sharing was satisfactorily completed.
For microbial investigation sample collection and laboratory work from all five districts has been
completed.
More than 85% of water sample collected from experimental sites were contaminated and 100% of
meat sample was having one or other type of bacteria.
Male goats have been already purchased to execute experimental work at lab for microbial
investigation and self life of meat.
Experimental Study in summer indicates that microbial load is being increased as the duration of
storage increased when carcase was kept room temperature (outside) where as microbial load is
almost same when it is kept in refrigerator.
Odor and flavor of meat kept in deep freeze was almost no change when it was kept 24 hours in deep
freeze but hardness, and exudativeness increased when it was kept in room temperature during
summer.
Panel test of cooked meat in summer reveals that there was no significant decrease or increase in
juiciness, odor, flavor and tenderness even it was kept for 24 hours in deep freeze where as in case of
meat kept in room temperature; odor and tenderness increased but juiciness remained almost same.
Preference of deep freeze meat was higher but it was negative in majority members in case of meat
kept in room temperature.
Panel test result of raw meat in summer revels that meat kept in deep freeze found almost in same
condition even after 24 hours as well as microbial count hardly increase five times than 0 hours
period but meat kept in room temperature was found almost 1000 times more microbial load than
zero hour sampling. Preference was higher in meat kept in deep freeze. In same way cooked meat
panel test result revels almost all test members prefers meat kept in deep freeze
Result of experimental study in summer is in process and will be analyzed and plotted in next report.
Thank You
18
Project Title:
Promoting farmers level production and utilization of biopesticides for vegetable farming.
Project No:
Address:
604/2008/09
Sabitri Baral
67, Akash Bhairab Marg, Gyneswor, Kathmandu- 1 Nepal
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Collaborating organisations:
Tel. +977-1-5541610
Start Date:
Project Cost:
E-mail: [email protected] .np
The collaborating partners of this Projects are :
1. District Agriculture Development Office Chundevi, Bhaktpur
2. The IPM farmers Committee, Bhaktpur
July 2009
July 2011
End Date:
NRs. 1184949 (NARDFcontribution NRs 986883)
Bageswori and Sudal VDC of Bhaktpur
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background:
The bio-pesticides are derived from the naturally occurring microbes, plants and plant products (animals,
plants, microorganisms and certain minerals). They may be inert substances or living organisms that suppress
the population of pests. These can be mass produced and applied in much the same way as synthetic
insecticides. Bio-pesticides produce no or minimum effect on environment, because it has inherent ability to
either quickly decompose or establish naturally thus helping in sustainable pest management.
Pest organisms are major constraints to crop production, destroying 30% of potential food, feed and fibre
production worldwide. Farmers have increasingly become dependent on pesticides to assure their yield.
Excessive use of pesticide have resulted many undesirable concerns, such as health hazards to farmers and
consumers, ecological disruption and environmental pollution and raising the production costs. Applying the
IPM strategy is presently the most promising option to minimize these problems. This approach combines
several control methods and one of them is biological control. Biological control involves using and
manipulating natural enemies of pest's viz. predators, parasitoids and pathogens.
20 trainers and plant protection professionals for IPM through applied biological control were developed with
the help of a project funded by NUFFIC and technical assistance of Wagenigen International, the Netherlands.
Participants of this training tested the available bio-control agents in the field through action research. They
were taken to Thailand for study tour for their better understanding of different aspects of biological control.
These efforts have built confidence among participants towards production and promotion of biopesticides
and bio-control agents in Nepal. With this background, this project is proposed for a follow up project to scale
up the learning's and skills for production and multiplication of bio-control agents locally in Nepal, so that
natural resources and environment are protected as well as sustainable utilization of natural resources take
place.
Project Purpose/Objectives
Very few farmers in Nepal seem to be acquainted with the biopesticides. Those who are acquainted with them
are not using these materials. Farmer field school (FFS) participants are promoting biopesticides marginally.
Even most of the FFS participants are not familiar with them. Unavailability of biopesticides in time and loss
of confidence among farmers regarding their efficacy (due to failure of earlier promotional efforts at farm
level) are major constraints of adoption of biopesticides by farmers. Massive awareness campaign and
promoting the farm level multiplication of bio pesticides including bio-agents (predators and parasitoids) are
required to accelerate their adoption by farmers (Jha 2008)1
19
Thus, production of bio-control agents and action research facilities will be developed at two places in
farmers venues in Bhaktapur District. 50 tomato growing farmers will be trained for production and
multiplication of bio control agents like Trichoderma and Chrysoperla by the end of this project. Five sets of
participatory action research will be carried out to test the efficacy of commercially available biopesticides in
farmers' field.
Ultimately, this project will develop a group of farmers having full confidence on effectiveness of bio-control
agent. They will serve as an engine to advocate the benefits of bio-control leading to reduction of the use of
hazardous chemical pesticides in vegetables.
By the end of this project period at least 10% of the poly-house tomato growers will begin to use bio
pesticides in tomato. At least 10 innovative farmers, farmer trainers and technicians of GOs and NGOs will be
trained in different aspects of bio-intensive IPM and will become future facilitators for bio intensive farmer
field school. Mass rearing of Chrysoperla (green lace wing), a predator of white flies and aphids (so far done
only at NARC) are now taking place in Chitwan. Mass rearing in Bhaktapur and testing its efficacy in the
field will serve to meet our objectives of up scaling the production and utilising it at farmers’ level.
Beneficiaries
The primary beneficiaries of this project will be the poly house tomato growers of Sudal and Bageshwori
VDCs of Bhaktapur district. At least, 50 households of poly-house tomato growers will benefit directly from
this project. And at least 150 households surrounding these project sites will be also benefit indirectly. Among
them, at least 75% will be women. The secondary beneficiaries will be GOs/ NGOs technicians and farmer
trainers involved in promotion of sustainable agriculture. At least 5 farmer facilitators as well as 3 junior
technicians will directly benefit by learning the skill provided by this project. This project also creates partial
employment opportunities for the Farmer Trainers already developed in this district. The distant beneficiaries
would be the biopesticide resellers and the consumers as a whole. The people of surrounding VDCs will have
a demonstration (show how) effect, so they are also the distant beneficiaries. The project also creates partial
employment opportunities for the farmer facilitators already developed in this district. The environment of
these sites will be safer, healthier, which is beneficial to the villagers of this community.
The objectively verifiable indicators
Output 1: Technically competent farmer level cadre for bio intensive IPM developed
o At least 50 farmers educated for promoting bio intensive IPM
o At least 10 bio- intensive IPM farmer facilitators developed.
Output 2: Farmers managed bio-pesticide production facilities developed.
o Two bio intensive field schools with simple facilities for bio-pesticide production
established and operationalised.
o At least 3 times egg to egg rearing of Chrysoperla carnea completed and released to
farmers' field at least 5 times.
o At least 10 farmers became able to rear Chrysoperla carnea at their premises and to
multiply fungal based microbial pesticides
Output 3: Farm level generation of bio- control technologies disseminated to peripheral farmers and
advocated to stakeholders
o At least 200 farmers from vicinity informed and exposed to bio -control techniques.
o 200 technical booklets published and distributed
o 50 technicians, scientists and policy makers will be made familiar with the process and
results of this project.
Up-scaling Pathways
This project will put farmers in action for the already verified production and utilisation of biopesticides,
actually up scaling of the project outputs by the intended beneficiaries. This project has envisaged first to
develop at least 50 technically competent farmer level cadres for bio-intensive IPM and 10 bio- intensive
farmer facilitators. Second, it will develop two farmers managed biopesticides production facilities through
Farmer field school approach. Here at least the green lace wing (Chrysoperla carnea) will be released five
times; and 10 farmers become expert in rearing these predators and producing Trichoderma. Third, farm level
generation of bio-control technologies disseminated to peripheral farmers and advocated to stakeholders. At
20
least, 200 farmers from the surroundings will be informed and exposed to bio-control techniques by
conducting Farmers field day and lesson learnt workshops. At least, 200 technical booklets will be published
and distributed. These publications will be mostly in Nepali so that farmers can easily use the information.
TITAN will make these publications available to all those who wants to reproduce them.
About 50 or more technicians, scientists and policy makers will be made familiar with the results of this
project. Outputs will be disseminated through DADO or directly from farmer to farmer. Facilities and
technologies developed during this project period will be handed over to the farmers and follow up technical
back up support will be provided by TITAN and DADO. Outputs of this project will reach the end users and
will be sustained. Farmers Association collaborating in this project will have the ownership of the promotion
pathways with the support from DADO and TITAN.
Targeted Outputs:
This project will put farmers in action for the production and utilization of bio-pesticides. This project has
envisaged attaining the following three outputs for promoting bio-pesticides at farmer’s level to enhance the
eco-friendly pest management.
Output 1: Technically competent farmer level cadre for bio -intensive IPM developed.
Output 2: Farmers managed bio-pesticide production facilities developed.
Output 3: Farm level generation of bio-control technologies disseminated to peripheral farmers and advocated
stakeholders.
Activities
1.1. Orientation Training
Progress status
Completed on 30 - 31 Bhadra, 2066.
1.2 Motivation tour
Completed on 29th Karti – 1st Mansir, 2066.
1.3.1 Training
curriculum
development
Before the conduction of Bio-intensive IPM
trainings, Course curriculum was developed
through two succeeding meeting of concerned
expert from DOA & NARC. First of all Two
expert from NARC were assigned to prepare the
preliminary draft of curriculum. After that other
four expert were also involved to finalize and
approve the curriculum.
This activity was completed during 16th -22nd of
Falgun, 2067. Altogether 24 participants (20
leader farmers from targeted area of Bhaktpur, 2
JT of command area from DADO Bhaktpur, 1 JT
from RPPL anf 1 JT from Regional Agricultur
Directorate) are included in training. Most off the
resource persons are invited for most of the
practical class from NARC. Out of 7 days of
training period 2 days were field day for field
visit & practical.
These are the important class covered during
training periods:
1) Major disease of Tomato & their control
measures
2) Role of pathogen to supress disease and
pest of vegetable crops
3) Natural control: the balance in nature
4) Common available bio-pesticides and
1.3.2 Training
conduction
Remarks
Trimister report already
submitted
submitted
submitted
submitted
21
2.1.1. Preparatory
meeting & survey
2.1.2 Field School
conduction
2.1.3 BCP facility set up
2.1.4 Farmer's field trial
2.1.5. Monitoring &
Evaluation
22
botanicals used in plant protection
5) Rearing technique of Chrysoperla &
field release (The. + Pra.)
6) Laboratory technique of Trichoderma
production (The. + Pra.)
7) Field trial design of Chrysoperla with
other bio- pesticide to be compared and
Trichoderma with other available bioagents and formats used in data
collection and economic analysis.(Pra.)
8) and so on
Three preparatory meeting were organized at
each of the selected site of the Bhaktpur during
April – May, 2009 with the objective to select
the participants, actual learning site and venue. It
was also intended to prepare cropping calendar to
know the prevailing farmers practices and
identifying the locally specific problems and to
analyze the gender's role.
Baseline survey was also already completed to
gather basic socio-economic status of the
householder of selected farmers desirous to
participate in FFS. A market survey was also
completed to prepare a detail inventory available
of microbial pesticides in Nepal
This activity was completed through collaborator
side (District Agriculture Development office)
during Baishakh, 2066 to Ashad, 2066.
In case of BCP facility set up specially for the
Crysoperla, the facility set up had completed &
during 1st year farmers had also tried their best,
still it is seemed that they are not much
competent with rearing skill for Crysoperla.
This activity for the 1st year was completed
during the period of 2067/12 to 2068/03, & 2nd
year activity was also complted during the period
of of 2068/5 to 2068/09 In Farmer's field trial, 3
replication & 4 treatments were included. In case
of
treatments,
Trichoderma
harzianum,
Trichoderma viridae, Pseudomonas flurescence
and Bavistin as a control. All the experimental
data for both of the first year are completely
retained and report is in the process of
compilation. Complete report will be submitted
in project compilation report.
Two
succeeding monitoring visit were
completed on 2068/02/17 & 2068/03/22 to
observe the ongoing farmer's field trial & BCP
facility set up. In previous monitoring Ms.
Sharada Joshi from NARC was invited as an
expert of pathology. Similarly Ms. Shashi
Adhikari, as an expert of Entomology was also
submitted
submitted
submitted
Report for first year
activity
already
submitted & final report
of trial will be submitted
as soon as possible.
Report of earlier two
monitoring was already
submitted & later is
ready to submit.
3.1.1 Rapport Building
Workshop
3.1.2 Field day for
dissemination of
workshop
3.1.3 Lesson learnt
Workshop
3.2.1. Booklet of
Inventory of
microbial
pesticides
3.2.2. Technical booklets
involved. During the monitoring both of the
experts provide instruction & advice for the
betterment of ongoing trial of bio-pesticide as
well as Crysoperla rearing. In second
monitoring, expert from the NARDF were
involved. They also instruct & advise to carryout
the trial more preciously. They also advise to put
the program informative board on location.
Similarly another two succeeding monitoring
also completed in the ending phase of follow- up
FFS conduction period that is farmer's field trial
conduction.
Completed on 12th Bhadra, 2066
This activity for FFS was completed through
collaborator
side
(District
Agriculture
Development office) 1st of Ashad, 2066.
Similarly follow –up FFS field day was
completed on 2068/10/15
Going to be completed very soon
This activity was completed. For the preparation
of
inventory
of
bio-pesticide
survey
questionnaire were designed first and then
market survey was carried in Kathmandu valley.
Now all the data were compiled, analyzed with
simple statistical tools. In this way finally we
were able to prepare the "Survey report on biopesticide in Kathmandu valley".
This activity for the 1st as well as 2nd year was
completed. For the preparation of technical
booklets two experts were assigned on the basis
of their expertise. The two publication are "
JAIBIK
BIDHI
DWARA
BALI
SAMRAKCHAN" & Posters of "BENIFICIAL
ISECTS"
Going to be completed very soon
submitted
One Trimister report
already submitted & the
another is ready to
submit
submitted
submitted
3.2.3 Project completion
report
Achievements / Findings (in case of research projects) :
During the beginning of the project, the leader farmers involved in season long FFS on Tomato cultivation
inside the tunnel, it help them to know about all the aspect of IPM, principle of IPM and other so many
practical things. So that they were able to conduct follow- up FFS very confidently. Similarly the motivation
tour & intensive bio-control training activities were also more useful to them to impart the practical as well as
theoretical knowhow about bio-control agent & bio-pesticides, their rearing (especially in case of Crysoperla),
and application technique as well. Besides some technical booklets & posters were also prepare & distributed
to peripheral farmers including those who are involved in project. Regarding Farmers field trial, all the
commercial bio-pesticides included in trial (Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and another bio insecticide
"Verticillium" seems to be far better in controlling pest as well as crop yield compared to chemical pesticides
like Bevestin & control. The final report of the project including necessary information will be submitted very
soon. Those tomato grower have given the commitment that thsy won't use the chemical pesticide in any
vegetable farming anymore, so will have reduction in production cost as well as health hazard cost. This will
surely contribute to the sustained poverty reduction of direct and indirect beneficiaries.
23
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Scaling up of cage cum pond integration system of Tilapia/Catfish in
cage and carps in pond
PP 605/2008-09
Dr. Sunila Rai
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur campus,
Chitwan
056-592272; 9851075404; 9803551109
056-591021
[email protected]; [email protected]
1. District Agriculture Development Office, Chitwan
2. Rural Integrated Development Society (RIDS), Kathar, Chitwan
July 2009
February 2011
End Date:
NRs 999,900
Kathar -1, Kushahana, Chitwan;
Kawasoti – 4, Taruwa, Nawalparasi
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Development of aquaculture has the potential to provide both high protein food and income generating
employment for the rural poor, as well as promoting more ecologically balanced use of land and water
resources. Therefore, there is a felt need of the promotion of this sector in order to increase the supply of
animal protein in the daily diet that will ultimately be helpful in improving the health and the livelihood of
people of Nepal. However, fish farmers of Nepal do not have a high production and sustainable aquaculture
package to improve their livelihood. As a result, the present productivity of pond fish culture is about 3 mt/ha,
which is far low in comparison with other Asian countries. Most of the fish production comes from small fish
farmers of terai region. Thus increasing the production and productivity of aquaculture in small farmers of
terai region is vital to achieve ultimate goals of food security, income generation and poverty alleviation.
Therefore, well proved low-cost, high-production technology easily adaptable to small-scale farmers are
intended to verify, tested and up scaled so that they can choose the appropriate package suitable for them and
continue in sustainable way. The proposed project seeks to contribute to the promotion high production fish
culture system at the community level in terai districts of Nepal. The project particularly aims at improving
the livelihood of resource-poor farming households. Small scale and resource poor farmers of central and
western terai, especially under privileged minority ethnic groups (e.g. Tharu, Darai, Bote, Majhi, Gurung,
Magar etc.) will be the focal point of this project.
The integrated cage-cum-pond system provides an opportunity for small-scale farmers to use their limited
resources to include some high-valued/feed response species in cage placed inside pond and natural food
based carps in ponds. This system allows generating extra fish production from cage with more production
and more income from the same unit of pond. This production system might improve livelihood of rural
families providing better nutrition and income compare to existing aquaculture system. Recent experiments of
integrated cage-cum-pond system in Nepal have demonstrated that it is one of the high production approaches
which bring social, economical and ecological changes for the betterment of the society. Scaling up this
model to rural small-scale family managed ponds will increase fish productivity as well as total fish
production of the country as well. Thus this project aims to increase fish production and productivity of smallscale farmers through cage cum pond integration model.
Beneficiaries
Small scale and resource poor farmers of central and western terai, especially under privileged minority ethnic
groups (e.g. Tharu, Darai, Bote, Majhi, Gurung, Magar etc.) will be the primary beneficiaries as the project
will be implemented in their locality. This project will directly benefit to those involved 30 cage farmers of
24
Chitwan and Nawalparasi. However, the outcome of project will benefit all the small-scale, resource-poor
farmers of terai and mid-hills as well. Fish growers, government line agencies, NGOs, CBOs and public
sectors of terai and mid-hills region of Nepal will be benefited directly by obtaining the appropriate high
production and sustainable technology of fish farming. The local traders, entrepreneurs and exporters and
farming groups will be benefited through increased transaction of fish products as a result of project activities.
It will create additional employment for men and women in the region because of increased fish production
and marketing activities.
At least 100% fish productivity increased and 50% income increased of participating farmers compare to
existing fish culture system after completion of one year culture cycle. 15 farmers in Chitwan and 15 farmers
in Nawalparasi participated in the project will have 100 % increase in fish production of the current level after
2 culture cycle. Income from fish sale will increase by 50% and family fish consumption will increase by
100% by the end of the project period. One workshop, 500 Leaflets, 500 Manuals will be published by the end
of the project period.
Up-scaling Pathways
Direct involvement of participating farmers, Workshop/interaction meeting with fishers and other
stakeholders are the proposed pathway for the uptake of outputs. In addition, leaflet and manual on
“Integrated cage-cum-pond culture systems” will be published and distributed to concerned fisher groups,
organizations and agencies. Another positive side of this project is the involvement of the subject matter
specialists and extension workers of IAAS, DADOs, Government fish farms, NARC and other line agencies,
in planning the project activities and in imparting the training activities. DADO of Chitwan and Nawalparasi
will take major promotion work as government development office. Moreover, information will be
disseminated by teaching in undergraduate and graduate course in universities and by publishing in scientific
journals.
Targeted Outputs:
• Current level of fish productivity; fish/and or other animal protein in family diet; and household income
identified.
• Package of cage cum pond integration model scaled up and fish production and productivity assessed.
• Fish protein in family diet and household income of participating farmers assessed.
• Project outcome disseminated.
Activities
1.1 Selection of farmers and
Baseline survey
Progress status
Completed at scheduled
Remarks
15 participants each from Chitwan and
Nawalparasi district selected and baseline
survey conducted (Report submitted)
Impact assessment survey conducted with
those participants (Report submitted)
One-day orientation meeting was organized
at each site (Report submitted)
1.2 Impact assessment
survey
Completed
2.1 Orientation meeting with
participating farmers
Completed as scheduled
2.2 Training of cage-pond
integration system to
participating farmers
One-day training organized at each site
(Report submitted)
2.3 Cage materials supply
and cage preparation
Materials for 40 cages were supplied after
training on cage preparation to each
household (Report submitted)
Completed
Report submitted
2.4 Supply of Fish seeds and
production Technology
25
2.5 Regular monitoring on
growth and simple water
quality parameters.
Completed
Report submitted
2.6 Fish harvest and report
preparation.
Completed
Report submitted
3.1 Preparation of leaflets and
Manual
Completed
500 each leaflet in Nepali and Manual in
English published
3.2 Workshop organized with
different stakeholders
Completed
One-day workshop organized at IAAS.
3.3 Visit of about 50
participants from
different stakeholders to
project sites.
Completed
Under preparation
3.4 Final report publication
One day tour visit to project sites from lead
fish farmers from Chitwan and
Nawalparasi involving District Agriculture
Development offices.
Completion summary sheet and financial
report are submitted; main project
completion and Technical paper series
report are under preparation.
Achievements / Findings (in case of research projects)
•
•
•
•
•
•
26
Participating fish farmers understood the principles behind Cage-integration system of three different
models. (i) Tilapia in cage and carps in pond, (ii) Catfish in cage and carps in pond, (iii) Ttilapia and
Catfish in separate cages and carps in pond.
Got trained in cage mending and installing in pond.
Cage-pond system increased carp production in ponds (4.0 - 4.4 t/ha/yr compared to 3.0 t/ha)
Overall fish production of increased by 2- 2.5 times compared to carp polyculture
o Model 1: 6.0 t/ha/yr
B/C ratio carp polyculture without cage is 3.3, where as in different models are:
o Model 1: 7.4
o Model 2: 3.3
o Model 3: 4.5
Cage-pond system increased income by 1.5 to 2 times
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Participatory F1 Seed Production and Marketing of Tomato cv.
'Shrijana' through Seed Producer Groups.
PP606/2008/09
Ram Bahadur KC
Agriculture Research Station (Horticulture), Malepatan, Pokhara
Office: 061-520220
Mobile: 9846020019
061-520220
[email protected]
District Agricultural development Office, Kaski,
District Agricultural development Office, Syangja,
Plastic Tunnel Technology Farmers Association, Kaski and
Regional Seed Laboratory, Bhairahawa.
September 2009
August 2012
End Date:
19,94,000
Agriculture Research Station (Hor, Malepatan, Pokhara and its command
districts i.e Kaski and Syangja
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Tomato is one of the important solanaceous vegetable widely grown in Nepal. Tomato ranked fifth in
vegetables growing area 16,702 ha, (VDD 2010/11) with productivity of 15.52 t/ha. Seed is the basic input for
agriculture production. The quality of seed is a considered as an important factor for increasing yield. The use
of quality seeds helps greatly in higher production per unit area. It is considered as one of the basic and cheap
inputs to increase production and productivity of the agriculture commodities. Nepal still imports a huge
amount of hybrid seed of different vegetables including tomato every year. A survey report indicated that
tomato is superlatively the leading vegetables in terms of number of hybrid varieties imported in the country.
Area under hybrid variety especially in vegetable sector is increasing gradually. It means that a lot of national
currency is being spent every year to import hybrid seeds from India and aboard.
On the other hand, farmers are using imported hybrid seed without any research recommendation except few
exceptional cases. The question of quality concern always arises and sometimes creates colossal problems to
the farmers. In this context, our own hybrid seed tomato production has an immense potential to serve
Nepalese growers through the supply of true to type of F1 seed of native production. The demand of quality
hybrid seed is in increasing trend. It is estimated that a large portion of commercial vegetable production
pockets is under F1 coverage.
The objectives of the project are,
- To increase the availability of quality F1 seed at reasonable prices for commercial growers.
- To empower the farmers in Syangja and Kaski to produce F1 seed of 'Shrijana' cultivar in their
own socio-economic condition.
- To increase area under cv. 'Shrijana' for increment of production and productivity
- Strengthen linkage among seed producers, traders and users.
- High technical knowledge of crossing delivered to farmers and extension personnel
Beneficiaries
Small and women farmer groups of Kaski and Syangja districts who directly get involved in participatory F1
seed production and processing activities getting immediate benefit from the implemented activity. Small land
holding farmers in the project areas will have involved round the year by getting employment opportunity
while conducting the different activities. Seed traders, agro-vet owners will get benefited by this project with
the transaction of tomato F1 seed. Ultimately, nation will be benefited by curtailing the import of F1 tomato
27
seed, which minimizes to drain of foreign currency to some extent, every year. Finally, commercial tomato
farmers of the western hills will have been benefited by getting genuine quality F1 seed at reasonable price.
In addition, extension personnel are being been benefited by getting sound technical knowledge on quality
hybrid seed production; and their skill have been upgraded after being involved in different activities. A large
number of farmers are being benefited from the produced F1 seed by marketing, utilizing and so on.
By the end of two years execution of the project it seems as a very successful piece of work for rural people.
Twelve women farmers from Kaski and Syangja districts are directly involving in the seed production
program. Their capacity is being enhanced through training and other activities to produce F1 seeds of tomato
by 2012.
Farmers of the western hills getting quality F1 seed in genuine price by the end of 2010. Seed traders will
actively participate in seed marketing process of Nepalese origin F1 seed for the first time.
In addition to present situation, areas under hybrid tomato especially cv. 'Shrijana' is being increased at least
1080 Ropani per year by the end of 2010.
Up-scaling Pathways
This is need based people centered participatory approach however, requires high technical knowledge. In this
work from the initiation of the project there is direct involvement of research, extension, farmer groups and
NGOs. As a result of that, the methodology of F1 seed production will reach towards all stakeholders from
beginning of project implementation.
For technology diffusion service provider has a vital role in Nepal. Involvement of seed traders in the project
definitely helps in promotion of this technology in wider areas. Training, interaction and publication of
booklet and manual also help in expansion of this technology for wider adoption.
Synopsis of Project Status
After the initiation of the project since September 2009 to April 2012 eight trimesters and 13 activities were
accomplished successfully so far.
During first trimester of first year
In first trimester two activities were carried out. The first was project inception meeting. The meeting was
held on 29th Kartik 2066 at ARS, Malepatan Pokhara. All together 29 participants (including SADO of Kaski
and Syangja, PPO Syangja, Extension staffs leader farmers, agro entrepreneurs, researchers, NGO persons
and all officers from the Station) were actively participated. Sites and focal person from DADO were
identified.
Secondly site selection and group identification were performed. Dhikurpokhari and Armala of Kaski and
Phedikhola VDC of Syangja district were selected as potential sites.
During second trimester of first year
In second trimester of first year total five activities were carried out. A two days technical training to
empower the selected farmers and concerned technicians was conducted during 16th-17th Chaitra, 2066 at
ARS, Malepatan. Alltogether 33 participants (HDO and junior technician from Syangja, two junior
technicians from Kaski, Station staffs and 12 cooperator farmers of concerned project sites) were actively
participated in the training.
Similarly hundred copies of booklet entitled 'Cultivation of Tomato under Plastic House Condition and F1
Seed Production Techniques' were prepared, published and distributed to the stakeholders for further upscaling of developed technologies
A one day field level technical training to empower the farmers and concerned technicians was conducted
each at three sites of the project area.
During third trimester of first year
In this trimester total five activities were accomplished. One day interaction workshop among the seed
producer, agro-entrepreneurs and line agencies was organized at the Station.
During first trimester of second year
28
Sample of seeds from three different sites and the Station were collected and analyzed at Regional Seed
Testing Laboratory, Bhairahawa. The labeling tag was designed and printed for seed marketing purpose.
Negotiation with the seed marketing agencies succeeded and seed marketing is completed.
In Each trimester the monitoring and supervision work was conducted by project Coordinator/Station Chief,
Technical Officer and concerned expert from the Station and other high level officials visited each sites and
suggested necessary actions to achieve the outputs of the project regularly.
During second trimester of second year
Two days technical training on “Tomato cultivation under poly house condition and emasculation and crossing
procedure for F1 seed production” was conducted.
Plastic houses in the farmers field (12 no) and one tunnel at the station were renovated.
During third trimester of second year
In 12 plastic houses 100 -125 (20% male) inbred parent line were transplanted in each location of Kaski and
Syangja. At the station 200 plants of the parent lines were transplanted in two tunnels.
One day field level technical training to empower the farmers was conducted and topics covered were emasculation
and crossing procedure, disease identification and management practices, Safety handling of pesticides' seed
quality maintenance.
During first trimester of third year
Seed harvesting and processing: Seed harvesting is crucial work of the project. Full red ripe fruits were
harvested and processed according to provided guidelines. Fruits are initiated to harvest and this process will be
continued till crossed fruit finished to harvest.
During second trimester of third year
Tunnel construction and renovation: Plastic houses in the farmers field (12 no) and two tunnel at the station
were renovated. Following works were carried out
• Plastic sheet repaired by using cartoon tape and tied the roof with rope.
• Roof supporting pegs, rope changed.
• Broken and rotten pillars of the tunnel and roof supporting structures were changed as required.
• Plant support accessories were maintained.
Seed quality analysis and Mini kit distribution: Sample of seeds from three different sites and station were
collected and analyzed at Regional Seed Testing Laboratory, Bhairahawa. Germination percentages of the tested
seed sample were 88-94 (see annex). The labeling tag was designed and printed for seed marketing purpose.
Targeted Outputs:
1. Participatory F1 tomato seed production process developed in farmers level
2. Seed marketing and distribution channel strengthened
3. Area under quality seed increased
and disseminated
Table: Total seed production in 2010 (First year)
Name of the farmer
Prod.
(g)
Price
Name of the farmer
Prod.
(g)
Price
got)
Hari KC
219
17520
Kausila Paudel
125
10000
Santu Subedi
218
17440
Dripa Chhetri
127
10160
Aarati Subedi
315
25200
Khuma Paudel
73
5840
Sita Subedi
230
18400
Madhu Maya BK
489
39120
(Farmers
29
Balika Subedi
210
16800
Bishnu Basnet
410
32800
Laxmi Paudel
740
59200
Jit Bdr. Basnet
406
32480
ARS
1050
94500
Total
4612
3,79,460
Table: Total seed production in 2011 (Second year)
Name of the farmer
Prod.
(g)
Price
Name of the farmer
Prod.
(g)
Price
(Farmers
got)
Hari KC
159
14310
Kausila Paudel
500
45000
Santu Subedi
90
8100
Dripa Chhetri
320
28000
Aarati Subedi
184
Khuma Paudel
584
52560
Sita Subedi
38
3420
Madhu Maya BK
596
53640
Balika Subedi
144
12960
Bishnu Basnet
426
38340
Laxmi Paudel
640
57600
Jit Bdr. Basnet
268
24120
ARS
250
22500
Total
4207
3,78,630
Activities
1.1 Meeting with stakeholders
Progress status
completed
1.2 Site selection, participatory Group formation
1.3 Technical training to technicians and farmers
1.4 Tunnel construction and renovation
1.5 Inbred line plantation and maintenance,
1.6 Plant selection and emasculation
1.7 Field Level Participatory Training
2.1 Interaction with seed producers and traders
2.2 Monitoring and supervision
2.3 Seed harvesting, processing and packaging
2.4 Seed quality analysis and marketing
3.1 Mini-kit distribution for seed quality verification
3.2 Production and distribution of booklet/ Folder
3.3 Stakeholder workshop
3.4 Final project completion reporting
Completed
Completed
Completed
Two years work completed
Two years work completed
Completed
Completed
Continued
Two years works were completed.
Two years works were completed.
Completed
Completed
Targeted in third trimester of last year
Targeted in third trimester of last year
30
Achievements / Findings
Activities
1.1 Meeting with stakeholders
1.2 Site selection, and group
formation.
1.3 Technical training to
technicians and farmers
1.4 Tunnel construction and
renovation.
Achievements/ Findings
The project inception meeting was conducted among the stakeholders to clarify the
program and working modalities.
Dhikur pokhari and Armala of Kaski and Phedikhola VDC of Syangja were
identified as potential sites.
In two years two technical trainings were conducted at the Station.
12 plastic houses were constructed in total at farmers' field and already existed
one plastic house was renovated within the Station.
1.5 Inbred line plantation and
crop management
1.6 Plant selection and
emasculation.
Tomato seedlings were transplanted by maintaining 100 -125 (20% male) inbred
parent line in all 12 plastic houses.
Farmers and technicians were involved in crossing processes from July to
september by selecting right stage of flowers during morning time (8 am to 11am)
in each day of crossing.
1.7 Field Level Participatory
Training.
Two field level technical trainings were conducted in each sites.
2.1 Interaction workshop with
seed producers and traders
Interaction workshop was held on 4th Bhadra 2067 at the Station.
2.2 Monitoring and supervision
2.3 Seed harvesting, processing
and packaging
2.4 Seed quality analysis and
marketing
Program was monitored time to time by the different stakeholders.
Total 8.7 kg of tomato seeds from 12 farmers and by the Station was produced and
marketed different part of the country.
Sample of seeds from three different sites and station were collected and analyzed
at Regional Seed Testing Laboratory, Bhairahawa.
3.2 Production and distribution
of booklet/ Folder
“Tomato Production under Poly House Condition and Techniques of F1 Seed
Production” and Manual on “F1 Seed Production Technology and Safe Handling
of Pesticide” produced and distributed.
31
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Commercial Vegetable Farming at Periurban Area and BP
Highway Corridor of Sindhuli District, Nepal
PP 607 /2008/09
Ramji Prasad Bhattarai
Youth for Sindhuli, Kamalamai-6, Dhura Bazar, Sindhuli
Phone: 047-520032, Cell: 9841425547
Fax: 047-520045
[email protected]
1. District Agriculture Development Office, Sindhuli, Nepal,
2. Mahabharat Krishak Sahakari sanstha ltd. Ratanchura, Sindhuli
August 2009
June 2012
End Date:
NRs 1996600.00
Ratanchura, Bhadrakali, Jalakanya VDCs and Kamalamai
municipality of Sindhuli District Nepal
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
The project “commercial vegetable farming at periurban area and BP highway corridor” has planned to
implement in 3 VDCs namely Jalakanya, Ratanchura and Bhadrakali and one municipality called Kamalamai
of Sindhuli District. Most of the people’s livelihood is based on agriculture. These locations are connected
with highways, local roads and market centers. Despite the good road connectivity and market proximity,
most of the farmers involved in non commercial farming. Income generation from farming is very rare.
There are high opportunities for vegetable production for commercial purpose but the farmers are producing
traditional cereals crops. Unemployment and poverty is seen among the farming household. Majority of the
people in the project location are Bhramin, Chhetri, Tamang, Magar, Majhi and Dalit. Dalits and Janjatis are
relatively backward compare to Brahmin and Chhetris. Some higher castes farmers are earning money from
commercial vegetable farming from the same project location and other locations of the Sindhuli district.
Majority of the dalits and Janjatis are reluctant to commercial vegetable farming because of habituation on
traditional cereal farming and lack of skill and knowledge required for vegetable farming. Women farmers of
the all caste are providing their most time to agriculture purposes but are not able to uplift their livelihood.
This project is focusing to provide skill and knowledge to the reluctant Dalit, Janjatis and Women farmers
who are deprived from income earning vegetable production business. Project will select 320 households to
uplift their livelihood through off season and season bound commercial vegetable farming. Among the project
households, project will encourage to involve Dalits, Janjaties at least 50 percent. Similarly, women’s
participation will be at least 40%. These project HHs will be organized into 16 groups including five women’s
groups. Capacity of the groups will be strengthen and organized into a cooperative.
These project groups will be motivated for groups based commercial vegetable farming. Twenty eight farmers
will involve in year round season bound and off season vegetable farming in plastic houses. One hundred and
eighty group members will get intensive commercial vegetable production trainings. The cooperatives will be
mobilized for the operation of established collection center and in put supply and fresh vegetable marketing.
Project will establish fresh vegetable marketing mechanism by making linkage among value chain actors of
the vegetable farming business.
Unlike most commercial vegetable promotion projects, this project will focus on organic farming of
vegetables by applying bio pesticides, cattle urine and herbal micro nutrient. Project will train farmers for
judicial use of pesticides and balance use of organic manure and chemical fertilizers.
Project will organize interaction workshop, participatory monitoring and public auditing to evaluate and
discussion about project achievements. This project will collaborate with District Agriculture Development
office and Mahabhrat Krisak Sahakari Sanstha ltd. directly and other stakeholders indirectly to complete the
project activities and targets.
32
Primarily, this project is intended to increase the income of project farmers by optimum utilizing the available
opportunity of road and market accessibility of the project location. Besides this major purpose, this project
has following purposes.
•
Motivation, technical skill development and involvement of farmers on commercial vegetable
farming business.
Majority of the farming house holds of the project location are unemployed and poor due to traditional
non earning farming business. This project will motivate farmers to commercial vegetable farming by
providing information about comparative advantage of vegetable production. Similarly, project will
provide technical skill to the farmers and group based involvement of farmers will obtain different
support activities for vegetable farming.
• Commercial vegetable area expansion, production enhancement and marketing system
development
This project will work to expand the commercial vegetable area to 60 hectares and off season and year
round vegetable area to 5 hectares with 28 plastic house farming. In the same way, project will work to
enhance the production through technology demonstration.
Sustainable marketing system will be developed by mobilizing cooperatives on input supply, fresh
vegetable marketing and collection center operation and creating a good linkage among value chain
actors.
• Increase the income level and support to better livelihood
The project is intended to increase 20 % income level of disadvantage group like Dalit, Janjati women
and others through utilizing commercial vegetable production in better access areas. Consequently,
project’s expectation is: when the income level increases, increased income will be utilized for better
livelihood.
Beneficiaries
The project locations are 3 VDCs and one Municipality of Sindhuli district. The reason for selecting these
locations is these selected VDCs and Municipality are corridor area of BP highway and peri-urban area. There
are many caste and ethnicities in the selected project locations. These are as follows ( Census, 2058)
S.N
1
2
3
4
VDCs/ Minicipality
Kamalamai Municipality
Bhadrakali VDC
Jalakanya VDC
Ratanchura VDC
Total
Female
16388
2241
908
1275
20812
Male
16450
2350
1007
1375
21182
HHs
6447
744
357
488
8036
Janjati
16360
3423
460
1012
41994
Dalit
3832
430
232
551
21255
Others
12646
738
1223
1087
5010
Total
32838
4591
1915
2650
15694
Primary focus of the project is income generation of disadvantageous castes/ ethnicities people and women
farmers through commercial vegetable farming. Around 320 farming HHs from four project areas (3 VDCs
and one Municipality) will be selected as project targeted beneficiaries from 8036 households. These 320
farming HHs will be selected based on the density of households in the project locations. Among the 320
project households, at least 50 % HHs will be Dalit and Janajati and 40% will be women. The project will also
consider the accessibility of the land. The land is essential for vegetable production because without land
there is no possibility of commercial vegetable production. This project will directly work to the above
mentioned 320 HHs to increase their income level through vegetable farming. So, the 320 HHs are direct
beneficiaries of the project.
There will be neighboring effect of project to the non project farming families in the same project location.
The same process will happen in the neighboring VDCs of the project and can be replicate in other VDCs too.
These secondary adapters are indirect beneficiaries. Similar pattern of change will see in trading side too.
When the production increases, the trading business will also increase. The actors of value chain of vegetable
farming business will also be the indirect beneficiaries of the project.
There is no chance of negative economic impact in any community by this project.
33
• Four hundred farming household actively participated in 16 groups and these groups upgraded to a
cooperative in three project VDCs.
• 320 nos. highway corridor farmers started group based commercial vegetable farming in 60 hectares
area by improved farming technologies of vegetables.
• At least 28 farmers got training on vegetable farming under plastic house; 28 plastic house with
micro irrigation facility constructed for year round vegetable production
• Regular monitoring and evaluation followed and preoperational to terminal achievements
documented
Up-scaling Pathways
The project will work as organizational body to develop capacity, to provide support to the project
beneficiaries directly and other interested farmers outside the project indirectly. This project will work on
fresh vegetable production and marketing. The farmers of the projects location will increase their income by
selling vegetables. The increased income of project farmers will be motivating factors for non project farmers
and they will also work on vegetable production and increase their income which is the direct effect of scaling
up of vegetable production work.
The strengthen capacity of farmers on vegetable production will support for development of micro enterprises
such as processing of fresh vegetable (Pickle Ketchup, sauce etc) and sell. This type of activities creates the
employment opportunity to women and low land owners. This project will also organize workshop, group
meeting, publication, demonstration, information broadcasting, public auditing which are helpful tool to
widening the vegetable production and scaling up of the vegetable farming in the project area.
The collaborating partners i.e. DADO and Mahabharat Krishak Sahakari Santha ltd. will be involve in the
many activities of the project. They can promote the better practices in the other location of the district
through their regular program.
Other organizations which are working in the development field can incorporate the similar work in other area
too. This NGO is also working in another location on Sudhariyeko chulo and micro hydro power project. The
good impacts of this project can be replicated there.
So, there are many ways and options to be up scaling of the project outputs by the beneficiaries and related
organizations.
Targeted Outputs:
• Strengthened and mobilized the women and men farmers' groups and upgraded them into
cooperatives for input supply and output marketing
• Expanded the area under commercial vegetable production
• Expanded the area of vegetable farming under plastic house for year round vegetable farming
• Established fresh vegetable marketing system
• Established reliable reporting and documentation system
Activities
Groups formation and mobilization
ne survey conduction and report preparation
Cooperative formation
Mobilization of cooperatives on input-supply and output
marketing mechanism
Motivation and facilitation workshop for group based commercial
vegetable farming
Trainings on fresh vegetable production for farmers (40 %
women)
34
Progress status
Completed
Completed
Remarks
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Training on Preparation and application of herbal and Bio
pesticides on vegetable
Completed
Improved Vegetable seed distribution at 20% subsidy
Vegetable production demonstration for summer and winter
season
Support on plant protection activities
Trainings on off season vegetable production
Support on plastic house construction
Support on micro irrigation management on tunnel
Support for off season vegetable seedling production nurseries
Farmers’ training on Fresh vegetable market management
Support on collection center establishment and operation
Support on packaging material (Plastic Crates) at 54% subsidy
Interaction workshop among value chain actors of commercial
vegetable farming and marketing tie up
Vegetable marketing booklet publication and distribution
Regular Internal monitoring
Participatory monitoring and evaluation
Completed
Completed
Farmers Field Day
Public Hearing and Auditing
Project’s Final report preparation
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Will be
completed in
third trimester of
the third year
Will be
completed in
third trimester of
the third year
Will be
completed in
third trimester of
the third year
Achievements:
• 28 plastic houses are made for year round vegetable production
• 28 farmers are able to irrigate the vegetable in plastic houses through drip irrigation facility
• One cooperative is established for marketing of vegetables
• One hundred plastic crates distributed to farmers for easy packing and transporting vegetables to the
market.
• About 60 ton of vegetables produced and marketed by the farmers.
• Four commercial nursery man are able to produce vegetable seedling throughout the year.
35
:ofª\hf lhNnfsf afª\l;ª\, larf/L rf}tf/f / afu]km8\s] uflj;df æs[lif aLdf
sfo{qmdÆ
Project Title:
608/2008/09
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Collaborating
organisations:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
lrGtfd0fL kf}8]n
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(&%^)))*@^, )^#–$@)^(@ df]= (*$^)$#%&(, (&$^))$&^!
)^#–$@)$@%
[email protected]
cfk;L ;xof]u s]Gb| :ofªhf g]kfn ASK-Nepal
End Date:
@)^^ >fj0f
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:ofª\hf lhNnfsf afª\l;ª\, larf/L rf}tf/f / afu]km8\s] uflj;
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
cfof]hgf :ofªhf lhNnfsf afª\l;ª\ b]p/fnL, ljrf/Lrf}tf/ / afFu]km8\s] uflj;sf @& j6f ;d"xsf $)% hgf s[ifs z]o/
;b:ox?sf] 1fg lzk Ifdtfdf clea[l4 ub}{ s[lif afnL Pj+ kz' aLdf k|0ffnLsf] df]8]n ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rfng
ePsf]5 . kz' tyf s[lif aLdfsf] dfWodjf6 Jojzflos t/sf/L v]tL, afv|fkfng, e};Lkfng / df}/L kfng k|j4{g u/L
:j/f]huf/ Pj+ ;xsf/Ltf jf6 ljkGgtf Go'lgs/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpb} cfPsf]]5 . o;df afv|fkfng !@, e};Lkfng &,
df}/Lkfng # / t/sf/L÷-uf]ne]+8f_ pTkfbg ;d"x % j6f /x]sf5g . s[ifssf] ;xeflutfdf pTkfbgsf] of]hgf / ladf gLlt
tof/ u/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf dfkm{t s[lif jfnL Pj+ kz' aLdfsfo{qmdsf] df]8]n ljsf; ul/Psf]5 . cfof]hgfsf] klxnf] jif{df
s[ifs ;d"x, s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf cfk;L ;xof]u s]Gb| / ;xsf/L ;+:yf jf6 kfFr
;bl:oo Ps aLdf Joj:yfkg÷d'Nofª\sg ;ldtLsf] u7g ul/ lgoldt ?kdf sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ;fy} cg'udg ul/Psf]
5 eg] jif{sf] Ps k6s sfo{qmdsf] d'NofÍg, ul/Psf]5 . ;+:yfaf6 k|sfzg x'g] Sofn]08/,df s[lif ladf sfo{qmsf kmfO{bf
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afv|f, $% j6f df}/L uf]nf / #& j6f Knf:6Ls 6g]nsf] ladf ul/Psf] 5 .
!= s[lif afnL Pj+ kz' aLdf k|j4{g ug{ $)% s[ifs z]o/ ;b:osf] 1fg lzk Ifdtfdf clea[l4 ug]{ .
@= s[lif afnL / kz' ladf k|0ffnLsf] df]8]n ljsf; ug]{ .
Beneficiaries
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s'n hDdf
!=!=!= @& ;d"xsf %$ hgf cu'jf s[ifsn] aLdf sf]ifsf] :yfkgf / Joj:yfkg tflnd k|fKt u/]sf .
!=!=@= @& ;d"xsf %$ hgf cu'jf s[ifsn] ;xeflutfTds k4tL jf6 ;d"xsf] pTkfbg of]hgf tflnd k|fKt u/]sf .
!=@=!= !# ;d"xsf !%) hgf ;d"x s[ifsn] afv|fkfng / aLdf tflnd k|fKt u/]sf .
!=@=@= * ;d"xsf !%) hgf ;d"x s[ifsn] e};Lkfng / aLdf tflnd k|fKt u/]sf .
!=@=#= # ;d"xsf ^) hgf ;d"x s[ifsn] df}/L kfng / aLdf tflnd k|fKt u/]sf .
!=@=$= # ;d"xsf $% hgf ;d"x s[ifsn] Knf:6Ls 6g]ndf uf]ne]+8f v]tL / aLdf tflnd k|fKt u/]sf .
!=#=!= $% hgfn] uf]ne]+8f laqmL jf6 jflif{s k|lts[ifs ;/b/ !^))) cfDbfgL u/]sf .
!=#=@= !%) hgfn] e};L tyf b'w 3Lp laqmL jf6 jflif{s k|lt s[ifs ;/b/ !%))) cfDbfgL u/]sf .
!=#=#= !%) hgfn] afv|fsf kf7f kf7L tyf vl; jf]sf laqmL jf6 k|lts[ifs jflif{s ;/b/ !&))) cfDbfgL u/]sf .
@=!=!= ;+:yfn] kz' ladf / s[lif ladfsf] gLlt lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/ sfof{Gjog u/]sf] .
@=!=@= !%) hgfn] @÷@ jf]6f afv|fsf] aLdf u/]sf .
@=!=#= !%) hgfn] !÷! jf]6f e}+;Lsf] aLdf u/]sf .
@=!=$= ^) hgfn] df}/L uf]nfsf] aLdf u/]sf .
@=!=%= $% hgfn] Knfi6Ls 6g]ndf uf]ne]+8f v]tLsf] aLdf u/]sf .
@=!=^= ;+:yfdf cfj4 ^$! hgf ;b:on] ;+:yfsf] sf]if jf6 nfef+; k|fKt u/]sf .
@=@=!= !# ;d"xdf afv|f ladfsf] df]8]n ljsf; ePsf] .
@=@=@= cf7 ;d"xdf e};L ladfsf] df]8]n ljsf; ePsf] .
38
@=@=#= ltg ;d"xdf df}/L ladfsf] df]8]n ljsf; ePsf] .
@=@=$= ltg ;d"xdf uf]ne]+8f v]tLsf] ladfsf] df]8]n ljsf; ePsf] .
@=#=!= ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ;b:o ;+Vof %$! jf6 &)& k'u]sf] .
@=#=@= ;+:yfdf cfj4 ;b:o dWo] #) hgf blnt / !& hgf hghftLsf] ;+Vof a9]sf] .
Up-scaling Pathways
cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu s[ifs ;d"xx?sf] klxrfg / u7g ;d"xsf cu'jf ls;fg x?nfO{ Joj:yfkg tyf k|;f/0f
tflnd lbO ;d"x s[ifsx?df cu'jfs[ifs / ;xhstf{ åf/f s[lif tyf kz'kfngsf k|ljlwx? k'¥ofO{Psf]5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf
v8f u/]sf] s[lif tyf kz' ladf k|0ffnL÷sf]ifsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ ;+:yfaf6 k|sfzg x'g] Sofn]08/, a|f];/ tflndx?df
lat/0f ul/g] xft] krf{, ;+:yfsf] lgoldt a}7s aflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef cflb jf6 k|rf/ k|;f/ ul/Psf]5 . ;+:yfsf] sfo{ If]q
leqsf uflj; x?sf] kl/ifbdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ ;lrj x?nfO{ kqfrf/ ul/ cfufld jif{ b]vL kl/ifb jf6 ;d]t of]
sfo{qmdsf] nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ k|ltj4tf hfx]/ u/]sf 5g . ;+:yfdf tklzn cg';f/sf] Ps s[lif ladf Joj:yfkg
;ldtL u7g ul/ ;f]sf] dfWofd jf6 k|rf/ k|;f/sf nflu k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ul/Psf]5 .
o >L cfof]hgf ;+of]hs lrGtfdl0f kf}8]n – ;+of]hs, - k~rf;] jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf_
o >L r]tgfy clwsf/L – ;b:o, -al/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t s[lif lasf; sfof{no :ofªhf_
o >L df]tLk|;fb nfld5fg] – ;b:o -kz' :jf:Yo k|fljlws kz' z]jf sfof{no :ofªhf_
o >L ?s'dbQ zdf{ – ;b:o, -cWoIf ;fe]bf/ ;+:yf cfk;L ;xof]u s]Gb| :ofªhf g]kfn_
o >L em+sgfy kf}8]n – ;b:o -uflj; :tl/o s[ifs ;~hfnsf] cWoIf jfªl;ª_
o;sf] ;fy} lhNnfdf /x]sf] ;xsf/L ;+3sf] a}7s, s[lif z]jfs]Gb| :tl/o s[ifs ;~hfn dfkm{t k|rf/ k|;f/ ul/ o;
df]8]nsf] k|j4{g ul/Psf]5 . ;+:yf tyf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf dfkm{t ;~rfng ul/g] cGo lqmofsnfk x?df ;xhstf{x? dfkm{t
k|;f/0f ul/Psf]5 . ;+:yfsf] aflif{s k|ltj]bg, cfof]hgfsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/ ;/f]sf/ jfnf lgsfo tyf ;b:ox?df
hfgsf/L / k|;f/0f ul/Psf]5 .
pTkfbg ul/Psf s[lif tyf kz' hGo kbfy{sf] :yflgo / afXo ahf/ lj:tf/sf] nflu kxn ul/Psf] 5 . z]o/ ;b:ox?df
o;sf] k|efj km}nfpg ;/f]sf/jfnf x?sf] cGt/lqmof, a}7s, uf]i7L, ;b:o e]63f6 cflb jf6 o;sf] k|;f/ ul/b} cfPsf]5 .
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ladf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt kl/rfng
@& ;d"x %$ hgf cu'jf s[ifsx? jf6 ;d]t s[lif aLdfsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ / Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u .
@!* hgf ;d"x s[ifs ;b:osf] afv|f kfng, e};L kfng, df}/L kfng / uf]ne]+8f v]tL / To;sf]] aLdf ;DjGwL
tflnd .
@!# hgfn] afv|fsf kf7f kf7L vl; af]sf, l3p dx / df}/L uf]nf, Pj+ uf]ne]+8f laqmL u/L ;/b/ ? $)(%@.–
cfDbfgL u/]sf .
;+:yfn] kz' ladf / s[lif ladfsf] gLlt tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 .
(* hgfn] afv|f, (# hgfn] e}+;L, $@ hgfn] df}/L uf]nf / #& hgfn] Knfi6Ls 6g]ndf uf]ne]+8f v]tLsf] aLdf
u/]sf .
s[lif ladfsf] k|efj jf6 uf]ne]8f v]tL ug]{sf] ;+Vof b'O{ ;d"xdf % hgf jf6 a9]/ !& hgf -#$)Ü_ / df}/Lkfng
ug]{ s[ifssf] ;+Vof !& hgf jf6 a9]/ $( hgf -@**=@#Ü_ k'us
] f] .
sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/Ltf jf6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ;b:o %&( jf6 &)& hgf k'u]sf .
Targeted Outputs:
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
@& ;d"xsf %$ hgf cu'jf s[ifssf] aLdfsf]if sf] :yfkgf / Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL 1fg, lzk Ifdtfdf clea[l4
ePsf] x'g]5 .
@& ;d"xsf $)% hgf ;d"x s[ifs ;b:osf] afv|f kfng, e};L kfng, df}/L kfng / uf]ne]+8f v]tL /
To;sf]] aLdf Jj:yfkg ;DjGwL 1fg, lzk, Ifdtf clea[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .
s[ifs z]o/ ;b:o x?n] ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] C0f cfod'ns sfo{df nufgL u/L ;dod} lkmtf{ u/]sf x'g]5g .
cfof]hgfdf ;+nUg #$% hgf ;b:o s[ifsn] uf]ne]8f, df}/L uf]nf tyf dx, e};L tyf b'w 3Lp / afv|fsf
kf7fkf7Lsf] laqmL jf6 aflif{s ;/b/ ? !@*@^.– afx| xhf/ cf7 ;o 5AaL; ?k}of k|lt s[ifs yk cfDbfgL u/]sf
x'g]5g .
;+:yfn] kz' ladf / s[lif ladfsf] gLlt tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog u/]sf] x'g]5 .
s[lif tyf kz' ladfsf] df]8]n ljsf;e} ;f] jf6 s[lif ljsf;df kg]{ k|efj jf/] cg';Gwfg ePsf] x'g]5 .
sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/Ltf jf6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ;b:o aGg]sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .
39
Activities
Progress status
s[ifs ;d"xsf] klxrfg, u7g / ;~rfng -@& ;d"x_
afv|f kfng / aLdf tflnd -&% hgf # lbg_
e};L kfng / aLdf tflnd -&% hgf # lbg_
df}/L kfng / aLdf tflnd -$) hgf % lbg_
Knf:6Ls 6g]ndf uf]ne]+8f v]tL / aLdf tflnd -!* hgf % lbg_
s[ifssf] ;xeflutfdf pTkfbgsf] of]hgf tof/L -@& ;d"x ! lbg_
aLdfsf]ifsf] :yfkgf tyf Joj:yfkg -@& ;d"x_
afv|f aLdf sf] df]8]n ljsf; -!%) uf]6f_
e};L aLdf sf] df]8]n ljsf; -&% j6f_
df}/L aLdfsf] df]8]n ljsf; -@%3f/_
Knf:6Ls 6g]ndf uf]ne]+8f v]tL aLdfsf] df]8]n ljsf; -!* hgf !÷! j6f_
aLdf ubf{ / gubf{sf] s[lif ljsf;df kg]{ km/s jf/]df yk cg';Gwfg ug]{ -Ps k6s_
ladf pk;ldtL jf6 ladf u/]sf] j:t'sf] cg'udg / k|fljlws ;Nnfx -b'O k6s_
cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg, -Ps k6s_
sfo{qmdsf] aflif{s ;ldIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sg a}7s -Ps k6s_
cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ -Ps k6s_
Remarks
@& ;d"x
&% hgf # lbg
&% hgf # lbg
$) hgf % lbg
!* hgf % lbg
@& ;d"x ! lbg
@& ;d"x
!%@ uf]6f
(# hgf ($ j6f_
@% 3f/
!* hgf !÷! j6f
! k6s
ltg k6s ;DkGg
;DkGg
;DkGg
]
;DkGg
Achievements /Findings (in case of research projects)
1=
@& j6f ;d"x kl/rfng ePsf .
2=
%$ hgf cu'jf s[ifsx? jf6 ;d]t s[lif aLdfsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ / Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u .
3=
!@ ;d"xsf !%% hgf s[ifs n] afv|fkfng, ;ft ;d"xsf !%) hgfn] e};L kfng, ltg ;d"xsf @( hgf s[ifsn]
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
10=
11=
12=
13=
40
df}/Lkfng / % ;d"xsf $% hgf s[ifsn] uf]ne]8f v]tL tflnd k|fKt ul/ afv|f, e}+;L / df}/L kfng / uf]ne]8f
v]tL u/]sf .
!!% hgfn] afv|fsf kf7f kf7L vl; af]sf laqmL u/L ;/b/ ? *$%@.– %& hgfn] e}+;L tyf l3p laqmL u/L ;/b/
? !@%)).– @! hgfn] dx / df}/L uf]nf laqmL u/L ;/b/ ? !!))).–@) hgfn] uf]ne]+8f laqmL u/L ;/b/
?=!!))).– cfDbfgL u/]sf .
s[ifs z]o/ ;b:o x?n] ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] C0f cfod'ns sfo{df nufgL u/L ;dod} lkmtf{ ugf{n] efvf
gf3]sf] C0f g/x]sf] .
;+:yfn] kz' ladf / s[lif ladfsf] gLlt sfof{Gjog u/]sf] .
of] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ePsf]n] lhNnf el/ k|;f/0f ug'{kg]{ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nosf] egfO{ .
!)@ j6f e}+;L, !@! j6f afv|f, $% j6f df}/L uf]nf / #& j6f Knf:6Ls 6g]nsf] ladf su/]sf
#) hgfn] lhljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu afv|f, e};L, df}/L, / uf]ne]8fsf] pTkfbg of]hgf tof/ u/]sf .
s[lif ladfsf] k|efj jf6 uf]ne]8f v]tL ug]{sf] ;+Vof b'O{ ;d"xdf % hgf jf6 a9]/ !& hgf -#$)Ü_ / df}/Lkfng
ug]{ s[ifssf] ;+Vof !& hgf jf6 a9]/ $( hgf -@**=@#Ü_ k'u]sf] .
xfn ;Dd ?=$!*^^).– ladf sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] .
sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/Ltf jf6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ;b:o %&( hgf jf6 &)& hgf k'u]sf .
kf+r j6f u|fdL0f jrt tyf C0f ;d"xx? ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf cfj4 ePsf .
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
c3f{vf+rL lhNnfdf ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodåf/f s[lif pTkfbgsf] jhf/ Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf
609/2008-09
;bfgGb h};L
lzjfno uf=lj=;= jf8{ g+= $ k|ultrf]s, s'Zdf kj{t
)^&– $@)(#& df]jfO{n (*$!##%(*#
)^&– $@)@)^
[email protected] ; [email protected]
• RCHDC - Arghakhanchi
• District Agriculture Development Office, Arghakhanchi
End Date:
>fj0f )^^
kmfNu"0f )^*
@((*)&^.
c3f{vf+rL lhNnfsf % uflj; - g/kfgL, vf+rLsf]6, g'jfsf]6, l9s'/f / wgrf}/_
BACKGROUND
$)*^( kl/jf/df !!@)$@ dlxnf / (^#$( k'?if hg;+Vof ePsf] c3f{vf+rL lhNnfdf #($ j6f ls;fg ;d"x s[lif
ljsf; sfof{nodf btf{ eO{ s[oflzn /x]sf 5g\ . lt ;d"xx?df $%%@ dlxnf / @(%& k'?if ;+ul7t 5g\ . oL dWo] !*&
;d"xsf] p2]Zo ljlqm of]Uo s[lif pTkfbg -t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, slkm, df}/L, cb'jf cfbL_ ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . oL ;j} ;d"xn] s[lif
ljsf; sfof{no, s[lif If]qdf sfo{/t !# :yflgo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf jf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf s[lif pTkfbg a[l4 ug]{
s'g} g s'g} ;Lk k|fKt u/L s[lif pTkfbg j[l4df k|oTglzn 5g\ . oL ;d"xx?n] ;+sng u/]sf] !%$&$()÷– xLtsf]if klg
s[lif pTkfbg j[l4sf] nflu kl/rfng eO{ lbg k|ltlbg a9L /x]sf] 5 .
c3f{vf+rL lhNnfsf ^(∞ eGbf jl9 ls;fg;+u cfkm\gf] v]tL of]Uo hldg !) /f]kgL eGbf sd 5 . t;y{ ;d"xdf cfj4
ls;fgx?df ltg} ;fgf ls;fgx?sf] jfx'Notf x'g' :jefljs 5 . ;fgf ls;fgx?sf] s[lifhGo j:t'sf] pTkfbg kl/df0f yf]/}
x'G5 . To;nfO{ cf+km}n] plrt d'No kfpg] jhf/df k'¥ofpg vlr{nf] x'G5 eg] l5/lnP/ j;]sf ls;fgx?n] yf]/} yf]/}
pTkfbg u/]sf] s[lifhGo j:t' lsGg 6f9fsf] Jofkf/L klg cfO{ k'Ub}gg\ . cfof]hgf If]qsf afl;Gbfsf] s[lifhGo j:t'sf]
pTkfbg / jhf/ Joj:yf ug]{ vfnsf s'g} ;+/rgf jf ;xsf/L klg lhNnfdf pknJw 5}gg\ . t;y{ o; lhNnfsf
Jojzflos s[lif pTkfbg tkm{ cu|;/ ;j} ls;fgx?sf] ;+w} cfkm\gf] pTkfbgn] plrt ahf/ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] ug]{ / s]xL
;do kl5 ;f] Jojzfojf6 knfog x'g] u/]sf] kfO{G5 .
;d"xdf cfj4 ls;fgx?nfO{ ;fd'lxs ?kdf l;k÷k|ljlw l;Sg / jhf/ Joj:y fug{ ;fd'lxs ?kdf k|oTg ug{ nufpg'
pko'Qm x'G5 . To;sf]nflu jhf/sf] dfudf cfwf/Lt pTkfbg k|0ffnL / pTkflbt j:t'nfO{ ls;fgx?sf] ;+nUgtf /
nufgLdf cfwf/Lt ;xsf/Ljf6 plrt d'No k|fKt x'g] jhf/df k7fpg] kl/kf6L :yflkt ug' g} ;j} eGbf pko'Qm pkfo
b]lvG5 . ;f]xL k|of]hgsf]nflu ls;fg ;d"xx?, s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf k|fljlws / ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?sf] ;Nnfx / ;'emfj
cg';f/ of] cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ kf/LPsf] xf] .
PROJECT SUMMARY
c3f{vf+rL lhNnfsf ;j}h;f] jf8{df slDtdf Pp6f ;fd'bflos ;+u7g s[oflzn /x]sf 5g\ . ;j} ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx?n]
s[lifdf cfwf/Lt s'g} g s'g} cfo cfh{gsf sfdx? ul/ /x]sf5g\ . t/ lt cfo cfh{gsf sfddf s[lifhGo j:t'sf] -ljz]if
u/L t/sf/L, dx, cfn', kmnkm"n tyf cGgjfnL_ pTkfbgx? s'g} of]hgf ljgf h;nfO{ hlxn] dgnfUof] TolQa]nf pTkfbg
ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . ahf/d s'g ;dodf s'g s[lifhGo j:t'sf] dfu / d"No pRr x'G5 eGg] hfgsf/L s[ifsx?nfO{ pknJw
5}g . To;}u/L To; If]qsf] kfo kg]{ jhf/sf Jofkf/Lx?nfO{ klg slxn] s'g s[lifhGo j:t' sltdfqfdf pTkfbg x'G5 ;f]
jf/]df hfgsf/L x'b}g . To;sf/0f pTkflbt a:t'n] plrt jhf/ kfpg ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . pTkflbt a:t'n] plrt d"No
gkfPsf] sf/0f Jojzflos ljlqm of]Uo s[lifhGo j:t'sf] pTkfbg ug]{ s[ifs klg s]xL ;do kl5 lgjf{xd"vL s[lif pTkfbg
tkm{ knfog tkm{ knfog ePsf] b]lvG5 . Jojzflos ?kdf s[lifhGo pTkfbg ul/ /x]sf s[ifsx?n] x/]s e]nf j}7sx?df
s[lifhGo j:t'sf] jhf/ Joj:yfkg jf/]df rsf]{ cfjfh p7fp+b} cfPsf lyP .
æs[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj b'j} a[l4 ug]{ ljlw k|lqmofnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{Æ /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]ifsf]
nIf 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] ;xof]udf cfof]hgf If]qsf %&! s[ifs kl/jf/nfO{ kfos kg]{ ahf/ If]qdf s[lifhGo j:t'sf] dfu
/ d"Nosf] jf/]df hfgsf/L lg/Gt/ kfO{ /xg] Joj:yf / ls;fgx?n] ahf/sf] dfudf cfwf/Lt jfnLkfqf] jgfO{ s[lif pTkfbg
ug]{ kl/kf6L j;fNg]5g\ . To:t} afnL kfqf]sf] cfwf/df pTkflbt s[lifhGo j:t'sf] pTkfbg kl/df0f af/]df Jofkf/Lx?n] yfxf
kfpg] pTkflbt s[lif j:t'nfO{ s[ifsx?s} ;+nUgtfdf :yflkt ;xsf/L dfkm{t plrt d"No kfpg] ahf/df ljlqm ug]{
41
kl/kf6L :yflkt ug]{5 . o; kl/of]hgfn] sfo{qmdsf] sfo{qmdsf] cGTo;Dddf jhf/sf] dfudf cfwf/Lt s[lif pTkfbg ug{
pTk|]/Lt ug]{ / pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ Joj:yf ug]{ kl/kf6L :yflkt u/fpg] 5 . h;jf6 o; cfof]hgf If]qsf s[ifsx?nsf]
s[lifhGo j:t'sf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj b'j} j[l4 x'g]5 . t;y{ o; cfof]hgfn] /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]ifsf]
nIf k|flKtdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 .
ls;fgx?sf dfux? kl/k'lt{ ug{ / NARDF sf] nIf kl/k'lt{df ;xof]u ug{ cfj]bs ;+:yfsf] s[lif ljsf;sf] If]qdf nfdf]
;do;Dd cu'ufO{ ul/ cfPsf s[lif ljz]if1sf] g]t[tj / RCHDC sf] ;xof]u tyf :yflgo uflj;x? ;d]tsf] ;xof]udf
s[ifsx?s}dfq ;+nUgtfdf ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodåf/f s[lifhGo j:t'sf] Jojzflos pTkfbg tyf lt j:t'sf] jhf/ ;'lglZrt
u/L u|fld0f If]qsf s[ifsx?sf] lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .
NARDF sf] p2]Zo dWo] Pp6f p2]Zo …pkof]ustf{sf] dfu cg'?ksf / kf/Ljf/Ls yk cfo j[l4 ug]{ ljlw k|lqmofnfO{ k|j4{g
ug]{Ú /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;sf]nflu tof/ ul/Psf] bL3{sfnLg s[lif of]hgfsf p2]Zox? dWo] æs[lifhGo
a:t'sf] cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug]{ tyf ;+efJo s[lif pkhsf] lgof{t k|j4{g ug'{sf ;fy} :yflgo s[lifhGo j:t'sf] pkof]usf]
ljsf;sfnflu sRrf kbfy{ cfk'lt{ ug]{Æ klg /x]sf] 5 -s[lif ljsf; sfof{no c3f{vf+rL @)^%_ .
o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo klg s[lif ;d"xdf cfj4 eO{ Jojzflos ?kdf s[lif pTkfbg ul/ ;f]jf6 x'g] cfo cfh{gåf/f
hLjg:t/ ;'wf/ ug{ k|oTg/t ls;fgx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] pTkfbgn] lg/Gt/ ?kdf plrt d"No kfpg] cfjZos u'0f:t/Lo
jLp ljhg / s[lif cf}hf/sf] pknJwtfdf ;xhtf / s[ifsx?nfO{ cfjZos 1fg, l;k tyf k|ljlw lg/Gt/ ?kdf k|fKt ug]{
kl/kf6L :yflkt ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . To; k|sf/sf] kl/kf6L ls;fgx?sf]dfq ;+nUgtf / nufgLdf :yflkt x'g] s[lif
;xsf/Ln]dfq j;fNg ;S5 . To; k|sf/sf] ;xsf/Ln] s[ifsx?nfO{ JolQmut tyf ;fd'lxs of]hgf jgfO{ pTkfbg ug{
pTk|]/Lt / pTkflbt j:t'nfO{ plrt d"No kfpg] jhf/df k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ug]{5 . o;jf6 ls;fgn] cfkm\gf lgoldt
pTkfbg tyf cfDbfgLjf6 vfg k'Ug] cjlwdf yk # dlxgf j[l4 ug{ ;Ifd x'g] 5 .
NARDF sf] nIf æs[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj b'j} j[l4 ug]{ ljlw k|lqmofnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{Æ tyf p2]Zo …s[lif j:t'sf]
pTkfbg j[l4åf/f vfB ;'/Iff clej[l4 ug]{Ú /x]sf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfn] s[ifsx? cf+km}n] jhf/sf] dfudf cfwf/Lt s[lifhGo
j:t'sf] pTkfbg ug]{, ;f] sf] plrt d"No k|fKt ug]{ / cfjZos 1fg, l;k tyf k|ljlw klg cfkm\g} kxndf cfjZostf
cg';f/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] kl/kf6L :yflkt ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf]n] cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zon] /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;
sf]ifsf] nIf p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;'lglZrt 5 .
Beneficiaries
cfof]hgf If]qsf g'jfsf]6, wgrf}/, l9s'/f, vf+rLsf]6 / g/kfgL uf=lj=;=sf $%@( kl/jf/ dWo] !)^^ kl/jf/ ;+nUg ePsf
vfBfGg, t/sf/L, df}/L, kmnkm"n tyf ljljw pTkfbgsf] p2]Zo lnO{ btf{ ePsf %@ s[ifs ;d'zx dWo] ljlqm of]Uo s[lifhGo
j:t' pTkfbg ug]{ p2]Zo #) j6f /x]sf 5g\ . lt s[ifs ;d"xdf cfj4 $)* dlxnf / !*% k'?if u/L hDdf %(#
ls;fgx?n] cfof]hgfsf] ;xof]ujf6 cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] jhf/ Joj:yf ug]{ kl/kf6L :yflkt ul/ cfkm\gf] hLjg:t/ ;'wf/
ug]{5g\ .
cfof]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg t/ cfkm\gf] v]tL of]Uo hldg Go"g ePsf ljkGg ls;fgx?n] klg w]/} hldg x'g]
ls;fgnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ >ldssf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ yk cfj;/ k|fKt ul/ nfeflGjt x'g]5g\ .
cfof]hgfn] k|ToIf ?kdf g;d]6]sf cGo ls;fgx? klg k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg ls;fgx?n] u/]sf] sfdsf] ;f]wvf]h tyf
cg's/0f ul/ nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg] 5g\ . cfof]hgf If]qsf ghLsdf j:g] pkef]Qmfx? klg tfhf tyf :j:ys/ vfBj:t'
lsg]/ vfg] cj;/ kfpg]5g\ .
Targeted Out puts and Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVIs)
Output 1 s[ifsx?n] cfkm\gf] hldgdf pTkfbg x'g] s[lif pTkfbgsf] cj:yf, ;f] sf] jhf/df dfu / d"No s] s:tf] 5 eGg]
;"rgf lgoldt ?kdf cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ kl/kf6L :yflkt ePsf] x'g] 5 .
!=!= ;g\ @)!) sf] cGTo;Dddf cfof]hgf If]qdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg ls;fg ;d"xn] cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf sf] s:sf]df
s] slt kl/df0fdf s:tf] u'0f:t/sf] ljlqm of]Uo s[lif pTkfbg 5 / x'g ;S5 eGg] oyfy{ tYof+s ;+sng ul/
lgoldt ?kdf s[lif ;xsf/LnfO{ pknJw u/fO{ /x]sf x'g]5g\
!=@= @)!) sf] cGTo;Dd #) ;d"x s[ifs ;d"xx?n] cfkm\gf] kfos kg]{ jhf/ If]qdf s'g ;dodf s[lifhGo j:t'sf]
dfu / d'Nosf] cj:yf s] 5 eGg] ;'rgf lgoldt ?kdf k|fKt ul/ /x]sf x'g]5g\ .
Output 2 : s[ifsx?n] ;d"xut ?kdf jflif{s s[lif pTkfbgsf]nflu jfnL kfqf] tof/L u/L sfof{Gjog ul//x]sf x'g]5g\
@=! @)!) sf] cGTo;Dddf cfof]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg ;j} ;d"xsf %(# s[ifsx?n] kfos kg]{ If]qjf6 k|fKt
;'rgfnfO{ cfwf/ jgfO{ jhf/sf] dfudf cfwf/Lt eO{ cfkm\gf] If]qdf /fd|f] pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] s[lifhGo j:t'sf]
pTkfbg jfnLkfqf] tof/ ul/ ;f]xL cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] u'0f:t/sf] s[lif j:t' pTkfbg ul/ /x]sf x'g]5g\ .
42
@=@ @)!! sf] cGTo;Dddf cfofhgfdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg ls;fgx? dWo] yf]/} hldg ePsf !)) ls;fgx?n]
;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf] afnLkfqf]df pNn]v eP cg';f/sf jfnL pTkfbg ug]{ / pTkflbt s[lifhGo j:t'nfO{ jhf/
k'¥ofpg] sfo{df cf}ift jflif{s %) lbg yk sfdsf] cj;/ k|fKt ul/ jflif{s slDtdf ? !) xhf/ yk cfDbfgL
u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
Output 3 : s[ifs ;d"xx?sf] ;+nUgtf / :jldTjdf :yflkt ;xsf/Ljf6} s[lif pTkfbgsf] v/Lb ljlqm ug]{ :yfoL
kl/kf6Lsf] :yfkgf ePsf] x'g]5 .
#=! @)!) sf] cGTo;Dddf cfof]hgfdf If]qsf ljlwjt ;d"xsf] ?kdf ;+ul7t ls;fgx?sf] z]o/df cfwf/Lt
s[lifhGo j:t'sf] v/Lb ljlqm ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] slDtdf Pp6f ;xsf/L sfg"gL ?kdf :yflkt eO{ sfo{ ul/
/x]sf] x'g]5 .
#=@ @)!! sf] cGTo;Dddf cfofhgfdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg ls;fgx? dWo] slDtdf %)) ls;fgx?n] cf+km"n] a]Rg'
kg]{ s[lifhGo j:t' ;j} cf+km} ;+nUg ePsf] ;xsf/L dfkm{t ljlqm u/L cf}iftdf jflif{s ? !% xhf/ cfDbfgL u/L
/x]sf x'g]5g\ .
Output 4 : ;kmn / cg's/0fLo pknlJwx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf] x'g]5 .
$=! :yflgo tyf /fli6«o :t/sf ;+rf/ dfWodjf6 cfof]hgf If]qsf k|ult, ;kmntf tyf l;sfO{ ;DjlGw ;dfrf/ n]v
/rgf k|sf;g ul/ /x]sf x'g]5g\ .
$=@ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] o; If]qnfO{ cWoog cjnf]sg ug]{ If]qsf] ?kdf dfGotf lbO{ cWoog cjnf]sg
ug{ cfpg] x?nfO{ o; If]qsf] cjnf]sg e|d0f ug{ pTk|]/Lt ul/ /x]sf] x'g] 5 .
Up-scaling Pathways
of] cfof]hgf ls;fgx?nfO{ bLuf] ?kdf cfkm\gf] s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 ug]{ / ;f] sf] jhf/ Joj:yf ;d]t cf+km\g} ;+nUgtfdf
ug]{ kl/kf6L :yflkt x'g] ul/ tof/ kf/LPsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfn] ;fd'lxs ?kn] s[lif pTkfbgdf ;+nUg ls;fgx?nfO{ g}
cfkm\gf] nlIft ju{ dfg]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] pknlJw eg]sf] s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodåf/f s[ifsx?sf] pTkfbg j[l4 tyf
pTkflbt j:t'sf] jhf/ Joj:yf ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L :yfkgf ug{ cfof]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg ls;fgx?g} x'g]5g\ .
cfof]hgfdf ;+nUg dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof b'O{ ltxfO{ eGbf jl9 ePsf]n] ;xsf/Lsf] lg0f{o k|lqomofdf klg dlxnfx?sf] lg0f{os
e"ldsf /xg] 5 . cfof]hgfsf jf:tljs nlIft ;d"xn] cfkm\gf] pTkfbg ljlqm ul/ cfDbfgL ug'{sf cltl/Qm ;xsf/Lsf]
cfDbfgLjf6 ;d"xnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ 1fg, l;k tyf k|ljlw klg l;Sg kfpg] x'gfn] s[lifhGo j:t'sf] pTkfbg lgoldt x'g]
5 . cfof]hgf cjlwdf cfof]hgf If]qdf pTkflbt j:t' nu]/ ljlqm ug{ ;lsg] sf7df08f}, kf]v/f, j'6jn, h:tf jhf/df
s'g ;dodf s'g j:t'sf] s] d"No x'g] /x]5 eGg] cWoog ug]{ ;d"xx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] u/Lg] 5 . o;jf6 ;d"xn] s'g
;dodf s'g j:t' pTkfbg u/] jl9 d'No kfO{G5 To:tf j:t' cfkm\gf] ;d'xdf s] slt pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 To; jf/]df
lg0f{o ul/ ;f]xL cg';f/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ 5g\ . o;jf6 jhf/df cfjZos kg]{ j]nfdf ls;fg ;d"xjf6 j:t' pTkfbg ug{
pTk|]/0ff ldNg] g} 5 . cfof]hgf cjlwdf lgdf{0f tyf k|j4{g ul/Psf ;xsf/Ljf6 cfof]hgfsf pknlJwx?sf] ;+/If0f,
;+j4{g÷k|j4{g ug]{ kl/kf6L :yflkt x'g] 5 .
Activities Proposed
Activities
!=! sfo{qmdjf/] hfgsf/L
!=@ ;d"xsf] cfwf/e"t tYof+s ;+sng–
!=# tYof+s ljZn]if0f tyf k|ltj]bg tof/L –
!=$ jhf/sf] dfu / d"No ;DjlGw tYof+s
;+sng÷;Dk|]if0f
!=% jhf/sf] dfu / d"No jf/]df ;d'xdf 5nkmn
@=! ;d"xut ?kdf s[lif pTkfbg ;DjlGw jfnLkfqf]
tof/L / k|of]udf ;xof]u
@=@ s[ifsx?sf] 1fg, l;k wf/0ff ljsf;
#=! ;d'bfodf cfwf/Lt s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgfdf
;xof]u
#=@ s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df ;xof]u
#=# s[lif j:t'sf] v/Lb ljlqm Joj:yf
Progress status
@)^^ >fj0f dlxgfdf ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf]
@)^^ efb| / cflZjg dlxgfdf ;DkGg ePsf]
@)^^ d+lz/–kf}if dlxgfdf ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf]
)^^ sflt{s dlxgfjf6 lg/Gt/ rln )^* kmfNu'gdf ;DkGg
eO{ ;s]sf]
@)^^ dfu{ dlxgf b]lv lg/Gt/ rln /x]sf] 5
)^^ sflt{s dlxgf b]lv ;+rfng eO{ /x]sf] 5 )^*
kmfNu'gdf ;DkGg ePsf].
)^^ r}qjf6 ljleGg r/0fdf ;+rfnLt . -;DkGg_
cfof]hgf If]qdf % j6f s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5
;fy} ;j} ;xsf/Lsf] lhNnf :t/Lo s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf
ePsf] 5 .
@)^& d+l;/ jf6 z'?jft eO{ @)^* j}zfvdf ;DkGg eO{
;s]sf]
;"rgf hfgsf/Lx? Jojl:yt ug]{ sfo{ @)^^ dfu{ b]lv
43
$=! ;+rf/ dfWodjf6 k|rf/ k|;f/
$=@ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo
$=# cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
lg/Gt/ rln /x]sf] 5 . s[lif ;fdfu|L vl/b ljqmL ug{ u7g
ePsf] ;Ghfnn] ;fdfu|L vl/b ug{sf] nflu Jofkfl/x? ;+u
;Dks{ tyf klxrfg ul/ kl/of]hgf If]qdf pTkfbg ePsf]
s[lif ;fdfu|Lx?sf] vl/b ljqmL ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 .
@)^& >fj0f b]vL lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfof]hgfsf ultljlw,
pknlJwx? tyf To; ;DjlGw ;dfrf/ :yflgo b]p/fnL
Pkm=Pd=jf6 k|;f/0f x'g] u/]sf] 5 . )^* kmfNu'gdf ;DkGg
eO{ ;s]sf]
klxnf] ;dGjo j}7s )^^ >fj0fdf , b]f>f] )^& c;f/df
t]>f] @)^* c;f/df ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgf 6Ld / s[lif ljsf; sfof{no jf6 lgoldt
cg'udg eO{ /x]5 . ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf]
Achievements (also include Findings in case of Research Projects)
! s[ifsx?n] cfkm\gf] hldgdf xfn pTkfbg eO{ /x]sf] / pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] s'g j:t'sf] j'6jn, kf]v/f / sf7df08f}df
slxn] slt d'No kg]{ /x]5 eGg] hfgsf/L lgoldt ?kdf k|fKt ul/ /x]sf 5g\ .
@ s[ifs ;d'xn] jhf/df pRr d'No kfO{g] ;dodf s] s] pTkfbg s] slt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] jf/]df 5nkmn ul/ /x]sf5g\ .
# s[ifsx?n] jhf/sf] dfudf cfwf/Lt eO{ s[lif j:t'sf] pTkfbg ug]{ ;+jlGwt 1fg, l;k wf/0ff ljsf; u/fpg] tflnd
lnO{ /x]sf5g\
$ #) j6f s[ifs ;d"xn] JolQmut tyf ;fd'lxs ?kdf )^( efb|;Ddsf] afnLkfqf] tof/ kf/L sfof{Gog u/L /x]sf 5g\ .
% kl/of]hgf ;Grfng ePsf] kfr} uf=lj=;=df s[lif j:t' ;+sng s]Gb| lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .
^ ! j6f ;xsf/L lgdf{0f tyf $ j6f k'/fgf ;xsf/LnfO{ ;xof]u ul/ ;f]xL s[lif ;xsf/L dfkm{t s[lif hGo ;fdfu|Lsf]
vl/b ljqmL ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
& s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, :yflgo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/ /x]sf] 5 . Project Title :
Project No :
Project Coordinator
Address
Telephone
Fax
Email
Collaboration/Partners
Duration of Project
Project Cost
Location of Project
Improving the productivity of resource poor farmers' pig herds
through promotion of genetically improved pig genotypes in Bardiya
district.
PP-610/2008/09
Ram Prasad Ghimire
United Youth Community-Nepal (UNYC – Nepal), Guleriya, Bardiya
9851137079, 084 420012/421038
084-421038
District Livestock Services Office, Guleriya, Bardiya Community
Development Organization, Guleriya, Bardiya
August 2009 to July 2012 (3 years project)
Rs. 2160000.00 (Nrs.1926000.00 NARDF budget and 224000.00
Collaborators Contribution)
Eleven VDCs of Karnalipari of Baridiya district (Rajapur, Bhimapur,
Manpur tapara, Badalpur, Daulatpur, Manaou, Pashupatinagar, Gola,
Patavaar, Naya gaun and Khairichandan) of Mid Western Development
Region
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Bardiya district is predominantly an agricultural district of Nepal. Majority of the human population of the
district is from Tharu ethnic group. Accordingly, the Tharu community holds the major population (about
70%) of the Rajapur, Bhimapur, Manpur tapara, Badalpur, Daulatpur, Manaou, Pashupatinagar, Gola,
Patavaar, Naya gaun and Khairichandanpur VDCs. All these 11 VDCs are surrounded by Karnali river in east,
north and west (Karnalipari); and are considered as backward in terms of social, educational and physical
44
development. The major occupation of the Tharu community in these VDCs is agriculture (crop-livestock
mixed farming).
Piggery is generally popular among the socially disadvantaged and economically poor peoples in the Tharu
community of Bardiya due to cash generation, household nutrition and some religious/socio-cultural purpose.
Culturally, the communities are raising the pigs almost in every household of the aforementioned VDCs of
Bardiya district. Scavenging system of pig farming has been a traditional occupation in the district. Pigs are
reared in low plane of nutrition, inadequately housed and highly inbred resulting in low productivity.
The pigs adopted in the community are of local breeds. The productivity of the existing breeds, in terms of
live weight (20 -30 kg adult weight) and prolificacy (3-7 piglets in parity) are quite low in comparison to the
improved ones. The improved breeds; landrace and yorkshire are higher productive, attains higher live weight
of 100 to 250 kg adult weight and 10-15 piglets in the moderate management conditions The project
envisaged to enhance the livelihood of the resource poor farmers of Tharu communities in the Bardiya
district.
Project Purpose
The purpose of the project is to increase the pork production and improve the productivity of the pig herds of
resource poor farmers in Bardiya district. The project broadly envisaged to increase the household income for
enhancing the livelihood of the resource poor farmers of Tharu communities in the Bardiya district, which
will be an important effort for the poverty reduction in regional and national level.
The project expected the increment of 10 percent population of the pig from the present population of 42000
heads of pigs in Bardiya district. Similarly, the increment of the productivity of pig is expected from 38 to 55
kg dressed meat pig-1, and increment in income by NRs 15000 year-1. This improvement will be achieved by
introduction of high productive pig breeds (viz. yorkshire and landrace) and capacity building of the farmers
for improved managerial practices through training, visits and regular monitoring.
Beneficiaries
A total of 220 fattener farmers and 3 breeder farmers involved in the project (from Rajapur, Bhimapur,
Manpur tapara, Badalpur, Daulatpur, Manaou, Pashupatinagar, Gola, Patavaar, Naya gaun and Khairichandan
VDCs of Bardiya district of Mid Western Development Region) are the first hand beneficiaries by getting the
improved genotypes of pigs, training on raising technologies and necessary services on inputs and outputs.
Also, partial job opportunities for at least 220 farmers and full time jobs for 3 farmers will be created to the
farmers of the project location.
The farmers from the vicinity of the project areas are benefited by the project during the project period and
also will be after the accomplishment of the project. They are benefited from dissemination of genetically
superior piglets, improved management technologies and well established market channel. Three resource
centers established by the project in participation with leader farmers (breeder farmers) will be continued after
the accomplishment of the project. Strong linkages are established between breeder farmers and DLSO
Bardiya; and technical inputs are/will be provided by DLSO, Bardiya. In future, the breeder farms will be the
resource centers for improved piglet for DLSOs, CBOs, NGOs and farmers. Hence, the pig farmers of the
Mid and Far Western Regions are/will be benefitted by getting genetically superior piglets and disseminations
of skills and technologies from farmers to farmers.
Improvement of meat shops has benefited to the butchers, pork consumers by maintaining meat quality.
Strengthening of the market channels are benefiting pork producers, butchers and market personnel. Local and
regional pig marketing intermediates and butchers are/will be benefited by getting the higher numbers of pigs
in the local areas, established market channels and improved slaughter houses.
Other pig breeding farms/pig resource centers, feed industries and agro-vet shops of the Mid and Far Western
Regions are getting opportunities to extend their market and will continue in future.
In addition, the visitors and other farmers groups will get the appropriate venue of very good example of the
improved pigs under resource poor farming community. The publication like success stories will be beneficial
to all the extension workers, researchers, progressive farmers, university teachers, students and so on.
The women who will participate in the project will be directly involved in the income generating activities. It
will empower them, which contribute to the gender balance in the society, and if applied in broader scale in
the nation.
45
The project will be implemented for the livelihood improvement of the Tharu communities which will help to
bring them into the mainstream of national development. It will strengthen the social inclusion in the national
process.
Objectively verifiable indicators
Because of the introduction of 220 improved genotypes of pigs, additional 35 tons of pork and 300 piglets
will be produced by 2011 in the project location.
With the introduction of two improved breeds of pigs, and training and observation tour of the farmers,
improved pig raising technologies will be adopted by the end of 2009. It will create partial job opportunities
to 220 pig raising farmers and full time job opportunities to 3 breeder farmers.
At least five meat shops will be improved for quality and hygienic meat production and supply. Those meat
shops will be improved by paving tiles/marbles, and provision of ventilation, tap, drainage and the like.
A workshop will be organized, experiences/lesion learned and success story published to upscale the
programs of the project by the end of 2011.
Up scaling pathways
A one day workshop will be organized at the end of the project. The DLSOs of Bardiya, Banke, Kailali and
Kanchanpur, functional NGOs, CBOs and farmers' groups/communities, meat shop entrepreneurs,
representatives from Chamber of Commerce and Industries will be invited for participation in workshop. The
experiences and lesson learned will be shared, and discussions will be made on important issues, development
procedures and impact of the project. It will be an effective uptake pathway of the project for its wider
dissemination.
The success story publication (in Nepali) of the project will help to the dissemination and replication of the
project in other areas of the country. The success story will be distributed to the DLSOs, NGOs, CBOs,
progressive farmers, extension workers, researchers, university/vocational school teachers, students; from
which they will acquire knowledge and experience sharing of the technical and practical field. Inter-district
and intra-district observation tour/visit of farmers will be another up scaling pathways for the farmers of other
areas.
The delivered knowledge and skills in the training, distributed improved pig germplasms will be disseminated
from farmers to farmers in wider scale due to its comparatively better profit making. DLSOs, NGOs, CBOs
and other developmental agencies will continue the program by incorporating it in their annual program and
budgeting.
Targeted Outputs:
Output 1 Additional pork and piglets produced
Survey report was prepared. Base level information on the social, economic, cultural dimensions of
the farmers and the information on livestock population, breeds and breeding, feed and feeding,
health and bio-security measures and management related issues were established.
Eleven groups of the farmers were formed and working in group approach.
More than 100 peoples including policy makers, extension workers, farmers, administrators were
familiarized about the project and minor amendments were made for implementation.
Two hundred and 23 scientifically modified pig sties were constructed in the area.
Three high productive breeds (Landrace, Yorkshire and duroc) were introduced in the areas.
At least 15 tons of additional pork and 1200 piglets of improved breeds produced in the project area
Output 2 Improved pig raising technology adopted
At least two improved breeds of pigs established by the end of 2009
The skill of the total of 223 farmers for improved piggery was developed through training and
observation tours.
At least one technology of improved pig rearing in semi- condition adapted to the 223 farmers.
Partial job opportunities for at least 223 people created.
Output 3 Meat shops improved and marketing channel established
Three marketing channel established
Six joint trainings to the farmers were organized in the breeder farmers farm premise and linkages
for piglet marketing were established.
46
A linkage for the ready-pig (live pig) marketing is established by the formation
Co-ordination Committee and their regular meetings.
Five meat shop improved and capacity of five meat entrepreneurs enhanced for
meat production/handelling
Output 4 Technology disseminated (to be done)
Five meat shop improved and capacity of five meat entrepreneurs enhanced for
meat production/handelling
Project Status Report:
Activities Proposed
Activities
Activity status
1.1 Baseline
Baseline survey in the aforesaid 11 VDCs of Rajapur areas was
survey
completed in Sept 2009 and the survey report was submitted to
NARDF. The information on social, economic, cultural
dimensions of the farmers and the information on livestock
population, breeds and breeding, feed and feeding, health and
bio-security measures and management related issues. Likewise,
production performance and economics (cost and return) of
livestock is also recorded. The information of the base year of
the project is collected and established. The information will be
used for the comparison to assess the change due to the
intervention of the project in the end of the third year of the
project.
1.2 Update the
Existing 11 groups (formed by DLSO-Bardiya and UNYCexisting
Nepal) were updated/reformed and sensitized as the fattener
farmers'
farmers group. One group consisting of 20 female farmers
groups
(almost 80 percent from Tharu communities) was prepared for
the project in each VDC. The activity was completed on Nov,
2009. Three breeder farmers were selected in Manau, Nayagaun
and Patavaar VDCs.
1.3 Project
A project inception workshop organized in Nov 2009. Project
inception
staffs, collaborators, DLSOs, NGOs, representatives of District
workshop
Development Committee and District Administration Office,
representatives of political parties and social workers had
participated the workshop. Project objectives, implementation
details and expected outputs were presented in the workshop. A
discussion session was organized and minor amendments on
working details were made.
1.4 Agreements
The agreements were made between project and breeder and
and bonding
fatteners farmers in Dec 2009. The project co-coordinator and
president/or secretary of each group had undersigned in the
agreement paper. The breeder farmers will rear the pigs at least
for 5 years and fattener farmers for at least 8 months.
2.1 Training
Altogether, 36 trainings were organized in the areas. The total of
220 fattener farmers and 3 breeder farmers were trained (in-situ)
for pig sty construction, pre-requisite management and feeding
management in February and March 2010.
2.2 Observation
Observation tour of 3 breeder farmers and 100 fattener farmers
tour
of five VDCs was completed in March 2010. The farmers had
visited the scientifically constructed and managed private pig
farms of Banke (2), and Bardiya. The tour/visit will be organized
for rest of the farmers in the third trimester of the first year of the
project.
of three Marketing
clean and hygienic
clean and hygienic
Remarks
Heavy rain and
flood causes delay
start of the project
activities. But,
completed very
successfully.
47
Activities
1.5 Pig sty
construction
2.3 Demonstration
of different
models of
balanced ration
preparation
1.6 Distribution
of the piglets
2.4 Technical
guidance and
monitoring of
the distributed
piglets
3.1 Marketing
channel
strengthen
48
Activity status
The selected 223 farmers had constructed the pig sties. The pig
sties were constructed by the farmers in their own investment
except a little subsidy (NRs 1000 for fattener farmers and 10000
for breeder farmers) by the project. The newly constructed sties
are of cemented floored except some wooden floored.
Different models of feed formulation/preparation were
demonstrated in the farmers’ field. Collaborator/DLSO Chief
Krishna Kanta Neupane and expert Laxmi Prasad Adhikari were
involved in the demonstration of the methodology of ration
formulations/preparations for every group. The respective
technicians (involved in the project) and social mobilzers from
UNYC-Nepal (those who are involved in the project) had
assisted in the demonstration process and gathering and other
group mobilization process.
The farmers were divided into four groups for distributing the
piglets. Then the piglets were distributed to the breeder farmers
in the first phase in January 2010. A total of 15 piglets (1 male
and 4 female piglets to each breeder farmers) were distributed in
Manau, Nayagaun and Patavaar with the aim of developing them
as resource centres in future. The breeder farmers were not
included in the group fund.
Then second, third and fourth phase, 220 piglets were distributed
for the fattener farmers.
Technical assistances on feeding management, breeding
management and husbandry practices has being provided to both
types of farmers; fatteners and breeders regularly. The
vaccinations of swine fever, foot and mouth disease and
scheduled deworming has been done each year. DLSO, Bardiya
is actively collaborating in the process. The data base has been
updated regularly. Three technicians for respective service
centers/sub-service centers has been technically guiding to the
farmers and three social mobilizers are being facilitating the
program.
Regular monitoring of the both types of the farmers is being
done by Community Development Organization staffs, DLSO
staffs, NARDF personnel and the experts.
Thirty six one-day in-situ trainings were conducted in the
farmers' field. Training courses were conducted at the time of sty
construction, prerequisite management and at the time of piglet
distribution. Six trainings were conducted in the breeder farmers'
farms/premise, which has made linkage between breeder
farmers, fattener farmers for the marketing of piglets.
Three marketing co-ordination committees were formed in the
project sites. The Breeder farmer(s), fattener farmers, middle
men and meat shop entrepreneurs are the member of the
committees. It has created/strengthened the marketing linkages
between slaughter houses and the fattener farmers. Two
committees has completed a couple of meetings, but one
committee has organized one meeting to date.
A form has which contains the database of pigs was developed
and distributed to the farmers. But, collection of the forms is still
Remarks
Activities
3.2 Local meat shop
improvement
4.1Up-scaling of
the program
4.2 Reporting/
publication
Activity status
remained.
The project has improved five meat shops in the areas. The
capacity building of a total of five meat shop entrepreneurs were
done in the areas. The entrepreneurs have started to maintain
meat hygiene and sanitation of their shops. It has attracted the
attentions of other meat shop entrepreneurs, consumers and
piggery farmers in the areas. Moreover, a total of five meat
shops were improved for the hygienic and appropriate
slaughtering and quality meat marketing. Five meat shops were
paved by tiles in the meat handling areas, tap and drainage
management in the meat handling areas. The activity is
contributed substantially to achieve the output of improved meat
shops and established/strengthened market channel.
Some part of this activity is completed recently. Organizing the
visit of surrounding farmers to the project sites were completed.
Rests are completed in the third trimester of the third year of the
project.
Remarks
Periodic reports are prepared and submitted to NARDF
secretariat and publications will be done in the third trimester if
the third year of the project.
Achievements
The project is towards the achievements of set four outputs, additional pork and piglets produced (output 1),
improved pig raising technology adopted (output 2), meat shop improved and marketing channel established
(output 3) and technology disseminated (output 4).
All the activities designed to achieve the output 1 were accomplished very satisfactorily and achieving the
output no 1 is continue. A survey report was prepared and submitted to NARDF secretariat. A total of 223
farmers were selected and 11 groups were formed/updated. The farmers were selected and the groups were
formed/updated. The persons of the several fields whether covered by the project or not (but will be needed
for the implementation of the project in future) were informed/aware about the project in inception workshop.
Moreover, the suggestions/guidance to implement the project was taken by the project team which were
useful in implementing the activities of the project. The farmers, included by the project were bonded without
any difficulties/conditions. Altogether, 223 farmers were trained on modified piggery. Altogether, 223
modified and semi-scientific pig sties are constructed in the area. The constructed sties are now producing
additional pork and piglets. Genetically superior 220 piglets were distributed to fattener farmers and three
scientific breeding farms are established in the project areas. They are producing and distributing the
genetically superior germplasms in the areas. Similarly, distributed fattening-piglets were marketed after 6-8
months of their age. The improved breeds are adopted nicely and now growing with a very good body weight
gain. All these works were accomplished very smoothly and farmers are very much enthusiastically involving
in the program. The successful accomplishment of these activities is contributing to the production of
additional pork and piglets in the project areas, which is strongly towards achieve the output 1. Additional 15
metric tons of pork and more than 1200 piglets were produced by the project in the areas. This additional
production is several folds higher than stated in the objectively verifiable indicators.
Several activities like; series of trainings, observation tours to some scientifically managed farms,
demonstration programs of different models of balanced ration preparations, and technical guidance and
monitoring of distributed piglets all the time had implemented very effectively by the project, which had
contributed to achieve the project outputs very satisfactorily. In the materialized term, three improved breeds
(Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc) of pigs were established in the areas and the semi-scientific technologies of
their adoption were adopted. Altogether, 235 improved pigs and their improved raising technologies are
49
adopted in the areas. The technologies were continuously and gradually transferred to the farmers through
technical assistance and monitoring, and also being adopted in the same rate. Some previous activities had
delivered the theoretical knowledge/skills, resources (for e.g. piglets, subsidies to sty construction), training,
observation tour and demonstrations of different models of balanced ration preparation in the project areas to
the farmers. Those had enriched and made them with the more knowledgeful, skilful, confident and
entrepreneur. The activities have added the technical know-how and practical experiences. They are adopting
the acquired knowledge and skills in their field, and were observed quite efficient in piggery. The project
become very much effective because of their capacity enhanced through the different methods of handovers
of the various technologies and dimensions. Moreover, the activity had directly supported them directly in
their piggery, and also their other livestock to some extent. Regular visit of veterinarian, project staffs, and
social mobilizers had made their livestock fit and fine and project as well. The project has been running very
much successfully.
The capacity building of a total of five meat shop entrepreneurs were done in the areas through two-days
training. The entrepreneurs have started to maintain meat hygiene and sanitation of their shops. It has attracted
the attentions of other meat shop entrepreneurs, consumers and piggery farmers in the areas. Moreover, a total
of five meat shops were improved for the hygienic and appropriate slaughtering and quality meat marketing.
Five meat shops were paved by tiles in the meat handling areas, tap and drainage management in the meat
handling areas. The consumers of the areas are getting more hygienic meat and now they become aware on
the issue of meat hygiene.
Marketing linkages for pork and piglets between different stakeholders were done in the areas. In situ training
organized by the project had made more interactions and relationships among piglet producers, meat
producers, butchers and meat traders. Regular visits and tea programs organized by the project had resulted
better interrelationships between the producers and the pig/meat traders of Kailali (Lamki, Tikapur) and Dang
(Lamahi). Similarly, functional existence of there Marketing Co-ordination Committees and their regular
meetings has been facilitating the marketing of the fattened pigs and piglets. Moreover, Organization of
several interactions, creating and strengthening the linkage, establishing and updating of the simple database
and formation of formal committees have been accomplishment very satisfactorily. The established and
strengthend channels have started to work for the marketing of piglets and ready pigs. Moreover, more than
100 pig farmers from the vicinity area has visited the sites and the technologies are expected to scaled to some
extent.
50
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Collaborating
organisations:
Livelihood Improvement of Small Farmers through Promoting of
Commercial Pointed Gourd Production and Marketing Linkages in
Dodahara and Chadani VDCs in Kanchanpur District.
PP-611/2008/09
Kshetra Bahadur Shrestha
National Organization for Millennium Society (NORMS, Nepal)
Maitidevi, GPO Box: 3671, Kathamndu, Nepal
9841179461(ktm), 9848744575(kanchanpur)
[email protected]
1. Rural Development Cooperative Society (RuDCoS), Mahendranagar.
2. District Agriculture Development Office (DADO), Kanchanpur
3. Agriculture Sub Centre, Dodahara, Kanchanpur
1 shrawan 2066
31 Kartik 2067
End Date:
115360
Dodahara and Chadani VDCs in Kanchanpur District.
Start Date:
Project Cost:
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Pointed gourd is a tropical/sub-tropical high value cash crop grown in particular areas of the country. It is a
non perishable, low cost of production, short gestation and perennial vegetable crop and easy for cultivation.
The proposed areas are highly potential for pointed gourd production and it is a major income sources besides
that its contribution in food security and to generate income source for poor farmers. The commercial pointed
gourd farming has been emerging as a major income generation enterprises.
Dodahara and Chadini VDCs newly inhabit areas of the migrated people. Various people and communities
have been living together and still they are facing high migration and displacement from hills and other areas
because of conflict, poverty and high population growth. The area is isolated and surrounded by Indian
Territory. Poverty has widespread in the project areas. Most of the farmers are engaged in subsistence farming
and labours. There are more than 70% people are poor and small farmers. The communities are characterized
by poverty, food insecurity, unemployment, lack of technical knowledge and opportunities. Social and
demographic structure is very complex and they have been always excluded from development services,
farming practices and technologies. The project will diversify livelihoods and increases income level at least
by 20% and enable them to gain self-earning capabilities. It will help to enhance livelihood about 100 small
farmers/pointed gourd producers households and other farmers, vegetable traders and stakeholders benefited
directly and indirectly.
The project aims to improve livelihood of small farmers through promoting commercial pointed gourd
production and marketing linkages. Improved production technology transformation is a major activity. The
project may be a great opportunity for income generation to the poor farmers in project areas. It is
implemented in a practical way that will adopt improved cultivation practices, introduced high yielding
varieties, organize producer groups, enhanced technical skills for commercial farming and developed
marketing linkages that contribute to sustainable income generation and expected to bring tangible outputs
and impacts for agriculture development. Considering these facts, the project has been designed accordingly.
As a result, the project intervention contributes to poverty reduction through the adding of extra income by
creating self-employment opportunities in the project areas. So, the proposed program has designed as per
guidelines with the NARDF priority areas, which has emphasized the agriculture development through
promoting and increasing of small farmer’s participation. It will be responsible for the creation of working
solidarity in the local community and responsive to fulfill the need of target groups. It is a learning and
experience sharing approach for commercial farming and a new dimension of livelihood option for small
farmers' development. Therefore, the agricultural technologies and small farmer development issues are
interrelated in the project document. The general objective of the project is to enhance livlihood of small
51
farmer by promoting of commercial farming of pointed gourd in the project areas’.The purpose of the
project is to commercialize pointed gourd production and marketing system in the project areas.
Beneficiaries
Mainly majority of poor/small farmer including women (25%), dalit (10%), poor (50%) and other farmers
(15%) are selected for pointed gourd production and they will be organized in 10 producer groups and these
are target groups and beneficiaries. Especially, primary beneficiaries are pointed gourd growers constituting
130 households and who have been holding very little land (1-20 Kattha), Secondary target groups are other
farmers and related stakeholders like vegetable traders, agro vets and related development organizations. At
present, there are some pointed gourd farmers who are engaged in pointed gourd production; they will be
mobilized as resource persons for this project implementation. Farmers to farmers working strategy will be
applied for the technology transformation. There are about 3000 population who will be target beneficiaries
including pointed gourd growers, farm labours, vegetable traders and other participating households. Land less
people and others will get employment as farm labour. In addition, the project benefits will also fall over to the
other local farmers, stakeholders, service providers, consumers, retailers, wholesalers and development workers
to be benefited directly and indirectly. Some activities will be covered in the district and national level too.
The target groups and beneficiaries will be selected as per demand and interest of the farmer groups and small
farmer, potential pocket areas and recommendations by the working partners.
1. Cash income increased by 20% of 130 small farmers households by the end of 2010.
2. Quantity of pointed gourd production and marketing increased by 40% at the end of projects.
3. By end of the first year 500 farmers are aware, 200 farmers developed 130 growers selected 10
producer group formed and 5 potential pocket areas identified.
4. By the end of project at least two markets led high yielding varieties ( kajala and Kakaudi)
introduced. Post harvest losses decreased and improved cultivating practices developed and adopted
by the pointed gourd farmers.
5. A pointed gourd producers’ association committee formed and marketing linkage developed in the
district and external markets during the project period.
6. Coordination and linkages developed among the producer groups, vegetable traders, stakeholders/
service providers and other development organizations in the project areas.
Up-scaling Pathways
Pointed gourd is a minor crop of the country but it is indigenous high value cash crop of the project area. It is
a major income sources besides that its contribution in food security and to generate income source for poor
farmers. The project will give emphasis to those farmers who are poor and small land holders and access to
technical support and advices for commercial farming. The project addressed the following inter-related
issues like income generation and self employment opportunities for their livlihood improvement and
technical skill enhancement for commercial farming. It will facilitate to involve district based line agencies,
development organizations and stakeholders for the project activities implementation. The project will also
give higher attention on technical skills enhancement for commercial pointed gourd production and marketing
in the project areas. Participatory approach (farmer to farmer technology transformation) applied as promotion
pathways for the up scaling of the project outputs by the target group and intended beneficiaries. This is a
demand driven project and emphasis is given to promote best practices which will also help in scaling up of
the project outputs. It is a new dimension of the livelihood option for income generation so the project will
diversify livelihoods increasing income level by at least 20% of 100 households and enable them to gain selfearning capabilities.
Targeted Outputs:
Output 1:
Small farmers are aware, organized and promoted for commercial pointed gourd production.
Output 2:
High yielding varieties are introduced and improved cultivation practices adopted among the
farmers in project areas.
Output 3:
A pointed gourd producers association formed and marketing linkages developed in the
project areas.
52
Activities
1.1 Project site and farmer selection
1.2 Awareness
campaigns
and
orientation
1.3 Small farmer producer groups
formation/development
1.4 Inter groups field visits and ideas
sharing
2.1 Field level training/classes on
production technology
2.2 Participatory field demonstration/
experimentation
2.3 Provision
for
Agri
inputs/Technical
support/advices/supervision
2.4 Training
on
post
harvest
technology/quality assurances
3.1 Community Interaction meetings
in production and marketing
management
3.2 Producer association committee
formation and marketing linkages
3.3 Project coordination and staff
management meetings/workshops
3.4 Project outputs dissemination
Progress status
4 pocket areas identified and 200 farmers selected
Remarks
A total of 15 awareness raising and orientation
classes organized during project period
15 group formed during the project period
Completed (three events organized)
A total of 11 training conducted
A total of 13 demonstration conducted
5000 improved nurseries roots and 1000 improved
veins (Kajala varieties) were distributed and these
are adopted in the sites.
A total of 3 training conducted during the project
period
A total of 9 meeting organized between farmers and
vegetable traders during the project period
A pointed gourd producers association committee
formed and functionalized
Project coordination meeting were organized
regularly
Leaflets produced and distributed. Trimester reports,
Final project completion reports prepared and
submitted to concerned stakeholder
1. Four potential pocket areas were identified and 128 farmers selected for commercial pointed gourd
farming in the project areas.
2. Awareness raising and orientation program through meeting, discussion, orientation classes and the local
FM Radio and newspaper increased the farmers participation in the program and promoted the poor and
small farmers in commercial pointed gourd production.
3. Nine pointed gourd producers’ sub groups are formed under the main group and four farmers are
identified as leader farmers one in each four production pocket site and a group facilitator developed in
each producer groups. They are capacitated and mobilized by project activities regularly for the program
implementation.
4. Inter groups and inter district field visit was fruitful in exchanging their experiences.
5. A total 165 producer groups’ representative and growers were trained on three subjects such as nursery
plant preparation, planting methods/cultivation practices and group management.
6. Two resource centres are established at dodohara-8 and 2 for technical support and improved nursery
plants preparation and distribution to poor and small farmers, one improved variety of pointed gourd
(kajala) introduced and adopted in two pocket areas.
7. Project area level pointed gourd producers’ association committee is formed and functionalized. The
committee has a total of 7 executive members and 20 general members.
8. A good coordination linkage developed with stake holders, service providers, vegetable traders,
government and non government organization.
9. Training on post harvest technology/quality assurance farmers capacitated on to reduce post harvest loses
and training on marketing management and interaction meeting with traders developed the marketing
linkage with traders in local areas and external market (Mahendranagar, Dhangadhi, KTM & India)..
53
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Climate change effects on Rice-Wheat system and its mitigation
options in the Tarai region of Nepal.
NARDF 612/2008/2009
Krishna Bahadur Karki, Ph.D.
Forum for Communication and Social Transformation (FORCAST),
Kirtipur, Kathmandu
01-4333935
[email protected];[email protected];
[email protected]
Soil Science Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur
Social welfare Programme, Nepal, Janakpurdham
Agricultural Environment Unit, Khumaltar, Lalitpur
Regional Agriculture Research Station, Tarhara, Sunsari
National Rice Research Program, Baniniya, Dhanusha
Regional Agriculture Research Station, Nepalganj, Banke
National Wheat Research Programme, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi
Mid July, 2009
End Date:
December, 2011
NRs 29,99,480/=
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara
National Rice Research program, Hardinath
National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nepalgunj
Background
Global climate change is the serious environmental threat faced by the people in 21st century. The globe is
undoubtedly warming and the climate is changing. This warming will have real consequences of rise in sea
level, change in precipitation pattern, increased risk of drought and floods and threat of biodiversity. In the
context of Nepal, an average annual temperature increased by 0.06 0C per annum between 1974-94 (Shrestha
et. al., 1996) and projected to rise by 1.20C for 2030, 1.70C by 2050 and 30C by 2100 (Basnet and Tiwari,
2007). The Tarai plain having sub-tropical type of climate recorded average rice in temperature by 0.40C per
decade. These areas experience more active summer monsoon where 80 per cent of total annual rainfall
receives from June to September (Shrestha, 2000).
Annual rainfall levels in the Tarai regions of the country have declined together with increase in the interannual and spatial variability as well as intensity of drought and flood levels. Increase in temperature along
with floods and droughts events in Tarai will adversely impact on agricultural production particularly rice and
wheat. Various studies predicted that higher temperature due to climate change could cause 10-18% reduction
in cereal yield by 2050 and up to 30% by 2080 in Asia (Parry et al., 2004). It indicates that the production and
productivity of agricultural crops in Nepal will also be affected which may lead to sever food insecurity in the
country. Rise in temperature affects the ground water level due to higher evaporation losses. The level of
climate change impact on rice and wheat production and productivity has not yet been accessed in Nepal,
which is need of the present context. On the other hand, the adaption options for the extremes of climate
change has to be identified and developed to sustain the productivity and production of rice and wheat. The
proposed proposal seeks to analyse the time series meteorological data of various location of Tarai and
correlate with production pattern of these two crops. The adaption optional technologies will be developed
through field research and crop growth simulation modeling techniques. Further, awareness program on
climate change and its impact and mitigation options are required at local, regional and national level.
It is necessary to know the local knowledge of farmers on the impact of climate change specially drought,
floods and rising temperature on rice and wheat production system. The climatic weather data of the research
sites needs to be studied in relation to their impact of the production and productivity of rice and wheat. The
54
analysis of time series climatic data will highlight the past, recent past and present scenario of climatic
variability in the selected places. One of the objectives of project is to identify the suitable rice and wheat
varieties under increased temperature and moisture and heat stress condition during various crop growth
stages. For this, improved varieties of both crops will be collected and screened under moisture stress
condition. The potentiality of suitable varieties under different management options will be explored through
simulation modelling. The yield of rice and wheat varies year-to-year and location to location depending not
only on weather condition but also depending on soil type, variety used, and management practices used.
Decision Support System Tools (DSSAT) developed by ICASA/IBSNAT will be used in the study the
relationship between climate and crops in the selected locations. Recommendation and suggestions will be
provided to the different beneficiaries and stakeholders on the present and future scenario of production
probability of rice and wheat crops in Tarai regions of Nepal.
Beneficiaries
Identification of stress tolerant rice and wheat varieties would help in food security and hence the country will
have the direct beneficiaries including farmers who could be benefited through increased crop yield. Farmers
will be trained in participatory and selection of crops. In addition, the farmers and technicians will be trained
on mitigating climate change mitigation and hence they will be benefited. The mass will be made aware of the
impact of climate change in food production. Workshop proceeding will be published which will be a very
good document for the scientific community.
1.1 Indigenous knowledge and good practices of farmers of each study area documented by the end of
2010.
2.1 At least 2 stress tolerance varieties rice and wheat identified by the end of project
2.2 Water availability and requirement for rice and wheat crops under drought condition quantified
3.1 About 20 years climatic data of 4 location analysed and documented by the end of project
3.2 Relationship between climatic factors and rice and wheat yield of four locations established by the end
of project
3.3 Four to five measurable optional technologies suggested to mitigate the adverse effect of climate
change
3.4 Four to five fact sheets of best bet technologies produced by the end of project
3.5 About 1000 leaflets published and distributed
4.1 A total of 80 resource poor farmers trained and exposed to climate change impact on agriculture by the
end of 2010
4.2 A total of 20 agricultural extensionists and research personals trained on climate change aspect by the
end of 2010
4.3 At least 3 papers presented in the work shop by the end of 2012
4.4.1 Mass awareness on climate change created through FM radios of study area
Up-scaling Pathways
At the beginning the on station researchers, extension workers and the farmers are trained to carry out this
work. Also this work is to be carried out both on station and on farm where the researchers, extension workers
and the farmers meet frequently at the outreach sites of the respective stations. The extension agents and the
farmers are directly involved in the participatory. Forty farmers, at four outreach sites of the respective station
will be trained in climate change mitigation. The extension agents are expected to bring this technology to
other farmers of the districts and will be wide dissemination.
A workshop proceeding will be published and distributed to national and international environmental
community. The finding will be broadcasted through mass media involving different adio-visual media.
Posters and pamphlets will be produced and distributed to the general public about it.
Participatory selection of the crop varieties is carried out on the farmers’ field where extension staffs, farmers
and researchers are met frequently on the field. Once the experiment starts participating and non participating
farmers are collected and demonstrated the work. Additionally timely interaction will also be carried out with the
farmers and researchers. Posters and pamphlets will also be developed for the dissemination.
55
Targeted Outputs:
1. Farmers’ knowledge on climate changing trend documented
2. Stress tolerant rice and wheat varieties identified and explored
3. Climate change mitigation options suggested
4. Capacity building of farmers’ knowledge enhanced
Project Status Reports: (For the period from July/August, 2010 to April/May, 2011 - Shrawa, 2067 to
Baisakh, 2068)
Activities
Progress status
Remarks
1.1 Participatory rural appraisal
Completed in the first year of project. A total of 80
survey
households, 20 each from the 4 project sites were
surveyed. On an average the farmers of all the sites
experienced the drought condition during the rice
growing period.
1.2 Inception meeting with
Completed in the first year of project. Four meetings
stakeholders
were organized one at each site including the farmers,
SMS from Agricultural development Office, research
scientists and NGO’s representatives to deliver the
purpose of the project.
1.3 Inventory preparation on
Completed in the first year of project. The indigenous
indigenous knowledge,
of the farmers and the technologies they adopting to
technologies
mitigate the negative effect of climate change in
agriculture have been compiled and will be published at
the end of project.
2.1 Conduct on-station experiment In rice: 10 rice varieties at three temperature regime in
on rice and wheat under stress Open Top Chambers were evaluated at RARS Tarahara
condition
and Nepalgun, NRRP, Hardinath and NWRP Bhairahawa
in three replications within the chambers and in open
field.
In wheat: 10 wheat varieties at three temperature regime
in Open Top Chambers were evaluated at RARS
Tarahara and Nepalgun, NRRP, Hardinath and NWRP
Bhairahawa in three replications within the chambers and
in open field.
2.2 Participatory on-farm stress
In rice: 5 to 6 drought and submergence tolerant rice
tolerant rice and wheat
varieties were evaluated in farmers’ field with the active
varieties selection
participation of a total of 40 farmers. The evaluation was
done at 5 farmers’ fields both for drought and
submergence conditions at out-reach sites of RARS,
Tarahara; NRRP, Hardinath; NWRP, Bhairahawa and
RARS, Tarahara.
2.3 Agronomic data collection and
analysis
56
Similarly, in wheat, 6-7 rainfed heat tolerant wheat
varieties were evaluated at 20 farmers’ fields, at outreach sites of RARS, Tarahara; NRRP, Hardinath;
NWRP, Bhairahawa and RARS, Tarahara
On-going. Data on days to heading/flowering, days to
maturity, plant height, panicles/spikes per unit area, filled
grains per panicle/spike, unfilled grains per panicle/spike,
1000 grains weight and yield data were recorded and
analysed in rice experiments conducted in Chambers and
farmers’ field. The data of wheat experiments is in the
process of compilation and analysis.
2.4 Soil sample collection and
analysis
2.5 Correlate water availability
and requirement in respect to
rice and wheat production
3.1 Collection and analysis of time
series 20 years climate and
crop data
3.2 Establish relationship between
climatic factors and rice and
wheat production
3.3 Simulation of models to draw
the mitigation options to
climate change
3.4 Identify the best combination
of various options
3.5 Develop leaflets and fact
sheets on mitigation options in
local language
4.1 Trainings to resource poor
farmers on crop adaptation to
climate change
4.2 Trainings to agricultural
technicians on crop adaptation
to climate change
4.3 Exchange visit of farmers
4.4 Organize workshop to deliver
the message of climate change
mitigation options
4.5 Publicize the outcome of the
project to different mass
media
4.6 Final technical report
preparation
Soil samples from the first years’ experiment in rice and
wheat were collected and analysed. The samples from
farmers’ field experimental plots and station based plots
have been collected and analysed in the second year
before and after rice crops.
This acitivity will be carried out after all the 2nd years
data of rice and wheat experiment compiled and
analysed. The activity will be done during July, 2011.
The 20 years time series climatic and yield data of rice
and wheat of four locations ie. Sunsari (Tarahara),
Dhanusha (Hardinath), Rupandehi (Bhairahawa) and
Banke (Nepalgunj) has been collected and the analysis
will be done during June and July, 2011.
This activity will be done during June-July, 2011 after
the analysis of climatic variables, experimental data and
soil data.
This activity will be done side by side with the activity
3.2, both the activities have to be done at the same time.
This activity will go simultaneously with activity 3.2 and
3.3
This activity will be done in next year.
Completed in first year of project. A total of 100
farmers, 25 from each project locations were provided
the knowledge on adaptation to climate change in
agriculture.
A total of 20 technicians from extension office and
research stations were provided the training on the impact
of climate change and adaptation to agriculture.
Completed. A total of 80 participating farmers within the
project site visited in Tarahara and Nepalgunj.
Third year activity.
Third year activity.
Third year activity
• Nepalgunj
o IR 80411-B-2-B was found earliest in maturity (117 days) in natural field condition. These same
varieties also matured earlier under half and full covered OTCs where the maximum temperature was
2.5 and 4.1 OC higher than field condition. But the yield performance under rising temperature was
different. Hardinath 1 and IR 84899-B yielded higher than other varieties ranging from 4.3-4.5 t/ha
under natural field condition. Under increased temperature by 2.5 and 4.1 OC, OM 2516 and
Hardinath 1 and APO and IR 78913-B-22-B-B-B performed better yielding in the range of 3.5-3.8
and 2.4-2.7 t/ha, respectively.
57
In farmers field, drought variety OM 2516 and IR 73939-389-B-B-1 yielded higher than other
varieties yielding 2.2 and 2.5 t/ha and maturing earlier, respectively.
o The submergence variety, Swarna sub-1 yielded highest (2.5 t/ha), even the crop was submerged for
7 days during tillering about 20 days of transplanting.
• Hardinath
o The temperature regime in full covered OTC was around 4.5OC higher than field condition, where as
it was only 2.58OC in half covered chamber. IR 78913-B-22-B-B-B and OM 2516 yielded 3.5 and
3.6 t/ha respectively under half covered chamber where as OM 2516 did better under full covered
chamber.
o Sambha Mahasuri sub 1 performed better under submergence condition producing 1.8 t/ha where
crop was submerged for 15 days during tillering stage.
o Among the drought tolerant rice varieties NR 1893 performed higher grain yield maturing 7 days
earlier than other tested varieties.
• Bharahawa
o IR 80411-B-28-1 matured 7 days earlier in all condition of open field, increased temperature
condition but the yield was poorer than others. This variety along with OM 2516 and IR 78937
showed the tolerance ability of higher temperature during their growth period where the maximum
and minimum temperatures were 2.2 and 1.1 and 3.7 and 1.3 OC higher than field condition,
respectively.
o For drought tolerant varieties, NR 1893 matured latest than other yielding in the range of 3.0-3.2 t/ha
at farmers condition.
o For submergence varieties, Swarna sub 1 performed better.
• Tarahara
o Under the increasing temperature of 2.3 and 3.6 OC in half and full covered Chambers, respectively,
OM 2516, IR 78937 and IR 78913-B-22-B-B-B performed better than other varieties, but the yield
performance of all the evaluated varieties were lower than natural field condition.
o Drought tolerant variety Tarahara 1 yielded in the range of 1.8 to 2.8 t/ha in farmer field.
o Among the submergence varieties, Swarna sub-1 yielded in the range of 2.4 to 4.5 t/ha after 10-15
days of submergence.
It has been found that the rice yield decreased under half and full covered OTCs in the range of 15-40% at all
the locations due to increased temperature with the reduction in the rice growth duration (transplanting to
maturity).
o
58
Project title:
Project No:
Project coordinator:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Collaborating organizations:
Start Dost:
Project cost:
Improvement of quality production and Marketing Network of
pointed gaud. in Mahottari
613/2008/09
Ram balam Prasad sah
Mahottari ,Jaleshwar-4
044-520535, Mob. 9844057402
044520481/
[email protected]
community Nationalities Welfare Development Council
2066/04/01 To 2068/03/30
10,62,991/ NARDF 9,91,519
Distict Mahottari VDC Balwa, Sarpllo, Sahasaula,
Ramgopapur(Timkiya, and Aurhi)
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background:
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s[ifs ;d"xx?sf] of]Ubfg ePdf o; lhNnf÷If]qnfO{ k/jn (Pointed guard) production zone sf] ?kdf ljsl;t /
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1fgsf] sdLn] ljleGg lsl;dsf /f]u ls/f, pGgt hft, ;'Id tTjx?sf] sdLn] sd pTkfbg -#)) s]hL÷s7f_ x'g] ub{5 .
(DADO report, 2063) . P3f/f} tLg jlif{o cGt/Ld of]hgf tyf APP n] ;d]t t'NgfTds ?kdf a9L kmfObf lbg] a:t'sf]
k|jw{g ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 (Interim Plan -2064) . ;+:yfn] o;sf] cfjZostf ;DaGwL u/]sf] Field Visit, Survey,
PRA nufot ljleGg uf]i7L, a}7sx?df o; If]qdf ;/sf/L÷u};; kIfaf6 lgoldt ?kdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{
68\sf/f] cfjZostf dx;'; ePsf] kfO{G5 . t;y{ pko'Qm ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;do d} k|fljlws 9+un] ;dfwfg u/L s[ifsx?nfO{
Joj;flos k/jn v]tL tkm{ pGd'v ub}{ Perennial ?kdf k/jn pTkfbg u/L /fi6«n] lnPsf] ul/jL lgjf/0f nIodf 6]jf
k'Ug] lglZrt b]lvG5 .
Objectives of the Project:
k/jn pTkfbgdf pGgt k|ljlwsf] cefj, ljsf;] tyf pGgt hftsf] sld, k/jn afnLdf nfUg] ljleGg
/f]u÷sL/f÷;"IdtTj ;DaGwL cg';Gwfgsf sld ;fy} pTkflbt k/jnsf] plrt ahf/ cefjsf sf/0f s[ifsx?sf] pT;fx
ga9g] b]lvPsfn] :yflgo s[ifsx?nfO{ pGgt tyf ljsf;] k/jn -h:t} aDk/, sfhn, nfdf] ;]]tf] w;|] nufot /fd|f
pTkfbg lbg] cGo :yflgo hftx?_ v]tL tkm{ pTk|]/0ff u/L u'0f:t/Lo k/jnsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 / plrt
ahf/ Joj:yf e} ;xL d"No kfpg / s[ifssf] cfoj[l4 ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL of] kl/of]hgf k|:tfj ul/Psf] xf] . Ps kN6 nufP
kl5 rf/ kfFr jif{;Dd pTkfbg lbg] ePsf]n] sd pTkfbg vr{ (Low production cost) df a9L pTkfbg x'g] ub{5 .
klxnf jif{ sd pTkfbg eP klg bf];|f] jif{ b]lv pTkfbg a9\g] ePsf]n] sd nfutdf a9L pTkfbg lbg] afnLsf] ?kdf
ckgfpg ;lsG5 . lhNnfsf] blIf0fL e]usf] t'ngfdf k|:tfljt If]qdf Uplan Condition /x]sf], af9Lsf] k|sf]k gx'g] /
;'xfFpbf] df6f] / xfjfkfgL kfO{g] x'g] xF'bf k/jn v]tLsf] pGgt k|ljlw dfkm{t pTkfbg If]q tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4 e} vfB\o
;"/Iffdf ;xof]u k'uL ul/aL lgjf/0fdf 6]jf k'Ug] 5 . ;/sf/L sfof{no, s]o/ g]kfn nufot cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] cGo v]tL
;DaGwL sfd u/]klg pGgt k/an v]tL tkm{ k|of; u/]sf] b]lvb}g . ;fy} lhs[ljsf, k/an pTkfbs s[ifs, ljleGg
uf]i7L÷cGts[ofx?df ;d]t pGgt k/jn k|ljlw / ahf/Ls/0fsf ;jfnx? ;d]t p7g] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . oxL s'/fnfO{
59
dWogh/ u/L k/jn pTkfbs s[ifsx?sf] pGgt / ljsf;] k/jn v]tL tkm{ pTk|]/0ff u/L cfo:t/ clej[l4 -*))
s]=hL=k|lt s7faf6 ?=@% sf b/n] sDtLdf ?=@),))).–k|lt s7f_ eO{ lhjg:t/df ;'wf/ x'g] p2]Zo cg'?k pGgt k/jn
v]lt k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/ / Joj;flos/0f tkm{ hf]8 lbOPsf] xf] .
Beneficiaries
¾ k|:tfljt kfFr uflj;x?sf %)÷%) hgf dlxnf, k'?if, blnt, hghftL, ul/a, k/an pTkfbsx? ;lDdlnt bz s[ifs
;d"x -k|lt kl/jf/ !÷! hgfsf] b/n] @%) hgf_ df /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;[hgf e} o; kl/of]hgfsf k|ToIf nfeflGjt
;d"x x'g]5 .
¾ pGgt v]tL k|ljlw / gofF hftx?af6 k/an v]tL ug]{ cGo If]q÷lhNnfsf s[ifsx?df /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf e} ck|ToIf
?kdf kmfObf kfpg] 5 .
¾ ahf/sf] plrt ;+hfn ljsf; ePsf ;du| k/jn pTkfbsx? lks (Peak) pTkfbg ;dodf ;d]t plrt ahf/ efp
kfO{ k/an v]tL tkm{ pT;flxt x'g]5 .
¾ o;df sfd ug]{ k|fljlws -$ hgf_, k|;f/ sfo{stf{, u};;, Jofkf/L k|fOe]6 ;+3 ;+:yf ;d]t nfeflGjt x'g]5 .
¾ dlxnf k'?ifdf s'g} lsl;dsf e]befj g/fvL ;dfg ?kdf cj;/ k|bfg ul/G5 .
¾ kl/of]hgaf6 jftfj/0fdf s'g} lsl;dsf] gfsf/fTds k|efj gkg]{ b]lvG5 .
t;y{ ;f/f+zdf eGg'kbf{ n}lu+s ;dfgtf, jftfj/0fdf gfsf/fTds k|efj gkg]{, k/jn pTkfbsx?sf] lhjg:t/df
clej[l4 ug]{ b]lvPsf]n] of] kl/of]hg k|:tfj ul/Psf] xf] .
Objectivily Verifiable Indicators [ovi]
kl/of]hgfsf] clGtd jif{;Dd k|:tfljt If]qdf sl/a !#)) x]S6/ df pGgt k/jn v]tL lj:tf/ x'g] kl/of]hgfsf]
cGt/ ;Dd pGgt k|ljlws / ljsf; hftsf k/jn s[ifsx? cg'z/0f u/L k/jnsf] pTkfbsTj a9\g] *))
ls=u|f=÷s7f
!=! klxnf] jif{sf] cGt ;Dd k|To]s uflj;x?df @÷@ j6fsf b/n] ;d"x u7g btf{ tyf Seed Money :yfkg x]g] .
!=@ kl/of]hgsf] bf];|f] jif{sf] cGt ;Dd @%) s[ifsx?n] pGgt k/jn v]tL ;DalGwt tflnd k|fKt ug]{ .
@=! kl/of]hgsf] cGt ;Dd sl/a #–% j6f k/ansf] ljsf; hftsf] klxrfg x'g] .
@=@= kl/of]hgsf] cGt ;Dd sfo{ If]qdf k/jn v]tLsf] If]qkmn sDtLdf !#)) x]S6/ lj:tf/ x'g] .
#=! klxnf] jif{sf] cGt ;Dd ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;lDdlnt Ps Market Networking u7g tyf ;+rfng x'g] .
#=@ kl/of]hgf If]qdf Ps Collection centre lgdf{0f x'g] .
#=# klxnf] jif{sf] cGt ;Dd k|To]s uflj;x?df ljsf; k/jnsf] >f]t s]Gb| (resource centre & nursery :yfkgf
x'g] kl/of]hgsf] bf];|f] jif{sf] cGt ;Dd .
$=! :yflgo F.M.af6 :yflgo efiffdf pGgt k/jn k|ljlws ;DaGwLt k|rf/ k|;f/ x'g] .
$+@ s[ifsx?sf] Ps lbg] Inter Group Field visi
$=# 5000 Leafiets and 20 nos. Final report will be
Targeted Output:
kl/of]hgf ;+rfng kZrft cfof]hgfaf6 tkl;nsf k|ltkmx? ck]Iff ul/Psf 5g\ .
k/jn pTkfbg s[ifsx? ;xefuL eO{ k|To]s uf=lj=;=df @÷@ j6fsf b/n] !) j6f s[ifs ;d"x u7g e} @%) 3/w'/L
cfj4 x'g] . k|lt Jolt slDtdf #)÷#) s7fsf b/n] k/jn v]tL ug]{5 / o;/L kfrj6} uflj;df slDtdf %)) x]S6/
yk k/jn v]tL uKg]5 . ;xefuL s[ifsx?sf] cfo:t/ sl/a @% k|ltztn] a[l4 x'g] . -*)) s]=hL= k|lt s7faf6 ?=@%
sf b/n] slDtdf ?=@)))).– k|lt s7f cfDbfgL eO/x]sf 5g\ .
k|To]s ;d"xsf s[ifsx? pGgt v]tL ;DalGw :ynut tflnddf Practical skill k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ .
ljleGg uflj;sf k/jn pTkfbs, k|fljlws / Jofkf/L ;lDdlnt Ps ahf/ ;+hfn (Market Network) lgdf{0f ePsf]
5.
ef/tLo k/jn cfoftdf sl/a $) k|ltzt sdL cfpg] -o;nfO{ dfkg ug{ kl/of]hgfsf] z'?df u/]sf] cfwf/e"t
tYofs ;+sng tyf kl/of]hgf ;dfkg kZrft ug]{ ahf/ tyf lkmN8 ;e]{ tyf Jofkf/L;Fusf] cGtjtf{af6 km/s
5'6\ofO{ dfk0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5_ .
gof hft h:t} aDk/ , sfhn cfbLsf] nx/af6 k'/fgf] hft -:yfgLo _ k|lt:yfkLt eO{ k/jnsf] ptkfbg tyf
pTkfbTjdf %)Ü n] clea[4L ePsf] - o;nfO{ dfk0f ug{ k/Lof]hgfsf] z'?df u/]sf] cfwf/e't tYof+s tyf
kl/of]hgfsf] cGtdf x'g] lkmN8 lelh6 tyf s[ifs 5nkmn , cGtjtf{ , cGts[ofjf6 5'6\ofp[g ;lsG5 _ .
60
:yflgo Pkm=Pd\= af6 pGgt v]tL k|aLwL / ahf/ efpsf] k|;f/0f x'bf :yflgo s[isx? gofF k|ljlwsf] cg';/of tyf
plrt ahf/ efp kfO{/x]sf 5g\ .
k+|bZf{gx?af6 (demonstration) s[isx?sf] cfTd ljZjf; a9g] e} k/jn v]tL tkm{ cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ .
ljleGg k|sfzgx?af6 pGgt k|ljwL x:tfGt/0fdf ;xo]fu k'u]sf 5g\
;xh / prLt d"No kfpg Ps Collection centre :yfkgf ePsf 5g\.
k|lt uflj;df !÷!j6fsf b/n] resource centre and Nursery :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ .
k|:tfljt uf=la=;=x?nfO{ k/an pTkfbg ug]{ ufpFsf] ?kdf kl/lrt ePsf 5g\ .
Project Status Reports:–
Up- Scaling Pathways .
o; k/an v]tL tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg kl/of]hgfn] ubf{ k|:tfljt dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] kfFr j6f uf=lj=;=sf] !)
j6} ;d'xx?sf] k/jn v]tL k|ltsf] pT;fxn] ubf{ tyf oL !) j6} ;d'x–;d'xut ?kdf ;+:yfut btf{ eO{ lh=s[=lj=
sfof{no ;Fu cfa4 ePsf] b]v]/ cGo s[if{sx? klg o; k/jn v]tL k|lt k|efljt eO{ ;d'xsf JolQmx?;Fu 5nkmn
;/;Nnfx u/L pT;flxt tyf cfs{lift ePsf Market Work n] cGo t/sf/L v]tLsf] klg ljsf; x'b}5 dfl;s?df
:yflgo Fm df :yflgo efiffdf s'g–s'g uf=lj=;= df k|;:t k/an kfOg]5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
lh=s[=lj= sfo{fnon] ;d'xut NARDF / ;+:yf cGtu{t btf{ ePsf s[ifs ;d'xx?nfO{ l;rfOsf] nfuL l9SsL kDk
ljt/0f u/sf] 5g . oL ;d'xx? cflbn] Joj;foLs k/jn tyf t/sf/L v]tLaf6 cfo:t/df ;'wf/ ePsf 5g . cf–cfˆgf]
afn aflnsfnfO{ k9fO{ n]vfO{ k|lt hfu?s ePsf 5g .
Project Status Report
Activates
!=! cfwf/e't tYofFs ;+sng tyf
ljZn]if0f .
!=@ ;d'x u7g tyf kl/rfng !) j6f .
!=+# Seed Money Establishment
!=$ pGgt k|ljlw ;DalGw :ynut tflnd .
@=@ ;'IdtTj k|b{z{g -af/f]g , lh+s, tyf
JofnL;_
@=# :k]|o/ ljt/0f k|To]s ;d'xnfO{ @÷@ j6f
hDdf @)
@=$ Crate ljt/0f @%) hgfnfO{
#=! Market Net working ahf/ ;+hfn
lgd{f0f
#=@ s[ifs Jofkf/L / k|fljlws cGt/ lqmof
uf]li7
#=# Collection Center :yfkgf
#=$ Recourse Center and Nursery
:yfkgf
$=! Fm k|;f/0f
$=@ Field Visit
$=# Leaf Late k|sfzg
$=$ Final Report tof/L tyf a's k|sfzg
$=% Monitoring - cg'udg_
Progress status
Remarks
)^^ >fjg b]vL sflt{s ;Ddf ;DkGg
)^^
)^^
)^^
)^^
>fjg b]vL kmNu'g ;Dddf ;DkGg
r}q b]vL )^& ;iff9 ;Dddf ;DkGg
b]vL )^& ;~rflnt eO{ )^* ;Dddf ;DaGw xg]5 .
;+l;/ b]vL )^& ciff9 d;fGt ;Dd ;DkGg
)^^ >fjg b]lv )^& sflt{s ;Dddf ;DkGg
)^^ d+l;/ b]vL )^& sflt{s ;Dddf ;DkGg .
)^^ d+l;/ b]lv )^^ kmfNu'g df
)^^ >fjg b]vL )^* ciff9 d;fGt ;Dd
)^^ >fjg b]vL )^& ciff9df ;DkGg
)^^ >fjg b]vL sflt{sdf ;Ddkg
)^^ >fjg b]vL )^* ciff9df ;DkGg x'g]
)^& d+l;/ af6 ;'? eO{ )^* ciff9df ;DkGg
)^& r}qdf k|sflzt
tof/L sf] s|ddf
)^^ >fjg b]vL k|Tos rf}dflzs lj:t[t df]lg6f/LË ug]{
u/]sf] )^* ciff9df ;DkGg
61
Achivement /Findings ( In Case of Research Projects)
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
62
of] k/jn v]tL tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg kl/of]hgf dxf]Q/Lsf] nfuL klxnf] Project
xf] .
% j6f uf=lj=;= x?df nfu' ul/Psf] 5 .
k|To]s k|:tfljt uf=lj=;= df @÷@ j6f s[ifs ;d'x u7g u/L hDdf !) j6f s[ifs ;dxndf @%.@% hgf u/L
nfO{ ;xefuL uO{Psf] 5 .
k|To]s ;d'xdf ;dfj];L u/L k|To]s blnt ,dlxnf ,lk58f ju{ s[if{sx?sf] Pp6f kl/jf/af6 !÷! hgfnfO{
;dfj]; u/LPsf] 5 .
;d'xut ?kdf kl/rfng eO{ /x]sf] x'g\ .
Seed Money sf] :yfkgf u/LPsf] 5 .
s[ifsx?nfO{ pGgt k|ljlw ;DalGw :ynut tflnd k|bfg u/LPsf] 5 .
pGgt k/jnsf] hft klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 .
k|To]s s[ifs ;d'xnfO{ ka/ansf] u'0f:t/ v/fj gxf]; elg Crate @%÷@% j6f sf b/n] k|bfg u/LPsf] 5 .
s[if{s ,Jofkf/L / k|fljlws ;Ddlnt Market Network lgdf{0f u/L pTkfbLt k/an nfO{ ahf/ ;Dd k''¥ofpg]
sfo{ e} /x]sf 5g .
k/an ljls| ljt/0f ug{ u/fpg Collection Center lgdf{0f u/LPsf] 5 .
k/ansf] u':t/af/] , ahf/sf] af/]df :yflgo Fm af6 :yflgo efiffdf k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{ eO/xsf 5g .
o; kl/of]hgfaf6 s[if{sx? *)) x]S6/df nufO{ /x]sf] k/an clxn] !#)) x]S6/df lj:tf/ u/L s7fsf] @))))
;Dd cfDbfgL ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g .
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fish Health Management Approach for Quality Supply of
Rainbow Trout
614/2008/09
Narayan Giri
Central Fish Laboratory, Balaju
014350609 Mobile: 9849124427
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
[email protected]
Women in Save Environment
Fall and Trout
End Date:
2066/4/1
2068/7/30
Rs 2876000
Nuwakot District, VDCs Okhar Pauwa, Jeet pur, Kakani, Madan pur,
Sunkhani,
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Rainbow trout is an exotic fish in Nepal. The production techniques have been recently developed in the
country for its wider expansion in the commercial scale. The fish is carnivorous in nature. It is culture in
cold-water habitat with commercial feed under intensive management systems. Rainbow trout farming is fast
growing in 7 different districts namely Nuwakot, Rasuwa, Sindhupalchok, Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and
Lalitpur. Currently there are more than 50 farm families involved in its culture and have produced more than
50 tons of fish annually. Trout is a high valued food fish, which needs proper attention in terms of fish disease
and water quality management, specialized technology for culture. Continuous application of high protein
content pellet feed, regular water supply and stocking of high numbers fingerling are prerequisite for trout
farming to get maximum level of production from a limited water bodies in a given period of time. This
situation has caused more stressful culture environment. It has further facilitated the occurrence of various
infectious and non-infectious diseases in trout fish. The seasonal appearance of different type of diseased
based problem in trout is visualized the major problem causing low fish production and economic loss to the
farmers. The farmers involved in this business should be aware in order to minimize the possible losses. For
this regular observation of trout fish farm in private sector, collection of various problem associated with
disease, their examination in the laboratory, analysis the report and finding the solution is important in order
to minimize the possible losses and helping the farmers to supply healthy trout fish in the market.
Productivity enhancement of trout fish through proper management with special attention on minimizing
production losses from diseases and parasites. Management production aspects in order to supply healthy and
fresh fish in the market
Beneficiaries
Trout fish growers (50) are the direct beneficiaries of this project. Moreover, government line agencies,
NGOs, CBOs and private sector FNCCI, will be benefited by obtaining appropriate and sustained trout fish
health management technology. The local traders, entrepreneurs and exporters and consumers will be
benefited through increased transition of fish product as a result of project activities. It will create additional
employment for men and women in the project area because of increased fish production and marketing
activities.
At the end of first year, 20 trout farmers will get basic fish health management training and reviewed the
existing fish health management practice and result of histopathological, studies along water quality will be
documented. By the end of second year, result of residual effect of drugs and chemicals on the trout flesh as
well as test reports of drugs and chemicals against infectious and parasitic disease will be documented. At the
63
end of third year, 20 farmers will supply disease free trout fish to the market and 1000 numbers of
comprehensive fish health management technical folder will be published.
Up-scaling Pathways
From the project activities 25% survival of fingerlings and the 30 % of table fish is expected to increase from
the existing production. The benefit directly goes to participating farmers. The results will make available by
various methods, such as direct involvement of participating farmers, training, discussion and interaction
meeting with trout growers and other stakeholders. These are the proposed pathways for the uptake of out
puts. In addition, booklets and leaflets regarding trout fish health management will be published and
distributed to concerned fisher group, organization and agencies. Furthermore, publishing the technical
internal report will disseminate information.
Targeted Outputs:
1. Fish farmers achieved awareness to raise healthy trout fish
2. Fish productivity increased
3. Fish health management approach in the form of technical package established
4. Project out come disseminated
Activities
Progress status/Achievement
1.1 Review of fish The seasonal occurrence of parasitic, fungal, bacterial and non-pathogenic
disease of trout fish in trout growing areas were assessed through survey
health
methods and practices applied to control these diseases were reviewed. The
management
methods of trout fish farming, their current status and farm management
practices
1.2 Training to trout
fish farmers
2.1 Observation of
parasitic disease and
application of control
measures
2.2
64
Observation
of
Remarks
practices in the aspect of fish health management followed by trout fish farmers
in trout growing area were also assessed The survey report states that there are
55 trout fish farms currently in operation in different district where as most of
the farms (35) are located at Kakani and Madanpur area of Nuwakot district.
The report revels that there are 6 trout fish feed producers in private sector, out
of them 90 % are located at Nuwakot district and the rest in Balaju. Likewise,
there are 12 trout fish breeders in private sector, situated at different district
namely Rasuwa, Nuwakot, Lalitpur and Sindhupalchok which has fulfilled 80
% seed demand and the rest from Fisheries Research Station Trisuli, Godawari
and Trout research and development Center located at Dhunche. The survey
report states that farmers have limited technical capacity to address diseasebased problem properly. At present, Central Fish Laboratory, Balaju and
Fisheries Research Station, Godawari are dealing the diseased-based problem
up to some extent. The farmer should train in order to back up their existing
capacity.
Altogether 36 trout fish farmers engaged in seed to table fish production were
trained from Nuwakot, Rauswa and Sindhupalchok districts. They were trained
in the aspect of most common parasitic, bacterial and fungal disease namely
Coccidiocis, tail rot and fin rot and Saprolegnia respectively. Those farmers
were given the knowledge for proper identification of fish disease and
application of common drugs and chemicals as per need. Moreover, training
was also addressed in the field of water quality and fish feed management and
the importance of fish feed, its composition, way of preparation, storage
techniques and application methods fish.
Trout fish farms in the project area monitored time to time and disease
suspected cultured fish sampled and examined for further investigation. Among
the parasitic disease, the internal parasite Coccidiosis was found as a problem
where 40 to 150 g size rainbow trout fish were affected with this disease. The
farmers were suggested for the application of anti parasitic drugs namely
Amprol @ 6 g per 100 kg of feed. Also, farmers suggested for keeping clean
the incoming source water, which might be contaminated with the spores of
this parasite.
Among the bacterial diseases, symptoms of tail rot and fin rot were observed in
bacterial and fungal
disease and application
of
proper
control
measures
2.3 Observation of water
quality parameter and
their management
trout fish (more than 40 g size) in Nuwakot and Sindhupalchok. During field
visit pathogenic bacterial gill disease Flavobacterium sp. was found in one
private farm in Rasuwa district. Disease suspected fish samples were taken to
the laboratory from the project area for further investigation. Media (PBS) was
prepared before isolating the bacteria and kept them in freezer. The fish was
dissected and the smear of kidney and fin were taken out with the help of loop
and inoculated into prepared media. Under laboratory observation, the shape of
bacteria colony was found round in strain one and two. Likewise, the color of
colony was observed milky white and white in strain one and two respectively.
While observing under the microscope, the cell form was found cocci and short
rod shape in strain one and two respectively. In gram staining, strain one and
two shows positive and negative reaction respectively. Likewise, in mobility
and cytochrome oxydase test, strain one and two shows negative and positive
reaction respectively. Where as in OF test both strain had shown fermentative
reaction. In Nuwakot and Sindhupalchok, reducing the stocking density,
feeding amount and cleaning the raceways improved the conditions. For the
control of tail rot and fin rot disease, doxycycline and Oxytetracycline were
effective @ 60-100 mg/kg fish feed. Fish affected with bacterial gill disease in
Rasuwa were treated with rock salt @ 5 percent and the conditions were
improved. Likewise, the fungal diseases Saprolegnia sp was observed in
incubated eggs in breeding farms both in private and government farms located
at Rasuwa and Nuwakot. Farmers were suggested for removal of unfertilized
eggs, silts and mud from the whole egg mass while conducting breeding. Also
use of saline solution (10%) in the eggs just before fertilization.
The water quality parameters especially volume of water, pH, temperature,
oxygen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were observed in the project
area. The volume of water was found limited Madanpur, Kakani and
Okharpauwa area. Temperature ranged 4 degree celcus to 19 degree
celcus from Dhunche to Nuwakot respectively during study period. The
pH was recorded more than 8 in almost all trout cultured farms.
Dissolved oxygen was ranged from 7 - 9 mg per liter of water.
Likewise nitrite nitrogen was found 0.01 to 0.006 and ammonium
nitrogen 0.1 - 0. The pH, temperature, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrite
3.1 Histological studies
nitrogen were measured in the field by using digital meter and rapid access
water quality kit respectively. Likewise, the dissolved oxygen was trapped in
DO bottle in the field and then taken to the laboratory and analyzed by using
Winkler’s method. The study report revels that among the water quality
parameters ammonium nitrogen was found in satisfactory level in 70 % trout
farms where intensity of production was limited. Rests of farms have faced
some problem due increased ammonium nitrogen level. It was noticed and
observed that most of the water quality based problems were found associated
with bad management practices. Farmers were suggested for regular cleaning
the raceways in order to manage the water quality parameters.
For histological study, the abnormal tissue organs caused by
pathogenic(bacterial and parasitic) and nonpathogenic (hepatoma, water
quality) disease suspected Rainbow Trout fish of different size were sampled
from Nuwakot (Kakani, Madanpur) and Sindhupalchok (Tatopani). The disease
suspected organs such as fin, muscle, gill; spleen, liver, kidney and intestine
were taken out and fixed in Bouin's solution then they were processed in the
Center Fish laboratory in order to prepare permanent slides. The various
procedures were followed while preparing the permanent slides such as
collection of tissue sample, their fixation in Bouins's fixative, washing in water,
dehydration in different concentration of alcohol solution (from 70 to 100 %)
and penetration of paraffin into the tissue, putting the tissues in hard paraffin
(embedding), making tissue section manually by using microtome,
deparaffinization in xylene and alcohol solution at different concentration,
staining the tissues containing glass slides in Lilly Mayer's Hematoxylin
65
3.2 Study the
effectiveness of drugs
and chemicals
3.3
Investigation
of
residual effect of drugs
and chemicals on the
flesh of trout fish
3.4 Fish feed analysis
4.1 Preparation of
folder
4.2 Interaction
workshop/ meeting
with stakeholders
4.3 Data processing,
report preparation and
publication
66
solution, dehydration in 70 % to absolute alcohol for given period of time and
finally prepared permanent slides by putting Canada balsam on tissue sections
and covering them with cover slip glass. These slides will be use as a reference
guide for the future in order to find out the causes of death of fish done by
pathogenic and non-pathogenic factors.
To conduct this activity, the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was prepared and
sterilized in an autoclave for about 15 minutes within the temperature of 121
0
C. The moribund diseased Trout fish samples from project areas were
collected and the smear of fin and kidney were taken with the help of loop and
inoculated in the media after proper sterilization and left for about 24 hours in
20 C. The bacterial suspensions were spread with triangle cone glass stick and
anti-microbial sensitivity disc was placed on the center of media. Then it was
closely observed. From this process 2 species of bacteria were isolated. Out of
2 bacteria, one was gram negative and another was gram positive. The grampositive bacterium was not fish pathogenic. The gram negative was Aeromonas
hydrophilla. Aeromonas hydrophilla which isolated had sensitivity various
antibiotics like Florfenicol, Doxycycline, Ttrimethoprim etc but it had
developed resistance to Ampicillin. These types of test were performed
repeatedly and finally it was concluded that most of drugs except Ampicillin
might be useful to control fin rot like disease
To conduct this activity, the trout fish ready for market were sampled
from Nuwakot and given to food research laboratory at Khumaltar in
order to find out their meat composition. The laboratory examination
reports show that one sample contained more amount of moisture (81
%) as compare to another one (73%), this might be due to bad storage
of marketable fish. The protein percentage (approximately 17 %) both
the sample indicates that fresh fish protein level were found with the
given ranged. The total ash content in one sample was found higher
2.41 as compare to another sample. Two samples from Sunkhani and
Hebung were examined in Food and Quality Control Laboratory, at
Babar Mahal to find out residual effect. The laboratory report shows
that there was no deposition of DDT and Lindel in the flesh of sampled
fish.
The main objective of this program was to find out the nutrient content
in the trout feed commonly used in private sector. For this nine samples
of feed were taken from different places (Rasuwa, Nuwakot,
Sindhupalchok and Lalitpur) of trout farms and investigated at
Livestock Quality Control Laboratory in different times. The laboratory
report shows that most of the samples contained protein level in the
given ratio that is more than 36 percent where as the crude fat was
found low in amount. Likewise, few sample contained higher level of
moisture than that should be. The concerned farmers as well as feed
producers were suggested to correct the feed accordingly.
A folder /booklet was published at the end of project which contains
the various issues related with trout health and methods to control
them.
During project period interaction program were held at various places
in project site where the beneficiaries, project team and other
stakeholders were involved. The interaction program mainly focused
on problem based issues and solution were derived accordingly.
The collected data of each activity were tabulated, analyzed, compiled
and submitted to NARDF as a progress report, in each quarter of the
year and final project completion report. .
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Fresh Vegetable Production and Developing Agricultural Marketing
Network (VPAM) in Sindhuli
615/2008/09
Mr. Binod Prasad Dhakal
P.O.Box 2444, Kalikasthan, Kathmandu
+977-01-4435312
+977-01-4435312
[email protected]
Gaon Jagaran Sewa Santha (GJSS), Sindhuli
Srawon, 2066 End Date: Asar, 2069
NPR 2,852,783.00
Kamalamai Municipality, Kapilkot Majhuwa, Bhimeshwor, Jahangajholi
Ratmata, Dumja and nearby VDCs in Sindhuli district, and nearby markets
including Sindhuli, Banepa and other local markets along the Banepa
Bardibas Highway
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
The demand for fresh vegetables in Nepal in general, and in Sindhuli in particular, has been increasing over
the year. There could be a number of reasons behind but, increased population, changing food habit, rate of
urbanization, increasing number of tourist/visitors, export potential and growth of processing industries and
the expansion of business on fresh vegetables could be some of the major ones. However, there is scope to
harness the opportunities of production and marketing the fresh vegetables as there are imbalances in demand
and supply of such kind in Nepal and also in Sindhiuli.
Commercialization of fresh vegetables could be one of the alternatives in reducing the level of poverty in
Nepal. Tie-up with agro-enterprises in the form of value addition and organized marketing are the prerequisites to make them competitive in the local and national markets. A close understanding and trust
between the farming community and the entrepreneurs could be developed through developing market
networks with proper backward and forward linkages.
Supply of fresh vegetables and to develop agricultural market network is the main purpose of the project.
However, followings are the specific objectives:
• Support the farmers and entrepreneurs in Sindhuli through training and technology transfer in
growing more fresh vegetables and supply it to the local and outside markets.
• Assessment on the fresh vegetable production and marketing status in the project locations.
• Development of marketing strategy for Sindhuli fresh vegetables and dissemination of the project
outputs.
Beneficiaries
Farmers: 400 (50% women and 75% poor); Entrepreneurs: 20 agricultural marketers, 10 farmer's groups and 1
Lead Farmer Marketing Group; Others: 1000 small farmers, numbers of agro-entrepreneurs and thousands of
consumers benefit indirectly.
Followings are the objectively verifiable indicators of the project outputs:
Output 1: By the end of fourth quarter 2009, baseline information on fresh vegetable production and
marketing in the project locations, collected and baseline report prepared.
Output 2: (a) By the end of 2011, increased the production of fresh vegetables by 50%, introducing quality
vegetable production technology; (b) Developed 10 farmer trainers.
67
Output 3: (a) By the end of year 2011, at least 20 lead farmers and vegetable marketers will continue their
business introducing effective vegetable marketing model and strategy; (b) Register the Lead
Farmer Marketer Group (LFMG) network in DADO; (c) Establish LFMG network a good
linkage and coordination with DADO, DDC and other development partners and replicate the
project success.
Output 4: By the end of project period, system of annual networking meeting among the vegetable marketers,
cooperatives and LFMG network in Sindhuli, established.
Output 5: By the end of project period, fresh vegetable marketing strategy for Sindhuli developed and
disseminated to 20 different vegetable markets.
Up-scaling Pathways
Planning, implementation and monitoring modality of the project is fully participatory. The project
beneficiaries have been participating throughout the project implementation process and have taken
ownership on it.
The project visualized the participation of lead farmers in promoting the production and marketing
technologies in different roles including the farmer technicians, group management and cooperative
functioning. The existing farmers' groups are taken as the direct project beneficiaries and will contribute in
disseminating the project findings and technology transformation.
The project duly acknowledge the value chain approach and created an ideal platform to meet together and
exchange their problems in terms of technology transfer, group management, inputs, transport and marketing
of fresh vegetable. Local NGOs, Farmer's Groups, Cooperatives, DADO, DDC, LAs and the private sectors in
Sindhuli have been participating in coordination, monitoring and mobilization of resources besides the
implementation of project activities. Support from DADO especially in the part of technology transfer
(production technology, marketing management including post harvest handling practices) and use of DADO
professionals as resource persons is very much encouraging.
The regular consultative meetings organized at the different level have created harmonization among the
development agencies, value chain entities including DADO, DDC, VDC, NGOs, Farmers' Group,
Cooperative and the local chamber of commerce to be utilize vegetable sector as profitable business.
The farmer’s diary prepared and distributed by NEPC to beneficiary farmers have been an instrument to bring
the farmers in enterprising. This diary has been credential to record the income and expenditure of the farming
thereby profit and loss. The IEC materials produced by the project have been disseminated and would be
continued in future, through DADO network, LFMG and networks of the value chain entity in the district.
The project findings are expected to be disseminated through the sharing on review meetings and
incorporation in the progress reports. The farmer’s diary and its demonstration effect will be the major aspect
of scaling up the project outputs. The inbuilt system of information sharing and dissemination, both from the
demand and supply sides are the other major pathways of promotion and up scaling the project outputs.
a) Targeted Outputs:
i. Current status of fresh vegetable production and marketing in the project locations assessed.
ii. Increased the production of fresh vegetables in the project locations and at the farmers'
level.
iii. Develop entrepreneurship among the lead farmers and marketers, and introduce effective
vegetable marketing models and strategies.
iv. Enhance the functional capacity of LFMG and develop agricultural marketing network.
V. Fresh vegetable marketing models and strategy and the agricultural market networking
mechanism disseminated.
b)
68
Project status:
The project has completed all activities as stipulated in the log frame/project document. Vegetable
production technology has been transferred to nearly 1400 farm families (400 directly and 1000
indirectly) which has been the major path way. Twenty lead farmers (15 female, 10 Janjatis and 5
Dalits) has been active in producing fresh vegetable throughout the year and their demonstration
effect/spill over effect has been realized as evidence of increasing number of fresh vegetable
farmers in the project vicinity. These farmers become entrepreneur as they have farm book
recording system where income and expenditure is duly recorded. As a result of series of
consultative meeting and finally a workshop of the entities of value chain a marketing strategy,
model and Marketing Information System (MIS) has been has been shared at national level to
marketing directorate of Department of Agriculture and final strategy, marketing model and MIS
has been prepared incorporating the suggestions received from the national level workshop
participants. This strategy will be the major guiding document for production and marketing of fresh
vegetable in Sindhuli. System establishment of annual networking meeting among the vegetable
marketers and cooperatives has been established where they discuss on problems of each other in
the value chain and find measures of solution to overcome the problems faced by individual entity
in the chain.
Activities
1. 1 Assess the
status of fresh
vegetable
production
Progress status
Baseline report has been prepared and submitted
to NARDF
1.2 Assess the
markets and
practices of fresh
vegetable marketing
Report on market assessment for fresh
vegetables have been submitted to NARDF
Series of consultative meeting has been
conducted. DADO, DDC, LAs, NGO, Farmer
groups were present in the meeting
2.1 Production of
fresh vegetables
A total 422 farmers from the project locations
received “fresh vegetable production training
and they have started growing fresh vegetables
and transferring it to an enterprise.
2.2
Entrepreneurship
development among
vegetable producers
and marketers
Training on "marketing and value chain
development" was granted to a total of 25
participants including 18 women.
Farmers and entrepreneurs in the project
locations received on the spot functional training
on fresh vegetable production.
Remarks
Active participation of all
stakeholders indicates that the
activity has been taken as a
priority action
The preliminary findings have
indicated that the production of
fresh vegetables in the project
locations is 663 MT/year (201112) the baseline value was was
100 MT/year.
Knowledge and
skills
on
assessing
the
market
opportunities including market
pricing, information, marketing
channel and the networking
practices have been found as
beneficial
for
vegetable
marketing.
These farmers are growing vegetables
throughout the year. They have farm record
system clearly mentioning income and
expenditure of their farms. The area under
vegetable cultivation has been increased to 1450
69
Activities
3.1 Capacity
development of the
entrepreneurs
Progress status
ropani (baseline value was 400 ropani).
LFMG formed and registered in DADO office.
This group has been active in organizing
networking and a day consultative meeting with
DADO, LAs, DDC, NGO and farmers has been
organized.
Remarks
These meetings and workshops
have supported in developing the
marketing model and strategies.
Local, regional, national and the strategic
markets for fresh vegetables have been
identified.
3.2 Develop
marketing model
and strategy
4.1 Networking of
agricultural markets
5.1 Dissemination
and Promotion of
Project findings
70
One day marketing meeting/workshop with the
farmers, farmer's group / cooperatives
traders/entrepreneurs, and the technicians was
organized in Sindhuli.
Based on the project learning, consultation with
the farmers, farmers group, LFMG, APC, DADO
staff and the concerned stakeholders marketing
strategy for Sindhuli fresh vegetables have been
developed. One workshop at district level and
other at Kathmandu was organized to develop
and finalize the strategy for Sindhuli.
Platform of value chain entities (farmers,
traders/entrepreneurs, consumers and the
agricultural technicians have been developed.
The LFMG in close cooperation with the APC
(Krishi Upaj Bajar Kendra), agricultural
cooperative and DADO Sindhuli has been
organizing networking meetings regularly
In the process of disseminating production and
marketing technologies 1000 copies each of
vegetable production diary , poster and booklet
(incorporating project findings and the vegetable
marketing strategy for Sindhuli) has been
published and disseminated at the local level.
The strategy has been formulated
following
the
participatory
process, where the views of the
farmers,
entrepreneurs,
technicians and the central level
officials have been incorporated.
It is expected that the strategy
would be an instrument to drive
vegetable
production
and
marketing in the district in future.
This is the start up event in
developing marketing network.
This platform has been useful to
share their problems and issues
among the entities in value chain
and conclude with future action
to solve the problem of each
entity.
Material is useful on the
production and marketing of fresh
vegetables are being the content
of the diary. Vegetable
production diary containing daily
activity calendar (income and
expenditure detail), the
production technologies and the
marketing information tools
would be instrumental for the
farmers and entrepreneurs to
guide them on production and
marketing of fresh vegetable in
commercial orientation.
Achievements / Findings (major achievements)
•
Baseline information on vegetable production and marketing analysed.
•
Nine members Lead Farmer Marketing Group (LFMG) formed, registered in DADO and functional.
•
Potential 424 farmers trained on fresh vegetable production and business plan.
•
Fresh vegetable production in additional 1050 ropanies of land in the project locations.
•
Vegetable diary, poster and the booklet have been published and disseminated.
•
25 participants including 18 women are provided the value-chain training on fresh vegetables. They
become entrepreneur and its spillover effect multiply number of fresh vegetable farmers around the
area.
•
Market networking system initiated.
•
Culture of networking meeting among the farmers, technicians and the entrepreneurs initiated.
•
LFMG is leading the project activities (transfer of production technology, provide information on the
inputs and service availability, lobby with DADO to establish market center, organizing meeting of
value chain entities etc).
•
Marketing strategy for fresh vegetables in Sindhuli have been developed and disseminated.
71
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Small Scale Pig Farming for Generation of Self-employment in
Makwanpur
PP 616/2008/09
Dr. Madhav Prasad Aryal
DLSO Makwanpur
9741084514
[email protected]
DLSO Makwanpur, Hetauda
HICAST, Gatthaghar, Bhaktapur
July 2009
March 2012
End Date:
Rs 19,94,100
Ward No 3,4,5,6 and 7 of Manahari VDC, Makwanpur
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Pig farming in Nepal is gaining popularity particularly among the urban and suburban inhabitants. Although,
improved pigs are raised irrespective of caste, it is an important component of farming system of ethnic
groups especially of Rai, Limbu, Magar, Tamang etc. and scheduled caste people i.e. Pode, Chyame,
Danuwar in Nepal. Pig farming can be regarded as an emerging enterprise especially for small-scale farmers
with potential of promotion as an income generating activity, leading to increased household income and food
security.
Several attempts have been made in the past by the government or non-governmental organizations to
introduce pig farming among the poor and marginalized groups of the community as an income generating
activity with promising results. Since piglet production is relatively fast and provides quick return, pig
husbandry could be profitable and sustainable if locally available feed resources are properly utilized along
with the establishment and strengthening of marketing linkages. This might help to establish pig farming as a
suitable option to uplift the livelihood of farming communities through creation of self-employment
opportunities in the rural areas.
In the context of limited information available on sustainable approach of continued piglet production and
their fattening using locally available feed resources. This project is therefore envisioned to improve the food
security, livelihood and household income of poor people through small scale pig enterprise and develop a
model for such purpose involving the pig farming communities.
Youth in Nepal often face difficulties when it comes to getting employment or self-employment opportunities
in the villages. Traditional agriculture barely supports their livelihood system, while limited land resource
always hinders them to follow improved agricultural practices. Several challenges are hovering to cope with
this situation as youth are equally vulnerable in establishing agricultural based rural opportunities.
Nevertheless, livestock provides fair opportunities even at small scale of operation thus youth and farmers
could improve their livelihood options if appropriate entrepreneurial ability could be established in a given
context. Small non-ruminants such as pig husbandry have already been popular among the women and ethnic
groups as an alternative means of income.
Therefore, the main motto of the project has been to provide farmers with opportunities to generate household
income and development of self-employment through sustainable pig enterprise with appropriate technology
in Makwanpur. The passing on gift model that promotes continuous piglet production by one group followed
by fattening of male piglets by the other has been tried as a means to create self-employment opportunities to
the youth and rural women. Technical knowledge of continued piglet production and fattening of male piglet
scheme provides greater opportunities to the rural youth and women to develop sound entrepreneurial ability.
Introduction of improved pure line swine breed will enhance the productivity of swine and encourage youth to
72
establish such enterprise. Moreover, this pig enterprise might improve livelihood of rural families providing
better nutrition and income compared to existing practices. Scientific evidences have demonstrated that piglet
production and fattening of male piglet could be one of the profitable and sustainable enterprises which could
bring socio-economic changes. It is thus expected that establishment of successful pig farming by the smallscale farmer would generate employment opportunities and could establish a model of sustainable enterprise
development for small-scale farmers.
Beneficiaries
Small-scale and resource poor farmers of central and mid region, especially under privileged minority ethnic
groups (e.g. Rai, Chepang, Tamang) will be the primary beneficiaries. Rural pig raisers, government line
agencies, NGOs, CBOs and public sectors of Nepal will benefit directly by obtaining the appropriate and
sustainable technology on pig farming for generating self-employment opportunities. The local traders,
entrepreneurs and exporters will also benefit through increased transaction of pork as a result of project
activities. It will create additional employment for youth and women in the region due to increasing pork
production and marketing activities. Small-scale pig production system would be environment friendly as less
waste nutrients are released to the environment, with the scope of using the waste for bio-gas. Hence, there
will be no negative effects on the environment, socio-economic and gender aspects.
The objectively verifiable indicator at goal level has been to improve the household level income and
livelihood of at least 25% of families of the pig raising pocket area within the project implemented site.
Whereas at purpose level, it has been anticipated that at least 200 potential households of pig raising pocket
area of project implemented site will adopt the small scale pig enterprise to generate their household income
through pig based entrepreneurial ability and thereby support their livelihood by the year 2012.
At outputs level, it has been anticipated that at least 200 farmers will adopt the recommended management
packages for production, fattening and selling of piglets and approach the market through appropriate
marketing channel by the end of 2012. Similarly, the farmers of Makawanpur were also supposed to have the
basic “know how” about the pig enterprise along with appropriate management technologies by the year 2012.
As a result of this project, it has been assumed that there will be at least 100% increment in piglet production
and fattening of male piglet with 30% increase in income of participating farmers as compared to those of
non-participating. On the other hand, about 100 households in Manahari VDC-5, Pratappur and ward no 6 of
Manahari, Makawanpur participated with successful (100%) establishment of piglet production and fattening
of male piglet enterprise with sound marketing, ensuring 40% increase in annual household income after 24
months. Likewise, at least 50 farmers received local resource based improved pig husbandry training to help
establish enterprise for self-employment by the end of project period. Once the technology will be available at
hand, by the end of 2011, a significant population of resource poor farmers, in project site and its
surroundings will be involved in pig husbandry and production for piglet and pork in commercial scale to
generate their household income and improve their livelihood. Likewise, a significant population involved in
continued fattening and selling of male piglet will have noticeable increase in their earning.
Up-scaling Pathways
Periodic visit, joint meeting and discussion with concerned stakeholders about the on-going activities and
outcome of the project will help disseminate the information on several aspects of production and marketing
of pigs. Comprehensive publication of packages of practices on small scale pig farming comprising feeding,
breeding, management and health care along with distribution among the concerned stakeholders will no
doubt help disseminate the generated technology in a wider perspective. Farmer to farmer training will help to
develop confidence and know-how about the pig enterprise development. Workshop on the generated outputs
of the project involving district officials, farmers (participants and non-participants), local traders, butchers,
CBOs, NGOs and other concerned stakeholders will help to disseminate the project findings. In addition, the
workshop will strengthen the link among the concerned stakeholders thereby ensuring the sustainability of
small scale pig enterprise.
73
Targeted Outputs:
The outputs that were anticipated to be achieved by the project and their status at the end of project
activities were as follows.
1. Change in pig based livelihood system (social, household income and employment) due to project
activities understood.
The baseline information gathered on livelihood system of participatory farmers through group discussion,
field observation, personal interview and PRA at the beginning of project have been compared with the
observation made at the end of project period. A clear difference in household income among the
participatory and non-participatory farmers has been observed. On an average, the piglet producing
farmers were able to get 1.3 farrowing and wean 8 piglets/sow/year thereby obtained around 26 thousand
rupees as additional gross household income. On the other hand, the fattening pig reached about 100 Kg
and fetched 16 thousand rupees in one year time. Since the piglet producing farmers were supposed to
raise two sows and the fatteners group raised 3 pigs, the additional gross household income generated due
to pig farming account to be 50 thousand rupees per year which is lucrative option to the resource poor. At
least one person of the participatory household was occupied in cleaning the shed; collecting the feed
stuffs, cooking, feeding; taking care of newly born and seeking veterinary help as and when required. The
income and employment generated in the participatory household clearly enhanced their social status,
ability to afford for family nutrition and confidence to take part in community activities. Therefore it can
be said that small scale pig farming have been successful in bringing positive changes in the resource poor
and disadvantaged community in terms of household income, nutrition, employment and social status as
compared to nonparticipating farmers.
2. Improved practices of continued piglet production and fattening of male piglet scheme along with
marketing system developed.
A new approach of continued piglet production followed by their subsequent fattening has been
successfully adopted in the project. For this purpose; the piglet producer group (PPG), which are otherwise
known as first tire group (FTG), has been formed involving 50 participatory farmers. They constructed
improved shed and received training on various aspects of pig farming like piglet rearing, feeding using
locally available feed resources, housing and health management. Each of them have received one female
piglet from the project and purchased additional one piglet by their own. On the other hand; fattening
farmer’s group (FFG), which is otherwise known as second tire group (STG) has been formed involving
50 participatory farmers. They have also constructed improved shed, attended training on various aspects
of pig farming and received inputs supplied by the project. They did fattening of at least 3 piglets by
purchasing from the first tire group. A second group of piglet producing farmers was also formed who
received one female piglet from the first PPG as per the passing on gift scheme. Similarly a second group
of fattening farmers was also formed and promoted as per the first one. In this way, a model has been
developed for continued piglet production and their subsequent fattening by comprising 200 pig raising
households organized in four different groups. Out of the four groups, farmers in PPG involved in piglet
production and those in FFG were involved in fattening thereby establishing a kind of network of piglets
marketing among themselves. In addition, fattening in groups attracted the local traders thereby making
easy to sell pigs for meat purpose in the local markets and nearby urban centers. Therefore, it can be said
that a model of continued piglet production and fattening has been devised and applied successfully which
might continue even after completion of the project.
3. Training package on pig husbandry based on local resources for small scale production system developed.
A booklet on pig husbandry comprising various aspects of pig farming like feeding, breeding, health and
marketing has been designed and published. The book has been written in Nepali language targeting the
small scale pig producers who rely mostly on locally available feed resources to feed their pigs. The book
would no doubt be an asset to conduct training on pig farming as an income generating activity to the propoor and disadvantaged groups across the country. Therefore, it seems that the output has been achieved as
anticipated by the project.
4. The generated technological information on small scale pig enterprise disseminated.
74
A daylong workshop has been organized in Hetauda inviting participants from diverse field. The DAO,
DDC, VDCs, DLSO, DADO, DFO, DCO, WDO Local NGOs, Cooperatives, political parties, farmers,
businessman, local radios, printed media etc. have attended the workshop where the preliminary findings
of the project has been discussed. In addition, the pig farming booklet published by the project has been
disseminated to the concerned stakeholders. Thus it seems that the workshop organized to discuss the
project findings at the end of project and the distribution of booklet on pig farming has been influential to
help spread the technological information in a wider perspective.
Activities
Progress status
1.1 Site selection/
At the beginning, ward no 5 & 6 of Manahari VDC Makwanpur
meeting with
were selected as project implementation sites which later on
stakeholders
extended to ward no 3,4 & 7 mainly to select the adequate number
of appropriate participatory farmers. Pre-field visit was made along
with meeting & interaction with concerned stakeholders like
participatory farmers, CBOs, local political bodies, district line
agencies, collaborators, project team members etc so as to make
them aware of the project and to identify their potential role and
responsibilities. Series of such interactions were found helpful to
finalize the working approach and modalities, and to clarify the
issues that were important to discuss in the process of inception and
to begin the work.
1.2 Social
This activity targeted for the first two years of project has been
Mobilization & undertaken to understand the role of pig in livelihood approach of
PRA
the participatory community. Continued efforts were made to
motivate and encourage the farmers to take care of their pigs,
maintain good hygienic condition in the pig shed, prepare pig feed
using locally available feed resources fortified with the feed
supplements provided by the project, consult the animal health
worker of the nearby service center of DLSO as and when necessary
etc. The members of PPG were encouraged to pass on one female
piglet as a gift to another member as per the scheme designed by the
project. Similarly, the participants of the second tire i.e. FFG were
encouraged to fatten by procuring piglets from the first tire group.
Regular field visits were made during which interaction and
discussion were held with pig raising farmers together with
collecting and recording the pertinent information using PRA tools.
1.3 Household
Household surveys have been undertaken at the beginning and end
survey
of the project involving the participatory and non-participatory
farmers inhabiting the same locality. Semi-structured questionnaire
check-list prepared for such purpose was used to gather
information particularly on changes in income, employment,
household nutrition due to pig farming. Group discussion and
observation of household’s surroundings were also taken into
account to compare and contrast the changes in the community as a
result of being or not being a part of the implemented project
activities. A pronounced positive change in household income,
nutrition, employment and social status of the participatory farmers
has been witnessed as compared to those of nonparticipating
farmers.
2.1Training
This has been a regular task of the project and was carried out
successfully to impart the knowledge and skills to the participatory
farmers on various aspects of pig farming. The location and contents
Remarks
Completed
in November
2009
Completed
in November
2010
Completed
in November
2011
Completed
in November
2011
75
2.2 Piglet purchase
2.3Input Supply
2.4
Fattening of male
piglets
2.5
Data analysis
3.1 Development of
management
package
76
of training has been chosen to suit the need and interest of
participatory farmers. Each group comprising 50 participants
received at least two training during the project period. They have
been trained on construction of improved shed for pig, preparation
of pig feed using locally available feed resources, care and
management of pregnant sow and newly born piglets, improved pig
breeds available in Nepal and their breeding management, major
diseases of pigs and their management, importance of vaccine and
vaccination etc. The participants have regarded the training as very
informative and useful.
Training was focused on overall management, health care and major
disease of pig together with prevention and control of major
diseases. Emphasis was also given to reduce the feeding cost by the
use of locally available feed resources and how to enrich them using
some feed additives as to meet the requirement of growing pigs.
This project has introduced the improved breeds of pig like
Landrace, Duroc and Yorkshire from Chitwan, Pokhara and
Makwanpur to the project implemented sites on partnership basis. A
total of 50 female and 5 male piglets were supplied by the project
whereas each participatory farmers of PPG procured one female
piglet by their own. In this way 100 female and 5 male pigs were
maintained in 50 households which were organized as piglet
producing group or PPG.
As one of the regular tasks scheduled for the entire project period,
this activity has been completed successfully. Inputs that were
deemed necessary for pig farming like feed additives,
antihelminthics, mineral and vitamin preparations, antibiotics and
sanitary products were supplied to the participatory farmers both in
the PPG and FFG during the project period. Since the project
intended to encourage pig feeding based on locally available feed
ingredients, feed additives supplied were mostly the minerals and
vitamins. Such preparations needed to enrich the locally prepared
creep or pig feed.
Two groups of fattening farmers i.e. FFG have been formed who
procured at least three piglets from the PPG and carried out their
fattening for meat purpose. However, the resource poor farmer often
faced difficulty in meeting the feed needs through the locally
available resources as they were not sufficient. Some observed suboptimal weight gain if commercial or fortified feeds were not
supplied. Therefore, some farmers might show unwillingness or
cannot continue fattening if not supported in feed fortification. This
has provided a useful learning that pig farming as an income
generating activities should be introduced cautiously among the
ultra poor.
The information generated in the project was compiled and
processed using SPSS computer package. The qualitative and
quantitative information were analyzed using the suitable statistical
tools and interpreted accordingly.
A booklet on pig husbandry, written in Nepali language, has been
published and available for distribution. The booklet has targeted
the pro-poor farmers involved in small scale piggery who depend
mostly on locally available feed resources to feed their pigs.
Completed
in March
2010
Completed
in November
2011
Completed
in November
2011
Completed
in March
2012
Completed
in March
2012
4.1 Tours/Visits
4.2 Workshop with
concerned
stakeholders
Nevertheless, it might be a useful asset to teaching, research and
extension across the country.
Day-long observation tours have been organized twice during the
project period involving about 40 participatory farmers in each tour
who have visited various pig farms in Chitwan, Nawalparasi and
Makwanpur districts. It has been useful in acquiring first-hand
information on various aspects of pig farming including feeding,
breeding, health care, management and marketing. The tour has
been regarded very productive by the participants in terms of
imparting knowledge, skills and insights through exposure.
A day long workshop has been organized in Hetauda involving
participants from various walks of life to discuss and disseminate
the outcome of the project. Government line agencies, local
development
institutions,
non-government
organizations,
cooperative, CBOs and other concerned stakeholders actively
participated the workshop. The workshop has been very successful
in dissemination of project findings in a wider perspective.
Completed
in March
2011
Completed
in March
2011
1.
A pig farming model comprised of continued piglet production and fattening has been devised and
successfully executed involving the pig farming communities.
2.
The “passing on gift” scheme could be successfully implemented to expand pig farming among the
potential pig raisers.
3.
Locally available feed resources could be better utilized if fortified with minerals and vitamins to meet
the need of pregnant and fatteners.
4.
Fattening program should be cautiously introduced among the ultra poor as an income generating
option. In the face of their inability to afford for pig feeds, they might show unwillingness to continue
the activity thereby leading to program failure.
5.
Marketing network could be easily established for the piglets and fatteners if the program is
implemented in suburban or growing market centers with road accessibility.
77
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Improved forage based Jersey cattle rearing program in
Sandhikharka and its adjoining VDCs of Arghakhanchi district to
Promote dairy industries
617/2008/09
Harish Chandra Bhusal
Argha village Development committee, Arghakhanchi
9857027904
[email protected]
16 July, 2009 (
End Date:
B.S.2066/04/01)
1955452
Argha, Kimdanda, Sandhikharka
15 July, 2012 (
B.S.2069/03/30)
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Livestock is an important source for subsistence of farmers in the hilly area of Nepal. It is also act as a
"Living bank of poor farmers". However livestock productivity in the hill is esteemed to be very low. Out of
which milk production and productivity is very low and availability of standardize milk in the district
headquarter of hilly district is one of the crucial problems of Nepal. Total milk production in Nepal during
1997/98 was 1.05 million Mt. The Agriculture perspective plan (APP) targets 4 folds increase of this figure in
20 years period. Presently, 10% of the total milk produced in the country through the formal sector. The
Department of Livestock Services has given priority in milk production. Further more increase access to rural
road due to increasing construction of highways and link/agriculture/rural roads would mean increase
opportunity for rural milk producers to urban centers to market their milk. Out of many hilly district
headquarter, availability of standardize milk in Arghakhanchi district headquarter ( Sandhikharka) is one of
the problems. Promotion of dairy industries in Sandhikharka VDC by increasing the milk production in its
peripheral VDCs is the best solution to alleviate these problems. Rural farmers of proposed VDCs have raised
low productive local buffaloes as their livestock farming and thus they have very low household income.
Only four farmers near by market raise jersey cattle and become able to increase their income by selling milk
in the market. Jersey cattle in the area have showed better performance for milk production than buffalo. A
research showed that average milk yield of jersey is higher than murrah buffalo i.e. average milk yield of
jersey is 4500 liter per lactation where as milk yield of Murrah buffaloes varies from 1030 to 2907 liter per
lactation CA Gopalak rishnan, G. Morley, Mohanlal (1996). Livestock and poultry enterprises for Rural
development .Gestation as well as dry period is longer in buffalo than in jersey cattle. Lactation period of
buffalo is 270 days, followed by dry period of 125 days where as lactation period of cattle is 305 days and dry
period of 60 days. Above reason showed that Jersey cattle farming could be the profitable enterprises for
increasing their aggregate income of household. Farmers of the proposed area interested to increase their
income through high milk yield livestock farming but reluctant to adopt new technologies because of small
farmers. Most of the farmers of the project area raise buffaloes traditionally and small support will help and
compel them to adopt jersey farming. Promotion of cattle for semi commercial production needs support on
improved breed, proper management practices and other technical advises for increasing milk production in
the project area.
The overall purpose of the project is to promote dairy industries by increasing milk production and
productivity through improved forage based jersey rearing program. By 2012, proposed project has aimed the
production of milk in the proposed four VDCs will increase by 50 % and small scale dairy enterprises will be
well established. Above mentioned purpose will be achieved by enhancing technical skill/ capacity,
entrepreneurship and organizational set up of the farmers and dairy entrepreneur, by introducing and
promoting jersey cattle in proposed VDCs, by up scaling of technologies and technical know how to other
78
adjoining VDCs. Establishment of the small scale dairy enterprises in Arghakhanchi district headquarter
would provide market for farmers and at the same time make processed milk/ milk products available to the
market population, replacing the existing unhygienic handling / selling of loose milk . The major problems
that the project will help to resolve are :
• Poor availability of milk in Sandhikharka, main marketing center and the district headquarter of
Arghakhanchi district.
• A small scale (up to 1000 liter/day capacity) dairy plant was started in B.S. 2056 to fulfill the
demand of milk in the area. But due to inadequate milk supply, plant can't run properly and
ultimately it was stopped in 2059 B.S. Similarly another entrepreneur again started the plant but
within one year plant became closed. Now a entrepreneur has started a plant which is poorly run due
to scarcity of raw milk. This existing plant can provide only 20 liter of milk/day where the demand of
milk in the district headquarter is about 800 liter / day ( Survey report of Sandhikharka VDC , 2063)
• Most of the rural farmers of the proposed project area have very low household income and they
raise buffaloes for milk and hardly maintain their livelihood. Only a few farmers raise jersey cattle
and show the better performance in the project area but most of the farmers of the project area are
small and thus reluctant to raise Jersey cattle due to low risk bearing capacity.
• Farmers of the project area don't have any special information and knowledge for improved grass
cultivation and management of marginal land for grass production.
• It has felt an urgent need to introduce new technologies for increasing the milk production to solve
the problems of milk scarcity in the market of Arghakhanchi district headquarter. Because
Arghakhanchi district headquarter has milk deficit of about 780 liter/ day ( Survey report of
Sandhikharka VDC , 2063)
• Women and resource poor farmers are not exposed to new yield enhancing technologies eg.
Improved breed.
• Arghakhanchi district has constructed the highest number of fair weather road in Nepal. Thus soil
erosion as well as land slide becomes the main problems for the district. Improved grass plantation to
the edge of the road will be one of the solutions among many.
• Milk collection and supply network in the project area is very poor. So identification and
establishment of milk collection center is necessary at the same time milk producer farmers
association is must.
• Farmers of the area do not have any knowledge about Artificial insemination and its advantages
which will be the important activity for breeding Jersey cattle instead of distributing breeding bulls.
It is expected that this proposed project will solve the above mentioned problems and thus it is rational for the
proposed area.
Beneficiaries
Directly 40 Jersey cattle rearing farmers household, a dairy entrepreneur and 4000 people of district
headquarter are benefited from the project. Improved grass plantation to the edge of the above proposed four
road and marginal land of the farmers of the project area will help to protect soil erosion. Through this activity
directly or indirectly more than 18000 population will be benefited. The proposed project covers five village
development committees including district headquarter. All the VDCs are the peripheral VDCs of district
headquarter . All together the proposed project directly serves a population of about 22000 which comprises
3400 households. The pre dominant ethnic group in the area are Brahin / chhetree 48 %, Dalit 30 % and
Janajati/ Adibasi 22 % ( Updated district profile 2064/65, DDC , Arghakhanchi) . The overall literacy rate of
project area is about 65 % ( Report of DEO, 2064).
People of Bazzar area will be benefited by increased production and productivity of nutritious food per unit
area, which will help to reduce protein energy deficient malnutrition, growth retardation and increase per
capita milk consumption. Women, infant, Children, Pregnant and lactating mother, patient, elderly population,
officials, merchant and small scale resource poor and marginal farmers including Dalit, Janajati, Aadibasi are
the main beneficiaries of this project in particular.
79
Output 1
Technical Skill/Capacity, entrepreneurship and organizational set up of
farmers and entrepreneur of dairy plant enhanced.
• 47 milk producers farmers involved in jersey cattle farming
• 84 Jersey cattle has been reared in concerned VDCs.
• four jersey rearing farmers group has been formed.
• one dairy entrepreneur of Sandhikharka VDCs has gain a appropriate knowledge to produce
hygienic milk.
• Two farmers from the VDCs has become the resource person for improved livestock farming
Output 2
Farmers introduce and promote jersey cattle through improved forage
cultivation.
• 47 farmers of the proposed VDCs reared jersey cattle.
• 11 more rural farmers of the project area has itself purchased one each lactating Jersey cattle.
• 15 ropanies of marginal land of proposed VDCs farmers covered by improved grass Amriso (
Broom grass, Molases, Stylo etc).
• About 350 liter of hygienic milk has been distributed to the district headquarter.
• 42 farmers were involved in observation tour
Output 3
Availability of hygienic and standardize milk in district headquarter
increased
• Four collection center has been identified in each proposed VDCs and two collection center has been
established in kimdanda VDC.
• About 350 liter of milk has been collected and supplied in the market.
• Milk production of the proposed VDCs has been increased by 40 %.
Output 4
Up scaling of technologies and technical know how to the remaining
farmers of proposed village development committees and five other
adjoining VDCs.
• 30 Jersey calves have born from the distributed 40 cows and rest of all are lactating .
• All Jersey cattle rearing farmers became informative about the concept of Artificial insemination.
• About 20 % farmers of the proposed VDCs has became well known about Artificial insemination
and improved grass cultivation practices.
• About 15 farmers has been itself attracted in Jersey cattle farming.
• One more rural road construction users committee has been planted the Amriso at the edge of the
road.
• 40 farmers were aware about the artificial insemination
• Rest of Five VDCs namely Dharapani,patauti, Nuwakot, Thada and Panena of the Arghakhanchi has
been attracted for cattle raising.
Up-scaling Pathways
This is itself an up scaling type project which primarily focuses on empowering the technical and marketing
skills of potential community based milk producers groups. Enhancing updated knowledge, Skills,
institutional learning and networks of these groups with other governent and non government institutions will
pave way for further out scaling of Jersey breed and improved grass cultivation practices. In other words,
once the groups starts to produce increase milk production from Jersey cattle through improved grass
cultivation that is the sign of ensured uptake pathway.
DLSO, Arghakhanchi will be involved in Artificial insemination program for Jersey cattle breeding and
improved grass cultivation practices. Moreover it will involve for technical monitoring as well as progrmme
planning. Memorandum between the project and DLSO, Arghakhanchi has been made in this aspect.
Especially following will be the promotion pathways for uptake or up scaling of the project outputs:
80
•
Jersey cattle rearing and improved grass cultivation activities will be practiced on farmers field
which will help to convince the farmers and will be the best method of adopting the program in the
adjoining area.
•
•
Linkage development between farmers and DLSO.
Publication and dissemination of leaflet and booklets about success story of Jersey cattle breeding
through improved grass cultivation in the marginal land of the farmers and edge of the road.
•
Program monitoring evaluation and impact assessment for up scaling or uptake feed back to the rest
of the farmers.
• Market management workshop between and within DLSO, DDC, VDCs, milk producers and dairy
entrepreneur
• Promotion of dairy enterprises in district headquarter is the important sector of District as district
council has given priority and thereby it has become the concerned of district. Thus it is
automatically the uptake and up scaling sign.
• DLSO has started the Artificial insemination program from this year (2065/66) which will help to
breeding the distributed cattle breed and increase the number of Jersey breed in the project area.
• Inter district observation tour of stakeholder.
Once the farmers are convinced from the beneficial effects of the technology, it is not only sustained,
but also disseminated from one place to another as the high milk yielding jersey breed and improved
grasses, when the project support is withdrawn.
Again, high Milk production and productivity from the Jersey cattle will automatically help to run the dairy
enterprises in sustainable manner and ultimately consumer of the project area will get hygienic milk regularly.
Targeted Outputs:
Output 1
Technical Skill/Capacity, entrepreneurship and organizational set up of farmers
and entrepreneur of dairy plant enhanced.
Output 2
Farmers introduce and promote jersey cattle through improved forage
cultivation.
Output 3
Availability of hygienic and standardize milk in district headquarter increased
Output 4
Up scaling of technologies and technical know how to the remaining farmers of
proposed village development committees and five other adjoining VDCs.
Activities
Conduct field survey to identify
the active farmers interested in
jersey cattle farming.
Village development committee
wise program implementation
pre workshop
Progress status
Two field technician namely Mani Ram Paudel was
involved in field survey. During the period, field
technician gathered farmers in different settlement
and identify the 36 active farmers interested in
jersey cattle farming. Those farmers has purchased
40 cross breed of jersey cattle. Project coordinator
namely Harishchandr Bhusal as well as Socioeconomist Suraj Saru has been playing a guiding
role to identify the farmers. After identify the
interested farmers, four group has been formed in
the concerned VDCs.
Program implementation workshops were conducted
in Kimdanda, Argha, Sandhikharka and Dhikura
VDCs on 2066/5/5, 2066/5/15, 2066/5/18 and
2066/6/1 respectively. During the period, VDCs
bodies, Intellectual, women, dalit, Janajati were
participated. In the workshop of Argha VDC, there
was 80 people were Participated. Similarly in
Remarks
81
Facilitation to the milk
producers in group formation
and marketing network.
Leaders farmers training on
livestock management and
improved grass plantation.
Local resource person
development training VAHW
Improved as well as local forage
grass plantation campaign in
marginal land of farmers and
edge of the road.
Import jersey cattle and
distributed to the interested
identified farmers
Identification and establishment
of the milk collection center in
each four village development
committee.
Observation tour for jersey
rearing farmers.
82
kimdanda 100, in Dhikura 56 and in Sandhikharka
88 farmers were participated. In the workshops
Project Coordinator, Socio- economist and field
technician facilitated about the program modality.
In four VDCs, all together four farmers groups have
been formed. There is 10 members in each group.
Field technician was fully involved in group
formation.
Five days leaders farmers training on livestock
management and improved grass plantation was
conducted in Kimdanda VDC in the first trimester
where as another training was conducted in Argha
VDCs at Magh 3, 2066 in second trimester. Project
coordinator and field technician was the resource
person of the training. The training was conducted
at the date of 2066 Kartik 8 to kartik 12.
One farmer from each VDC was selected for local
resource person development training. Altogether 4
farmers achieved resource person development
training.
40 farmers have planted the Broom grass in their
marginal land during Ashad in close contact with
field technician of LBSCD. Project has assisted the
farmers in purchasing and transportation of sets of
Broom grass. All together 15 ropanies land was
covered by plantation. During this month different
grass plantation campaign was conducted
Upto now only 47 farmers purchase the jersey cattle.
All 47 jersey cattle were purchased from Kathmandu
district and distributed to the farmers. All farmers,
organization chairperson, technician were involved
in selecting and purchasing the jersey. Project was
assist to the farmers for transportation of cattle.
Remaining 5 Jersey cattle was purchased from
Kapilvastu district and distributed to the
Sandhikharka VDCs. Field technician of the project
day to day visits the jersey cattle rearing farmers to
identify the problems.
One milk collection center was established in Neta
of Kimdanda VDC and
another one was
established in Argha VDC. Other two milk
collection center is in process. Farmers and field
technician just select the site for milk collection.
Altogether 42 farmers from the project area were
involved in the observation tour dated, Kartik 5 to 7
in Kapilvastu, palpa, Rupandehi district. Two
technician namely Mani Ram Paudel and Padam
Ghimire facilited to the farmers during the
observation tour. During the Visit, farmers were
specially observed the dairy enterprise in the
respective district. Not only were these farmers
visited in the improved grass cultivation area in
Facilitation to the dairy
entrepreneur for managing the
plant.
Coordination and interaction
meeting between and within
milk producer’s farmers and
entrepreneur of dairy plant for
regular collection and supply of
milk.
Market Management workshop
between and within District
Livestock Office, District
Development Committee, Village
Development Committee, Milk
Producers, dairy Plan
entrepreneur.
Coordination / linkage
development of farmers with
DLSO for jersey cattle breeding
through Artificial insemination .
Training to the farmers about
the artificial insemination
Publication/dissemination of
leaflets, booklets and training
materials about jersey breed, its
artificial insemination and
improved grass cultivation.
Program monitoring evaluation
and impact assessment for
palpa. Farmers also observed the commercialize
farming as well as individual farmers rearing the
Jersey cattle and their performance in rural areas.
DLSO staff , project socioeconomist , project
coordinator as well as field technician visit the dairy
plant and suggest the dairy entrepreneur to extent the
service by establishing the small sells center in
different cluster. A meeting was arranged with
different consumers, milk producers and different
stakeholder in sandhikharka VDCs during 18 Magh
2066. Another coordination meeting was held at
2067 Ashad 26 .
Four coordination and interaction meeting between
and within milk producer’s farmers and entrepreneur
of dairy plant for regular collection and supply of
milk has been completed in Sandhikharka VDC.
A workshop was conducted in the district
headquarter with different stakeholder such as
DLSO, DDC, VDC and farmers. During the period,
Discussion about further increase in milk
production, its marketing, and quality was done.
During the period Butwal Dairy Development
Corporation was also participated. At the moment
Butwal DDC was committed to take a huge amount
of milk if farmers can produce. This further helps to
up scaling of the program. Farmers besides the
project VDCs were also excited to purchase Jersey
Cattle to increase their income level. In conclusion
the workshop was so fruitful and is expected to
further expansion of the program.
A coordination. Linkage development of farmers
with DLSO for jersey cattle breeding through AI
was completed in Sandhikharka. During the period
DLSO staff and project staff presented the concept,
Advantages and Disadvantages of AI.
Two days training to the all 40 farmers involved in
Jersey Cattle farming was conducted in Kimdanda
VDCs. This training was just provided to the
farmers on awareness raising about the Artificial
insemination. During the training they were aware
about the Advantages and Disadvantages of AI,
Estrus period and estrus cycle, Gestation period,
Rectal palpation etc.
10000 piece of leaflets related to Artificial
insemination and improved grass cultivation process
were published and distributed to the project area.
Furthermore some booklets were also published and
distributed to the jersey cattle related farmers.
Project monitoring team visited eight times in each
VDC and provide a report of success and feedback
83
also
Besides the monthly meeting of the staff, we have
organized two review and mid term planning
meeting in the concerned VDCs. At the meeting
Review and planning meeting/
various feedback were provided for the further
workshop
strengthening of the program. Project staff, farmers
and other stakeholder were the participant of the
review meeting.
Output 1
Technical Skill/Capacity , entrepreneurship and organizational set up of farmers and
entrepreneur of dairy plant enhanced.
Rating
4
OVI Status
• 102 milk producers farmers involved in jersey cattle farming
• 200 Jersey cattle has been reared in concerned VDCs.
• four jersey rearing farmers group has been formed.
• Three dairy enterprises has been established in the district headquarter and one
dairy entrepreneur of Sandhikharka VDCs has gain a appropriate knowledge to
produce hygienic milk
• All together 5 farmers from the VDCs has become the resource person for
improved livestock farming
Output 2
Farmers introduce and promote jersey cattle through improved forage cultivation.
Rating
4
OVI Status
•
102 farmers of the proposed VDCs reared jersey cattle.
• 62 more rural farmers of the project area has itself purchased one each lactating
Jersey cattle.
• 30 ropanies of marginal land of proposed VDCs farmers covered by improved
grass Amriso ( Broom grass, Molases, Stylo etc).
• About 800 liter of hygienic milk has been distributed to the district headquarter.
• 42 farmers were involved in observation tour
Output 3
Availability of hygienic and standardize milk in district headquarter increased
Rating
4
OVI Status
• Four collection center has been identified in each proposed VDCs
• About 800 liter of milk has been collected and supplied in the market .
• Milk production of the proposed VDCs has been increased by 150 %.
Output 4
Up scaling of technologies and technical know how to the remaining farmers of
proposed village development committees and five other adjoining VDCs.
Rating
4
OVI Status
• 45 Jersey calves have born from the distributed 40 cows and rest of all are
lactating .
• All Jersey cattle rearing farmers became informative about the concept of
Artificial insemination.
• About 50 % farmers of the proposed VDCs has became well known about
Artificial insemination and improved grass cultivation practices.
• About 65 farmers has been itself attracted in Jersey cattle farming.
• One more rural road construction users committee has been planted the Amriso at
the edge of the road.
• 40 farmers were aware about the artificial insemination
• Rest of six VDCs namely Dharapani,patauti, Nuwakot, Thada, pokharathok and
Panena of the Arghakhanchi has been attracted for cattle raising.
feedback .
84
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
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pTkfbgdf j[l4 ul/ yk cfo cfh{g / kz'kfngjf6 kz'hGo pTkfbg / dnsf] k|of]u Pj+ df6f]sf] ;'/Iffjf6 hdLgsf]
pTkfbsTjdf ;'wf/ eO{ jfnL pTkfbgdf j[l4 u/L vfB ;'/Iffjf6 ls;fgsf] lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ NofO{ kz' cfxf/sf]
pknJwtfdf j[l4 / kz' tyf s[lif hGo pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbO{ ul/jL Go"lgs/0f ug]{ ;f]r /x]sf] 5 . h;jf6 k|ToIf ?kdf
kfvf kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf] z;lQms/0fdf d2t k'Ug] 5 .
o; kl/of]hgfn] kfNkf / c3f{vfFrL lhNnfsf & uflj;df vfB ;'/Iffsf nflu 3fF;sf] u'0f:t/Lo jLpsf] pTkfbg, ljqmL
;fy} kz'kfngjf6 ls;fgsf] cfly{s :t/ j[l4 eO{ lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] nIo ;lxt u'0f:tl/o 3fF; jLp
cfk"lt{df hf]8 lbO{ ls;fgx?sf] cfDbfgL Pj+ kz' cfxf/sf] pknJwtfn] s[lif / kz'hGo pTkfbgdf j[l4 ul/ vfB ;'/Iffdf
hf]8 lbg] p2]Zo ;lxt u'0f:tl/o 3f+; ljp pTkfbg / cfk"lt{ ;+hfn ljsf;, 3f+;sf] pknJwtf / kz'kfng ;fy}
sfo{qmdsf] k|rf/ k|;f/df hf]8 lbO{g] 5 .
•
u'0f:tl/o 3fF; jLp cfk"lt{df hf]8 lbO{ ls;fgx?sf] cfDbfgL Pj+ kz' cfxf/sf] pknJwtfn] s[lif / kz'hGo
pTkfbgdf j[l4 ul/ vfB ;'/Iffdf hf]8 .
Beneficiaries
•
o; kl/of]hgfn] kz'kfng / 3fF;sf] jLp pTkfbgsf] ;+efjgf ePsf kfNkf lhNnfsf % uflj; 5x/f,
e"jgkf]v/L, km]s, l;4]Zj/, lrt{'Ëwf/f, kf]v/fyf]s / cwf{vfFrL lhNnfsf @ uflj; aNsf]6 / d}bfgsf
@÷@ jf8{sf @%÷@% ls;fgx?nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo jLp pTkfbg ;fy} kz'kfng dfkm{t cfo cfh{g / vfB
;'/Iffsf nflu sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . @ lhNnfsf !$ ;d'xsf !^%) hg;+Vof sfo{qmdjf6 k|ToIf
nfeflGjt x'g] 5g\ .
Output 1
•
u'0f:tl/o 3fF; jLp ;+sng / ljlqmsf] ;+hfn lgdf{0f eO{ ls;fgx?sf] cfo cfh{g ePsf] x'g]5 .
85
!=! kl/of]hgf cGt ;Dddf #%) hgf ls;fgx?n] jflif{s ?kdf Go'td !)) s]=hL= ljleGg hftsf] u'0f:t/Lo
jLp pTkfbg / cfk"lt{ eO{ Go'gtd k|ltJoflQm $) xhf/ cfDbfgL u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
!=@ 3fF; ljpsf] ;+sng tyf ljlqmsfnflu :yflgo :t/df 3fF; ljp ;xsf/L @ j6f :yfkgf u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
Output 2 :
•
ls;fgx?sf] vfB;'/Iff / lxpbdf klg kz'x?nfO{ kf]lznf] xl/of] 3f+; pknAw ePsf] x'g]5 .
@=! kl/of]hgfsf] cGt ;Dddf #%) hgf ls;fgx?n] lxpFbdf yk @ dlxgf xl/of] 3fF; kz'x?nfO{ VjfO{
kz'kfngdf ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g]5 .
@=@ ;+:yfn] k|:tfljt u/]sf sfo{ If]q leqsf #%) ls;fgx?n] cfkm\gf] kz'nfO{ ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ Vf'jfO{ e};Lsf]
b'w tyf jfv|fsf] df;' ljlqmjf6 Go'gtd ?=%))) yk cfDbfgL u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
Output 3 :
cfof]hgfsf] k|ltkmnsf]] Aofks k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf] x'g]5 .
#=! kl/of]hgf If]q jflx/ s[ifsx?n] !) x]S6/ hdLgdf 3fF;sf] jLp v]tL ug{ z'?jft u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
#=@ kl/of]hgf If]q 3fF;sf] u'0f:t/Lo jLp pTkfbg / cfk"lt{ s]Gb|sf] ?kdf kl/lrt eO{ If]qut ?kdf 3fF;sf]
jLp lgoldt pknJw x'g]5 .
Up-scaling Pathways
;+:yfn] ;d'x u7g s[ifsx?nfO{ 3fF; jLp 5g]{ ;fy} ;+/If0f ;fy} jLp ;+sngsf nflu tflnd ;+rfng ul/g]
5 . s[ifsx?nfO{ cfjZos k|ljlws ;xof]u lgoldt ul/g] 5 . jLp pTkfbgnfO{ kz'kfng ;+u hf]8]/ sfo{qmd
ul/g] 5 .
of] k|ljlwsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ePdf ls;fgx? cfkm} g} vf]h]/ klg ljleGg 3fF; jLp v]tL ub{5g\ . ;+:yfn]
ljleGg ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, ;d'x tyf ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ lhNnf leq aflx/ klg sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug]{ 5 . gd'gf kl/If0f ^ :yfgdf kl/If0f Kn6 :yfkgf ul/g] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] If]q lj:tf/ k|fljwLnfO{ :yfgLo
txdf k'¥ofpg o:tf sfd ul/g]5 . h;n] sfo{qmdnfO{ lbuf] agfpg] 5 . o; sfo{qmdaf6 cfPsf pknlAwx?nfO{
lhNnfsf ;/f]sf/jfnf ljrdf klg cg'ejsf] cfbfg k|bfg ul/g]5 . @ jif{ kl5 lhNnf leq aflx/sf ls;fg ljr
3fF; jLp / 3fF;sf]] pkof]lutf af/]df k|rf/ k|;f/ ;fy} sf]z]nL / pkxf/ k|bfgsf] sfd s[ifsx?n] cfkmGthg jf
;fyL efO{ :jo+ ug]{ 5g\ . uflj;, :yfgLo ljsf; sf]if, lhNnf jg sfof{no, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / km]sf]kmg
;Fu sfd ug{sf nflu ;xdlt ePsf]]n] kl/of]hgfsf ;kmn l;sfO{x?nfO{ lhNnf e/L lj:tf/ ug{ k"0f{ ;xof]u
ldNg]5 .
Targeted Outputs:
Activities Proposed
Activities Proposed
!= u'0f:t/Lo 3fF; jLp pTkfbg / jhf/ Jofj:yfkg
!=! lhNnf txdf sfo{{qmd jf/] hfgsf/L
!=@ 3fF; jLp pTkfbg / ks]6 If]q 5gf}6 uflj;
cled'vLs/0f
!=# s[ifs 5gf}6, ;d'x u7g / cfwf/e't tYofÍ
;+sng
!=$ v]tjf/Ldf ;d'x s[ifs 3fF+; jLp nufpg]]
hfgsf/L tflnd ! k6s ! lbg
!=%;d'xnfO{ 3f+;sf] d'n jLp vl/b / k|fljlws ;xof]u
!=^ gd'gf 3f+; ljp Kn6 l;sfO{ e|d0f
!=& s[ifsnfO{ u'0f:tl/o 3fF; ljp ;+sng / e08f/ jf/]
Jofjxf/Ls tflnd
!=@=! jLp pTkfbs s[ifs ;xsf/L dfkm{t ;+hfnLs/0f
86
Progress status
Remarks
@)^^ efb|df ;DkGg
@)^^ >fj0f b]vL cflZjg ;Dd ;DkGg
@)^^ >fj0f / efb|df ;DkGg
@)^^ >fj0f b]vL sflt{s ;Dd ;DkGg
@)^^ >fj0f b]vL lg/Gt/ ;xof]u
@)^& ;DkGg
@)^& sflt{s sflt{s / d+l;/ df3df;DkGg
@)^& h]i7 / c;f/df ;+hfn agfO ;xsf/Ldf
cfj4 u/L lg/Gt/ ;xof]u
!=@=@ jLp pTkfbs s[ifs / Jofkf/L ljr 5nkmn
@=@ gd'gf If]q ks]6 sfo{qmd
@=@=! 3fF; jLp pTkfbg tflnd ! lbg @ k6s
@=@=@ ;d'xdf ljkGg dxLnfsfnflu cfocfh{g
3'lDtsf]if
#=! sfo{qmdsf] k|rf/ k|;f/
#=!=! lnkm\n]6 k|sfzg
#=!=@ :tDe n]v k|sfzg
#=!=# PkmPd /]l8of] sfo{{qmd
#=!=$ ;+rf/sdL{ :ynut cg'udg
#=!=% ls;fgnfO{ ldlg ls6 ljt/0f
#=!=^ ;dGjo j}7s
#=!=& s[ifs cGtlqmof sfo{zfnf uf]i7L
#=!=* s[ifs lbjz / ;fj{hlgs kl/If0f
#=!=( clGtd k|ltj]bg k|sf;g
@)^& sflt{sdf ;DkGg
@)^& sflt{sdf ;DkGg
@)^^ df3 / @)^& sflt{sdf ljt/0f
xfn sfd e} /x]sf] k|]zdf 5kfO{ x'b}
)^& j}zfif, )^& sflt{sdf / )^* sflt{sdf
;DkGg
)^& j}zfifdf / )^& kmfNu'0fdf ;fy} )^*
sflt{sdf ;DkGg
)^^ df3df / @)^& sflt{sdf ;DkGg
)^* h]7 c;f/df ;DkGg
@)^& >fj0fdf ;DkGg
)^& kmfNu'0fdf ;DkGg
)^* r}qdf ;DkGg
xfn sfd e} /x]sf]
kfNkf / c3f{vfFrL lhNnfdf u'0f:t/Lo 3f+; v]tL ljp k|jw{gjf6 cfo cfh{g ;lxt ls;fgx?sf] kz'kfng / vfB
;'/Iffjf6 ul/jL Go"lgs/0f kl/of]hgf jf6 xfn ;Dd ePsf pknlJw lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .
• lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nojf6 sfof{qmddf ;xof]u ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 .
• uflj;x?n] klg 3fF; ljsf; / jfv|fkfng ;fy} ufO{ e};Lsfnflu uflj;sf] jh]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 .
• ;fd'bflos jg / ljBfnosf] hUufdf ;d]t 3fF;sf] ljp j[l4sfnflu sfo{qmd s[ifsx?n] u/]sf 5g\ .
• s[ifsx?n] kfNkf / c3f{vfFrLdf @ j6f ;xsf/L lgdf{0f u/L 3fF; ljp ljsf;sfnflu ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 x'g] sfd
u/]sf 5g\ .
• sfo{qmdsf] kq klqsf ;fy} ;+rf/ dfWodx?df k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf] 5 .
• dlxnf s[ifsx?n] 3'lDtsf]ifjf6 cfo cfh{gsf sfd lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;+rfng u/]sf 5g\ .
87
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Scaling up of Sustainable Soil Management Technologies for
Improving Livelihoods of Resource Poor Farmers in Hills
PP. 619 /2008/09
Dr. Ek Mohan Bhattarai
Regional Agricultural Research Station,
Lumle, Kaski P.O.Box: 1 Pokhara, Nepal
CDMA: 061-622174, Mobile: 9746024828, 9856020787
061-522653
[email protected]
• District Agriculture Development Office, Tanahun
• District Agriculture Development Office, Lamjung,
• Agriculture Research Station (Horticulture) Malepatan, Pokhara
September 2009
September 2011
End Date:
NRS 9,99,810
locations of the project were vegetables growing areas proposed in
different districts were as follows:
Tanahun district: Purkot and Bhanu VDC
Lamjung district: Chiti , Udipur and Bhotewadar VDC
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Nepal has the highest density of livestock per unit-cultivated area of land in the world (Sharma and Subedi 1994).
The main source of manure seems to be from large ruminants such as cattle and buffaloes. Of the total quantity of
49258.6 ton manure produced in the country 28844.1 thousand ton (58.6%) is produced by 6.1 million cattle
followed by 37.7% produced by 3.1 million buffaloes while goats, Chauries, mules and ponies, sheep, poultry and
pigs are also important animals producing manure for crop cultivation (Sherchan, 1989). Modern farming system
based on chemical is not sustainable because of many problems such as loss of nutrient from erosion, surface
and ground water pollution from pesticides, fertilizers, and sediment, impending shortage of non renewable
resources, and low farm income from high production cost. Traditionally prepared FYM/compost takes six to
eight months for well decomposition and nutrient content is also fairly low. The awareness among the farmers
about the importance of application of urine is also lacking. Generally, farmers do not turnout the
FYM/compost in their traditionally prepared heaps/pits hence it remains less decomposed (Tripathi,
1999).FYM prepared by farmers in open heaps is generally of poor quality not only because nutrients are lost
due to volatilization and leaching but also from less decomposition. A study on quality FYM (covered with black
plastic sheet) shows 35% of yield increment of maize grain yield by using quality FYM (Tripathi, 2002).
Improper management and handling of FYM maximizes nutrient loss. Therefore, preparation and application of
quality FYM in the field and its management during collection, decomposition and transportation is of great
importance. Subedi et.al (1993) reported that roofed pit had higher nutrients content (3.41%N, 0.42%P and
0.52%K) as compared to open pit (2.28% N, 0.36% P and 0.28% K). Generally, farmers are collecting litters for
bedding materials for FYM to increase compost. However they have little knowledge about the quality of the
litters, which they collect to be used for manure. There are possibilities of nutrients enrichment of locally
available litters or bedding materials through the proper management of FYM and compost. Therefore, it is
necessary to identify and evaluate locally available litters and bedding materials with their response on crops.
The capacity of the farmers at farm and organizational level to conceptualize the SSM approach scaled up
through the proposed FLEs. Quality of FYM /compost and soil fertility and productivity of resource poor
farmers increased. Successful completion of this project was expected to benefit all the hill farmers from all
strata (both men and women) involved in FYM quality improvement through adoption of SSM technologies
of their choices as they would contribute to increased production and income at farm level for reducing
88
poverty. Women (from all strata), marginal, small-scale and resource-poor farmers of western hills would
improve their livelihoods.
Beneficiaries
Importance of activities for farmers
All the farmers living in the villages benefited by alternative technologies to improve the quality of manure by
the use of EM and urine. Dalit, Janjati , resources poor farmer can not afford to buy chemical fertilizers to
apply in their bari land, so these technologies can be a fruitful alternative to meet the requirement. These
activities incorporates women as a farmer, providers of household food security encourage them need
assessment, program implementation and monitoring and ultimately creates awareness and makes the owner
of the program.
The nutritive value of urine is higher than FYM/compost. It can also be used as a bio pesticide. The nitrogen
content is doubled in urine than in dung. By the use of one litre of EM, 500 kg compost can be prepared
which is called Bokas. Application of EM improves the physical, chemical and biological environment of soil
and reduces the incidence of diseases, insect pest and period of decomposition. It improves the microbial
activities in soil.
Explicitly support to dalit, women and poor household
EM, black polythene sheet and urine collection materials will be provided free of cost at the beginning.
Priority will be given to women farmers (60%), Dalit ( 30%) and small , marginalized socially excluded
farmers ( DAGs).
Contribution to social understanding and peace in the community
These activities are environmentally sound and eco-friendly having no negative impact in human health,
environment and social aspect. The productivity will be increased by using quality FYM/ compost, getting
additional income from vegetables and other crops so that food security, income and livelihood of the
community will be improved which helps in peace keeping in some extent.
It also aims at developing a mechanism of reducing the household work of women farmers.. The participatory
approach to be used in this project is highly effective in empowering western hills’ DAGs farmers from all
strata and especially women and resource-poor farmers to test, identify and adopt quality FYM and vegetables
production of their own choice. Thus, they also can participate in other social work as well as watch/listen
TV/radio programs. This project promotes farmers’ groups into fresh vegetables entrepreneurship as
agribusiness. On one hand, farmers should not spend high price for chemical fertilizer, on the other hand they
can generate cash by selling fresh vegetables and other cash crops in higher prices. Thus, the generated cash
can be invested on other needs as schooling of children, clothing, buying foods etc. Likewise, small and
marginal farmers who can sustain their family for 4 months from grain products; they can sustain at least for 8
months or round the year by selling vegetables. The farmers involved in the project have their
important/crucial role during implementation of different activities (experimentation, verification,
demonstration, dissemination, production and marketing) of this project. Thus, they will have ownership of
the process and results of this project.
- About 25% nutrient loss would be reduced and nitrogen content in FYM increased by 25% in
command area by the end of project.
- More than 25% farmers adopted quality FYM by the end of project in command area.
- Use of cattle urine in crop production increased 25% in project area by 2011
- More than 500 farmer trained and aware in SSM technologies by 2011 in project command
VDCs.
- Area and production of vegetable increased by 20% in project area by 2011
Up-scaling Pathways
Technology generation and dissemination is a regular process in Nepal. But, the rate of uptake of technologies
is very low and becoming an issue among the researchers, extension workers and other stakeholders.
Considering this fact, the project aims at providing sustainable means to extend the outputs. The project tends
to deliver technologies to end-users applying various means of promotion pathways such as through farmer-to
farmer, extension workers and publications. For sustainability of the project outputs, sustainable soil
89
management technologies technologies will be scaled up through the channels between different stakeholders
such as vegetables producers, organic fertilizer distributors, terminal markets and storage owners.
The following are the proposed promotion pathways for the uptake of the project outputs:
1. Village level training for farmers with inclusion of small-scale, socially excluded (Dalit) resource poor
and women.
2. Experimentation in farmers’ field (with inclusion of small scale, socially excluded (Dalit) resource poor
and women).
3. Joint monitoring of experimental and demonstration plots by collaborator farmers, leader farmers and
consumers from adjoining VDCs; millers, seed traders and marketing agencies (local and district
levels), researchers (Selected project team members, representative from SSMP), extension workers
(ADOs, representatives from local INGOs who are working in agriculture sectors, CBOs), media
representatives and other line agencies.
4. Farmers' field day celebration
5. Preparation of training materials in Nepali (Brochures and Pamphlets).
6. Stakeholders' workshop (participants as in activity, representative from NARDF, RDA, NARC,).
7. Share ideas in RTWG and RECOM meetings.
8. Share ideas at various seminars and workshops.
9. Publicity through local and national newspapers.
10. Publicity through electronic media (TV, Radio Local FM etc.).
11. Participation of researchers in agricultural development committees meetings organized by DADOs and
local NGOs.
12. Participation of researchers in field visits programs and staff meetings organized by DADOs and NGOs
with the aim of disseminating the promising technology.
13. Frequent personal contact with stakeholders.
14. Participation of researchers in different activities organized by partner organizations.
Once the farmers were convinced from the beneficial effects of the technology and market linkage and
networking is established, it is not only sustained, but also disseminated from one place to another when the
project support is withdrawn.
Targeted Outputs:
Output.1 Effect of EM on quality FYM/compost production technologies demonstrated and scaled up
300 farmers applied EM in FYM (Purkot ,Bhanu, Chiti, Udipur and Bhotewadar VDCs of Tanahun and
Lamjung district) reflected in Project completion report, technical papers, and data records at the end of the
project. The mid-term verification can be done through annual report, working papers, trimester reports and
others.
Output.2 Farmers made urine collection tank and applied collected urine in FYM to improve FYM quality
100 farmers made urine collection tank and apply collected urine in FYM (in 5 VDCs of Tanahun and
Lamjung). Response of Urine soaked FYM compared with non soaked FYM in vegetables crops. Effect of
urine application on quality FYM/compost production technologies demonstrated. These entire indicators
verified through annual reports, Project completion report, and technical papers. The supporting documents
would be training report and other periodicals.
Output 3: Quality of FYM/compost improved covering with black polythene sheet
More than 275 farmers covered FYM/compost heap or pit (in 5 VDCs of Tanahun and Lamjung). Response of
covered FYM compared with non-covered FYM in vegetables crops.
Output 4: Technical skills and organizational capacity of farmers built up on SSM
• 300 farmers trained on use of EM to improve FYM/compost quality.
• 100 farmers trained on urine collection and quality FYM production.
• 200 farmers trained on cultivation of vegetables legumes in their cropping patterns.
90
Activities
1.1: Site selection and
farmers' group formation
1.2Verification and
demonstration of EM
technology
1.3 Construction of Urine
collection tanks and
demonstrate the effect on
FYM/compost quality
1.4 Effect of covering
FYM/compost with black
polythene sheet during
production on FYM
quality
1.5 Promotion of including
Vegetables legumes
2.1: On farm farmers
training on quality FYM
and low cost proven
technologies
2.2: Farmers' field day
celebration
2.3:Publicity for wider
dissemination
2.4:Organize village level
workshop for
familiarization of project
concept and outputs
2.5: Stakeholder
workshop
Progress status
Five VDCs/Site , farmers group and farmers were selected to
implement different activities.
Altogether 300 farmers of five VDCs (Bhanu, Purkot, Bhotewadar,
Udipur and Chiti) were applied EM in FYM. The demonstrations
were in newly release varieties of vegetables (Cauliflower or
cabbage or potato according to farmer choice).
Altogether 102 farmers were made urine collection tank and
applied collected urine in FYM in 5 VDCs of Tanahun and
Lamjung. Response of Urine soaked FYM is compare with non
soaked FYM in vegetables crops.
More than 300 farmers were selected and covered FYM/compost
heap or pit in 5 VDCs of Tanahun and Lamjung. Response of
covered FYM was compared with non-covered FYM in vegetables
crops.
For the verification and promotion vegetables legumes more than 20
diamond trails were conducted. Altogether 150 farmers received
the improved varieties of different legumes.
Training on IPNMS and IPM were organized at 5 sites of the
project. Altogether 288 farmers were participated in training. While
selecting the farmers, priority was given to women farmers, Dalit
and small, marginalized socially excluded farmers. The focus of the
training was concentrated on IPNMS and IPM on vegetables
farming.
One-day farmers’ field day celebration was organized in each
site/VDC where all the farmers including ADO or representative
from respective districts, field technicians from DADO at
respective sites, concerning organization were participated.
Altogether 272 farmers were participated in farmer's field day.
Leaflets (500), Booklets in Nepali (200) Project completion report
(50) and technical report and papers for workshop and seminars
was prepared in the second year of the project.
One-day village level workshop was organized in each site/ district
of project command area for familiarization of project concept.
Women farmers, dalit and janjati were encouraged to participate in
the workshop.
A one-day stockholder's workshop was organized to share the ideas
and experiences, and promote and disseminate project findings to
larger areas to bring larger impacts on organic coffee farming
technologies and sustainable soil management. 20-30 leader
farmers were invited from the districts. All the stakeholders, leader
farmers, researchers, ADOs, representatives from DOA, RDA,
vegetable entrepreneurs, NARC, and media personnel was
participated in the workshop.
Remarks
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
¾
Altogether300 farmers were applied EM in FYM to improve quality in 5 VDCs of Lamjung and
Tanahu. Farmers compared the quality F YM treated with EM and not treated (traditional) FYM in
91
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
92
vegetable crops. They preferred the response of EM treated FYM on vegetable crops. Nitrogen,
phosphorous and potassium content in EM treated FYM was found 1.80%, 0.36% and 2.0% against
1.40%, 0.34% and 1.6% respectively in FYM without EM (farmers' practice).
Altogether 102 farmers were made urine collection tank and start to apply collected urine in FYM in 5
VDCs of Tanahun and Lamjung. Response of Urine soaked FYM is compare with non soaked FYM in
vegetables crops. They preferred the response of urine soaked FYM on vegetables. Urine soaked FYM
was rich in nitrogen and potassium content. Urine application mixing with water or extract of
botanicals (Pati, Khiro, Ketuki and locally available) in the ratio of 1:4 after 10-12 days of collection
was found effective in vegetables.
300 farmers were selected and covered FYM/compost heap or pit in 5 VDCs of Tanahun and
Lamjung. Response of covered FYM was compared with non-covered FYM in vegetables crops. The
nutrient content of plastic covered FYM is higher than not covered FYM. Farmers also preferred this
easy to learn technology. It was found 1.65%, 0.40% and 2.4%(NPK) against 1.25%, 0.37% and 2.0%
respectively in FYM without covering (farmers' practice).
For the verification and promotion vegetables legumes 30 diamond trails as well as large plot
demonstration were conducted. Altogether 150 farmers were selected. Farmers preferred the
Chaumase bean and Bindyabasini Cowpea.
Training on IPNMS and IPM were organized at 5 sites of the project. At each site, 25-35 farmers were
participated in training. While selecting the farmers, priority was given to women farmers, Dalit and
small, marginalized socially excluded farmers. The focus of the training was concentrated on IPNMS
and IPM on vegetables farming.
One-day farmers’ field day celebration was organized in each site/VDC where all the farmers
including 300 farmers were selected and covered FYM/compost heap or pit in 5 VDCs of Tanahun
and Lamjung. Response of covered FYM was compared with non-covered FYM in vegetables crops
ADO or representative from respective districts, field technicians from DADO at respective sites,
concerning organization were participated
Leaflets (500) titled " Gothe Mal Sudhar,EM ra Mutra ko Prayog", Booklets(200) titled " Digo
Bhubesthapan Mukhi Tarkari Kheti" , Project completion report (50) and technical report and papers
for workshop and seminars was prepared in the second year of the project.
Village level workshop was organized in each site/ district of project command area for
familiarization of project concept. Women farmers, dalit and janjati were participated in the
workshop. The problem faced by farmers of project location was recorded.
Stakeholder's workshop was organized in Besisahar, Lanjung to share the ideas and experiences, and
promote and disseminate project findings to larger areas to bring larger impacts on organic coffee
farming technologies and sustainable soil management. 20-30 leader farmers were invited from the
districts. All the stakeholders, leader farmers, researchers, ADOs, representatives from DOA, RDA,
vegetable entrepreneurs, NARC, and media personnel was participated in the workshop. ADOs of
Lamjung and Tanahu district committed to further strengthen the SSM technologies in their respected
district.
Project Title:
Telephone:
Development of Agricultural Entrepreneurship among Rural
Youth for Self-employment in Nuwakot.
PP No.620/2008/09
Mr. Jagannath Adhikari
398 Chetana Marg, Tahachal, Kathmandu
977-1-4271867, 4273792
Fax:
Email:
[email protected]
Project No:
Address:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
xxx
DADO, Nuwakot and Khanikhola Agriculture Cooperative, Okharpauwa, Nuwakot
July 2009
End Date:
June 2012
NRs. 17,86,813
Okharpauwa and Kakani VDCs of Nuwakot District.
Background
Agriculture is the main source of livelihoods for about two-third of the economically active population and
contributes to about one-third to GDP in the recent years. Majority of the population are facing challenges and
threats posed by food insecurity, socio-economic insecurity and lack of livelihood earning options. During ten
years conflict period almost all youths of rural areas are affected. Thousands of youths from each district left
the country in search of employment to support their families. As a result the agricultural development
suffered badly and the land productivity reduced significantly. At this stage, the constitutional development is
one aspect of focus and the other is economic revolution. Generation of employment for rural youths by
adopting cooperative or community cared farming system has been one of the priorities of the government.
The transformation of smallholders from subsistence agriculture to small scale commercial agricultural
production of high value commodities, development of sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship and
marketing network is one of the main agendas of new government of Federal Republic of New Nepal.
This project has focused the youths, especially young women together with other members of their family to
generate and increase household income by commercial production of offseason vegetables and spices by
developing strong cooperative marketing network activities. The unemployed local youths had no or less
knowledge and technical skills in commercial agriculture. The traditional rice, maize and millet production
system is being replaced by more productive and highly valued offseason vegetable and spices production.
The sites are fertile with ideal climatic conditions for growing cash crops and other vegetation which can be
supplied to the residents in the valley throughout the year. The locations also have abundant supply of water
and electricity facility, and access to market connected to Kathmandu to sell produced produce.
The project beneficiaries and the whole communities are being empowered and developed their capacity in
producing and marketing of offseason vegetables. Besides these, women leadership has been developed, and
all farmers groups and cooperative are led by women. Among offseason vegetable crops, tomato (Shreejana
cultivar) production is very popular. 533 unemployed youths (420 stated in the OVI) started small scale
commercialization of agriculture, 310 youths (68% women) developed capacity and are linked with market
network, 20 local resource persons are developed and they are actively providing services to other famers.
In an average, each household have increased their annual income by Rs. 40,000, which is full employment of
one family member for six months of the year. In addition to this income, they are also consuming vegetable
fresh from the garden worth Rs.12000 at home. Out of 10 farmers groups with more than 250 beneficiary
farmers, 6 groups are registered at DADO, 4 groups are in registration process, one cooperative named
Khanikhola Small Farmers Agriculture Cooperative in Okharpauwa has been promoted and another
cooperative is in registration process.
Initial motivation process was long due to low or no education and financial hardship situation of the
beneficiaries. Risk factors were the diseases and pest in the vegetables, and weather. The project will
complete by the end of June. It is suggested to develop and implement the post project activities such as
exploring the opportunity on learning and sharing of experiences for up scaling and replication of the
program, documentation and publicity of learned experiences, linkage for credit facility, crop insurance with
Agriculture Development Bank, credit facility, risk management and climate change adaption.
93
Goal
Improve livelihood of subsistence farm families of rural areas by creating self-employment opportunities
Purpose
Create self-employment opportunity to the unemployed rural youths through the development of vegetable
and spice-based enterprises in the peri-urban areas of Kathmandu.
Objectives
1. Mobilize the rural youths of subsistence farm families into economic development by enterprise
development activities.
2. Transform the land from a current low to high productivity by producing highly valued vegetables,
spices and condiment crops (especially ginger and turmeric) by managing land properly.
3. Bridge a strong link between producer and consumer by developing marketing network facilities.
4. Develop a resource centre of high-value vegetables and spices in the area.
Beneficiaries
The program is targeted to the unemployed youths from resource poor marginalized families of the proposed
location. However, youths and women from disadvantaged ethnic Tamang and Dalit families within the
community were given opportunity to gain knowledge, technical skills and receive services from the project for
empowering them and actively participate in the project activities. 250 poorest families in the communities of
two VDCs were selected as project beneficiaries by conducting baseline/household survey. Capacity
development training was provided to all the beneficiary households. Priority was given on seasonal and
offseason vegetable and spices production as an income generation opportunity for the households. Likewise, the
project households developed as a professional cooperative farm resource centre for nursery management,
seedling distribution, production and storage of highly valued market demanded vegetables and spices.
This project developed a model suitable for transforming the subsistence agriculture to small scale
commercialization, where unemployed youths get an opportunity to convert their energy and skills in producing
highly priced agricultural commodity resulting to economic development. The coordinated cooperative
marketing network guarantees the market of the produced output. The cooperative marketing system has avoided
the hassle of middle men benefiting in between. The woman, children and all members of the households
involved in the program got opportunities for better nutrition and health facilities. Increased household income
motivated parents to invest on their children’s better education. The households have been empowered from the
project, especially from gained knowledge, technical skills and practices, and from increased income which has
contributed to improve the living standard of the household and then to the national economy.
Within the Project period,
• 240 households in the project areas are fully involved in the production of fresh vegetables and spices
• Farmers Groups (FGs) will be transformed into Cooperatives in the project areas, 2 cooperatives formed.
•
•
At least 50% of the beneficiary households have started commercial trading of fresh vegetables and spices.
At least 100 households from other areas of the project district found to demand for similar project intervention.
Up-scaling Pathways
1. Develop and implement the post project activities such as exploring the opportunity on learning and
sharing of experiences for upscaling and replication of the program.
2. Documentation and publicity of learned experiences, linkage for credit facility, crop insurance with
Agriculture Development Bank, credit facility, risk management and climate change adaption.
3. Replication of the model to other VDCs or districts by including in governments regular program and
other stakeholder’s program.
94
The project is in the third trimester of third year and will be ending from July, 2012. All the stated activities in
the proposal are implemented and results are achieved, except some final wrap up work for the resource persons
and preparation of final report. The key achievements of this project are: (i) 533 unemployed youths (OVI 420)
started small scale commercialization of agriculture, receiving average annual income of Rs 45000/hh (ii) 310
youths (68% women) developed capacity and are linked with market network (iii) Each household using 1-5
ropanis of land for cultivation of offseason vegetables commercially (iv) More than 300 HHs have demanded the
project (v) 12 Local resource person (LRP) are developed and other 10 LRPs are being developed. There was
higher involvement of young women and men in production and marketing of vegetables and spices value chain
and strong network between producers and traders is established, and planning and marketing committee has
been formed. Additional activities on forward and backward marketing linkages with appropriate stakeholders,
climate change adaptation, agriculture water use, health, nutrition and sanitation were implemented and
promoted. In this project, integrated solution approach is practiced to scale up agriculture productivity including
improved technology and agriculture innovation, reducing risk and vulnerability, agribusiness and environmental
sustainability.
Six farmers groups have been registered, four groups’ registration process is in progress. One cooperative with
165 members is promoted, has office, and growing actively. Another cooperative is in registration process. A
local level alliance has been formed between PWEDO, DADO, Khanikhola Small Farmers Agriculture
Cooperative and Sikni Youth Club of Okharpauwa for the access to technical support. The constraints were long
initial motivation process, financial hardship situation, diseases and pest and weather problem. Credit facility,
crop insurance, romotion of online sale of vegetables, fruits, spices, and replication and up-scaling of such model
to other areas would to empower the initiative.
Targeted Outputs
4. Expected number of beneficiaries fully involved in the production and marketing of fresh vegetables,
spices and condiments in the project areas.
5. Marketing linkages between the producers and traders established.
6. Level of self-employment and income of the youths in the project areas increased.
7. Process of transforming the groups of the vegetable and spices into Cooperative (s) initiated.
8. Youth groups will be self-empowered and develop their life discipline in contributing constructively for
the good of community and the country.
Activities
1.1 Baseline/bench mark survey
1.2 Organize the vegetable growers into small
homogenous groups, strengthen the existing groups
1.3 Organize appropriate orientation/ training on group
dynamics & technical Training
1.4 Delivery of technical inputs & supports
1.5 Farmers’ exchange field visits
2.1 Orient/train the groups on Cooperatives
2.2 Assist the groups in the process of establishing the
Cooperatives
2.3 Establish coordination between the project
beneficiaries & district/VDCs
3.1 Gross margin Analysis of Vegetables
3.2 Value Chain Analysis
3.3 Marketing arrangements (linkages) between
producers and the traders
Progress status
Completed
Completed
Remarks
Took longer
initially
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
In progress
Completed
Completed
Ongoing
95
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Market visits
Development of Local Resource Persons
Materials Supply
Effect / Impact Assessments
Dissemination workshop
Publication of leaflets and booklets
Final Report Preparation
Completed
In progress
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
In progress
1. Six farmers’ groups registered four in registration process, one women led cooperative promoted and other
one cooperative is in registration process.
2. Among all beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers, 68% are women and they are mostly group or
cooperative leaders and their decision making power have increased.
3. 533 unemployed youths started small scale commercialization of agriculture in at least 533 ropanis of land
and their average annual income increased by NRs. 45,000.
4. 325 households improved manuring process and using manure in the farm
5. 22 local resource persons including traders are developed.
6. Wide network between producers, traders and other technical and financial service providers established.
7. Integrated solution approach has been practiced for livelihood improvement and sustainability of the
project activities.
96
Project Title:
u|fld0f s[ifsx?sf s[lifhGo pTkfbgx?sf] ahf/;Dd kx'Fr j[l4sf nflu
s'lif jhf/sf] ;+hfn ljsf; .
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
621/2008/9
Rajendra Kadariya
Handighaun, Kathmandu-5
01-6912072, 9842751502
Start Date:
Project Cost:
District Agriculture Development Office, Pyuthan and Kalika
Development Centre, Pyuthan
July 2009
June 2012
End Date:
2,916,005.68
Pyuthan District
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
o; Ko"7fg lhNnfdf ljut s]lx jif{b]lv lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, bL3{sflng s[lif of]hgf ;xof]u sfo{s|d / lhNnf
l:yt cGo ljleGg ;xof]lu lgsfox?sf] ;s[otfdf s[ifsx?n] cfˆgf] s[lifhGo pTkfbgdf a[l4 ub}{ u}/x]sf 5g\ . ljut
rf/ jif{b]lv lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no dfk{mt bL3{sflng s'lif of]hgf ;xof]u sfo{s|d / ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]ifn] :yflgo
u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / s[ifs ;d'xx? dfk{mt ;+rfng u/]sf cfo cfh{gsf sfo{s|dx?n] s[lifhGo pTkfbgx?nfO{ lg/Gt/
a[l4 ub}{ nlu/x]sf] 5 . pTkfbgsf] a[l4;Fu} b]lvPsf] ahf/ JofjZyfkgsf] ;d:ofnfO{ s]xL dfqfdf ePklg ;xof]u k'–ofpg
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] cu'jfOdf bL3{sflng s[lif of]hgf ;xof]u sfo{s|d / :yflgo ;fe]mbf/L ;+:yfx? sflnsf
ljsf; s]Gb| / k"mnaf/L Plss[t u|fld0f ljsf; ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf lhNnfsf] Jofkfl/s s]Gb| jfUb'nfdf Ps s[lifhGo
;+sng tyf las|L s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ul/ ;+rfngdf NofOPsf] 5 .
ljut rf/ jif{af6 o; lhNnfdf s[lifhGo pTkfbg / ahf/ JofjZyfkgdf ;xof]u k'–ofpb} cfPsf] bL3{sflng s[lif of]hgf
;xof]u sfo{s|dsf] ;do cjwL oxL December 2008 af6 ;lsPsf]n] o; lhNnfsf] s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ JojlZyt ug{
s[lif ahf/ ;+hfnsf] ljsf; ug{ yk ;xof]usf] cfjZostf b]lvG5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] kxndf oxL jif{af6
sfo{s|d ;+rfng u/]sf] GTZ sf] PASRA (Poverty Alleviation at Selected Rural Area) sfo{s|dn] klg cfˆgf]
ks]6If]qx?df s[lifhGo ahf/ ljsf;sf] sfo{s|d NofPsf] 5 . pQm sfo{s|d;Fu ;fe]mbf/L ul/ o; lhNnfdf s[lifhGo ahf/
;+hfnsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgfx? /x]sf 5g\ . o;}ul/ ahf/ ljsf;sf] If]qdf ;+nUg e} s]xL ;kmntf kfO;s]sf
:yflgo u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{ o; k|Ztfjsf] csf]{ ;jn kIf /x]sf] 5 .
afUb'nfsf] s[lifhGo ;+sng tyf las|L s]Gb|af6 pT;flxt eP/ b]lj:yfg / a88fF8fsf s[ifsx?n] cfˆg} kxndf ;fgf]
:t/df ;+sng s]Gb|x? ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] pT;fxnfO{ ;xof]u ub}{ pQm :yfgx?df Jojl:yt ;+sng
s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf / pQm ;+sng s]Gb|x?nfO{ ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 u/fO{ JojlZyt ?kdf s[lif pkh ;+sng ;xsf/Lx?
:yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L :yflkt ;xsf/Lx?sf] lhNnf :t/Lo ;+hfn ljsf; ul/ s[ifsx?sf] pTkfbgnfO{ JojlZyt
ahf/ :yfkgf ug'{ o; sfo{s|dsf] pWo]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
lbuf] / k|efjsf/L s[lifhGo ahf/ ;+hfnsf] ljsf; ul/ k/Dk/fut lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLdf ;+nUg s[ifsx?nfO{ cfw'lgs
Jofj;fod'vL s'lif k|0ffnL tk{m pGd'v u/fO{ s'ifsx?sf] lhjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg' o; sfo{s|dsf' d'Vo nIf /x]sf] 5 .
sfo{s|dsf pB]Zox? lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ .
• s[ifsx?4f/f pTkflbt s[lifhGo pTkfbgx?sf] ahf/ ;'lglZrt ug'{ .
• s[lifhGo pTkfbgx?sf] ahf/ d"No lgwf{/0fdf :yflgo Jofkf/Lx?df /x]sf] Psflwsf/nfO{ cGTo ug'{ .
• :yflgo s[ifsx?sf] JojZyfklso Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug'{ .
• Jofj;flos s[lif k|0ffnL tk{m s'ifsx?nfO{ cfslif{t ug'{ .
• a]df};dL t/sf/L pTkfbgdf a[l4 ul/ s[ifsx?sf] cfo cfh{gdf a[l4 ug'{ .s[lif If]qdf Jofj;flostfsf] ljsf;
ul/ sfo{s|ddf ;+nUg s[ifsx?sf] cfo cfh{gdf a[l4 ug'{ .
97
Beneficiaries
o; sfo{s|daf6 ^)) 3/3'/Lsf s[ifsx? k|tIo ?kdf nfjflGjt x'g] 5g\ . $ j6f ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 ^)) ;b:ox? -!
;xsf/Ldf !%) ;b:o_ o; sfo{s|dsf k|tIo nfjflGjt dflgg] 5g\ . ;xsf/L lgdf{0fsf] z'?sf] r/0faf6 g} ;xsf/L
JofjZyfkgnfO{ slDtdf %)Ü dlxnf ;b:ox? clgjfo{ agfpg hfu?k u/fO{g] 5 . sfo{s|ddf clt ul/j, blnt /
hghfltx?sf] a9L ;xeflu u/fpg z]o/ d"No sd /fvL pQm ju{nfO{ ;xsf/Lsf] z]o/ vl/b ul/ ;xsf/L ;b:o aGg
pTk|]l/t ul/g] 5 .
k|ltkmn (Output) % sf] s[ifsx?sf] Jofj;flos Ifdtf ljsf; cGtu{t ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{s|ddf @%) hgf clt ul/a,
blnt / hghfltx? ;d]l6g] 5g\ . pQm @%) dWo] dlxnf ;xeflutf %) k|ltzt clgjfo{ ul/g] 5 . ks]t If]qsf clt
ul/a / xfn ;Dd s[lif If]qsf] nfe lngaf6 alGrt !@) eGbf al9 ;b:ox?nfO{ ;d]l6g] ul/ @) j6f Knfli6s kf]v/Lsf]
lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .
sfo{s|ddf k|tIo ?kdf ;+nUg ^)) ;b:ox?afx]s o; Ko"7fg lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ s[ifsx?sf nflu lhNnfsf ljleGg
:yfgx?df :yflkt s[lifhGo ;fdflu| ;+sng s]Gb|x? Pp6f /fd|f] cjz/sf] ?kdf /xg] 5g\ . ;a} ju{ / txsf s[ifsx?n]
pQm ;+sng s]Gb|x?n] >[hgf u/]sf cjz/x?nfO{ pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
o; sfo{s|dsf k|tIo nfjflGjtstf{ -k|tIo input kfpg] ju{_ blnt, hghflt, dlxnf / clt ul/j ;d'bfox? Dffq /xg]
5g\ . Knfli6s kf]v/L, s[lif ;+DjlGw tflndx?, s[lif cf}hf/ / ljpljhgx? k|tIo input cGtu{t kb{5g\ . oL s[lif
;fdfu|Lx? lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no4f/f t/sf/L ks]6 If]qsf] ?kdf tf]lsPsf lt/fd, dsf{afË, 9'+u]u9L / x+zk'/sf
5gf}6 ul/Psf s[ifsx?nfO{ dfq pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
sfo{s|dsf ljleGg glthf cg';f/ glthfx?sf ;'rsx? klg km/s km/s /x]sf 5g\ .
glthf ! M xfn Ko"7fgsf] afUb'nfdf Ps j6f s[lif ;+sng tyf lals| s]Gb| ;+rflnt 5 eg] a88f+8fdf lgdf{0f ePsf] csf]{
;+sng tyf lals| s]Gb| JojZyfkgsf] cefjdf ;+rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;}ul/ lhNnfsf c? @ :yfg b]lj:yfg /
dlR5df s[ifsx? cfk}mn] ;fgf] :t/df t/sf/Lx? ;+sng ul/ lals| ug]{ kxn ul//x]sf 5g\ . sfo{s|dsf] ;xof]u kZrftM
lhNnfdf @ j6f gofF ;+sng tyf lals| s]Gb|x? :yfkgf x'g]5 eg] :yfkgf ePsf @ j6f cem JojlZyt ?kdf ;+rflnt
ePsf x'g]5g\ .
glthf @ M s[lif pkh ;+sng tyf lals| s]Gb|x?nfO{ JojlZyt ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ / pQm s]Gb|x?df ;Dk"0f{ s[ifsx?sf]
kx'Fr a[l4 ug{ rf/ j6f g} ;+sng tyf lals| s]Gb|x?nfO{ s[lif ahf/ JojZyfkg ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 ul/g] 5 . rf/ ks]6
If]qx? -dlR5, afUb'nf, b]lj:yfg / a88f+8f_ sf ^)) eGbf a9L ;b:ox? oL ;xsf/Lx?sf z]o/ ;b:ox? /xg] 5g\ .
;xsf/Lsf] %)% eGbf a9L z]o/ dlxnf ;b:ox?sf nflu ljt/0f ug]{ JofjZyf ul/g] 5 . z]o/ d"Nodf sd ul/ clt
ul/a ju{sf] kx'Fr klg ;xsf/Ldf a[l4 ul/g] 5 .
glthf # M JojZyfkg kIf s'g} klg sfo{s|dsf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . plrt JojZyfkgsf] cefjdf ;+rfng x'g
g;s]sf] a88f+8f s[lifhGo ;+sng s]Gb| lhNnf leq}sf] Pp6f p4fx/0f xf] . To;}n] ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ ;kmn ?kdf ;+rfng ug{
JojZyfkg kIfnfO{ a9L dxTj lbO{Psf] 5 . o; cGtu{t $ j6} ;xsf/Lx?af6 slDtdf %) hgf s[ifsx?nfO{ ;xsf/L
JofjZyfkg tflnd k|bfg ul/g] 5 . ;xeflux? dWo] cfwf clgjfo{ dlxnf /xg] 5g\ . ljleGg k|sf/sf e|d0f / cg'ej
cfbfg k|bfgaf6 ;xsf/L ;+rfnsx?n] s[lif ;xsf/L ;+rfngsf cGo Jofjxfl/ s'/cx?klg hfGg] cjz/ k|fKt ug]{ 5g\ .
glthf $ M s[lif ;xsf/Lx?sf] ;+hfn ljsf; ug{ ;'rgfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . s[lif ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ lhNnf leq
/ lhNnf aflx/ /x]sf s[lif yf]s / v'b|f s]Gb|x?sf] ahf/ d"No yfxf kfpg / cfk"mn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ahf/ d"No cGo
7fpF;Dd k|;f/0f ug{ k|To]s ;xsf/Lx?df ;'rgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ul/g] 5 . $ j6f ;'rgf s]Gb|x? :yfkgf ug{ :yflgo
:t/df k|fKt ;+rf/ dfWodx?sf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 . o;}ul/ lhNnf leq /x]sf] s[lifhGo pTkfbgx?sf] ahf/ d"No ;xsf/Lx?sf] lhNnf :t/Lo ;+hfnn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd_ k|To]s lbg :yflgo FM x?af6 k|;f/0f ul/g] 5 .
glthf % M s[lif ;xsf/Lx?df lgoldt ?kdf s[lifhGo pTkfbgx?sf] cfk"lt{ ug{sf nflu ks]6 If]q leqsf blnt, hghflt,
dlxnf tyf clt ljkGg ju{sf @%) hgf s[ifsx?nfO{ Ifdtf clea[l4 tflnd k|bfg ul/g] 5 . @% hgfsf] !) j6f
;d'xnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] # lbg] of] tflnd s[ifsx?sf] ljifout cfjZostf cg';f/ k|bfg ul/g] 5 .
glthf ^ M ;xeflu s[ifsx?sf] pTkfbg / cfodf a[l4 ug{ glthf % df pNn]lvt @% j6f s[ifs ;d'xx?df @) j6f
Knfli6s kf]v/Lsf] lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 . @) j6f kf]v/Lx?af6 slDtdf klg !@) hgf s[ifsx?n] l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ 5g\ .
xfn aflif{s ?kdf ! j6f ;+sng s]Gb|df ;+slnt !*$ 6g t/sf/L a[l4 e} sfo{s|dsf] cGTo;Dddf $ j6f ;+sng
s]Gb|x?df aflif{s %)) 6g eGbf a9L ePsf] x'g]5 .
glthf & M sfo{s|dsf] ljrdf / cGTodf ul/ hDdf @ k6s hgn]vf kl/If0f ul/g] 5 . * j6f rf}dfl;s k|ltj]bg, @ j6f
jflif{s k|ltj]bg, ! j6f sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg, @) k|lt k|fljlws k|ltj]bg / ! j6f ;kmntfsf syfx? k|sflzt ul/g] 5
;fy} ! j6f >Job[io tof/ x'g] 5 .
98
Up-scaling Pathways
s[lifhGo ahf/ ljsf; sfo{s|dsf] klxnf] nfjflGet ju{ s[ifsx?g} x'g\ . ;+sng s]Gb|x? ;Dd s[ifsx?sf] kx'Fr k'Ugfn]
s[lifhGo pTkfbgx?sf] d'No lgwf{/0fdf middle man x?sf] e"ldsf Go"g x'g hfG5 / s[ifsx?n] cfˆgf] pTkfbgsf] plrt
d"No k|fKt ug]{ 5g\ . :yflgo ?kdf ahf/ ;+hfnx?sf] ljsf; g} g]kfndf lbuf] s[lif pTkfbgsf k|d'v cfwf/x? /xb} cfPsf
5g\ . sfo{s|dn] lhNnf leqsf laleGg ;+sng s]Gb|x?sf] JofjZyfklso Ifdtf ljsf; ul/ s]Gb| cfˆg} cfly{s / cGo
JojZyfklso kIfx?df ;jn x'g ;xof]u k'–ofpg] 5 . lbuf] ?kdf ;+sng tyf ahf/ s]Gb|x?sf] ;+rfng / s[lifhGo
pTkfbgx?sf] lg/Gt/ a[l4sf nflu sfo{s|dn] vertical -;xhstf{ b]lv s[ifsx? ;Dd_ / horizontal -s[ifs b]lv s[ifs
;Dd_ sf] promotion pathway nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dfg]sf] 5 .
lgDg cg';f/s uptake and promotion pathway 4f/f ;+sng s]Gb|x?sf] lbuf] ;+rfng ug]{ / sfo{s|dsf] k|ltkmn
nfjflGjt ju{ ;Dd k'–ofpg] of]hgf o; sfo{s|dsf] /x]sf] 5 .
9 ;+sng s]Gb|x? / :yflgo ;xhstf{ -lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, :yflgo u}=;=;=, lhNnf leq /x]sf bft[
lgsfo_ x? ljr ;dGjog ul/ sfo{s|dnfO{ yk lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;+rfng ub}{ n}hfg] .
9 sfo{s|dsf] JofjZyfklso ;xof]usf nflu :yflgo ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf / k|fljlws ;xof]usf] nflu lh=s[=la=sf=
;Dd s[ifsx?sf] kx'Fr a[l4 ug]{ .
9 lhNnf leq /x]sf] :yflgo Jofkfl/x? / lhNnf aflx/sf s[lif yf]s ahf/x?;Fu ;dGjo ul/ b'a} If]qx?df ;+sng
s]Gb|x?sf] kx'Fr a[l4 ug]{ .
9 s[ifsx?nfO{ lhNnf leq / aflx/ /x]sf cGo ;kmn s[lifhGo ;+sng s]Gb|x?sf] e|d0f u/fO{ cg'ejx?sf] cfbfg
k|bfg ug]{ .
9 sfo{s|dsf] yk k|rf/ k|;f/ / lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, :yflgo ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf /
;+sng s]Gb| ;+rfnsx?nfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg] .
9 sfo{s|dsf ;kmn k|ljlw / k|s[ofx?nfO{ k|sflzt ug]{ .
Targeted Outputs:
Output 1: s[lifhGo ;+sng s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf M
Output 2: s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf M
Output 3: ;xsf/Lx?sf] JofjZyfklso Ifdtfdf ljsf; M
Output 4: ;'rgf ;+oGqsf] ljsf; M
Output 5: s[ifsx?sf] Jofj;flos Ifdtfdf ljsf; M
Output 6 : s[ifsx?sf] pTkfbg / cfodf a[l4 M
Output 7 : hgn]vf kl/If0f, k|sfzg -documentation_ / sfo{s|d ;dfkg M
Activities
!=! lhNnf :tl/o sfo{s|d cled'lvs/0f uf]li6 M
!=@ nfjflGjt :tl/o sfo{s|d cled'lvs/0f uf]li6
!=# ;+sng s]Gb|x? :yfkgf
!=$ ;+sng s]Gb| JofjZyfkg tflnd
!=% ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;+rfng ;+DjlGw a}7sx?
@=! s[lif ;xsf/L ;DjlGw uf]li7
@=@ s[lif ;xsf/L u7g
@=# s[lif ;xsf/Lx?sf] lhNnf :tl/o ;+hfn lgdf{0f
@=$ ;+hfn lgdf{0f ;DjlGw a}7s
@=% s[lif ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xof]u
@=^ s[lif ;xsf/Lx? btf{
#=! clen]v JofjZyfkg tflnd
#=@ s[lif ahf/ cWoog e|d0f
Progress status
;DkGg ePsf]
;DkGg ePsf]
Psj6f lgdf{0f e} ;s]sf]
;DkGg ePsf]
& j6f a}7sx? ;DkGg ul/Psf]
;DkGg ul/;lsPsf]
;DkGg ul/;lsPsf]
;+hfn lgdf{0f e} sfo{ z'?
ul/;s]sf]
* j6f a}7sx? ;DkGg ul/Psf]
sfo{s|d ;DkGg ul/Psf]
$ j6f btf{ e} ;s]sf]
;DkGg ePsf]
;DkGg ul/;lsPsf]
Remarks
hDdf a}7s * j6f
hDdf a}7s * j6f
99
#=# ;xsf/L JofjZyfkg tflnd
#=$ n]vf JofjZyfkg tflnd
#=% ;xsf/L JofjZyfkg ;DjlGw a}7sx?
$=! ;'rgf ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf
;DkGg ePsf]
;DkGg ePsf]
& j6f a}7sx? ;DkGg ul/Psf]
$ :yfgdf ul/;lsPsf]
$=@ ahf/ d"Nosf] k|;f/0f
$=# ;'rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;+rfng ;+jlGw a}7s
;+rfng
%= a]df};dL t/sf/L pTkfbg tflnd
lgoldt k|;f/0f z'? e} ;s]sf]
^ j6f a}7sx? ;DkGg ul/Psf]
^=! s[ifsx?sf nflu s[lif ;fdflu|x?sf] ;xof]u
^=@ Knfl6s kf]v/Lx?sf] lgdf{0f
&=!_ ;fj{hlgs n]vf kl/If0f
&=@_ k|ltj]bgx? k|sfzg
&=#_ >Job[io k|sfzg
&=$_ sfo{s|d ;dfkg uf]li6
*=!_ sfo{s|dsf] ;+o"Qm cg'udg
% j6f s[ifs tflnd ;DkGg
ul/Psf]
!) j6f :k|]o/x? / ljpljhgx?
s[ifsx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf]
hiDdf !) s[ifs ;d'xx?df
@) j6f lgdf{0f e} ;s]sf]
! ;DkGg ePsf]
hDdf a}7s * j6f
hDdf a}7s * j6f
hDdf tflnd !)
j6f
;DkGg e} ;s]sf]
hDdf @) j6f
! sfo{s|dsf]
cGTodf ul/g]
& j6f rf}dfl;s k|ltj]bgx? / @
j6f jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/
ul/Psf]
;DkGg ePsf
sfo{s|dsf] cGTodf
sfo{s|dsf] cGTodf
sfo{s|dsf] cGTodf
¾ @) j6f Knfli6s kf]v/Lx?sf] lgdf{0f e} s[ifsx?n] t/sf/L pTkfbg z'? e};s]sf] .
¾ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no / :yflgo u}=;=;= x?sf] ;xof]udf ljleGg :fft :yfgdf s[ifsx?4f/f s[lif pkh
;+sng s]Gb|x? ;+rfng .
¾ 5 j6f s[lif pkh ;+sng s]Gb|x?sf] lhNnf :tl/o ;+hfn lgdf{0f e} 5nkmnsf] z'?jft ePsf] .
¾ @%) hgf s[ifsx?n] # lbg] s[lif tflnd k|fKt ul/;s]sf .
¾ :yflgo # j6} FM x?af6 lgoldt ?kdf ;+sng s]Gb|x?sf] d'No ;'rL k|;f/0f lgoldt ?kdf z'? ul/Psf] .
¾ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lh=l6=h]8=, ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]if, cfo cfh{sf nflu lzIff sfo{s|d, :yflgo
u}=;=;=x? / NARDF sf] ;+o"Qm kxndf s[lif pkh ;+sng s]Gb|x?sf] ef}lts ;'wf/df sfo{x? ;+rfng ePsf .
¾ s[lif ;xsf/L :yfkgf ;+jlGw $ lbg] tflnd @! hgfnfO{ k|bfg ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
¾ n]vf tyf clen]v JofjZyfkg tflnd ;DkGg ul/;lsPsf] .
¾ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] kxndf ljleGg ^ j6f s[lifhGo pTkfbg ;+sng s]Gb|x?, Ps j6f xf6ahf/ /
s[ifs k|ltlglwx? /x]sf] Ps !! ;b:oLo lhNnf :tl/o s[lif jhf/ ;+hfnsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .
¾ !) j6f s[ifs ;d'xx?n] :k|]o/ / ljleGg t/sf/Lsf ljpljhgx? k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
100
cfof]hgfsf] zLif{s
cfof]hgf g+=
cfof]hgf ;+of]hs
7]ufgf
6]lnkmf]g
Od]n
;xof]uL ;+:yf
cfof]hgf z'? ldlt
cfof]hgfsf] nfut
cfof]hgf :yn
æu'0f:t/Lo aLpsf] ;j{;'ne cfk"lt{sf nflu aLp a+}s sfo{qmdÆ slknj:t'
PP No. 622/2008/09
ljZj rGb| kf]v/]n
u|fld0f s[lif tyf kz' ljsf; ;+:yf–g]kfn -/f8f] g]kfn_
slknj:t' gu/kflnsf–%, slknj:t'
)&^ %^)^@%, (*$&)^@%#!
[email protected] , [email protected]
!_ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, slknj:t'
@_ n'lDjgL ;fdflhs ljsf; s]Gb|, slknj:t'
#_ If]qLo jLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf
$_ n'lDjgL jLp jLhg sDklg ln= e}/xjf
@)^^ >fj0f
cfof]hgf k"/f x'g] ck]lIft ldlt
cfof]hgfsf] hDdf nfut M– ? @*,%!,!#(=%
/f=s[=c=tyf lj=sf]ifsf] of]ubfg M– ? !(,((,**#
/f8f] g]kfnsf]] of]ubfg M– ? !,!%,)))
nlIft ;d'bfosf] of]ubfg M– ? %,*^,@%&
slknj:t' lhNnfsf uh]x8f, lglUnxjf / enjf8 uf=lj=;
@)^* k'if
Project background
slknj:t' lhNnf klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] k'0f{ ?kdf t/fO{ e'–efun] ;d]l6Psf] lhNnf xf] . o; lhNnfdf
hDdf && uf=lj=;= / ! gu/kflnsf 5g\ . o; lhNnfsf] d'Vo k]zf eg]sf] s[lif g} xf] . oxfFsf *% k|ltzt hg;+Vof s[lif
k]zfdf lge{/ ePsf] x'gfn] s[lifsf] ljsf; ljgf oxfFsf ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ x'g ;Sb}g . cGg
pTkfbgsf] b[li6«sf]0fn] slknj:t' lhNnf t/fO{s} cu|0fL :yfgdf k/] klg u'0f:t/Lo jLpsf] cefjn] ubf{ pTkfbsTj j9\g
;s]sf] lyPg .
uh]x8f, enjf8 tyf lgUnLxjf uf=lj=;= slknj:t' lhNnfsf] pQ/L e'–efudf kg]{ uf=lj=;=x? x'g\ . oxfF %^
k|ltzt hghflt yf?, !% k|ltzt blnt / @( k|ltzt cGosf] j;f]jf; /x]sf] 5 . hdLg x+'bf–x'b} klg u'0f:t/Lo jLpsf]
cefjn] ubf{ oL uf=lj=;=x?sf ;fy;fy} o; lhNnfsf cGo uf=lj=;=df ;d]t pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf sdL cfPsf]
lyof] . kxf8L lhNnf u'NdL, c3f{vfFrL, kfNkf tyf :ofËhf cflb h:tf lhNnfdf cgfhsf] lgof{t x'g] lhNnf slknj:t'
ePklg u'0f:t/Lo jLpsf] cefjn] ubf{ pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj sdL ePsf]n] dfu cg'?k vfBfGgsf] k'lt{ x'g ;s]sf]
lyPg . oxfFsf] df6f] pj{/ / l;+rfO{sf] k|of{Kt ;'ljwf ePtfklg k'/fg} z}nLsf] v]tL k|0ffnL, u'0f:t/lxg jLpsf] k|of]u cflb
sf/0fn] ubf{ pTkbgdf sl/j #)–$) k|ltzt lu/fj6 cfPsf] lyof] . o; lhNnf ;+u hf]l8Psf] l5d]sL lhNnf ?kGb]xLdf
jLp pTkfbg ug]{ y'k}{ sDkgL / ;d"xx? eP klg l;hgdf k|To]s jif{ u'0f:t/Lo jLpsf] cefj x'bf ef/taf6 jif]{gL
s/f]8f}sf] ?k}ofsf] jLp cfot x'g] ePsf]n] o; cfof]hgfnfO{ @)^^ ;fpg b]lv ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ctM o;
kl/of]hgfdf ;j{;'ne u'0f:tl/o jLp cfk'lt{sf] nflu nlIft ;d'bfosf v]t—jf/Ldf ;fd'lxs ;xeflutfdf jLp pTkfbg
u/LPsf] 5 / ;f] lapnfO{ ;fd'bflos jLp a}+sdf /flvPsf] 5 / ;f] a}ssf] /]vb]v / lapsf] ahf/ Jofj:yfkg slknj:t'
laha[l4 d'n ;ldlt 4f/f eO{/x]sf] 5 . lap pTkfbgsf] nflu ;|f]t lapsf] ?kdf d'n lap /fli6«o ds} jfnL / uxF' jfnL
cg';Gwfg sfof{s|d / o'lge;{n l;8 sDkgL x?n] pknJw u/fpb} cfPsf 5g\ . eg] v8f afnLsf] lgl/If0f / gd'gfsf]
ljZn]if0f If]lqo lap lahg k|of]uzfnf, e}/xjf4f/f lgoldt ?kdf eO{/x]sf] 5 . jLp j}+sjf6 vfBfGgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]
cGgn] klg jLp ;f6\g ;lsg] Jofj:yf ldnfO{Psf] 5 . o; jLp j}ssf] ;Dk"0f{ ;+rfng tyf Jofj:yfkgsf] lhDdf
slknj:t' lah a[l4 d'n ;ldltsf] /x]sf] 5 .
o; cfof]hgfn] slknj:t' lhNnfsf # j6f enjf8, uhx]8f / lgUnLxjf uf=lj=;=x?df aLp pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg]
;|f]t ;fwg ePsf / s[lif k]zfdf lge{/ /x]sf !%) hgf s[ifsx? o; kl/of]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . o; sfo{s|dsf]
k|d'v nIo eg]sf] vfBfGg -wfg, ux'F, ds}_ sf] u'0f:tl/o jLp cfk'lt{ 4f/f nlIft ;d'bfosf] cfocfh{g, /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/
/ vfB ;'/Iffdf j[l4 u/L u/LjL lgjf/0f ug]{ /x]sf] 5 o; If]qdf lelqg] ef/tLo u'0f:t/lxg jLpnfO{ k|lt:yfkg u/L oL
uf=lj=;= sf] ;fy} ;Dk'0f{ lhNnf e/L g} vfBfGg -wfg, u“x', ds}_ sf] u'0f:tl/o jLp cfk'lt{ 4f/f cfocfh{g, /f]huf/Lsf]
cj;/ / vfB ;'/Iffdf j[l4 u/L u/Llj lgjf/0f ug]{ nIosf ;fy of] kl/of]hgfsf] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
Project Goal
101
vfBfGg -wfg, u“x', ds}_ sf] u'0f:tl/o jLp cfk'lt{ 4f/f nlIft ;d'bfosf] cfocfh{g, /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ / vfB
;'/Iffdf j[l4 u/L u/LjL lgjf/0f ug]{ .
!_ vfBfGg - wfg, u“x', ds}_ sf] u'0f:tl/o jLp cfk'lt{ 4f/f / vfBfGgsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4 / /f]huf/Laf6
@=% jif{ leqdf &% k|ltzt nlIft ;d'bfosf] cfodf j[l4 ug]{ .
@_ ;:yfut Ifdtf j[l4 / ;xsf/Ljf6 ahf/ Joj:yfkg, cfof]hgfsf ls|ofsnfk tyf cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg / d'Nof+sgdf
;d]t n}lËs ;dfgtfdf ;fy{s ;'wf/ ug{] .
Beneficiaries
o; cfof]hgfn] slknj:t' lhNnfsf # j6f enjf8, uhx]8f / lgUnLxjf uf=lj=;=x?df aLp pTkfbg ug{sf]
nfuL ;|f]t ePsf / s[lif k]zfdf lge{/ /x]sf s[ifsx?nfO{ nfeflGjt ;d'bfosf ?kdf lnPsf] 5 . o; kl/of]hgfsf
ls|ofsnfkx?sf] sfo{Gjog ljz]if u/]]/ dlxnf ;d"x4f/f ;DkGg u/]sf]n] dlxnfx? of] kl/of]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .
o; cfof]hgfdf # uf=lj=;= cGtu{t ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L:t/jf6 u7g ePsf t/ ;]jf / ;'ljwf gkfO{ lglis|o ePsf
;d"xx?nfO{ klg ;xefuL u/fOPsf] 5 . dlxnfx?sf] x/]s If]qdf lg0f{o txdf k'¥ofpgsf] nflu o; cfof]hgfsf] th'{df,
sfo{Gjog, cg'udg, d'Nof+sg, cGo tflnd tyf uf]li7x?df klg dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{Psf] 5 . o;/L of]
cfof]hgfjf6 k|ToIf ?kdf # uf=lj=;=sf !%) 3/w'/L nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . o;sf] ;fy} u'0f:t/Lo aLpsf] ;j{;'ne
cfk"lt{sf4f/f ck|ToIf ?kdf %))) 3/w'l/ nfeflGjt eO{;s]sf 5g\ .
!_
@_
#_
kl/of]hgf cjlwdf !%) hgf s[ifsx?n] klxnf] jif{ !^##=*.– SjLG6n / bf];|f] jif{ #@^&=^ SjLG6n ul/ hDdf
$()!=$ SjLG6n vfBfGg jfnL - wfg, uxF' / ds} _ sf] jLp ljls| u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
!=!_ ^) hgf s[ifssf] wfgsf] jLp cfk'lt{ 4f/f klxnf] jif{ ?= $#$).– / bf];|f] jif{ ?= *^*).– sf] ul/ hDDff ?=
!#,)@).– k|lt kl/jf/ cltl/St cfDbfgL ePsf] x'g] 5 .
!=@_ ^) hgf s[ifsx?sf] ux'Fsf] jLp cfk'lt{ 4f/f klxnf] jif{ ?= ^,(().– / bf];|f] jif{ ?= !#,(*).– sf] ul/ hDDff ?=
@),(&).– k|lt kl/jf/ cltl/St cfDbfgL ePsf] x'g]5 .
!=#_ #) hgf s[ifsx?sf] ds}sf] jLp cfk'lt{ 4f/f klxnf] jif{ ?= @,#&).– / bf];|f] jif{ ?= $,&$).– sf] ul/ hDDff ?=
&,!!).– k|lt kl/jf/ cltl/St cfDbflg ePsf] x'g]5 .
jLp j}+s d'n ;ldltsf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng , %) k|ltzt dlxnf4f/f ;d'xdf jrt j[l4sf] ;fy;fy} jLp j}+s d'n
;ldlt / ;d'xsf] dxTjk'0f{ kb -cWoIf, sf]ifWoIf / ;lrj _ df nlIft ;d'bfosf Go"gtd Ps hgf ePsf] x'g]5 .
@=% jif{ leqdf !%) hgfn] $ lbgsf] vfBfGg jfnL -wfg, ux'F / ds}_ sf] jLp pTkfbg k|ljlw, /f]u ls/fsf]
Aofj:yfkg / kf]i6 xfe]{i6 k|ljlw ;DjlGw, !%) hgfn] ;d'x Jofj:yfkg tyf lxtsf]if kl/rfng ;DjlGw / ^))
hgfn] ljleGg cled'lvs/0f uf]li7, ;fj{hlgs ;fdflhs kl/If0f uf]li7, s[ifs lbj;, jLp j+}s d'n ;ldlt
Aofj:yfkg uf]li7, sfo{s|d x:tfGt/0f / ;xeflutfTds cg'udg / d'Nof+sg uf]li7df ;xeflu ePsf] x'g]5g\ .
Up-scaling Pathways
o; cfof]hgfsf k|ltkmn cGo ;d'bfodf cg';/0f, lj:tf/ / k|;f/ ug{sf] nflu cfof]hgfsf] z'?df g}
cled'lvs/0f uf]li7 u/L ;Dk'0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ cfof]hgfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbO{Psf] 5 . k|To]s rf}dfl;s k|flalws
k|ltj]bg ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?nfO{ pknAw u/fO{Psf] 5 . aflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bgsf] ;fj{hlgs/0f tyf cGo pknlAwsf]
;/f]sf/jfnfx? nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ k|ltkmnsf] cg';/0f tyf lj:tf/ ug{ ;fj{hlgs ;fdflhs kl/If0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}
cGo ;d'bfodf k|ltkmnsf] cg';/0f / lj:tf/ ug{sf] nflu s[ifs lbj;sf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf dfkm{t
klg k|ltkmnx?sf] Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf] 5 . slknj:t' aLh a[l4 d'n ;ldltn] klg ljleGg Pu|f]e]6 ;+u ;dGjog
ul/ ;fd'bflos lap a}+ssf] Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ ul//x]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} a'sn]6 / kDkn]6 k|sf;gaf6 klg pknlAwx?sf]
lj:tf/ tyf k|;f/ eO{/x]sf] 5 .
Targeted Outputs:
!_
102
kl/of]hgf cjlwdf !%) hgf s[ifsx?n] !@^ x]S6/df vfBfGg afnL -wfg, ux'F / ds}_sf] %)($ lSj6n k|dfl0ft
k|yd tyf bf];|f] k':tf / pGgt jLp pTkfbg ug]{ 5g\ .
!=!_
@_
#_
^) hgf s[ifsn] klxnf] jif{ !* x]S6/df %&^ lSj6n -k|yd k':tfsf] jLp / bf];|f] jif{ #^ x]S6/df !!%@
lSj6n bf];|f] k':tfsf] wfgsf] jLp pTkfbg ug]{ 5g\ .
^) hgf s[ifsx?n] klxnf] jif{ !* x]S6/df ^^^ lSj6n aLp pTkfbg u/L %*@=&% lSj6n wfgsf] /fwf $
hftsf] aLp lals| u/]sf 5g\ . @=@% x]S6/sf] aLp wfg sfl6 ;s] kl5 v]tdfg} kflgn] leh]sf] sf/0f
lgisf;g ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] z'?df wfgsf] pTkfbsTj #=@ d]=6g nIo u/]sf]df klxnf] jif{ #=&
d]=6g k|lt x]S6/ pTkfbsTj ePsf] 5 .
!=@_ ^) hgf s[ifsx?n] klxnf] jif{ !* x]S6/ If]qkmndf **@ lSj6n klxnf] k':tfsf] jLp / bf];|f] jif{ #^ x]S6/
If]qkmndf !&^$ lSj6n bf];|f] k':tfsf] ux'Fsf] jLp pTkfbg ug]{5g\ .
^) hgf s[ifsx?n] klxnf] jif{ !* x]S6/df %$) lSj6n aLp pTkfbg u/L %!) lSj6n lals| u/]sf 5g\ .
bf];|f] jif{ ^! hgf s[ifsx?4f/f #^=%# x]S6/df !)*%=() lSj6n aLp pTkfbg ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] jif{
kflgn] leh]sf] sf/0f ! x]S6/sf] / bf];|f] jif{ $=!^& x]S6/ If]qkmnsf] aLp lg:sf;g ul/Psf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] z'?df $=( 6g k|lt x]S6/ pTkfbsTjsf] k|:tfj u/]sf]df klxnf] jif{ #=! d]=6g / bf];|f] jif{ #=^
d]=6g pTkfbsTj /x]sf] 5 .
!=#_ #) hgf s[ifsx?n] klxnf] jif{ ^ x]S6/ If]qkmndf @#& lSj6n klxnf] k':tfsf] jLp / bf];|f] jif{ !@ x]S6/
If]qkmndf $&$ lSj6n pGgt ds}sf] jLp pTkfbg ug]{5g\ .
$$ hgf s[ifsx?n] klxnf] jif{ ^ x]S6/ () lSj6n dfq lap pTkfbg u/]sf 5g\ . ds} w]/} g} yf]t|f]
ePsf]n] lap of]Uo kl/df0fdf nIo eGbf cToflws sld cfPsf] lyof] . o; jif{ -cf=j=@)^&÷)^*_df ^!
hgf s[ifsx?n] !!=&# x]=df ds}sf] lap pTkfbg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
k|ToIf nlIft ;d'bfo4f/f pTkflbt vfBfGg jfnL -wfg, u“x' / ds}_ sf] u'0f:tl/o aLpsf] k|zf]wg, :t/Ls/0f tyf
jLpsf] u'0f:t/ kl/If0f tyf ahf/ Aofj:yfkg, jLp j}+s :yfkgf jLp a+}s d'n ;ldlt / k|:tfjs ;+:yfsf]
k|fljlws l6djf6 ePsf] x'g] . ;fy} ;d'xdf cfj4 ljz]if u/L dlxnf ;b:ox? ;xsfo{sf] efjgfn] jLh j[l4
sfo{s|ddf ;ls|o ?kdf ;xeflu ePsf] x'g]5g\ .
lap a}s ;+rfngsf] nflu slknj:t' lah j[l4 d'n ;ldtlt u7g tyf btf{ ePsf] 5 . ;ldltn] aLpsf] e08f/0f
ug]{ / a9L ePsf] aLp cGo ;d'bfodf vfBfFGg ;+u ;f6f;f6 ug]{ / aLpsf] lals| ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 .
lah j[l4 sfo{s|ddf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf pT;fxhgs /x]sf] 5 .
Ifdtf clej[l4 / ;+:yfut ljsf; x'g] 5 .
!%) hgf s[ifsn] $ lbgsf] vfBfGg jfnL - wfg, ux'+ / ds} _ sf] jLp pTkfbg k|ljlw, /f]u ls/fsf] Aofj:yfkg /
kf]i6 xfe]{i6 k|ljlw ;DjlGw, !%) hgfn] ;d'x Jofj:yfkg tyf lxtsf]if kl/rfng ;DjlGw tflnd lnO{ ;s]sf 5g\
;fy} $@* hgf s[ifs tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ljleGg uf]li7x? tyf ;xeflutfTds cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg k4ltdf
;xeflu ePsf 5g\ .
Activities
!=!_ d'n jLp4f/f jLh j[l4
!=!=@_ u“xs
' f] d'n jLp 4f/f
jLh j[l4
!=!=#_ ds}sf] d'n jLp 4f/f
jLh j[l4
!=!=!_ wfgsf] d'n jLp 4f/f
jLh j[l4
!=@_
lkmN8 lgl/If0f
!=#_
:k|]o/ ljt/0f
!=$_ dn ljt/0f
!=%_
h}ljs tyf /;folgs
Progress status
Remarks
@)^* a}zfvdf ;DkGg
klxnf] / bf];|f] jif{sf] nIo
cg';f/ aLh j[l4 eO;s]sf] .
klxnf] jif{sf] @)^& h]i7df ;DkGg / bf];|f] jif{sf]
@)^& kmfNu'g b]lv rfn' cj:yfdf
@)^& sflQsdf ;DkGg .
If]lqo lap lahg k|of]uzfnfaf6 k|To]s aflndf @
÷@ k6s ul/ s'n xfn ;Dd * k6s lkmN8
lgl/If0f eO{/x]sf] 5 .
@)^^ d+l;/ / @)^& sflQsdf ;kmntfk'j{s
;DkGg ePsf] .
;DkGg ePsf] .
bf];|f] jif{sf] of]hgf cg';f/
aLh j[l4 )^* h]i7 dlxgf
b]vL z'? x'g] .
cfof]hgf sfo{bn4f/f lgoldt
?kdf v8f afnL tyf uf]bfdsf]
lgl/If0f ePsf] 5 .
103
Activities
@=!_
Progress status
Remarks
ljiffbL ljt/0f
;DkGg ePsf] .
jLp j}s d'n ;ldlt
u7g
@)^^ sflQsdf u7g / @)^^ r}qdf btf{ ePsf]
.
@=@_
gd'gf ;+sng tyf
kl/If0f
@=#_ Koflsu -jf]/f tyf
6\ofluË_
@=$_ jf]/f l;nfpg] d]l;g
@=%_ t/fh' tyf 9s ;]6
ljt/0f
#=! tflnd
#=!=!_ jLp pTkfbg k|ljlw
;DjlGw tflnd
#=!=@_ ;d'x Aofj:yfkg
tflnd
#=@_ ljleGg uf]li7x?
#=@=!_ cled'lvs/0f uf]li7
#=@=@_ ;fj{hlgs ;fdflhs
kl/If0f
#=@=#_ jLp j}s Aofj:yfkg
uf]li7
#=@=$_ s[ifs lbj; - # k6s _
@)^& sflQs / @)^* a}zfvdf gd'gf ;+sng /
kl/If0f ePsf] / lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;+rfng x'g] .
@)^& a}zfvdf b]lv l;hg l;hgdf lg/Gt/
?kdf sfof{Gjog eO{/x]sf] .
@)^& a}zfvdf ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg
@)^& a}zfvdf ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg
#=@=%_ sfo{s|d x:tfGt/0f
@)^* , kf}if dlxgfdf ;DkGg x'g] .
lg/Gt/
@)^^ c;f]hdf ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg
@)^^ ebf}df ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg
@)^^ ;fpgdf ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg
k|yd jif{sf] @)^& c;f/df ;DkGg ePsf] / bf];|f]
jif{sf] @)^* c;f/ / k'ifdf x'g] 5 .
@)^^ c;f]hdf ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg
@)^& c;f/df / @)^& kmfNu'gdf ;DkGg ePsf]
/ cfufdL @)^* sflQsdf sfo{Gjog x'g]
#=@=^_ cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg
@)^^ kmfNu'gdf ;kmntfk'j{s ;DkGg
k|sfzg
k|ltj]bg
;dGjog
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf
;dod} btf{sf] nflu k]z ul/P
klg btf{ l9nf] x'g uPsf] xf] .
lg/Gt/
lg/Gt/
@ k6s gf8]{km af6 / k|To]s
rf}dfl;sdf cfof]hgf sfo{bn
/ ;+:yfsf] sfo{;ldlt af6
cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg
eO{/x]sf] .
a'sn]6 / kDkn]6 k|sf;g
ul/Psf]
k|To]s rf}dfl;s, jflif{s
cfly{s tyf k|fljlws k|ult
k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] .
cfjZostfg';f/
Achievements
¾
104
@)^* a}zfv ;Dd s'n @^!=!)* d]=6g aLp pTkfbg ePsf] / h;df @#^=*^% d]=6g= aLp of]Uo kl/df0f
ePsf] lyof] . xfn ;Dd !**=@&% d]=6g lap ahf/df lals| eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . h; dWo] %) 6g vfBfFg ;+u ;f6f
;f6 ePsf] lyof] eg] !#*=@&% d]=6g gubdf lals| ePsf] lyof] . lap lals| af6 s'n ? @@,$#,&@) cltl/Qm
cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . lap lals| af6 xfn ;Dd k|lt 3/w'/L ? !#^$) cltl/Qm cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . xfn lap
a}sdf $*%=() lSj6n u“x' l;hgdf lals| ljt/0f ug{sf] nfuL ;fd'bflos lap a}s uhx]8f, ;+sng s]Gb|
enjf8 / lglUnxjf uf=lj=; df :6f]/ u/L /flvPsf] 5 .
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
xfn ;Dd vfBfGg afnLsf] pGgt lap -wfg,ds} / uxF'_ n] slknj:t' lhNnfdf %^% x]=, c3f{vfrL lhNnfdf !@)
x]= / ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf !)) x]= ul/ s'n &*% x] df 9fs]sf] / xfn lap a}sdf ;+lrt / ahf/df lals|
eO{;s]sf] lapn] eljZodf slknj:t' lhNnfdf (&#=*# x]= / ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf &&% x]= ul/ s'n !&$*=*# x]
df 9fSg] 5 . o;/L o; cfof]hgfaf6 xfn -@)^* a}zfv_ ;Dddf s'n @%##=*# x]= If]qkmn 9fSg] pGgt lapsf]
pTkfbg ePsf] 5 .
slknj:t' lah j[l4 d'n ;ldltsf] kxndf xfn ;Dd !**=@&% d]=6g= u'0f:tl/o lapsf] ahf/ Jofj:yfkg
ePsf] 5 .
aLp ;f6f ;f6 sfo{s|d4f/f %$#=#) x]S6/ If]qkmnsf] nflu u'0f:t/Lo ds} / uxF'sf] aLp cfk'lt{ ePsf] 5 .
xfn ;Dd o; cfof]hgfaf6 pTkflbt %)^& 3/w'/Ln] lapsf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ .
enjf8, lglUnxjf / uhx]8f uf=lj=; df ds}sf] c?0f @ sf] !!=&# x]S6/df aLp pTkfbg eO{/x]sf] 5.
slknj:t' aLha[l4 d'n ;ldlt4f/f jLp j}+s :yfkgf / ;+rfng ePsf] 5 . dlxnf4f/f ;d'xdf jrt j[l4sf]
;fy;fy} jLp j}+s d'n ;ldlt / ;d'xsf] dxTjk'0f{ kb -cWoIf, sf]ifWoIf / ;lrj_ df ;d]t ;xeflutf /x]sf]
5 . ;du| ?kdf lap pTkfbg sfo{s|ddf %) k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .
!%)hgfn] $ lbgsf] vfBfGg jfnL -wfg, ux'F / ds}_ sf] jLp pTkfbg k|ljlw, /f]u ls/fsf] Aofj:yfkg / kf]i6
xfe]{i6 k|ljlw ;DjlGw, !%) hgfn] ;d'x Jofj:yfkg tyf lxtsf]if kl/rfng ;DjlGw / ;fy} $@* hgf s[ifs
tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ljleGg uf]li7x? / ;xeflutfTds d'Nofsg tyf d'Nof+sg k4ltdf ;xefO{ ePsf]n]
;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg / d'Nof+sg ug{ ;Ifd ePsf 5g\ .
u'0f:t/Lo aLp pTkfbg k|ljlw gfds k'l:tsf / ahf/ k|j{4g tyf lj:tf/sf] nflu kDkn]6 k|sf;g ePsf] 5 .
105
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices in Dairy
Industries “establishing one model milk chain” of each dairy
PP No.: 623/2008/09
Mr. Bikash Pandey
Teku, Kathmandu PO Box: 9489
4258455, 9841286541
01-4262146
Quality & Environnemental Management Service, (QEMS)
June-July-2009
Sept-Oct-2011
End Date:
NRs. 2347936.60
Lalitpur & Makawanpur District of Bagmati Zone
Project Summary
Project possesses the necessary competence and reliability to provide guidance on the operation and
implementation of GMP model in dairy industry to make a safe milk chain. On the other hand, the mentioned
project will develop GMP framework at milk chain for replication and implementation purpose to other milk
entrepreneurs. Likewise it is to recommend that the regulatory agencies can concise and incorporate the
unavoidable requirements for dairy business.
The main objective of the project GMP in milk chain is to decrease the non-compliance in milk production at
farmer level, collection and handling in chilling center or cooperatives and obviously in dairy. Decrease in
non compliance in milk chain means low milk rejection in milk chain. Decrease in rejection means increase in
production, which directly relates to income generation.
Project work covers the milk and milk chain of three selected dairy. Within milk chain beneficiaries are
farmer groups, CC or cooperative employee and dairy industry employee. It helps in to develop trained group
of people within focused dairy industries, chilling centre with respect to GMP implementation and sanitation
& hygiene program. Similarly, the associated farmer of respective CC will have sufficient basic level
knowledge for sanitation & Handling of milk, basic milk testing techniques at CC and farmer level. The
involvement beneficiaries within proposed projects, selected milk chain (Farmer, CC & dairy) directly
involvement in implementation, participation in training, interactions program. Their input, implementation
findings, number of people involve in dairy farming shall be milestone and replicable to other dairy industry.
As a whole 60 industrial employees, 150 farmer and chilling centre people will be trained during conduction
of proposed projects at two different districts (Lalitpur, Makawanpur, Similarly 15 local resource person are
developed for serving & sustainability of implemented GMP at farmer and CC level. Beside this 15 person
shall be trained for milk testing methodology.
To disseminate the basic GMP practices, 200 booklets and 500 leaflets shall be developed, which contains
milk safety GMP practices in diagrammatic representation for farmer level, CC and dairy level.
One National level and one district level seminar shall be conducted and include the audience as relevant
stake holder and relevant experts shall be guided the seminar on technical aspects.
The projects designed with the clear pathways for up scaling of the outputs. There is two tire (District level
and National Level) of seminar with participation of farmer, entrepreneur, concerned governmental
departments. In seminar project findings shall be floored at district level and recommendation and district
level findings shall be incorporated in National level seminar, which shall be made clear recommendations on
milk safety. Those recommendation may be reflects in forth coming plans from concerned departments. ToT
shall be established by proposed project. . It helps in technology transfer on basic GMP practices. Up-scaled
and strengthen knowledge of farmers, chilling centre people and industrial employee those who are in dairy
business.
106
Targeted Outputs:
1. Up-scaled and strengthen knowledge of farmers, chilling centre people and industrial employees
regarding Technology and methodology of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) by;
Baseline survey and information collection: This is applicable to industry, CC/ cooperatives and
farmer level separately. The criteria shall be established based on GMP requirement, focus on
infrastructure, resource, equipment & facilities (utilities) available. Likewise cleaning & sanitation,
training requirement, personal hygiene maintenance, and their validation practice also shall be taken into
consideration.
Farmer group selection is very important. Basic criteria for selection of farmer groups shall be based on
recommendation of selected dairy industry, where main criteria to be considered as volume of milk
received and involvement of farmers in milk supply business. After finalization of site, two relevant
experts will be involved in baseline survey. Survey inputs shall be incorporated in designated format
focus on milking animal health and treatment, animal hygiene, cleaning & sanitation of milking utensils,
use of water, storage of milk, personal hygiene, and means of transportation of milk to CC.
Training on GMP to Milk chain (farmer-cooperative/CC and Dairy industry employee)
The overall finding of the baseline survey was taken as the tool for the designing of training syllabus.
The core group of 7 experts from multidisciplinary field (Food Microbiology, Food Technology,
Veterinary Science, Food Safety experts) was assigned for designing the training syllabus and planning
of the training project. At farmers level training, number of farmers at a time shall be not be exceeded
20-25 and 2 man days by relevant expert (vetenary doctors, microbiologist, and food technologist). The
content of training shall be milking animal health and how they will treat the milking animal when they
get ill, animal hygiene, cleaning & sanitation of milking utensils, use of water, storage of milk, personal
hygiene, and transportation of milk to CC & environmental issues and simple rapid test of milk.
Likewise at cooperatives/CC, training shall be carried out covering the topics, cleaning & sanitation
practice, selection of sanitizer, operational control (time & temp), personal Hygiene and basic milk
safety testing procedure (clot on boiling test, methylene blue reduction time test for evaluation of
microbial load of raw milk, adulteration test on sodium bi carbonate, starch & glucose test).
Local Resource person developmental training
GMP practice and it’s sustainability at farmer level, local resource person shall be developed, where
local resource person shall be means of ToT and ToT packages shall be separately developed. Training
package shall be included, milk handling practice, areas on cross contamination, use of water and major
on milk testing procedure. Basic milk testing parameters shall be COB (clot on Boiling) which indicates
storage status of farmer milk, methylene blue reduction time test (indicator test of microbial load on raw
milk), sodium bicarbonate, starch and glucose test (adulteration test). Respective dairy of selected CC
shall be accountable for continuation of training at farmer level by using trained ToT, even after
completion of projects. And By the way the Testing Kits shall be provided for evaluate the milk quality
with respect to milk safety.
2. Three GMP Implemented Model Industries Leading to Food Safety
Required documents and records preparation for the three different dairy for GMP
GMP implementation must be guided by documents. Major document required for the implementation
of GMP are manual (what to do), standard operating procedure (how to do), work Instruction
(supporting documents of SOPs) & Inspection plan (where to monitor).
Code of practice for milk & milk products developed by DFTQC, GMP requirements, principle of
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point, ISO 22000:2005 shall be adopted for guideline during
preparation of all level documents. Beside this, findings of preliminary quality audit shall also be taken
into consideration for preparation of documents. Relevant expert (microbiologist, food technologist and
system auditor) shall be involved into documents preparation.
Likewise record keeping system shall be established. Record keeping system shall be two different type
i.e. mandatory record required by the system requirement and operational control records with
incorporating milk safety parameters within same records.
107
Implementation of GMP on three selected dairy
Implementation of GMP initiated with training. All these training contents are interlinked to fulfill the
requirement of GMP implementation, and finally establishment of resource and infrastructure with
respect to requirement of GMP start with commitment from top management of respective diaries.
Beside all these, implementation initiated from output of baseline survey at industry level by following
steps;
• Identification Microbiological (Coliform), chemical (adulterant) & Physical hazards (foreign object
visible by naked eye)
• Establishment of control measures (time & temperature control)
• Water supply checks and quality control (water use for production and cleaning & sanitation)
• Dairy premises &equipment cleaning and sanitation (cleaning & sanitation program, selection of
sanitizer)
• Personal hygiene maintenance program (Medical check up facility, health & hygiene)
• Rework controls (Returns milk handling for reprocessing or alternate use and their storage)
• Hold & release of products (criteria for holding and releasing of milk based on lab report)
• Product disposal (procedure for disposal of non compliance product)
• Product recall (recall procedure, if non compliance product release)
• Testing program (quality check against the microbial, chemical & physical hazards)
• Identification & traceability (Batch & type of identification & traceability procedure)
• Pest controls program (to avoid any type of biological hazards)
• Displaying of work instruction (help to operator for operation controls)
3.
108
Testing of milk sample before and during implementation of GMP system
Laboratory Testing of Milk samples before and after implementation of GMP (all level farmer,
cooperative and Industry level) shall be adopted to evaluate milk safety against the hazards (Microbial,
chemical and Physical). Sampling of milk sample shall be done as follows; sampling from farmer, from
cooperative and from market of each dairy
For all type of hazards, the likelihood of occurrence shall depend on the actual prevalence in raw milk,
its handling, storage & transportation. Mode of action introducing of hazards shall be evaluated based on
presence, contamination, growth and survival of hazards in milk chain. In case of microbiological
parameter Coliform (water is source of contamination), shall be included in lab testing.
Chemical parameter shall include adulterant test (sodium bi carbonate, starch, glucose test).
There shall be established of standard operating procedure for identification milk hazards at farmer level,
CC or cooperative level and Industry level, which shall be used as inputs when recommendations shall
be made.
Beside this, antibiotic residual test shall be done for three (from each milk chain) pooled samples, if
facility available in DFTQC laboratory.
Sampling method shall be representing three different climatic conditions (summer, rainy, winter) to
evaluate hazards and this applicable before and after implementation of GMP.
Internal Quality audit & Verification audit of implemented GMP system
This is also part of implementation. Conduction of internal audit always identifies the areas for
improvement. IQA shall be carried out by industry people themselves on behalf of relevant expert. This
is fact finding procedure for improvement. Facts shall be discussed with top management and shall be
arranged for implementation or fulfillment of GMP requirements within given time frame at IQA.
Verification audit shall be managed by QEMS. The audit shall be conducted by food safety auditor. The
auditor may be from DFTQC or any other independent person or both of them. Findings from
verification audit shall be taken as next steps for improvement.
Dissemination & Up-scaling of technical knowledge to other farmers, dairies and other related
stakeholders
Publish and dissemination of technical booklet and leaflet
Baseline survey feedback from farmer and CC shall be taken as input for development of technical
booklet and leaflet. Beside this, basic GMP practice shall also be included in technical booklets, leaflets.
The purpose of development of booklet and leaflet is to enhance the promotion pathways and
sustainability of system, there will be designed diagrammatic booklet containing milk safety issue like
best milking practice, transportation practice, operational controls, and sanitation & hygiene practice.
Booklet and leaflet shall be published in local language (Nepali) and easy to understand. The designing
of contents of booklet and leaflet shall be reviewed and approved by relevant expert.
Organize one National level & one district level seminar on GMP model milk chain to other
related stakeholders
Organizing national & district level seminar on findings of works for extension the findings to large
number of dairy producer and entrepreneurs with involvement all level policy maker stakeholders like
DFTQC, DLS, NDDB and CLDP.
In case of district level, local stakeholder shall be involved. This shall be carried out by presentation of
findings from proposed project, local expert views and local milk supplier (farmer representation), local
milk processors (CC or cooperatives) and dairy representation, where discussion shall be made on
issues, areas for improvement and problems on GMP implementation. Here next level of inputs or
findings shall be compiled.
Likewise, in National level the major agenda at National level conference to include real findings from
proposed projects &, outputs from district level seminar. Finally recommendations shall be made from
each activities, which shall help to identification of major areas for improvement from policy level at
resource availability, infrastructure development, technology transfer, enhancement of similar type
projects in relevant agro based industry by concern department of Nepal government.
Activities
Activity 1.1: Baseline survey and
information collection
Progress status
Completed
Activity 1.2: Training on Good
Manufacturing Practices to Milk
Chain (Farmers, cooperatives/Chilling Centre, Industrial
manpower)
Activity 1.3: Local resource person
development training (TOT)
Activity 2.1: Required documents
and records preparation for three
different dairy regarding GMP
(manuals, Standard Operating
Procedures including identification
and traceability, Work Instructions,
inspection plan, records, forms,
formats
Activity 2.2: Implementation of
GMP on three focused dairy
industries
completed
Remarks
Submission of first trimester report to
NARDF
End of Asoj-2066
Submission of second trimester report to
NARDF
Poush 2066
completed
Initiated from 1 st
week of Baishakh
Third trimester report preparation
26 to 28 Chaitra, 2066
Output 2: Three GMP Implemented
Model Industries Leading to Food
Safety
Baishak-Asar -2067-I
Shrawan-Asoj -2067-II
completed
completed
Output 2:
Hetauda Milk supply Scheme
(completed and rewarded with Food
safety Management System
(ISO22000:2005) by external
certification body (ICS-Mumbai)
Nepal Dairy and Rajdhani Dairy (Going
on)
109
completed
Activity 2.3: Testing of milk samples
before and during implementation of
GMP representing milk chain of
Nepal dairy, Rajhdhani Dairy &
HMSS
Activity 2.4: Verification and audit
of Implemented GMP system
Activity 3.1: Publish & dissimination
of technical booklets and leaflets
Activity 3.2: Organize one one
district level & national level seminar
on GMP model on Milk Chain to
other related stakeholders
completed
Baishak-Asar -2068
Yet to be Initiated
Shrawan-Asoj -2068
Output 2: Milk sampling has done and
tested NS-accreditated Lab. Result and
discussion shall be submitted coming
trimester report (before end of Fiscal
year 2067-2068
Output 3: Dissemination & Up-scaling
of technical knowledge to other farmers,
dairies and other related stakeholders
completed
Shrawan-Asoj -2068
ACHIEVEMENTS
Baseline survey and information collection
Finalization of major key areas of each level i.e. farmer group, Chilling centre or cooperative and industry
level, further efforts have been made to design the questionnaire in subjective format since it has been
considered to be more feasible to overcome the limitation of questionnaire presentation and cover all the GMP
requirements at all levels. All three level questionnaires have been presented in Nepali language with easy
interpretation.
Considering the impact of sample size, it has been decided to survey at least 10-12% of farmers. This sample
size is justifiable with respect to statistical quality control for selection sample size of farmer.
Three consecutive surveys were conducted over 90 farmers, 8 chilling centres/cooperatives and 3 dairies
(Nepal Dairy, Hetauda Milk Supply Scheme and Rajdhani Dairy)
Among farmers selected for the study, 76% were totally unaware of the measures to be adopted for the safe
and quality milk production. The level of practices on sanitation and hygiene was found to be poor in 90%
farmers. The farmers has practice store the evening milk for whole night because of not having milk receiving
facility in the evening.
The existing practices of handling and storage of the entire chilling centre (CC) / cooperative were found to be
similar. The infrastructure and facilities of all the selected chilling centres / cooperatives was found to be
inadequate. Out of eight chilling centre / cooperatives, two were lacking chilling facility. None of the centres
have adequate facility for milk testing.
All the three dairies were found to be committed to implement GMP in whole milk chain after establishment
of a model milk chain. The design and infrastructure all selected dairies have some areas for improvements at
design, facility and Human resources to meet the GMP requirements.
The overall findings of the baseline survey suggest the urgent need of technical training and advisory
assistance to the farmers and employee of CC and factory, to make them aware about the requirements for the
implementation of GMP. The training shall be designed and conducted taking consideration in to cultural
habits, existing level of awareness, practices and facilities, and the demand of the surveyed people.
Training on Good Manufacturing Practices to Milk Chain (Farmers, co-operatives/Chilling Centre,
Industrial manpower)
Most importantly considered evidences were the current practices like milking practice, preservation, cleaning
of milking utensils etc or habits, awareness level and the facilities among the farmers, their chilling centres/
cooperatives and the dairies.
Eighty one percent farmers of the model milk chains were found to be highly committed to implement the
knowledge on their own practices. But some of them showed the financial constraints like to purchase
110
appropriate storage as well transportation utensils, sanitizers, and to repair or reconstruct the traditionally
made barn to make more hygienic and cleanable.
Ninety five percent chilling centres/cooperative employees and 71 % of the farmer group were found to be
satisfied with the contents.
At the CC/Cooperatives level, 64% employee expressed the training very fruitful or as expected. They
realized their existing practices soon to be improved.
The heterogeneous group of trainee with respect to qualification and work experience, made difficulty to
design the training material and to make understandable the technical terminology
Local resource person development training (TOT)
The three days residential training (TOT) was conducted with an aim to develop the sufficient number of local
resources for all level of at least one model milk chain of proposed three dairy industries (Nepal Dairy,
HMSS, and Rajdhani Dairy).
The feedback, suggestions and recommendations obtained from the baseline survey and last trimester training
were widely considered while drafting the syllabus for the training.
The main four sections included in the training were: 1) Interaction among trainee and trainer regarding the
current practices and the likely solution 2) Hygienic milk production 3) Milk testing 4) Field visit.
The three days long residential training was conducted on 26-28 Chaitra , 2066 at Hotel Singapur, sundhara,
Kathmandu. Total participants were 19 from three industries representing one complete milk chain of each
dairy. Tests methods session carried out with demo as well as practical session for participant to build
confidence in handling of test kits, sample etc. and finally they were provided with kits for their use in their
own working place.
Note: Activity 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 were merged out of the keen interest of the CC and Dairy employees of
learning the milk testing methods. The kits were distributed to chilling centres instead of farmers. After huge
discussion among the project members and taking consideration in to the suggestion from Dairies, It was
concluded that distribution of the Kits to the CC may result more effective control of milk adulteration.)
Implementation of GMP on three focused dairy industries
Amongst selected dairies, Hetauda Milk supply scheme initiated for Food safety management system
certification (ISO22000:2005). The ful fledge system was implemented and internally verified and noncompliance was settled properly and it was also verified with third party food safety audit by independed
certification body and rewarded with certification.
Rajdhani Dairy was near about the completion of GMP implementation. Relevant documented was
completed. According to document, GMP requirements are implementing. Using of forms formats, Work
instruction displaying , trainings etc are completed. Facilitating for In house lab testing is under selltement.
Nepal Dairy has also same progress in implementation of GMP, though it has many basic infrasture and
resources available already. Alligned the all avaialble and resources and infrastructures as per requirements in
Nepal Dairy. Due to some employee (Reposnsible) turn over, progess was delayed but implementation shall
be completed within targeted time frame.
Testing of milk samples before and during implementation of GMP representing milk chain of Nepal
dairy, Rajhdhani Dairy & HMSS
From each milk chain representating all three dairies milk samples were collected, Farmers level (3 each), CC
(3 each) dairies (3 each) meand 27 different sample were collected and allow for lab testing. Selection of lab
was done- NS accreditated lab. where as adulterants and different microbial tested were carried out. Findings
(result) quite satisfactory with respect to adulterants i.e. no any adulterant were detected in any milk chain.
Where as microbial test (Coliform and Total plate count) was seem unsatisifactory. Where GMP practice shall
help to improved their practice to decrease the microbial hazards.
111
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Market Promotion of Large Cardamom Through Quality
Improvements
PP No 624/2008/09
Harischandra Chilwal
Environment Conservation and Development Forum,Taplejung
024-460464
024-460464
[email protected]
Horticulture Research Division, NARC, Khumaltar
District Agriculture Development Office, Taplejung
Cardamom Farmers Network , Taplejung
Taplejung Chamber of commerce and industry, Taplejung
1st August, 2009.
July 2012.
End Date:
NRs. 2521600 (NARDF contribution NRs 19,62,000)
Three VDCs (Hangdewa, Tiringe and Fungling VDCs) of
Taplejung district
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Taplejung ranks the first position for cardamom in terms of production area and production in Nepal. More
than 40 % households (HHs) have been involving in producing cardamom as their main cash crop. It is
estimated that Taplejung alone produces 2000 MT cardamom capsule from the area of 4000 hectare.
Cardamom is cultivated mostly in marginal land under the shade of Alnus Nepalensis as agro-forestry system.
The product is almost exported to India and earns 900 million rupees annually (TCCI, 2008). It clearly shows
that large cardamom is one of the important commercial agricultural products able to earn foreign exchange.
Large cardamom is found to be boon to hill farmers of eastern Nepal because of its social, economical and
environmental advantages. Large cardamom growers have not been receiving anticipated level of income
because of traditional system of pre and post-harvest processing and handling. Considering this problem, the
project titled "Market promotion of large cardamom through quality improvements" has planned for
technological interventions on improved farming techniques,
value addition- quality curing through
improving drying system, appropriate storage and packaging, establishment of new shortest marketing
channels, farmers empowerment and dissemination of collected information to all the stakeholders. For these
endeavors, mechanism of strong participation and collaboration of development agencies, farmers groups and
technical institution has been devised in participation with farmers’ groups.
Goal and Objectives:
The goal of the project is to contribute to poverty reduction of cardamom growers through quality
improvement of large cardamom. The primary objective is to increase per unit area farm income (by yield
increment and quality improvement) through large cardamom sale.
Beneficiaries
The primary beneficiaries of this project shall be the 350 small households of Large Cardamom Growers of
the three project VDCs of Taplejung district whereas multiplier effect could be observed at least in 3000 farm
families of the district and more in the region. The intermediate beneficiaries are large cardamom traders,
dryer manufactures, Carrier, agricultural workers and technicians. Ultra-poor are benefited through the rural
employment generation.
The aforementioned indicators could easily be traced down through quarterly progress report, project annual
report, annual report of the executing organization, technical reports in seminar and workshop, published
material and on the spot visits. Furthermore, this information could be triangulated with the publications of
the collaborating institutions and records of FNCCI/CCI. Additionally, newly formed and/or mobilized
cardamom growers groups, construction of improved dryers and capsules dried in the improved dryer could
be observed in the project implemented sites and district headquarters of Taplejung district.
112
Up-scaling Pathways
The project outputs are yet to be evaluated and many confirmatory tests to be carried out for up-scaling.
However, grading of cardamom has shown positive indication for up-scaling. Grading technique for value
addition can be promoted through orientation, training to farmers group and traders in order to increase
income by 2.5 % from the existing amount of product. A meeting between Cardamom Farmers Network
farmers and Trader shall be organized for mutual understanding in marketing of quality product.
Targeted Outputs:
By the end of the project, the project outputs were expected as;
• At least one socio-economically accepted improved cardamom dryers shall be promoted and at least
10 recommended improved smokeless dryers shall be replicated by farmers themselves by the end of
the project. The additional value of the cardamom shall be increased at least by 10% in comparison
with locally dried capsule.
• At least 15% of the total production of three working VDCs shall be dried in the improved dryers at
the end of the project.
• 350 small cardamom holders shall be organised into 32 farmers group and shall be capacitated on
quality improvement..
• At least one type of moisture impermeable sacks will be introduced in Taplejung district.
• The oil content of cardamom about 2% at present shall be increased to more than 2%.
• The project learning and experiences shall be shared to other stakeholders through workshop and
publications.
PROJECT STATUS REPORTS:
First Year
Activities
1.1 Socio-economical problems
associated with improved
smokeless dryer identified and
addressed.
1.2 Introduced Cardamom dryer
will be tested for fuel and
homogeneous drying efficiency
Progress status
Probing of problem on introduced
driers and local driers completed
Testing of two-drum Dryer, Gasifire Dryer with traditional/local
dryer as control for four replication
for fuel and homogeneous drying
efficiency has been completed.
1.4 Promotion of grading and tail
removing activities and feedback
of their socio-economic effect
Completed.
1.5 Low cost storage environment
and packaging materials
experiment
Study on low cost storage
environment with packaging
material on quality of cardamom
Remarks
Dryer specific socio-economical
problems identified by large
cardamom farmers. They have
also proposed for ammendment.
The participatory assessment
with farmers of introduced
dryers identified traditional
dryers as fuel and homogeneous
drying efficiency. However,
two-Drum Dryer gave visible
result on quality of cardamom
capsule in terms of colour and
taste because of its indirect
heating mechanism.
Two days training on grading
and tail removing skill
organized with practical for 25
farmers and traders. Grading
gave positive result i.e. increase
additional income by 315 for
each 40 kg dried cardamom
where as tail removing practices
increased cost of production by
NRs 23.per kg in Taplejung.
Most of the storage facility are
found of inferior quality. Both
farmers and traders found
113
completed in mid hills of
Taplejung and Birtamod in Terai.
exclusively used jute sack as
packaging material.
2.1 Desk studies of markets and
use of large cardamom in end
markets
Intensive desk studies of available
reports completed.
Report studied under the Technical
Cooperation Project tittled
“Advisory services on export
development of priority sectors of
Nepal” (NEP/A1/01A) carried out
by the International Trade Centre
UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) and the
Trade and Export Promotion
Centre (TEPC), and co-funded by
the European Union and ITC
through the Asia Trust Fund (ATF)
reviewed.
The report has showed major
markets, exporters and uses of
cardamom identified. This study
needs to be continued for the
second year.
3.1 Group formation,
strengthening and mobilization
Group formation acheived as set
target in the three program VDCs.
3.5 Publication and dissemination
of project brochure, reports
(Trimester report & Annual
Reports)
Periodic reports have been
submitted and extension materials
on Cardamom Production has been
developed and disseminated to
farmers.
291 HHs have been organized in
14 groups of which 111 (38 %)
are women.
The activity goes for three year.
Editing & revision is on-going.
Second year
Planned Activities
SN
Activities
Progress Status
1.3
Up-scaling of Improved
dryers
10 Improved dryers
distributed
1.4
Promotion of grading and
tail removing activities
and feedback of their
socio-economic effect.
Training completed.
1.5
Low
cost
environment
packaging
experiment
Study completed. Suitable
packaging
material
identified.
114
storage
and
materials
Remarks
Cardamom dryers to be distributed in the
first year was distributed in the second
year. 72 farmers of 10 cardamom farners
group benefited. 3.6 MT quality
cardamom produced
25 farmers participated in 2 days training
on tail removing and grading. The tail
removing process increased production
cost which could not be compensated
with offered market price. The quality of
cardamom affected with increasing
demand with competitive price. Farmers
took advantage from the unhealthy
competitive market by selling semiprocessed cardamom.
Poly ethylene found the best among the
packaging material for well dried
cardamom. Cardamom packaging in .
Poly ethylene bag or poly-laminated bag
saved weight loss saved by 50 % in
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.5
Desk studies of markets
and use of large cardamom
in end markets
Interactions
between
Growers
and
Whole
Sellers/Exporters
and
incense industry. .
Group strengthening and
mobilization
Preparation / publication
of
booklet on large
cardamom drying, storage
and marketing
comparison to Jute sack.
Traders and country of
identified.
Completed.
Completed.
Cardamom
producers,
local
and
regional
level
traders
participated.
Traders
agreed to offer 5 % more
for each value added
(smokeless processing, tail
removing and grading)
product.
On-going.
Trimester
reports,
compilation report and
annual reports prepared &
submitted.
exporting
Collective marketing in the form of
Auction Marketing could not be
organized due to different interest of
farmers and traders' vested interest.
357 HHs organized in 16 groups where
42 % are women .
Booklets for farmers finalized..
THIRD YEAR
Planned activities
SN
Activities
Progress Status
Remarks
Completed . 4 Improved
(2-drum) Driers
distributed to 4 farmers
groups of Hangdewa (2),
Fungling (1) and Tiringe
(1) VDCs. 26 farmers
benefited.
Cardamom Traders
Association Taplejung
agreed to offer NRs 10003000 more price for the
value added product (good
drying, grading and tail
removed product).
Completed. 20 Cardamom
groups formed as target.
14 improved driers has been
distributed to 14 farmers groups
to the end of the project period.
The oil content in the processed
product could not be improved
due to mass fungal infestation on
cardamom plant and capsule.
Premium price offered to quality
product did not encourage
farmers for mass production
since the production cost and
offered price could not covered
the investment due to high labor
cost in Taplejung..
417 HHs where 42 % are women
participation. Cardamom groups
are weak in organized marketing.
38 farmers participated in the
training. Farmers agreed to
supply 5 MT processed capsule
to regional traders for market
promotion.
This activity is planned in end of
july 2012
Booklets for farmers ready for
printing.
1.3
Up-scaling of Improved dryers
2.2
Interactions between Growers and
Whole Sellers/Exporters and
incense industry. .
3.1
Group strengthening and
mobilization
3.2
Farmer's training on processing,
grading and marketing (Value
Chain Development)
Completed.
3.4
National level workshop
Not completed
3.5
Preparation / publication of
booklet on large cardamom
drying, storage and marketing
Trimester reports,
compilation report and
annual reports prepared &
submitted.
115
1. Traditional Dryer identified as homogeneous drying and fuel efficient dryer as compared to other
introduced dryers. Despite of high risk of burning capsule with fire due to direct heating system, the
traditional dyer is found common because it is technically very simple and economically viable even for
the small holders. simple. However, cardamom processed in 2-drum dryers improved quality in term
color & smell could not influence local as well as export market price as anticipated. The price offered to
the value added product could even hardly recover investment made for various value addition functions.
Quality being the non-negotiable factor in the end market, fourteen 2-Drum Driers has been distributed
to 14 farmers groups to promote quality. 17.6 MT quality products produced and marketed. The volume
processed annually about 4. MT is still too low in supply chain to influence the market. The volume of
production decreased heavily due to severe infestation of cardamom plant with fungal disease
2. On-site study of storage environment showed that farmers and traders have found not much aware of
suitable storage environment so far. The existing storage environment and packaging material for large
cardamom found unsuitable to maintain quality. They are packaging cardamom commonly on moisture
permeable Jute-Sack because of its advantage to accommodating more quantity in storage and
transportation. But, the jute sack allows moisture loss that is ultimately weight loss. As traders and
farmers experience, the dry and cool storage facility keeps quality and quantity better for one year. Our
experiment showed that cardamom stored in jute sacks for 9 months recorded weight loss by 2-3 %
whereas in Poly-ethylene or poly-laminated sack recorded weight loss less than 1 %. Poly-laminated
Sack is recommended as most suitable packaging material for storing and marketing. Farmers and traders
have improved over traditional practice of storing and packaging cardamom. They have improved
existing store by upgrading floor and wall with planks to make storage environment dry. Some farmers
and traders have also changed packaging material from simple jute bag to poly-laminated bag.
3. Farmers used to sell cardamom without tail removing and grading. Both processing functions are
compulsory for improving quality and export market. Traders have graded cardamom into Big (JJ),
Medium (SD) and Small (Chalu) and make packaging of 1 kg, 2 kg 5 kg. 10 kg, 20 kg and 50 kg on polylaminated jute sack for exporting. Grading function alone increased additional income by 5.08 rupees to
each kilogram of cardamom but tail removing found cost in-effective to farmers and traders due to high
living cost in Taplejung compared to Birtamod in terai because the premium price offered by the traders
to the value added product could not give incentive to producers. Traders also did not differentiate
market price for value added and none value added product as the demand of cardamom increases.
Farmers discontinued value addition work.
4. Desk study report has shown that Taplejnug ranks in the first position in Nepal in terms of coverage and
production of large cardamom. It is also recorded that Nepal has been the top country followed by India
and Bhutan for exporting cardamom. More than 90 % of cardamom is exported to India and from India to
other country. Recently Nepal has exported to India, Pakistan, Singapore, UAE, Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Hong Kong, Canada, UK & USA .
5. Large cardamom has many applications for various purposes. It has been using in Mugalai cuisine for
preparing biriyani, pulavu and meat curry. The spices industry use for preparing garam masala. It is also
used for preparing Ayurvedic and Unani medicines. Cardamom is also used for flavouring sweets,
toffees, cakes, biscuits, pickles, milk, tea, soft-drinks, alcoholic drinks, tooth paste, etc. The bark and
traces of capsules are used as essence for dhoop.
6. Market linkage of farmers with regional level exporters ( Mr. Rosan Agrawal & Hari Mishra) developed
and quality product marketed through them. The Exporters have exporting product in two brand i.e.
Himal Brand & Siya Brand.
7. 417 households as against of the targeted 350 hhs organized into cardamom farmers . Farmers group and
their network emerged as an active entity in the district for promoting quality and increasing productivity
of cardamom. They have able to mobilize resources of District Development Committee in cardamom
development.
8. Booklets for farmers and traders has been developed and disseminated. It is in the process of printing
which will be submitted to NARDF soon.
116
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Collaborating
organizations:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Unnat Bangur Palaun Mahilako Rojgari Badhau (Increase income
and employment of women through improved pig raising)
625/2008/09
Madan Kumar Rai
Head office: Khotang Development Forum, Ratnapark, Diktel, Khotang
Branch: P.O Box 354 Lalitpur
Head office: 036-690141, 9841746555, 9743006441
Branch: 01-5570187, 9841746555
Head office: 036-420600, Branch: 01-5570187 (request)
[email protected]
District Livestock Service Office, Khotang
1 Srawan 2066
30 Ashad 2069
End Date:
Rs. 19,88,133
Arkhoule, Nunthala, Buipa, Nerpa, Chiuridada, Ratanchha, Temma,
Dadagaoun, Chhorumbu, Diktel, Bamrang, Khalle, Laphyang VDC of
Khotang district.
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Among 55 districts of middle hills of Nepal, Khotang comes as 3rd in pig population. Rais, Dalit and other
Janajatis who are majority in the district keep pig as essential livestock for traditional rituals as well as cash
income. Lack of a reliable resource centre for the production and supply of improved breed had been the main
constraint of pig farming in Khotang. Keeping this in view Khotang Development Forum (here in after KDF)
had proposed a project to NARDF during the year 2008/09.
Project Objective
This project was designed with the objective of establishing a district level and 10 village level resource
centres for improved breed production and supply of pig in Khotang district.
Project Beneficiaries
Women and pig farmers of Arkhoule, Buipa, Nunthala, Chiuridanda, Nerpa, Ratanchha, Temma, Dadagaon,
Chhorumbu, Chipring, Diktel, Bamrang, Laphyang and Khalle VDCs of Khotang district.
• District level Pig Resource Centre would have been established at Nahima Agriculture Resource
Centre of Khalle VDC-1, Khotang district.
• VDC level Pig Resource Centre would have been established in Arkhoule, Buipa, Nunthala,
Chiuridanda, Nerpa, Ratanchha, Temma, Dadagaon, Chhorumbu and Chipring VDCs of Khotang
district.
• 200 families would have been trained in improved pig raising in 14 VDCs of Khotang.
• Stories of successful improved pig raisers would have been aired through local FM radio and other
media.
Up scaling pathways
• Broadcasting information through local FM Radio stations about the district and VDC level pig
resource centres and availability of improved breed in the resource centres.
• Airing of successful stories of successful farmers through local FM radio stations.
• Sharing information with NGOs, government institutions, farmers groups etc about the resource
centres and availability of improved breeds.
• District level resource centre has been established with improved shed at Nahima Agriculture
Resource Centre, Khalle-1, Khotang district. Eight female and 1 male pig of Pakhribas Black breed
and 2 female and 1 male pig of Hempshire breed have been raised in the centre. All female pigs have
117
produced second generation of piglets and 40 piglets of first generation have been distributed to the
20 resource farmers of 10 VDCs and more than 60 piglets have been distributed to improved pig
raising farmers of Khotang. Two males have been providing services to the female pigs kept by
farmers around Khalle, Laphyang, Diktel and Bamrang VDC of Khotang. The performance of
Hempshire male is has not been satisfactory, therefore this will be replaced by other male. The
pedigree records are also being kept in the centre.
• Establishment of 10 VDC level pig resource centres have been completed in Khotang district. 20
women farmers two each from one VDC have been trained and provided with 2 female piglets. 10
women farmers have been given one each male piglet for male service of 10 VDC pig farmers. The
resource females have started producing piglets in all 10 VDCs and piglets are being distributed
within the district.
• 120 farmers have been trained from 8 VDCs in improved pig raising for meat production at the
farmers own villages. Distribution of improved piglets for trained farmers have been continued. So
far 80 piglets have been distributed.
• Records of the successful farmers are being collected. Pedigree records are being kept in the district
agriculture centre.
Targeted Outputs:
Output 1
: A district level improved piglet production and service resource centre established in Khalle
VDC of Khotang district.
Output 2
: 10 VDC level improved piglet production and service resource centre established in 10
VDCs of Khotang district.
Output 3 : 200 improved breed raising farmers trained and assisted for meat production in 14 VDCs of
Khotang district.
Output 4
: Success stories documented and aired through local FM stations and video film and leaflets
also prepared.
Activities undertaken
Activities
Activity status
Remarks
1.1 Establishment of district
• District
pig
resource
centre Delay in obtaining piglets due
level pig resource centre
established and well servicing where to time synchronization.
facilities such as 12 improved pig Growth was slow due to poor
sheds constructed at KDF centre for breed and local feed. 3
10 sows and 2 boars (8 sows of females of Pakhribas was
Pakhribas black, 2 sows of Hemshire replaced by local source due
and 2 boars one each of Pakhribas to poor quality breed received
from Tarahara. There was
black and Hempshire)
1.2 Pedigree record keeping
• Source of sows and boars are mostly delay also in implementation
in the district resource
from NARC Tarahara but 3 sows of due to Nepal Band and other
centre
Pakhribas black were replaced from problems.
among the local mixed breed.
• First litter piglets were born and
distributed to resource farmers of 10
VDCs. The second litter piglets have
been distributed to pig raisers for
meat.
Two males are providing services in
the local area of Khalle, Laphyang,
Diktel and Bamrang VDCs. The
Hempshire male is not performing
well, it will be replaced.
• The work of pedigree recording is
continuing in the centre
118
Activities
2.1 Establishment of VDC
resource centre in 10
VDCs.
2.2: Training of 20 resource
farmers for improved
piglet production
Activity status
• Establishment of 10 VDC level
resource centres have been
completed and production of
piglets of improved breed have
been going on in the resource
centres.
• 20 women farmers were trained
and provided with 35 improved
female pig of Pakhribas black 5 of
Hemshire breed and also 10 male
pig breeds (2 of Hemshire) also
were provided.
8 groups have been formed in 8 VDCs.
Remarks
Piglet production delayed in
the district centre due to delay
in obtaining the piglet from
NARC Tarahara centre and
also replacement of breed by
local source.
3.1 Formation of farmer
groups in 14 VDCs
3.2. Training of 200 farmers One hundred twenty farmers from 8
from 14 VDCs
groups have been trained.
4.1. Monitoring of farmers Monthly basis monitoring is conducted.
raising improved pigs and
producing piglets
4.2.
Documentation
and Materials have been collected for airing
distribution of successful and distribution.
stories of pig farmers
4.3. Sharing of project This will be done in 3rd year of the
experiences
with project
concerned agencies and
institutions
4.4.
Preparation
and Will be done at the end of the project
submission of final report
Achievements
• The project has started and moving in the right direction despite of many Nepal Band,
communication, and transportation, and poor breed problems. There have been delays in the early
stage but it may not take more than 6 moths extra to complete the project.
• Construction of 12 modern pig sheds has been completed at the district resource centre Khalle. All
pigs are being housed in the newly constructed sheds.
• Nine piglets were bought from National Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Tarahara centre out
of which three did not perform satisfactorily so all three were replace by the early stock raised at the
KDF Nahima centre Khalle. At this stage there are 10 sows (8 Pakhribas black and 2 Hempshire) and
2 boar one each-Pakhribas black and Hempshire making a total of 12 pigs in the district resource
centre. The pigs have produce first, second, third litter piglets and they have been distributed to the
resource farmers of 10 VDCs and pig meat producers of 14 VDCs. The district resource centre is
located in Khalle VDC-1 which is 2 kilometres away from the district headquarters Diktel Bazar.
• Formation of women groups in 10 VDCs have been completed for establishing VDC level improved
pig resource centre and 40 female piglets and 10 male piglets have been distributed to 20 farmers.
Out of 20 farmers 10 farmers raise 2 sows and 1 boar. The farmers were provided 50% subsidy on
piglets price.
• Training of 120 out of 200 farmers have been completed at their own VDCs. More training and
providing improved piglets will be done in the coming days.
• Pedigree recording of pigs is being done in the district resource centre. The centre is providing maize
based feed which is feasible and usual practice among the farmers of Khotang district. Due to this
feeding practice the growth of pigs has not been as it should have been if proper feed were provided.
119
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Collaborating
organisations:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Development of fisheries enterprises for livelihood
improvement of freed Kamaiyas and women along the
highway corridor in far western development region, Nepal
NARDF PP-626/2008/09
Mr. Jay Dev Bista
Agriculture Research Station (Fish), Pokhara,
P.O. Box 274, Kaski, Nepal,
Tel: (061): 560089, 462004,560825
061-560825
[email protected]
Fisheries Research Division (FRD), Godawari, Lalitpur
Agriculture Development Office (ADO), Kanchanpur
Agriculture Development Office (ADO), Kailali
District Development Committee (DDC), Kailali & Kanchanpur
Siddhanath Fisheries and Agriculture Farmer Group (SFAFG),
Daiji-1, Kanchanpur
September 2009
August 2011
End Date:
NRs: 19,89,500 only
Kanchanpur and Kailali district (VDCs in highway corridor
of Kailali and Kanchanpur District)
Project Summary
The aim of the project was poverty alleviation of Kamaiya and women of mid and far western development
region through involving them in fisheries enterprises developed in wetland and road side ditches along the
highway corridors of the region. Fisheries enterprises with extensive and semi-intensive technologies by
taking advantage of vast unemployed poor communities as social input and ideal natural aquatic resources
(wetlands) would contribute to food security and poverty alleviation of the society.
Community formation, capacity building through training, visit and interaction, and establishment and
operation of fisheries enterprise along the highway corridor were the major activities of the project. Direct
involvements of 300 households belong to the Kamaiya and rural women under 10 groups were a focus point
of this project. The overall output of the project was development of fisheries enterprises by involving freed
kamaiya and women, the weaker section of the society, for their livelihood enhancement, employment and
income generation. The project mainly focused on transfer/adoption of technology and sustainable supply of
fish seeds. Therefore, the projects facilitated the target community to establish fish seed production and
nursing facilities, deliver knowledge on fish seed production and linkage of value chain market to dispose
their final products, i.e. fish seed and marketable fish.
The project also developed uptake and scaling up pathways through the development of publicity materials of
model fisheries enterprise. The results of the project are highly relevant to NARDF for verification and
application in wider geographical regions of the country having similar socioeconomic and natural
environment to supplement the national goal of poverty reduction.
Background
Mid and far western development regions of Nepal are characterized by high level of poverty, low human
development, high gender disparity and low gender empowerment. Besides, caste-based social exclusion, high
maternal and infant mortality, illiteracy, subsistence agricultural economy, high dependency on natural
resources for livelihoods manifest the socio-economic, cultural and environmental complexions. The far and
mid western region are not only the least developed areas, but also the most neglected areas in the country’s
development efforts (UNESCO, 2006). Two Terai districts of Far West - Kailali and Kanchanpur have
notably high population growth rates with 3.89 per cent and 3.82 per cent respectively ((ISRC, 2008).
Economic growth of the region has not been improved substantially overtime. A significant proportion of the
population still lives below subsistence level and faces food scarcity. A significant number of freed kamaiyas
120
household (freed bonded labour) settled in the region. Base (1995) estimates the 44944 and 14609 freed
Kamaiyas out of the total 116309 lives in Kanchanpur and Kailali district, respectively. The freed kamaiya
settled in highway corridor of far western region, belonging to Tharu community, are deprived of social
status, land - resources and property. Women make up about 49.3% (0.66 million projected for 2009)
populations of Kailali and Kanchanpur districts (ISRC, 2008). At the community level, social and religious
norms and taboos continue to prevail and constrain the activities of women, especially in poor community, in
far western development region. The consequence is that the status of women in the region continues to be
low.
The region, although poor in terms of employment and income generation of poor community, is endowed
with rich natural resources such as wetland, marginal swampy lands and road side ditches in long stretch of
highway corridors. Wetland resources are abundant (60% of the Terai’s wetland) in mid and far western
region of Nepal (Bhandari, 1998). Corresponding to traditional knowledge and social characteristics, these
water resources could be better utilized in fish farming enterprises by involving freed kamaiyas and woman
group of the weaker community of the society. Most of the water resources in far western region are common
property resources and local government has rights to control over the resources. Several wetlands are
controlled by the users of community forest. Informal property rights (temporary ownership) over the water
resources to these kamaiyas and woman community for developing fisheries enterprise would ensure the
achievement of maintaining the resources, economic performance and the social needs. Hence, In order to
maintain natural and socioeconomic integrity it is high time to involve and encourage these weaker
communities in developing fisheries enterprise using common water resources which are more compatible to
the traditional practice of sharing nature's wealth among them. With the involvement of kamaiyas and woman
group in fish farming in ideal water resources lies in highway corridor of far western region would provide
job and income opportunity, enhance livelihood, ensure food security and sustainable economic welfare for
the most unprivileged section of the society.
Given the poverty-reduction focus in wetland ecosystem and highway corridor of far western region of the
country; the employment and income opportunity of rural poor have to be increased, and the availability and
quality of food produced in rural areas need to be enhanced; through increased access to the production
resources including ideal social capital, input supply, sustainable production methods, and efficient markets.
The purpose of this project was to contribute to the efforts on poverty alleviation of freed kamaiya and women
through the development of fisheries enterprises to achieve sustainable livelihoods, based on wetland and
other local resources. The project focused on capacity development and creating employment opportunities
through the development of fisheries enterprises for freed kamaiya, women, poor and individuals from
socially excluded groups in Terai of far western development region. Likewise, the strong emphasis was
given on conservation of wetland resources for sustainable utilization and contribution to the local economy.
This project was addressed the issues of poverty, income, unemployment, and food security, deprived,
socially excluded communities, women, marginal farmers inhabited in road corridors. Environmentally
friendly, simple and cost-effective fish farming technologies will be delivered to the targeted community to
develop fishery based agro-enterprise by utilizing, restoring, conserving and managing the waste going lakegholes, ditches and ecological niches of rice field.
The project developed fisheries enterprise in abundant wetlands and roadside ditches in far-western region of
Nepal by involving the freed kamaiya deprived of production resources and women of poor section of the
society in highway corridor to generate employment opportunities for increased income and enhancement of
rural livelihoods. Basic mechanism for self-sustainable seed supply has been internalized in the enterprises.
Under the proposed fisheries enterprise, activities like development of fishery in wetlands, intervention of
aquaculture technology in roadside ditches (seasonal water) and establishment of fish seed supply facilities
has been promoted through mobilization, capacity building and enhancing potential of traditional knowledge
of socially marginalized communities (freed kamaiya) and women in Terai of far western development
region. Emphasis was put on rehabilitation and conservation of environmentally deteriorating wetland
resources in the region for long term prospective of community utilization through the preparation of
biological and socio-economical database, empowerment of target community for resource ownership, and
121
development and implementation of conservation mechanism in participation with resource users. The project
effort also was included the activities such as several publication, audio program and fisheries enterprise
models to facilitate uptake and scale up of the community operated fisheries enterprise for employment and
income opportunities to the rural poor in similar environment of other parts of the country.
Beneficiaries
Direct beneficiaries from the project were more than 300 freed kamaiyas and women groups of poor section
of the society by developing fisheries enterprises in common wetland resources in highway corridor of far
western development region. They also felt the sense of ownership over the resources and enterprise and work
jointly for their social and economical welfare. Local government also benefited with the less social and
economic conflict because the weaker section of the society is in the process of securing livelihood strategy in
the form of fisheries enterprise. Fish breeders, nursery operators, and other stake holders in value chain
market were benefited with the increased fish seed and food fish supply in the market. Organization and
institutions, researcher and extension workers also equally benefited with the dissemination of fish farming
technologies and the essence of satisfaction while working with weaker section of the society. In general,
whole society has been benefited with the increased socio-economic prosperity.
Following were the OVIs for the proposed project:
• At least 10 fisheries enterprises developed with applying 3 fish farming technologies at the end of
project period by involving 300 Kamaiyas and women.
• At least 75% of the seed demand of fisheries enterprises under the project area fulfilled by internal
sources at the end of project period.
• At least 5 wetlands rehabilitated and strengthened for conservation and utilization at the end of
project period.
• At least 3 ways of publicity will be used to disseminate the technology in new sites.
Up-scaling Pathways
The technological packages and model of fisheries enterprise in road side seasonal water and natural wetlands
developed by the project would transfer using various media into suitable locations. The methodologies and
approaches practiced within the project have been documented in various forms for dissemination in similar
environment and communities of the country. During the project period pamphlet and booklet were published
for documentation of the project findings. The working paper also has been published in national proceedings
and efforts are continued to publish in international proceedings and journals for dissemination. By
dissemination of the experiences gained by the project stakeholder (NGO, GO and communities) working on
the area of fisheries development are expected to continue the technology and model for the sustainability of
the fisheries enterprise in other parts of the country. Besides these, broadcasting of programs aired in radio
and TV is expected to contribute on scaling up of the proposed methodological and development practices for
enhancing fisheries enterprise through sustainable manner throughout the country in near future. Vertical as
well as horizontal promotion pathways of the fisheries enterprise has further been broadened by elucidating
policies in recommendations made in project final report.
It is estimated that 60% of total wetland area are located at mid and far western development region. Most of
the wetland belongs to the local government. However, the wetlands are mostly unmanaged, and possess
various environmental issues for their sustainability. These wetlands need immediate conservations measures.
Recently, IUCN published a proposal on conservation strategy of wetlands proposing wetland should be
conserved and utilized through local community participation. Therefore, the demand for project activities
are high to conserve and utilize the waste going aquatic production resources lies in highway corridor of far
western development region by involving socially and economically fragile rural community, the freed
kamaiya and women, through the development of fisheries enterprise for the enhancement of rural
livelihoods, more specifically economic empowerment of kamaiya and women.
The project was expected to provide knowledge of sustainable use of resources to the target group, links
development service provider in the value chain of fisheries enterprise and build strong linkage among target
communities for the sustainability. It is expected that the project will increase at least 30% in income of at
122
least 30% of the rural poor, the kamaiya and the women, in highway corridor of the target districts of the
project than the present level.
Targeted Outputs:
Following are the main output achieved as targeted by the project:
1. Fisheries enterprises by involving Kamaiya and women in highway corridor developed
2. Self-sustainable fish seed supply mechanism and marketing established
3. Environmentally deteriorating unexploited wetland resources sustainability rehabilitated and
strengthened
4. Findings of the project publicized
Activities
Progress status
Remarks
1.1 Review of traditional
Corresponding to traditional knowledge and social Activity is
knowledge, skill, and
characteristics, these communities could be seen deeply completed
social importance of
busy in fishing activities with their traditional gears in
fisheries for kamaiya
wetlands along the highway in terai of far western
and women community
development region. These water resources could be better
utilized in fish farming enterprises by involving freed
kamaiyas and woman group of the weaker community of
the society. However, the fish catch outcomes are
inconsistent, seasonal and insignificant even to supply
family nutrition rather supplement to their livelihoods.
1.2 Group formation and
There are many freed kamaiya camps in Kanchanpur and Activity is
orientation homestead
Kailali districts of far western region, where some camps completed
fish farming
are settled near the wetlands like small lakes and water
logged ditches along the highway corridor. These water
bodies could be feasible resources for aquaculture. Many
Kamaiyas and Tharu ethnic community with some mixed
community were found in Kanchanpur and Kailali. Among
them few groups having water and pond/land resources
were selected for supporting by the project. The feasible
sites selected for implementing the program are; Daiji,
Suda and in Kanchanpur. Likewise Sadepani, Sukhad,
Darakh, Chaumala, Gauri Ganga, Chepkatla, Phulbari,
Dhangadhi.
1.4 Interaction among local
government, target
community and local
user group for resource
ownership
1.5 Training for suitable
small scale fish farming
and integrated agrofisheries
Interaction meetings were organized with public resource
stakeholders in participation with target kamaiya and
women member to informally award the wetland resources
and ditches for the targeted community. District
Development Committee (DDC, and its village level
government),
Municipality,
District
Agriculture
Development Offices, Forestry and District Road Office
were the major stakeholders participated in interaction
meetings with local targeted community. Meetings were
focused on strengthening of existing community operating
aquaculture/fishery activities in wetland and ditches
through improved technological intervention.
One-day on-the-spot training workshop for nearby and
similar interest groups included in Kailali and Kanchanpur
were organized. Participants were all together >150
members from different groups, delivered technological
Activity is
completed
Activity is
completed
123
1.6 Participatory response
studies to select
appropriate fish farming
model for optimizing
yield
1.7 Exposure visit to
successful model
projects for moral
boasting and stimulation
124
and managerial aspects of small-scale fish farming and
integrated agro-fisheries. Three-specific but demonstration
type practical training as following was designed for
different resource base communities:
A.
Aquaculture in seasonal water (ditches in road
side): Mainly common carp and grass carp with
some indigenous major carps (rohu, naini and
bhakur) were used in this purpose, which is a fast
grower and hardy fish, can be grown in tough
condition.
B.
Small-scale pond fish farming in wetland buffer
zone: Common carp, grass carp and other suitable
species used in nearby constructed ponds by the
project.
C.
Orientation on fish farming in natural wetland
(taal-ghol): Introduced cage culture and open
water fisheries of herbivorous and other carp
species.
Few sites were visited, observed and selected for small
scale aquaculture, fish farming in natural lakes and
aquaculture in seasonal ditches, for the model fish farming.
According to the proposal, at least 10 groups/sites
including 4 women groups have been selected for the
purpose. The choices of three models have been depended
upon the traditional knowledge and interest of target
community, and the local availability/affordability of
inputs required for the sustainable fish farming system. The
project managed stocking materials (fish seed, fishing nets,
partly feed and relevant technical supports). For these
purpose groups have been supported technically and
financially.
Participatory response studies were carried out at the
selected farmer’s/group’s ponds in Kanchanpur and Kailali
district. Mainly carp fish ( Common carp, Bighead carp,
Silver carp, Grass carp, Rohu, Naini, Bhakur) seeds were
managed and supplied to the selected fish farmers group
for stocking materials (fish seed, fishing nets, partly feed
and relevant technical supports). Technical and financial
supports were provided to the Mukta Kamaiya groups for
pond renovation, dike, outlet/inlet, depth of the pond
repaired. Plastic sheets were provided to the Gauriganga
mukta kamaiya sibir, in Kailali district for pond renovation
and spreading in 25 cm depth of the fish pond for control
water leaching problem. The production and productivity
along with simple cost-benefit will be assessed for each
model in reference to management easiness and system
internalization by the community.
Exposure visit of fisheries farmers groups were involved in
different location of fish culture activities. The major
objectives were organized by the project to enhance the
knowledge of associated targeted communities. In the visits
were organized and selected the fish farmers from
Activity is
completed
Activity is
completed.
1.8 Workshop/interaction on
different aspect of fish
culture and wetland
conservation and use
through communities
2.2 Linkage of nursing
facility and community
fish growers
Kanchanpur and Kailali district in areas where
community/cooperative operated successful aquaculture
enterprise already exists in Terai of far western
development region. The total number of participant from
12 groups were 20 fish leader farmers including more than
50% women participants were visited inter-farmers pond
fish ponds and natural ghols of Kailali and Kanchanpur
district. This exposure viested program was organized in
this trimester.
A Workshop entitled "Conservation and Sustainable Use of
Wetlands Resources for Livelihoods" was organized. Total
five (5) papers were presented on review and future
perspectives specifically regarding the wetland's
importance and present status, effort of fisheries activities
through community on wetlands utilization and future need
for sustainable use with involvement of nearby deprived
communities, mukta kamaiyas, and womenn groups.
Altogether 47 participants from related target/women
groups (17 fisheries entrepreneurs groups) of the project
area and relevant stakeholders such as District Agriculture
Development Offices, Kailali and Kanchanpur, Regional
Irriation Directorate, District Forest Office, Fisheries
Research Centre, Pokhara, Fisheries Development Centre,
Geta, Dhangadhi Municipality, Agriculture Development
Bank, Helvetas, Dhangadhi, Ghodaghodi Munch were
participated in the workshop. The workshop recommended
enabling farmers to understand the performance of each
group, managerial strategy for conservation and best
utilization of the available/limited local resources in
fisheries enterprise for generating income and self
employment of the community.
A meeting of the officers/staff from Fisheries Research
Centre and the fish nursery operators was organized.
Meeting decided to make linkage with the groups who have
demand of fish seed and reviewed the present status of
nurseries. Two key persons from each group were selected
to make a network within the fish nursery operators and
coordinate with other resource centres. The groups selected
for fish nursing were Janasewa fisheries women group of
Budiya tal at Sadepani and Janajyoti fisheries group,
Dhangadhi Municipality-6, Kailali and Shiddhanath Agri
and Fisheries Group, Daiji and Chaudhary Fish Nursery,
Suda VDC in Kanchanpur district. The group's
representative participated in seed management meetings
were given responsibility for nursery management and
distribution of fry to the other groups in surroundings. The
key persons (fish seed care-taker) from each group would
be responsible for timely arrangement of required number
and species of fish fingerlings to their respective groups
and timely manage the required hatchling from FDC or
other resource centre.
Activity is
completed
Activity is
completed
125
2.3 Training for seed
One-day on-the-spot training were organized on fish seed
production technology of production and nursing methods. One day training was
suitable fish species
organized to the Siddhanath fish farmers Daiji,
Kanchanpur. In this training 31 farmers are participated
both man and woman. Similarly same training was
arranged to the Kailai district fisher farmers which as 25
number of Janasewa Woman Farmers Group of Budhiya
Tal, 23 number of Chandravijuwa fish farmers group of
Chandravijuwa tal and 35 number of Simrauwa fish
farmers group of Simrauwa tal. The training was cover
management of nursery ponds, stocking density, feeding
management, water exchange and basic water quality,
health care of baby fish, and harvesting and safe
transportation of fish seed. Special focus will be
concentrated on the problem encountered during nursery
operation by the fish farmers.
2.4 Market channeling for
Market channeling of the fish seed and table fish
fish seed and table fish
production were coordinate in close cooperation with
farmers group and fish dealers in Kailali and Kanchanpur
district.
3.1 Literature review on
There is a high level of rural poverty in mid and far western
socio-economics of
region including low performance of the agricultural sector,
wetland dependents
high population growth, low mass literacy (about 28%),
and inadequate efforts to utilize natural resources. Protein
Energy malnutrition (PEM) is a chronic problem in the
region. Women are frequently found to lack Vitamin A,
iron, iodine and protein in their diet (IDRC, 2003). There is
a lack of explicit policy and program formulation to reduce
gender disparities. Livelihoods strategies of Freed kamaiya
(bonded labour) are rather poor as they are deprived of any
kind of production resources (land, job etc.). Freed
kamaiyas, dalits and weaker section of other community
are those having highest unemployment problems relative
to other elite community of the society in far western
development region. Freed kamaiya, most of them belongs
to tharu community, posses traditional knowledge of
fishing and to some extent fish farming. Resembling to the
nature of poor community and their traditional skill, there
are vast natural resources in the form of wetlands, ghols
and ditches along the highway corridor lies ideal in terai of
far western development region and high demand for
adhering local poor community into these ideal production
resources for enhancing employment and income to
improve the livelihoods of these weaker groups through
developing fisheries enterprise.
3.2 Training/ workshop on
One-day aquatic resource management training/workshop)
importance of wetland
was organized for the respective communities (wetland
(Taal, Ghol) their
based groups). The training was delivered to develop a
conservation and wise
concept and skill about fisheries/aquaculture by utilizing,
use
restoring, conserving and managing the unused lake-ghole
resources to the targeted community without impairing the
biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem. Seven-member from
126
Activity is
completed.
Activity is
completed.
Activity is
completed.
Activity is
completed.
five wetland depended groups (total 35 people, comprised
of 50% women) were participated in the training.
3.3Environmental and
biological study of
wetlands and
recommendation for
improvement
Many lakes are unmanaged, flood problem due to no
permanent/strong dam with screens and invaded with
unwanted weeds such as water hyacinth and Besram (a
plant by local name). Problems of these resources could be
solved and be utilized by aquaculture with simple
improvement and maintenance. Water quality and aquatic
biodiversity also was studied during this trimester.
3.4 Development of
Many wetlands in western terai have problems on
conservation
conservation and sustainable use, due to ignorance in local
mechanism of wetland
community's participation. Some technological models of
and surrounding
fisheries management in wetlands were developed.
biodiversity
However, they have to face a set of basic issues such as
technical, biological, social and economic questions that
are critical to the outcome of the program. These
management issues were addressed by correlating the
outcomes of the review, survey and interaction/workshops
participated by stakeholders and local communities
(activities 1.8, 3.1 and 3.2). Environment friendly
community based conservation mechanism for wetland
management were developed including major components
such as user's community responsibility for perceiving and
implementation of the guidelines, fishing gear regulation,
protection of spawning ground during breeding season of
native species and exploring culture based fisheries without
impairing wetland environmental integrity. Local
communities are more responsible in conservation and wise
use concept. So, the communities were made aware and
educated to follow the rule, regulations, and code of
conducts.
4.1 Preparation of brochure, A leaf-let on Tal, Ghol, Pond cum cage culture etc which
pamphlet, poster on
can be used for rural community specially in flooded areas
different aspects of fish
of wetlands and road side ditches, and conservation
farming in local language mechanism of wetland were developed through the project
for enhancing awareness and scaling up of the fisheries
enterprise model in the country.
4.2 Local language radio
Importance of Tal, Ghol, wetlands for livelihood
program on fish farming improvement through fisheries enterprise as means for
activities
income generation of the rural poor was publicized on-airvisual media.
4.3 Final report of the project Final report was submitted compiling all the achievements
of the project.
Activity is
completed
Activity is
completed
Activity is
completed
Activity is
completed
Activity is
completed
Following technologies were developed by the research projects:
1. Pond cum cage fish culture technology: With completion of the project a pond cum cage fish
culture technology was developed for flood plain area. This technology would be solved the present
problem of flood plain area, where fish/fingerlings can be grown in the cages during rainy/flood
season and it would be release in open pond in normal season. Mainly common carp and grass carp
127
with some indigenous major carps (rohu, naini and bhakur) were used in this purpose. Fast grower
and hardy fish can be grown in tough condition.
2.
Seasonal pond aquaculture in taal, ghol resources: Many taal and ghols are seasonal in far west,
where water is filled during rainy/summer season and dries from late winter until spring. These water
bodies refilled when the rainy season starts. Large size fingerlings are stocked when water filled up
the taal and ghols and harvest take place before drying up. Common carp, grass carp and other
suitable species can be used in nearby constructed ponds by the project, which is known as smallscale pond fish farming in wetland buffer zone.
3.
Utilization of natural taal, ghol for fish production through community participation: Some of
the taal and ghol wetlands are perennial, which do not dry during spring or dry season too. Many
wetlands are handed over to outer personnel as contractors/party other than local people/group to use
it. Although these many taal ghols are rich in water resources, these wetlands were not utilized
properly and some found mismanaged. The project assisted to the local deprived community such as
mukta kamaiya, tharu and women the weaker section of the society. Few wetlands were utilized with
conservation in a participatory approach with local community and women group and introduced
cage culture and open water fisheries of herbivorous and other carp species.
Community based fish nursery management: The fish nursery farmer/groups ( in Kailali and
Kanchanpur district) based on potential resources (land and water) were developed as integrated fish
seed nursery with fisheries enterprise. Two new nursery ponds with a size of 200 m2 for the nursery
group were constructed for self substantiated supply of fish seed.
4.
128
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
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bf]nvf–l;++u6L–nfdfau/ ;8s ;':kf IfdfjtL v08 bfofF jfofFsf] If]qnfO{ hDdf % pkIf]qdf ljefhg u/L s[ifs tflnd
tyf cg'lzIf0f, :ynut cjnf]sg e|d0f, gZn ;'wf/ tyf s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb«sf] :yfkgf, 3fF; tyf cfxf/f, gd"gf uf]7sf]
lgdf{0f, b"w ;+sng s]Gb|sf] ;'wf/ h:tf lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgf d'ntM cfw'lgs k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f,
k"a{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u, b'UwhGo pTkfbgsf] ahf/ la:tf/ tyf Aoa;flos clek]|/0ffsf] If]qdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 .
o; cfof]hgfaf6 bf]nvf–l;++u6L ;8s ;':kf IfdfjtL v08 bfofF jfofFsf !@% ls;fg kl/jf/sf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtf /x]sf]5
/ plgx?g} o; cfof]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt ePsf 5g . ck|ToIf ?kdf o; cfof]hgfsf] ;kmn sfo{fGjogaf6 bf]nvf pQ/sf
@! Uffla;sf] kz'kfngdf cfa4 ls;fgx? ;d]t nfeflGjt ePsf5g\ . o; cfof]hgfsf] ;+rfngn] lbuf] ul/lj lgjf/0f /
jftfj/0f ;++/If0fdf ;xof]u k'Ufsf]] 5 . cGttM ufO{ kfng k|0ffnLsf] k|;f/ / k|ljlwsf] x:tfGt/0fdf ;xof]u k'lu b"w
pTkfbgdf Aofks j[l4 eO{ ls;fgx?sf] cfo :t/ j9fpg / cfw'lgs k|ljlwo'Qm gd'gf ufO{kfng sfo{sf] la:tf/df o;
cfof]hgf sf]z] 9'Ëf ;fljt ePsf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] k[i7e"ld
bf]nvf ufO{kfng Aoj;fosf nflu xfjfkfgL, tfkqmd, >f]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtf / jhf/sf] kxF'rtfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm
lxdfnL lhNnf xf] . o; lhNnfsf] sl/j *)Ü sfo{lzn hgzlQm cem} lgjf{xd'lv tyf k/Dk/fut s[lif k]zfdf lqmoflzn
5 . h;sf] kl/k'/s Aoa;fo kz' kfng tyf b'Uw pTkfbg /x]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf] s'n u|fo:y pTkfbgsf] ^)Ü kz' kfng
tyf b'Uw pTkfbgn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . o;y{ ;+o'St /fi6« ;+l3o ljsf; sf]if (UNDP) sf] ;DefAAotf cWoogsf] cfwf/df
lglh ;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0ff cg'?k ls;fgx?n] :yflgo :t/df pTkfbg u/]sf] b"wnfO{ Aofj;flos sf/f]jf/df NofO{
lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf;df ;xof]u k'/¥ofpg] pb]Zon] @)%^ ;fndf bf]nvf b'Uw pBf]u lnld6]8sf] :yfkgf ulPsf] lyof] .
k/Gt' sRrf b"wsf] ;+sngsf] dfqf cToGt Go'g /xof] . b"w pBf]u ln=sf] k|zf]wg Ifdtf w]/} / b"w ;+sng yf]/} ePsf
sf/0f b'Uw pBf]u ln=3f6f tkm{ cf]/fnf] nfUof] . h'g k|lqmof clxn] ;Dd hf/L 5 . o;f] x'g glbg b"w pTkfbgdf j[l4 ug'{
ckl/xfo{ 5 . o;y{ lglh tyf ;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/L kxndf :yflkt bf]nvf b'Uw pBf]u lnld6]8sf] ;++of]hg Pj+ ls:6
j+}ssf] ;xof]udf bf]nvf lhNnfsf ls;fgx?nfO{ pGgt hftsf ufO{x? vl/b u/L b"w pTkfbg j[l4sf] nflu ;'ne Aofh
b/df laut b'O{ jif{ b]vL C0f k|jfx eO{ /x]sf] 5 . bf]nvf b'Uw pBf]u ln=sf] l;kmfl/;df clxn] ;Dd *),#(,%)).=C0f
129
k|jfx eO{ #)! pGgt ufO{x? / e};Lx? lhNnf lelqPsf 5g\ . sf7df07f}, eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ lhNnfsf ljleGg uf=lj=;af6
pGgt ufO{ vl/b u/L bf]nvf lhNnfsf ;':kf IfdfjtL, ;'Gb«fjtL, ;'gvfgL nufotsf uf=lj=;x?df pGgt ufO{x? Nofpg]
s||d j9\bf] 5 .
pGgt ufO{x?sf] kfng kf]if0f, 3fF; bfgfsf] plrt Aoj:yf, uf]7sf] ;'wf/ / cf}ifwf]krf/sf] 1fg / ;Lk gxF'bf ls;fgx?n]
pGgt ufO{jf6 ck]lIft b"wsf] pTkfbg lng ;s]sf 5}gg\ . pGgt ufO{x? yf/f /xg], b'Anfpg] / sd b"wlbg] ;d:ofx?
/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] ls;fgdf ufO{kfng Aoj;fo k|lt cfsif{0f k}bf x'g ;s]g . ls;fgx?df cfw'lgs ufO{ kfng ljz]iftM
pGgt ufO{kfng ;DjGwL 1fg / ;Lk sd ePsf sf/0f ufO{kfng Aoj;fosf] k|jw{gdf ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . ctM of]
;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;':kf IfdfjtL uf=lj=; v08sf] bf]nvf l;+u6L nfdfju/ ;8s If]qnfO{ gd'gf >f]t If]qsf] ?kdf
ljsf; u/L emf/3fF;÷8fn]3fF; v]tL, gZn ;'wf/ / s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf,gd'gf uf]7sf] lgdf{0f, ;+sng s]Gb|sf]
;'wf/, cf}ifwL tyf bfgf s]Gb|sf] Aoj++:yf ug'{ h?/L 5 . kl/0ffdtM b"wsf] pTkfbgdf a[l¢ x'g], k|ljlwsf] k|bz{gL /
x:tfGt/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug], :yflgo :t/df g} pGgt ufO{, jf5f jf5Lsf] pknAwtf / cfw'lgs kz'kfngsf] k|ltsf]
clek|]/0ffsf] gd'gf ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf k|efjsf/L cleofgsf] yfngL x'g]5 .
;':kf IfdfjtL ufla; bf]nvf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd rl/sf]6b]lv !# ls=dL pQ/ k'a{tkm{ bf]nvf l;u6L ;8sdf cal:yt
5 . of] ufla;sf] klZrddf led]Zj/ gu/kflnsf, k'a{df ;'Gb|fjtL / pQ/df sflnGrf]s ufla; blIf0fdf tfdfsf]zL /x]sf
5g . yfdL hftLsf] afx'Notf /x]sf] o; ufla;df hDdf *$* 3/w'/L dWo] yfdLx? %#) 3/w'/Ldf /x]sf 5g . a];LDkf,
8f]nfuFfp, bfd/fª / kmf;]n'ª s'l;kf cflb o; ufla;sf k|d'v yfdL al:tx? x'g . ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 !#)) dL b]lv
#$)) dL= ;Dd km}lnPs]f / ;/b/ Go'gtd # l8u|L b]lv clwstd @) l8u|L ;]G6Lu|]8 tfkqmd /xg] o; ufla;sf] s'n
If]qkmn @! au{ ls=dL dWo] (*$ x]S6/ h+unn] 9fs]sf] 5 . oxfsf dflg;x?sf] s[lif kl5sf] bf];|f] Aoa;fo kz'kfng g}
/x]sf]5 . :yflgo :t/df s[lif tyf kz'kfng ;DalGw !# j6f s[ifs ;d'xx? ;fd'bfoLs ?kdf sfo{/t 5g .
of] ufla; b'w tyf t/sf/L pTkfbg ks]6 If]qsf] ?kdf /xsf] 5 / ;f]xL cg'?ksf sfo{ cuf8L al9/x]sf 5g . k/Dk/fut
kz'kfngsf] z}nL / k|rngnfO{ cfw'lgs tyf Aoa;flosLs/0f tkm{ nfg g;Sbf kz'kfng s]an lgaf{xfd'lv u'h/fsf]
ca:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . bf]nvf 8]/Lsf] kxndf o; ufla;df pTkflbt b'w ;+sng ug{ ;+sngs]Gb| :yfkgf tyf Joj;foLs
b'w pTkfbg a[l4sf nflu lalQo ;+:yfx?af6 C0f nufgLsf] Aoj:yf, kz' ladfsf] Aoa:yf / kz'kfns ls;fgx?sf]
Plss[t ;xsfo{sf nflu lqa]0fL b'Uw ;xsf/Lsf] u7g / pTkfbgsf] ahf/Ls/0fdf ;d]t ;fy lbb} cfPsf] 5 . lk5l8Psf]
yfdL nufot cGo hftLx?sf] hLagz}nLdf ;'wf/ ug{, pknAw lghL tyf ;fd'bflos ag If]qsf] ;|f]tsf] plrt k|of]u tyf
ahf/sf] ;xh kx'Frn] ubf{ o; ufla;sf] /fd|f] ;+efjgf af]s]sf] Aoa;fo kz'kfngg} xf] . uflj; a:t'ut ljj/0f cg';f/
o; ufla;df ufO{ e};Lsf] ;+Vof !&#) /x]s]f 5 , o; dWo #% j6f pGgt h;L{ tyf xf]ln:6Lg ufO{x? ;d]t lelqosf
5g . h; dWo % j6f d/] / & j6f yf/f /x]] . b'wsf] pTkfbg b}lgs ^) ln6/ /x]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm tYoaf6 of] k|dfl0ft
x'G5 ls pGgt ufO{ kfngsf] 1fg / k|ljlwsf] cefjdf o; uflj;df b'wsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 x'g ;s]sf]
5}g . o; uflj;nfO{ lsi6 a}+ssf] C0f nufgLaf6 !@% j6f yk pGgt ufO{ vl/b ug]{ / xfn ePsf kz'x?df gZn ;'wf/
u/L ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf lasf; ul/g' kg]{ cfaZos 5 . h:sf nflu k|ljlwsf] x:tfGt/0f h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] pb]Zo
d'nt M cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo lgDgfg';f/ to ul/Psf] 5 .
!= b"w pTkfbg a[l¢sf nflu bf]nvf–l;+u6L–nfdfau/ ;8s ;':kf IfdfjtL v08sf] bfofF–afofFsf If]qx?nfO{ gd'gf ;|f]t
If]qsf] ?kdf k|jw{g u/L ls;fgx¿ ljr ufO{ kfng ;DalGw 1fg / k|ljlwsf] x:tfGt/0f ug]]{ .
@= cfw'lgs ufO{kfng k|0ffnLsf] k|fljlws 1fg tyf ;Lksf] la:tf/df cfwf/e't k"a{wf/sf ;fy} ufO{kfngd}qL jftfj/0f
lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
#= cfw'lgs ufO{kfngaf6 clwstd nfe lnO{ cfocfh{gsf] dfWofdaf6 hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ug]{ tkm{ :yflgo kz'kfns
ls;fgx?df clek|]/0ff hufpg] tyf k|ljljwsf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ .
$= cfw'lgs ufO{kfngsf] If]qdf k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf a[l4 ul/ Aoa;flos kz'kfng, u'0f:tl/o pTkfbg / ahf/
Aoj:yfkgsf] sfo{df ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ .
nlIft÷ nfeflGjt ;d"x
bf]nvf l;+u6L ;8ssf] ;':kf IfdfjtL v08sf] bfofFjfofFdf cal:yt k|f/Dedf k|ToIf ?kdf !@% 3/w'/Lsf ls;fgx? lar
of] cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog x'g]5 . pQm ;':kf IfdfjtL ;8s v08sf] bfofFjfFofsf] If]qnfO{ % j6f pkIf]qdf ljeflht u/L
ls;fgx?nfO{ @% ;b;Lo a/fa/ ! ;d'xdf ;+u7Lt % ;d'x agfO{ uf]7 lgdf{0f, gZn ;'wf/ tyf k|hgg\ ljsf;, 3fF; tyf
130
bfgfsf] Joj:yf, cf}iflw pkrf/ nufPtsf 1fg tyf lzkx?, pknAw u/fpbf o; If]qsf !@% 3/w'/Lsf o; cfof]hgfaf6
k|ToIf k|lzlIft tyf nfeflGjt x'g]5g\ .
Objectively Varifiable Indicators
!= bf]nvf l;+u6L —nfdfju/ ;8s ;':kf IfdfjtL v08sf] bfofF jfofF If]qx?sf % ;d"xsf hDdf !@% kl/jf/n] ufO{kfng
tyf b'Uw Joj;fo ;DaGwL cfwf/e't cg'lzIf0f, cjnf]sg e|d0f tyf tflnd k|fKt u/L !@% j6f uf]7 ;'wf/,!@% j6f
pGgt ufO{kfng, / % j6f gz{/L ^@% /f]klgdf 3fF; v]tL u/Lg]5 .
@= of] cfof]hgf ;+rfngsf nflu ! hgf kz' sfo{stf{nfO{ gZn ;'wf/ tyf s[ltd uef{wfg ;DalGw tfnLd lbnfO{
cg'Tkfbs ufO{sf] ;§f pGgt ufO{sf nflu gZn ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;+rfngf ul/g] 5 .
#= of] cfof]hgf ;+rfngn] %)) ln Ifdtfsf] b"w lrZofg s]Gb| :yfkgfe} b'wsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/, pTkfbg tyf ;+sngdf
;xhePsf] x'g]5 .
$= of] cfof]hgf ;+rfngn] lsi6 a}+ssf] ;xof]udf v/Lb u/LPsf !@% j6f pGgt ufO{sf] :jf:Yo pkrf/sf nflu !
cf}iflw k;n / kf]if0fsf nflu ! bfgf k;n :yfkgf ul/Psf]5 .
%= s[ifsx?n] kfng u/]sf ufO{x?sf] gZn ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb| -P=cfO{=;]G6/ _ :yfkgf ePsf] x'g]5 .
Targeted Outputs:
!= bf]nvf–l;+u6L—nfdfju/ ;8s ;':kf IfdfjtL v08sf] bfofF jfofF If]qx?sf % ;d"xsf hDdf !@% ls;fg kl/jf/n]
ufO{kfng tyf b'Uw Joj;fo – uf]7 ;'wf/, pGgt ufO{kfng / b'wsf] u'0f:t/, kz' cf}ifwL, kz'cfxf/f pGgt hftsf
3fF;x?sf] v]tL _ ;DaGwL cfwf/e't cg'lzIf0f tyf tflnd k|fKt ug]{5g\ . % j6f ;d'xdf hDdf % j6f ;'wf/LPsf]
gd'gf uf]7 / !@) ls;fgsf] ;'wf/LPsf] uf]7 x'g]5 .
@= cfof]hgf If]qsf % ;d'xsf @÷@ hgf u/L !|) s[ifsx?nfO{ pGgt hftsf ljleGg gZnsf ufO{x?sf] af/]df ;fy}
s[lqd ue{wfg k|s[of / o;sf af/]df Wofg lbg'kg]{ laifodf Aojxf/Ls 1fg, cf}ifwL tyf pkrf/, tflnd k|fKt u/]sf
5g\ . cfof]hgf If]qsf ls;fgx?af6 Ps ;d'xdf Pp6f g;{/L tyf k|lt kl/jf/ % /f]kgLsf b/n] lglh hldgdf tyf
;fd'bfoLs jgdf 3fF; v]lt ul/Psf]] x'g]5 .
# bf]nvf–l;+u6L—nfdfju/ ;8s ;':kf IfdfjtL v08sf] bfofF jfofF If]qx?sf % ;d"xsf hDdf !@% ls;fg kl/jf/n]
!@%j6f pGgt ufO{kfng u/L b'w ljqmL af6 cfkmgf] cfocfh{g j[4L ug]{5g\ .
#= cfof]hgf If]qsf pGgt ufO{x?sf] :jf:Yo pkrf/sfnflu kz' :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;DjlGw slDtdf #% lbg] u|fld0f kz'
:jf:Yo sfo{stf{ tflndkfO{ cg'ej k|fKt ! hgf JolQmnfO{ kz'k+lIf cf}iflw Joj;fo tflnd lbnfOPsf]] 5 . pQm JolQm
tflnd k|fKte} kms]{ kl5 lhDd]jf/L lbO{ g:n ;'wf/ s]Gb| Pj+ kz'cf}iflw s]Gb«sf] :yfkgf tyf ;+rfng ePsf] x'g]5 .
;fy} ;+t'lnt kz' cfxf/sf nflu bfgf kznsf] klg :yfkgf ePsf] x'g]5 .
$= cfof]hgf If]q cGt/ut kg{] ;':kf IfdfjtL uf=lj=; j8f g+ $ bf]nvf l;+u6L ;8sf] 5]pdf /x]sf] lqj]0fL b'Uw ;+sng
s]Gb«sf] ef}lts cj:yfsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg To; b"w ;+sng s]Gb|df %)) ln Ifdtfsf] b"w lr:ofg s]Gb|sf]
:yfkgf ePsf] x'g]5 .
lj:tf/ k|lqmof (Up scaling Pathways)
o; cfof]hgf bf]nvf l;+u6L nfdfau/ ;8s bfofF afofF v08sf] ;Dk"0f{ If]qdf nfu" ul/g] eP tfklg xfnnfO{ ;f] ;8s
v08 cGtu{t ;':kfIfdfjtL uflj; v08df dfq ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{ o; cfof]hgfnfO{ ;f] ;8s v08 cGtu{t
kg]{ cGo uflj;df klg ljleGg r/0fdf qmdz nfu" ub}{ nlug] 5 . ;f] sfo{sf] nflu yk ah]6sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . ;fy}
xfnsf] kl/of]hgfdf ufO v/Lb ubf{ cGo If]qaf6 NofOg] ePklg IfdfjtL uflj;df gd"gf ufOkfng ;DkGg eO;s]kl5
cGo v08df sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ubf{ ;f]xL gd"gf If]qsf] ;|f]tnfO{ pkof]u ul/g] 5 . h:tf] ls pGgt hftsf ufO cfk"lt{
;f]xL If]qaf6 ul/g]5 . cfjZos hgzlQm, bfgf, 3fF; h:tf ufOkfngsf ckl/xfo{ lrhx? oxL If]qdf pknAw x'g] x'gfn]
ufOkfng cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;xhtf x'g] 5 . t/ oxfF ;f]rgLo s'/f s] 5 eg] yk cfof]hgfx? qmdz nfu" ub}{
hfgsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{x? h:t} pGgt ufOkfng ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L s[ifsx?nfO{ pGgt
ufOkfng sfo{df pTk|]l/t u/fpg] sfo{x? klg ;Fu} ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . o;sf] nflu sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfosf]
;fy} ;xof]uL lgsfosf] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 .
131
o; cfof]hgfaf6 ;DalGwt If]qsf ls;fgx? kz'kfngnfO{ Joa;flos ?kdf ;~fng u/L o;af6 cfly{s ?kdf ;DkGg
x'g]5g\ . h;af6 cGo uflj;df klg of] sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ug{sf nflu ;xh x'g]5 . ;'ikf IfdfjtL uflj;sf ls;fgx?sf]
ufO{ kfng Joa;fo cGo uflj;sf nflu gd'gf x'g]5 . b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf s[ltd uef{wfg s]Gb| ;~rfng
h:tf sfo{n] cfw'lgs k|lalw :yfgLo :t/df g} pknAw x'g]5 / ;f] k|lalw la:tf/} lhNnfsf cGo uflj;df klg lj:tf/
x'g]5 . b'Uw Joa;fo ;Fu;Fu} 3fF;, bfgf nufotsf cGo kl/k'/s a:t'x?sf] Joa;foLs/0f x'Fb} hfg]5 . ls;fgx? hj
Joa;flos aGb} hfG5g\ o;n] lhNnfs} ;du| cfocfh{gdf ;sf/fTds c;/ NofO{ cfly{s ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] lglZrt
5.
ctM ;':kf IfdfjtL uf=lj=;nfO{ gd'gf >f]t If]qsf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L emf/3fF;÷8fn]3fF; v]tL, gZn ;'wf/ tyf s[lqd
uef{wfg s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf, gd'gf uf]7sf] lgdf{0f, b'w ;+sng tyf lr:ofg s]Gb|sf] ;'wf/, cf}ifwL tyf bfgf s]Gb|sf] Aoj:yf
ug'{ h?/L 5 . kl/0ffdtM b"wsf] pTkfbgdf a[l¢ x'g], k|ljlwsf] k|bz{gL / x:tfGt/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug], :yflgo :t/df g}
pGgt ufO{, jf5f jf5Lsf] pknAwtf / cfw'lgs kz'kfngsf] k|ltsf] clek|]/0ffsf] gd'gf ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf k|efjsf/L
cleofgsf] yfngL tyf lbuf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g]5 .
Activities
j];nfO{g ;a]{
s[ifs ;d"x u7g
uflj; :t/Lo kl/rofTds uf]i7L
ufO kmf/d :ynut cWoog e|d0f
ufO v/Lb k|yd r/0f
:ynut s[ifs tflnd
gZn ;'wf/ tflnd tyf s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb| :yfkgf
kz' cfxf/f / 3fF; ljsf; Jojxfl/s tflnd, 3fF; v]lt
ufO v/Lb låtLo r/0f
gd"gf uf]7 lgdf{0f
cf}ifwL pkrf/ tflnd tyf kz' cf}ifwL k;n :yfkgf
lrZofg s]Gb| :yfkgf
pknAwLx?
Progress status
Remarks
@)^^ kmfu'gdf ;DkGg
@)^^ r}qdf ;DkGg
@)^^ r}q @! df ;DkGg
@)^^ r}q @@,@#,@$ df ;DkGg
@)^& h]i7 df ;DkGg
@)^& efb| df ;DkGg
@)^& sflt{s df ;DkGg
@)^&df3,kmfNu'g df ;DkGg
@)^* h]i7 ,c;f/ ;DkGg
@)^* efb| df ;DkGg
@)^*sflt{s df ;DkGg
xfn ;Dd s|dfut
-Achievements )
•
;':kf IfdfjtL uflj;df % j6f ufOkfns s[ifs ;d"x u7g sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5, h;df !@% ufOkfns
s[ifsx? cfa4 ePsf 5g\ . s[ifs ;d"xx?nfO{ cg'lzIf0f u/fpg'sf] ;fy} ;xeflutfd"ns lgb]{lzsf lgdf{0f sfo{
klg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
•
uflj;sf] kz'kfngsf] cj:yfaf/] ljZn]if0f ug]{ p2]Zon] cfwf/e"t ;e]{If0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 h;af6
uflj;sf] kz'kfngsf] j:t'l:ylt k|fKt ePsf] 5
•
ufO kmf/d :ynut cWoog e|d0fsf] nflu s[ifsx? 5gf}6ul/ 5gf}6 ePsf s[ifx?nfO{ cWoog e|d0f u/fOPsf]]
5.
•
xfn;Dd % j6f ufO{kfns s[ifs;d"x u7g eO;s]sf] tyf s[ifs ;d"xsf !@% ;b:ox?nfO{ ufOkfng tyf b'Uw
cfof]hgf If]qsf % ;d"xdf !) j6fsf b/n] hDdf %) j6f h;L{ ufO{ sf7df08f}sf] d'nkflg uflj; / nlntk'/sf]
nfdf6f/ uflj;sf s[ifsx?jf6 kz';]jf sfof{no, bf]nvfsf k|fljlwsx?sf] k/fdz{df / bf]nvf b'Uw pBf]usf]
;xof]udf ;DalGwt ls;fgn] l4lto r/0fdf ufO{ vl/b u/L;s]sf 5g\ . ;DalGwt s[ifs ;d'x / bf]nvf b'Uw
pBf]u lnld6]8sf] l;kmfl/;df lsi6 j}sn] ;DalGwt ls;fgnfO{ ! pGgt ufO{ vl/bsf] nflu ?=%)))) C0f
;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .
•
gd'gf ufO{ uf]7sf] lgdf{0f M pGgt hftsf kz'kfngsf nflu pGgt uf]7sf] clgjfo{tf x'g]x'gfn] s[ifsx?nfO{ uf]7
;'wf/sf] l;k 1fgsf] cfjZostf 5 . t;y{ cfof]hgf If]qsf % ;d'xsf @÷@ hgf u/L !) hgf ufO{kfns
s[ifsnfO{{ uf]7 ;'wf/ ;DjlGw laif]z tfnLd pknJw u/fOPsf] 5 .
132
•
ls;fgx?nfO{ ;'wf/LPsf] uf]7sf] gd'gf b]v]/ pGgt k|ljlwsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf x:tfGt/0f ;d]t x'g] x'gfn]
cfof]hgf If]qsf % j6f ;d'xdf ;+u7Lt ePsf slDtdf # j6f pGgt b"w lbg] ufO{kfns s[ifsx? dWoaf6 %
hgfsf] 5gf}6 u/L pGgt ufO{ uf]7sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . 5gf}6 ePsf k|To]s ;d"xsf !÷! hgf u/L hDdf %
hgf b'Uw pTkfbs pGgt ufO{kfns ls;fgn] Pscfk;df ;xsfo{ u/L ;d"xsf] /fo ;Nnfx ;d]t lnP/ pGgt
uf]7 lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g . pSt gd'gf uf]7 lgdf{0f ubf{ cfof]hgsf] tkm{jf6 s'n nfutsf] $)Ü cg'bfg /sd
pknJw u/fPsf] 5 .
•
cf}ifwL pkrf/ ljif]z tfnLd tyf kz' cf}iflw k;n :yfkgfM cfof]hgf If]qsf pGgt ufO{x?sf] :jf:Yo
pkrf/sfnflu kz' :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;DjlGw slDtdf #% lbg] u|fld0f kz' :jf:Yo sfo{stf{ tflnd kfO{ cg'ej
k|fKt ! hgf JolQmnfO{ ;d"xn] lgw{f/0f u/]sf] k|lqmof cg';f/ kz'k+lIf cf}iflw Joj;fo tflnd lbnfpg 5gf}6 u/L
cflwsf/Ls ;+:yfdf k7fOPsf] JolQm tflnd k|fKt u/L kms]{ kl5 kz' cf}iflw s]Gb«sf] :yfkgf u/L ;+rfngsf]
hDd]jf/L lbO{Psf]5 . pSt kz' cf}iflw s]Gb«sf] ;+:yfut ;+rfng lg/Gt/?kdf cfof]hgf If]q leq nfdf] ;do b]lv
lqmoflzn /x]sf] lqj]0fL b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] Joj:yfkg u/]sf] 5 . pQm s]Gb«n] ufO{x?sf] :jf:Yo clen]v /fVg],
pkrf/ ;]jf lbg] qmddf uf]a/ kl/If0f ub}{ vf]kdf Eofu't], vf]/]t tyf k/lhlj lgoGq0fdf gfDn] df6] h'sf
nufotsf] pkrf/ / cfsfl:ds pkrf/ ug'{sf ;fy} afFhf]kg lgjf/0fsf nflu cfjZos pkrf/sf ljlwx?
;d]tsf] ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] ug]{ 5 . o; kz':jf:Yo pkrf/ s]Gb|sf] lbuf] ;+rfngsf nflu ;]jf z'Nssf] ;d]t
Joj:yf u/LPsf] 5 . ;]jfz'Nssf] lgwf{/0f u/L ls;fg lxtsf]ifsf] Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf tkm{af6 To;
lxtsf]if ;+rfngsf nflu ljp k"Flh pknAw u/fO{Psf] 5 .
•
xfn klof]hgf If]qsf pGgt Pj+ :yfgLohftsf !)) j6f ufO{ dWo s[ltd uef{wfg u/]sf]df ^)j6f ufO{df ;kmn
ePsf] 5 .
• b'Uw pTkfbgsf] ;+efJotfsf] sf/0f b"Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg / bf]nvf 8]/L jLr ;fem]bf/L ?kdf sfo{ ug{ k|lqmof
cuf8L j9]sf] 5.
133
cfof]hgfsf] zLif{s
(Project Title)
Project Number
Management of Degraded Agricultural Land Through Coopearative
Lease Farming
701/2067-68
cfof]hgf ;+of]hs
lji0f' k|;fb uf}td
(Project Coordinator)
7]ufgf (Address)
tLg ; k|lti7fg
(Three S Foundation), cgfdgu/ sf7df8f}+
Od]n [email protected]
df]afOn (*%!)!@#&)/(*%!)$!$^&
www.threesfoundation.org.np
6]lnkmf]g (Telephone)
km\ofS; (Fax)
Od]n (email)
;xof]uL ;+:yf
$@##)^* -sfof{no_ $#&&*!# -3/_
(&&)!$@##)^*
[email protected]
w'gLa]zL s[lif ax'pb]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf, gf]lj;], wflbË
(Collaboration Partner)
Project Start Date
@)^& >fj0f !
Project End Date
@)^( c;f/ d;fGt
Project Cost
? @(,(% xhf/
cfof]hgf :yn
gf}la;], hLjgk'/=uf=lj=;=, wflb+u lhNnf
(Location of Project)
cfof]hgf ;f/f+z (Project Summary)
clwsf+ztM u/La, ;fgf ls;fg / blnt tyf hghfltx?sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] wflbË lhNnfsf] gf}lj;] / hLjgk'/ uf=lj=;=sf
@ :yfgdf sd;n / vl08s[t hdLgsf] Aoa:yfkg u/L ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] dfWodåf/f n}l+us ;dtfd"ns / jftfa/0f—
d}qL ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] sfof{Tds cg';Gwfg (action research) u/L pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 u/fO{ /f]huf/Lsf
;fy} u/LaL lgjf/0fdf ;3fp k'/fpg] / d'n'ssf cGo efudf cg'z/0fLo tyf lj:tf/of]Uo (replication) x'g ;Sg] sfo{ut
cg';Gwfg (action research) sf] ?kdf ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLåf/f sd;n / vl08s[t hdLgsf] Aoa:yfkg cfof]hgf
(Management of Degraded Agricultural Land through Cooperative Lease Farming Project) sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf]
5 . /fli6|\o s[lif cg';Gwfg ljsf; sf]if (National Agricultural Research Development Fund) n] ;ftf} cfXjfgdf of]
kl/of]hgfnfO{ :jLs[t u/] cg';f/ @ jif{sf] lglDt ldlt @)^&.%.!* -tbg';f/ # ;]K6]Da/, @)!)_ df sf]if / k|lti7fgaLr
kl/of]hgf ;+emf}tf (Project Agreement) ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
tLg ; k|lti7fgn] :yfgLo o'jf tyf s[ifsx?sf] w'gLj]zL s[lif ax'p2]zLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;xsfo{df nfeflGjt ju{sf]
?kdf :yfgLo dlxnf, blnt, hghflt tyf u/La Pa+ ;fgf ls;fgx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L ;d"xdf cfj4 u/fO{ ;"rgf tyf
hfgsf/L, k|ljlw, sfo{ljlw, ;+:yfut Ifdtf a[l4åf/f cfly{s, ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo nfex? pknAw ug]{ cj;/sf] ;[hgf
ul/Psf] 5 .
cfof]hgfn] laz]if u/L lgDg ls|ofsnfkx? ul//x]sf] 5 .
-!_ ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] k|f?k ljsf;sf] nflu b'O{ uf=lj=;=sf vl08t lju|]sf hUufx? PsLs[t u/L s/La @)) /f]kgL
hUuf s/f/df ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] lng] .
-@_ pSt hUufdWo] :t/f]Gglt e}/x]sf] %* /f]kgLdf ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tL Aoa:yfkg ul//x]sf] 5 . o;df d'Votof afnLx?M
sfpnL, aGbf, n;'g, cfn' uf]ne]+8f h:tf t/sf/Lsf ;fy} a];f/, cb'jf nufpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .jfls !#@ /f]kgLdf
ljleGg hftsf 3f+;]jfnL / 8fn]3f+;, g]lko/, d'nf6f], df]nfl;;, cld|;f] Olkn Olkn, s'6d]/f] j8x/ cflb nufOPsf] .
-#_ $ j6f kf]lnxfp; lgdf{0fu/L uf]ne]+8f, e]8]v';f{gL sf+qmf] nufOPsf] .
-$_ ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tL afx]ssf] l5d]sdf /x]sf ;b:os[ifsx?sf] vl08t / lju|]sf] s/La @)) /f]kgLdf dfu{bz{g tyf
k|fljlws ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] l;nl;nfdf k|lzIf0f sfo{s|dx? ;Grfng ul./Psf] 5 .
-%_ ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf / ;+:yfut ljsf;df ;xof]u k'/fO/x]sf] 5 .
134
-^_ b]zsf] cGo efudf klg lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsof];\ eGg] pb]Zon] ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] k|f?k ljsf;sf] nflu k|f?k,
Dofg'cn, clen]vg (documentation) ug]{ sfd ;d]t ;+u;+u} eO/x]sf] 5 .
k[i7e"ld (Background)
wflbË lhNnfsf gf}la;], hLjgk'/ uf=lj=;=x?df u/La, ;fgf ls;fg / blnt tyf hghfltx?sf] a;f]af; clwsf+ztM
cl;+lrt / sd;n hUufdf /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] cl;+lrt / sd;n hUufdf pTkflbt vfBfGgn] v]tLn] vfg gk'Ug] / jif{el/
sfd gx'g] sf/0faf6 oL ;LdfGt hUufwgLx? /f]huf/Lsf] nflu cGoq -sf7df8f} / ljb]z_ knfog eO/x]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf
cltl/St lgDg ;d:ofx?df cem hl6ntf ylkb}+ uPsf] b]lvG5 .
♦
!@ jif]{ hgo'4 / gu/Ls/0fsf] k|efjn] xfnsf] cj:yfdf ufp+df ;;fgf s]6fs]6L / j"9fj"9Lx? dfq 5g\ . ufp+df
sfd ug]{ dflg;sf] vf+rf] 5 . dnfdL kfpg ufx|f] 5 . v]tjf/Lx? jf+emf 5g\ / 3/ uf]7x? eTs]/ j]jfl/;] jg]sf
5g\ .
♦
cg'kl:yt hUufwgLsf] sf/0faf6 klg hdLg v]/uO/x]sf] 5 / o;n] hdLgsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf c;/
kf/]sf] 5 . s[lif hLjg wfGg] vfnsf] dfq ePsf] / Aofa;flos gePsf]n] e/kbf]{ / gfkmfd'vL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g /
u|fdL0f o'jfx? s[lifdf cgfslif{t eO/x]sf] ca:yf 5 .
♦
sf7df8f} glhs / a9bf] c:j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] sf/0fn] ljgf pko'St 1fg cTolws /f;folgs jf ljiffbLsf]
k|of]uaf6 lju|]sf] hUuf, h+unsf] ljgfzsf] sf/0fn] af9L klx/f]af6 lju|]sf] hUuf / af+emf], u]U|ofg / 5]+ps'gf
hf]l8P/ lju|]sf] hUufsf] Aoa:yfkg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
♦
k9]n]v]sf AolStx? /f]huf/L jf Aoa;fosf] sf/0fn] ufp+df v]tL ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}gg\ . pgLx?n] c?nfO{
sdfpg lb+bf df]xLofgL xs nfUg ;S5 jf To;sf 8/n] af+emf] 5f]8g] Pp6f ljsNk /xG5 . t/ ca af+emf] /fVg
klg hl/jfgf ltg'{kg]{ gLltut Aoa:yf ;/sf/sf] ah]6 sfo{s|ddf cfO;s]sf] 5 .
♦
ljb]zdf /f]huf/Ldf hfg]n] k7fPsf] ljk|]if0f (remittance) ufp+d} a;]/ v]tLdf nufpg'sf] ;6[f pgLx?sf
hxfgkl/jf/ 8]9 jif{sf] jfnsnfO{ cfjf;Lo laBfnodf k9fpg eg]/ zx/ k:g] k|a[ltn] emg\ pTkfbg 36\g nfu]sf]
5.
♦
abln+bf] df};d kl/at{gn] ljZjAofkL tfks|d (global warming) a9]/ vfBfGgsf] sdL x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .
ca s[lifsf] k/Dk/fut z}nL / dfGotfnfO{ TofuL k/Dk/fut 6'qmf s[lifsf] ;6[f Plss[t s[lif k|0ffnL nfu' ug'{ h?/L ePsf]
5 . ;dfwfgsf] pkfo eg]sf] oL ;LdfGt s[ifskl/jf/x?;+u ePsf] s[lif—l;k / sd;n hUufnfO{ ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf]
dfWodåf/f e"ld Aoa:yfkg / ;'wf/ ug{' xf] . o:tf] v]/uO/x]sf] hUufsf] pkof]usf] nflu ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] Aoa:yfkg
k|f?ksf] ljsf; ug{sf] nflu sfof{Tds cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo (Purpose of the Project)
cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo wflb+u lhNnfsf @ :yfgdf sd;n / vl08s[t hdLgsf] pko'St tl/sfaf6 rSnfaGbL jf PsLs/0f
u/L ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] dfWodåf/f n}l+us ;dtfd"ns / jftfa/0f—d}qL ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] sfof{Tds cg';Gwfg
(action research) u/L pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 u/fO{ /f]huf/Lsf ;fy} u/LaL lgjf/0fdf ;3fp k'/fpg] / d'n'ssf
cGo efudf cg'z/0fLo tyf lj:tf/of]Uo (replication) x'g ;Sg] Pp6f PsLs[t Jofj;flos ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] k|f?k
(Cooperative Lease Farming Model) ;d]t ljsf; ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} o;sf cGo p2]Zox? lgDgfg';f/sf /x]sf
5g\ .
• sd;n / v08Ls[t cyf{t\ yf]/} / 5l/Psf] 6'qmf -lsQf_ hUufnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ hUufsf] PsLs/0f jf rSnfaGbL
ug]{, hUuf ljsf; ug]{, l;rfO{ ;'ljwf k'\/\ofpg], df6f] k/LIf0f cflb ;lxt e"Aoa:yfkg ug]{,
• s[lifdf oflGqs/0f / cfw'lgs cf}hf/ k|of]unfO{ ;xh agfpg'sf ;fy} pGgt jLp dn ;dod} k'/\ofO{ jfnLnfO{
hgfj/ / ls/f /f]u cflbaf6 hf]ufO{ pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf a[l4åf/f s[lifnfO{ gfkmfd'vL / cfsif{s tyf
;Ddfghgs Aoa;fodf ?kfGtl/t u/L :yfgLo txdf ;dfj]z x'g] s[ifsx? -u/La, ;fgf ls;fg / blnt tyf
hghfltx? Pa+ dlxnfx?_ ;+u ePsf] s[lif—l;knfO{ u'0ffTds agfO{ hLjg :t/df e/kbf]{ lsl;dn] ;'wf/
Nofpg],
• g]kfn ljZj Aofkf/ ;+u7gdf k|j]z u/]sf] ;Gbe{df b]zdf pTkflbt a:t'sf] k|zf]wgnfO{ u'0f :t/Lo agfO{ ahf/
k|a4{gåf/f plrt nfe k|fKt ug]{,
• PsLs[t Aofa;flos v]tLsf nflu e"Aoa:yfkg nufot ljQLo >f]t, hgzlSt ljsf;, k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f,
;+:yfut ljsf;åf/f pko'St ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tL k|f?ksf] ljsf; ug{ sfof{Gd'vL cg';Gwfg ug]{ .
135
nlIot ;d"xx? / nfeflGjtx? (Beneficiaries)
cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ If]q @ uf=lj=;=x?sf] ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5 .
hg;+Vof -jf8{ cg';f/_
uf=lj=;=
hLjgk'/
3/kl/jf/
dlxnf
k'?if
hDdf
gf}aL;]
3/kl/jf/
dlxnf
k'?if
hDdf
s"n hDdf
s"n
jf8{ !
jf8{ @ jf8{ #
jf8{ $
jf8{ %
jf8{ ^
jf8{ & jf8{ * jf8{ (
@$!
^@)
%(!
!&@#
$#!^
$#%%
*^&!
!)&
@@%
@$)
!^%
$!$
$#^
!#^
#*!
##)
!)@
@$(
@$$
@@(
%$!
%($
!&# @(! @&(
$!! &^) &!%
$$* &^* &)$
@&#)
&$^&
&@)!
!$^^*
@###(
#(%
!)$@
(*!
#^#
!)#)
((*
!(%
%%)
%@)
@(&
@&%
@*@
*!^
&*$
&&!
*)(
&%@
&!&
>f]tM s]=t=lj= @))#
$%# #@^ !$$
!@$# *$! #()
!!*# *@@ $!(
hg;+Vof -hfltut cg';f/_
hflt
hLjgk'/
gf}aL;]
hLjgk'/
bdfO{
;fsL{
sfdL
!#& %#)
@@^ $#^
*^&!
!@$
@@#
cGo
blnt
!&#
#&
r]kfª
tfdfª
du/
u'?ª
)
%@
!#&*
$)%%
^&^
!&(
&(
*(
g]jf/
cGo
hghflt
^@^ #$^
!!!) ()$
gf}aL;] !$^^*
;Gof;L
a|fXd0f
5]qL
cGo
!@
#)$
@$)@
#%%$
!*)#
#!(#
%%*
^!
>f]tM s]=t=lj= @))#
pk/f]St hg;+VofdWo] cfof]hgfsf] cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; (research and development) af6 nfeflGjt ju{sf] ?kdf
:yfgLo dlxnf, blnt, hghflt tyf u/La Pa+ ;fgf ls;fgx? ;dfj]z u/L cfof]hgfaf6 s"n s/La #,%) kl/jf/
nfeflGjt eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLdf k|ToIf ?kdf %) hgfnfO{ /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpgfsf ;fy} dfu{bz{g
ul/g] %) s[ifs k|ToIf ?kdf / ;xsf/L z]o/ ;b:osf] l;k ljsf; -t/sf/L, post-harvest, ahf/, ;fdflhs kl/rfng,
art cflb_ u/L #)) hgfnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf cjz/ lng of]Uo agfpg pgLx?nfO{ ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L, k|ljlw, sfo{ljlw,
;+:yfut Ifdtf a[l4åf/f cfly{s, ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo nfex? pknAw u/fpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .
nlIot k|ltkmnx? (Trageted Outputs and Objectively Verifiable Indicators - OVIs)
cfof]hgfsf] k|ltkmn (Project Outputs)
-!_ ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] k|f?k ljsf;sf] nflu b'O{ uf=lj=;=sf vl08t lju|]sf hUufx? PsLs[t u/L hUuf
s/f/df pknAwtf
-@_ ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tL Aoa:yfkg
-#_ ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tL afx]ssf] l5d]sdf /x]sf ;b:os[ifsx?sf] vl08t / lju|]sf] hUufdf dfu{bz{g tyf
k|fljlws ;]jf pknAwtf
-$_ ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf, ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;Grfng
-%_ ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] k|f?k ljsf;sf] nflu k|f?k, Dofg'cn, clen]vg .
p2]Zout ?kdf k/LIf0fof]Uo ;"rsx? (Objectively Verifiable Indicators)
-!_ @)) /f]kgL hUufdf ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] nflu s/f/
-@_ s/f/df pknAw hUufdWo] :t/f]Gglt ug{ ;lsg] hUufdf t/sf/L kmnkm"n / af+ls !#@ /f]kgLdf 3f+;]jfnL ;xsf/L
s/f/ v]tL Aoa:yfkg
-#_ l5d]ssf ;b:o s[ifs kl/jf/x?sf] vl08t / lju|]sf] @)) /f]kgL hUufdf dfu{bz{g / k|fljlws ;]jf pknAw
-$_ ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf / ;+:yfut ljsf;
-%_ ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] k|f?k ljsf;sf] nflu k|f?k, Dofg'cn, lgb]{lzsf clen]vg
cfof]hgfsf k|ltkmnnfO{ a9L u|fXo jf :t/f]Gglt agfpg k|a4{g dfu{x? (Up- Scaling Pathways)
• cfof]hgfn] km/flsnf] lsl;dn] xfn eO/x]sf k|ljlwx?nfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ / cem :t/f]Gglt ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf
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;+hfn / bIftf ljsf;sf sfdx? ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf sfdx?sf] lbuf]kg / nfut k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ Wofg lbOPsf] 5 .
136
•
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:t/f]Gglt ug{ pTk|]/0f u/fOG5 .
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• ;xsf/L s/f/ v]tLsf] k|f?k ljsf;sf] nflu b'O{ uf=lj=;=sf vl08t lju|]sf hUufx? PsLs[t u/L s/La @))
/f]kgL hUuf s/f/df pknAw ePsf] 5 .
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k|:tfljt s[ofsnfkx? (Activities Proposed )
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137
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Development Initiatives : Rehovot Conference 2010 df g]kfnn] t[tLo :yfg k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . Oyf]lkof klxnf] /
;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sf l4tLo ePsf] of] k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 tLg ; k|lti7fg sf cWoIf >L s[i0f axfb'/ s'‘j/n]
Integrated Rural Development Through Cooperative Lease Farming in Nepal ljifosf] sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . ljZjsf @^ /fi6|\x?sf k|ltlglwx? -g]kfn, ef/t, a+unfb]z, Oh/fon, hf]8{g, blIf0f sf]l/of, a]nfot, ;+o'St /fHo
138
cd]l/sf, O6nL, ci6|\]lnof, ?;, a]nf/;, x+u]/L, sf]nlDaof, k]?, ch]{lG6gf, xf]G8'/;, Ujf6]dfnf, sf]i6fl/sf, af]n]leof,
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University of Jerusalem, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, University of Haifa, University of North Texas,
Universidad de Magallanes, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Moi University, Kenya; Universita
degli Studi di Genova, Italy; Weitz Center for Development Studies, Rohovot; Weitz Center international
Foundation) sf k|fWofksx? tyf cg';Gwfgstf{x?sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . of] ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf Weitz Center for
Development Studies, Oh/fonsf] k//fi6|\ dGqfno, UN HABITAT, Hebrew University of Jerusalem nufotsf
* j6f ;+:yfx?n] ;+o'St ?kdf u/]sf lyP .
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microfinance) sf] cjwf/0ff lnPsf] o; k|lti7fgn] g]kfndf @)^# b]lv u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ?kdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
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nflu /fli6|\o sfo{s|dsf ?kdf ;Grflnt ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; sfo{s|d -s[lif ljsf; a}+s_ df nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd
ul/;s]sf lj1x?sf] ;DnUgtf /x]sf] 5 .
pSt k'/:s[t sfo{kq k|lti7fgn] wflbË lhNnfsf] gf}la;] ufp‘ ljsf; ;ldltdf ;Grflnt w'gLa];L s[lif
ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] sd;n / vl08t hUUffdf ;xsf/L s/f/v]tL Aoa:yfkg4f/f PsLs[t
u|fdL0f ljsf; kl/of]hgfdf cfwfl/t 5 / of] kl/of]hgf Aoa:yfkgsf] nflu tLg ; k|lti7fgn] k|ltof]lutf4f/f g]kfn
;/sf/sf] /fli6|\o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]ifaf6 cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw ul/ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 .
139
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Establishment of Resource Centre of Pakhribas Black Pig in
Sankhuwasabha District
702/2009/10
Mukesh Karki
Khadbari Municipality 9
029-560162
029-560445
District Livestock Service Office, Sankhuwasabha
Agriculture Research Station, Pakhribas
September,5 2010
August 2013
End Date:
19,29,760
Khadbari Municipality, Makalu and Noom VDC of Sankhuwasabha
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Pigs are important domestic animals in the eastern hills of Nepal. Gurung et al. (1989) reported that 45% of
the farmers owned pigs in Koshi hills. The total numbers of Pig in Eastern hills is estimated to be 272252, of
which 32900 are in Sankhuwasaba district producing 487 mt meat production annually (MOAC, 2009). ARS,
Pakhribas is an institute where the black color Pakhribas Pig has been developed and the parent stocks are
being maintained to date. The productive and reproductive performances of these pigs are high as compared
to the local pigs (Oli, 1986; Gatenby et al., 1990; Gurung and Pradhan, 1989 and Aryal et al., 1992). Because
of being highly productive and having black in color, the popularity and demand of Pakhribas Pig is
increasing continuously among the farming communities of eastern hills. With increasing its market
potentialities, people in the other part of the country are showing great interest to rear this breed for
generating cash. However, most of the farmers failed to have quality piglets adequately, as currently ARS,
Pakhribas is only the source which producing around 200 piglets every year (Annual report, ARS, Pakhribas
2065/66. The demand of pig only in the Sankhuwasabha is more than 5000 every year (DLSO,
Sankhuwasabha), however, there is no reliable resource centre of pig in the district and within the eastern hill
region as a whole. Currently, the major share of supply is from local. Therefore, to fulfill the increasing
demand there is urgent needs for the establishment of reliable Pig resource centre within the district for the
permanent source for quality piglets production. (P Budhhathoki, DLSO, Sankhuwasabha, presentation at
Regional Agriculture Technical Group Meeting at Regional Livestock Directorate, Biratnagar, Bhadra 4,
2065). Therefore, to supply quality piglets adequately to the farmers, the concept of establishing community
resource centre of Pakhribas Pig has been put forward.
The main purpose of the project is to establish community breeder farm (resource centre) of Pakhribas Pig for
sustainable supply of improved piglets and empowered the farming community for enhancing productivity and
rural livelihood. It is envisaged that after implementation of the project farmers will have access of quality piglets
in their community and also have good understanding for proper breeding, management and the quality of the
products which help to increased production and productivity thereby income in the pig farming community.
Furthermore, the community breeder farm will help to fulfill the increasing demand from neighboring districts and
also maintained genetic diversity at farm level and create self employment opportunity.
Five resource centre each with 8 female and 2 male units will be established in the five locations compatible with
Livestock Service Centers of DLSO with active participation of Pig raising groups as a Public-Private-Partnership
Approach. These units will produce about 2000 piglets and provide service to more than 4000 local sow. The
production of piglets and service to local sow will be increased in local growers annually as its multiplier effects.
It has estimated that, it will serve about 15% of the pig growers of the district by the end of 2013. Hence, it will
140
enhance the production and productivity of pigs in the district and ultimately increase the income and nutritional
status of Dalit, Janajati, women and disadvantaged pig growers of rural hill villages of the district.
Finally, Pig Resource Centre will be established, maintained, and supply piglets in sustainable way. The
technician and farmers get trained on pig farming technologies and make them confident and continue the
program even after completion of the project. Eventually, the developing agencies of the other districts of the
region and other parts of the country may also adapt the program for their own districts/region. Meanwhile, selfemployment opportunity will be created not only for pig keepers but also for those involve in marketing, feed
producer, cereals grain producer in the community. In this way, the project will support to meet the NARDF
strategic objectives and purpose in the local and regional level.
Beneficiaries
The main target groups and beneficiaries of the proposed work will be more than 6000 households largely of
Janajati, Dalit and ethnic women farmers of the Sankhuwasabha district and its neighboring districts. Because
2000 household will have pure breed of Pakhribas Pig in their own district as a result farmers will get the
required piglets easily and adequately which help to generate total net income of Rs 4000000 (Rs 2000 per
fattening pig) directly to the pig raiser along with providing total gross income of Rs 3800000 (Selling price
Rs 1900/piglet) to the breeder farmers. Likewise, local pig keeper will have easy access for service from the
improved boars, which help to upgrade the productivity performance and income thereby benefitted to more
than 4000 local pigs farmer. As pigs are easy to raise with less investment and have potential to generate
cash, poor sectors of the community particularly woman and disadvantages groups will get benefitted.
The secondary beneficiaries of project will be farmers residing around the resource centers who will get
opportunity to observe the ongoing project activities, share the experience and get the frequent visit of pig
specialist on their home farm. They will get all the requirement, suggestion and technical support during the
project period, which helps to adopt the technology and generate additional income through implementing
efficient breeding and management approach in the community.
The tertiary beneficiaries will be the pig grower farmers of the project location. The project coordinator and
technicians along with DLSO staff and ARS, Pakhribas breeders will frequently visit the location. In the mean
time, the residents of those locations will have access to ask about the problems of pig and get free advice and
technical support from our project staff and collaborators.
The other beneficiaries of the project will be the community of the proposed location. Because, this project
will train farmers to use local resource efficiently and disposal of manure properly. The project encourage
farmers to modified/prepared pen/shed to substitute the open grazing system and make the environment clean,
safeguard the public health and maintain social harmony. Meanwhile others person can also have opportunity
to get involve in marketing and feeding supply.
Finally, the project will also be benefit to the research and developing institution for adaptation and applying
of the project findings to better up the pig growers of their command area
A 40 sow and 10 boar pig production units established, 2000 piglets produced and marketed, 4000 local sow get
served by 2013. The resource centre will be established in the five locations. In each location 8 sow and 2 boar pig
unit will be formed. Eventually, more than 6000 households will be benefited.
At least 100 farmers and 20 technicians trained, 500 booklets distributed on pig farming by 2013. For the first
year, training on general pig farming technologies will be provided. During selection of farmers, more than 75%
will be female while Dalit and Janajati participant will be at least 75%. In the second year, the same participants
will be participated as a refresher and course will be based on the problem they faced during the first year.
Up-scaling Pathways
The project will be jointly implemented by SODEC in close collaboration with DLSO, Sankhuwasabha, ARSPakhribas, Gramin BIkash Sangh, Sankhuwasabha, DDC, Sankhuwasabha and Khadbari Municipality.
Therefore, it has strong working team who are committed to provide services required for the implementation
and up scaling of the project activities. The project envisages “a team work” for the promotional pathway for
the uptake of the project output with prioritizing farmers role in the decision making process. All
collaborative partners including pig raising farming community will be encouraged participating actively
during training, implementation and output delivery. For the effective uptake of the project’s outputs
141
Technical level training, capacity building of the farmers, technician level training, booklets distribution,
disseminating findings in news papers and radio will be conducted along with creating platform for sharing
experience, information and knowledge through farmers to farmers.
Targeted Outputs:
1. Resource centre established and Pakhribas Pig in the district increased
2. Farming communities trained and Pig farming technology scaled-up
Activities
1.1 Baseline survey
1.2 Preliminary workshop
1.3 Construction of Pig shed
1.4 Procurement of piglet
1.5 Breeding management
1.6 Piglet marketing
1.7 Monitoring
2.1 Selection of farmers/group
2.2 Group mobilization
2.3 Technical level training
2.4 Farmers level training
2.5 Preparation &distribution of
booklets
2.6 Preparation of video
documentary
2.7 Data compilation and report
making
Progress status
100 households surveyed and report
prepared
Organized in first trimester of first
year
Total of 50 pig shed constructed
Total of 50 piglet (10 male & 40
female )procured and established
Not started
Not started
Have been conducting efficiently
Five farmers groups selected
Not started
Provided to 20 technicians
Provided to 85 farmers
Final phase of publication
Video recording works are doing
continuously
Have been doing periodically
Remarks
Report submitted
Organized at Khandbari
100% as of target but
renovation works will be
continues.
100% as of target
Not target so far
No target yet
continues
100% as of target
No target so far
Continues in following
year
Continues
Will be completed in next
trimester
Continues
Continues
• Baseline report has been prepared by conducting household survey of 100 households in the
Sankhuwasabha district.
• Five farmers groups having participatory farmers for rearing and establishment of resource centre of
pakhribas black pig in the district identified and selected.
• Capacity and skills of 85 participatory farmers and pig grower have been enhanced through
providing farmers level training on improved pig husbandry practices.
• Total of twenty technical staff were trained to guide participatory farmers properly and tackle the
problem facing by pig growers in the field efficiently.
• Fifty pig shed were constructed in the field of participatory farmers with providing major technical
and financial support from the project.
• Total of fifty piglets (10 male & 40 female) of pakhribas black pig have been distributed to the
participatory farmers of five location ( 2 male & 8 female in each) in the way of establishing
resource centre of pakhribas black pig in the district.
142
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Degraded Cultivated Land Management to improve Product and
Productivity for food Security in Arghakhanchi District
703/2009/10
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[email protected] : [email protected]
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Background
dfgljo ljsf;sf] nflu k|s[ltn] lbPsf ;|f]t dWo] g]kfndf # æhÆ hldg -v]tL of]Uo_, hn / h+un kof{Kt pknAw 5g .
s'n hg;+Vofsf] ^%=^ k|ltzt s[lifdf cfwfl/t ePsf]n] g]kfnsf] cfyL{s ljsfzsf] d]?b09 / bLuf] cfwf/ klxnf] æhÆ hldg_ xf]] eGg lxlRsrfph' kb}{g . s[lif If]qsf] ljsfzsf]nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] ljsfz vr{sf] lgs} 7"nf] c+z jif]{gL
nufgL ul//x]sf] 5 . t/ s]lx bzs cl3;Dd vfwfGg lgof{t ug]{ g]kfnkdf jif]{gL !,##,))) d]=6g vfwfGg cefj x'g]
u/]sf] 5 . c3f{vfFrL lhNnfdf aflif{s vfBfGg Go"gtf !#!&#=!# d]=6g\ /x]sf] 5 -s[ljsf c3f{vf+rL )^^_ . To;} u/L
g]kfnsf] dfgljo pkof]udf /x]sf] e"ldjf6 k|ltjif{ k|ltx]S6/ %‐@)) d]= 6g dlnnf] df6f] au]/ uPsf] b]lvG5 .
c3f{vfrL lhNnfdf klg s[lif ljsfzsf] nflu /;folgs dn ljifbLsf] k|of]u j9]sf] 5 . l;+uf] 8f8fnfO{ Pp6} kf6f]
agfO{Psf le/fnf] hldgdf jl9 vghf]t ug]{ v]lt k|0ffnL oyfjt 5 . u'0f:t/Lo k|fËf/Ls dnsf] pkof]uaf6 s[lif pTkfbg
j[l4 P+j df6f]sf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsg s'/f klg cfd ls;fg ;Dd k'u]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L sf]z]jfnL hftsf lj?jfsf]
pkof]u åf/f s[lif e"ldsf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 / IfoLs/0f lgoGq0f af/]df klg ls;fgx? ;hu ePsf] kfO{b}g .
le/fnf] hldgdf k|fËf/Ls dnsf] ;6\6f /f;folgs dnsf] cGwfw'Gw / c;Gtl'ng k|of]un] kxf8L If]qsf] s[lif e"ldsf]
IfoLs/0f al9 /x]sf] 5 . c3f{vfFrL lhNnfdf emg l;+u} 8f8fsf] Pp6f kf6f] jgfpg] k/Dk/fn] ubf{ cGoq eGbf jl9
IfoLs/0f ePsf] 5 . o; k|lqmofnfO{ ls;fgsf] ;+nUgtfdf lgoGq0f gug]{ xf] eg] s]xL jif{df d?e"dL kl/0ft x'g] b]lvG5 .
olx ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ of] cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .
Project Summary
le/fnf] hldgdf jl9 vghf]t ug]{ kg]{ afnL k|0ffnL, u'0f:t/xLg k|fËf/Ls dn jf cGwfw'Gw /;folgs dnsf] k|of]u jf6
g]kfnsf] s[life"ldsf] IfoLs/0f eO{/x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf s[lif e"lddf cToflws e"Ifo x'g] !@ lhNnf dWo] c3{vfFrL klg Ps
xf] .
pTkfbgdf cg's'n k|efj kfb}{ s[lif e"ldsf] ;+/If0f / u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ ug]{ k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo xf] . “ub}{ / l;Sb}
hfg]Æ tl/sf cjnDjg u/L ls;fgx?jf6} ;dtlno /]vfdf lhljt cfnL (contour line hedgerow) lgdf0f{, sf]z]jfnL v]tL j[l4,
k|fËf/Ls dnsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/4f/f bLuf] ?kdf df6f]sf] Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . o;jf6 s[lo pTkfbg / xl/of] 3fF;sf]
cfk"lt{df j[l4 x'g]5 . of] cof]hgf NARDF sf] “v]lt k|f0fnLsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug]{Æ p2]Zo cg's'n /x]sf] 5 . o;sf
pknAwLx?nfO{ ls;fgx? / ;~rf/ dfWofdsf] ;xof]udf jf:tljs pkef]Qmf ;Dd k'/fO{g] 5 .
o; cfof]hgfn] Ifltu|;t s[lif e"ldsf] Joj:yfkgåf/f s[lif j:t'sf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgf If]qdf ds}sf] xfnsf] pTkfbsTj @=* d]=6g\÷x]S6/ /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] cGTo;Dd cfof]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kn]
;+nUg #)) ls;fgx?sf] slDtdf #) x]S6/ jf/Ldf ds}sf] pTkfbsTj # d]=6g÷x]S6/ k'¥ofpg] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qdf
sf]z]jfnL sf] pTkfbg @) s]hL k|lt kl/jf/ /x]sf]df cfof]hgfsf] cGTo;Dddf $) s]hL÷jif{÷kl/jf/sf b/n] !@ d]=6g
sf]z]jfnLsf] pTkfbg x'g] cj:yf ;[hgf ul/g] 5 . lxp+bdf vfnL /xg] * x]S6/ hldgdf slDtdf %) 6g yk cfn' pTkfbg
x'g] 5 . o;jf6 cfof]hgf If]qsf] vfB ;'/Iffdf yk j[l4 x'g] 5 .
/fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]ifsf] p2]zo ævfB ;'/Iff clej[l4Æ / æv]tL k|0ffnLsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj
clej[l4 ug]{Æ k|fyldstf /x]sf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfn] ;+rfng ug]{ ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? kZrft cfof]hgf If]qdf ds}, cfn'
143
tyf sf]z]jfnLsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj b'j} j[l4 x'g]5 . t;y{ o; cfof]hgfn] /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]ifsf]
p2]Zo k|fyldstf If]qdf k|ToIf of]ubfg ug]{ 5 .
Beneficiaries
o; cfof]hgfsf d'Vo nfeflGjt ju{ eg]s]f # uf=lj=;=sf yf]/} / ?vf] kfvf] hldg ePsf !% ;d"xdf cfj4 #@) ;fgf
tyf ul/j ls;fgx? x'g]5g\ . k|:tfljt cfof]hgfndf ;+nUg x'g] ls;fgx? dWo] !% k|ltzt blnt, !) k|lt;t hghftL /
slDtdf @)) dlxnf ls;fg /xg] 5g\ . oL ls;fgx?n] cf+km\gf] hldgdf k/Dk/f b]lv ul/ cfPsf] v]tL k|0ffnLjf6 v]tL
ubf{ ePsf] v]tL of]Uo e"ldsf] IfoLs/0fjf6 hf]lug cfjZos 1fg, l;k, wf/0ff / k|ljlw l;Sg l;sfpg kfpg]5g\ . o;/L
l;s]sf] 1fg, l;k, tyf k|ljlwnfO{ k|of]u ul/ pko'Qm nfu]sf] ljlw÷k|ljlwnfO{ pkof]u ul/ cfkm\gf] hldgsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/
/ pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4eO{ nfeflGjt x'g]5g\ .
o;} ul/ cfof]hgf If]q j/k/ /x]sf cGo ls;fgx?n] klg cfof]hgf If]qdf ePsf s[ofsnfk tyf ultljlwjf/] ;f]w v]fh
ul/ ;]fjf6 k|fKt ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] hldgdf cg's/0f ul/ nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg]5g\ . To; jfx]s ;f]
cfof]hgfdf k|of]u ePsf] k|ljlw tyf cfof]hgfsf ;kmntf tyf l;sfO{ jf/] /]l8of]jf6 k|;f/0f x'g] ;"rgf hfgsf/Ljf6
cfof]hgf If]q jflx/sf xhf/f}+ ls;fgx? klg nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg]5g\ .
cfof]hgfdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L, ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx? klg cfof]hgf If]qdf ;+rflnt ljleGg lqmofsnfkjf6 k|fKt
l;sfO{ , ls;fgx?sf cg'e"tL, ef]ufO{ tyf l;sfO{ af/]df hfgsf/L kfO{ cfkm\gf] Ifdtf, bIftf clej[l4 ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt
ug]{5g\ .
Targeted Out puts and Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVIs)
Output 1 : s[lif e"ldsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/, clDnokgf sld tyf d'Vo vfB tTj -NPK_ sf] pknJwtfdf j[l4 x'g]5.
!=!= cfof]hgf;+u k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg #)) ls;fg kl/jf/n] cfkm\gf] jf/Ldf hLljt cfnL jGg] u/L sf]zLjfnL hftsf
8fn]3f+; tyf e'O{ 3f+; /f]k0f ul/ slDtdf ! /f]kgL hldgsf] df6f] au]/ hfgaf6 hf]ufPsf x'g]5g\ .
!=@= df6f]sf] gd"gf k/LIf0fdf b]vLg] dWod :t/sf] clDnPkgf ePsf hldg ;fdfGo :t/df, / Go"gtfsf] cj:yfdf
b]lvPsf NPK and Organic Matter df ;'wf/ eO{ dWod :t/df k'u]sf] x'g]5 .
Output 2 : ls;fgx?n] v]tLsf] nflu cf+km}n] pTkfbg ug]{ 3/]n' dndf vfBtTjsf] pknJwtf j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .
@=! cfof]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg #)) ls;fgsf] uf]7]dndf pknJw x'g] gfO{6«f]hg )=%Ü af6 j[l4 eO{ )=&%Ü
k'u]sf] x'g]5 .
@=@ cfof]hgf If]qdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg #)) ls;fgx?n] xfn ;+/If0fdf Wofg glbPsf] uf]7]dnnfO{ 3fd kfgL af6
;'/Iff / To;} v]/ kmfnL /x]sf] kz'd'qsf] ;+sng tyf ;b'kof]u ug]{ kl/kf6L j;fn]sf x'g]5g\ .
Output 3 : ls;fgx?sf] jfnL rqm k|0ffnL / afnL ;3gtfdf ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g]5 .
#=! cfof]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg #)) ls;fgn] slDtdf ! /f]kgL hldgdf ! k6s sf]z]jfnL v]tL nufpg] afnL
k|0ffnL ckgfPsf x'g]5g\ .
#=@ cfof]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg #)) ls;fgn] slDtdf !÷! /f]kgL kfvf} jf/Ldf df6f]sf] u'0f:t/ glju|g] ul/ #
v]tL k|0ffnL ckgfO{ /x]sf x'g]5g\ .
Output 4 : ;kmn / cg's/0fLo pknlJwx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf] x'g]5 .
$=! :yflgo tyf /fli6«o ;+rf/ dfWodjf6 cfof]hgfsf ;kmn pknJwLx/sf] k|sf;g tyf k|;f/0f ul/ /x]sf x'g]5g\ .
$=@ cfof]hgf If]q jflx/sf @)) ls;fgx?n] uf]7]dn ;'wf/ / kz'd'qsf] ;b'kof]u u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
Up-scaling Pathways
o; cfof]hgfdf :yfgLo uf=lj=;= tyf /fhg}lts kf6L{sf k|ltlglwx? ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf s[ifsx?sf] cg'ej cfbfg
k|bfg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . o;af6 uf=lj=;=sf lglt lgdf{tfx?df of] sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf / dxTj jf]w eO{ o;
k|sf/sf] sfo{qmdsf]nflu uflj;jf6 /sd ljlgof]hg ug{ pTk|]/0ff ldNg] 5 . o;/L ljlgof]lht /sdjf6 cfof]hgfsf cu'jf
s[ifs dfkm{t gofF gofF If]qdf cfof]hgfsf k|efjx? lj:tf/ eO{ lhljt cfnL lgdf{0f, uf]7]dn Joj:yfkg, kz'd"qsf]
;b'kof]u Pj+ sf]z]jfnL v]tL ug]{ ls;fgx?sf] ;+Vof j[l4 /xg] 5 .
cfof]hgf If]qdf k|fËf/Ls dnsf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug]{ ljlw k|ljlw l;sfOg] x'gfn] ls;fgx?n] k|fËf/Ls dndfq k|of]u u/L v]tL
ug{ pT;flxt eO{ o;jf6 ;f] If]q k|fËf/Ls v]tL ug]{ If]qsf] ?kdf ljsf; x'g]5 . c3f{vf+rLdf ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodjf6 s[lif
j:t'sf] jhf/ Joj:yfkg ug]{ k|lqmof cf/De eO{ ;s]sf]n] ls;fgx?nfO{ To:tf ;xsf/Ldf ;+nUg eO{ cfkm\gf] pTkfbg a]Rg
pTk|]/Lt ul/g] 5 . o;jf6 ls;fgx? Dfem cfof]hgfsf pknJwLx?sf] lg/Gt/tf sfod /xg] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf pknJwLx?nfO{ ;+rf/ dfWodjf6 k|rf/ k|;f/ ul/g] 5 . o;jf6 cfof]hgf If]q jflx/ klg of] ljlw k|ljlw
lj:tf/ x'g] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] cGTodf tof/ kf/Lg] >Jo b[Zo ;fdfu|L -Documentary_ jf6 klg cGo ls;fgx?n] l;Sg]
j'em\g] cj;/ k|fKt ug]{5g\ .
144
o; cfof]hgfn] s[ifsx?nfO{ df6f]sf] cj:yf / u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ ug]{ ljlw k|ljlw ckgfO{ v]tL ug{ nufp+bf cGg tyf
sf]z]jfnLsf] pTkfbg klg j[l4 x'g]5 . o;/L j[l4 ePsf] jfnLsf] klxnf] pkof]u stf{ :j+o ls;fgx? x'g]5g\ . o;jf6
pgLx?sf] cfkm\g} pTkfbgn] vfg k'Ug] ;dofjlwdf j[l4 x'g] x'gfn] ls;fgx?n] o; cfof]hgfsf pknJwLx?sf] lg/Gt/
;+/If0f / ljsf; u/L /xg]5g\ .
o; cfof]hgfn] ls;fgx?nfO{ df6f] Joj:yfkgdf afgL a;fpg] ul/ cEof; u/fpg] 5 . afgL a;L ;s]sf] ls;fgn] ;f]
ljlw k|ljlwnfO{ lg/Gt/ pkof]u u/L kmfO{bf lnO{ /xg] 5 . c?n] u/sf] k|ultsf] cg's/0f ug{ ls;fgx?nfO{ l;sfpg}
kb}{g . cfof]hgf If]qsf ls;fgx?n] k|of]u u/sf ljlw k|ljlwx?jf6 ePsf kmfO{bf b]v]sf pgLx?sf gftf uf]tf tyf
Oi6ldqn] ;lhn} cg';/0f ug]{5g\ . o;/L klg cfof]hgfsf pknJwLx/sf] k|;f/ tyf lj:tf/ x'g] 5 .
Activities Proposed
Activities
Progress status
!=!
!=@
!=#
!=$
!=%
!=^
!=&
@=!
@=@
@=#
@)^& cflZjg df ;DkGg
@)^& d+l;/df ;Dkgg
@)^& df3df ;DkGg
@)^& df3jf6 z'?jft eO{ /x]sf] lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;Grfng eO{ /x]sf]
@)^& df3jf6 z'?jft eO{ /x]sf] lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;Grfng eO{ /x]sf]
@)^& df3df ;DkGg
@)^& r}qjf6 z"?jft lg/Gt/ rln /x]sf]
@)^& r}qdf ;DkGg
@)^*c;f/df df ;DkGg, bf]>f] jif{sf] ;Grfng eO{ /x]sf]
@)^& d+l;/df ;DkGg
k|yd jif{sf] @)^& r}qdf ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf]
bf]>f]jif{sf] lg/Gt/ rln /x]sf]
@)^* r}qdf df ;DkGg ePsf], bf]>f] jif{sf] z"? eO{ /x]sf]
k|yd jif{sf] @)^* c;f/df ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf], bf]>f] jif{sf] @)^(
c;f/df ug]{ tof/L eO{ /x]sf]
k|yd jif{sf] @)^* c;f/df ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf], bf]>f] jif{sf] @)^(
c;f/df ug]{ tof/L eO{ /x]sf]
@)^& efb| b]vL lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfof]hgfsf ultljlw, pknlJwx? tyf To;
;DjlGw ;dfrf/ :yflgo b]p/fnL Pkm=Pd=jf6 k|;f/0f x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
xfn ;Dd ePsf s[ofsnfkx? c3f{vf+rL 86 sd n] /]s8{ ul/ ;Dkfbg
sfo{ eO{ /x]sf], t]>f] jif{sf] k|yd rf}dfl;sdf k|;f/0f ug]{ ul/ tof/L ul/
/x]sf]
kl/of]hgf l6d, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{no, lhNnf e' ;+/If0f sfo{nojf6
lgoldt ?kdf eO{ /x]sf]
sfo{qmdjf/] hfgsf/L
cfwf/e"t tYof+s ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f
s[ifs tflnd
lhljt cfnL gd"gf k|b{zg
lhljt cfnL lgdf{0f cleofg
df6f] kl/If0f tyf s[lif r"gsf] k|of]udf ;xof]u
Plss[t vfB tTj Joj:yfkg s[ifs kf7zfnf
uf]7]dn Joj:yfkg ;d'x tflnd
sDkf]i6 dn tyf xl/of] dn pTkfbg / pkof]u
kz'd"q ;b'kof]u cleofg
#=! sf]z]jfnL v]tL s[ifs tflnd
#=@ s[ifssf] cu'jfO{df glthf k|b{zg
$=! s[ifs cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg sfo{qm
$=@ lhNnf :tl/o ;dGjo j}7s
$=# ;+rf/ dfWodjf6 k|rf/ k|;f/
$=$ >Jo b[Zo ;fdfu|L pTkfbg / k|;f/0f
$=% cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg
1. afnL rqm k|0ffnL / afnL ;3gtfsf]nflu ls;fgx?nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ sfo{ eO{ /x]sf] 5 .\
2. @&^ ls;fgx?n] kz'd'q ;+sngsf]nflu esf/f] ghLs} vf8n vg]/ d'q ;+sng ul/ cfkm\gf] jf/Ldf k|of]u ul/
/x]sf 5g\ .\
3. cfof]hgf If]qsf @$& hgf s[ifssf] df6f]sf] gd"gf kl/If0f ul/ ;lsPsf] 5 .
4. cfof]hgf If]qsf #)) ls;fgn] cfkm\gf] hldgdf sf]z]jfnL v]tL nufpg z'?jft u/]sf 5g\ .
5. cfof]hgf;+u k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg #)) ls;fg kl/jf/n] cfkm\gf] jf/Ldf hLljt cfnL sf] nflu cfZos j]gf{
tof/Lsf] nflu g;{/L :yfkgf u/]sf 5g\ .
6. cfof]hgf If]qsf ls;fgx?n] xfn ;+/If0fdf Wofg glbPsf] uf]7]dnnfO{ 3fd kfgL af6 ;'/Iff / To;} v]/ kmfnL
/x]sf] kz'd'qsf] ;+sng tyf ;b'kof]u ug{ yfn]sf 5g\
7. s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, :yflgo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/
/x]sf] 5 . NARDF Project Compilation Report - 2012
145
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Improving household income and livelihood of rural farmers groups
through postharvest handling and processing of HVC crops in
Kusaha Laxminiya, Hanuman nagar pra-dha and Pipra pra-dha
VDCs of Siraha district of eastern Nepal
PP 704/2009/10
Mr Satya Nrayan Shah
Mohanpur Kamalpur-6, Siraha
9852831093
NA
[email protected]
1. District Development Committee, Siraha
2. District Agriculture Development Office, Siraha
3. Village Development Committee, Kusaha Laxminiya
4. Village Development Committee, Hanuman nagar pra-dha
5. Village Development Committee, Pipra pra-dha
2067. 05. 23
2069. 05.22
End Date:
NRs. 19,96,032.00
Mohanpur Kamalpur-6, Siraha
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Siraha is one of the 16 districts of the Eastern Development Region (EDR) of Nepal. The district is situated in
the southern part of the country where alluvial soil of Gangatic plain with tropical climatic condition make
the district the most promising agricultural land in the country. Agriculture is the main and traditional
occupation of the habitant and takes major stakes of the household (HH) income. Beside cereal grains which
generally used as staple food; fruits, vegetable, and spices also called as high value crops (HVC) are the major
source of HH earnings. Area covered by the HVCs in the district is about 15 percent only; nevertheless its
coverage is increasing at faster rate compare to cereals.
The district possesses 73913 ha of agricultural land of which only 60757 ha land is being used for cultivation.
About 80.52 percent population has agriculture as a main occupation and 31.82 % resident survive below
poverty line in the district (DADO, Siraha, 2065). Significant habitants of these sites are Dalit and OBC casts
- Paswan, Chamar, Tatma, Khatabe, Dhobi, Tharu chaudhary. The proportion of HHs having the land holding
of below 0.25 ha is dominating; 31.82 %, and below 0.5 ha is about 31.73 %. Involvement of female in
agriculture in the district surpasses male and goes as maximum as 84.44 per cent. The district has fairly
developed road linkage and most of them are graveled serving as artery for the agriculture development. The
district is linked with Indian border which accelerate the market network for agricultural commodities.
Likewise, east-west highway passes through the district linking with remaining parts of the nation. HVCs
especially green vegetables (Cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, radish, guards, beans etc) are the major source of
household earning and livelihood for rural poor. They offer potentialities for high income per unit area in
areas of acute land scarcity with favorable income generation, poverty reduction and environmental effects.
Several high value vegetable crops like tomato, cabbage, cauliflowers, beans, hot papers, vegetables, potato,
etc are being intensively cultivated in the proposed VDCs. Due to the road connectivity in almost all VDCs of
the district and outsides vegetable products are fairly getting markets. Development of market facility in road
accessible areas of the district provides work opportunity and cash income to the different layers of the rural
people.
Nonetheless, farmers of the district particularly in the proposed VDCs do not getting maximum benefit from
vegetable growing as they lack knowledge on post-harvest processing and handling of the crops (DADO A/R,
20664/65). Limited knowledge on handling, packaging, transporting, storage and processing of vegetable;
growers are compel to sell commodities in cheaper prices as they are perishable in nature and cannot kept a
146
long duration. It is continuously felt that limited knowledge and awareness and poor technical knowhow about
the post-harvest processing and market networking, these farmers are not receiving proper benefit from the
vegetable farming. Such issues have been constantly rising in Regional Agriculture Technical Working Group
meeting in Biratnagar and Tarahara (RATWG) and in district level workshop organized by the DADO and
DDC Siraha (Workshop reports-DADO, DDC, Siraha, 2007). Considering the challenges and related
opportunity to the rural farmers NARDF has also put this topic in his list of priority. So, it is the high time to
take this opportunity for the benefit of those rural farmers whose livelihood solely depends on the vegetable
farming in small land holdings with limited knowledge on postharvest management and processing and access
to the market being more and more competitive.
The project aims to improve the livelihood and socio-economic status of the farmers residing in the 3 selected
VDCs and involved in the vegetable growing in particular and in the Siraha district in general. By aiming that,
the project will attempt to improve the marketable quality of vegetable produces by implication of advance
post-harvest processing and handling technologies in the rural farming. Similarly, it will manage to minimize
post-harvest looses which farmers are facing right from farm to marketing. Though, few progressive farmers
of the district are trying to manage the problem, however, lack of skills and knowledge about the post harvest
handling and processing and awareness from the grass root level of the growers limiting the success in this
regards. Limited knowledge on market information, pricing structure and weak linkage with stakeholders,
suppliers and buyers are another part of coin loosing farm income. In this scenario, the project aims to
improve the knowledge and skills of farmers and create awareness about post harvest works, quality attributes
of the products and its market value, and the relation with all stakeholders including financial institutions.
However, some specific purposes are as follows:
• Social mobilization and group formations including awareness campaigns on social equity issues,
project interventions, and group management skills, and identification of development opportunities,
and promote mixed or women only groups to enhance the participations of women;
• Identification of existing and potential vegetable crop production area and marketing points and
clustering of farmers by commodities to attain economies of scale in production and ease of looking
for markets with sufficient volume that will match the needs of the clients;
• Vocational and technical training on producing identified on and off-season vegetables and postharvest practices for better market quality and shelf life;
• Capacity building in market awareness (quality, supply requirements, prices, bargaining
skills/capacity) and assist in linking farmers groups or clusters to the market;
• Assist farmer groups in production planning in relation to market demand;
• Assist farmer groups in keeping simple farm record books of expenses and income for farm planning
and budgeting;
• Networking of farmers groups with quality input (seed, fertilizer, machinery, insecticide, pesticides)
suppliers, traders, processors, and public and private service providers including the Department of
Agriculture (DOA), local based organizations and rural finance institutions;
• Providing the farmers with skill based training in areas such as transport, packaging (weaving of
baskets for transport), production (on farm labor), primary processing (product washing and drying),
tool making and servicing (repair of small equipment)
Beneficiaries
The immediate beneficiaries of the project will be the rural HHs of the farmers’ groups – 3 groups in each
cluster with 20 to 25 farmers in each group - from all 3 clusters of the project sites as their involvement is
envisaged in almost all project activities. Their participation makes them aware about methodology of
activities, implementation procedures, project outputs and the dissemination process. At least 225 HHs and
farm families from 3 VDCs who will be involved for the programme activities would be the prime
beneficiaries of the project. By using project outputs they will receive extra benefit from their post harvest and
marketing practices and improving their earnings. Improvement in quality of marketable products,
minimizing post harvest and transportation losses and market assurance ensures them for better profit
147
margin. Similarly, households of adjacent VDCs which number would be much greater will also be benefited
from the project outputs. The ultimate beneficiaries of the research findings would be the entire farm
communities of the VDCs and the district, entrepreneurs, line agencies, brokers, middleman, input suppliers,
local NGOs, CBOs, cooperatives, and other concerned, who can adopt this technology and make extra benefit
for their livelihood. Skill development training on postharvest handling and processing of HVC commodities which are planned in
the project activities for participant farmers provide them sustainable way of earnings and those activities
similarly support for agricultural operations and marketing creating the new avenue for initiation or
intensification of commercialization process in the district. All these people will be benefited from the project
outputs. Farmers from minority, other backward casts, janjati, dalit, women which the project is targeted will
also be benefited from the project outputs as their involvement will receive high priority during the farmers’
selection and group formation. So, it is anticipated that the project activities and outputs directly influences
and benefit to the farmers from the grass root level who are the most vulnerable and needy ones in these days.
There are three major outputs of this project. The objectively verifiable indicators for those outputs are listed
and explained as under:
1. At least 50 % postharvest losses of high value crops (cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, radish, guard, bean)
controlled/minimized in compare to current in the 3 command areas of the project district by 2012. The
farm HHs involved in the project implementation will acquire ample knowledge and field-based
experiences to cope up with such loses and feel the benefit gained from the process.
2. At least 80 % quality attributes of marketable vegetable (HVC) commodities improved by the end of
project period 2012. It is expected that the quality of rural produced vegetables will improve drastically by
introducing simple farm fit techniques and knowledge as well as local materials.
3. At the end of project period 2012 at least 1 video documentary and about 1250 printing material about
project outputs prepared and published. In order to make the intervened technology more popular and
reliable not limiting to the project sites, it is planned to make effective and tangible extension materials
both in the form of electronic and print media. These released materials certainly influences the
surrounding community of rural farmers towards vegetable farming in a new way where they can fetch
more farm get price and consequently more economic benefit for their family.
Up-scaling Pathways
Various activities are envisaged in order to make the project outputs more broad and adoptive. Basically third
output is designed for the promotion of project outcomes to wider auditory. In which, preparation of booklets,
leaflets and posters, snapping a documentary film based on success story, organization of visit and interaction
programs of farmers group other than the project sites to the warehouse and markets-one group to one cluster
having 50 HHs representative, use of local FM for broadcasting of project results-at least one broadcasting
from each cluster and finally a workshop including all stakeholders, project partners and beneficiaries for the
discussion of project outputs and for development of future action plan will be proposed. Besides, visit of a
multi stakeholders group (DADO, DDC, VDC, Political parties representative etc) to the project implemented
sites at the end of each year activity also support to increase the magnitude of project results. Direct
involvement of farmers in almost all activities will assure the absorption of project outputs in quicker rate and
wider scale. Visit of non-participant farmers other than the project sites to the project implementing areas will
certainly make the radius of scaling widen and more prominent. The extension material altogether will be at
least 1250 in numbers. Trimester wise technical and financial reports, annual reports and completion reports
will be prepared and submitted timely and as requested by NARDF secretariat. Detail of its number is
presented in D3. So, it is believed that all these planned promotion path ways positively fulfill the need of
uptake and up scaling of project outputs
Targeted Outputs:
The proposed project has targeted to achieve basically 3 major tasks towards improving the household
incomes of the HVC growers and concerned stakeholders. The objective will be met by improving the
148
postharvest handling and processing of HVC commodities, their marketing channelization and improving the
quality of produces. Improving in these sectors the overall marketable produces will fetch higher prices and
similarly their volume of supply will increase considerably as intermediate looses minimized significantly.
Emergence of well organized farmers’ group in a cluster with a common goal of improving quantity and
quality of HVCs through applying improved practices and technologies will be an essence of this project.
1. Farmers will be well aware of careful harvesting, proper packaging, storage, transport, sanitation and
conducting successful marketing with functional relation with all concerned stakeholders leading to
additional income from the products. Till now they have very limited knowledge about the process of
postharvest handling and processing technology compelling to lose considerable amount of benefit
from the business. The published materials in the form of booklets, posters and even handouts will
create awareness and skills to the farmers’ both of project related and fringed from adjoining VDCs
which will undoubtedly enhance their margins of vegetable farming
Activities
Progress status
Remarks
1.1 Identification of Three Wards 3, 1 and 9 of Pipra pra.dha VDC, V.D.C. level
targeted project Ward Nos 7,8,9 of Hanuman Nagar pra.dha VDC information were
households and and Ward Nos (5,6), 8 and 9 of Kush Laxminiya collected in
VDC were selected for project activities.
consultation with
intervention domain major stakeholders;
DADO, Women
Developments
Office, DDC, NGOs
and CBOs in the
areas.
1.2 Preparation of socio‐ A questionnaires set comprising of 20 questions
economic profile of covering different aspects of household and HVC
farming were developed. Orientation Program
households regarding project purpose and its implementing
VDCs was conducted involving major stakeholders;
DADO, Women Developments Office, DDC, NGOs
and CBOs in the areas. Representatives of political
parties were also involved in the orientation
program. All the stakeholders had common
agreement on the importance of high value
vegetable commodities; its post harvest loss
management and development of proper market
networks for uplifting socio economic condition of
the farm families involved in Siraha district. House
hold survery was conducted in all 9 selected VDCs.
1.3 Creation of farmers’ VDC level meetings were organized at Pipra
clusters by HVC pra.dha, Hanuman Nagar pra.dha and Kusha
commodities and Laxminiya VDCs for selection of farmers’ group.
farmers’ groups; Three vegetable Farmers’ Groups were selected at
social mobilization Ward Nos 3, 1 and 9 of Pipra pra.dha VDC. Three
and awareness vegetable Farmers’ Groups were selected at Ward
campaigns, and Nos 5, (5,7) and (7,8,9) of Hanuman Nagar pra.dha
VDC. Likewise, three vegetable Farmers’ Groups
orientation about the were selected at Ward Nos (5,6), 8 and 9 of Kush
program Laxminiya VDC. Altogether 9 groups were selected
for the implementation of project activities. Groups
were formed based on the households having similar
type of agricultural occupations or farming
149
1.4 Identification of problems, opportunity and needs of the farmers on cultivated HVC commodities including marketing 1.5 Organization of skill development training, production technology training and post harvest trainings including storage losses 1.5 Organization of skill development training, production technology training and post harvest trainings including storage losses commodities especially vegetables. In each group,
25 farmers have been selected.
Problems raised in KIS and Focus group discussions
among farmers in groups were prioritized. These are
as follows:
i. Problems in the field with regards to production
Lack of proper production technology among
growers.
Unfavorable environment (draught and flood)
Lack of knowledge on growers regarding proper
variety selection of vegetables as per season
A two days training were conducted in Pipra,
Hanuman nagar and Kusaha VDCs of Siraha district
starting from the 2nd week of Baisakh. In each VDC,
18 vegetable growers, 6 from each cluster were
included in the training. Altogether, 54 growers in
Siraha district participated in the training.
Need assessment of the farming clusters according
to market condition was done, primarily for
appropriate packaging materials for transporting
HVCs.
All the purchased goods were distributed to
participating farmers group.
2.1 Creation of awareness
training on quality attributes
of cultivated HVC products
with market demand,
environment and public
health
An awareness training/workshop was conducted at
Pipra Pradha, ward no 4, On 5th of Bhadra, 2068.
Altogether 30 participating farmers from clusters are
selected and included in the training/workshop.
Major areas discussed were quality of produce that
market demands, possible use of agriculture
inputs/chemicals to enhance keeping quality and
possible environmental and public health issues
related with agriculture inputs.
A survey was conducted during the last week of
Sharwan to find out the local and distant market
points for the possible disposal of the produce,
information about buyers and suppliers, market
operating system were also collected.
A Short survey conducted to collect market needs
on quality aspects of HVCs from nearby markets
and possible demands of the value added products in
2.3 Introduction of grading,
sorting, seizing, packaging,
washing, drying and other
150
A two days training were conducted in Pipra,
Hanuman nagar and Kusaha VDCs of Siraha district
starting from the 2nd week of Baisakh. In each VDC,
18 vegetable growers, 6 from each cluster were
included in the training. Altogether, 54 growers in
Siraha district participated in the training.
1.6 Support for market
matching program with local
packaging, storage and
transporting materials for
marketable commodities
2.2 Identification of market
points, buyers, suppliers inand-outsides of the district
post-harvest operations based
on market need and
consumer demand
2.4 Organizing interaction
and visit programs for
farmers’ group (to the
market, buyer, wholesalers,
processors and traders)
2.5 Networking of farmers
groups with input (seed,
fertilizer, machinery,
insecticide, pesticides)
suppliers, traders, processors,
and public and private
service providers including
the District level line
agencies, research
institutions and rural finance
institutions
2.6 Organization of sharing
and interaction programs
among farmers' group and
farmers' clusters
3.1 Develop extension
materials in the form of
booklets, leaflets and posters
the market. Based on the information from market
demands and needs necessary input supplies (plastic
bags, jute bags, washing tubs, and irrigation pipes
for washing) were purchased and distributed.
Among all members of the farmers group, ten from
each group were selected (altogether 30) and taken
to the visit program at local as well as near by
markets to meet and interact with wholesalers,
processors and traders.
An interaction meeting was organized at office of
RCDO to develop networking of participating
farmers with input suppliers. All major suppliers
from district, DADO and other line agencies and
NGOs were invited in the meeting.
A sharing and interaction programs /meeting was
organized among participating farmers clusters to
share and discuss the issues related to post harvest
handling of HVCs , learning till now and
effectiveness of this project.
One book on post-harvest handling of vegetables (in
Nepali) was prepared, printed and distributed to
participating farmers. Similarly one booklet and one
leaflets (500 each) were printed and distribute to
farmers and stakeholders.
Project achievement:
Following are the achievements attained by this project till date:
A detailed Socio-economic profile of the project domain was developed.
Three farmers group dealing with high value commodity was formed for long term purpose.
Major problems on HVCs of the project domain, well documented.
Farmers group are well oriented for the importance of post-harvest operation and their importance for loss
minimization.
Conduction of nine skill development trainings on post harvest handling.
Distribution of materials needed for post-harvest operations
One book on post-harvest handling, one leaflet and one poster was printed (500 each) and distributed to
stakeholders.
Preparation of training Manuel on handling of HVCs.
151
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Women Entrepreneurship Development on Vegetables Production
using Value Chain Approach in Makawanpur
705/2009-10
Keshav Prasad Shrestha
Women Empowerment and Skill Development Centre, Manahari-5,
Pratappur, Makawanpur, Nepal
014412840 (O), 9841603221 Chairman
9851112805 / 9741046691 (Coordinator)
[email protected]
1 DADO, Makawanpur
2 Manahari Village Development Committee
Sept 9, 2010
End Date:
June 2013
NRs. 1995,000:00 (Nineteen lakh ninety five thousands only)
Manahari VDC
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Vegetable farming is one of the potential sources of income and a reliable means for the reduction of poverty
and malnutrition persisting over the hills of Nepal (AEC, 2006). Higher market opportunity and market price
have attracted the farmers in the vegetable production enterprise. On the one hand vegetable significantly
improved the livelihood of rural farmers, one the other hand it has accelerated the new trend of heavy use of
chemical fertilizer and pesticides and is creating many negative effects on the environment, eco-system and
human health (Budathoki et al., 1999). If such trend continues, new generations will face many threats for
managing natural resources and environment. In consequence, the sustainability in the agriculture production
will be in peril. Increasing use of agro-chemicals, higher production cost and deteriorating ecosystem health
have advocated the need to change traditional and external input use agriculture towards safe and sustainable
organic production (Bhatta, 2009). Therefore, organic vegetable production as an important alternative is to
be encouraged. Government has also given thrust in organic production of agricultural commodities and
prioritized use of organics in all policies and programs (MoAC, 2065).
Chepangs and other Janajati along with Dalits are excluded from main stream socio-political arena and
categorized as the poorest of the poor in Nepal. They posses very small land holding but have own rich
traditional values, practices and culture. These people are still practicing traditional farming system on the
basis of locally available natural resources, particularly for the management of soil and insect pests. Some
indigenous knowledge and skills are being practiced in the rural communities for vegetable production
(DADO, Makawanpur, 2064). Thus, a small effort could encouragement them to produce towards organic
vegetable which would be highly advantageous to them and the nation as well. In the line, the project has
been proposed for Chepang, Tamang, Rai and Dalit communities that government has identified as the most
disadvantaged ethnic groups in the country. Thus, this project will be implementing along the highway road
corridor areas of Manahari VDC of Makawanpur in order to raise the socio-economic condition of the people
through development of towards organic vegetable enterprise for the women of the disadvantaged ethnic
groups. There are many successful stories of transformation of traditional farming system to commercial one
in road corridors and Shiduwa Multiple Cooperative Limited in Dhankuta along Tehrathum-Dharan is the best
example (Chapagain and Khatiwada, 2004).
Promotion of organic oriented vegetables for the Janajati (Chepang, Tamang and Rai) and dalit women
of Makawanpur district
The main purpose of the project is to transform traditional subsistence farming system to organic oriented
vegetable production and establish it as a commercial farm enterprise for the benefit of marginalized and
152
disadvantaged Chepang and other Janajati and Dalit ethnic people in Manahari VDC of Makawanpur district.
The underemployment is high among Women, Dalit and Janajati ethnic people due to discriminatory sociocultural systems (Pun, 2008). To empower the nationally disadvantaged ethnic groups socially as well as
economically, the project will impart the technology of organic oriented vegetable production by applying
local inputs and experiences with limited use of external fertilizer and pesticides. An extensive field
demonstration of organic oriented production technology for vegetable crops will be carried out along with
the trainings.
Locally available resources for the manures and bio-pesticides will be utilized. Thus, the project will
contribute in developing sustainable vegetable production pockets in Makawanpur for higher return from the
increased market price of Terai urban areas and Kathmandu. The project also generates rural employment,
support family nutrition and improve socio-economic condition of the Chepang, Dalit and Janajati community
of project location.
Beneficiaries
In Manahari VDC, Janajati including Chepang occupies 8,604 (62%) of total population of Manahri VDC.
Similarly, Dalit holds 910 (6.58%) population of the VDC. Within the Janajati Tamang, Chepang and Rai ethnich
group hold 37.8, 7.73 and 6.25 percent population of the VDC. Therefore, these ethnic group are the immediate
beneficiaries of this project. The project outputs will generate employment and income to the 300 rural people to
the disadvantaged community, so living standard of the people would be improved. Particularly, women farmers
will be involved in the project and get trained supported by the male members of the households. Thus, they will
have cash return from vegetable production throughout the year and eventually be empowered.
The project will contribute to the sustainable resource management and environmental conservation in the
district. In district, region, and national prospective, the demand of vegetables is increasing, thus the project
would play a great role in fulfillment of domestic demand that could support tourism. Export promotion is
another potential area if we could make this enterprise competitive by quality as well as quantity. Therefore,
directly or indirectly, business sector as well as tourism sector would be greatly influenced.
The extension agents and researchers related to the organic oriented vegetable production will get the
information of organic oriented vegetable production that could be incorporated in their future programs.
Similarly, the information would be advantageous to the educational sector to be used as teaching material.
About 300 farmers, more than 20 vegetable traders and 1,00,000 consumers of vegetable are considered as the
maor beneficiaries of the project.
1.1 Value Chain study of Cauliflower, Cabbage, Beans and Gourds completed and report submitted to
NARDF by December 2010.
1.2 Baseline survey of at least 200 households completed, analyzed and report submitted to the NARDF
by December 2010.
1.1 Year round production of organic oriented vegetables continued by VGG by 2013.
3.1 Four organic manures and four botanical pesticides adopted by the farmers by February 2012.
4.1 At least 300 farmers get organic oriented technologies by July 2013.
4.2 By May 2013, at least 100 farmers get trained on organic oriented vegetable production technologies.
4.3 One video documentary based on organic oriented vegetabl production published by April 2013.
4.4 By July 2013 at least 1000 leaflets and pictorial poster on organic orinetd vegetable production
technologies published and distributed.
4.5 By June 2013, 500 CDs of one vedeo documentary on organic oriented vegetable production
technology published and distributed to the stakeholder..
153
Up-scaling Pathways
The proposed promotion pathways for the uptake of the project outputs include the provision of i)
Demonstrations of organic oriented vegetable production packages ii) training to the farmers and market
information acquiring system and knowledge of working in cooperative associations to the farmers iii) Field
observational study visit iv) publication of reading materials and video documentary.
All the proposed outputs will be generated in partnership with research organization, government extension
organization which will directly connect with a large number of end users. However, farmers adopted
technology will be distributed to the other 200 non participating farmers in the Lothar-Manhari-hetauda road
corrdor of in the thord year of the project. Hence total direct beneficiesries will be about 300.
This information will be made available to local government development offices (DADO, NARC, and
DDCs), NGOs working in the area and VDCs. All the concerned stakeholders of the value chain will be
closely connected and motivated. The published leaflets and poster along with the Vedeo documentary about
the organic oriented production technology will be distributed the related GOs and I/NGOs for further
dissemination of the technolgy. In this ways maximum number of farmers will get the successful information
of this project for their motivation.
The project will develop model organic oriented production villages and even attract agro-tourism which will
be beneficial in dissemination of project outputs.
1. Targeted Outputs:
1.
Baseline Survey and Value Chain Study on Organic Off-season Vegetables Completed: Complete
value chains study of three vegetables (Cauliflower, Cabbage, and Tomato) studied for the sustainability
of organic oriented vegetable production and marketing. Baseline survey with 200 household has been
completed including participating and non participating farmers for the impact assessment.
2.
Production Packages of Vegetables Production Demonstrated: Production packages and calendar of
operation of proposed vegetables are being demonstrated in second year and farmers’ are producing
organic oriented vegetables throughout the year in the rotation.
3.
IMP and Soil Management practice through Organic Resources Demonstrated: IPM technologies
for the production of proposed vegetables being demonstrated for the sustainable organic oriented
vegetable production and marketing.
4. Project Outputs Scaled-up: FFS, training, and publication of leaflet, pictorial poster and broadcasting
through FM radio and TV programs for the scaling-up of promising technologies will be conducted for
the dissemination of technologies. Project Status Reports:
Activities
Activity
1.1:
Baseline Survey
Activity 1.2: Value
Chain Study
Activity
2.1:
154
Progress status
The semi-structured interview schedule/questionnaires were prepared,
pre-tested and comments were incorporated. Finally, baseline survey of
200 household has been completed as per the plan. The participating
farmers were selected purposively as a sample household and
remaining household were selected randomly. The data collected are
being entered in the computer using SPSS computer software package
for the analysis. The survey report will be submitted in next trimester.
Value chain study on cauliflower, cabbage, tomato and gourds
vegetables has been completed.
Formation of three groups has been completed. The name and address of
Remarks
Activities
Group Formation
Activity
2.2:
Demonstration of
Vegetable
Production
Technology
Activity
2.3:
Benefit-Cost Ratio
Activity
3.1:
Demonstration of
Organic Manures
Activity
3.2:
Demonstration of
Botanical
Pesticides
Activity
3.3:
Demonstration of
Organic Manures
Activity
Scaling
Technologies
4.1:
up
Activity
4.2:
Farmers
School
Activity
Monitoring
Evaluation
Field
4.3:
and
Progress status
these groups are: (i) Hariyali Commercial Women Farmers Group,
Manahari 5 and 6 (ii) Kalika Commercial Women Farmers Group,
Manahari 9, Deukot; and (iii) Chepang Farmers Group, Manahari 3 and 4
Manahari Bazar.
Demonstrations of Cauliflower, Cabbage, Tomato and Gourds
vegetables (Bitter gourd, Bottle gourd, Sponge gourd and Cucumber)
are continued in the farmers’ field. The farmers are happy with the off
season (early) production of cabbage, cauliflower, tomato and gourds
vegetables due to higher market price.
Remarks
Benefit cost analysis of Cauliflower and Tomato has been done
produced by the farmers. The benefit-cost analysis of tomato for rainy
season under the plastic shed has sown 1:3.67. Similarly, the benefit
cost ratio of Cauliflower has also shown the ration of 1:2.36. Therefore,
the both the technologies are far better in this locality for the income
generation. At the same time opportunity cost of labor, land and use of
local materials are also additional benefit for which cost has calculated.
Demonstration of organic manures is continued in the farmer’s field.
They FYM, compost as well as chicken and goat manures are being
demonstrated. They are also using animal urine for the top dressing of
the vegetables crops. The uses of urine as spray also work as manures
as well as pesticide.
Demonstration of botanical pesticides has also being conducted. The
farmers are using insecticides made from the Neem. However, some of
the farmers had also used fungicides for the protection of diseases in
the cauliflower. Use of cattle urine is being common as spray which is
also worked as organic pesticides as well as manures.
Demonstration was done in the field of Ram Lal Giri at Manahri-4 and
Sabitri Giri at Manahari-9, Deukot. However, there were no major insect
problems therefore effect of pheromone trap has not demonstrated
properly.
Scaling-up of off season production of Cucumber, Bitter gourd, Bottle
gourd, and Sponge gourd has been conducted in Manahari and
Basanadi VDC. Nursery was kept in five places namely Basamadi,
Deukot, Manhari, Pratappur and Ramauli and seedling has been
distributed to the 90 households. The Agriculture Service Centre,
Manahari of DADO, Makwanpur was involved for the distribution of
seedlings. All together 5344 (five thousand thee hundred fourty four
seedling has been distributed.
Farmers Field School as training are also continued. The major topic of
trainings was organic off-season production technology of Cauliflower,
Cabbage, Tomato, Cucumber, Bitter gourd, Bottle gourd and Sponge
gourd. The training are based on the practical and participatory manner.
About 90 female and male farmers got training. During the training use
of different organic manures, their preparation and effectiveness were
also taught.
Monitoring and evaluation of field activities has been conducting
regularly. Project coordinators and its team including representative
from ASC Manahari has visited several times in the field and given
appropriate suggestion to the vegetable demonstrator. However, the
representative from the NARDF has monitored the field activities.
155
Activities
Activity 4.3: Video
Documentary
Activity
4.3:
Publication
and
Publicity
Progress status
As this is the second year of the project, the video clips has been taken
and kept for further editing for the preparation of video documentary.
Inception report and trimester reports of the project are being submitted
to the NARDF office in regular basis. During the Farmers Field
School, organic production technology of Cauliflower, Cabbage and
Tomato and gourds vegetables prepared and distributed to the
participants.
Remarks
• Baseline survey of 100 households in project location conducted and report prepared and submitted
to the NARDF.
156
•
Value chain study proposed vegetables like Tomato, cauliflower, cabbage and cucurbits were carried
out and report submitted to the NARDF office.
•
The three groups have been formed and they gave started saving and credit withing their own groups
•
Demonstration of all the proposed vegetables have been made and farmers are produced early
vegetables and fetched better market price and Benefit cost ration of 1:3.67 for tomato and 1:2.36 for
cauliflower.
•
Capacity and skills of 75 participatory farmers on organic oriented vegetable production have been
enhanced through providing them FFS training.
•
Vermi-compost performed best among the other tested organic manures. However, use of cattle urine
is found better for the top dressing and supplementary use of manures and well as control of insectpest as well.
•
The insecticide made from the neem have found better to control insect in general.
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
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lhNnf dsjfgk'/ xl6of uflj; j8f g+ (
cfof]hgfsf] k[i7e"ld
dsjfgk'/ lhNnfdf @)%* ;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ !(%@*# dlxnf / !(&$^$ k'?if ul/ hDdf #(@&$&
hg;+Vof 5 . hflto lx;fan] x]bf{ oxf+ tfdfË hflt -$&=#$ k|ltzt_ sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 eg] blnt hfltsf] pkl:ylt
klg oxf+ $=@& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . /fO{, bg'jf/ / dfemL h:tf cflbaf;L hftLsf] oxf+ @=(# k|ltzt hg;+Vof /x]sf] o;
lhNndf a|fXd0f, If]qL, g]jf/, du/, u'?Ë / ofbj hftLx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . wfld{s lx;fjn] x]bf{ o; lhNnfdf lxGb',
lqmlZrog, af}4 wd{ / d'lZnd ;Dk|bfosf dflg;x?sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . ->f]t MlhNnf k|f]kmfOn @)^^, lhlj; dsjfgk'/ _
ljsf;sf b[li6af6 x]bf{ a|fXd0f, If]qL, g]jf/, du/, ofbj / u'?Ë cGo hflt eGbf lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfo, /f]huf/ tyf
kx'+rsf lx;fan] cuf8L /x]sf] 5 eg] oL ;a} s'/fx?df blnt hflt k5f8L k/]sf] 5 . lzIffsf] b[li6n] clt g} lk5l8Psf] /
u/LjLsf] cj:yf x]bf{ clwsf+z blntx? hUufljlxg jf sd hUuf ePsf / jif{e/L vfg gk'Ug] cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ .
cfly{s ?kn] k'?ifsf] :yfg cuf8L ePtf klg blnt k'?ifsf] cj:yf k5f8L k/]sf] o; ;d'bfodf dlxnfsf] cj:yf lgs}
bogLo /x]sf] 5 .
kl/of]hgf ;~rflnt xl6of uflj;df ;+:yfn] u/]sf] cWoog cg';f/ hDdf 3/w'/L ;+Vof @!#( df dlxnf ^!@$ /
k'?if ^%^# u/L hDdf !@^*& hg;+Vof /x]sf] hgu0fgf @)%* sf] tYofÍaf6 b]lvG5 . o; uflj;df sfdL !@( 3/w'/Ldf
&%( hgf , bdfO{ #! 3/w'/Ldf !*$ hgf / ;fsL{ !* 3/w'/Ldf !)^ u/L hDdf !&* 3/w'/Ldf !)$( hg;+Vof
blntx?sf] /x]sf] 5 .
dflj !, lgdflj !, k|flj % / hglk|o k|fljlws lzIffno u/L hDdf * j6f ljBfno / Pp6f pRr dflj /x]sf] o;
uflj;df ljBfyL{ ;+Vof aflnsf !%&) / afns !&#( /x]sf5g\ eg] cfly{s, 3/fo;L / 6f9f ePsf sf/0f ljr}df ljBfno
5f]8|g] jf ghfg] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof #!^ /x]sf] 5 . clwsf+; afnaflnsf ljBfnod} egf{ ePsf 5}gg\ . !@^*& hg;+Vof
/x]sf] of] uflj;df k'?if *&! / dlxnf !^!! u/L hDdf @$*@ lg/If/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s / z}lIfs ?kn] cToGt}
lk5l8Psf] of] uflj;sf blnt ;d'bfodf k'?ifsf] eGbf dlxnfsf] cj:yf emg} bogLo /x]sf] 5 . clwsf+; hg;+Vof s[lifdf
cfl>t /x]klg Jofj;flos / pGgt v]tL tyf kz'kfng x'g ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . ->f]t MlhNnf k|f]kmfOn @)^^, lhlj; dsjfgk'/ _
o; If]qdf df};d cg';f/ afnL nufpg] / leqfpg] ;dodf dfq dlxnf /f]huf/L ;LdLt /x]sf] / dlxnfx?sf nflu
/f]huf/Lsf] sd cj;/ ePsf] x'+bf cGo af+sL ;dodf v]/ uO{/x]sf] tyf cg'Tkfbs >dzlQmnfO{ pkof]u u/L s'v'/f kfng
Joj;fo ;+rfng ul/g] ePsfn] o;af6 yk cfo a[l4 eO{ Psflt/ u/LjL 36\g] / csf{lt/ jfnaflnsfsf] lzIff cuf8L
a9fpg cfly{s ;xof]u k'Ug] ;fy} kl/jf/df dlxnfsf nflu /f]huf/L l;h{gf eO{ dlxnfsf] ;fdflhs x}l;ot ;d]t cuf8L
a9\g] ePsfn] ;xefuLd"ns tl/sfaf6 tof/ kf/L of] kl/of]hgf k|:tfljt ul/Psf] lyof] .
hglk|o k|fljlws lzIffno, xl6ofdf ul/Psf] gfkmfd"ns s'v'/f kfngsf] gd"gfnfO{ cg'z/0f u/L blnt dlxnfnfO{
s'v'/f kfngsf nflu rflxg] rNnf, bfgf, cf}iflw, EoflS;g tyf ef+8fs+'8f ;a} pknAw u/fO{ /f]u cGj]if0f / lg/fs/0fsf
nflu hglk|o k|fljlws lzIffno, xl6ofsf] k|of]uzfnf / lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no;+u ;dGjo u/L s'v'/fkfng ul/Psfn]
157
dxfdf/L lgoGq0f tyf hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ePsf]5 . kl/of]hgfsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu :yflgo ;d'bfo, s'v'/f kfng ;d"x,
;+:yf, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]ifn] ;do;dodf cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f u/L
k|bfg ul/Psf] ;'emfj cg';f/ ;~rfng ul/Psf]n] kl/of]hgfsf] klxnf] s'v'/fkfngsf] r/0f ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg eO blnt
kl/jf/sf] cfo a[l4 ePsf] 5 .
kl/of]hgfaf6 k|fKt k|ltkmn x]/]/ l5d]sLx? ;d]t o; Joj;fodf cfslif{t eO{ o; If]qsf] cfo cfh{gsf] /fd|f] dfWod
x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . gd"gf / Jojl:yt ?kdf !^ blnt kl/jf/sf dlxnfx?af6 ;~rflnt df;'sf nflu a|f]On/
s'v'/f kfng sd nfutdf cfwfl/t k|ljlw ePsfn] bLuf] x'g] b]lvPsf]5 .
k|lt kl/jf/ sd nfutdf vf]/ lgdf{0f, !)) uf]6f pGgt hftsf rNnf tyf To;sf nflu cfj:os pGgt bfgf,
EoflS;g, cf}iflw pkrf/, kfgL v'jfpg] ef+8f tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u dlxnf s[ifsx?nfO{ pknAw u/fO :ynut ?kdf
cEof; / tflnd k6sk6s u/fO df;'sf nflu tof/ ePsf s'v'/fx? lalqmsf] nfuL ;+:yfn] nIdL bfgf pBf]u;+u
;Demf}+tf ul/;s]sfn] s'v'/f kfns dlxnfx?nfO{ ahf/sf nflu ;d:of k/]g / hf]lvd klg sd ePsf] 5 .
lalqmaf6 k|fKt /sdnfO{ k"g s'v'/fkfng ug{ rNnf, bfgf, EoflS;g / cf}iflw pkrf/sf] nflu lap k"+hLsf ?kdf
kl/rflnt ug]{ / gfkmf /sd dWo] ;d"x lg0f{o cg';f/ s]xL k|ltzt /sd art sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L eljiodf kg{ ;Sg]
eljtAosf] Go"lgs/0f / ;d"xdf C0f kl/rfngsf dfWodaf6 cGo OR5's dlxnfx?nfO{ ;d]t kl/of]hgfdf ;xefuL u/fpb}
kl/of]hgf lg/Gt/ ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o s'v'/f kfns s[ifs ;d"xn] u/]sf] 5 .
o; kl/of]hgfdf k'?if ;b:ox?n] ;3fpg] aftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{sf nflu n}+lus ;r]tgf tflnd k|bfg u/L
;xsfo{sf] efjgf hufO{ Aofj;flostftkm{ pGd'v u/fpg / ;d'bfodf lj:tf/ ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] cj:yf l;h{gf ul/Psf] 5
. afnaflnsfsf] lzIff, dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo ;'wf/ eO{ cfly{s ?kdf ;d]t dlxnfsf] kx'+r a9fpg] ePsfn] of] kl/of]hgf
n}+lus d}qL eO{ dlxnf z;lQms/0fdf 6]jf k'u]sf] 5 .
AolQmut tyf aftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO{df sd ;r]t blnt kl/jf/sf dlxnfx?n] of] kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ePkl5 vf]/
Aoj:yfkg, /f]u Aoj:yfkg, vf]/ j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO{df ljz]if Wofg lbG5g\ h;sf sf/0f plgx?sf] :jf:Yodf
/fd|f] k|efj kg'{sf ;fy} jftfj/0f k|lt plgx?sf] rf;f] cflea[l4 x'G5 . vf]/af6 pTkflbt dn cb'jf, uf]ne]8f / v';f{gL
pTkfbgdf clt pQd x'g] x'+bf /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]udf sdL cfpg'sf ;fy} cfkm\g} s/];f af/Ldf pTkflbt tfhf t/sf/L
;]jgn] nfeflGjt ;d"xn] cltl/Qm nfe k|fKt ug]{5g . s'v'/f kfng Aojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ul/g] ePsfn] o;af6
;d'bfodf k|lts'n k|efj b]lvb}g / /f]u tyf dfxfdf/Lsf nflu EoflS;g tyf cf}ifwL k|ofKt dfqfdf k|fljlwsx?sf] ;Nnfx
cg';f/ k|of]u u/L] jftfj/0f cg's'n agfOPsf] 5 .
cGtt o; kl/of]hgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cGtl/d lqjlif{o of]hgfsf] lgla{sNk /x]sf] u/Lla Go"lgs/0fsf] p4]Zo
cGtu{t lk5l8Psf blnt dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg / ljsf; sf]ifsf] cfly{s
;xof]udf of] kl/of]hgf ;~rflnt 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] pb]Zo
o; cfof]hgfsf] k|d'v p2]Zo dsjfgk'/ lhNnf xl6of uflj;sf clt ljkGg @% blnt kl/jf/sf] cfo j[l4 u/fpg
dlxnf ;d"x sf] g]t[Tjdf s'v'/f kfng u/L blnt dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s kx'+r j[l4 u/fpg] /x]sf] 5 .
nlIft÷ nfeflGjt ;d"x
o; cfof]hgfsf] cf/De b]lv clGtd;Dddf dsjfgk'/ lhNnf xl6of uflj;sf clt ljkGg !^ b]lv @% jf ;f] eGbf
a9L blnt kl/jf/x? k|d'v nfeflGjt ;d"x /x]sf 5g\ .
Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVIs) p4]Zout k|dfl0fs/0fsf ;"rsx?
1. !&* blnt kl/jf/sf] k|f/lDes cfo, hUuf tyf /f]huf/Lsf cfwf/df ljkGgtf :t/Ls/0f .
2. ljkGgtf :t/Ls/0fsf cfwf/df s'v'/fkfngsf nflu !^ kl/jf/ 5gf}6 / ;d"x lgdf{0f .
3. !^ hgfsf] bIftf clea[l4 tyf :yflgo ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u u/L !^ j6f vf]/ lgdf{0f .
4. klxnf] kN6 !^ blnt kl/jf/ / qmdzM a[l4 ub}{ sfo{qmdsf] cGTo;Dddf @% kl/jf/sf] sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf u/fO{
klxnf] kN6 !^ blnt kl/jf/ / qmdzM sfo{qmdsf] cGTo;Dddf @% kl/jf/sf blnt dlxnfx?nfO{ k|lt kl/jf/
!)) uf]6f rNnf, $%) s]hL bfgf, EoflS;g, cf}iflw tyf bfgfkfgL v'jfpg] ef8fx? ljt/0f .
5. :yflgo s'v'/f kfng ;DalGw bIf k|fljlwsnfO{ b}lgs Hofnfbf/Ldf () lbgsf nflu /f]huf/ .
6. @% kl/jf/n] u/]sf] s'v'/f kfngaf6 ePsf] gfkmfaf6 art sf]if ;+rfng .
7. s'v'/f kfng ;DalGw sfddf k'?if ;b:ox?af6 dlxnfx?nfO{ ;lqmo ;xof]u / ;xsfo{tf .
8. :yflgo ;d"x / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6 lg/Gt/ tyf lj1 6f]nLaf6 k|To]s n6df @ k6s cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f .
9. pTkflbt dnsf] k|of]un] cb'jf, uf]ne]8f / v';f{gL pTkfbg a[l4 eO{ k|lt /f]kgL jflif{s ?=@)))) yk cfDbfgL .
10. kl/of]hgfsf] ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfk ;d]6]/ clGtddf Pp6f >Ao b[io ;fdu|L tyf %)) yfg :dfl/sf k|sf;g .
158
11. kl/of]hgfsf] rf}dfl;s / cGtLd u/L hDdf ^ k6s % k|ltsf b/n] k|utL / cfly{s k|ltj]bg .
Up-scaling Pathways k|j4{gsf pkfox?
o; kl/of]hgfsf] z'?df ul/Psf] cfwf/e't ;j]{If0f / ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df ;DklQ :t/Ls/0f -hUuf, /f]huf/L tyf
cfo_ sf dfWodaf6 clt ljkGg !^ blnt dlxnfx? 5gf}6 u/L uflj;, ufp+ :t/Lo blnt PsfO{ ;ldt, blnt dlxnf
;d"x tyf ;+:yfsf] cfof]hgfdf e]nf ul/ ;xeflutfd"ns 9+un] ;d"x u7g ul/of] .
:yflgo ;fdu|L / hgzlQm k|of]u u/L sd nfut k|ljlwdf vf]/ lgdf{0f / xl6ofsf nflu ;'xfp+bf] / pko'Qm hglk|o
k|fljlws lzIffno, xl6ofdf ul/Psf] gfkmfd"ns s'v'/f kfng Aoj;fosf] gd"gfnfO{ cg'z/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
!^ hgf blnt dlxnfnfO{ s'v'/f kfngsf nflu :ynut Aojxfl/s tyf cEof;d"ns tflnd k|bfg u/L tyf pGgt
rNnf, bfgf, cf}iflw, EoflS;g tyf ef+8fs+'8f pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 .
/f]u cGj]if0f / lg/fs/0fsf nflu hglk|o k|fljlws lzIffno, xl6ofdf /x]sf] k|of]uzfnf / lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no
dsjfgk'/;+u ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .
bLuf] / lgoldt s'v'/fkfngsf nflu :yflgo ;d'bfo, s'v'/f kfng ;d"x, ;+:yf, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / /fli6|\o
s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]ifn] ;do;dodf cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f u/L ;'emfj k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
blnt dlxnf s[ifsx? dfem ;~rfng x'g] ePsfn] o; kl/of]hgfdf klxnf] k6s cg'bfgsf ?kdf vf]/, rNnf, bfgf,
cf}iflw, EoflS;g, bfgfkfgLsf nflu ef+8fs'8f / k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
bf];|f] k6ssf nflu klxnf] n6sf] s'v'/f / dn lalqmaf6 k|fKt /sd dWo] rNnf, bfgf / EoflS;g tyf cf}iflw
pkrf/sf] nflu lap k"+hLsf ?kdf /flv kl/rflnt ul/Psf] 5 .
gfkmfdWo] ;d"x lg0f{o cg';f/ dfl;s art sf]if :yfkgf u/L ;d"xdf C0f kl/rfngsf dfWodaf6 cGo OR5's
dlxnfx?nfO{ ;d]t kl/of]hgfdf qmdzM ;xefuL u/fpb} nlug]5 .
s'v'/f kfng ;DalGw b[io ;fdu|L tyf ;"rgf, k|ljlwsf] hfgsf/L cGo ;d'bfodf lj:tf/ eO s'v'/fsf] rNnf, bfgf,
cf}iflw tyf k|fljlws 1fg ;d'bfodf pknAw x'G5 h;af6 s'v'/fkfng lj:tf/sf ;fy} o; If]qsf] cfo cfh{gsf] /fd|f]
dfWod x'g ;S5 .
o; kl/of]hgfdf ;~rflnt n}+lus ;r]tgf tyf cGo tflndn] ubf{ dlxnf k'?ifaLr ;xsfo{sf] efjgf hfu[t eO{
kl/of]hgfnfO{ n}+lus d}qL agfO{ dlxnf z;lQms/0fdf 6]jf k'u]sf] 5 .
;+:yfn] nIdL bfgf pBf]u;+u ;Demf}+tf u/]sf]n] pTkflbt s'v'/f-df;'_ ;lhn} ahf/df lalqm ePsf] 5 . pTkflbt
dnsf] k|of]uaf6 cb'jf, uf]ne]8f / v';f{gLsf] pTkfbgdf a[l4 eO{ nlIft ;d'bfon] cltl/Qm nfe xfl;n ug{ z'? u/]sf
5g\ .
Targeted Outputs:
!= clt ljkGg @% blnt dlxnfx?n] vf]/ lgdf{0f tyf s'v'/f kfng ;DalGw Aojxfl/s / :ynut tflnd tyf cfly{s
;xof]u k|fKt u/L lg/Gt/ s'v'/fkfngaf6 cfo j[l4 ug]{ 5g\ .
@= ;d"x art sf]if ;~rfng, n}lËs ;r]tgf tflndsf dfWodaf6 Ifdtf cflej[l4 tyf cb'jf uf]ne]8f / v';f{gLsf]
pTkfbgdf j[l4 eO cltl/Qm cfo cfh{g ug]{5g\ .
#= Aojl:yt ?kdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng, cg'udg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f, k|fljlws ;xof]u / kl/of]hgfdf tof/ kfl/g] >Jo b[Zo
;fdu|Lsf] dfWodaf6 lg/Gt/ bLuf] / cGoq lj:tf/ x'g] .
A.N
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^
&
*
Activities
ljkGgtf :t/Ls/0f
s'v'/f kfng ;d"x lgdf{0f
:ynut tflnd, vf]/ lgdf{0f ;fdu|L vl/b tyf :yflgo
;fdu|Lsf] k|of]uaf6 vf]/ lgdf{0f .
s'v'/f kfng tflnd tyf s'v'/f kfng
s'v'/f kfng tflnd tyf s'v'/f kfng
dfgjLo >f]tsf] lgo'lQm
;d"x art sf]if ;~rfng
n}lËs ;r]tgf tflnd
cg'udg tyf ;'k/La]If0f
Activity Status
Remarks
;DkGg eO;s]sf
;DkGg eO;s]sf
;DkGg eO;s]sf
;DkGg
;DkGg
;DkGg
;DkGg
;DkGg
;DkGg
eO;s]sf
eO;s]sf
eO;s]sf
eO;s]sf
eO;s]sf
eO;s]sf
159
(
!)
!!
cltl/Qm cfo cfh{g
lel8of] 8s'd]06«L / k|sf;g
kl/of]hgfsf] k|utL tyf cfly{s k|ltj]bg .
;DkGg eO;s]sf
tof/L eO/x]sf]
rf}dfl;s k|ltj]bg $ j6f / jflif{s
k|ltj]bg ! j6f tof/ u/L k|:t't
ul/;lsPsf] 5 cGtLd k|ltj]bg
tof/ eO/x]sf] 5 .
pknlAw÷kl/0ffd Achievements / Findings (in case of research projects)
• xl6of uflj;sf blnt kl/jf/sf] 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f÷cfwf//]vf ;j]{If0faf6 !&* blnt kl/jf/ /x]sf] / plgx?sf]
k|f/lDes cfo, hUuf tyf /f]huf/LnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ul/Psf] ljkGgtf :t/Ls/0faf6 !^ kl/jf/ u/Lj tyf dlxnf
s[ifs 5gf}6 / ;d"x lgdf{0f .
• :yflgo ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u u/L 5gf}6 ePsf dlxnf s[ifsx?sf] bIftf clea[l4 u/]/ !^ j6f vf]/ lgdf{0f / klxnf]
kN6 !^ blnt kl/jf/ ;xeflu u/fO{ k|lt kl/jf/ !)) uf]6f rNnf, $%) s]hL bfgf, EoflS;g, cf}iflw tyf
bfgfkfgL v'jfpg] ef8fx? ljt/0f u/L s'v'/f kfng ubf{ –
• rNnfsf] d[To'b/ ;/bf/ ! k|ltzt eof] .
• pHofnf] k|;:t} k'u]sfn] s'v'/fsf] /fd|f] j[l4 eof] .
• ls;fgnfO{ :ynut tflnd k|bfg ul/Psfn] ;/;kmfOsf] cj:yf /fd|f] ePsf] 5 h;n] ubf{ dxfdf/L tyf
cGo /f]usf] ;+qmd0f ePg .
• tflnsf cg';f/ bfgfkfgL, EoflS;g, cf}iflw / tfks|d ldn]sf] x'+bf $=% s]hL bfgf vf+bf $% lbgdf
s'v'/fsf] @!)) u|fd tf}n ;/b/df cfPsf] 5 .
• nIdL bfgf pBf]u;+u klxn] g} ;Demf}+tf ePsf] x'+bf rNnf tyf bfgf cfk'lt{ / pTkflbt df;' ljlqmdf
s'g} emGem6 Aoxf]g'{ k/]g ;fy} s'v'/f /fd|f] ePsfn] ahf/ efp eGbf ?= @ k|ltlsnf] a9Lsf b/n] lalqm
ePsf] 5 .
• k|lt kl/jf/ ;/b/ -(( ¥ @=! ¥ !@^_ @^!(%÷$) cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 .
• nufgL k|lt rNnf ? *) sf b/n] ? *)))÷)), bfgf ? #% sf b/n] $%) s]hLsf] ? !%&%)÷)),
EoflS;g tyf cf}ifwL ? !%))÷)) u/L hDdf ? @%@%)÷)) ePsf] lyof] . rNnf vl/bsf] ;dodf
s'v'/fsf] rNnfsf] d'No a[l4 cTolws ePsf] 5 . h'g d"No 36]/ xfn ? %) k|lt rNnf /x]sf] 5 .
• nufgL tyf cfDbfgLsf] t'ngf ubf{ ? ($%÷$) gub / cGo cfDbfgLdf dn lalqm tyf o;af6 x'g]
cltl/Qm cfo ;d]t /xg] b]lvG5 .
• dlxnf s[ifssf] cfDbfgL tyf gfkmfsf lx;fan] x]bf{ ;Dk'0f{ s'/f cg'bfg kfO{ s'v'/fkfng u/]sf] x'+bf
o;af6 k|fKt ;Dk'0f{ /sd ? @^!(%÷$) gfkmf g} ePsf] 5 .
• o; kl/of]hgf cGtu{t lgdf{0f ePsf s'v'/fsf k|lt vf]/ ? !))))÷)) / ljtl/t bfgfkfgL v'jfpg]
ef+8fs'+8f / nfN6Lgsf] ? %)))÷)) ul/ hDdf ? !%)))÷)) crn ;DklQ k|To]s kl/jf/n] k|fKt
u/]sf 5g\ .
• :yflgo s'v'/f kfng ;DalGw bIf k|fljlws lgo'lQmsf sf/0f ;f+em ljxfg h'g;'s} ;do klg s[ifsx?n] k|fljlws
;Nnfx / /]vb]v kfO 9'Ss ePsf] cj:yf l;h{gf eof] h'g k|f/lDes ?kdf ul/g] k]zf tyf Aoj;fosf nflu
cfj:os 5 .
• s'v'/f kfngaf6 cfDbfgL a[l4 ePsf sf/0f k'?if ;b:ox?af6 ;lqmo ;xof]u / ;xsfo{tf eO{ art sf]if ;+rfng
ePsf] 5 h'g eljiosf nflu ;~ro x'g] 5 .
• :yflgo ;d"x, ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / lj1 6f]nLaf6 lg/Gt/ cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f eO{ cfj:os ;'emfj k|bfg ubf{
s[ifsx? pT;flxt x'g'sf ;fy} cGo ls;fgx? ;d]t cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ .
160
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Promotion of Floriculture (Gladiolus & Chrysanthemum) for
income generation in Highway corridor VDC in Sarlahi
707/2009/10
Ram Thapa
Bharatpur Municipality – 12, Chitwan
9741113455
[email protected]
Rural Society & Promotion Center, Gaur/Rautahat
September, 2010
August, 2012
End Date:
NPR 999,316.00 (Nine Hundred ninety-nine thousand and three
hundred sixteen rupees only
Three VDCs (Hariyaun, Dhungre Khola and Karmaiya) of Sarlahi
District in close proximity to the East-West Highway corridor.
Project Summary
Background:
As we all know that floriculture is major cash generating crop & this has been rapidly evolved in Nepal and
the production also increasing. However, it is mainly concentrated in KTM and/or nearby district. It is
necessary to expand in other parts of country. So, it is implementing in the highway corridor of Sarlahi. It is
recognized that technical knowhow, farmers' access to information and financial support, choice of cultivars
and market linkage are the limiting outside valley. The project results will be disseminated through different
publication materials, workshops, training, visits, field day, and demonstration, electronic media.
The main purpose of the project is to initiate floriculture enterprise as a new sustainable income generating
source targeting the low-income category of people in the highway corridor VDCs of Sarlahi. This project
will also focus on technology dissemination of successful flower nursery raising, organized commercial
production, right choice of high-demand varieties/ cultivars of gladiolus and chrysanthemum, post-harvest
handling and packing, disease and pest management and establishment of regular marketing channel and its
consolidation for ensuring a continuous source of income and livelihood support. The project is expected that
at least 90 farmers comprised of dalit, women and other marginalized people will have received technical
know-how and training on floriculture cultivation in general and specifically for gladiolus and
chrysanthemum.
Beneficiaries
The project is expected that at least approximately 90 Households (HHs) will be directly benefited from this
project (about 30 HHs from each VDC). Out of total beneficiaries at least 30% will be dalits, marginalized
and disadvantaged groups. And They are receiving technical know-how and training on floriculture
cultivation in general and specifically for gladiolus and chrysanthemum.
The direct beneficiaries of the project are the people from the three VDCs in Sarlahi District i.e. Hariyaun,
Dhunge Khola and Karmaiya VDCs. The intended beneficiaries will be those households whose main source
of income is farming over the years and those with marginal landholdings (small holder farmers having 1-10
kathas) and low-income groups. The target groups will include an equal number of male and female
farmers/entrepreneurs.
1.1 By the end of year 2012, about 90 farmers will have received technical knowhow and training on
Floriculture cultivation
1.2 By 2012, baseline report will have been prepared
1.3 By 2012, six (6) farmers grouped formed and strengthened in a sustained way to ensure establishment of
long term floriculture enterprise
1.4 By 2012, a good functioning market network developed in the target VDCs
161
1.5 By 2012 at least 3 Floriculture Nurseries managed by the local people will be established in the Project
VDCs
1.6 By 2012, project completion report prepared.
Up-scaling Pathways
The measurable expected outputs are listed below:
Output 1.
Verified production technology of Gladiolus and Chrysanthemum
disseminated and promoted to targeted communities as a sustainable business enterprise
Output 2.
Community people organized for commercial production and market channel
established
Output 3.
Verified technology disseminated and up-scaled (vertical expansion) to potential areas
Activities
Progress status
It has been done by using various PRA tools, Semi structured
1. Baseline Survey
interview/SSI, transact walk & information collected thru secondary
and identification of
sources as well. This activity was carried out in the proposed three
project sites
Project VDCs in order to get acquainted with the socio-economic
conditions of the people and the land use situation and cropping
pattern in the area.
Three groups were formed in each of the three proposed VDCs
2. Farmers selection
making a total of 6 flower producer groups. A total of 15 farmers are
and group formation
included in each group. The directly involved farmers were about 90
from the three VDCs - Hariyaun, Dhungre Khola and Karmaiya. The
project sub-activities include
2.1. conducted meeting with individual farmers and existing
group members
2.2 Maximum utilization of existing groups or formed of new
one as well.
2.3 Registered of groups in DADO.
Group formed and orientation provided. All groups were registered in
3. Orientation of
DADO. Conduction of Orientation meeting and in depth discussion
group on project and
were made. Purchased required flower seeds, plantation materials and
flower cultivar.
tools.
We were established 3 demonstration plots in 2 khatta of land and
4. Establishment of
these plots were used during the various stages of trainings to the
demonstration plots
farmers.
and Nursery in
farmers fields
We also conducted various onsite trainings to the farmers/flower
5. Onsite training to
growers/nursery men in different stages of the production process.
farmers regarding
Trainings were provided regarding appropriate site selection, soil and
various aspects of
land preparation, seed sowing, seedlings raising bulbs/corms transfer,
production
water and drainage management, nursery bed management, techniques
of cutting matured flowers/spikes, storage and packaging/wrapping for
transportation, etc. Trainings were provided by trained floriculture
experts.
The selected farmers were visited in the Janakpur, Chitwan, Dhading
6. Farmers tour and
and Kathmandu. It enhanced the Knowledge & Technology of farmers
exposure visit in
162
Remarks
floriculture pocket
areas. or upscaling of
reea
7. Marketing channel
establishment
8. Publication and
distribution of
materials related to
floriculture for up
scaling of results
9 Final output
dissemination
workshop and
submission of final
report.
10. Monitoring &
evaluation of the
project
in field of flowers production & its marketing skill. During this
exposure visit, farmers were also visited in Floriculture Development
Center in Godavari as well as well-established Private flower nurseries
in Kathmandu. We made interaction with floriculture experts and
business entrepreneurs.
Marketing Channel is established by linking with primary producers or
suppliers (i.e. farmers) with wholesalers and retailers. Now, they have
direct linkage with them and can deal for selling the products..
Publication and distribution of teaching materials (leaflets,
folders, booklets, video documentary, pictures/slides,
informative articles and success stories from newspapers,
magazines, etc) is under process. It will be prepared in close
consultation with project participants/target groups.
Not yet done,
The Project findings and results will be disseminated later to
all concerned stakeholders (local NGOs, CBOs, DADO,
RDA, DDC, NGO Federation Offices) in five development
regions, NARDF and MoAC after the accomplishment of
project outputs and along with success stories from the
project sites.
Regular project activities were monitor by DADO & Project staff. But
project final evaluation is not done.
List of completed activities:
1. Baseline Survey and identification of project sites
2. Farmer Selection and group formation
3 Orientation of the group regarding the project and flower cultivar
4. Establishment of demonstration plots and nursery in famers fields
5. Onsite training to farmers regarding various aspects of flower production
6. Farmers tour and exposure visit in floriculture pocket areas
7. Marketing channel establishment
163
Project Title:
s[ifsx?4f/f Jofj;flos ?kdf dxsf] u'0f:tl/o pTkfbg ;fy} jhf/Ls/0fdf
lbuf] ;+hfnLs/0f kl/of]hgf
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
708/2009/10
/fh]Gb|s'df/ rf}w/L
;+ks{ – lzjfno uf=lj=;= jf8{ g+= $ k|ultrf]s
)^&– $@)#!#
)^&– $@)@^)
enprednepal @ ntc.net.np
lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3, b}n]v÷ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, b}n]v
End Date:
efb| @)^&
>fj0f @)&)
@(,((,*%&.—
b}n]v lhNnfsf ^ uflj;
Background
Project Summary
g]kfnsf] w]/} hldg kxf8L e" w/ftn / 8fF8fsfF9f Pj+ ef}uf]lns ljljwtf ePsf] eP klg xfd|f] b]zsf] cy{tGq
s[lifdf cfwfl/t lgjf{xd'vL ;fy} k/Dk/fut v]tL k|0ffnL ljBdfg x'g'n] s[lif k|ljwL ljsf; / s[ifsx? aLr l;k
x:tfGt/0fsf] sfd Hofb} Go"g ePsf] 5 . xfn g]kfn klg ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] ;b:o eO{ ;s]sf] cj:yfdf b]zsf]
pTkfbgsf] cfkm\g} k|dfl0fs cfwf/ / u'0f:tl/o pTkfbg Pj+ ls;fgx?nfO{ h}ljsv]lt ;fy} Jofj;flos pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbb}
k/Dk/fut k]zfnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ cfjZos /x]sf]5 .
ls;fgx?;+u Jofj;flos 1fg Pj+ ;+ul7t?kdf Jofj;fo ;+rfng / jhf/ Jofj:yfkg ;+jGwL cg'ejsf] sdLnfO{
x6fpg Ifdtf ljsf;df ;xof]u u/L cfw'lgs df}/Lkfng Jofj;fosf] dfWodjf6 u'0f:tl/o dx pTkfbg tyf Jofj;flos
?kdf s[ifsx? ljr ;+hfn lgdf{0f ;fy} jhf/Ls/0fsfnflu :yflgo tyf lhNnf / s]Gb| txdf ;d]t kxn u/L lbuf] ;+hfn
ljsf;sfnflu hf]8 lbO{ Jofj;flos ?kdf dx pTkfbg / ljlqmsfnflu ;+:yfut ljsf; ;fy} u|fld0f ;d'bfosf]
lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofO{ l;dfGt ls;fg / hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d'bfonfO{ sfo{qmddf ;+nUg u/fO{ j+lrltdf k/]sf
ju{sf] pTyfgdf hf]8 lbO{g] 5 .
t;y{ ;+:yfn] :yflgo ;d'bfosf] dfu ;fy} lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] dx pTkfbgsf nflu ef}uf]lns ;+efJotf
klxrfg ePsf If]qnfO{ x]/L b}n]v lhNnfsf ;'b"/ If]qsf ljkGg ls;fgx?sf] cfo cfh{gsfnflu s[ifsx?4f/f Jofj;flos
?kdf dxsf] u'0f:tl/o pTkfbg ;fy} jhf/Ls/0fdf lbuf] ;+hfnLs/0f kl/of]hgf ;+rfngsf nflu of] kl/of]hgfn] sfd
u/]s]f 5 . o; kl/of]hgf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;fy} lhNnf 3/]n' ljsf; ;ldlt ;fy} lhlj; b}n]v;+u ;xsfo{df sfo{qmd
ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] cfjZos k|fljlws ;fy} s[ifssf] dfu jdf]lhd 3f/x? klg pknJw u/fpg
yfn]sf] / df}/Lsf] ks]6 If]qsf] ?kdf ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] x'Fbf sfo{qmdsf] lbuf]kg / lg/Gt/tf /xg] cj:yf 5 . o;} u/L
;xsf/L ljsf;jf6 klg o; kl/of]hgfsf] lg/Gt/tf x'g] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
s[ifsx?nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{, cfw'lgs df}/Lkfng Jofj;fosfnflu l;k ljsf;sfnflu tflndx? ;+rfng ug]{, s[ifs
txdf uf]nf lj:tf/sfnflu glthf kl/If0f, uf]nf tyf cfw'lgs 3f/x? pknJw u/fpg] ;fy} :yflgo >f]tsf] ?kdf jrt
kl/rfng ;fy} ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf u/L dxsf] pTkfbg / jhf/ Jofj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ul/g]5 . h;jf6 s[ifssf] cfDbfgL
j[l4, l;k ljsf;, ;+:yfut ljsf; ;fy} lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g] 5 .
t;y{ ;+:yfn] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t df}/L Jofj;fo / ;xsf/L k|j4{g u/L blnt tyf ljkGg dlxnf ls;fgx?sf] cfo
j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ cfof]hgfsf] ;'rs cGt ;Dddf cfof]hgf If][qdf cfj4 @$) s[ifsx?sf] cfo z'? jif{sf]
t'ngfdf @%Ü n] j[l4 ePsf] x'g] 5 .
•
dlxnf ljkGg tyf blnt s[ifsx?sf] lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] nIo ;lxt ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t df}/Lkfng
Jofj;fo k|j{4g u/L dx pTkfbg u/L blnt tyf ljkGg dlxnf ls;fgx?sf] x?sf] cfo j[l4 ug]{ .
Beneficiaries
•
164
b}n]v lhNnfsf ?d, s6\6L, huGgfy, cfpnk/fh'n, nfFs'/L, d]xntf]ln / sfnef}/j uflj;sf !@ j6f ;d'xsf
@$) ls;fgx?nfO{ ;xof]u ul/g] 5 .
Output 1
•
sfo{qmd If]qdf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t
cfw'lgs
Jofj;flos df}/Lkfng eO{ u'0f:tl/o dx pTkfbg If]qsf]
?kdf ljsf; ePsf] x'g]5 .
!=!= @)&) ;fnsf] c;f/ ;Dddf kl/of]hgf If]qsf] ^ uflj;df slDtdf ^ j6f cfw'lgs df}/Lkfng Jofj;los ks]6
If]qsf] ?kdf ljsl;t ePsf] x'g]5g\ .
!=@= @)^( ;fnsf] >fj0f ;Dddf kl/of]hgf If]qsf @$) s[ifsx? cfj4 eO{ cfw'lgs df}/Lkfng Jofj;fo u/L
u'0f:tl/o dx pTkfbg / ahf/Ls/0fsfnflu ;+hfn jgfO{ dxsf] ljlqm ljt/0fsf] z'? u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
!=#= @)&) ;fnsf] >fj0f ;Dddf kl/of]hgf If]qsf @$) s[ifsx?n] Go"gtd (^)) s]=hL= dx pTkfbgjf6 jflif{s ?=
@*,*),))). cfDbfgL u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
Output 2 :
• sfo{qmd If]qsf Jofj;flos ls;fgx?n] dx ljlqmsfnflu ;+:yfut?kdf jhf/ ;+hfn lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g]5g\ .
@=! @)^( ;fnsf] >fj0f ;Dddf kl/of]hgf If]qsf] ;d'xdf cfj4 s[ifsx? df}/L ;xsf/Ldf kl/0ft ePsf x'g]5g\ .
;f] s[ifs ;d'xn] lgoldt jflif{s jrt ;+sng slDtdf ?=@,^@,*)). ;+sng u/L ;xsf/L ljsf; ;fy} df}/L
kfng Pj+ dxsf] cfGtl/s jhf/ Pj+ lhNnf jflx/sf k|d'v jhf/df dx ljlqm s]Gb| vf]nL dxsf] jhf/Ls/0fdf
;Ifd ePsf x'g]5g\ .
@=@ @)^( ;fnsf] >fj0f ;Dddf ;+ul7t ;d'x cGt/utsf !@ hgf dlxnf tyf k'?if s[ifsx?nfO{ df}/L pTkfbgsf]
Jofj;flos >f]t JoflQmsf] ?kdf tof/ u/L cfof]hgf :ynsf cGo s[ifsx?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf x'g]5g\ .
@=# z'? jif{ @)^& ;fndf @$) s[ifsx?nfO{ @$) / bf]>f] jif{ @$) u/L 3f/ pknJw u/fO{
cfof]hgfsf] clGtd jif{df $*) 3f/ df}/L uf]nf lj:tf/ ePsf] x'g]5g\ .
Output 3 :
• kl/of]hgfsf] pknJwLsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf] x'g] 5 .
#=! @)&) ;fnsf] >fj0f ;Dddf kl/of]hgf If]qsf] jl/kl/sf slDtdf !@) 3/ kl/jf/n] of] Jofj;flos ?kdf cfw'lgs
df}/Lkfng u/L dx pTkfbg cg';/0f u/]sf x'g]5g .
#=@ @)&) ;fnsf] >fj0f ;Dddf kl/of]hgf If]qsf df}/L ks]6x? gd'gfsf] ?kdf ljsl;t eO{ ljleGg lhNnfsf s[lif
ljsf; sfof{nox?sf] s[ifs cjnf]sg e|d0f sfo{qmd, uf]li7, ;]dLgf/, :ynut e|d0f cflb sfo{qmd dfkm{t slDtdf
@))) s[ifs Pj+ cGo JoflQmx?df k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf x'g]5g\ .
Up-scaling Pathways
o; df}/Lkfng tyf ;xsf/L k|jw{g sfo{qmdn] ljkGg, blnt, hghftL Pj+ dlxnfnfO{ s]lGb|t u/]/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ul/g] 5 . o; sfo{qmdn] dlxnfsf] 3/df jrt ePsf] / v]/ uPsf] ;dosf] ;b'kof]u ug{ d2t ldNg] 5 . dlxnfx?
;d'xdf ;+ul7t eO{ ;fdflhs ljs[lt x6fpg d2t ldNg] 5 . :yflgo >f]t kl/rfng, kmh'n vr{nfO{ sd u/L jrt
;+sng kl/rfng ;fy} ;xsf/Ldf cfj4tfn] dlxnfx? ;+ul7t x'g] cfo cfh{gsf sfddf kl/rfng x'g'n] >f]tsf] kx'Frdf
klg j[l4 x'g]5 . jflif{s ?kdf !) b]vL !% lsnf] dx ! 3f/jf6 lng ;lsg] / k|lt lsnf] Go"gtd ?=@)) sf b/n]
slDtdf ?= @))) b]vL ?=#))) ;Dd cfDbfgL k|fKt x'g] ePsf]n] o; sfo{qmdn] ljkGg dlxnfx?sf] cfo cfh{gsfnflu
k|ToIf kmfO{bf k'Ug] x'G5 .
o; kl/of]hgf ;+rfngsfnflu ;+:yfn] b}n]v lhNnsf ^ uflj;sf dlxnf hghftL tyf blnt !@ ;d'xsf @$)
ls;fgx?nfO{ nlIft u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . dlxnf ls;fgx? hghftL tyf blntx?nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L sfo{qmd
;+rfng ul/g] 5 . o; sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t df}/Lkfng ks]6 If]qsf ?kdf ljsf; ul/g] 5 . ;+:yfn] df}/Lkfng
sfo{qmd # jif{sf] cjlw e/L ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . ls;fg ;+u df}/L 3f/ # jif{df $*) x'g]5g\ . ;+:yf s[ifsx?nfO{ ;+ul7t
ug]{, df}/Lkfng tflnd, uf]nf j[l4 tflnd lbO{ :yflgo :t/df g} k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fsf] sfd ul/g] 5 . ;+:yf @$)
ls;fgnfO{ @÷@ 3f/ pknJw u/fpg] 5 eg] df}/L uf]nf ;f6f;f6sf] ?kdf lj:tf/ :yflgo ?kdf ls;fg ljrjf6 ul/g]5 .
@$) ls;fgn] Go"gtd !÷! uf]nf df}/L kl/of]hgf jflx/sf cGo ls;fgx?nfO{ ;d]t jflif{s ?kdf ljlqm ug]{ 5g\ .
165
Targeted Outputs:
Activities Proposed
k|:tfljt lqmofsnfk
!= Jofj;flos df}l/kfng tyf dx pTkfbg sfo{qmd
!=! uflj; :t/df sfo{{qmdsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L
!=@ nlIft ;d'x klxrfg / cfwf/e't tYofÍ ;+sng
!=# ;d'x u7g / kl/rfng
!=$ ;d'xnfO{ cjnf]sg e|d0f
!=% uf]nf k|j{Bg / 3f/ lj:tf/ tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u
!=^ df}l/sf] r/g ljsf; ls6 ljt/0f
!=& dxsf] ;+sng s]]Gb| :yfkgf
@ jhf/ / ;+:yfut ljsf; sfo{qmd
@=! Joj;flos df}l/kfng tflnd
@=@ uf]nf lj:tf/ /fgL pTkfbg tflnd
@=# df}l/kfns s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+3, ;+hfn u7g kl/rfng
@=% s[ifsx?nfO{ pBdlzntf tflnd ( TOPE/TOSE) /
Joj;flos of]hgf
@=^ dxsf] u'0f:t/ hfFr
@=& dxsf] n]jlnË / KoflsË
@=* ljlqm sIf / sf]z]nL 3/ :yfkgf
#= df}l/kfng k||ljwLsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf cg'z/0f
#=! df}l/ kfng ;DjlGw a|f]z/ tyf lnkm\n]6 k|sfzg
#=% ;dGjo j}7s
Progress status
Remarks
@)^& efb|— d+l;/df ;DkGg
@)^& cflZjg b]lv d+l;/df ;DkGg
@)^& sflt{s af6 lg/Gt/ ;xof]u
)^* kmfu'gdf ;DkGg
@)^& efb|af6 lg/Gt/ ;xof]u
@)^& kf}ifdf ;DkGg
)^* efb|jf6 z'?
@)^& df3df ;DkGg
)^& r}qdf ;DkGg
@)^& kmfNu'0f b]vL lg/Gt/
)^* h]7df ;DkGg
)^* dfu{df ;DkGg
)^* dfu{ b]vL ;'? lg/Gt/
)^* sflt{sjf6 z'? ePsf]
@)^& r}qdf ;DkGg
@)^& / )^* d+l;/df ;DkGg
l;dfGt dlxnf tyf ljkGg ls;fgx?sf] cfo cfh{gsfnflu df}/Lkfng Jofj;fo tyf ;xsf/L k|j4{g sfo{qmdjf6
s[ifsx?df b]lvPsf kl/jt{g lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .
•
•
•
•
•
•
166
dxsf] jhf/ ljsf;sf] z'?jft ePsf] 5 .
Jofj;flos ?kdf dlxnfx? klg df}/Lkfng Jofj;fodf nfu]sf] cj:yf 5 .
dx pTkfbg / ljlqmsfnflu s[ifx?n] ;+hfn lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ .
s[lif ljsf; sfof{nojf6 3f/ tyf cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u s[ifsx?n] lng ;Ifd ePsf 5g\ .
3f/df s[ifsx?n] klg %)Ü nufgL ug]{ sfdsf] z'?jft ePsf] 5 .
uflj;n] klg df}/Lkfngsfnflu nufgL ug]{ jftfj/0f ;d]tsf] ;[hgf ePsf] 5 .
Project Title:
Promotion of organic vegetable farming and cooperative
marketing for income generation in Gorkha District
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
PP 709/2009/10
Ramji Prasad Bhattarai
Gorkha
9841425547
Start Date:
Project Cost:
DADO Gorkha, OCN
September 2010
July 2013
End Date:
19,97,550.00
Taklung, makaising Tanglichowk and Phujel VDCs of Gorkha
District
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Gorkha district has been lagging behind the national development process. The average socio-economic
indicators show that the District is far below the national average and needs specific efforts to bring up to the
national level. In the absence of adequate development infrastructures and difficult terrain, the available
economic opportunities for the people are very limited. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people. Of
the total area, agricultural land covers about 15% and of that, about 76% is cultivated. About 77%
economically active populations derive their employment from farming (CBO, 2004). However, majority of
the households are not been able to make their subsistence living with conventional traditional farming. Due
to the small landholding size and lack of alternative income opportunity, majority of the farmers are poor and
are not being able to meet their food demand from own production. Though the farmers of the other many
districts have made substantial improvement in the household income through different agricultural activities
like seasonal and vegetable production, the farmers here are not aware about such packages. Only 947 hectare
area is covered by vegetable which is less than 2 percent of the total agricultural land (DADO, 2063). They
lack adequate knowledge on improved production and marketing practices of organic vegetables.
In Nepal, use of pesticides and fertilizer is wide spread in commercial agriculture production areas due to
conventional agriculture based market and infrastructure development. Pesticides and fertilizers consumption
is increasing at faster rate with intensification and commercialization of farming business regardless of their
detrimental effect on human and environmental health. The indiscriminate use of the agro chemicals has, in
consequence, initiated several problems such as pests’ resistance to pesticides and resurgence due to
elimination of their natural enemies, environmental pollution (water, air and soil), toxic residues in food and
feed materials, depletion of soil fertility, disruption of ecosystem, animal and human health hazards and other
economic losses. This forces to think alternative strategies towards sustainable agriculture development and
preserving natural ecosystem in Nepal.
Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system, which promotes and enhances agroecological health, including biodiversity, biological activities (FAO, 1999). This system favors maximum use
of organic materials and avoids use of synthetically produced agro inputs for maintaining soil productivity,
fertility and pest management under conditions of sustainability and healthy environment (Dahama, 1999;
FAO, 2002).
Broadly, organic agriculture in Nepal can be categories into three types.
1. Organic agriculture by default
In most of the hilly region of Nepal, farmers have been practicing traditional farming system, and
thus there have never been any use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides nor the application of
conventional methods of agriculture. In other words, the products in such areas are entirely organic.
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2.
Organic agriculture in Conversion
The process of converting high input agro-chemical based farming into organic farming has
gradually been growing in Nepal. From the second year of completely stopping the use of agrochemical inputs, the farm products are defined as ‘organic in conversion’ and continued at least for
the third year of production.
3.
Organic agriculture
This is a state of agriculture being transformed back from conventional farming to organic farming.
In general, the fourth year of production from the complete prohibition of agro-chemical use is
labelled as organic.
Organic farming claims to have the potential to provide benefits in terms of environmental protection,
conservation of non-renewable resources, improved food quality, reduction in output of surplus products and
reorientation of agriculture towards areas of market demand (Lampkin,1990). Sharma (2001) makes a case for
farming as the most widely recognized alternative farming system to the modern one. Due to this reason
organic movement is getting much impetus in many countries especially in the developed one.
Organic certification is a procedure by which an independent third party gives a written assurance that a
clearly identified process has been methodologically assessed such that adequate confidence if specified
products confirm to specified requirements.
The proposed VDCs of the peoject area of Gorkha is accessible for transportation facility since there is year
round motorable road cross cutting these VDCs. But, there is no interventions made from government as well
as no government side where there is wide range of opportunities for the farmers of that road corridor.
Farmers from that road corridor are not aware of improved agricultural technologies for organic vegetable
production and marketing. As a result, agriculture remained at subsistence level and farmers are living with
low standard due to very low level of household income.
So, this project is designed for promoting the organic vegetable production technology for vegetables
“organic in conversion” during the project period and organic product after completion of the project through
training, technology demonstration, observation tour, workshop, interaction, field inspection/certification and
market management of the product so that farmers’ income will be increased.
- The proposed project is basically linked with organic vegetable and its main aim is to improve the
socio-economic status of the poor and marginalized farmers through organic vegetable production
commercially. The project purpose is to increase organic vegetable production through training,
demonstration and observation of appropriate organic production marketing technologies and
establishing a appropriate marketing network for marketing the organic products.
- These products, in turn, are expected to become a significant source of income, increased employment
opportunities, narrowing down the poverty gap between rural and urban areas and mitigate
depopulation trends in rural area.
- The purpose of this project is to enable people to integrate their indigenous knowledge, skills, local
resources and scientific knowledge of organic vegetable production technology for producing and
marketing high value organic products.
- The project aims to achieve the objectives through demonstration and dissemination of the appropriate
organic vegetable production technologies, building farmer’s capacity on vegetable production and
marketing, institutional building of the farmer’s groups and establishing linkage of the farmer’s
groups/cooperatives with other service providers.
Beneficiaries
- Farmers are demanding the interventions like this, which could help reduce migration of the
economically active population thereby increasing the contribution to gross domestic product. The poor
and marginal farmers of the project locations are the primary target groups of the proposed
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interventions and women have given priority in the project activities. They will be empowered through
developing farmer’s groups and transforming these groups into cooperatives and imparting appropriate
organic vegetable production and marketing techniques. Besides, linkages with the major service
providers will be established. At least 200 farmers will be directly benefited by their direct participation
in the program.
- They will be actively involved from early stage of project. On the other hand, their regular interaction
with the traders in most of the activities will probably develop a relation between them. This will
obviously decrease the involvement of middleman in this channel and help develop effective marketing
system.
- Through demonstration and dissemination of the technologies, other farmers in and around the project
area will also be benefited. It is expected that at least 300 non-group farmers will be benefited thought
the dissemination of the technology. Consumers can fetch fresh organic vegetables in all season. Along
with this, the extension as well as development partners will be benefited with the outputs of this work,
which will open the scope for them to work with the farmers in the following days. The tenth five-year
plan has set the poverty alleviation as it main goal and is hoped to achieve so by carrying out such
income generation activities.
- The project does not intend to harm any part of society, environment or individuals as a result of the
production of the project outputs. As it focuses no use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, there will
little or no harmful effect on the environment from the practice of the organic vegetable production
activities.
The indicators that can be verified for the measurement of the attainment of the above outputs are presented
below.
1.1 Organic vegetable production will have started by at least 120 farmers by the end of project year.
1.2 Organic pesticide will have been applied for pest control by at least 60 farmers by the end of project
period.
1.3 At least 100 farmers will have been started vegetable production organically in semi-commercial and
commercial way by the end of the project.
2.1 At least one cooperatives will be functionalized for organic Vegetable production and marketing by the
end of the project.
2.2 Marketing linkage of farmers for organic vegetable marketing established in Kathmandu and Pokhara by
the end of the project year.
1.1 At least 30 leader farmer will be trained on organic vegetable production and marketing by first trimester
of the third year.
1.2 At least 500 farmers aware about organic vegetable production and marketing by the end of project.
1.3 At least 500 booklets of organic vegetable production techniques will be published and distributed to the
farmers by the end of the project
Up-scaling Pathways
- The main purpose of the project is to increase organic vegetable production and productivity through
appropriate production technology with low external input in environment friendly manner.
Specifically, it aims at identifying potential pockets for promoting organic vegetable production and
existing socio-economic status of the farmers, demonstrating organic vegetable production technology
and building up farmer’s capacity and establishing market linkage and disseminating project outputs.
These overall are expected to uplift the socio-economic condition of the farmers in the project area.
- The intended beneficiaries of the project are the poor and marginalized farmers, especially women.
The main expected output of the project is enhancing production of organic vegetable through
dissemination of the appropriate production technologies and establishment of market linkage. The
approaches/methods of uptake path (UP) to be employed in this project will be field demonstration,
social mobilization, government extension system, and trainings/workshops etc. For uptake of the
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appropriate production and marketing technologies, beneficiaries will be firstly organized and
capacitated through their active participation in series of activities such as trainings, field
demonstrations of the appropriate vegetable production technologies, workshops and meetings
monitoring, publication etc. For the promotion of organic vegetable production, quality manure and
compost making techniques, use of bio pesticides and herbal plants for controlling disease and insets,
water harvest technology and small irrigation, plastic house technology will be introduced. Moreover,
farmers will be supported with input supply for adoption of such technologies. Farmer’s will visit the
organic vegetable production pockets and organic markets of Kathmandu which can develop
confidence among the farmers. Besides, their linkage with other stakeholders such as DADO, traders
etc. will be established for service delivery and harnessing common efforts for the collaborative
actions for promotion and scaling of the organic vegetable production technologies. Transformation of
the farmers groups into cooperatives and their strengthening through cooperative management training
is expected not only to institutionalize the farmer’s activities but also to further promotion of organic
vegetable production and marketing.
- For the scaling up of the technologies to the wider scales in terms of the population as well a the area,
booklets and video documentary on organic vegetable production and marketing will be prepared at
the end of the project and will be distributed to the farmers of the projet area.. Similarly, final
technical reports will be published and submitted to NARDF and DADO. As much of the non-group
farmers are encouraged to visit and learn the technologies from the field demonstration. The
information about the project outputs will be made available to government bodies, NGOs, CBOs and
other relevant stakeholders for dissemination through organizing workshops/meetings.
Targeted Outputs:
At the completion of the project, vegetable production and productivity will increase. To achieve this, the
following outputs will have been achieved at the end of the project period.
1. Organic Vegetable production technology promoted and disseminated
2. Market linkage for organic vegetable product established
3. Project output disseminated
Activities
Progress status
Remarks
1.1.1 Site selection
Completed
1.1.2 Group formation and mobilization
On going
1.1.3 Cooperative formation and mobilization
On going
1.1.4 Baseline Survey
Completed
1.1.5 Internal monitoring
On going
1.2.1 Training on quality manure preparation and organic pest
Completed
management
1.2.2 Training on organic vegetable production technique
Completed
1.2.3 Training on Organic Farming Standard and product
Completed
certification
1.3.1 Observation tour to organic vegetable farming pockets
Completed
1.4.1 Demonstration of the preparation of different organic manures On going
1.4.2 Demonstration of the preparation and application of herbal and On going
organic pesticides
1.4.3 Demonstration of Organic vegetable production technology
On going
1.5.1 Support for improved Vegetables seed
On going
1.5.2 Support for agri equipment and plant protection support
On going
1.5.3
Support for irrigation
Completed
1.6.1 Field inspection
On going
1.6.2 Truthful labellling of the product
Will be completed
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2.1 Market study
2.2 Interaction Workshop on organic vegetable marketing
2.3 Support for Collection center establishment and mobilization
3.1 Participatory monitoring and evaluation
3.2 Video Documentary programme
3.3 District Level Workshop
3.4 Publication and distribution of booklets
3.5 Reports Preparation
in third year
Will be done in
third trimester of
second year
On going
On going
Will be done in
third year
Will be done in
third year
Will be done in
third year
Will be done in
third year
On going
Achievements:
• Two hundred farmers are aware for organic farming
• Fifty farmers have started for FYM improvement
• Locally available plants are used by farmers for preparing organic pesticides
• More than 40 farmers have started to collect urine and apply in vegetables
• One cooperative is under process for registration to DADO Gorkha
• Farmers have produced 4 tons of vegetable organically
• One collectoin centre is established in Makaising VDC for collecting and selling of organic
vegetables
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Project Title:
Project No. :
Project Coordinator
Address
Conservation of Degraded Agricultural Land and Livelihood Improvement
of Marginalized Farmers in Dhading.
PP: 710/2009/10
Dr Tara Nath Pandey
Population, Women, Environment and Development organization
389 Chetana Marga Tahachal Kathmandu, Nepal
4271867 (Off), 4273 792 (Home), Mobile: 985111 3650
Telephone
[email protected]
Fax
Email
Duration of Project
Local NGO & youth club, DADO, DLSO & DSCO, Dhading
October 2010 and Finishing Date September 2013
Project Cost
Location of Project
NRS 2,997,947
Mahadevsthan VDC (ward 4, 5, 7), and Gajuri VDC (ward 8)
Background
Agriculture is the source of livelihood of more than 66% of country’s population and provides a share of 38%
to national GDP (MOAC, 2009). Especially in rural landscapes, existing farming system led to deforestation,
soil erosion, and low productivity causing environmental degradation and poverty and need to change to a
more productive, economic and sustainable production system to improve the livelihood of the people.
Dhading district has an area of about 1925 square KM with 50 VDCs. The mean annual rainfall is 1800 mm
(Rimal et al. 2002). More than 70% of the upper land is sloppy (above 30º slope) and moderately degraded. In
the area, the settlements of Chepang (45%) are inter-mixed with Tamang (28%) and other hill tribes Magar,
Gurung,Brahmin and Dalits. Total household of project area is about 661 and area under agriculture is 255
ha. Chepangs, traditional hunters used to live in semi-nomadic depending on shifting cultivation
supplemented with hunting and gathering of wild foods (Manandhar, 2002), but in the last decade they are
settled in the communities and doing farming to support livelihood.
Maize and Finger Millet are the major cereal crops grown, the harvest is sufficient for about 5 months to feed
their families (Gurung, 2006) and they depend on wage labour to meet their food demand (Regmi et al. 2006).
Realizing the low productivity and traditional unsuitable cultivation practices, there is a strong demand of
suitable SALT model from the farmers, local youth club and NGO. In the district DADO) DLSO and DSCO
are interested and have made written commitment for collaborative work in this project. Income generating
crops such as bitter guard, cucumber, beans and cow pea are grown in very limited areas. This project will
include forage crops in the terrace edge bonds and these crops in the main plots aiming to regenerate the
degraded sloppy land and commercializing the organic agriculture to improve livelihood.
Purpose
The main purpose of the project is to restore degraded sloppy land and increase income from increased
production of high value vegetable crops and developed marketing network.
The objectives stratified into following categories.
a. Development objective
The development objective of this project is to enhance soil and water conservation via the introduction of
SALT model and increase the economic return by changing the crops and cultivation practices. The project
aims to improve terrace based farming system and promote commercial production of vegetables to increase
income of the beneficiary households. Thus, the project will add value on environment, household capital,
food and nutrition, empowerment and employment of women and youths.
b. Immediate/specific objectives
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The immediate/specific objective of the project is to restore the degraded sloppy land by introducing SALT
model, an appropriate agro-forestry farming system technology suitable for small scale farmers and increase
the earning of marginalized poor farmers by promoting the commercial production of vegetables. Specific
objectives are:
• Restore the degraded sloppy agricultural land by the application of SALT model.
• Increase the income and food security situation of marginalized farmers by enhancing the
commercial vegetable production and marketing networks.
• Promote the location institution, inclusiveness and gender equality.
Beneficiaries
Vulnerable and marginalized poor Chepang and Tamang tribes, Dalit, Brahmin and Chhetri households, who
are living in the project area, and are facing from the problems of degradation of agricultural land and food
deficit are the target beneficiaries. The project has focused on forage and commercial production of vegetable
crops. More than 250 HHs will directly participate in the project for minimizing the land degradation and
improving food security situation. In addition, 200 non-participant neighboring HHs will also be benefited
indirectly from the project intervention.
Farmer to farmer diffusion will take place to nearby villages and communities. The women will be the centre
of the project and main change agent. Their presence and participation in all activities, action and decision
making processes will be strong and they will be empowered to do so. They will be included at least 50% in
the farmers’ groups and cooperative to promote gender equity. The project will lead them to a state of
empowerment through their economic growth, gender equity values, access on resources and path of social
transformation.
The developed SALT model will be a knowledge and research centre for farmers, researchers, teachers,
students, other aid agencies and development partners. This project believes that produced high volume
quality vegetable will turn to better household income, increased food use, where people including women
and children will have opportunities for better food security, nutrition and health, and education facilities.
Indicators
The indicators that can be verified for the measurement of the attainment of the above outputs are presented
below.
Output-1:
• By the year 2011, crop rotation based food production system SALT model demonstrated at the
farmers' fields.
• By the end of 2012, 250 HHs start the application of SALT model for soil and water conservation.
• By the end of project, 250 HHs change traditional cropping system and adopt commercial vegetable
cultivation practices in 500 ropani of land.
• By the end of the project, 200 non-participant neighboring farmers of the project area will aware
about SALT model.
• By the end of the project, 250 HHs cultivate the fodder
Output-2:
• By the end of 2011, 250 HHs oriented about nursery establishment and commercial cultivation of
vegetables.
• By the start of 2011, 250 HHs start commercial cultivation of leguminous and cucurbits vegetable.
• By the end of 2013, the annual income of 250 HHs increased by 15,000.
Output-3:
• By the end of 2011, vegetable collection and information centre established for promoting marketing
and disseminating information related to SALT and commercial vegetables production.
• By the end of 2013, linkages between producers, traders and consumers developed
• By the end of 2013 project out disseminated via extension teaching materials and demonstration of
video documentaries.
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Targeted Outputs:
The main expected out put of this project is to introduce crop rotation based farming system model of
SALT to conserve the degraded agricultural land and increase the income of the farmers through the
commercial cultivation of leguminous and cucurbits vegetable. Another expected output of the project is also
to establish linkages between the producers, traders and consumers and to disseminate the output of the
project.
Output-1: Slopping Agriculture Land Technology (SALT) model promoted
A series of activities and sub-activities will be conducted to achieve this output. The major activities are: base
line survey of project area, site selection for applying SALT model, organizing farmers into groups, group
managed nursery establishment for vegetable production, nursery establishment for fodder sampling
production, rain water harvesting technology, maintaining terrace hedges etc.
Output 2: Commercial production of leguminous and cucurbit vegetables introduced and promoted
The main activities conducted under this category are: training on commercial production of vegetables,
distribution of minikits for commercial vegetable production, group managed nursery establishment and
technical support for growing the vegetables.
Output-3: Marketing network established and project output disseminated.
Establishment of collection and information centre for promoting the marketing of vegetables. Linkages
between, producers, traders and consumers built up and project output disseminated via publishing the
extension teaching materials and producing the video documentaries.
Project Status Report
Activities Proposed
Achievements
Output-1: Slopping Agriculture Land Technology (SALT) model promoted
1.1 After farmers' group formation, a baseline survey of the all group
farmers (250 farmers from) from 10 groups and 50 non group farmers
was conducted in the project area. The baseline information focused to
identifying the existing farming practices, land use pattern, cropping
system and economic status of participating farmers of project sites. For
the baseline survey, a HH questionnaire has been constructed
comprising the both close and open types of questions in order to collect
the basic information in line with socio-economic and demographic
characteristics. The fieldwork has been carried out with the enumerators
1.2 Consultative
meeting
in collaboration with DADO, Dhading and Agriculture Service Centre.
with
line
agencies,
Data from the survey was tabulated, analysed and final report was
farmers
and
other
prepared.
stakeholders
1.2 VDC level consultative meeting was organized in the project area. The
purpose of consultative meeting is to share the project purpose and
selection of project site and farmers and to develop project work plan at
the field level. Farmers, stakeholders, traders, Senior Agriculture
Development Officer from DADO and Project Coordinator and other
project team members from PWEDO actively participated in the
workshop.
Output 2: Commercial production of leguminous and cucurbit vegetables introduced and promoted
2.1
Formation
and 2.1 There were altogether 10 farmers groups formed in two projects VDCs
strengthening of groups
(3 wards of Mahadevsthan and two wards from Gajuri VDC). The
project was adopt the strategy of "one House Hold and one member" in
course of group organization. The participation of women in each group
was around 50% and above.
The groups were strengthened
2.2 Practical on spot training
continuously to convert into cooperative. The groups will be responsible
on SALT model
in leading project activities (planning, implementing, monitoring and
1.1 Baseline Survey
report writing
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and
2.4 Start of SALT model in
field
2.5 Introduction of rain water
harvest technology
2.6 Training on commercial
vegetable production
2.7 Minikits distribution
2.8 Group managed nursery
establishment
and
commercial vegetable
production
2.9 Nursery for fodder
sampling production and
transplanting
on the
terrace hedge row
evaluation of project activity). The groups will be responsible for
"farmers-to-farmers" diffusion of tested technology.
2.2 Farmers’ group member were orient and trained about the SALT
models and crop rotation. All the members of ten groups were trained
on SALT model. The training was organized on the sport with active
participation of farmers. The training was focus on introduction of
SALT models in the degraded agriculture land. The training also
focused on crop rotation based food production system of SALT
model because this model of SALT will be used in this project. This
will continue for next trimester.
2.4 Among the different four models of SALT, crop rotation based food
production system will be applied in the project area. This model
will be carried out for enhancing production and productivity of
terrace based cropping systems, conserving soil erosion and growing
different crops, for example, cereals for food security, high value
leguminous and vegetable crops for economic growth of the targeted
beneficiaries. Site selection to grow fodders was completed and in
next month farmers will transplant Ipil-Ipil, Amriso, Napier, Kimbu
and Bakaino sapling in the hedge rows of the terraces in their field.
2.5 In the project area, majority of the cultivated land is in rain fed
condition. Rain water harvest technology will be introduced for
collecting rain water and providing to the crops in dry period.
Farmers are interested to construct the pound to collect the rainwater.
Site selection for pound construction was completed and digging of
pound will be started in next month.
2.6 Field level training on commercial vegetable production was organized
in each farmers group. The focus of training was increasing the
knowledge and skills of the target farmers. The training was integrated
with production, processing and marketing of vegetables. Training was
conducted from the project team members and experts. This will be
continue for next trimester.
2.7 Minikit of vegetable seed such as bitter guard, cowpea, cucumber and
sponge guard, four season beans, long beans, ladies fingers and
capsicum were provided to ten farmer groups for raising the seedling in
the nursery and grow vegetables commercially in their terraced land.
The technical support for growing vegetables was provided by the field
technicians and to motivate them commercial production.
2.8 Ten group managed nurseries of vegetables was established. Each
group take leading role for establishing, managing, producing the
distributing the seedlings of the vegetables especially of cucumber and
bitter guard. For establishing vegetable nursery, seed and other
necessary materials were provided. Each household will grow the
commercial vegetables following the principle of SALT model.
2.9 One group managed nursery was established to produce the seedlings
of Ipil-Ipil, Bakaino and Amriso. All farmers/or members of ten farmer
groups were interested to coordinate for raising the fodder sampling
production and distribute the sampling for transplanting in the hedge
row of the terraces. Nursery establishment was started and and will
continue for next trimester.
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Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Sustainable white grubs management through the use of indigenous
entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae
PP No. 711/2009/10
Ram Narayan Chaudhary
Agricultural Research Station (ARS)
Pakhribas, Dhankuta, Nepal
994260100
994260100
[email protected]
MercyCorps, Nepal, CaGi program [email protected]
Sindhuwa Multipurpose Cooperative, Sindhuwa, Dhankuta
District Agriculture Development Office, Dhankuta,
District Agriculture Development Office, Ilam
Regional Plant Protection Laboratory, Biratnagar
21 September 2010
September 2013
End Date:
NRs. 9,99,600/Mid and upper mid hills of eastern Nepal (Ilam, Dhankuta and
Panchthar)
PROJECT SUMMARY
Farmers of eastern hills have intensified their cropping system by integrating high value crop in their limited
land. Among various insects pests white grub is one of the major limiting factors for the productivity of these
crops and what ever produced using chemical are facing the problem of pesticide residues and degradation of
environment. The project aims to identify, verify and adopt the environmentally safe and sustainable
management practice of white grubs using indigenous entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and
its commercialization in the local level through cooperative and private sector. By the completion of this
project, biological control technology will be developed and disseminated to the significant segments of the
commercial farmers as well as to the resource poor farmers.
Background
More than 44% of the Nepalese farm families derive their livelihood from less than 0.5 ha of land (APP,
1995). Therefore for sustaining livelihood these farmers have intensified their land use and have initiated
integrating high value cash crops such as potato, vegetables and ginger in their existing cropping system. As a
result of intensification, soil insect pests such as white grubs and red ants have become threat to the
sustainability of livelihood in the new intensified system. Among the soil insects, white grubs are reported to
be the most notorious in the eastern hills. In hills of eastern Nepal the extent of damage by the grubs varies
with the crop and season. In ginger, 80-100 % damage was reported where as in maize, vegetable and late
harvested potato its damage ranged from 20-50 % and 20% in newly planted tea in Bari land (Timsina, 2003).
Farmers have no alternatives of insecticides to control white grubs and other insects damaging their crops.
However, they are not aware of the judicious use of pesticides. Maharjan et al. (2004) reported that farmers in
the Koshi Highway corridor use different insecticides up to 22 times in a crop season. As vegetables is the
third largest consumer of pesticides (1450g a.i./ ha) as compared to the national average of 142g a.i./ha
(Thapa, 2003), the agro-business is in threat, as they do not have alternatives of the chemical pesticides for
insect pest management during off-season cultivation. Some basic research carried out by ARS, Pakhribas and
IAAS, Rampur indicated that there is an ample opportunity to explore isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae for
the management of white grubs that can be an alternative to chemical pesticide.
The purpose of the project is to develop integrated white grub management techniques so as to increase the
productivity of vegetable and cash crops and to contribute in livelihood improvement of eastern hill farmers.
After the completion of the project at least one biological method for the effective control of white grubs
adopted by participating farmers. White grub is one of the notorious soil insects and during winter it enters
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well below the soil surface therefore the chemical control measures is difficult. The farmers of sindhuwa and
ilam (personal communication) reported that they use persistent pesticides like Phorate, and Carbaryl
however, not achieved any success so far. Fortunately, we have indigenous entomo-pathogenic fungus
'Metarhizium anisopliae' which have enough virulence to infect the white grub larvae. Keller (2000) reported
that the infective material (spore) of this fungus can remain alive in soil up to one year without host. He also
reported that the sustainable management of the grub has been possible in Switzerland in the field where
fungus had applied many years back. The project has anticipated that through development and dissemination
of biological control method will reduce the use of hazardous pesticides for the management of this pest.
Moreover the farmers will be empowered with the knowledge of bio-agents that can kill the insect without
harmful effect to the surrounding environment. This technology also contributes to the Integrated Pest
Management programmed and organic crop cultivation which is a burning issue of the nation. The biological
technology will contribute for the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity as well as in balancing
ecology.
Beneficiaries
The Primary target groups of the project are the off season vegetable (cabbage, cauliflower, radish and carrot),
potato, ginger and tea producer farmers of Dhankuta, Ilam and Panchthar districts. Twenty five farmers from
5 farmers group will directly participate in the project and all the group members (approx 150 farmers) will
get training as a farmer’s field school. These farmers will have direct involvement in the process of
technology development and dissemination in the project. I/ NGOs and cooperatives are the secondary target
group who are working with the Ginger and off season vegetable production programme. DADOs of
respective districts will directly involve in the technology generation and dissemination. Similarly, the
Regional Plant Protection laboratory (RPPL) will also benefit by exploration, mass production and promotion
of the biopesticide.
The main beneficiaries of this project are small-scale; DAGs farm families who derive their livelihood from
intensified cropping system. The biological control of pest like white grubs makes food crops less vulnerable
to pest and provides these families with opportunities to grow high value crops e.g. vegetables (cabbage,
cauliflower, carrot, radish etc) in Dhankuta (Parewadin VDC) and potato, zinger etc producer in Ilam
(Godak, Pasupatinagar) and Panchthar (Phidim). As the fungus remains active for many years in the soil, it
reduces the continuous use of chemicals and thereby reduces the cost of production of crops to both rich and
resource poor/marginal farmers. Other beneficiaries are the large-scale producer of off-season vegetables
(who adopt the output of the project) of the eastern hills who can produce good quality product in a low cost
of production, thereby increasing the net profit. Women who play vital roles in the production of vegetable
(67%), 64% in ginger (APP, 1995) will be benefited without exposure to the dangerous pesticides for the
control of insects. The developing agencies will also get indirect benefit in handing over the technology of
biological control. Private sector and cooperative will be benefited by the process of commercialization of the
product of fungus as bio pesticides that can generate extra income and employment. Local traders will be
benefited through the marketing of the fungus and their involvement in different training and workshop will
also strengthen their knowledge.
1. At least three virulent best quality inoculum of Metarhizium anisopliae will be identified and developed
by 2011. Metarhizium anisopliae are found associated with the white grubs causing disease to the
population, only their number is low in soil. The project intends to collect such fungus and assess for
their virulence in the laboratory and finds at least two isolates that can be use for mass production and
field demonstration.
2. By 2011 at least one formulation of biopesticides will be developed. The cost of production of fungus
become high if the branded autoclavable plastic bags are use, so the ordinary plastic that can be
autoclaved will be tested and the cost of production per unit of fungus kernel will be reduced. The
substrates that are cheap and locally available will be assessed
3. At least 500 booklet related to technology and a video documentary will be prepared by 2013. A booklet
(500 copies) will be published on the white grubs and its biological management technology. The booklet
covers introduction of white grub species occurs in Nepal, extent of damage and the bio-agents
177
particularly Metarhizium anisopliae, its introduction, mode of action to the insects, effectiveness and
precaution to be taken after application of fungus in the field.
Up-scaling Pathways
The project is designed in such a way that all the proposed outputs will be produced in participation of
farmers, SMCL and Mercy Corps; the partner INGO. This will increase the ownership among the
collaborating farmers and other partners. It is anticipated that besides projects promotional pathways, these
collaborating partners will also disseminate project outputs on their own. Furthermore, SMCL is one of the
model cooperatives of Nepal where thousands of farmers visit and interact annually, will get primary
information and the project output will reach far beyond the boundary of project.
To be very specific, project has proposed the following promotional activities:
1. Handover Mass Production techniques to SMCL and Mercycrops: Both of these organizations are well
established and possess excellent working skill and broad working network. SMCL is multipurpose
cooperative working with more than 1000 farmers and produce off season vegetables for the Indian market
and local markets. Mercycrops is an organization which works in value chain aspects of zinger, potato and
large cardamom in the eastern Nepal in close collaboration with Nirdhan Utthan Banks, farmers group and
local traders. It also works as a bridge between the farmers, traders and the bank to provide easy access of
the resources to them. The project will handover technology to them and thereafter they will be able to
make necessary arrangement for the production of fungus in large scale at local level to full fill the demand
of their respective clients i.e. vegetable, zinger and other cash crop growing farmers or they will bridge the
gap between the private sector and the bank to provide the loan for the establishment of the laboratory for
the production of biopesticides provided by the project. In the mean time they also disseminate the
technology to the clients.
2. Field demonstrations: Demonstration plots of 100 -150 m2 will be established in three districts in five
farmers field for each crop (Cole crops in Dhankuta and potato and zinger in Ilam and Panchthar district).
Those farmers who are not directly involved the project and are the members of the group will also get
training and observe the demonstration plot. Local NGOs and Government extension agencies will also
participate in the establishment and observation of the trial plots.
3. Farmers training, stakeholder workshop, publication and distribution of booklets and Video Documentary:
About 150 farmers will receive training on biological control of white grub. It is anticipated that through
farmers to farmer diffusion process, the technology will reach to other farmers. The information of the
research will be made available to local Government development offices (DADO, DFOs) I/NGOs,
Projects, CBOs , agro vets and local traders working in the area and other related organizations through the
series of meetings and workshop and through the publication of booklets. A video documentary will be
produce and made available to the Communication and publication division of NARC for broadcasting
through Nepal Television and to NARDF. The mode of action and its efficacy for the management of insect
and its availability in local level will be publicized through electronic and publication media so that the
demand of the fungus will be increased and sustainability of the mass producer will be achieved in long run.
Targeted Outputs:
1. Severity and population dynamics of white grub and Virulent isolates of Metarrhizium anosopliae
identified.
A base line survey will be conducted in project location to find out the severity, crop loss and population
dynamic of the white grubs before the intervention of the project. Again the baseline survey will provide
the hot spot of white grub to establish demonstration plot.
The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae which has been found associated with insect collected and tested
against the grub in the laboratory for their efficacy. The most virulent isolates are identified and
maintained. These isolates will be used for the mass multiplication of for field demonstration.
Furthermore these isolates are supplied to the private entrepreneur willing to produce in a commercial
scale in local level.
178
2.
Techniques for mass multiplication of virulent isolates developed and disseminated
Large amount of fungus will be required for the inoculation of white grub infested field. Moreover, mass
multiplication techniques should be easy and sustainable. Thus the best isolates will be mass-produced in
different locally available substrates to identify the effective and efficient mass production technique/s for
both the granular and dust formulation. Two stage mass production processes i.e. blastospore production
in liquid media and inoculation of blastospores in solid media will be followed (Keller, 2000). The
locally available, cheap and suitable substrates such as maize grits (may be quality protein maize), broken
rice, wheat and barley grains will be used for mass production of fungus. Mass production technique of
fungus will be delivered through training to the interested partners.
3. Technology for sustainable and ecological management of white grubs disseminated
For the dissemination of white grub management technology help from the private sector, I/NGOs and
government offices will be made available. The mass production technology will be handover to private
sector though MercyCorps, Birtamod, Jhapa and cooperatives through SMCL. The MercyCorps will
facilitate to the access of loan to private sectors for the multiplication and marketing of fungus. Further,
this I/NGO will also provide logistic/technical support in motivating farmers group. The project will also
carry out activities such as field demonstration, training and publication for further dissemination of
project outputs. SMCL will collect funds from different sources for the establishment of laboratory in the
cooperative itself for the mass production of fungus. After completion of the project, ARS, Pakhribas
will be responsible for sustainable supply of virulent inoculums of fungus to the identified mass producer.
The Metarhizium anisopliae can be a best alternative to chemical for the management of white grubs in
particular and other insect in general. Therefore the demand of the fungal formulation as a bio pesticide
will increase and mass producer and end users will both benefit and technology will sustained in long
run.
Activities
Progress status
Remarks
1.1 Base line survey to assess white grub A baseline survey was conducted The activity is completed.
severity and population dynamics in in
Dhankuta
(Dhankuta Crop farming is the major
selected high value crops
Municipality
and
Parewadin livelihood of the farmers
V.D.C.), Ilam (Pashupatinagar, which is followed by rearing
Godak and Panchakanya VDCs) livestock
and
vegetable
and Panchthar (Fidim VDC) farming.
districts and identified the white Cabbage farming is the major
grub population dynamics, white crop of the farmers of
grub severe area, crop loss caused Parewadin VDC. However
by the grubs and management Potato, maize are the major
crops of other research areas.
practices followed by farmers.
During the past 5 years,
severity of White grubs
increased
in
Cabbage,
cauliflower, ginger and other
crops.
Crop loss of 5-80% has been
occurred in different farmers
fields depending up on the
crop.
Mixed cropping, crop rotation
and
use
of
chemical
pesticides
are
the
management techniques used
by the farmers for the control
179
1.2 Collections of fungal pathogen
from white grub cadaver and soil
samples
1.3 Preservation of collected fungus
and
maintenance
of
galleria
population in laboratory
180
of white grubs.
Average number of grubs in
1m X1m plot was 2 which
varied from 1 to 13.
Based on this information,
hot
spot
for
field
demonstration
were
identified.
- The activity is completed.
- Several fungal isolates of
M. anisopliae has been
isolated and collected
from the cadavers
Two hundred grubs and soil
samples (from each sites) were
collected
from
different
ecological zones (high, and mid
hills of Dhankuta, Panchthar and
Ilam). The collected grubs were
reared
in
the
laboratory
individually in 60-100 ml
capacity transparent cylindrical
plastic
bottles
with
cap
perforated and observed for dead
and alive on weekly basis up to
three month. The cause of death
were identified and recorded.
The dead grub due to fungus
Metarhizium anisopliae were
kept on the surface of the soil on
the rearing box and incubated at
270 C to allow for sporulation on
the cadaver. The soil samples
from the selected area were
collected and fungus from the
soil samples were isolated using
larvae of galleria (maintained in
laboratory) as bait for fungus.
The fungal pathogens were
isolated from the cadaver of the
grubs and the cadaver of the
galleria and inoculated in the the
selective and semi selective
media and incubated in 250 C.
activity
is
in
All the isolates have been kept - The
progress.
for long-term preservation for
isolated/collected
future reference. Fungus is - The
fungi isolates have been
stored in the refrigerator (4-80C)
preserved and maintained
for up to one year. After each
in
ARS,
Pakhribas
three transfers, a host passage
Laboratory.
has been repeated to maintain
fungus virulence. This was done
by infecting the original host of
fungus i.e. white grubs, by the
isolates of core collection.
The population of Greater wax
moth Galleria melonella is
necessary for the baiting of
1.4 Assess the core collection through
bioassay
2.1 Identification of suitable mass
multiplication media
fungus in the soil samples. These
insect larvae are also required for
the monitoring of the fungus
population in the fungus treated
plots. This insects population has
been maintained in the laboratory
by rearing them in the artificial
diet as prescribed in the standard
protocol.
The bioassay of the core
collections has been carried out
in larva of white grubs in
controlled condition to identify
the most virulent fungus
pathogen that can be massproduced.
The
bioassay
experiment was conducted in the
insect pathology laboratory
following dipping method at 107
spore/ml concentration of spore
suspension in water. Total
number of insect per treatment
(isolate) is 90 for three
replication i.e. 30 insect per
replication and control (Dipping
in distilled water) for each set of
experiment. The experiment was
conducted
in
Complete
Randomized Design (CRD).
Weekly observation was taken
for live and dead grubs and the
food was replaced. The efficacy
% was calculated by using
modified Abbott’s formula.
As the fungus needs nutrients for
its development, Maize grits,
broken rice, barley grains and
wheat grains were assessed. The
best isolates (Pma 1 and Pma 2)
were selected from the activity
1.5 and mass-produced in these
medium.
The detail method for mass
production was two stage
production system. First the
blastospore production in liquid
media and inoculation of
blastospores in solid substrates
(barley grains, maize grits,
broken
rice
etc).
The
composition of liquid media was
- Grubs killed by the
isolates
differed
significantly (P<0.001).
- Pma 1 killed the highest
percentage (73.3%) of
white grubs. However,
Pma 2 was found
statistically at par with
pma 1hp.
- Under control condition,
grubs were not died due
to fungal infection.
- Likewise, death of the
grubs due to other factors
did
not
differ
significantly.
- Thus, the result indicated
that the M. anisopliae
isolates Pma 1 and Pma 2
are more virulent and
more
efficient
in
controlling white grubs
among the tested isolates
and can be used in mass
production and field
trials.
- Barley grains was the
most suitable media for
multiplication of M.
anisopliae
as
fungal
growth was better it in
barley grains than other
media.
- Other media has higher
level of contamination
problem. Moreover they
took longer time for
development of fungus.
181
2.2 Identification of suitable fungal
formulation
3.1 Handover Mass Production
techniques to SMCL and Mercy
Crops
3.2 Field demonstration
182
as prescribed by Dr Keller
(Protocol for mass production).
Suitable fungal formulation
(granular, dust, wettable powder
etc) was prepared and their
efficacy were tested at the
research
station.
Granular
formulation were prepared in
barley grains, maize grits and
broken rice will be use for
production of spore dust.
The local entrepreneurs (existing
cooperatives/ pesticide sellers/
farmers groups) having capacity
for the production of the fungus
inoculums will be identified and
provided training on the mass
production technique of quality
inoculums. MercyCorps will
facilitate to the access of fund as a
loan through Nirdhan Utthan
Bank and other commercial bank
to the local cooperative or private
entrepreneur who come forward
for the commercialization of the
bio-pesticide particularly the
Metarhizium anisopliae.
Farmers who are associated in
groups in Mercy Corp Nepal
and
Sindhuwa
Multiple
cooperative
limited
were
selected for the experiment. This
activity were initiated using
isolates already tested at ARS,
Pakhribas from the first year of
the project.
The plot size is 100 -150 m2
depending up on the availability
of land and farmers were the
replication. At least two farmers
in each site and two sites in each
district were selected. After
application of the fungus the
population of grubs, infection rate
and damage to crops will be
assessed and fungal population
will be monitored. Finally the
crop yield will be taken. The
treated field and untreated field
will be observed by the
collaborating
organizations,
farmers, reporters and other line
agencies.
- Granular formulation in
barley The activity is
completed.
- grains was the most
suitable formulation for
application
of
M.
anisopliae in the field.
- The activity relating to
the output 3 has not
started yet but it will be
proceeding as planned in
the next trimester. Hence,
output will therefore be
achieved as originally
planned.
- The activity relating to
the output 3 has started
and is proceeding as
planned, and no problems
have
arisen
in
implementation.
The
output will therefore be
achieved as originally
planned
3.3 Farmers training, stakeholder
workshop,
publication
and
distribution of booklets and posters.
A booklet will be published - The activity relating to
containing the research outputs
this output 3 has not
and series of training and
started yet but it will be
workshop will be organized in
proceeding as planned.
consultation with the existing
Thus, the output will
NGOs, DADOs and farmers'
therefore be achieved as
cooperatives. In training farmers
originally planned
logistic support will be borne both
by Mercy Corp and the research
project.
1. The survey revealed that Crop farming is the major livelihood of the farmers which is followed by
rearing livestock and vegetable farming. Cabbage farming is the major crop of the farmers of Parewadin
VDC. However, Potato, maize are the major crops of other research areas. Farmers perceived that
White grubs have become severe at different times in the past causing moderate to severe damage to
agriculture. During the past 5 years, severity of White grubs increased in Cabbage, cauliflower, ginger
and other crops. Crop loss of 5-80% has been occurred in different farmers fields depending up on the
crop. Mixed cropping, crop rotation and use of chemical pesticides are the management techniques used
by the farmers for the control of white grubs. Farmers ranked ginger as the first and cabbage as the
second crop severely attacked by the white grub. Average number of grubs in 1m X1m plot was 2 which
varied from 1 to 13.
2. The result indicated that the M. anisopliae isolates Pma 1 and Pma 2 are more virulent and more
efficient in controlling white grubs among the tested isolates and can be used in mass production and
field trials.
3. The experiment revealed that barley grains was the most suitable media for multiplication of M.
anisopliae as the fungal growth was better it in barley grains than other media. Other media has higher
level of contamination problem. Moreover they took longer time for development of fungus.
4. Granular formulation in barley grains was the most suitable formulation for application of M. anisopliae
in the field.
183
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Collaborating
organisations:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Utilization of Organic Solid Waste for Organic Oriented Vegetable
Farming in Madhyapur Thimi Municipality (UMGOVFM)
PP NO. 712/2009/10
Mr. Dinesh P. Sapkota (Mobile No: 9841948030)
P. O.Box-19225; Tinkune, Kathmandu
016211313;
N/A
[email protected]
N/A
October 1, 2010
March 31, 2013
End Date:
Rs.19,86,085
Madhyapur Municipality, Ward No 3, 5 and 12
PROJECT SUMMARY
B1: Background
Organic farming is an integrated farming system which involves technical aspects (soil, agronomy, and weed
and pest management) and economic aspects (input, output and marketing) as well as human health
(Lampkin,1990). Thus, organic agriculture optimizes the health and productivity of interdependent
communities of soil life, plants, animals, and people (NOSB 2003). However, use of chemical fertilizers for
increasing the productivity of agriculture products is growing to meet the demand of ever increasing
population of the world. Consequently, the negative effect of inorganic chemical such as insecticides,
pesticides, herbicides have been significantly observed in farmers as well as consumers resulting serious
health problems. Nevertheless, organic vegetable farming has its own bottleneck. Production will reduce
drastically at the first two to three years while shifting to organic farming. That is why, farmer are apathetic
for the organic vegetable farming. Conversely, farmers are being attracted towards organic vegetable farming
due to its demerits. Also consumers’ awareness level has been increasing that is why they are ready to pay
extra money for the organic vegetables. It shows that the prospect of organic vegetable farming has been ever
increasing.
On the other hand, solid waste management problem is escalating in all the municipalities of the Kathmandu
valley which become headaches of inhabitants in valley. Nevertheless, land use pattern in this municipality is
changing drastically from agricultural to residential due to rapid urbanization. This has further aggravated the
problem of how to manage the solid waste in proposed municipality. In fact, this was the reputed municipality
where traditional agriculture had widely been practiced by most of the dwellers in the past (ICIMOD, 2007).
Action plan (2005) reported that about 80% of the totals municipal were used for farming purposes as per
1991 census. Now the situation has changed. Farming area is being not only reduced butt also agro-chemical
has been used haphazardly. It seems that organic vegetable farming is only solution to overcome the both
aforementioned problems.
In this scenario, this project, thus aims to initiate organic oriented vegetable farming among farming
communities of Madyapur-Thimi Municipality with the purpose of solid waste management.
B2: Purpose of the Project
Action plan (2005) reported that 70% of solid waste is organic waste which can be utilized in the manure
production. Similarly, it is reported that each household produces 1kg organic waste. In total, 300 household
produce 346 organic wastes. It is prevalent practices in this municipality that solid waste are being dumped on
roads or vacant land or on banks of rives. (MLD, 2005). On the other hand, farmers are practicing higher use
of agro-chemicals and chemical fertilizers in order to increase the productivity. Knowingly and unknowingly,
several agrochemicals and nitrogenous fertilizers have been used by farmers beyond the limitations which
have accelerated the anima and human health hazards. On the contrary, side by side consumers’ level of
awareness towards the harmful effects of agro-chemical has also been increasing day by day.
184
In this context, the main purpose of this project is to address the emerging problems of organic solid waste by
composting with the aim of organic oriented vegetable farming. Technical knowledge of organic solid waste
management scheme provides greater opportunities to inhabitants of this municipality to develop MadyapurThimi as a clean city. Use of organic manure will enhance the eco-friendly vegetable farming practices.
Moreover, organic oriented vegetable farming might improve livelihood of rural families proving better
nutrition and income compare to existing practices. Scientific evidences have demonstrated that organic
vegetable farming could be one of the profitable and sustainable systems which could bring socio-economical
changes for the betterment of the society in the long run. It is thus expected that utilization of organic waste
in organic oriented vegetable farming will be one of the potential options not only for sustainable solid waste
management but also promote organic vegetable farming.
B3: Target Groups and Beneficiaries
The major beneficiary would be 300 households in term of organic SW management. Out of them 100
farmers of Madhyapur Municipality would be directly benefitted from organic oriented vegetable farming.
Among these farmers, females (50%), ethnic minority (20%), marginalized and disadvantaged groups (15%)
are highly encouraged to take part in the project. Equally, the local traders, entrepreneurs and exporters will
be benefited as a result of project activities. It will create additional employment for men and women in the
region because of introduced vegetable production and marketing activities. Farmers are expected to mobilize
family labor and utilize freely available resources. Further, the successful implementation of this project will
enhance the environmental condition of Madhyapur-Thimi and adjoining area.
Organic fresh vegetable sellers, consumer and organic vegetable sellers and user benefit from this project. In
addition as the organic farming is replicable, whole nation will be benefitted. All in all, this project will bear
the fruitful results for local, central, regional, national and international organic oriented vegetable production
and solid waste management.
D2: Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Output wise objectively verifiable indicators have been identified (see log frame). Accordingly at least 70%
increase in solid waste management and organic vegetable production with 10% increase in income of
participating farmers compare to those non-participating farmers after completion of two and half year project
period. About 100 households in Madhyapur-Thimi Municipality of ward No. 3, 5 and 12 participate with
successful (100 %) utilization of solid waste for organic vegetable production with sound marketing, ensuing
10% increase in annual household (50) income after 30 months. Similarly, upon the completion of the project,
sanitary situation along with economic parameters in project sites will be thoroughly improved. The box
below shows the detail of verifiable indicators of the project:
Box 1: Verifiable Indicators of the Project
1. Baseline information of at least 300 households for solid waste management and vegetable farming
system analyzed
2. A community based solid waste management system incorporating 300 HHs established
3. At least 100 farmers (8-10 farmers’ group) including 20% poor, Dalit and marginalized farmers about
organic oriented vegetable farming trained and additional 1 tone of organic oriented vegetables
produced
4. 10 % additional income of 50 HHs by producing organic vegetables increased.
5. A farmers’ cooperative for marketing of organic oriented vegetable products from project area
established
B6: Up-scaling of the Project
This project is eco-friendly, technically feasible, sustainable so that this can be disseminated faster anywhere
in Nepal especially those areas that are facing the solid waste management problem. Stakeholders’ workshop
will be conducted to share the project experiences which will upscale the project among local community
along with adjoining areas. Leaflets will be developed based on findings of the project activities. Audio-visual
documentary will be prepared of the entire project activities which will be milestone for sharing the project
learning with stakeholders. Trimester, annual and final reports will be prepared as the NARDF guidelines.
Project findings will be documented and published in due period of time that will be made available to public.
At the end of project, final report will be circulated to all municipalities including metropolitan cities.
185
Targeted Outputs:
Out-put 1 : Existing situation of SW and vegetable farming system analyzed.
Out-put 2 : Farmers’ group formed and mobilized.
Out-put 3 : One community based solid waste management system established.
Out-put 4 : Community based organic vegetable produced; market channel established.
Out-put 5 : Project outcome up-scaled.
Activities
Progress
Remarks
status
Out-put 1: Existing situation of SW and vegetable farming system analyzed.
Activity 1.1 Meeting with stakeholders
In first trimester of I year
Completed
Activity 1.2 Baseline information collection Completed
Out-put 2: Farmers’ group formed and mobilized.
Activity 2.1 Organic vegetable group Completed
6 groups having 137 farmers formed and
formation
mobilized
Activity 2.2 Training to the participant On-going
361 participants (266 female, 95 male)
farmers and community people
no. of farmers trained on the aspects of
vegetable production
Out-put 3: One community based solid waste management system established
Activity 3.1 organic waste collection Completed
mechanism
Activity 3.2 Manure structure construction
49 manure structures constructed
Completed
Activity 3.3 Organic waste composting Completed
initiation
Out-put 4: Community Based organic vegetable produced; market channel established
Activity 4.1 Crop calendar preparation
Completed
Activity 4.2 Input supplies to the participant On-going
Seed of 53 Kg of around 10 species
farmers
distributed
300 buckets for separation of organic and
inorganic solid wastes
Materials for preparation of biopesticides distributed to 100 households
Activity 4.3 organic vegetable production on On-going
Around 21 tons of organic vegetables
farmers’ field
produced
Activity 4.4 Farmers field demonstration on On-going
103 farmers received the service on biobio-pesticide preparation
pesticides.
Activity 4.5 Organic oriented vegetable On-track
Planned for III year
certification
Activity
4.6
Marketing
channel On-track
Planned for II year; III trimester
establishment
Out-put 5: Project outcome up-scaled.
Activity 5.1 Tour and visit of the participant Completed
Two study tour completed 19 male and 18
farmers
female participated
Activity 5.2 Workshops meetings
Activity
5.3
dissemination
186
Documentation
On-going
and
On-going
One for each group and all group
members were present.
Documentation of baseline information
and workshop are mentioned and timely
update in going on.
• All farmer groups, register to DADO, have not only boosted accountability and co-ordination among
farmers but also improved the awareness on the importance of management of organic waste.
• Production of organic waste compost (from farm and kitchen) has reduced the dependence on agrochemicals and chemical fertilizers for enhancing agricultural productivity as well as played significant
role in reduction of organic waste which were mostly dumped on roadside.
• Effective use of micro-organism and preparation of bio-pesticides not only aid in the prolific
production of vegetable but also enhanced soil quality which has initiated towards organic vegetable
production.
• Demonstration tour, training and workshops are appeared to be effective tool for preparation of crop
calendar, crop rotation and bio-pesticides preparation.
• Linkage with local stack-holders; Agriculture Development Bank, Municipality, mechanism of saving
in local Cooperative, HASERA Resource Center, Kavre etc. have played great role in local capacity
development and sustainability of farmers groups.
187
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
ul/lj lgjf/0fsf nflu :6]leof k|j4{g kl/of]hgf
713/2009/10
Buddhi Pokharel
Gaighat, Udaypur
035-420547
035-420547
[email protected]
Peace Society Center(PESOC) , Gaighat Udaypur
23 September, 2010 End Date: 22 September, 2012
NRs 19,98,355/Udaypur , Gaighat Nepal
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
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pGglt u/]/ dfq} ;Dej b]lvPsf] 5, ;f] sf] nflu ljBdfg s[lif cg';Gwfg / ljsf;nfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ug'{sf ;fy} afXo
b'lgofdf ljsf; ePsf k|ljlw, cj;/x?sf] lj:tf/ u/]sf] v08df g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfo cfh{g eO{ hLljsf]kfh{g x'g]5 .
o; k|:tfjgfdf STEVIA -g]kfnLdf rLgL lj?jf jf rLgL emf/ elgG5_ nfO{ pbok'/ lhNnfsf pk{o'Qm uf=lj=;sf s[ifsx?df
v]tL u/fO{ ;f] sf] pTkfbg ljqmL ljt/0f u/L pgLx?sf] cfo cfh{gdf j[l4 u/L pgLx?sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg
d2t ug'{ k|d'v p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . :6]leof Ps ax'alif{o / ax'pkof]uL h8La'6L xf] . o;sf] j}1flgs gfd Stevia
Rebaudiana Bertoni xf] . h'g Asteraceae jfg:klts kl/jf/df k5{ / o;sf] pTklt kf/fUj] / a|flhndf ePsf] dflgG5 .
of] lj?jf rLgLsf] ljsNksf] ?kdf h'g;'s} 7fpdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . of] ax'pkof]uL lj?jfsf] dw'd]x, /Qmrfksf
/f]uLx?sf] nflu cr's cf}ifwLhGo jg:klt xf], cfhef]nL jhf/df kfOg] dw'd]xsf /f]uLsf] nflu kfO{g] cf}ifwL o;}af6
ag]sf x'G5\g\ . :6leof pv'eGbf !% u'0ff / o;sf] k|zf]wgaf6 lgsflnPsf] :6]leof];fO{8 #)) u'0ff a9L u'lnof] /x]sf]
k|dfl0ft ePsf]5 . hfkfg, rLg, cd]l/sf, o'/f]lkog h:tf ljsl;t / wlg d'n'sdf lrgLsf] ;6\6fdf :6]leof k|of]u
Jof;flos ?kdf ePsf] 5 . ljif]ztM dw'd]x /f]un] dxfdf/Lsf] ?k lnb}+ u/]sf] cj:yf / of] jg:kltsf] k|of]uaf6 ;f] af6
d'lQm kfpg] ePsf] x'bf :6]leofsf] eljio Jofks /x]sf]5 . g]kfn h:tf] ljljw ef}uf]lns /x]sf] d'n'sdf :6]leofsf] v]tL
Jofks :t/df u/L g]kfnL s[ifsx?sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ x'g] ;'lglZrt b]lvPsf] 5 . lsg ls o;sf] cGt/fli6o ahf/
Jofks / ;'lglZrt ;d]t /x]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 .
:6]leof cf}ifwLo'Qm ax'jlif{o -Ps k6s /f]k] kl5 !)/!% jif{ jfRg] _ lj?jf x'g'sf ;fy} g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgLdf o;sf]
v]tL ;kmntf k"j{s x'g ;Sg] kfO{Psf] 5 . o;sf] pTkflbt j:t' kftx? x'g h:sf] jhf/ ;'lglZrt x'g'sf ;fy} k|lt OsfO{
cfDbfgL ;d]t cGo vfBfGgjfnLsf] t'ngfdf s}of} u'0ff a9L x'g] kfOPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] t/fO{, leqL dw]z / kxf8sf]
xfjfkfgL hxf+ kfgL hDg] ;d:of 5}g / cfjZos k/]sf] a]nfdf l;rfO{ ug{ ;lsG5 ;f] :yfgdf o;sf] v]tL ;kmntf k"j{s
ug{ ;lsG5 . cf}iflwsf] cltl/Qm o'/f]lkog d'n'sx?df :6]leofnfO{ rLgLsf] ljsNksf] ?kdf Jofj;flos ?kdf ld7fO{,
rsn]6, cfO;lqmd, kfp/f]6L, k|zfwgsf ;fdu|L cflbdf k|;:t dfqf ul/Psf] 5 . :6]leof g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgLdf ;kmntf
k"j{s v]tL x'gsf ;fy} jif{df $/ % k6s ;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 hals 708f d'n"ndf s]jn Ps k6s dfq lng]
ul/Psf] 5 . of] yf]/} g]kfnLx? dfem kl/lrt ax'pkfo]fuL jg:klt g]kfnL xfjfkfgL, df6f]df ;kmntf ljut #/$ jif{ b]lv
v]tL eO{ cfPsf] / ahf/Ls/0fsf] ;d]t ;'lglZrtf ePsf] x'+bf g]kfnL s[ifsx?sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] b]lv of]
k|:tfjgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofO{Psf] 5 . o;sf p2]Zox? b]xfo cg';f/ /flvPsf 5g\ .
hgtfdf :6]leofsf] dxTj kmfO{bf / pTkfbg k|ljlw af
- /] hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .
- of] kl/of]hgf] k|f/Dedf l;dfGts[t s[ifsx?sf] ;xefuLtfdf sfo{qmd z'? u/L qmdzM Jofj;flos ?kdf 7"nf
ls;fgx? ;Dd lj:tf/ ug]{ .
188
-
-
g]kfn nufot ;+;f/ el/g} lbgfg'lbg a9\b} uO/x]sf] dw'd]x h:tf] vt/gfs /f]uaf6 d'lQm lbnfpg ;d'bfo :t/ af6}
kxn cuf8L a9fpg] .
:6]leof h:tf] Ps gofF cf}ifwLo'Qm, ax'aifL{o tyf ax'pkof]uL gub]jfnLsf] cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] .
pbok'/ lhNnfsf] b'O{ uflj; / Ps gu/kflnsf af6 z'? u/L cGo uflj;x?df o;sf] pTkfbg If]q a[l4 ub}{ qmdzM
l5d]sL lhNnf ;Dd o;sf] lj:tf/ ug]{ .
Beneficiaries
of] kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{If]q pbok'/ lhNnfsf] lqo'uf g=kf= / ;f] ;+u hf]l8Psf hf]uLbx / xl8of uf=lj=;= s[ifs ;d"x
dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . o; kl/of]hgfaf6 k|ToIf ?kdf l;dfGts[t yf?, bg'jf/, af]6] / d';x/ kl/jf/x? nfeflGjt
ePsf5g\ pgLx?nfO{ :6]leofsf] lj?jf pTkfbg, /f]k0f, x]/rfx, s6fgL, ;'sfpg] tyf Kofs]lh8= ug]{ h:tf k|fljlws
ljifodf tflnd ;+rfng u/L bIftf / lzk clej[l4 ul/Psf]5 . To;} u/L ;f] ;d"xx?nfO{ ;d"x kl/rfng, clen]lvLs/0f,
ld6L8= dfOg'6 ;DaGwL tflnd, uf]i7L cfof]hgf u/L pgLx?nfO{ bIf agfpg] hdsf]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
of] kl/of]hgfaf6 nlIft ;d'bfosf # ;o kl/jf/ kl/of]hgf cjlw leq k|ToIf ?kdf ;xefuL eO{ nfeflGjt x'g]5g\ .
o;}u/L kl/of]hgf ;dflKt kl5 klg cGo ;d'bfox? ;d]t qmdz M nfeflGjt x'Fb} ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5 .
Narrative Summary
Objectively Verifiable
Indicators (OVI)
Goal
:6]leofsf] Jofj;flos
v]tLaf6 pbok'/ lhNnfsf #
;o 3/kl/jf/ jflif{s cfo
cfh{gdf ? %) xhf/
cfDbfgL eO{
hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ ePsf]
x'g] 5 .
!) j6f s[ifs ;d"xsf
#)) 3/kl/jf/sf] jflif{s
cfo cfh{gdf slDtdf %)
xhf/n] j[l4 x'g] 5 .
Purpose
cufdL @ aif{ leq o;
kl/of]hgf af6 k|ToIf
nfeflGjt eO{ kl/of]hgf
If]qsf # ;o kl/jf/n] k|lt
kl/jf/ aflif{s Go'gtd
krf; xhf/ ;Dd yk
cfDbfgL ug]{5 .
⋅ :6]leofsf] dxTj,
kmfObf af/]df &% k|ltzt
;xefuL s[ifsx?n] atfpg
;Sg] 5g\ .
⋅ :6]leof cfo cfh{gsf]
alnof] dfWodsf] ?kdf
ljsfl;t eO{ #))
kl/jf/n] k|ltjif{ ? %)
xhf/ cfo cfh{g ug]{5g\
⋅ %) hgf dw'd]x /
/Qmrfksf lj/fdLx?n]
:6]leofsf] k|of]uaf6 kmfObf
lng]5g\ .
Means of
verification
(MOV)
Progress till date
⋅
!! s[ifs ;d"xsf #)) eGbf
3/kl/jf/n] o;sf] af/]df
hfgsf/L kfPsf 5g\, h;
dWo] %) %n] cfDbfgL j[l4
u/]sf 5g\
k|ult k|ltj]bg
⋅ d"Nofs+g k|ltj]bg
⋅ kl/of]hgfsf]
k|fljlws tyf cfly{s
k|ltj]bg
⋅ pkef]Qmfx?sf]
k|ltlqmof, egfO{
⋅ :jf:Yo rf}sLsf]
k|ltj]bg
⋅ :6]leof v]tLdf ;+nUg
ePsf () % eGbf a9LnfO{
o;sf] dxTjsf] af/]df
hfgsf/L ePsf] 5 .
⋅ :6]leofsf] k|of]uaf6 @))
eGbf a9L dw'd]xsf /f]uLn]
kmfObf lnPsf 5g\ .
⋅ :6]leofsf] dxTjsf] af/]df
lhNnf leq / aflx/ Jofks
hfgsf/L km}lnPsf] 5 .
⋅ pbok'/sf] klxrfgdf
:6]leof ylkPsf] 5 .
Outputs:
!= s[ifs ;d"xn] :6]leof
v]tL Jofj;flos ?kdf ug]{
5g\
⋅
!) s[ifs ;d"x u7g
eO{ Joj;flos ?kdf v]tL
u/]sf x'g] 5g
⋅
% x] If]qkmn
:6]leofsf] v]tL ul/Ps]f
⋅
;d"x u7gsf]
ljj/0f
⋅
kl/of]hgfsf]
k|ltj]bg
⋅ !! s[ifs ;d"x dfkm{t $
x] hldgdf o;sf] v]tL
ePs]f 5 .
⋅ Sfo{If]qsf] cltl/Qm cGo
uf=lj=;= / lhNnfdf o;sf]
189
Narrative Summary
Objectively Verifiable
Indicators (OVI)
Means of
verification
(MOV)
x'g]5 .
@= :6]leofsf] pTkfbg
jflif{s % 6g eO{ ;d'bfosf]
cfo cfh{g j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5
.
#=pbok'/ lhNnf :6]leofsf]
;|f]t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf :yfkgf
x'g]5
$=:6]leofsf] dxTj,
pkof]lutf, v]tL ug]{ tl/sf
af/]df k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf]
x'g]5
%= :6]leofsf] g;{/L :yfkgf,
k|;f/0f, harvesting,
processing ;DaGwL !%
hgf bIf hgzlQm lgdf{0f
x'g]5
kl/of]hgfdf ;xefuL k|lt
s[ifs kl/jf/sf] jflif{s
cfodf slDtdf %) xhf/n]
j[l4 x'g] 5
⋅ @ j6f g;{/L :yfkgf
eO{ @) xhf/ j6f
:6]leofsf lj?jfsf] cfk"lt{
ePsf] x'g]5 .
⋅ g;{/L ;+rfngaf6 @
hgf s[ifsx?n] jflif{s
cfodf slDtdf ? %)
xhf/ j[l4 ug]{5g\
⋅ :6]leof ;DaGwL
!))) k'l:tsf k|sfzg eO{
ljt/0f x'g]5 .
⋅ :6]leof ;DaGwL Ps
Video
documentary tof/L
u/L ;f]sf] !))) yfg CD
ljt/)f ljt/0f ul/g] .
⋅ g;{/L :yfkgf, k|;f/0f
harvesting,
processing
;DaGwL
tLg lbg] tflnd ;+rfng
x'g] 5 .
⋅ !)
j6f
;d"x
;b:ox?af6 !% hgf
k|lZIffyL{ 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .
⋅ !% hgf bIf hgzlQm
tof/ x'g]5g\
Progress till date
v]tL lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 .
;d"xsf] ljqmL
ljt/0fsf] nua's jf
cfo cfh{g lx;fa
lstfj k'l:tsf
⋅ kl/of]hgfsf]
jflif{s k|ltj]bg
⋅ g;{/Lsf] ljj/0f
⋅ g;{/Lsf]
ljt/0fsf] nua's
⋅ k'l:tsf tof/L /
ljt/0f
⋅ VIDEO
documentary
tof/L / ljt/0f
⋅ tflnd ljj/0f ;xefuL
;+Vof,
tflndsf
lsl;d,
cjlw cflb ljj/0f _
⋅ tlfndsf
bIf
;xefuLsf] ljj/0f
tLg hg s[ifsn] dfl;s %
xhf/ eGbf a9L o;sf] kft
laqmLaf6 cfo cfh{g j[l4
u/]sf 5g\
ePsf / dfu cg';f/sf]
lj?jf cfk"lt{ x'g;S5 .
⋅ % hgf s[ifs :6]leofsf]
lj?jf pTkfbg ug{ ;Ifd
ePsf 5g\ .
⋅ %))) eGbf a9L k'l:tsf
k|sfzg ul/ ljt/0f k|rf/
k|;f/ Jofks :t/df ul/Psf]
⋅ Documentary
;DaGwL kmf]6f] lvRg] sfd
ePsf] 5
ePsf / % hgf s[ifsx?
:6]leofsf] lj?jf pTkfbg
ug{ bIf ePsf 5g\ .
pgLx?n] cGo s[ifsx?nfO{
;d]t ;f] ;Lk l;sfpg]
u/]sf 5g\ .
⋅ pbok'/df :6]leofsf
lj?jf kfOG5 .
Up-scaling Pathways
pbok'/ lhNnfnfO{ :6]leofsf] >f]t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; u/fpg] Wo]osf ;fy ;+rfng ul/Psf] of] sfo{qmdaf6 tflnd,
uf]i7L, cjnf]sg e|d0f, 5nkmn, cGt/lqmof cflbsf] cfof]hgf u/L s[ifsx?sf] bIftfdf j[l4 u/L :6]leofsf lj?jf kfpg
;lsg] ePsf] 5 . of] kl/of]hgfaf6 ljsl;t ul/Psf s[ifsn] lhNnf leq tyf aflx/ cfjZos ;+Vofdf lj?jf pknJw
u/fpb} cfPsf 5g\ .
s[ifsx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ qmddf b]zsf] cGo lhNnfdf ul/Psf] :6]leof v]tLsf] cjnf]sg e|d0f, cGt/lqmofsf]
dfWodaf6 pgLx?sf] Ifdtf j[l4 x'sf ;fy} cfTd lj?jf ;d]t a9]sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm :6]leof ;DaGwL cGt/fli6o lj1x?
;+u ;+d]t g;{/Lsf] e|d0f / pgLx? ljr cGt/lqmof ;+rfng u/L Ifdtf ljsf;sf lqmofsnfk ;+rfng ul/of] . g]kfnL
190
dfem yf]/} dfqnfO{ hfgsf/L /x]sf] :6]leofsf] dxTj, pkof]u, v]tL ug]{ tl/sf, ahf/Ls/0f ;DaGwL hfgsf/LnfO{
clen]lvs/0f u/L ;+rf/sf ljleGg dfWod dfkm{t k|rf/ k|;f/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
o;sf] lj:tf/nfO{ cem ;zQm ?kdf ug{ lhNnf, If]qLo tyf /fli6o :t/df cfof]hgf x'g] ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L
lgsfox?sf] ljleGg k|ult ;ldIff, of]hgf th'{ uf]i7Lx?df ;xefuL eO{ of] k|:tfjgfsf] l;sfO{ pknJwLx?nfO{ k|rf/ ug]{
ul/Psf]5 . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] nflu of] gf}nf] jfnLnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ePsf k|fljlws, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf
ahf/Ls/0fsf kIfx?nfO{ ;d]6L clen]lvs/0f ul/ ;f] sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ljz]if hf]8 lbO{b} cfPsf] 5 .
Targeted Outputs:
OUTPUT
ACHIEVEMENT
s[ifs ;d"xn] :6]leof v]tL Jofj;flos
?kdf ug]{ 5g\
− !! j6f ;d"xsf @% hgf s[ifsx?n] Jofj;flos ?kdf :6]leofsf]
v]tL ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
:6]leofsf] pTkfbg jflif{s % 6g eO{
;d'bfosf] cfo cfh{g j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .
− xfn ;Dd % hgf s[ifsx?n] jflif{s ;/b/ ? @%))) cfDbfgL
lj?jf / :6]leofsf] kft a]r]/ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . h'g a9\bf] qmddf 5 .
pbok'/ lhNnf :6]leofsf] ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf − pbok'/ lhNnfdf dfu cg';f/sf] :6]leofsf] lj?jf kfO{G5 o;sf]
:yfkgf x'g]5
nflu clu|d k]ZsL lbO{ rfx]sf] dfqfdf lj?jf kfpg ;lsG5 .
:6]leofsf] dxTj, pkof]lutf, v]tL ug]{
tl/sf af/]df k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf] x'g]5
:6]leofsf] g;{/L :yfkgf, k|;f/0f,
harvesting, processing ;DaGwL !%hgf bIf
hgzlQm lgdf{0f x'g]5
− k'l:tsf k|sfzg / ljt/0f /]l8of]af6 k|;f/0f eO{ o;sf] dxTj,
kmfO{bf / v]tL ug]{ tl/sfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L Jofks :t/df lhNnfdf
ePsf] 5 . cGoq lhNnfaf6 ;d]t lj?jf lng cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
− :6]leofsf] v]tLdf ;nUg ;a} s[ifsx?nfO{ g;{/L :yfkgf, k|;f/0f,
xf/e]li68=, k|zf]wg ;DaGwL bIftf xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ / pgLx?
c?nfO{ ;d]t cfkm\gf] lzk l;sfpg ;Sg] ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5.
SN
Activities
!
lhNnf :tl/o cled'lvs/0f
uf]i7L
@
;d'bfo e]nf / s[ifs ;d"x
u7g
#
:6]leof ;DaGwL k|rf/
k|;f/ / hgr]tgf clej[l4
$
:6]leof k|j4{g tflnd
%
cfdf j]gf{ vl/b / 9'jfgL
Progress status
Remarks
sfo{qmdsf] z'?df g} lhNnf :t/df ;+rfng ul/of] h:df %@ hgf
;xefuL ePsf lyP, of] uf]i7Ldf :6]leofsf cGt/fli6o lj1af6
k|fljlws kIfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] lyof] . of] uf]i7Ldf
lhNnfsf ;DaGwL lgsfosf k|ltlgwL, s[ifs, kqsf/ cflbsf]
;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{If]qsf gu/kflnsfdf j8f :t/df / uf=lj=;=:t/df u/L hDdf
( j6f s[ifs ;d"xsf] e]nf u/fO{ sfo{qmdsf] k|j]z u/fO{Psf] lyof] .
;f] e]nfdf ;d'bfo:t/df ePsf ;d"xnfO{ g} ;lqmo u/fO{Psf] /
;d"x gePsf] :yfgdf dfq} 5'6\6} ;d"x u7g ul/of] . ;f] e]nfdf
;xefuLx?nfO{ :6]leofsf] dxTj / v]tL ug]{ tl/sf, ahf/Ls/0fsf]
af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] lyof] .
k'l:tsf k|sfzg ul/ ljt/0f ul/of], :yfgLo Pkm=Pd dfkm{t
:6]leof v]tL / dxTj af/]df k|rf/ k|;f/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
!% hgf s[ifsx?nfO{ :6]leofsf] k|fljlws / ;}BflGts kIfsf
af/]df tflndsf] cfof]hgf u/L bIftf clej[l4 ul/of] . ;fy}
lj?jfsf] cj:yf cg';f/ cfjZos kg]{ k|fljlws kIfsf] af/]df 5f]6f]
tflnd cfof]hgf ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
Xfn ;Dd b'O{ r/0f :6]leofsf lj?jf vl/b u/L 9'jfgL u/L OR5's
s[ifsx?nfO{ ljt/0f ul/ ;lsPsf] 5 . ;f] lj?jf jg:klt ljefu,
191
SN
Activities
^
:6]leof g;{/L :yfkgf j]gf{
pTkfbg / ljt/0f -@ j6f
g;{/L _
&
cg'udg tyf k|fljlws
k/fdz{
*
cjnf]sfg tyf cWoog
e|d0f
(
sfo{d"ns cg'';Gwfg tyf
clen]lvs/0f
(=! :6]leof ;DaGwL
k'l:tsf k|sfzg / ljt/0f
(=@ :6]leof ;DaGwL
Video Documentary
tof/L tyf ljt/0f
!)
:6]]leof xf/e]i6L8=,
Kofls8=, e08f/0f ;DaGwL
tflnd
!!
:^]leof ljqmL ljt/0f tyf
ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL
cled"vLs/0f tflnd
!@
jflif{s sfo{qmd ;ldIff
uf]i7L
!#
sfo{qmd k|ult k|ltj]bg
tof/L tyf k]z
192
Progress status
Remarks
df]/8=sf] hft]af6 vl/b ul/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . xfn cfof]hgf
leq bIf s[ifs ljsl;t eO{ ;s]sf / lhNnfaf6} cfjZos kg]{
lj?jf pknJw x'g ;S5 . pbok'/ :6]leofsf] nflu >f]t s]Gb|sf]
?kdf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 .
lq=g=kfsf] kfvfkfgL / r'xf8]df b'O{ j6f g;{/L :yfkgf eO{
;+rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ lo g;{/Laf6 :6]leofsf] lj?jf kfpg ;lsG5 .
h'g lj?jf ;a} eGbf klxn] /l;ofaf6 cfO{ jg:klt ljefu x'b} o+xf
;+Dd cfO{ k'u]sf] xf] / o;sf] hft :nf:t]gf /fdf]G:sfof /x]sf] 5 .
kl/of]hgfdf ;+nUg sd{rf/Laf6 lgoldt cg'udg tyf k|fljlws
k/fdz{ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL dfem gof k|hfltsf] lj?jf ePsf]
x'+bf cg'udgnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbO{Psf] 5 .
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL s[ifs, kl/of]hgfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] # lbg] e|d0f
df]/8= tyf emfkfdf :6]leofsf] v]tL ul/Psf] :ynsf] cjnf]sg
e|d0f ;+rfng u/L pgLx?sf] bIftf / lzk psf:g] sfd ePsf] 5 .
h'g Hofb} k|efjsf/L ePsf] 5 .
:6]leofsf] v]tL ;DaGwL k'l:tsf 5kfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;
cltl/Qm /fli6o :t/sf klqsfdf ;d]t o; ;DaGwL n]v k|sfzg
ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
g;{/L :yfkgf, lj?jf ;fg]{ tf}/ tl/sf, uf]8d]n, l;rfO{, s6fgL
cflb cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] ljleGg r/0fsf] kmf]6f]
lnb}+ cfPsf] 5 . kl/of]hgfsf] ;dfKt ;+u} ;f] >Jo b[io ;fdu|L
tof/L x'g]5 .
klxnf] jif{sf] bf]>f] rfdfl;s cjlwdf :6]leofsf] v]tL ;+nUg #%
s[ifs dWo] @) hgfnfO{ o;sf] xf/e]i6L8=, Kofls8=, e08f/0f
;DaGwL tflnd lbO{ bIftf cljj[l4 ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} ljrljrdf
pgLx?sf] cfjZostf x]/L Ps lbg] tflnd ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
kl/of]hgfn] sNkgf u/] hlt pTkfbg x'g g;s]tfklg pTkfbg
ePsf] :6]leofsf] kftnfO{ ;'sfpg], e08f/0f ug]{ ljqmL ljt/0f
;DaGwL k|fljlws hfgsf/L tflndsf] dfWodaf6 lbO{Psf] 5 . o;df
@@ hgf s[ifs ;xefuL ePsf 5g\
Ps lbg] lhNnf :t/Lo uf]i7Ldf :6]leof ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lng
OR5's @& hgf ;xefuL pkl:yt eP . uf]i7Ldf o;sf] v]tLnfO{
Jofj;flostf lng sl7gfO{ x'gsf sf/0f / ;+efJotfsf af/]df
5nkmn u/fO{Psf] lyof] .
Xfn ;Dd klxnf] jif{sf tLg j6f rf}dfl;s, Ps jflif{s / bf]>f]
jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlwsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L k]z
u/L pQm cjlwdf k|:tfjgf ul/Psf] /sd ;d]t k|fKt eO{ ;s]sf]
5.
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Commercial Vegetable Farming for income generation in ChhinchuJajarkot Road Corridor of Jajarkot District
PP 714/2009/10
Hari Krishna Panta
Youth Manpower Mobilization Centre, Jajarkot
Phone089-680349
[email protected]
1. District Agriculture Development Office, Jajarkot
September 2010
August, 2013
End Date:
NRs 1997451.00
Karkigaun, Punma, Bhur, Jagatipur and Khalanga VDCs of Jajarkot
District
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Jajarkot is one of the poorest and remote districts situated in mid western region of Nepal. The average socioeconomic indicators show that Jajarkot district is far below the national average and needs specific efforts to
bring up to the national level. In the absence of adequate development infrastructures and difficult terrain of
the district, available economic opportunities for the people are very limited. Farming is the main occupation
for almost all the hills population in the region. Majority of the households of the district are adopting their
traditional cereal based subsistence farming. Farmers are not aware and economically not able to initiate
profitable activities. Consultation and discussion with the different stakeholders such as community people,
DADO and local service providers it was realized that there is need of intervention of high value vegetable
farming technology. Hence, this project aims at improving the household income of the resource poor and
marginalized farmers of the district through the intervention of profitable commercial vegetable production
and marketing by means of training, demonstration, interaction workshop, participatory monitoring, video
documentary and technical booklet publication.
Primarily, this project is intended to increase the income of project farmers by optimum utilization of the
available opportunity of road and market accessibility of the project location. Besides this major purpose, this
project has following purposes.
• Farmers will be motivated and started commercial vegetable farming: Most of the farmers of the
proposed VDCs are resource poor and dependent on traditional cereal based farming. This project
will motivate farmers to commercial vegetable farming by providing information about comparative
advantage of vegetable production.
• Area and production of vegetable increased and marketing system developed: This project will
work to expand the commercial vegetable area to 20 hectares. In the same way, project will work to
enhance the production through technology demonstration. A marketing system will be developed by
mobilizing cooperatives on input supply, fresh vegetable marketing and collection center operation
and creating a good linkage among value chain actors.
• Income of the farmer from vegetable farming increased: The project is intended to increase 15%
income level of disadvantaged groups like Dalit, Janjati, women and others through utilizing
commercial vegetable production in better access areas.
Beneficiaries
Project location consists of five VDCs of Jajarkot district. The reason for selecting these VDCs is that these
are corridor areas of Chhinchu - Jajarkot highway. There are many caste and ethnicities in the selected project
locations. Primary focus of the project is income generation of disadvantageous castes/ ethnicities people and
women farmers through commercial vegetable farming. Around 240 farming HHs from project area (5 VDCs)
193
will be selected as project-targeted beneficiaries for intervention. These 240 farming HHs will be selected
based on the density of households in the project location. Among the 240 project households, at least 30%
will be Dalit and Janajati and 40% will be women. The project will also consider the accessibility of the land.
Therefore, landless people (who do not have operational land at all) will not be selected for intervention. This
project will directly work to the above mentioned 240 HHs to increase their income level through vegetable
farming. So, the 240 HHs are direct beneficiaries of the project.
There will be farmer to farmer technology dissemination effect of project to the non project farming families
in the same project location. The same process will happen in the neighboring VDCs of the project and can be
replicated in other VDCs also. These farmers will be the indirect beneficiaries.
•
Two hundred forty farming household actively participated in 16 groups and these groups upgraded to a
cooperative
• Farmers started group based commercial vegetable farming in 20 hectares area by improved farming
technologies of vegetables
• At least eight plastic house constructed for year round vegetable production
• One collection centre established for collecting the vegetables and its distribution by the end of the
project
At least one cooperative functionalized for marketing of the vegetables produced by farmers.
Up-scaling Pathways
The project will support to the project beneficiaries directly and other interested farmers outside the project
indirectly. This project will work on fresh vegetable production and marketing. The farmers of the projects
location will increase their income by selling vegetables. The increased income of project farmers will be
motivating factors for non project farmers and they will also work on vegetable production and increase their
income which is the direct effect of scaling up of vegetable production work.
The strengthened capacity of farmers on vegetable production will support for development of micro
enterprises such as processing of fresh vegetable (Pickle Ketchup, Sauce etc) and sell. This will create the
employment opportunity to women and low land owners. This project will also organize workshop, group
meeting and demonstration; publish booklets, reports etc and execute information broadcasting which will be
helpful tool to widening the vegetable production and scaling up of the vegetable farming in the project area.
The collaborating partner i.e. DADO Jajarkot will be involved in many activities of the project. They can
promote the better practices in the other locations of the district through their regular program. Other
organizations, which are working in the development field, can incorporate the similar work in other areas
too. This NGO is also working in maize seed production programme funded by HMRP in other VDCs. The
good impacts of this project can be replicated there also. Therefore, there are many ways and options to up
scale the project outputs by the beneficiaries and related organizations.
Targeted Outputs:
• Area under commercial vegetable production expanded
• vegetable marketing system established
• Project output disseminated
Activities
1.1. Site selection
1.2. Base line survey
1.3. Groups formation and mobilization
1.4. Cooperative formation and mobilization
1.5. Trainings on fresh vegetable production
1.6. support on Vegetable seed, pesticides and equipment
194
Progress status
Completed
Completed
On going
Planned for second year
On going
On going
Remarks
1.7. Vegetable production demonstration
1.8. Training on off season vegetable production
1.9. Plastic house demonstration
1.10. Support on micro irrigation
2.1. Support on collection center establishment and operation
2.2. Interaction workshop on vegetable production and
marketing
3.1. Internal monitoring
3.2 Participatory monitoring and evaluation
3.3. Booklet publication and distribution
3.4 Video documentary Preparation
3.5. District level Stakeholders workshop
3.6 Annual and Final Report
On going
Completed
On going
On going
Planned for second year
Planned for second and
third year
On going
Planned for second and
third year
Planned for third year
On going
Achievements
•
•
•
•
Four plastic houses are made for year round vegetable production
Ten farmers are able to irrigate the vegetable in through two plastic ponds irrigation facility
One cooperative is established for marketing of vegetables
About 10 ton of vegetables produced and marketed by the farmers.
195
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Conservation Agriculture for Long Term Sustainability, Natural
Resource Management and Environmental Protection (CA Project)
715/2009/10
Janmejai Tripathi
National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi
071-522196 (O), 071-520431 (R), Mobile: 9857023926
071-521905
District Agricultural Development Office Rupandehi,
Kalika Seed Company Pvt. Ltd, Siddhrathnagar-12, Rupandehi
October 1st, 2010
End Date:
September 30th, 2013
NRs.1995250.00
Rupandehi district
Site.1 Patkhauli VDC, Ward no. 5 Sapahi village
Site.2 Kamhariya VDC, Ward No.5 Sukrauli village
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
The project entitled "Conservation Agriculture for Long Term Sustainability, Natural Resource Management
and Environmental Protection (CA Project)" has been awarded by NARDF in a response to NARDF seventh
call for full project proposal submitted by National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa Rupandehi. The
project agreement was signed on 30th September 2010 as 3 years duration project (October 2010 to September
2013).
The rice-wheat system is one of the most important production systems for the food security and livelihood of
the people. However, the sustainability of this production system has been showing the sign of fatigue. The
production system requires more input, water, and labor year by year to produce the same amount of
production indicating that our soils and other natural resources have been deteriorated. Decline in soil
productivity, depletion of water resource, increased soil salinity and water logging, increased pest incidence,
frequent occurrence of flood and drought have been threatening the whole agricultural system and
environment. It has been reported that the average productivity of rice-wheat system is only 4.8 ton ha-1 while
systems potential is estimated more than 9.0 ton ha-1. Despite a lot of efforts are being made in the past, the
production and productivity has not geared up as much as required. The conventional system of crop
cultivation seems to be failed to address most of the prevailing problems. Thus cost of cultivation has been
increased and benefit has been lowered. This has led to the development of alternative technologies for the
revival of natural resources (soil, water, air) along with increasing input use efficiency, reduction in the costs
and labor required for crop cultivation in rice-wheat system. There is need to develop mitigation and
adaptation strategies to moderate the potential harmful impacts of climate change and exploit the beneficial
opportunities from expected changes.
The proposed project has targeted to address all above issues through conservation agriculture (CA) because it
has ability to revive natural resources, provide longer term sustainability and means to mitigate and adapt
climate change. Therefore, the proposed project has envisaged promotion of conservation agriculture (CA) for
sustaining productivity, natural resources and environment.
Project Purpose and Objectives
The project has been awarded basically to rectify resource conservation technologies (RCTs) with the
principles of conservation agriculture (CA) for enabling agriculture system to revive natural resources from
degradation, sustainable increase in production and productivity and combating the impact of climate change
196
in rice-wheat system. Therefore, this project has aimed to advance RCTs toward CA system for sustaining
productivity, natural resources and environment. The cereal based rice-wheat cropping system has been
targeted considering its importance in food security and urgency to improve this system from degradation and
to protect from possible impacts of climate change. However project has set following specific objectives to
achieve;
1. Transforming RCTs toward CA to grab the system oriented benefits in rice-wheat system
2. To identify different component technologies to adapt CA in rice -wheat system
3. To identify appropriate genotypes for drought, flood (rice) and heat stresses (wheat) in rice-wheat system
and to strengthen seed supply system of such genotypes
4. To lower the cost of cultivation and increase net benefits to the farmers
To make farmers and other stakeholders aware of CA and upgrade their knowledge and skill for large scale
adoption
Project Location and Beneficiaries:
There will be two sites for this project: one at Patkhauli VDC, Ward no. 5 Sapahi villge and next at
Kamhariya VDC, Ward No.5 Sukrauli village of Rupandehi district. The small and resource poor farmers of
these VDC’s will be the targeted beneficiaries where, dalit (20%), janjati (20%), women farmers (40%) and
others (20%) are found more vulnerable to resource degradation and environmental effects. Although the
project has been designed to have primary beneficiaries from people of the targeted area, it will also show
national, regional and global importance. Different component technologies proposed in this project will help
small farmers who were facing the weather problem (e.g. drought, heat, and flood) variety, seed quality and
weed management related problems. The women farmers will be particularly benefited with DSR technology
as it eliminates transplanting drudgery. Most of the CA activities are able to reduce farmer’s drudgery to
greater extent. Seed growers, machinery owners, importers and small repair workshop people will also be
benefited indirectly as farm mechanization will be improved. Judicious application of mineral fertilizers, no or
minimum tillage with retention of crop residue will contribute to carbon sequestration, less emission of GHG
and also improve soil environment that will finally have positive effects to mitigate and adapt climate change
for the benefit of people and environment. The environmentalists, NGOs, CBOs and development workers
will also be benefited who are working with the farmers in rural areas.
1. By the end of the project at least 30% of residue retention and growing of cover crops will be adopted in zero
tillage system by 30% of the site farmers
2. At least 2 varieties of rice and 1 variety of wheat will be identified for drought, flood (having SUB-1 gene)
and heat tolerance respectively and to fit in the CA system:
3. Need based N management, unpuddled transplanting and priming technique will be adopted at least by 100
farmers within the sites:
4. At least 100 farmers will have access of seeds of different type of genotypes:
5. A thousand of farmers and other stakeholders will be made aware of CA principles and practice.
6. By end of the project at least 1000 farmers and other stakeholders will be made aware of CA principles and
practices through increased participation in different activities of the site farmers, outside visitor farmers
and other stakeholders from DADOs, NGOs and other organizations, distribution of leaflets and booklets and
personal communications and workshops and seminars.
Up-scaling Pathways
As farmers start experimenting they will learn conservation agriculture and its benefits individually and in a
community. They will learn how conservation agriculture help reviving natural resources mainly soil and
water resources and how it provides means to adapt climate change. A demonstration effect of all ongoing
activities will help farmers to learn about their impacts. Increasing accessibility to the RCT equipments,
proper training support and provision of service providers in the villages will ensure the adoption.
Encouraging procurement of RCT equipments by individual farmers or group of farmers to provide their
197
services on rental basis, increasing availability of machineries and their spare parts through public and private
sector, providing credit facilities to the needy farmers may accelerate the adoption of RCTs and farm
mechanization process. Publication of booklets on conservation agriculture, machinery use and
troubleshooting tips and use of electronic media for mass communication should be the part of up scaling
strategy. NARC research stations, DADOs and NGOs/CBOs programs would be linked up to scale out these
activities from the project sites. Successful farmers groups and associations will also be mobilized and
supported to upscale the CA practices. A follow up program may also be launched in program area by
concerned agencies to monitor afterward progresses and support the farmers in moving them forward. Further,
it will be institutionalized in regular extension networking (DADOs program) of Department of Agriculture
and in outreach research program of Nepal Agricultural Research Council for large-scale adoption in other
parts of the country.
Targeted Outputs:
The following are the expected output from the proposed project:
1. Resource conservation technologies advanced with the CA principles
2. Appropriate component technologies to adapt CA in rice -wheat system identified
3. Seed supply system of screened genotypes strengthened
4. Farmers and other stakeholders made aware and their knowledge and skill upgraded toward adapting CA
principles.
Activities
1.1. Crop residue management in zero
tillage wheat
1.2. Direct seeding of rice through RCT
equipments and its management with
CA perspective
1.3. Double zero tillage in RW rotation
with inclusion of cover crops system
perspective
Progress status
Two crop cycle
completed
One season completed
Remarks
Data entry, analysis and report
writing is in the process
DSR performed well and farmers
response is also excellent
One cycle for rice and
wheat completed
writing is in the process.
Farmers are impressed with the
results
Doing well, farmers are learning
the method
Managing different draught
tolerance variety of rice seed and
other inputs
writing is in the process
Sub-1 gene induced rice varieties
swrna sub-1 and sabha sub-1
performed well under flooded
condition
Transplanting without puddling
in tilled bed after irrigation
performe similar to puddled
field
Farmers like the LCC chart for
split N application
writing is in the process.
Farmers are impressed with the
2.1. Sesbania co-culture (brown manuring)
2.2. Variety screening for direct seeding
and drought tolerance in rice
2.3. Variety screening for heat tolerance in
wheat
2.4. Testing of Sub-1 gene induced rice
genotypes for flood prone areas under
DSR or TPR
Two crop cycle
completed
2.5. Performance evaluation of unpudled
rice transplanting
2.6. Need based N management through
leaf color chart (LCC)
2.7. Effect of seed priming / nutrient
priming in DSR and ZT wheat
198
One cycle for rice and
wheat completed
3.1. Seed multiplication of selected
genotypes for stress environment
3.2. Seed kit distribution
4.1. Inception workshop
4.2. Baseline survey
4.3. Training to farmers and other
stakeholders
4.4. Booklet/ leaflet publication
No activity in this season
No activity in this season
Completed
Completed
Completed
4.6. Farmer exchange visit
Documentation in the
process
Completed for one
season in Wheat and still
continued
Completed
4.7. Periodic and final report publication
ongoing
4.5. Audio visual preparation of project
activities
results
Activity of next year
Activity of next year
Reported
Data entry ongoing
Farmers and different stake
holders participated
going on
Its ongoing process throughout
the project period
Farmers of one site visited to
another site and vice versa
Regular reporting has been going
on
Farmers find Direct seeding of rice (DSR) technology suitable for given circumstances as a result area under
DSR has been increasing. Similarly zero till wheat area has also been increased as many farmers in the sites
adopted zero till wheat with provided zero till seed drills. All wheat experiments have been harvested and
sampling has been done for data collection. Data entry and further processing has been going on. Detail would
be published in the annual report.
199
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Conservation and promotion of Lulu cattle: a pioneer program in
livestock improvement and utilization of underexploited livestock
breeds.
PP No. 716/2009/10
Lok Nath Paudel, PhD
Natural Resources and Agriculture Management Center (NaRAM Center),
Kathmandu Metropolitan city -16, Balaju, Kathmandu.
00977-1-4880324 (Office), 015540236 (R.), 9841308620 (Mobile)
00977-1-5538902
[email protected]
1. Central Bovine Promotion Office, Harihar Bhavan, Lalitpur, Nepal
2. District Livestock Services Office, Jomsom, Mustang
October 2010 End Date: September 2013
NRs. 22,93,600.00
Five VDCs (Kagbeni, Jomsom, Marpha, Muktinath and Jhong) of Mustang
district
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
The animal genetic resources, in particular, are shrinking due to introduction of exotic blood and because of
the low priorities given for the development of indigenous animal germplasm in the past. Twenty-six breeds
of cattle, buffalo, horse, sheep, goat, pig and poultry are known in Nepal (DoAP, 2009). Among these breeds
pure Siri cattle have been extinct, Achhami cattle is at the verge of extinction, Lime buffalo is in the
endangered stage, Lampuchhre and Kage sheep are at the risk, Bampudke pig is about to be extinct. Lulu,
which is one of the smallest breeds of hairy cattle in the world, highly adaptive in High Mountain and
Himalaya region is in the verge of extinction (MFSC, 2002). Not only because of its body morphology but
because of its highly adaptability in harsh environment of the region, this breed has to get utmost priority for
its conservation and utilization. Though, Government of Nepal has launched some programs to these areas in
the past, because of the less attention paid to the participation of stakeholders and because of not adopting
package program, the program could not get success. This is the time that everybody should realize that
“biodiversity is wealth unknown” and “Community is strength unknown”.
District Livestock services Office (DLSO), Mustang, 2010 reported that there are 6,312 cattle, 76 buffalo,
50,292 goats/Chyangra, 4,018 sheep and 4,077 Yak, Nak and Chauri. Almost all the population of the cattle is
local and non-descript breeds. There are only 70 crossbred cattle in Mustang district. As compare to 2009, the
population of cattle has been decreased by 13.3% in 2010. The milk production has also decreased by 14%
(150 from 174 mt) during the same period. The main reasons behind the decrease in the cattle population and
productivity, as stated by the DLSO, were lack of enough feed and no scientific breed management practices.
It is reported that the total feed requirement for the animal population of the district is 2,91,594 mt where as
feed availability is only 1,92,182 mt( 34% deficit). This project has been formulated to address the real
problems of the farmers, e.g., inadequate knowledge on the importance and potentiality of Lulu cattle, feed
shortage, inadequate management and breeding knowledge, diseases and parasites infestation in Lulu cattle.
Because of the problems in cattle farming, especially in feed, breed and health management, farmers of the
area are giving off the enterprise and looking for some other alternatives (DLSO, 2009). So, it is an utmost
necessity to implement such programs that can help to increase the feed availability, to initiate breeding plan
and mitigate the animal health problems. Hence, this project has been proposed as a holistic program for the
efficient and effective conservation, promotion and utilization of the Lulu cattle in the project VDCs of
Mustang district.
200
This project is purposed to increase the income status of the farmers, in the project VDCs, by conservation,
promotion and utilization of Lulu cattle. The project aims to distribute and cultivate appropriate species of
fodder and forage. Through the creation of awareness on the importance of Lulu cattle and ecosystem
conservation, appropriate selection and cultivation of forage and pasture lands, training to the farmers, proper
methods of breeding and selection, the project would be able to positively alter the present trend of reducing
the number of Lulu cattle in Mustang district. The project will estimate the total number of Lulu cattle in
Mustang district that would give the real status of the animal to adopt the appropriate strategies for the
conservation of the animal genetic resources. The project will develop a breeding plan based on the local
selection of the breed. It envisages to increase the productivity of Lulu cattle by 20% in the project VDCs by
the year 2013. This will help to increase the per capita milk consumption in the district. By the performance
recording program, the project will test the null hypothesis that there is no significance difference for milk
production among Lulu cattle in Mustang district. So, the results of this project would be taken as the noble
outcomes which could be replicated in Mustang district as well as in some other parts of the country with the
similar farming systems.
Beneficiaries
The project will implement its activities with the formation of farmers' groups. Five groups comprising of 10
farmers in each group in each VDC will be organised. Hence, 50 households (HHs) in one VDC and
altogether 250 HHs from five project VDCs will be the members of the Lulu cattle conservation and
promotion program. The average family size/HH of the VDCs was found as 5.3 in these VDCs (NDII, 2006).
So, 1,325 people will be the beneficiaries of the project. There will be at least 50% women representation in
the groups as well as in the committees. Therefore, it will create gender balance and help in women
empowerment in livestock farming in the targeted VDCs. The project will include all the races, tribes and
castes of the societies in the project area and hence it will be an inclusive project. It has been envisaged that
the project will increase milk production by 20% (from 150 to 180 Mt/annum) at the end of the project period.
So, it will enhance the nutritional status of the children as well. The multiplier effect of the project activities
will indirectly benefit many farmers of the neighbouring VDCs. The government agencies will get the tested
technology at hand to launch such conservation programs in other districts too. Because of unique size and
physiology, Lulu cattle is the breed of the global concern. This project will also be a milestone towards the
formulation of national plan of action for farm animal genetic resources (NPAFAnGR) in Nepal. The project
puts high priority for the fodder and pasture production programs. Hence, it will have positive impact on
women, poor people, and environment.
As per the methodology, 35 farmers per VDC were surveyed and the data were analysed. In this time period, a
workshop to create the awareness among the farmers about the Lulu cattle has been completed. Two hundred
progressive farmers have been trained on the importance of Lulu cattle, forage production and conservation,
methods feeding and management. Twelve and half hectares of land has been sown with the improved forage
seeds. Thirty-five lactating cows/VDC from Muktinath and Jomsom have been randomly selected and are
under the performance recording system. Altogether 1,000 cattle have been drenched against internal and
external parasites up to April, 2011.
Up-scaling Pathways
Conservation and utilization of Lulu cattle program is the proficiency of the farmers of Mustang district.
Because of the diffusion effect, this program disseminates the skill and knowledge acquired by the farmers to
other farmers of the district and its neighbours. Interaction programs like seminars, workshops and meetings
also disseminated the outcomes of the project. In addition, the outcomes of the project will be published in the
final report and will be provided to the NARDF. One of the stakeholders of the project is District Livestock
Services Office (DLSO), Mustang. The project activities will be up-taken by the DLSO, Mustang after the
201
completion of the project. Central Cattle and Buffalo Promotion Office (CCBPO), Lalitpur will promote the
breed improvement program in the project VDCs and in other VDCs of the district. Since the conservation,
promotion and utilization of Lulu cattle is the felt needs and the demand driven program, the demonstration
effect of the project would be very effective for the farmers of the neighbouring VDCs to copy the technology
of the project for the conservation and promotion of Lulu cattle. Hence, there are the clear promotional
pathways for the uptake, or up-scaling of the project.
Targeted Outputs:
Output 1: Milk production performance of Lulu cattle assessed:
Output 2: Feed deficit reduced:
Output 3: Breed improved through local selection:
Output 4: Conservation, promotion and utilization methods of Lulu cattle documented and disseminated
Activities
1.1
Questionnaires design, pre-testing and baseline
Progress status
Remarks
Completed in Dec, 2010
survey
1.2
VDC level awareness workshops
1.3
Farmers' groups and committees formation
1.4
Selection of the animals for performance
Completed in May, 2011
recording
Ongoing
1.5
Performance recording
Yet to begin
1.6
Performance recorded data entry and analysis
2.1 On the spot training on fodder, forage and pasture
Completed in April, 2011
cultivation and conservation
2.2 Forage seed procurement and distribution
First year part completed in
2.3 Plantation/sowing of fodder and forage of/in
April, 2011
different seasons
2.4 Demonstration on forage harvesting, feeding and
April-May, 2011
conservation
Yet to begin
3.1 Drenching of the animals against internal
parasites with appropriate anthelmenthics
3.2 Vaccination of the animals against the infectious
diseases
202
April-May, 2011
May, 2011
3.3 Selection and purchase of breeding bulls
Yet to begin
3.4 Breeding bull management
Yet to begin
3.5 Breeding records management
Yet to begin
4.1 Preparation of Video documentary
Ongoing
4.2 Preparation and publication of leaflets,
pamphlets and booklets on conservation,
Yet to begin
promotion and utilization of Lulu cattle.
4.3 Dissemination of findings: Workshop, technical
Yet to begin
paper preparation and presentation in seminar
4.4 Project monitoring
4.5
Yet to begin
Evaluation of the project based on
baseline survey
Yet to begin
4.6 Final report writing and submission to the
NARDF and other line agencies and
Yet to begin
stakeholders
1.
Valuable information obtained from the baseline survey which would be very useful in
implementation of the project activities.
2.
Farmers oriented about the project and its activities during the VDC level awareness workshops
which created favourable and friendly environment in implementation of the project activities.
3.
Twenty-five farmers' groups and five committees formed to implement the project activities
effectively and efficiently.
4.
On the spot training on fodder, forage and pasture cultivation resulted in cultivation of forage as
suggested by the respective project team members.
5.
About 12.5 hectares of land cultivated with improved forage seeds which would be very useful and
nutritious in feeding Lulu cattle.
6.
Seventy recently calved cows selected and taken under the milk performance recording system for a
period of 10 months (a complete lactation) which would provide important information about the
performance of Lulu cattle and would guide in selection of the breeding bulls to distribute in project
VDCs.
203
Project Title:
Project No. :
Project Coordinator
Address
Telephone
Fax
Email
Duration of Project
Project Cost
Location of Project
Promotion of Exportable Honey Through Beekeeping Enterprise in Sarlahi
District of Nepal.
PP 717/2009/10
Sunil Gautam
Rastriya Rojgar Prawardhan Kendra(RRPK), Sarlahi
046-520082 / 9846119617
046-520381
[email protected]/[email protected]
District agriculture development office, Sarlahi
3 years
NRs. 29,96,000/Jabdi, Bhaktipur, Ranigunj, Ishwarpur, Kalinjor and Patharkot VDCs of sarlahi
district.
PROJECT SUMMARY
Due to diversity in bee flora, Nepal is recognized as one of potential country of massive beekeeping. Honey
from Nepal in most cases organic by default, as use of pesticides and veterinary drugs are as minimal as their
access to honey production pockets. The overall purpose is to promote exportable honey through beekeeping
enterprise in Sarlahi district. This condition is achieved with massive cultivation of bee flora so that bees can
forage almost round the year excluding deep winter days, step-wise technical trainings, establishment of well
equipped resource centers, skilled hands on honey processing and utilization of other related products.
In the project area most of the people were engaged in subsistence farming, labors and foreign employment.
The communities are characterized by malnutrition, poverty, food insecurity, migration, unemployment, lack
of technical knowledge and opportunities. Social and demographic structure was very complex and they have
been always excluded from development services and agriculture technologies. Many farmers were very poor
and almost lack of income generating opportunities and they were unaware to the improved technology. The
proposed area was highly potential and favorable for exportable honey production. So, the project was
designed accordingly as demand of the project area and the program is associated with the strong potential of
bee pasture development in the targeted area.
Project Purpose:
The overall purpose of the project is to promote exportable honey through beekeeping enterprise in Sarlahi
district. Due to the arising trend in honey consumption, it is gaining popularity within the country especially
in the urban areas and it has a good export market too. With the completion of the project following
conditions would be observed:
• Farmer groups will have sufficient bee flora
• Farmer groups start using modern bee hives
• Farmer groups start using honey extractor
• Farmer groups start processing, packaging and labelling of honey which flow to the market outlet
• Resource centres start purchasing, making and selling of beekeeping related materials and tools to
beekeepers
• Farmer groups will start utilizing related products like beeswax for making candles, dolls etc.
Target Group and Beneficiaries:
Farmers: Farmers are the first and foremost beneficiaries of the project. They utilize their own holding, enhance
the technical capacity, get improved production and productivity, get good market for their product
and sell their product to get cash income.
VDCs and related institutions: With the implementation of this project, VDCs are other related institutions
such as CBOs will be benefited both directly and indirectly. They will be in
touch with the project team and other collaborating organizations. VDCs will
have good chance of increasing agricultural production and productivity
204
which has direct relation in the food security situation and improved
nourishment in the concerned VDCs.
Professionals: Technical professionals who are directly involved in the agricultural sector will also be the
beneficiaries of the project. They can be involved and get benefit from the project.
Traders: Traders involved in wholesale and retailing will have honey and related products of new concern and
directly benefit from the intended commodity of the project.
Consumers: People like pure honey and has prompt market for it. Local and other consumers get direct benefit
from quality product from beekeeping enterprise.
In total 600 farmers in 30 Groups are directly benefited from this project.
Promotion Pathways for Uptake or Up scaling of the Project :
This is itself an up-scaling type project which primarily focuses on empowering the technical and marketing
skills of potential beekeepers. Enhancing updated knowledge, skills, institutional learning and networks of
these groups with other government and non-government institutions do pave way for further out scaling of
these enterprises. In other words, once the groups start quality honey and related products marketing to
different stakeholders including farmers that are the sign of ensured uptake pathway. District Agriculture
Development Office has asked for conducting demonstrations in the first year through their ASC.
• Marketing committee includes the active farmers, wholesaler, and retailer including women in the
committee. It helps to search the national as well as international market for exportable honey.
• Establishment of at least two price collection centers and collection of information daily basis and
publication of price list on a trimester basis.
• Information system of honey prices developed and institutionalized at local and regional level.
• Honey price information flow of different places (as much as possible) and other marketing advises
are provided from information collection centre on daily basis.
Involvement of all stakeholders with their usual responsibilities generates the feeling of ownership of the
enterprise and price collection centers.
Targeted Outputs:
•
•
•
Gender-balanced inclusive beekeeping farmer groups effectively mobilized and bee pasture
improved in the project area
Sustainable support services provided and technical capability enhanced and Self sufficient
beekeeping resource centre established
Increased farm income through selling of quality honey and related products
Activities Proposed
Activities
1. Basic awareness
training
2. Practical training on
beekeeping
3. Queen rearing and
colony improvement
training
4. Bee pasture
development training
Activity
status
Completed in
April 2011
Completed
in June 2011
Completed in
2012(1st
trimester)
Completed in
3rd trimester
2011
Design of the Activity
40% of the farmers selected are now ready to adopt the
beekeeping enterprise in 20% subsidy.
To enhance the knowledge of farmers on modern bee keeping
practice & knowledge, farmers were trained through practical
training. Key farmers were selected from each beekeeping
farmers’ groups and provided them with practical training so
that they can be used as farmer to farmer extension services at
least for their own group.
Management Queen bee hives and colony of bee were
improved by its improvement practices through training.
Based on the available bee flora and potential and compatible
new introduction, bee pasture calendar will be prepared. The
existing and new potential and compatible bee flora will be
205
5. Carpenter training on
bee-hive production
6. Beekeeping leaflets and
posters publishing
7. FM radio broadcasting
on beekeeping
8. Preparation of yearround bee pasture calendar
9. Award to the farmer
groups
10. Study and
demonstration of bee
pollination
11. Documentation and
reporting (visual
documentary also)
12. Baseline Survey/Mid
term evaluation/Final
project evaluation
Yet to be
completed
Completed in
1st trimester
2012
Completed in
2nd trimester
2011 and 1st
trimester
2012
Completed in
May 2011
Completed in
November
2011
Completed in
Dec 2011
added through local nursery. Local nursery of annual, biennial
and perennial bee flora are established and distributed to the
bee keeper farmers in nominal price.
Activity no 5 will be completed as proposed in the schedule
500 Bee keeping leaflets and posters were published in
which fundamental message and information disseminated.
Information and news of bee keeping were disseminated by
Local FM
More than 10 species of plants suitable for maintaining year
round bee pasture in Sarlahi district was identified.
Best farmers were awarded and marketing assess with the
help of DADO
Pollination process of bee keeping demonstrated.
Yet to be
completed
Activity no 11 will be completed as proposed in the schedule
Baseline
Survey
is
Completed in
April 2011.
Mid-term
evaluation
completed in
1st trimester
2012
Final project evaluation will be completed as proposed in the
schedule. Actual demographic and income of 600 farmers
was surveyed.
13. Bee pasture
improvement in the
community forests
14. Log-hive improvement
and colony improvement
Completed in
1st trimester
2012
Completed in
1st trimester
2012
Plant species suitable for bee pasture are added in the 10
community forests of the project area.(1000 bee flora plants
were distributed)
Basic training on modern bee-hive conducted and Colony
improvement training was provided to active farmers.
15. Development of
pesticide-free bee
pasture/organic farming
16. Distribution of bee
colony to the beekeepers
Completed in
July 2011
Enhancement of organic farming in farmers' filed along with
free pesticide vegetable and fruit cultivation.
Completed in
2nd trimester
2011
Completed in
2nd trimester
2011
Completed in
60 bee colony and bee hives were provided to 30 groups of
farmers.
17. Artificial queen
rearing and distribution
18. Establishment and
206
30 key farmers trained by 30 groups on queen rearing.
Two resource centers were established to collect honey,
development of
Beekeeping resource
center
19. Enhancement of local
production, storage and
supply of beekeeping
instruments and related
byproducts
20. Support services for
honey processing,
packing, labeling, storage,
transportation and quality
test of honey products
21. Program monitoring
and technical supervision
22. Technical service to
the beekeepers/technical
backstopping
3rd trimesters
2011
packaging and labeling.
Completed in
3rd trimesters
2011
Enhancement of production on local honey , and its storage
to supply of by products (many groups also have good job on
wax produce and making candle)
Completed in
3rd trimesters
2011
Bee-honey was ensured qualitatively production as well as
its packing, labeling, and transportation to local cooperatives
and organization/by groups.
Completed in
3rd trimesters
2011
Completed in
1st trimesters
2012
All the activities were monitored by project staffs leading by
project coordinator, organization chief and board members.
Jointly monitored with VDC, DADO staffs frequently.
Groups are continuously followed and guided by technical
personnel and key farmers who assured services to the
beneficiaries/farmers.
Achievements
• Timely group meeting and discussion are performing continuously in each sites.
• More than 60 % females are active in groups.
• 30 Groups i.e 20 in each, total of 600 members were directly and indirectly trained by key farmers and
they are continuously doing bee keeping.
• Group formation was done in reference to DADO and Women Development Office, Sarlahi.
• Inclusiveness and active participation of Dalit and Janjati in all 6 VDCs.
• Bee pasture managed through seasonal calendar.
• 1050 litres of honey production and supply from farmers which is contract of marketing with local
cooperative
• Farmers also utilize bee wax for candle production and towards income generation.
• 40 extra hives were added by group efforts besides project support in the groups.
207
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
collaborating/Partners
organizations:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Utilization of Degraded River basin for commercial off season
vegetable farming in Mahottari, Sarlahi and Rautahut districts
PP- 718/2009/10
Mr. Surendra Mishra
Janaki Women Awareness Society (JWAS), Bishwakarma Chowk,
Janakpur Municipality -4, Dhanusha
00977-041-523576, 9841318053, 9845025436
00977-041-520736
[email protected] ;
[email protected]
Rajarshi Janak National Foundation For Research &
Development (RAJANFORD), Kathmandu
• Central Regional Tropical Horticulture Center (Nawalpur),
Sarlahi
• District Agriculture Development Office, Mahottari, Sarlahi &
Rautahut
October 2010
June 2013
End Date:
NRs. 2,997,322. 00
Mahottari, Sarlahi, and Rautahat Districts
Background
The livelihood of millions of rural people of the river belt has been affected due to frequent irregular flood.
This has led to low productivity and plenty of agriculture lands converted into bagar (sandy land). In order to
alleviate poverty and ensure food security in such fragile land and repair these natural habitats and eco-system
it was started to introduce high value offseason vegetables that has been grown with fewer inputs and
produce more nutritive vegetables.
This project has been be implemented in six sites of Rautahut, Sarlahi and Mahottari districts of Nepal. The
project is targeted to the poor, dalits, janajatis, women, marginalized and landless people which aims to
increase their annual income. 390 farmers (30 groups) are benefited directly who produced vegetables in
scarce season and get high price. After the farmer group’s formation, comparatively potential land was
selected by technical assessment and the total selected lands were divided to different groups. 90 key farmers
of 390 were developed for small technical support for whole group. The related district agriculture
development office (DADO) of the concerned districts and central regional tropical horticulture centre will be
the major collaborating stakeholders from beginning of the project. Technology and Information
dissemination is another tool of project which dispersed and shared knowledge and skills of vegetable farming
among beneficiaries by means of audio, visual, poster, pamphlet, and like wise. The training to the farmers
about off-season vegetable production technology is the key activities of the river basin program.
The project’s primary method of implementation is training in the rural villages of three districts. Recruited
and trained local person will conduct vegetable farming classes. The technical experts will conduct
sustainable Livelihood. Mobilizations of RBF groups and community members who attribute the similar
characteristics in terms of project benefit have been organized in same group like vegetable production in
River bank area. Scaling up is defined in the project as spreading the better vegetable growing technology
throughout the more people in more places/sites of river bank that enhancing the productivity of modern
agriculture practices on the development of commercial-scale.
To increase the production and productivity off season vegetables by cultivation, commercialization,
processing and marketing of off season vegetable crops in flood destructed river basin areas of the targeted
areas of the selected districts.
208
Beneficiaries
-
Main Target group – 390 Poor and Marginal women and men farmers within 30 groups, Marketing
Organizations especially of the project location
• Potential high yielding early variety area and productivity increased
• 90 Number of skill and the trained human resources developed.
• Six Focus Group Discussion with farmers in each six sites conducted.
• Publication of Leaflet, Brochures and Broadcasting radio program and prepared video documentary
• 390 farmers' annual income increased
Up-scaling Pathways
The package of river basin program boosted up the poor farmers and women who were facing problems for
livelihood due to barren land. So, it has made great opportunity to promote and enhancement on the growth of
taking by the target beneficiaries. With comparison of production and cost on vegetable cultivation, up
scaling pathway has taken more increment and better for poorer.
Targeted Outputs:
1. Cucurbitaceous varieties (Watermelon, Cucumber, KHIRI, Pumpkin, Gourd, Lady Finger, Bitter
Gourd, PARWAR, Beans) for river basin cultivation in each target area cultivated.
2. Farmer trained in river basin off-season vegetable production technology
3. On farm demonstrations for river basin cultivation with farmers participation conducted
4. Information on major off season vegetable production generated and disseminated
5. Income of the farmers of the targeted area increased
Activities
Progress status
1. Baseline Survey Completed in 2010
Design of Activity
Conducted for identification of river basin offseason vegetable growing areas and target farmers
Total 30 RBF groups (390 Farmers involved in
RBF groups.) and regular follow up to the groups
2. River Bank
Farming
(RBF)
group Formation
and Mobilization
of group
3.
Technical
assessment
of
potential land
Continued in each trimesters of
2010, 2011 & 2012 (regular
program)
Completed in 2011 January
Conducted to find out better land for off season
vegetable farming in river bank. This will include
the land evaluation or feasibility study of
appropriate land selection. The major indicator of
potential land selection will depend up on its
appropriate soil PH, water holding capacity, soil
texture and structure etc.
4. Divide the land
For
the
RBF
groups
Completed
January/Feb.
2011,
Appropriate land essentially divided in different
plots for different suitable crops. Mainly
measurement and layout techniques used as land
separation for RBF groups.
5. River
Farming
Completed in February, 2011
and Feb-2012.
The useless land of non owners near river bank
cultivated with skilled farmers. Provided high
breed seeds, fertilizer, pesticides etc for 390
209
Bank
in
farmers. But before that, appropriate technical
backstopping-provided. Farmer’s competition will
be organized among the growers for encouraging
them in River bank farming model. The best
growers will be promoted as awarded.
6. Training
farmers
to
Completed in Feb-2011.
7. Large plot
demonstration for
cultivation
Completed
trimester.
8. Publication
Completed in 2012, April
9.Workshop with
stakeholders
Completed in 2nd trimester,
2011
10.
Video
documentary
production
11.
Audio
Broadcasting
Has not started yet
12. Rapid End line
survey
13. Coordination
with the local,
district
and
national
level
organization
14. Participatory
monitoring
and
evaluation
Has not started yet.
in
2011,
2nd
Accomplished in 3rd trimester,
2011 and has not started further
yet
Continue process (each year) Different News, and
information as well as project progress with case
study of farmers are broadcasted by local FM
Radio program.
Completed in each trimesters of
2011 and 2012.
Continue process (each year) The coordination
and linkages with local stakeholders and
collaborating partners and key farmers has been
made in district and VDC level.
Completed in 2nd trimesters in
2011 and 2012.
Continue process (each year) Monitored by staff
team headed by PC, JWAS senior team and
different representative of concerned line-agencies
and collaborated partners and among key farmers
which are effective and well monitoring process.
Inception, Trimesters, Annual, Completion
reports for each year (Financial+Technical)
15. Reporting
Completed of 2010, 2011 and up
to 2nd trimesters-2012 and
Continued process.
Major Achievements :
•
90 farmers were trained on off season vegetable
farming, seed collection, farming, use of pesticides
and organic management. The trained local
farmers support for providing basic agricultural
support in the community which can be called as
surplus inputs for RBF.
Three large plot demonstrations in three sites
which exposed the methods on vegetable
cultivation as demo. Few seeds and fertilizers used
for this demo. After demo method, farmers are
continuing their skills on River Bank Farming.
Publications of 1000 leaflets and 1000 brochures
for disseminating the information about river bank
farming technologies to the farmers.
Total three workshops conducted with farmers,
stakeholders, JT/JTAs/SMS in each project. The
workshop mainly focused and informing the
participants about project activities and concept.
Potential high yielding early variety area and productivity increased by:
1st year – Market production
Varieties : Bottle Guard, Bitter Guard, Water Melon, Pumpkin, Cucumber, Parwal, ladyfinger.
210
Sarlahi(2 sites) - Area : 11 hec. Average production : 75000 Kg (750 Quintal) – 75 ton
Mahottari(2 sites) - Area : 8 hec. Average production : 62,000 Kg (620 Quintal)-62 ton
Rautahat (2 sites) – Area : 6 hec. Average production : 48,000 kg (480 Quintal)-28 ton
Average production Per farmers : 5 Quintal/farmer
2nd Year- Running (under production)
•
Six Focus Group Discussion with farmers in each six sites conducted.
Monthly meeting, process on registering groups to DADO
5 groups *13 members in 1 site = 65 farmers*6 sites =390 (In each site 15 leading farmers discussion15*6=90 farmers)
•
Six (15 minutes each) radio program : training news, success story, workshop
•
One Video documentary production : Continuous…not compiled
•
390 farmers' annual income increased by :
Average 1 farmers sole 500 kg @Rs.25/- =12,500 in first year
•
90 Numbers of skill and the trained human resources developed. (training provided on river bank
vegetable farming(15 persons in each site)
•
3 on-farm demos conducted in 3 districts which results on effective cultivation practice and production
compare.
•
Information dissemination to out-group household and stakeholders through newspaper, FM, effective
workshop.
211
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Collaborating
organisations:
Start Date:
Project Cost:(000)
Uplifting Farmers Income through Organic Oriented Tomato
Production Cultivation In Shankarpur, Rajghat, and Hajariya VDCs of
Sarlahi District
PP No- 719/2009/10
Pradip Kumar Yadav
Kathmandu Sub-Metropolitan City-15
9851120243 Coordinator
[email protected]
District Agriculture Development Office, Sarlahi
Rampur Yaba Club, Rajghat-8, Rampur, Sarlahi
October 2010
September 2013
End Date:
1966.5
Shankarpur 9, Rajghat 8 and Hajariya VDCs of Sarlahi
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Nepal has a wide range of climate and soil mainly due to topography and altitude variation. More or less 152
horticultural crops are being cultivated. Tomato is one of the most commercial fresh and edible fruit vegetable
after cabbage and cauliflower. The productivity of tomato in Spain is 66.81 ton/ha, India has 17.50 ton/ha and
China has 24.23 ton/ha (FAO STAT, 2004). The tomato plays an important role in the overall employment and
income generation of smallholders' farm communities. It is one of the most important "protective foods" because
of its nutritive value. It is most versatile vegetable with wide usage in the Nepalese culinary tradition. It is used as
for soup, salad, pickles, ketchup, puree, sauces and in many other ways. The total area of tomato production In
Nepal is 15,572 hectare with 219,184 mt (14 mt/ha). Sarlahi, Dhanusha, Bara, Dhading, Nuwakot, Kavre, Siraha,
Dhankuta, Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa are the major tomato producing districts in Nepal. Among them,
Kavre has occupied first position 1,863 hectare with 13.7mt/ha while Sarlahi has occupied second position 1,800
hectare with 13.3 mt/ha (VDD, 2010). Sarlahi district is famous for tomato production since long period. It is year
round producing crop. The cost of production per hectare at farm gate is Rs. 42930 where the net return is Rs.
219766 in hill (VDD, 2010).The average productivity of tomato is very poor in Nepal as compared to other
countries. The major constraints in tomato production are low yielding varieties, disease susceptible varieties,
diseases (late blight, bacterial wilt, tomato leaf curl virus), insects (fruit borer), over and improper use of
pesticides, poor linking with adaptive research and extension, drought stress, post harvest losses, fake inputs,
limited land, labor and capital of smallholder farmers, poor soil fertility, poor harvest handling and poor marketing
knowledge.
Nowadays, chemical based tomato production is increasing because of increase of business motive in the farmers
that will produce unsafe products and ruin ecology and sustainable agriculture production. While public awareness
towards the safe products to be consumed is increasing and demanding organic production. In the line, the
National Agriculture Policy, 2061, has prioritized organic farming by the use of feasible, comparative
advantageous and sustainable technologies. Its objective is to verify production technologies for organic tomato
production through organically management. Therefore, the project will help the farmers to generate farm income
source by adopting the organic oriented farming of tomato. Tomato is one of the most important profitable
vegetable commodities to small holding farmers. Conventional farming relies on chemical pesticides and
fertilizers, which has horrendous negative effects where as organic farming relies on organic inputs. Per capita
consumption of the agro-chemical by farmers is low. Due to ever increasing price of the importing chemical
fertilizers, persticides, their timely unavailability and the poor quality, farmers are compelled to move
towards organic production.
212
Proper management of the local resources is demanding for better production. Thus, the objective of the
project is to verify and disseminate the participatory organic oriented tomato production technologies.
Organic production largely avoids use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, but organic production relying
on organic manures, compost, FYM, green manure, bio-fertilizers and biological pest control a measure
which contributes in human health, environment and socio-economic improvement. The project intends to
minimize and try to make chemical free tomato production through integrated and organic management
of the local inputs for the enlistment of farmers' socio-economic condition.
The overall purpose of the project is to improve organic oriented production and marketing system of tomato.
The project aims to verify suitable high yielding and disease resistant/tolerant cultivars in field condition with
participation of collaborative growers from land preparation to end marketing. This demonstration activities will
conducted in the farmer's field. The project aims to verify a suitable control measures of late blight, bacterial
wilt and viral diseases and its vectors and fruit borer and fruit fly insects through integrated crop management
(FFS). This project also verifies and find out the suitable cultural practices to manage soil health and plant nutrient
requirement, field sanitation, weed and irrigation. The other important purpose of the project is to verify and
setup marketing channel, price determination for direct buying and selling of tomato routine based at the farm
gate/collection centre of Shankarpur, Rajghat and Hajariya VDCs. This project follow-up directive of plant
protection for Organic Accreditation Certification (OAC) which is formulated by Ministry of Agriculture and
Cooperative
Farmers will get reasonable price; traders and consumers will be benefited with the adequate supply of fresh
and healthy product. Farmers will be trained and initiate to produce organic tomato through production
technology. After project intervention; there will be 50 % increment in the farm income of the farmers'
community by adopting organic production technology.
Beneficiaries
Primary target and beneficiary are 75 households of Shankarpur, Rajghat and Hajariya VDCs because of their
direct involvement. All relevant stakeholders such as farmers, vegetables producers group (VPG), women group,
youth club, labors, traders, cooperatives members and consumers will be involved in project activities
implementing such as technology transfer, marketing information collection and Farmer Field School. These
stakeholders will not be only trained to adopt the organic tomato production but also effective linking rural
production to supply target market as a reliable and sustainable income generating enterprise by the project
intervention. It also generates employment to the poor farmers, labors and landless which contributes to reduce
poverty and reduces outflow of human and capital resource.
The secondary beneficiaries are government organizations, extension workers, program planners, traders and other
line agencies like agro-vets and marketers. The household of Shankarpur, Rajghat and Hajaria which comprises
of 1304, 1688 and 2,402 respectively will also be the secondary beneficiearies who will see and adopt the
technologies from their neighbors who will be produccing organic oriented tomato in their village. Out of these
beneficiaries, small scale farmers and landless farmers will be directly benefited while the government
organizations, concerned local institutions and surrounding villages will be benefited indirectly. The project will
prioritize the low income groups such as poor, marginalized Dalit, Janjati, Maddhesi, and women farmers for the
maximum benefit that would be able to initiate towards organic tomato farming in their area after accomplishment
of the target outputs of the project.
During the different stages of the project period, project will achieve the following OVI for the outputs:
1. Baseline survey report of 260 households
2. Four suitable varieties of tomato verified and recommended.
3. One model demonstration farm established. in each VDC with respect to improved package of organic
oriented production technique of tomato
4. 75 farmers will get intensive training using FFS on organic production and marketing of tomato.
5. One farmer’s field visits organized.
213
6. Package of practice of organic tomato production and marketing published in the form of booklet (200),
leaflet (500), and poster (200) and one video documentary by 2013. Articles on production
practices of organic tomato published in two national newspapers, broadcasted from local and national
FM ratio, and visual TV program.
7. A stakeholder workshop organized and output validated.
Up-scaling Pathways
The project envisages certain promotion pathways that include the demonstration of promising varietals
activity, farmers’ training, farmers’ field visit to project site, adoption of some approaches; FFS, IPM etc,
which have been quite effective in facilitating the understanding and dissemination of the technology to the
farmers by the farmers. Participation of all local; DADO, youth club, VPG, and women group as well as other
relevant stakeholders is fundamental in all implementing stages. Dissemination of production technologies
has been made in large scale through group meeting, farmers’ training, workshop/seminar, local newspaper,
FM radio and distribution of booklet, brochure in local languages.
A cooperative is one of the key components in promotion pathways for the up scaling of the project outputs.
After the completion of the project proup formation in each VDC and registered in DADO Sarlahi will
continue the work which will be assisted by the local Rampur Yuba Club for the further assistance. The
DADO is the collaborator of the project who will further assist to the groups and disseminate the technologies
in project area.
Targeted Outputs:
1. Inception meeting: Inception meeting organized for the information sharing abouth the project
methodologies and expected outputs with stakeholder like DADO Horticulture Farm, NORP, DDC,
Traders, Agrovets ect. 2 to 3 team member will be involved in the baseline survey of 260 household and
prepared report along with the Value Chain analysis. Similarly, three farmers groups will be formed in
three project VDCs which consist of 25 members in each group. The aggressive, poor, women and
landless farmers will be included.
2. Appropriate organic oriented tomato production technologies verified: It has been anticipated that
appropriate varieties, organic manures, crop husbandry, plant protection through bio-pesticides for organic
tomato production verified and demonstrated. A model farm will be developed to the wider impact of
organic oriented production. Viability of these technologies for tomato production will be measured since
an economic analysis will be carried out. The Accredited Certifying Agent (ACA) needs to improve the
Organic System Plan (OSP) before the farm is certified as organic. "Certification Accreditation process of
organic product will be following up directives of MoAC published in 2065.Similarly, the project activities
will be regularly monitored by the expert in different period of the project in order to judge the strength
and weakness.
3. Organic oriented tomato production technologies disseminated.: Level of knowledge and skill of the
farmers for the organic orinted tomato production will be improved. 75 farmers will be trained with the
skill and knowledge on different aspects of organic tomato production; therefore, they would be able to
raise the farm income through the organic production of tomato in the project area. Similarly, the project
Outputs will be disseminated through one model farm demonstration, publications and media programs
with the involvement of DADO, FGP and local Rampur Yuba Club.
Activities
1.1 Inception meeting
214
Progress status
More than 40 participants were participated in the
meeting including Coordinator of NORP, Sarlahi,
Horticulture Development Officer and Planning
Officer of DADO, Sarlahi, Chairman, Small
Farmers Agriculture Cooperatives, Shankarpur.
The other concerned stakeholders were the
Chairman and Secretary of our newly formed three
Remarks
None
Activities
1.2 Group formation
1.3 Model farm establishment:
1.4 Baseline survey
1.5 Value Chain
2.1 Varietal verification of tomato
2.2 Demonstration
organic manures
of
different
2.3 Verify the effectiveness of
Trichogramma chilonis
2.4 Identification of suitable biopesticides
3.1 Farmers Field School through
IPM
Progress status
groups. Similarly, representative from school,
societal representatives, VDC secretary were also
invited to attend the meeting.
Three groups formed namely Sirjana Commercial
Farmers Group, Shankarpu, Joshila Commercial
Women Farmers Group, Hajariya, and Rampur Harit
Farmers Group, Rajghat.
Three model farm one in each group formed and
demonstration are being conducted in these farm.
Baseline survey as household survey done in 60, 80
and 120 household of Shankarpur, Rajghat and
Hajaria VDC of Sarlahi district and report has been
submitted to the NARDF.
Value chain study of tomato has been conducted to
identify different actors involved for the production
and marketing of tomato in the districts as well as its
end markets. The detail report of the study has been
submitted seperately to NARDF.
Four variety of tomato namely, Namdhari, Nath,
Sean, and Srijana was included in the verification.
All the variety was good. However, Srinaja variety
performed best among the tested varieties. The
Namdhari variety performed second even the
mortality of variety was higher and fruit set was
delayed but variety is still on fruiting. The Nath
performed third and Sean found worst among the
tested varieties.
Demonstration of organic manures was also
conducted in 6 farmer’s field including three model
farms. The demonstrated organic manures are Vermicompost, Dhanazyme, Chaunang and Compost
Manure (local). As per the farmers interaction
Vermicompost best among others and it is also
locally available in the cooperative for general sales.
Verification of Trichogramma for controlling fruit
borer of tomato were planned to conduct in six
participating farmers, two from each groups. The
prevalence of bruit borer was not found therefore
cultivation of Tomato continued but Trichogramma
release do not required.
Demonstration of Bio-pesticides was conducted in 6
farmer’s field including three model farms. The
demonstrated Bio-pesticides are bio-Muliti Neem,
Tobacco Solution, Plant Herb, Tobacco Solution,
and Animal Urine\. As per the farmers interaction
Multi-Neem, and Use of Urine solution found best
among the test.
Farmers Field School was organized during the
implementation of organic tomato production. The
participants from the each three groups were
participated in in the training.
Remarks
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
215
Activities
3.2 Observation and study visit
3.3 Monitoring and Evaluation
3.4 Stakeholder workshop
3.5 Publication
3.6 Video-documentary production
Progress status
Observation visit organized to the Nawalpur,
Lalbandi, Hetauda, and Pokhara to study the
commercial practices and marketing situation of
tomato which is famous and leading on tomato
production. This visit helped to experience field skill
and knowledge practically for farmers. A total of 30
members 10 equally from each three groups were
participated. going
Monitoring and evaluation was carried out during
different stage of Tomato. The team leader as well
team members were monitored the activities. The
team members also includes from the NORP, Sarlahi,
DADO, Sarlahi and Rampur Youth Club, Rajghat,
Sarlahi.
Not planned till now
Inception report, trimester reports of the project has
been already submitted to the NARDF office. During
the Farmers Field School, organic production
technology of tomato prepared and distributed to the
participants.
As this is the first year that is beginning of the
project, the video clips has been taken and kept for
further editing for the preparation of video
documentary.
Remarks
None
None
None
None
None
• Baseline survey has been completed in 60, 80 and 120 household of Shankarpur, Rajghat and Hajaria
VDC of Sarlahi district and report prepared and submitted to the NARDF.
• Value chain study of Tomato carried out and report submitted to the NARDF office. Cultivation of
tomatoes in the Sarlahi and other parts of the countries appears to have great potential and the sub-sector
is growing in terms of area expansion, value addition and market expansion. Tomato cultivation has
proved to have a high potential for employment generation at local level in general and for women and
rural poor in particular. Despite these encouraging trends, the market is experiencing typical constraints
of a growing and immature market. The tomato subsector shows the following characteristics:
) Increased price of major raw materials such as seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, fuel
) Severe price competition with imported fresh tomato from India
) Limited value addition
) Supply and price variation due to seasonality of the product
) Lack of proper information on market demand
) Heavy wastage during road blockades and strikes
) Losses due to inappropriate packaging and transportation
• Three groups have been formed and they gave started saving and credit within their own groups
• The preliminary results/findings have been shown that, out of 4 tested varieties including Namdhari,
Nath and Sean of Tomato, Srijana performed best and liked by majority of the participated farmers.
• Capacity and skills of 75 participatory farmers on organic oriented tomato production have been
enhanced through providing them FFS training.
• Vermi-compost performed best among the other tested organic manures. However, use of cattle urine
is found better for the top dressing and supplementary use of manures and well as control of insectpest as well.
• The insecticide made from the neem have found better to control insect in general.
216
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
A small-scale Giriraja chicken farm development for the supply of
quality meat and eggs in Nuwakot district.
720/2009/10
Dr Shankar Pandey
Kaule VDC 5, Nuwakot
9841428752
01-5010063
District Livestock Services Office (DLSO), Nuwakot and
Educate the Children (ETC), Nepal
24 Oct. 2010
23 Feb. 2013
End Date:
1,999,997 (Nineteen Lakhs Ninety Nine Thousands Nine Hundred and
Ninety Seven only)
Fikuri, Kaule and Bhalche VDC of Nuwakot District
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Samyukta Mahila Saving and Credit Cooperative Ltd of Nuwakot is very eager to raise Giriraja breed of
Chicken for their income generation and livelihood promotion in close coordination with District Livestock
Services Office, Nuwakot and Educate the children, Kathmandu. Moreover, this CBO has been working in
area since its inception to boost up living condition of the Tamang and poor Dalit community and for the
welfare of the all deprived women. It is also revealed that Tamang people are very poor and their children and
women are suffering from malnutrition. Therefore, this project aims to prevent malnutrition and increase
their economic level by adopting the research and development based modality.
Giriraja chicken is a dual-purpose breed kept for both eggs and meat production purpose in low input-output
system of management. This bird is good and performs well under scavenging and semi scavenging system of
management in village and poor community where large investment in poultry farm is not possible due to
transportation and marketing network. The government’s effort to upscale the poultry sector for eggs and
meat across the country decades ago has expanded large-scale poultry farm, specialized in eggs and meat
contributing to improve the national economy. However, the national economy is still influenced by the
small-scale poultry farming from rural community.
The dual-purpose poultry breeds New Hampshire and Black Austarlorp chickens had gained popularity
among poor and smallholder farmers as compared to indigenous Sakini chickens, which raised the productive
performance under similar level of management in the past year. However, in this latest context, Giriraja
chicken has been showing better performance in eggs and meat production as compared to other poultry
breeds in poor community of mid hill also (NARC Report, 2008).
The purpose of this project is to operate a small-scale Giriraja breeding farm in the selected VDCs of
Nuwakot district to multiply the breeds in the surrounding areas to assure the income generation of
marginalized and deprived community. It is also anticipated that by the end of the project period, 40 farmers
will raise this poultry by establishing breeding farms in the district and nearly 80,000 Giriraja chicken eggs
produced annually to address the income generation and livelihood promotion using natural and artificial
hatching technology.
Beneficiaries
Tamang and Dalit of the project area as a target groups will be the primary beneficiaries of the project.
However, 5% of other casts will be considered based on their economic status and willingness to rear the
chicken in the farm condition. Obviously, the 40 households from these targeted community will be involved
217
in whole project period to run the project very effectively and participatory to gain the expected output. In
addition to this, secondary beneficiaries will be the farmers affected by the spill over effect of the project. So,
80 farmers will be the secondary beneficiaries of the project. At least 50% women will be involved in the
program for empowering them in economic activities and ownership feeling.
Purpose: Operate a
small-scale Giriraja
breeding farm in the
selected VDCs of
Nuwakot district to
multiply the breeds in
the surrounding areas
to assure the income
generation of
marginalized and
deprived community
Outputs
Output-1: Capacity
building of the poultry
breeders through
different types of
training and skills.
•
Output-2: Giriraja
chicken breeding farm
established and
improved technology
on this poultry
introduced and
adopted.
Output-3: Market
network establishment
• By the end of project period, 40 farmers will adopt the sustainable and farmer
based Giriraja farming technology in the project area.
• By the end of project period, at least 80,000 Giriraja fertile eggs produced for
breeding purpose will be hatched and reared by others farmers as a spill over
effect in the project area.
Output-4:
Project
achievement
and
result disseminated
By the end of project, 40 small-scale breeding farms of Giriraja chicken
handled by minimum 50% women will be established in the project area.
•
By the end of project period, at least other 80 farmers will be adopted this
technology as a spill over effect for the multiplication purpose in their farm
condition in the project area.
• By the end of project, a functional market will be assured for poultry
marketing and at least NRs 30,000 per farmer income increased annually.
• By the end of second year, 40 farm holders will know the brooding and
management idea of Giriraja chicken farming in their own farming situation.
• By the end of project period, 40 farmers will be the resource persons in
Giriraja chicken breeding and supplying.
• By the end of project, at least poultry based one marketing network of small
farmers groups established by the project in the project area.
• By the end of project, the income of 40 farmers will be increased at least NRs
30,000 individually per year in the project area.
• By the end of project, at least 80 farmers in the project area and adjoining
VDC will be adopted Giriraja poultry as their income-generating commodity.
• By the end of project, at least 1000 educating material like posters and leaflets
will be prepared and widely disseminated among farmers and professionals in
the project area.
• An audio visual aid will be prepared to reflect the overall project result to the
surrounding community in the project area
Up-scaling Pathways
The Giriraja breed of chicken is popular among the small holder farmers in the village communities. The
Giriraja poultry farm is not virtually existed in the country except one small Giriraja poultry farm producing
few hundred day-old chicks in Tarahara. The production of Giriraja chicks in Tarahara is very small as
compare to its demand in the eastern Nepal. The mid-region and the western part of the country keep this
chicken as pet and luxury birds due to its excessively high demand.
This project, a small scale Giriraja poultry farm can be a typical resource centre of Giriraja chicken, which
might produce fertile eggs for natural hatching by indigenous Sakini broody hens in villages and produce
huge amount of chicks through artificial hatching. This kind of small program will gradually increase both the
218
number of Giriraja chickens and farmers which will increase the eggs and meat production in the household.
The fertile eggs of the farmer’s can also be hatched on hatchery of Bhaktapur to produce the Giriraja Chicken
to fulfill the demand of the farmers to some extent. In addition to this, 40 resource persons will be mobilized
to convince other 80 farmers for local level breed promotion and up scaling through conducting on the spot
training and farm visit. They will also be coached and oriented by organizing two days workshop to give
knowledge on this technology during second year of the project. Thus, 80 farmers will be primarily
considered for project’s outputs promotion and up scaling through Samyukta Mahila Saving and Credit
Cooperative as major implementing organization. It will also take whole responsibility for managing this
activity at field level. Field visit report, monitoring report and annual report will be very helpful to assess this
achievement.
Targeted Outputs:
Output-1: Capacity building of the poultry raisers by giving different types of training and skills
• By the end of second year, 40 farm holders will know the technical idea on Giriraja chicken farming in
their own farming situation.
• By the end of project period, 40 farmers will be the resource persons in Giriraja chicken breeding and
supplying.
Output-2: Improved technology on Giriraja chicken introduced and adopted.
• By the end of project period, 40 farmers will adopt the sustainable and farmer based Giriraja farming
technology in the project area.
• By the end of project period, at least 80,000 Giriraja fertile eggs produced for breeding purpose will be
hatched and reared by others farmers as a spill over effect in the project area.
Output-3: Market network establishment
• By the end of project poultry based marketing network of small farmers groups established by the project
in the project area.
• By the end of project, the income of 40 breeding farmers will be increased at least NRs 30,000 per year
individually in the project area.
Output-4: Project achievement and result disseminated
• By the end of project, at least 80 farmers in the project area and adjoining VDC will be adopted Giriraja
poultry as their income-generating commodity.
• By the end of project, at least 1000 educating material like posters and leaflets will be prepared and widely
disseminated among farmers and professionals in the project area.
By the end of the project, an audio visual aid will be prepared to reflect the overall project result to
the surrounding community in the project area
Activities
Progress status
Output-1
1.1 Baseline survey and Site selection
1.2 Selection of farmers
1.3 Training and workshop
Remarks
Completed
Completed.
20 farmers were selected in first year
and 20 in second year
Training completed and Workshop in
next year
Output-2
2.1 Housing management
Ongoing. Brooding house constructed
in first year. Individual farmers' farm
houses constructed in first year and
ongoing for second year.
219
2.2 Breed supply
2.3 Feeds and ration
2.4 Immunization and Health
Output-3
3.1 District level marketing workshop
3.2 Market management and material support
Output-4
4.1 Preparation and submission of technical
report
4.2 Preparation of disseminating materials
4.3 Audio-Visual Aids
4.4 District level phase over workshop
4.5 Final project compilation, report
presentation and submission
Completed. 1020 Giriraja chicks are
in brooding. After 45 days, will be
distributed to individual farmers.
Ongoing
Ongoing
Will be implemented in coming
trimester
trimester
Ongoing
trimester
Ongoing
trimester
Will be implemented at the end of the
project
•
•
•
220
First year activities are finished. 20 farmers received training, raised Giriraja chicken and nowadays
earning about Rs.5200.00 per months by selling eggs.
Peripheral farmers are motivated towards Giriraja farming. They ordered fertilized eggs and raised
chicks from local hens.
Meat and egg eating habit of local farmers has been increased.
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ls;fgx?sf] cfocfh{gdf 6]jf k'Ug] b]lvG5 .
Purpose/Objectives
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Beneficiaries
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cg'ejsf] k|of]u x'g]5 .
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221
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k|ltlbg b'w pTkfbgdf yk **@( ln= ;du|df b'O6} uflj;sf] x'g] .
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j[l4 x'g] .
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x'g] .
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Up-Scaling Pathways
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a9]sf] x'gfn] sfo{qmd Hofb} g} k|efjsf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 .
Targeted Ouptuts
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Project Status Reports
Activities
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Remarks
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k|yd rf}dfl;s ;DkGg eO{;s]sf] bf];|f] aif{sf]
222
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aif{sf] k|yd rf}dfl;sdf ;DkGg eO{;s]sf] /
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Achievements/ Findings (In case of Research Projects)
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8fn] 3fF; / e'O{ 3fF;sf] ljp nufP/ vfnL hUuf ;b'kof]u ug{ kfPsf] .
223
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Commercial Seed Production and Entrepreneurship Development
801/2010/11
Mr Satya Narayan Sah
Sonai Seed Store and Supplier, Rajbiraj - 1, Saptari.
9842822041, 031-521641
[email protected]
District Agriculture Development Office,Saptari, NARC, Tarhara and
Commercial Agriculture Alliance, Saptari .
August 2011
July 2013
End Date:
NRs. 29,43,349.00
Kalyanpur, Maleth, Sambhunath, Joginiya, Ko. Madhepura, and
Bathnaha VDCs of Saptary district.
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
The project “Uplifting Farmers Income through improved vegetable and pulse Seed Production in Kalyanpur,
Maleth, Sambhunath, Joginiya, Ko. Madhepura, and Bathnaha VDCs of Saptary District” has approved an
agreement has also been signed on August 24, 2011. The project will be implemented in the six VDC of
Saptary district. The project will conduct inception meeting, group formation, baseline survey and observation
and study visit, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholders workshop, publication and video documentary
production and distribution. All the activities will be based on improved vegetable and pulse production
technologies
The overall objective of the project is to transfer commercial seed production technology to the farmers of
locally feasible crops. The project aims to produce quality improved seed, maintain supply, develop
entrepreneurship and increase income . This demonstration activities will be conducted in the farmer's field with
the help of experts.
The other important objectives of the project is to supply quality seeds to the farmers by doing grading,
processing and packaging, to reduce the poverty level by increasing income level of that communities.
Beneficiaries
Primary target and beneficiary are 125 households of Kalyanpur, Maleth, Sambhunath, Joginiya, Ko.
Madhepura, and Bathnaha VDCs of Saptary district because of their direct involvement. All relevant
stakeholders - vegetables and pulse seed producers group will be involved in project activities implementing such
as technology transfer, marketing information collection. These stakeholders will not be only trained to adopt the
improved seed production but also effective linking rural production to sustainable income generating enterprise
by the project intervention. It also generates employment to the poor farmers, labors and landless which
contributes to reduce poverty and reduces outflow of human and capital resource.
The secondary beneficiaries are government organizations, extension workers, program planners, traders and other
line agencies like agro-vets and marketers. The household of Kalyanpur, Maleth, Sambhunath, Joginiya, Ko.
Madhepura, and Bathnaha VDCs of Saptary district which comprises of 600 will also be the secondary
beneficiearies who will see and adopt the technologies from their neighbors who will be producing improved seed
in their village. Out of these beneficiaries, small scale farmers and landless farmers will be directly benefited while
the government organizations, concerned local institutions and surrounding villages will be benefited indirectly.
The project will prioritize the low income groups such as poor, marginalized Dalit, Janjati, Maddhesi, and women
farmers for the maximum benefit that would be able to initiate towards seed production farming in their area after
accomplishment of the target outputs of the project.
224
NARRATIVE SUMMARY
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS
Support in poverty reducing by increment in farm
Goal:
Support in poverty reducing by Increasing income of direct beneficiaries.
farmers’ present income by 15%.
Seed production technology transfered in 125 farmers
Purpose:
Local production of quality seed and it’s supply and entrepreneurship development, production of
and entrepreneurship development.
36.5 mt C1 vegetable and pulse quality seed,
Outputs:
1. Projects program, seed production and Project implementation provides objectives and
selling, achievements of implementation methodology of the project in first quarter and merit
and demerit, ways of improvement, and achievements
informed to major stakeholders.
in last quarter to the relevant stakeholders.
2.
Improved seed production technologies
transferred.
Seed production technologies transferred to 125
farmers till shrawan 2070.
3.
Improved seed produced.
Production of 38.6 mt C1 seed in 44 ha till shrawan
2070.
4.
Supply quality local improved seed and
it’s selling.
Selling of 35 mt C1 seed of project in local market as
well as in other districts.
Up-scaling Pathways
• establishment of revolving funds and its effective use.
• improvement in KSA through trainings.
• regular supply of foundation seeds, F1 seeds brought from NARC, Tarahara.
• joint monitoring of DADO, Saptary and Seed Laboratory, Jhumka for quality maintenace.
• providing 20% additional premium price for sustainable production.
• Providing 10% benefit’s share for revolving fund promotion.
• supply of produced seeds to agrivets, farmers’ groups of CAA districts.
• continuity of group promotion of seed production and marketing.
• distribution of pumplets through Agri. Service Centers.
• regular flow of information through local Newspaper and F M.
Targeted Outputs:
SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Crops
Masuro
Mung
Okra
Radish
Tomato
Pumpkin
Bottle guard
Cucumber
Total
Area (ha)
23
4
5
3
2
3
2
2
44
Production (mt)
46
6
12
6
1
2
2
1
76
225
Activities
1. Projects program, seed
production and selling,
achievements of
implementation
informed to major
stakeholders.
1.1. Baseline Survey
Progress status
Remarks
•
developed a questionnaire based on seed
production
data collected from 6 members from each
seed grower groups including group’s
chairperson
collected data analyzed and report made.
a orientation workshop conducted, chaired by
Propritor of Sonai Seed Store and Suplier
Other participants were :
Mr Shri Narayan Sharma, RAD
Mr Prem Pd Bhattarai, LDO, DDC
Mr Anup Lal Sah, SADO, DADO
Mr Manoj Kr Yadav, SADO, DADO
Mr Badri Dahal, SPO, RAD
Mr Bhim Pd Guragai, Acc O, RAD
Mr Raj Narayan Dev, BM,CAA
Farmers 135 ( female 40%) and
Reporters
1st Quarter
6 Hording board were made
Placed at each group in respective VDCs
1st Quarter
Selected 6 seed production location
Formed 6 seed production groups
Total members = 125
Female participation = 50%
5 seed production training conducted
Participants from all 6 groups participated
Total participants = 125
Female participants = 35%
Training duration = 3 days each
Documentary was made of different stages of
standing crops of different location
Covered technical dialogue inbetween
technician and growers
1st Quarter
Contract were made inbetween chairperson
and proprietor to ensure the promotion of
selling and buying of quality seed produced
Quantity and variety of seed of different
2nd Quarter
•
1.2. Project Orientation
Workshop
•
•
•
1.3. Achievement Evaluation
Survey
1.4. Making Hording board
•
•
Improved seed production
technologies transferred.
2.1. Group Formation
•
•
•
•
2.2. Training on seed production •
technology
•
•
•
•
2.3. Making Audio Video
•
1st Quarter
2.
•
3. Improved seed produced.
3.1 Contract between Sonai
Seed Supplier and Seed
producing groups
3.2 Supply management of
226
•
•
1st and 2nd
Quarters
2nd Quarter
1st, 2nd and 3rd
source seed and production
inputs
•
•
3.3. Monitoring and Evaluation
•
Supply
quality
local
improved seed and it’s
selling.
4.1. Seed collection, Laboratory
testing,
Processing,
Packaging and Labelling
4.2. Establishment of Revolving
Fund
4.3. Publication and documentary •
crops :
Masuro = 460 kg, Sindur and Simal
Okra = 85 kg, Arka arnamica
Radish = 15 kg, 40 days
Tomato = 2 kg, Pusa rubi
Pumpkin = 3 kg, Sarlahi golo
Lauka = 3 kg, Local
Cucumber = 2 kg, Local
Mung = 30 kg, Pratiksha
Fertilizers :
DAP = 1.5 mt
Uria = 1 mt
Potash = 1.5 mt
Plant protection measure :
Liquid = 10 lt chemical
Dust = 100 kg
Feremen traps = 200 ps
Regular monitoring were made by external
and internal technicians :
RAD, Shri Narayan Sharma
RSL, Dilip Bachchhar
DADO, Anup Lal Sah
NARC, Dev Kant Chaudhary
And internal officers and assistant
Quarters
1st , 2nd and 3rd
Quarters
4.
•
4.4. Procuring Packing inputs
4.5. Selling of seed
4.6. Reporting
•
•
Posters, Pamphlets were made for extension
of information
Extension and disseminations of information
through local radio Bhurukwa FM
Procured of plastic pouches, jute boras
2nd Quarters
Reports were made :
Inception report
1st quarter report
2nd quarter report
Completion report
1st and 2nd
Quarters
2nd Quarters
4.7. Project Completion
Workshop
227
Crops /
VDCs
Masuro
Kalyanpur
Bathanaha
Maleth
Sambhunath Joginiya - 2
5.0(8)
Seed
produced
Mung
2.0(6)
Standing seed
crop
Okra
Radish
2.0(10) Seed
produced
Bottle
guard
Cucumber
Total
1.5(10)
Seed
produced
2.0(15)
Seed
produced
1.5(15)
Seed
produced
1.5(12)
Seed
produced
2.0(10)
2.0(6)
10.0(50)
Seed produced Standing seed
Seed
crop
produced
Area in ha
Total
12.0(20)
Seed produced
2.0(6)
Standing seed
crop
2.5(12)
Standing seed
crop
2.0(10)
Seed produced
1.5(10)
Seed produced
2.5(12)
Standing
seed crop
Tomato
Pumpkin
Ko.
Madhepura
7.0(12)
Seed
produced
2.0(15)
Seed produced
1.5(15)
Seed produced
1.5(12)
Seed produced
1.5(10)
Seed
produced
2.5(12)
Standing
seed crop
7.0(12)
Seed
produced
25.0(100)
Standing seed
crop (4.5) and
Seed produced
(20.5)
Note : Figures in parenthesis indicates farmers involved
228
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Promotion of foxtail millet and Jumli Simi (Bean) to increase
farm income and improve living standard of small and marginal
farmers in Jumla.
802/2010/2011
Ram Bahadur Bhujel
Agriculture Research Station, Vijayanagar, Jumla
087-520023
087-520023
[email protected]
District Agriculture Development Office, Jumla
Bheri Environmental Excellence (BEE) Group, Jumla
Village Development Committee, Chhumchaur, Jumla
Model Village Development Committee, Lamra, Jumla
2068.5.13
End Date: 2071.5.12
(30th August 2011)
(29th August 2014)
29, 99,630.40 (Twenty nine lakh ninety nine thousand six hundred
thirty and paisa forty only.)
Chhumchaur and Lamra Model VDCs, Jumla
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Nepal is an agricultural country and agriculture has been making notable contribution to the economy. Despite
decline in contribution of agriculture to GDP, its share is still more than one third (MoF, 2011). Food crops
comprised 44.94 per cent as a share to the production of major agro products. Jumla is one of the ever food
deficit district of the country. Reasons are that due to temperate climate productivity of cereals are low,
farmers have low land holding, uplands are dominant, lack of access to improved technologies and income
generation activities in the district, less effort to cultivate high value market-led crops like bean, and food
habit has been changed from consumption of native crop to rice. Bean being a valuable indigenous crop, no
much attention has been given to increase its area and production in the district. Similarly, foxtail millet is
also an indigenous crop and is cultivated locally without any improved practices and no program to promote
its cultivation has been found in the district. Bean can be consumed to obtain better nutrition to improve
human health, also fetch good price due to its nutritional value as its price varies from Rs. 90.00 to 150.00/kg
in and out of the district. Bean and foxtail millet, both crops are mostly grown in uplands and poor and
marginal farmers have mostly upland holdings. This project aims to bring these poor and downtrodden
farmers into income generation activities like bean cultivation and support to reduce poverty through
increasing production of foxtail millet in the district.
Indigenous bean has low productivity and improved genotypes are gradually spreading in the district and
Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Vijayanagar, Jumla is the main source of improved seeds. It has also
identified some elite genotypes and this project will save time for further identification and verification and
thus elite genotypes will be introduced directly to the farmers. The demand of bean is increasing in and out of
the district and growers are fetching good prices, but it is grown in few areas without any improved practices.
This project aims to promote cultivation of bean through introducing elite genotypes and improved cultivation
practices. This crop will have positive effects on succeeding crop in the same field due to nitrogen fixation in
soil and can grow well even under drought condition and a little push can result to increase farm income
through fetching good prices. The cultivation of foxtail millet will be encouraged through demonstration with
improved cultivation practices.
The existing area of bean in Jumla has been reported as 467 ha and this project will cover 23.4 ha of bean
through its activities. 270 households will be directly benefitted and 162 farmers will be trained for bean and
foxtail millet cultivation with improved practices and also trained for seed production. Six groups of farmers
229
will be provided with seed bins of 700 kg storage capacity. Farmers will be organized in group. Members will
be provided orientation training, refresher training and training on value addition and seed production of the
bean. Up-scaling will be done through seed kit distribution and seeds will be produced for sale in last year of
the project for its sustainability and continuity. Groups will be linked with market agencies both officially and
unofficially, thus sustaining them right from farmers/growers to traders to consumers too.
The main purpose of the project is the promotion of underutilized foxtail millet and bean to increase farm
income and uplift the livelihoods particularly that of small and marginal farmers in Jumla. The food habit of
Jumli people has been in the course of diversion from the consumption of their indigenous food crops like
maize, millet, buckwheat, pearl-millet, fox-tail millet, potato, barley etc. towards rice consumption which is
least produced here due to poor access to improved cultivation practices. This has brought another risk of
extinction of indigenous crops which are traditionally well acclimatized and can contribute substantially to
food security if promoted and highlighted. In this connection, bean can generate income and foxtail millet can
reduce rice demand if consumption is increased through increased production.
Thus the objective of this project is to promote the cultivation of bean and foxtail millet and also find out
some elite genotypes of bean from selection procedure in local environment through participatory approach
with support from ARS, Vijayanagar, Jumla. This has also aimed to test soil status of project sites before and
after bean cultivation and study cultivation status of foxtail millet and bean at project sites.
The promotion of these crops will focus on highlighting importance, create awareness through training
program, carry out demonstration program, produce seed and scaling up of the crop. Women farmers, Dalit,
Janjati (In Chhumchaur VDC), small and marginal farmers are to be brought into main stream of program
implementation through group approach in project sites VDCs. This crop will be covered mostly in upland
areas which will be well utilized and production will be increased through following improved practices. Bean
will have positive effects on succeeding crops due to nitrogen fixation in soil. Upland areas are mostly left
either fallow or grow crops without any care of cultivation. This project also aims to bring change in
cultivation attitude of the farmers for indigenous crops like bean and foxtail millet. Cultivation of foxtail
millet has been aimed to promote through demonstration in farmers’ field.
Beneficiaries
In Jumla, out of 8183.6 ha area of 14875 holdings with land, 7216.5 ha is dry and about 41 per cent holdings
belong to 0.2 ha-0.5 ha (CBS 2004).The bean and foxtail millet are mostly grown in upland condition and
most of the poor, small, marginal and downtrodden farmers have more uplands than low lands/paddy field and
most of them fall under above holdings categories. Therefore, the immediate and ultimate beneficiaries are
poor, small and marginal farmers. However, after the commercialization of the crops, large farmers and trade
men will also benefit from these crops particularly from bean.
Jumla is well known for apple fruits and after apple bean has been assumed to be next crop to provide
popularity to the district which will ultimately shift into commercial crops after its promotion and value
addition. The direct beneficiaries will be 270 households while the beneficiaries from demonstration effect
will certainly be multiplied two or three times. Dalit, Janjati, women, poor, small, marginal and other
depressed groups of the society will be major beneficiary at the beginning while after the end or termination
of the project all categories of farmers and local residents will be well benefited. Among 270 beneficiaries, at
least 108 will be women farmers. Again, among 270 beneficiaries assumption is made to be 27 Dalit, 45
Janjati and remaining 198 will be from other caste/communities/ethnic groups.
The project will not have any negative impact rather than bringing farmers into main stream of increasing
production of their native crops. Bean being a leguminous crop can support to improve soil health which is
eco-friendly too.
230
Numbers of households participating in the program, the increment in area and production of foxtail millet
and bean, number of elite genotypes identified during project activities are the objectively verifiable
indicators for the outputs. In this case 270 households are direct beneficiary to increase area and production of
foxtail millet and bean; and ultimately the farm income.
At present farmers grow bean in very limited area and marginal lands in particular after cleaning the bushes
near the forest. Somewhere they grow in rice/wheat field too, who are well convinced to its income. But after
project intervention, farmers are expected to increase area and production and ultimately also income
particularly from bean which has been expected 15 and plus per cent. These all will happen on the basis that
at least two elite genotypes of bean will certainly be found most suitable in Jumla condition after participatory
verification from the support of existing and previous experimental result of ARS, Jumla and acclimatized
which will increase area, production, productivity and ultimately the household income of targeted groups of
the farmers.
Up-scaling Pathways
As some elite genotypes of bean have been identified at ARS, Vijayanagar, Jumla, the promotion will take
place right from the beginning of the project after carrying out verification trials and demonstration in
farmers’ field. Farmers will be encouraged to participate in demonstration program and demonstration effect
will help to upscale more. Similarly, improved cultivation practices of foxtail millet introduced through
demonstration will encourage farmers to increase area for better production in the future.
Similarly, more number of farmers will be involved in seed kit distribution. The seeds of elite genotypes will
be distributed to more farmers for further verification and scaling up too. Farmers will be encouraged to
cultivate bean through highlighting its importance in all trainings to be organized during project period. The
package and practices of bean and foxtail millet will be published and distributed to several beneficiaries.
Message on value addition of bean will be provided in training through lecture, publication/notes and also
through FM radio.
A separate training for value addition and seed production has been proposed in the project which will
substantially contribute to scaling up of these crops in Jumla through project neighboring VDCs. Seed
production and cultivation will be continued by farmers' groups even after termination of the project.
Collaborative partners like BEE-Group (A local NGO), District Agriculture Development Office (DADO)
and respective VDCs will have target to upscale the crops even after the termination of the project. Local
VDCs have started to allocate a little amount for agriculture development and this amount can upscale these
crops in future. Similarly, ARS, Vijayanagar, Jumla has been carrying out different research and up scaling
activities of bean at its outreach research sites which has demonstration effect to neighboring VDCs and
farmers. It will go on as continued activities.
Targeted Outputs:
As some elite genotypes of bean have been identified at ARS, Vijayanagar, Jumla, the promotion will take
place right from the beginning of the project after carrying out verification trials and demonstration in
farmers’ field. Farmers will be encouraged to participate in demonstration program and demonstration effect
will help to upscale more. Similarly, improved cultivation practices of foxtail millet introduced through
demonstration will encourage farmers to increase area for better production in the future.
Similarly, more number of farmers will be involved in seed kit distribution. The seeds of elite genotypes will
be distributed to more farmers for further verification and scaling up too. Farmers will be encouraged to
cultivate bean through highlighting its importance in all trainings to be organized during project period. The
package and practices of bean and foxtail millet will be published and distributed to several beneficiaries.
Message on value addition of bean will be provided in training through lecture, publication/notes and also
through FM radio.
231
A separate training for value addition and seed production has been proposed in the project which will
substantially contribute to scaling up of these crops in Jumla through project neighboring VDCs. Seed
production and cultivation will be continued by farmers' groups even after termination of the project.
Collaborative partners like BEE-Group (A local NGO), District Agriculture Development Office (DADO)
and respective VDCs will have target to upscale the crops even after the termination of the project. Local
VDCs have started to allocate a little amount for agriculture development and this amount can upscale these
crops in future. Similarly, ARS, Vijayanagar, Jumla has been carrying out different research and up scaling
activities of bean at its outreach research sites which has demonstration effect to neighboring VDCs and
farmers. It will go on as continued activities.
Activities
1.1 Site selection
1.2 Base line survey
1.3 Group formation
2.1 Review of research report
of foxtail millet and bean at
ARS, Jumla
Progress status
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
2.6 Publication of
progress/survey reports
Completed
Remarks
90 households in two VDCs
18 groups formed in two VDCs
Six genotypes of beans PB-0001,PB-0002, PB-0048,
KBL-1, KBL-2 and KBL-3 were decided to include
in experiment and seed production will be based on
their performance
Progress report is published & survey report is yet to
be data fed and analysed.
Since no experiments have been conducted, therefore no research output has come. It will be in next year
reports. Farmers seemed enthusiastic in bean cultivation and seed production.
232
Project Title:
Project No.
Project Coordinator
Address
Telephone
Fax
Email
Duration of Project
Project Cost
Location of Project
Promotion of small scale rural dairy farmers through participatory
verification and scaling-up of the technologies in the catchment areas of
private dairy industries.
PP-803/2010/11
Ram Prasad Ghimire
Chhap, Bandipur 1, Tanahu
+977 620162
District Livestock Services Office, Danauli, Tanahu
2 years
NRs 989000.00
Jamune and Purkot of Tanahu District
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background:
Tanahun district is one of the agrarian districts of Western Development Region of Nepal. It is adjoined with
Chitwan in south and east, and Kaski in north. The district is rich in natural resources, and livestock is the
mainstay of the farming system of the district. As other livestock, dairy farming is also a popular enterprise in
the district. This district has 1185 heads of improved cattle; out of which 588 are milking cows and rest of
them are dried cows, calves, heifer, bulls and oxen. Similarly, among the 91735 heads of local cattle, only
11992 are milking cows and rest of them are dried cows, calves, heifer, bulls and oxen. Similarly, the district
has 10789 heads of crossbred buffaloes and 92231 heads of buffaloes are of local breeds. Among them, 4573
and 26631 heads are of crossbreds and local breeds are in milking state, respectively (DLSO-Annual Report,
2009). It shows that good numbers of dairy animals are producing milk in the district. But, the productivity of
those animals seems to be quite low. Crossbred and local buffaloes had 1481 and 970 liters of average milk
production per lactation, respectively. Similarly, the improved and local cows had 1625 and 563 liters of
average milk production per lactation, respectively (DLSO-Annual Report, 2009). There are several causes of
low productivity of those dairy animals. Among the most prevalent causes, one is very low plane of nutrition,
which becomes more severe in winter season (Upreti et al., 2010; observed on visual observation by the team
of proponent organization on different seasons of the year 2065/66).
The district has huge potential of dairy enterprises because of suitable climate, physical requisites, surplus
natural resources, and market accessibility and so on. A total of 1123 organized farmers, involved in 18 milk
producers' co-operatives, are producing milk in the district (DLSO-Annual Report, 2009). Several milk
collection and chilling centers, agro-vet shops are established/opened in the district. The situation indicates
the enormous potentialities for dairy enterprises in the proposed areas. Furthermore, those established
organizational set up has been has added the opportunities of development and growing of dairy farming in
the proposed areas. In the meantime, promotion of those rural dairy farmers by shortening the feed/nutrient
deficit situation is the felt need of the areas. It will improve the production and productivity of their animals
substantially and will make the enterprises more sustainable.
Marketing of the milk won't be the limitation in the areas. The district is the common catchment areas of two
large milk processing industries. Safal Dairy of Sujal Foods Pvt. Ltd., Kaski and Chitwan Milk Pvt. Ltd.,
Chitwan are larger two private sector milk processing industries and proposed project sites are the common
catchment areas of the both. Both the industries are suffering from severe milk deficit situation (RLSDAnnual Report, 2010).
233
Now, the production of additional milk to run these private dairy industries is the most prioritized challenge
for the livestock scientists, extension workers and other development workers to retain these private sector
investments; and also to attract other new comers in this sector. Otherwise, there is the high risk of drainage
of these private sectors from livestock and agricultural enterprises. The issue was very strongly raised,
discussed and accepted by the participants of the Regional Agricultural Technical Working Group Meeting
held in Regional Livestock Training Center in 12 August, 2010.
Purpose:
The purpose of the project is to increase the milk production and productivity of the catchment areas of two
private dairy industries, which will increases the household income of the dairy entrepreneurs and mitigate the
milk deficit situation of the private milk processing industries.
Increased milk production will shorten the milk deficit of the newly opened private milk processing
industries. This will assists to retain the investment of private sectors on dairy industries. On the other hand,
income from the dairy enterprises increases with the increased milk production. It will have direct impact on
livelihood of the dairy farmers in the areas.
Beneficiaries:
The first hand beneficiary of the project will be the dairy farmers of Purkot and Jamune VDCs of Tanahun
district which are the catchment areas of the private dairy industries of Pokhara and Chitwan. Directly 240
farm families will be benefited by the project in the project duration. Initially 40 farmers from two milk
producing co-operatives will be benefitted by getting technical know-how, the materials support during the
verification process. At the second part of the project, remaining 200 farmers from 10 milk producing cooperatives and 50 extension agents and other related stakeholders will be benefitted by training and other
technology dissemination activities. All the involved farmers will get technologies which will increase milk
production from their animals and it leads to additional household incomes.
The private dairy industries from Chitwan to Pokhara are suffering from milk deficit situations, which
becomes more severe in lean seasons, will be benefitted by getting additional milk. The volume of additional
milk will be 10000 liters in the project duration and expected to be bigger in future from the rigorous
dissemination of the verified technologies.
The farmers of the neighboring co-operatives and villages will be benefited by sharing the experiences of
involved farmers, and from the seeing by believing approach. The next immediate beneficiaries are the
extension workers, project staffs, CBOs, NGOs, INGOs staffs and other visitor farmers. The proposed works
gives the insight of using new technologies for the better utilization of resources to increase the milk
production.
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS:
Indicators of output 1
1.1 The improved dairy technologies verified by two functional groups by April 2013 in Tanahun
districts.
1.2 Four improved dairy technologies verified by April 2013 in Tanahun district.
2.1 The technologies adopted by 40 farmers of two dairy co-operatives by April 2013.
234
2.2 The knowledge and skills of the 200 farmers of 10 dairy co-operatives through training improved
by June 2013.
2.3 The knowledge and skills of 50 extension workers upgraded by sharing the verified technologies
and experiences through a workshop and the publications by September 2013.
2.4 Four technologies disseminated to 240 farmers and 50 other related stakeholders by September 2013 .
Targeted Outputs:
Output 1. Package of practices of the dairy technologies verified in the farmers' field
Output 2. Technologies adopted in the farmers' field
Activities Proposed
Activities
1.1 Baseline data collection
1.2 Selection of farmers and group formation
1.3 Project inception meetings with farmers and other stakeholders
1.4 Verification of Urea Molasses Mineral Block (UMMB)
technology for the lean season
Sub-activity 1.4.1. Assembling of the materials
Sub-activity 1.4.2. Training to the farmers
Sub-activity 1.4.3. Manufacture and Feeding of the UMMB to their
dairy animals
1.5 Verification of silviculture technologies under the orchard and/or
tree fodders
Sub-activity 1.5.1 Assembling of the research/ verification materials
Sub-activity 1.5.2. Training to the farmers
Sub-activity 1.5.3. Field works and experimental trial
Sub-activity 1.5.4. Participatory forage evaluation
1.6 Verification of additional row maize production technology
1.7 Verification of plastic-bag silage production technology
Sub-activity 1.7.1 Training to farmers making plastic bag silage
Sub-activity 1.7.2 Production of plastic bag silage
1.8 Technical guidance and monitoring
1.9 Data collection, analysis and screening of the technologies
2.1 Selection of other groups of farmers
2.2 In situ trainings to the other groups of the farmers
2.3 Publications
2.4 Audio-visual documentary production
2.5 Workshop
2.6 Reporting
Activity status
Completed in December
2011
Completed in January
2012
Completed in February
2012
Yet to be done
Remarks
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Continue
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
Yet to be done
235
Achievements
The project is started from November 2011. The first part of the project tests some dairy animal nutrition
related technologies those were developed by Nepal Agricultural Research Council and Institute of
Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan. In this regards, baseline information of the two groups of
the farmers were collected, processed and analysed. A structured questionnaire was used for the collection of
the data. The information on socioeconomics, all agricultural enterprises, livestock enterprises were collected.
Similarly, the detailed information on cattle and buffalo rearing status and their numbers, information on
breeding, feeding, management, shed management, disease, fodder pasture management, marketing of
animals and milk and economics related were collected. The baseline information of 20 farmers from Jamune
and 20 farmers from Purkot were collected analysed. The survey report of the baseline information collection
was submitted to NARDF secreteriate.
All together 40 farmers were selected from two dairy co-operatives of Tanahun district. Twenty dairy farmers
at the dairy co-operative of Jamune were selected and twenty dairy farmers were selected another dairy cooperative at Purkot. The group formation was done in collaboration with District Livestock Service Office,
the collaborator of the project, and the entire process was facilitated by the Chairpersons of the respective
Dairy Co-operatives.
An inception meeting was organized by the project in each site. This activity was accomplished with the
objectives of informing the project purpose and objectives, activities and implementing methodologies,
targeted domain, expected outputs and outcomes and financial aspects of the project. In both of the meetings,
Selected farmers of the both of the groups, project staffs, DLSO staffs, the representatives of the NGOs and
CBOs working in the areas, local social workers, representative of District Development Committee and other
personnel. A paper was presented by the project co-ordinator in both of the meetings with the groups. After
the presentations, detailed discussions were made on the different aspects of the project, more focussing on
the implementing the procedures. The farmers were become very much enthusiastic and happy with the nature
and designed activities of the project. Some very minor suggestions on implementation of the project were
raised by the participants of the meetings. But, those suggestions were not remarkably modify the project
implementing procedures.
236
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Improving food security situation of Bajhang district through
increasing production of maize and wheat.
804/2010/11
Hari Kumar Prasai
Nepal Agricultural Research Station
Agriculture Research Station, Bhagetada, Dipayal, Doti
094-440162
094-440162
[email protected]
(1) District Agriculture Development Office, Chainpur, Bajhang
(2) Saipal Youth Club, Rithapata-6, Bajhang
(3) SAPPRUS, Chainpur, Bajhang
September, 2011
August, 2014
End Date:
2996335.0
Rithapata and Deulekh VDCs of Bajhang district
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
The total food production of far western mountain district is 37789 Mt whereas the total requirement is 87522
Mt. The deficit quantity of food is 49733 Mt. Three mountain (Bajhang, Bajura and Darchula) and four hill
(Baitadi, Dadeldhura, Doti and Achham) districts are the command districts of agriculture research station,
Doti. The area under maize and wheat cultivation in far western mountain districts is 10540 ha and 17015 ha
respectively. The productivity of wheat in far western mountain districts is far below (815 kg/ha) than the
national average productivity (1934 kg/ha). Similarly, the present productivity of maize (1792 kg/ha) of far
western mountain district has to increase by 23% to meet the national average productivity (2205 kg/ha) of
maize (ABPSD, 2009/10). The present food production FWDR mountain districts have to increase by 57% to
meet their total requirement (ABPSD, 2009/10). Poor people of this region used to spend as much as 50-70%
of their income on purchasing food and frequently lack access to other income generating resources. The
status of poverty in FWDR is 41% whereas this situation may go up to 80% in some parts of mountain
districts (MOAC/WFP, 2009). Poverty in Nepal is rampant and its incidence is high especially in FWDR.
Present production of food crops has to increase by 53% to meet the total food requirement of Bajhang district.
Out of the total cultivated area of wheat and maize in mountain district, the area under improved seed of wheat
and maize is 7.60% and 10.45% respectively (ABPSD, 2009/10). Good quality seed is responsible for more than
15% increase in production (Sah et al, 2007). Unavailability of improved seed is one of the major production
constraints for low production and productivity of maize in Nepal (Gurung et al, 2007).
The APP for 20 years has the vision that poverty alleviation depends on agriculture. The experiences of other
developing countries also show that positive impact on agricultural development squarely falls on poverty
alleviation. It is through better use of new technologies that the product and productivity will be increased to
bring positive change in rural economy. Hence the main objective of this project is to improve food security
situation of project targeted VDCs of Bajhang district by increasing production of wheat and maize.
The main purpose of this project is to improve existing food security situation of project targeted VDCs of
Bajhang district by introducing improved production technologies of maize and wheat. Large plot
demonstration, community based seed production program with logistic support & training activities encourage
to farmers to adopt high yielding technologies of maize and wheat. Joint monitoring visit, interaction meeting
and stakeholders’ workshop assist in disseminating high yielding production technologies of maize and wheat.
Distribution of booklets and leaflets also supports in this regards. So, all these activities support to replace the
use of local seed by 15% with improved seed of maize and wheat in project intervened VDCs. Similarly, the
237
production of maize and wheat will increase by 20% in project intervened VDCs by August, 2014. Total 10 Mt
C-1 seed of wheat and 10 Mt C-1 seed of maize become available to farmers from CBSP group (estimated
quantity of seed represents only the quantity of seed available to sell as seed, it does not represent total
production of wheat and maize) which would be sufficient to run further seed multiplication program in 83 and
500 hectare of wheat and maize respectively
Beneficiaries
•
•
•
Total ten groups of farmers from different ethnicity and gender are the target group of this project.
Total 250 households from two VDCs (Rithapata and Deulek) of Bajhang district are the direct
beneficiaries of this project. These households will be involved during implementation of different
activities of the project. Out of the total 250 households, 125 female and 18 Dalit farmers will be
directly benefitted from this project. Total 188 households having the food sufficiency status of less
than six month will be directly benefitted from this program. Total 20 stakeholders from different line
agencies and media personnel will also get benefit from the project by having the opportunities of
participating in workshop, interaction meeting and monitoring visit. These stakeholders will have an
opportunity of evaluating the performance of the promising technologies in farmers' field and
multiplication of these technologies in their working areas as well.
Neighboring farmers, local traders and marketing agencies are the indirect beneficiaries of this project
by having the opportunities of getting information about promising technologies and seed
Researchers, extension and development workers, and academicians will also be benefited from the
project output.
This project has targeted to implement different activities by involving 250 households. This project has
aimed to train 250 farmers about improved seed production technologies of maize and wheat. Amongst 250
farmers, 10 farmers will be developed as leader farmers and they will assist in mobilizing farmers’ group.
This project has committed to establish seed business of wheat and maize in two groups of farmers. Total 10
Mt C-1 seed of maize and same amount of wheat seed will be available to the farmers of the project targeted
and neighboring VDCs of the districts for further seed multiplication program. Fifteen hundred booklets and
leaflets covering all aspects of improved production technologies will be published and distributed. Farmers
themselves will have the opportunity of selecting the variety of their interest from the varieties included in
demonstration. All these activities will support to replace local seed area coverage by improved seed by 15%
in project intervened VDCs of the district. Similarly, the production will be increased by 20% in the project
intervened VDCs through the introduction of improved technologies with technical knowledge and teaching
materials. Due to increase in seed replacement rate and production of maize and wheat, the food security
situation of the project targeted VDCs will be improved.
Up-scaling Pathways
This project has the mandatory provision of inclusion by 50% female and 7% Dalit farmers in different
activities of the program. Once these socially disadvantaged groups of farmers become familiar with
improved technologies of crop production with technical knowledge, they will continue to adopt the project
output even after its termination and multiplication of the technology in farmers’ community level takes place
at faster rate.
This project has the provision of training to farmers and leader farmers about improved production
technologies of maize and wheat. Total 250 farmers will get training on seed production technologies of
wheat and maize. Out of the total 250 farmers, 10 leader farmers will get training on improved production
technologies of wheat and maize. These leader farmers will assist in mobilizing farmers’ group. Trained
farmers & leader farmers will help to scale up promising technologies. Total 1500 teaching and extension
materials (500 booklets and 1000 leaflets) will also be published and distributed to field level technicians and
farmers group. These will work as the reference materials for continuation of the improved production
technologies.
238
Foundation seed of wheat and maize will be provided to community based seed production groups. Ten CBSP
groups produce 10 Mt seed of wheat and 10 Mt seed of maize. Good quality seed produces at least 15%
higher yield than poor quality seed. Provision of revolving fund with logistic support for CBSP group
facilitates to establish seed business. Workshop and interaction visit of seed traders and agro-vets in
demonstration and seed production field supports to establish seed entrepreneurship. All these activities
support to scale up the promising technologies of maize and wheat. Out of the total proposed cost of the
project, about 50% cost has been proposed for establishing promotional pathway to continue the project
output even after termination of the project. ARS, Doti is being conducting CBSP in its command districts
since last year. DADOs of far western have also such type of program. NGOs of far western hills and
mountains are also being involving in seed business under small grant fund. Availability of quality seed of
farmers preferred variety support to replicate the improved technologies in other areas too.
This project is being implementing in Rithapata and Deulekh VDCs of Bajhang district and this is the first
year of the project implementation. Total 250 households are being involving in implementing different
activities of the project through farmers’ group approach. All activities are being carried out as per scheduled
plan. Farmers and stakeholders have selected BL 3503 genotype as their preferred variety of wheat. Total 11
Mt seed of Annapurna 1 & 4 and WK 1204 would be available for next year’s planting. One day farmers’
training to 10 groups, that is, one day training to one group is completed. Total 227 farmers of ten groups got
training on improved wheat seed production technologies. Similarly, nine farmers were developed as leader
farmers by providing five days training. The Senior Crop Development Officer of Regional Seed Testing
Laboratory (RSTL), representative from District Agriculture Development Office (DADO), Bajhang and
Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Doti participated in field monitoring and training activities. In addition
to RSTL, DADO and ARS officials, representatives from NGO, youth club and agro-vets participated in joint
monitoring and interaction visit activities.
Targeted Outputs:
Following outputs have been expected to achieve:
1. Promising genotype of wheat and maize adopted and disseminated
2. Community based seed production program established
3. Minimized food supply and demand gap in project intervened VDCs
4. Seed marketing system channelized
Activities
Project site selection/beneficiaries
group formation
Household survey
Large plot demonstration
Joint monitoring visit
Progress status
Ten groups of farmers from 250 households have been
formed from Deulekh and Rithapata VDC of Bajhang
district. Total 103 male and 147 female farmers have
been included in group formation.
Household survey of 90 households has been
completed. Total 55.55% households were found
capable to feed their family members for less than six
month. In case of land holding size, 77.77% households
were found with less than 10 ropani.
Three genotypes of wheat namely NL 1064, BL 3235
and BL 3503 were planted in 21 farmers’ field. Total
area covered by large plot demonstration was 3.1 ha.
The crop is harvested.
Chief of RSTL, Sundarpur, representatives of DADO,
Bajhang, collaborating NGOs, agrovets and farmers
evaluate the performance of wheat in demonstration
Remarks
239
Community based seed production
Training to farmers
Training to leader farmers
Stakeholders workshop
Publication of teaching and
extension materials
Interaction visit to traders,
agrovets and extensionists
Seed marketing
Impact study
Video making
Report writing
plot. Joint monitoring team preferred BL 3503
genotype of wheat.
Annapurna-1, Annapurna-4 and WK 1204 was planted
in 10 hectare. The crop is harvested. The senior crop
development officer of RSTL, Sundarpur inspected the
seed crop in farmers’ field.
One day training to each group of farmers was
organized. Total 227 farmers from 10 groups
participated in the training of 10 days and 66% (150)
participants were female farmers. The resource persons
were from RSTL, Sundarpur, DADO, Bajhang and
ARS, Doti.
Five days training to leader farmers which were
selected from 10 groups was organized at Deulekh of
Bjhang district. Total nine farmers were developed as a
leader farmer.
Senior crop development officer of RSTL, Sundarpur,
representative from DADO, Bajhang, agrovets,
collaborating NGOs and farmers visited seed
production field of wheat and they have committed to
support to farmers’ group in selling the seed of wheat.
The photo and video snaps are being taking in each
activity of the project.
Project inception, technical and financial trimester
progress reports have been prepared and submitted to
NARDF as per schedule plan.
Achievements
Because of its early maturity, attractive panicle size and bold grains, farmers and stakeholders (representatives
of DADO, NGOs, and agro-vets) preferred BL 3503 genotype of wheat.
Farmers have saved five metric ton foundation seed of Annapurna 1 and 4 and six metric ton certified-1 seed
of WK 1204 for next year’s planting.
Total 227 farmers from 10 groups were trained on improved seed production technologies of wheat. Out of
them, 66% participants were female farmers.
Nine farmers from 10 groups were developed as leader farmers by providing five days training on pre and
post harvest technologies of seed production and seed marketing techniques.
Interaction visit of seed production block supported to farmers’ group in getting market of wheat seed.
240
Project Title
Duration of Project
Improvement on Orchard Management and Postharvest
Technology to Increase the Income of Mandarin Orange Growers
of Kusadevi VDC, Kavre
805/2010/11
Mr. Hari Prasad Subedi
Everest Consultancy , Kupandol, Lalitpur
9841366129, 015526502
014233656
1. District Agriculture Development Office, Kavre,
2. Department of Food Technology and Quality Control (DFTQC),
Government of Nepal,
3. Hatemalo Krisak Samuha, Kusadevi-3, Kavre,
4. Partner Nepal, ( NGO), Kathmandu
22 months , From Sept., 2011 to June 2013
Project Cost
Location of the Project
NRs. 199800.05
Kusadevi VDC-3 of Kavre District
Project No.
Project Co-ordinator
Address
Telephone
Fax
e-mail
Collaborator[s]/Partners (if any)
Background
Kavre is one of the high Mandarin Orange producer districts of the country with total production 7669 MT in
614 ha area. Kusadevi VDC-3, one of the high producer wards of Kavre, alone produces 250 MT annually.
Even though it is located nearby largest market, Kathmandu, the farmers who are involved in this sector are
not generating optimum income because of lack of knowledge and facility for managing the citrus orchard,
harvesting, preservation, transformation of the cull (small sized) fruits, and even appropriate marketing
strategies and the linkages. The main objective of the proposed program is to increase the income of the
mandarin orange growers of Kusadevi-3 by 10% with collective action of production increment, post harvest
loss reduction and transfer of low grade fruits into value added products, Jam and Squash. The main activities
include formulating the cooperative at the proposed area, providing technical assistance by means of onsite
training program for post harvest operation and orchard management, excursion or visit to already managed
orchard, establishment of facilities including cellar houses and Squash / Jam processing unit, providing
equipments or materials required for diseases control, harvesting etc. The outputs of the activities will be
increase in the production of mandarin orange by 5%, reduction of the post harvest losses to 10%, increase in
the price of the product to 15% by transferring the low grade fruits into value added products, Jam and
Squash. A marketing channel will be made to make the value added product access to the market. The
proposed program will contribute the national campaign of poverty reduction by increasing the income level
of the farmers to some extent; thus this program obviously addresses the area that the NARDF has targeted.
The main purpose of the project is poverty reduction through increased income by increasing production,
reducing the Mandarin Orange loss and converting the inferior low grade mandarin orange to value added
products like Jam and squash. The survey will help to collect the detail information including the condition of
the Mandarin Orange Orchard and awareness level of farmers, existing post harvest practices, the likely
constraints and the expectation of the farmers. The establishment of a cooperative comprising 242 farmers
from each household will make mutual cooperation among farmers and make them able to use the common
equipments provided for Orchard management, harvesting, storage or preservation, processing and also final
step marketing. A series of training and distribution of equipments pertaining to pre and post harvest
operations will increase the production; reduce the losses which collectively increase total production by 15%.
241
The purpose of transforming low grade produce into more valuable products shall be achieved by providing
training as well as facility (processing unit) to convert low grade fruits into more valuable products- Jam and
Squash. This strategy will increase the price by 15% than the cull fruits. These activities may urge them to
upscale to industries in the future. An establishment of marketing channel will help value added product
access the market. The project hugely encompasses marginalized people and women as beneficiaries to uplift
their living standard.
Finally, because the program will help reduce the poverty of farmers of the project area and the program will
be a supportive action to the poverty reduction campaign of country.
Beneficiaries
Though the project is focused to the farmers of 242 households of Kusadvi VDC-3, Thapagaun, the actual
beneficiaries will be more than this number, as the transferred technology will be further disseminated among
other farmers of the same and other VDCs.
Another group of the primary beneficiary will be the trader groups involving in Mandarin Orange Business.
The cellar house will be accessible to preserve fruits until they reach the product to the market. They are made
aware and encouraged to harvest the product in right time; ultimately the problem of loss of productivity and
quality due to delay harvesting will be alleviated to significant extent.
In terms of marginalized groups, the beneficiaries comprise of 50% women, 30% Janajati, and 10% Dalit. So,
it will help to uplift the status of women and marginalized group as well.
The secondary beneficiaries could be the farmers of other Wards of Kusadevi VDC and its neighboring
VDCS. The information dissemination program covers also the growers of other wards and VDCs. Besides
this, the farmers of other wards/VDCs will have opportunity to observe and copy a model system in their own.
The consumers could also be secondary beneficiaries as they will have chance to get the citrus fruits in
reasonable price even in the off season.
Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVIs) of till date
- Survey of total 125 farmers of Kusadevi VDC-3 and 25 stakeholders (contractors and traders) by Oct,
2011.
- Establishment of one cooperative in Kusadevi VDC-3, Thapagaun, by Nov, 2011.
- Training on post harvest technology to 50 farmers' representative from 242 farmers by Dec, 2011.
- Providing post harvest related equipments by Jan, 2012.
- Field Visit for 50 farmers conducted by 27 may , 2012
Up-scaling Pathways
The project is totally based on demand and aspirations of the intended beneficiaries since it was developed
after intensive interaction. The project is mainly focused to increase the production, reduce the post harvest
loss and transfer the low grade fruits into value added products. The increment of income will encourage the
farmers for continual use of the improved technologies and extension of the capacity and facilities. The
project will make the cooperative of 242 farmers well equipped, so the farmers of that area will use it for their
optimum benefit. In the future the cooperative could turn that small processing plant into large scale and
construct more cellar houses after realizing the benefits. After the completion of the project the cooperative
could take minimal charge from those farmers or the traders who use the equipments, cellar houses,
processing units for the sustenance and maintenance of these facilities. A marketing chain comprising farmers
and contractors /traders will be established for the market access of the products. To assure the quality of the
product DFTQC and DADO will be the collaborators. The program will also include designing of label and
brand name. After the completion of the project the organization will interact with DADO, Unnat Mahila
Smuha and Partner Nepal (NGO) to evaluate the achievement and replicate the program in other parts also.
Establishment of fruit processing unit and making the farmers capable in processing will help farmers to
develop entrepreneurship. The improved marketing technologies will be another part to encourage them to
promote their business.
242
Targeted Outputs: The output of the programs conducted till now is:
Output. 1. Improved Post Harvest Technology
Activities
1.1 Survey of total 125 farmers of Kusadevi
VDC-3
and
25
stakeholders
(contractors and traders) by Oct,
2011.
1.2 Establishment of one cooperative in
Kusadevi VDC-3, Thapagaun, by
Nov, 2011.
1.3 Training on post harvest technology to
50 farmers' representative from 242
farmers by Dec, 2011.
1.4 Field Visit for 50 farmers conducted by
Dec, 2011.
1.5 Providing
post
harvest
related
equipments by Jan, 2012.
1.6 A total of 50 farmers from
representative from 242 shall be
trained pertaining to jam and Squash
processing by Feb, 2012.
1.7 Providing Jam / Squash Processing unit
by March, 2012.
1.8 Establishment of two cellar house of
capacity 5 Ton each by Aug, 2012.
2.1 Training to 50 representative farmers
pertaining to on-farm Orchard
Management by Apr, 2012.
2.2 Field visit to 50 farmers at Bagbani
Kendra by Apr, 2012.
2.3 Providing
orchard
management
related equipments to cooperative by
Apr, 2012.
2.4 Monitoring and supervision of
orchard from Apr, 2012 to Dec, 2012.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Dissemination of improved pre & post
harvest technology through booklets /
leaflets by Oct, 2012.
Strengthening the marketing system
by interaction of farmers & traders by
Nov, 2012.
Monitoring and supervision of
Processing and quality of Jam /
Squash by DFTQC by Feb, 2013.
Workshop on project progress
Progress status
Completed by Oct., 2011
Remarks
Completed by Nov., 2011
Completed by Dec, 2011
Completed by 27,May,
2012
Yet to complete
Yet to begin
Yet to begin
Yet to begin
The Jam and squash Industry
gave the permission later than
the stipulated time, and
another reason that delayed
the program was political
unrest i.e. Nepal band, and
protests; so the program was
delayed to 27th may, 2012.
Yet to begin
Yet to begin
243
3.5
3.6
evaluation by March, 2013.
Preparation of documentary covering
major activities from start to the end
of the project by May 2013.
Report writing (inception, trimester,
annual and final) and submission of
final report & documentary by June,
2013.
1.9 Survey of total 125 farmers of Kusadevi
VDC-3
and
25
stakeholders
(contractors and traders) by Oct,
2011.
1.10 Establishment of one cooperative in
Kusadevi VDC-3, Thapagaun, by
Nov, 2011.
1.11 Training on post harvest technology to
50 farmers' representative from 242
farmers by Dec, 2011.
1.12 Field Visit for 50 farmers conducted by
Dec, 2011.
1.13 Providing
post
harvest
related
equipments by Jan, 2012.
1.14 A total of 50 farmers from
representative from 242 shall be
trained pertaining to jam and Squash
processing by Feb, 2012.
1.15 Providing Jam / Squash Processing unit
by March, 2012.
1.16 Establishment of two cellar house of
capacity 5 Ton each by Aug, 2012.
Yet to begin
Achievements:
A total 125 farmers of Kusadevi VDC-3 and 25 stakeholders (contractors and traders) were surveyed to find
out awareness and facility level on orchard management and post harvest technology. The survey finding
became the main tool to design the training and provide equipment and facilities to the farmers.
A cooperative, Unnat Mahila Krishi Sahakari Sanstha, comprising 38 members, was established to conduct
all the activities in cooperative concept. The training was given to the 50 farmers, representative from 242
households, by Dec, 2011 pertaining to the post harvest handling and some related equipments were also
distributed in the same time. A total of 40 farmers were provided one day visit to Jam and Squash Industry
.This visit certainly helped to know about the opportunities in using the cull fruits in making value added
products.
244
Project title
Commercial seed production & entrepreneurship development
-cfof]hgfsf] zLif{s_
Project No:
806/2010/11
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Suryanath Yogi
-cfof]hgf ;+of]hs_
Address:
Telephone
Email Address
Collaborating organization
Birendranagar-3, Surkhet
083521226/9848031194
[email protected]/[email protected]
District Agriculture office, Dailekh/ ARC, Dailekh
-cfof]hgfdf ;xefuL ;+:yf_
Start Date
End Date
Project Cost
-:jLs[t ah]6_
Location of project
2068-06-01
071-05-31
20,62,565 NARDF - RS 19,98,565.00
NGO - Rs 64,000.00
Goganpani, Bharaha, Dadaprajul, Dailekh
Background
cfof]hgfsf] sfo{If]q b}n]v lhNnfsf] blIf0f e]udf /x]sf] uf]ugkfgL, 8fF8fk/fh'n / a/fx uf=lj=;= ;'v]{t / b}n]v
;b/d'sfdaf6 sl/a @)–^) ls=ld=sf] b'/L leq kb{5g\ . oL cfof]hgfsf If]qx?df a;f]af; ug]{ s[ifsx? vfBfGg cefj,
a]/f]huf/L, Go"g cfo ePsf blnt, hghflt, lakGg ju{sf a:tLx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L cfof]hgf nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . pQm
7fpFx?df ;8s ;'ljwf / ;'v]{t, g]kfnu+h h:tf ahf/x? glhs x'g'sf] ;fy} Pu|f]e]6 tyf aLp Joj;foLx?af6 aLp vl/b
laqmL 7"nf] dfqfdf ub}{ cfPtf klg o; If]qsf s[ifsx?n] o;sf] k|ltkmn lng ;ls/x]sf 5}gg . s[ifsx?sf] aLpsf] dfu
a9\b} uPsf] ljleGg ;/sf/L / u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] aLp pTkfbgdf k|fyldstf /fv]sf]n] u'0f:t/Lo aLpsf] dfu
ePsf]n] lhNnfnfO{ aLpdf cfTdlge{/ agfpg / s]xL aLp lhNnf aflx/ lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf klg /x]sf] sf/0f
s[ifsx?sf] cfo cfh{g j[l4 ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvPsf]n] o; cfof]hgf nfu" ul/Psf] xf] .
Project purpose/objectives
-
;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df afnL tyf hftsf] 5gf}6 u/L Joj;flos aLp pTkfbg ug]{ .
k|ljlw af/] 1fg, ;Lk lbg] .
bIftf xfl;n u/fO{ Joj;flos aLp pTkfbg ug]{ .
cfo cfh{g j[l4 ug]{ .
lhNnf aLpsf] cfk"lt{ u/fO{ s]xL aLp cfoft k|lt:yfkg u/L lgof{t k|j4{g ug]{ .
Beneficiaries
-
krxQ/ 3/w'/Lsf s[ifsx?nfO{ aLp pTkfbg k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf]
5.
lqrfln; x]= If]qkmn hUufdf ljleGg afnL nufO{ !)) d]= 6g aLp pTkfbg ul/Psf] 5 .
>f]t aLp cfk"lt{ ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 .
s[ifs ;d"xdf k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
aLp pTkfbgaf/] k|rf/k|;f/ Pkm=Pd= / :yfgLo klqsf tyf s[ifssf] dfWodaf6 ul/Psf] 5 .
u'0f:t/Lo aLp pTkfbg ul/Psf] 5 .
ahf/ ;'lglZrttf .
Objectively verifiable indicators lovis
- &% hgfsf] tLgj6f aLp pTkfbs s[ifs ;d"x u7g u/L #$ x]= Area af6
- cfof]hgf cjlwsf] cGTodf $# x]= Area lj:tf/ eO{ !)) d]= 6g aLp
*) d]= 6g aLp pTkfbg ug]{ .
pTkfbg x'g] .
245
- cfof]hgfsf] z'? jif{sf] pTkfbgaf6 k|lt kl/jf/ jflif{s ?= $%,))).– cfDbfgL eO{ cfof]hgfsf] clGtd jif{
;Dddf ?= %$,))).– k'Ug]5 .
- cGTo ;Dddf aLp pTkfbg k|ljlwaf/] k"0f{ hfgsf/L x'g] .
- &% hgf s[ifsx?n] Joj;flos ?kdf aLp pTkfbg ug]{ .
- sfo{If]qsf tLgj6} uf=lj=;=x?df Ps–Ps j6f u/L tLgj6f aLp pTkfbg
s[ifs ;d"x u7g x'g] .
UP-Scaling Pathways :
cfof]hgfsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ lbuf] ?k lbg lgDgfg';f/ cg';/0f / lj:tf/ k4ltx? tyf sfo{ gLlt cjnDjg ul/g] 5 .
¾ DADO ;Fu ;dGjo u/L DADO sf] sfo{ ljlw cg';f/ aLp pTkfbs s[ifs ;d"xx? btf{ u/fO{ ;+:yfut ?k lbg] /
aLp pTkfbg sfo{qmd / ;d"x lgoldt ;+rfng 3Psf 5g\ .
¾ s[ifs ;d"x k|To]s dlxgfsf] lglZrt lbg / ;dodf dfl;s a}7s a;fNg] sfo[qmd ePsf] 5 .
¾ lxtsf]if ;+sng -dfl;s !)–@%_
¾ tflndaf6 kfPsf] ;}4flGts tyf Jojxfl/s 1fg, ;Lkaf6 pTkfbg sfo{qmdn] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] 5 .
¾ >f]t aLp cfk"lt{sf nflu ljleGg kmd{x?;Fu ;Dks{ :yflkt u/L >f]t aLp cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
¾ s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|;Fu ;dGjo u/L k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
Project Status Reports :
Targeted Outputs :
Joj;flos jLp pTkfbg sfo{s|d jLp pTkfbg ;d"xx? u7g u/L ;d"xsf ;b:ox? JolQmut ?kdf / ;fd'lxs ?kdf
Joj;flos jLp pTkfbf sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{5g\ . o;af6 pBdlzntf ljsf; eO{ ;+:yfut ljsf; x'g]5 . ck]lIft
k|ltkmnx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
!= j:t'ut af/] hfgsf/L
cfof]hgfsf] sfo{s|djf/] ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ;DjGw :yflkt eO{ hfgsf/L x'g] .
@= 1fg, ;Lk,clea[l4 x'g] . Joj;flos jLp pTkfbg sfo{s|djf6 jLp pTkfbg k|ljlw, ahf/ Joj:yfkg cflb jf/] 1fg,
;Lk clea[l4 x'g] .
#= jLp pTkfbgsf] If]qkmn lj:tf/ x'g] .
cfof]hgf cjlwsf] clGtd aif{df $# x]= If]qkmndf Joj;flos jLp pTkfbg If]q lj:tf/ x'g]5 .
$= u'0f:t/Lo jLp pTkfbg Joj;foLs jLp pTkfbs s[ifsx?jf6 cfof]hgf cjlwsf] clGtd aif{df sl/j !)) d]= 6g
jLp pTkfbg x'g]5 .
%= cfo cfh{g a[l4 x'g]
cfof]hgfsf] cjlwsf] clGtd aif{df k|lt kl/jf/ s"n ?=%$))÷— cfDbfgL x'g]5 .
^= ;+:yfut ljsf; x'g] / jLpsf] sf/f]jf/ lgoldt x'g] .
cBdlzntfsf] ljsf;jf6 ;+:yfut ljsf; eO{ ljp Joj;fosf] sf/f]jf/ lgoldt x'g]5 .
S.N
1.1
Activities
Progress Status
Remark
cfwf/e"t tYof+s ;+sng
qmfo{{qmd nfu' ePsf] ltg j6} uf=lj=;= x? 8f+8fk/fh'n,
uf]ugkfgL tyf a/fx df ;DkGg ul/;lsPsf]
gf8]{km df
l/kf]{6
a'emfO{;lsPsf]
1.2
cfof]hgfsf] hfgsf/L tyf
kl/rofTds uf]i7L
;d"x u7g -# j6f_
;DkGg eP;s]sf]
1.3
2.1
jLp pTkfbs k|ljlw ljifos s[ifs
tflnd
2.2
>Jo b[io pTkfbg
246
k|Toos uf= j=;= df ! J6f u/L # j6f ljp pTkfbg
;d"x u7g ul/Psf]
klxnf] rf}dfl;sdf ! J6f / bf];|f] rf}dfl;sdf @ j6f
;DkGg ePsf] h;jf6 s[ifsx?df t/sf/L jLp pTkfbg
ug{ ;Ifd P+j cfs/lif{t ePsf
s]/fp, d"nf,/
l;ldsf] jLp
u/L ( So"6n
jLp pTkfbg
ug{ ;kmn
klxnf] / bf];|] rf]dfl;sf] ultljw x/nfO{ pTkfbg ug[]
sfd ePsf]
3.1
3.2
3.3
>f]t jLp tyf pTkfbg ;fd|fuL
Joj:yfkg tyf ljt/0f
jLp ptkfbg qmfo{qmdsf]
k|ljlw÷jLp lg/LIfsjf6
;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg
cf}hf/ pks/0f ljt/0f
4.1
4.2
xf]l8u jf]8{ k|bzg
cfof]hg pknJwL d"Nof+sg
cWoog e|d0f
5.1
jLp gd"gf ;+sng tyf
k|of]uzfnfdf kl/If0f
jLp Koflsu ;fdu|L vl/b tyf
ljt/0f
k|ltj]bg tof/L
5.2
5.3
ltg j6f uf=lj=;= sf # u6} ;d"xdf s]/fp, l;dL,
d"nf, cfn' / ds}sf] d"n ljp ljt/0f ul/Psf]
kTos jfNLdf k6s k6s lg/LIf0f ul/Psf] / ;'emfjx?
S[ifsx?nfO lbO{Psf]
:k]//, xhf/L / bf+t] x? ltg j6} uf=lj=;= sf ltg j6}
;d"xdf ljt/0f ul/Psf]
t;\f] rf}dfl;sdf ;DkGg ul/g]
bf];|f] rf}dfl;sdf ltj} uf=lj=;= sf ltg j6} ;d"xsf @%
hgf s[ifsx?nfO{ cfof]hgf :yndf e|d0f u/fOPsf]
h;jf6 s[ifsx? Ljp pTkfbg sfo{qmd tkm{ emg
cfs{lif[t ePsf
t];\f] rf}dfl;sdf ;DkGg ul/g]
t];\f] rf}dfl;sdf ;DkGg ul/g]
klxnf] rfdfl;s / bf];|f] rf}dfl;sdf ;DkGg ul/Psf]
gf8]{km df
l/kf]{6
a'emfO{;lsPsf]
Achievements :
aLp pTkfbg ;d"x u7g u/L JolQmut / ;fd'lxs ?kdf Joj;flos aLp pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePsf] 5 .
pBdlzntf ljsf; eO{ ;+:yfut ljsf; ePsf] 5 .
¾ j:t'l:ylt af/] hfgsf/L lnPsf] .
¾ 1fg, ;Lk clej[l4 ePsf] .
¾ aLp pTkfbgsf] If]qkmn lj:tf/ ePsf] .
¾ u'0f:t/Lo aLp pTkfbg ul/Psf] .
¾ cfocfh{gdf a[l4 .
¾ ;+:yfut ljsf; / jLpsf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] .
247
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Enhancement of carp fish production for livelihood improvement
and income generation of fisher communities at Dumariya, Jatahara
& Rampurkhap villages in Rautahat District
807/2010/11
Narayan Giri
u|fld0f blnt tyf s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| , h6x/f, /f}tx6
Mobile: 9849124427
[email protected]
District Agriculture Development Office, Rautahat
2068/6/1
206/7/30
End Date:
Rs 1024000
Dumariya, Jatahara & Rampur khap VDCs in Rautahat District
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Enhancement of carp fish production for livelihood and income generation project has been conducted at
Dumariya, Jatahara & Rampurkhap villages of Rautahat District since last 8 months. The project is operating
in 8 different fish ponds that covers 2 ha water surface area. There are 34 fish farmers from Muslim,
fishermen, Tiwari and yadav communities as beneficiaries of this project. Based on the pond location and
experience the farmers they are divided in two groups namely food fish and fingerling production
accordingly. The objective of the project is to increase pond productivity to about 2000 kg/ha from the exiting
600 kg/ha Likewise, the project aims to distribute 150000 fingerlings of various carp species among the
beneficiaries through rearing hatchling and fry fish. The culture fish species are Silver, Bighead, Grass, Rohu
and Naini. The development based activities will run for about 10 months starting from 1st Aswin to last of
Ashar. To meet the proposed out puts, several other activities like baseline survey, farmer’s group discussion,
stakeholder interaction, problem based farmers training and farmers tour in commercial fish pocket area as
well as pond repair and maintenance and water management programs will be conducted throughout project
period. Moreover, the beneficiaries will further supported by providing various production inputs like
fingerlings, fish feed, organic and inorganic fertilizer in order to boost up fish production for a given period of
time. The lead institute of the project will solely responsible for the management of the various inputs
visualized by the project.
Increase income and employment opportunity in rural areas through large scale carp fish production is the
main purpose of this project. The fish ponds in the project sites are poorly managed and less importance has
given by the farmers for their improvement. Convincing the farmers for the adoption of improved fish culture
practices is the main challenge visualized by the project. Therefore, the farmers will be motivated and
facilitate for the adoption of proven fish culture technology in their respective ponds to increase per unit
productivity. It is expected that through project activities fish production will increase to a desired extent that
will ultimately support for raising income and employment to the participating farmers.
Beneficiaries
The 34 fish farmers from Muslim, Yadav, Tiwari and fishermen communities are the direct beneficiaries in
this project. On the other hand, fish consumer, local traders, DADO Rautahat and fish farmers, nursery keeper
around project area, hoteliers, feed /fertilizer suppliers will indirectly benefited from the project activities.
248
The project outputs will be verified by the help of the following indicators;
1. At the end of project period 8 different ponds owned by farmers will adopt improved fish culture
practices
2. The existing productivity 600 kg/ha will increased to about 2000kg/ha.
3. The participating group will reared 150000 fingerlings carp fish species and distributed accordingly.
Up-scaling Pathways
During project implementation, the result and method demonstration of the implemented activities, group
meeting and discussion among the stakeholders, training to farmers and visits in fish pocket area are the
uptake pathways of the project output. Likewise the documented results of each program will be published
with the help of folders and video which will promote for scaling up of project output.
Targeted Outputs:
The project aims to investigate the growth and production potential of carp fish in farmers managed systems
through application of improved package of practices. The measurable output of the project can be
summarized as;
1 Fish farmers adopted improved fish culture practices: The existing knowledge and skill of the fish
farmers will improved by the action of project activities.
2 Fish productivity increased: The existing ponds productivity (600 kg/ha) will increase (2000 kg/ha)
by the application of feed, fertilizer, water quality and fish health management practices.
3. Project out come disseminated: The achievement of the project will produced in the form of folder and
video and disseminated among the stakeholder.
Activities
1.2 Orientation
/Inception
meeting
1.2 Baseline survey
Progress status
An orientation program was held at project area in Bhadra 31, 2068
where all the beneficiaries along with project team and member from
lead institution were participated. The project coordinator high lights
about the importance of the project, output to be achieved and the role
of participating instructions while implementing the project. Moreover
detail discussions were made about the each activities like water and
water quality management, farmers training, selection for trainees,
pond repair and maintenance, fingerlings and table fish production
programs, application of organic and inorganic fertilizer in the pond,
feeding to fish , regular monitoring, harvesting and documentation of
the output. The participants took part actively in the discussion
programs
A baseline survey was conducted in different ponds owned by 34
farmers in the project area. Most of the ponds in the project area were
found more than 10 years old covered with grasses, plants leaves. The
shallow tube-well as well as monsoon rain fall were found main source
of water for the ponds. The reports shows that the fish farmers in the
project area has more than five years experience in fish culture
practices where most of the participants replied that they have never
got improved fish culture training from government or private
institution in the past. The farmers found to use to about 9 months of
their pond in a year for fish culture activities where stocking of
Common carp, Silver carp, Bighead carp, Rohu and Naini fish species
are very common @ 50000 individual per hectare. Stocking of fish
seed takes place during Jestha to Sarawan of each year when monsoon
Remarks
249
1.3 Training to fish
growers
2.1 Repair/
maintenance of fish
ponds and water
management
2.2 Food fish
production program
2.3 Fingerlings
production
programmes
3.2 Report writing
and submission
3.3
Publication/
Demonstration
3.4.1 Regular
250
season starts. The survey report further shows that farmers use to
purchase fingerlings from India which are delivered in their ponds by
fishermen group who are involved in fish seed transportation activities.
About 50 % respondents replied that they do apply rice bran; oil cake
and urea as a fish feed 2- 4 times in a year to their ponds but not
regularly where as rest of the respondents never do feed to their fish
except following stocking and harvesting practices. The study report
further shows that farmers do produce to about 30 kg fish by a Katha
in a year from their ponds out of which 40 % are consumed by the
family and rest are sold in the local market. The entire respondent
replied that they want to improve their income through fish farming in
the year to come by practicing improved package of practices.
Two days fish culture training was organized at project area where the
participants were trained in various aspects of improved fish culture
practices, like pond preparation, water management, liming to the
ponds, fish species to be culture and their biology. The training also
focused on stocking density, size and ratio of feed, feeding practice as
well as water quality management. Moreover the training also focused
on fish growth check-up practices, fish health management through
control of fish diseases and parasites. Farmers also trained about the
techniques on fish seed transportation methods and feed preparation
techniques as well as problems associated with fish farm management
along with fish harvesting and marketing.
Time to time repair and maintenance of fish pond has great importance
for productivity enhancement. The ponds covered by project were
cleaned by removing weeds, unnecessary humus, plant leaves and
grasses. This has changed the water quality.
This program has initiated in five different ponds namely Bijay ponds,
Jatahara ponds, School ponds, Suresh pond and Tiwari pokhari
respectively. In these ponds different size of fingerling of Silver carp,
Bighead carp, Rohu, Naini and Common carp were stocked @ 15000
per hectare. These ponds were fertilized with organic and inorganic
manure along with lime. The water quality has improved.. Fish are fed
regularly with oil cake and rice bran at the rate of 3 % of their body
weight. The situation has improved. The farmers are suggested that the
growing fish should be partially harvested when reached at marketable
size.
Production of different size of fingerling of silver, bighead, rohu and
naini fish species is the aim of this project in order to supply fish seed
to the farmers. For that three ponds namely Dabir, Labatana and Jayula
has selected and stocking hatchling for fingerling production has
started. The participating farmers reared 4 lakh hatchlings of different
fish species in their ponds and have sold 80000 fingerlings during this
period through nursing and rearing practices.
The various activities conducted during first quarter of the project
were documented, recorded, analyzed and written in well defined
format and submitted to the National Agriculture Research and
Development Fund as a quarterly progress report.
For wider scale information about the project activities two hoarding
board about food fish production program and fingerlings nursing and
rearing activities were prepared and demonstrated in the project site.
. For the successful implementation of the project activities a regular
monitoring
3.4.2 Joint
monitoring
3.5 Video making
monitoring program was held at project site on fifth Paush 2068 where
member from lead institution as well as project beneficiaries were
involved. During this program beneficiaries expressed satisfaction
about the activities conducted in the past and shown their commitment
to meet the output designed by the project.
• Based on the project planned activities a joint monitoring
program was conducted on Mangsir 17 through project team.
The team has shown satisfaction about the performance of the
activities conducted in the past and has given various
suggestions for the future. The team has suggested selling
large size marketable fish on regular basis which will enhance
the productivity of the pond. Likewise, suggestion was also
given to use lime and Malathion in Suresh pond where water
quality was not maintained properly.
For wider scale application of this project video of each activities
(pond preparation, fingerlings stocking, feeding to fish, fish growth
check-up, farmers training, pond cleaning, fish harvesting) conducted
in the past has prepared and documented at project office. The
complete package of the video will be submitted at the end of project
•
Interaction with beneficiaries about project activities conducted.
•
Baseline information about the project accessed.
•
Fish production capacity of each pond accessed.
•
Pond repair and maintenance as well as water management activities for that particular period
completed.
•
Hatchling nursing for fingerling production has completed for that period.
•
Fingerlings stocking activities for table fish production completed.
•
Partial harvesting practices of marketable size fish has followed.
•
Beneficiaries were trained about improved fish culture practices.
•
Water quality monitoring and fish growth check-up practices has conducted.
251
Project Title:
Improving the livelihood of small holding rural HHs through
introduction and dissemination of community managed rainbow
trout fish farming in Makawanpur district.
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
808/2010/11
Tuk Narayan Paudel
MADE Nepal , Bharatpur, Chitwan
056-520457/ 528604
056- 524861
[email protected]
DADO, Makawanpur , Fisheries Research Station of National
Agriculture Research Council kulekhani Makwanpur.
September, 2011 End Date:
August, 2013
9,99,174
Daman VDC, Makawanpur district
Start Date:
Project Cost:
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Agriculture is the foundation of the economy of Nepal, contributing almost 33 % of total GDP of the country.
About 86% of Nepal’s population lives in rural areas depending on subsistence farming for their livelihoods.
Household food security and poor nutrition are still major concerns in rural areas. It is need of today to bring a
shift from subsistence farming to market oriented commercial farming practices for expanded economic
opportunities of the rural population in course of reducing poverty in Nepal. Further, it is inevitable to make
the existing farming system more productive, sustainable and self reliant in improving the livelihood
conditions of Nepalese people. There are great potential of agricultural growth in Nepal including fisheries
because of suitable climatic condition and topography, ecological variations and adequacy of biodiversities.
The tenth 5 years Plan of the Government of Nepal and subsequent two 3 years' interim plans (TYIPs) with
due reorganization of the Agricultural Perspective Plan (APP) has recognized fisheries including rainbow
trout fish farming as one of the important alternatives for the economic growth of the country and for poverty
reduction. However, these opportunities have not yet been explored in Nepal.
There is great scope of rainbow trout farming and its products in the markets. This enterprise is highly
profitable from the point of view of comparative advantage. In markets, the rainbow trout fishes gets higher
market price than other breeds of fishes do. Therefore, the rainbow trout fish farming seems to be more
benefiting to the resource poor farmers in terms of economic return of their investment, labor and time. It is
expected to help create employment opportunity and increase the HHs incomes especially that of small
farmers. There is great export potential of rainbow trout fish in internal and external markets. Rainbow trout
fish farming, being as one of the high value commodities, have tremendous scope for improving the food
security and livelihoods of poor and for expanded economic opportunities of the small holding farmers
through high degree of additional HH incomes. As we all know that land is the most dependable resource on
which livelihoods of the farming communities depend on. As a result, the exceedingly smallholding has
marginalized the farm HHs so much that the communities are forced to look for the alternative source of
livelihood. In this regard, small holder farmers can increase better access to income generating opportunities
thereby commercial promotion and marketing of high value rainbow trout fishes as "window opportunities" in
many parts of Nepal including present project area of Makawanpur district.
The proposed project is basically linked with commercial promotion and marketing of high value rainbow
trout fishes as a lucrative agribusiness for additional HH incomes of small holding farmers in project area.
The purpose of this project is to introduce and widely disseminate the community managed trout production
252
as a model for mass and wider adoption by small holders in the project area. The HH income of the majority
of poor farmers in the project area will be substantially increased by wider adoption of rainbow trout
community based model and entrepreneurship development at local levels which is envisaged to be
instrumental in attacking the mass poverty and reducing vulnerability in the project area. The purpose of the
project will be achieved through introduction and wider dissemination of rainbow trout based production
technology, entrepreneurship development and functional market networks in the project area. It is anticipated
that the income of participating HHs will be increased at least by 30% in the project area.
Beneficiaries
In general, the primary beneficiaries of the project, will be smallholding rural HHs in the project area,
however, most disadvantaged and marginalized groups of people like women, Dalits, Janajatis and pro-poor
farming HHs who are facing exclusion from normal service delivery mechanisms on grounds like
inaccessibility, flaws in intervention process and approaches based upon gender, caste, ethnicity and
geographical locations will be the intended beneficiaries in particular. A total of 210 populations attributing to
30 rural HHs of aforesaid categories will be directly benefited by the project intervention in the project area.
Women will be directly benefited as high value rainbow trout based production and marketing activities will
be overwhelmingly run by the women. The rainbow trout based small traders, middlemen, contractors,
businessmen, entrepreneurs, porters and investors will also be benefited by participating in rainbow trout
production, collection, transporting and marketing activities in the project area. The fish consumers will also
be directly benefited by the intervention and implementation of the project.
The objectively verifiable indicators for the project outputs are as per given below.
Output-1:
Before onset of the project implementation, baseline information of the existing situation will be carried out
and duly analyzed. The potential sites and farmers will be selected based on feasibility, situation analysis and
need assessment. Farmers will be oriented about project intervention at selected clusters/hamlets in the
program VDC.One model trout farm will be established and demonstrated in the project area for wider
dissemination of the production technology. Management and supervision of the farms will be duly made in
regular bases. Followings are some of the objectively Verifiable indicators for output-1
•
By the end of the project, one community managed trout production farming adopted in the project
area by the participating HHs (30 HHs) by the efforts of this project .
Output-2:
For the development of sustainable market networks, a trout fish based market survey will be carried out. The
farmer groups will be imparted market development training. The trout fish based market networks will be
promoted through market development workshop and organization of market fair in the project area.
Followings are some of the objectively verifiable indicators for output-2.
•
•
•
By the end of the project, 600 Kg of fresh trout fish produced in the model farm by the group through
adoption of the newly introduced trout production technology in the project area.
By the end of the project, the additional annual incomes of participating each HHs (30 HHs)
increased at least by NRs 18,000 in the project area.
By the end of the project, the trout fish based functional market developed and promoted.
253
Output-3:
For scaling up of the project outputs, extension material in the form of booklets will be prepared and widely
disseminated among wider range of the stakeholders. Followings are some of the objectively verifiable
indicators for output-3.
•
By the end of the project, one farmer group directly involved in trout fish transaction by the effort of
project in the project area in comparison to 2011.
•
By the end of project period, the whole sellers and retailers involved in fish transaction with farmers
by the effort of the project in the project area as compared to 2011.
•
By the end of the project period (2013), trout fish based marketing operated through farmer group
channel occupied more than 80% of the total fish transaction by the project in the project area in
comparison to 2011.
•
A total of 450 copies of booklets published and distributed to the concerned stakeholders and farmers
at the end of the project period.
•
A 15 minutes long video documentary developed regarding community managed trout fish farming.
Up-scaling Pathways
Considering the uptake pathways (UP) as one of the important means of route or channel to disseminate
research products to users, this project is built in with inclusion of various effective methods of UP to scale up
technologies regarding rainbow trout production and marketing in wider scale. The approaches/methods of up
scaling to be employed in this project will be as per stated below.
a)
Numbers of extension materials such as brochures, leaflets, booklets, poster and pamphlets will be
duly prepared and widely disseminated as one of the promotion pathways for the uptake, or up
scaling of the project outputs.
b) At the end of the project, an output sharing workshop will be organized for sharing the
results/outputs of the project among wider range of stakeholders which will be another promotion
pathway for the uptake or up scaling of the project outputs in the project area.
c)
The visits of the farms and the farmer groups by the non participating farmers of adjoining area will
also be an important promotion pathway for uptake or up scaling of the project outputs by the
intended beneficiaries in the project area.
d) Installation of hoarding boards and information dissemination through local FM radio will be another
prominent means of promoting pathways for the uptake or up scaling of the project output in the
project area.
e)
The overall responsibility for the project implementation will be taken by the lead Implementing
Agency (IA). However, coordination and linkage with the DADO is an important approach for the
implementation. DADO will be involved in monitoring and dissemination of the project outputs and
identified technologies. The involvement of DADO and CBOs in the project activities will help to
facilitate the up scaling of the project outputs to the intended beneficiaries.
f)
Field demonstration as a model regarding trout production will also be a means of up scaling process
from which farmers of the neighboring VDCs will adopt the model.
Marketing of fresh trout fish is an important concern for farmers, which will be an important factor for the up
scaling of the research outputs.
254
Targeted Outputs:
Output-1:
Rainbow trout fish based appropriate production model in the project area introduced.
A series of activities and sub activities to deliver this output such as reconnaissance survey, primary learning
classes (PLCs), group organization, establishment of model trout farm, estimate of economic analysis
(cost/benefit) will be carried out in the project site.
Output-2:
Rainbow trout fish based market networks and entrepreneurship in the project area developed in a self
sustained basis.
To deliver this output, numbers of activities such as market survey for market-network establishment, market
development training/workshop and market fairs will be emphasized and implemented in the project area.
Output-3:
Community based rainbow trout fish farming widely disseminated and scaled up.
To deliver this output, project introductory workshop, preparation and dissemination of extension materials,
output sharing workshop and fish farm visits will be emphasized and implemented in the project area.
Moreover, the project will also be regularly monitored by NARDF.
Activities
Reconnaissance study for site selection
Organization of farmer groups
Construction of basic infrastructures including
raceway ponds
Undertake primary learning classes (PLCs) for
women
Project introductory workshop
Internal monitoring
Progress status
Study is completed
Farmers are organized in a group
2 raceway ponds are constructed
Remarks
PLC is conducted in project area.
A project introductory workshop was
organized participating all stakeholder
Internal monitoring is done by MADE
Team
The project is just started and all the major activities are ongoing process so that achievement s and finding
will be seen in few months later.
255
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Development of novel means of environment friendly red ants (Dorylus
orientalis Westwood) management technology in potato crop in
Makawanpur District
809/2010/11
Min Raj Bhandari
MADE Nepal, Bharatpur-9, Chitwan
056-528604
056- 524861
[email protected]
DADO Makawanpur, Plant Protection Directorate, Harihar Bhawan,
Lalitpur
Sep 2011
Aug 2013
End Date:
9,99,316
Tistung and Palung VDC of Makawanpur district
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world with 24.8% of its population living
below the poverty line (NPC, 2011). Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for
three-fourths of the population and accounting for about one-third of GDP. About 86% of Nepal’s population
lives in rural areas and depends on subsistence farming for their livelihoods. Household food security and
poor nutrition are still major concerns in rural areas. It is need of today to bring a shift from subsistence
farming to market oriented commercial farming practices for expanded economic opportunities of the rural
population in course of reducing poverty in Nepal. Further, it is inevitable to make the existing farming
system more productive, sustainable and self reliant in improving the livelihood conditions of Nepalese
peoples. In hill area of Nepal potato is the staple foods so that it occupies fifth position in area, fourth in
production and first in productivity in Nepal with its cultivation in 185342 ha of land, 2517696 mt
production, and 13.58 mt/ha productivity. In Makwanpur district, total area, production and productivity is
4850Ha, 41994 Mt. and 8.65 Mt per hectare respectively (MOAC, 2009). In this district, Tistung and Palung
are major pocket areas of vegetables production. Potato is the major crop which planting time is Paush/ Magh
and harvesting time is Baisakh/ Jestha. In this area, different improved varieties of potato are introduced but
Palung white is more popular. Diseases and plant pests are the major production constraints of potato. In the
hills the major problems are Wart, Late Blight, Early Blight, Scab, Potato Tuber Moth, White Grub and Red
ants (CADP, 2008). The damage to potato tuber by Red ant is increasing year by year. In recent year about 20
percent tubers are damaged in proposed project area of Palung VDC.
In recent years, uses of biorational compounds including biopesticides have widely been increasing because
of the inability to achieve selective to non-target species with conventional synthetic insecticides (Mullin and
Croft, 1985). Research outputs so far done elsewhere suggest pesticide alone does not protect the crops for
reasonable period of time rather they pose residual effect on the crops that are directly harmful to the consumers.
Moreover, the chemical based pest control remains worth until the pest insect get resistance. Similarly, there is
greater risk of drifting off of the pesticide into rainwater. This is in fact truer in case of soil insect pests, where
selective control is neither feasible nor possible. Nepalese farmer often tend to use highly hazardous
pesticides with increasing dosages. In majority of the farming communities there is still greater misconception
as they think that there are not any alternative of chemical pesticides. Therefore, it is necessary to search the
alternative methods aiming to reduce pesticide use, maximizing biorational compounds and cultural practices. In
this study major focus is to find out effective local plants, method of cultural practices and resistance varieties to
minimize red ant damage.
256
The project aims at introducing the environment friendly red ant management technologies for wider
dissemination among the small holding farming communities in the project area. The purpose of the project is
50% of the potato growers in the project areas will adopt alternative method for red ant control.
In the project location, a survey will be done which will be identified and quantified ecological distribution
and associated loss of Red ant. A survey report will be prepared and based on this report, project activities
will be implemented in farmers field in participatory way. There will be identified three effective botanical
plant materials which are suitable measures for red ant control in farmers field demonstration. At the end of
project, project outputs will be documented and disseminated through communication media. Based on the
finding, appropriate extension materials of red ants control particularly suitable for potato growers of
Makawanpur and other similar agricultural domains of Nepal will be developed. This will be published in the
form of booklets and distributed mainly to the growers, extension agents and researchers. Likewise, short
massages regarding the use and effectiveness of botanical pesticides will be broadcasted by FM.
Beneficiaries
Small scale potato growers, resource poor farmers of rural areas especially of Tistung and Palung VDC will
be the primary beneficiaries. The main beneficiaries of this project are small-scale farming families, women,
dalit and janjati which derive their livelihood from bari land farming. The biorational control of pests such as
red ants makes crop production less vulnerable to pests and provides these families with opportunities to grow
high value crops (e.g. potato, vegetables and zinger) without the risk of major pest losses. About 40 rural HHs
will be the participants directly and more than 100 farmers will be benefited indirectly from this project.
Among direct beneficiaries, more than 50% will be women and more than 50% will be dalit and janjati.
Women will be directly benefited as high value potato production, and marketing activities will be
overwhelmingly run by women. The potato based small traders, middlemen, contractors, businessmen,
entrepreneurs, porters and investors will also be benefited by project in collection, transporting and marketing
activities in the project area. There will be significant spillover effect of technology for production and red ant
management, therefore farmers of adjoining areas will also be benefited through the project intervention.
Similarly, red ant and other insect based researchers, extension agents, service providers, I/NGOs, other line
agencies and students will also be benefited through accessibility of reliable documents generated by the
project.
Output 01. The on-farm losses, ecology and geographical distribution of red ant infested area investigated.
Indicator: Ecological distribution of red ant in the project areas will be identified and associated loss
quantified by the end of project.
Output 02. The botanical plant materials having insecticidal property to control red ant tested.
Indicator: At the end of the project, three effective botanical plant materials will be identified.
Output 03. The cultural and varietals methods for the management of red ant developed.
Indicator: At the end of the project, suitable measures for red ant control developed by which 50% losses in
yield reduced.
Output 04. The demonstration methods and findings of the red ant management documented and
disseminated through publication and video documentary.
Indicator: At the end of the project, project outputs documented in Nepali medium and disseminated
through communication media.
Up-scaling Pathways
The approaches/methods of up scaling to be employed in this project will be as per stated below.
g) Numbers of extension materials such as video documentary of major activities, brochures, leaflets, poster
and pamphlets will be duly prepared and widely disseminated as one of the promotion pathways for the
uptake, or up scaling of the project outputs.
257
h) At the end of the project, an output sharing workshop will be organized for sharing the results/outputs of
the project among wider range of stakeholders which will be another promotion pathway for the uptake or
up scaling of the project outputs in the project area.
i) The visits of the farms and the farmer groups by the non participating farmers of adjoining area will also
be an important promotion pathway for uptake or up scaling of the project outputs by the intended
beneficiaries in the project area.
j) Information dissemination through video documentary and local FM radio will be another prominent
means of promoting pathways for the uptake or up scaling of the project output in the project area.
k) The overall responsibility for the project implementation will be taken by the lead Implementing Agency
(IA). However, coordination and linkage with the DADO and monitoring of field activities by the DADO
are the important approach for scaling of the project outputs to the intended beneficiaries in a sustainable
way. Likewise farmers cooperative and local NGO and CBO will be vital role to scale up and
dissemination of technology.
Targeted Outputs:
This project aims to evaluate the efficacy of botanical plants as well as indigenous materials as a gate way to
control red ant in potato farming. For this, on-farm demonstration will be established so as to verify the
findings covering more number of farming families. Eventually, they will be enabled in controlling red ant;
hence the producers are the major beneficiaries. They will also serve as a resource person or centre for the
dissemination of the technology. With the outcomes, large number of farm families including men and
women will enable to achieve higher cash income from their bari land. Broadly following four outputs are
expected to achieve upon accomplishment of the study.
01. The on-farm losses, ecology and geographical distribution of red ant infested area investigated.
02. The botanical plant materials having insecticidal property to control red ant tested.
03. The cultural and varietals methods for the management of red ant developed.
04. The demonstration methods and findings of the red ant management documented and disseminated
through publication and video documentary.
Activities
Survey for understanding the biology of red ant,
yield loss assessment and degree of infestation
Site and farmers selection for demonstration
Conduct field demonstration using different
botanical plant materials with different application
methods for red ant control in potato
Study the effects of poison baits and other lures for
attracting the red ant population
Conduct varietals Demonstration for the
identification of tolerant varieties to red ants
Internal Monitoring of field activities
Progress status
Survey is done by team and a report is
prepared which is
submitted to
NARDF office
Sites and farmers are selected for study
Field demonstration
farmers field
is
started
Remarks
in
Study is started in field
Varietal trials are set up and research
activities are started in the farmers
fields
Quarterly basis monitoring is conducted
by team
The project is just started and all the major activities are ongoing process so that achievement s and finding
will be seen in few months later.
258
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Promotion of grain legumes to enhance food security and management of
degraded land in mid-hills of Nepal
810/2010/11
Mr SR Tripathi
National Grain Legumes Research Program (NGLRP)
Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC)
Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
056-591009, 9845031701 / 9751019412
00977-56-591009
[email protected]
DADO, Gorkha
DADO, Tanahu and
PESD, Tanahu
1st October 2011
31st September 2014
End Date:
2990400.00
Gorkha (Chyanling and Gaikhur VDCs) and Tanahun (Bhanu and Purkot
VDCs) districts
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Food deficiency, low productivity and malnutrition, in particular in hilly districts are the challenges to policy
makers, agricultural research and development workers. Land degradation is an important issue due to its
negative effect on crop productivity, environment and food security and quality of life. Fallow land, Low
productivity, food deficiency and malnutrition issues will be tackled by popularizing suitable grain legume
crops and establishing community based seed production system through participatory varietal selection,
demonstrations, minikits distributions, trainings, field days, seed production, stakeholders' workshop, leaflets,
local media (FM radio) and video documentary. This project aims to improving land quality and crop
production, and thereby improved food security, nutritional status and poverty reduction of resource poor,
marginal and women farmers of Tanahu and Gorkha districts. The problem of degraded land will be improved
through the integration and adoption of suitable grain legumes. This project will document potential and
constraints of grain legume production for study areas and recommend and disseminate suitable grain legumes
species/varieties integration in degraded land which ultimately improve nutrient status of degraded land, and
increased cropping intensity and total production. Active participation of farmer groups, local NGOs and
government agencies throughout the project period will ensure the adoption of grain legumes in the project
areas. This project will be launched at Chyanling and Gaikhur VDCs of Gorkha and VDCs Bhanuand Purkot
VDCs of Tanahun.
This project aimed to improve land quality and crop productivity in degraded land of western hills by
integrating suitable grain legumes such as pigeonpea, blackgram, cowpea, ricebean and lentil.
Beneficiaries
The primary beneficiaries of the project are the small marginalized, disadvantaged, women farmers of Tanahu
and Gorkha districts who were facing soil degradation and low agricultural productivity problem. During the
project period about two hundred and forty farmers were directly involved in technology testing and
verification trials, about 800 farmer households get opportunity to evaluate different grain legumes under
farmer acceptance test/ minikit program. Similarly, two hundred and forty farmers receive grain legume
production and management training. Women and dalits encourage participating in the project activities (at
least 40% women farmers’ participation in project were insured). The development and extension agencies
such as District Agriculture Development Office (DADO), NGOs, and CBOs working on cropping systems in
259
the project sites will also get the first hand information on land management utilizing grain legume
technologies. They will also play a key role in rolling out the proven technologies to other farmers. The
secondary beneficiaries are the entrepreneur, consumers and farmers who are involved in the consumption
and trade. The applications of the findings of this project work may increase production of grain legumes and
thereby promotion of small processing industries (dal mill, snack) and generate employment opportunities.
Policy makers, development agencies (GOs, NGOs and CBOs) and academic institutions are the upstream
beneficiaries using the technology generated for the purpose to review, amend and reformulate policy,
strategies and working guidelines. Farmers in neighbouring VDCs also benefit due to technology
dissemination and adoption. In the long run, technologies/methodologies developed and verified from this
project extrapolated to other regions having similar agro-ecological condition. There are not any negative
impacts of project findings or activities immediately and in the long-term.
Following are the objectively verifiable indicators for the outputs based on the intended outputs.
1.1 By July 2012, status, potential and constraints of soil and grain legumes in the project area documented.
2.1 By July 2014, one high yielding stress tolerant variety each of blackgram, cowpea, pigeonpea, ricebean
and lentil suitable for degraded/marginal land identified and recommended for integration in the existing
cropping system.
2.2 Grain legumes area and productivity in the project areas increased by 10 and 15%, respectively from preproject level by 2014.
3.1 By June 2014, integrated crop management (ICM) package on grain legumes will be verified and
disseminated.
4.1 FAT/ minikits of farmer preferred grain legume species/ varieties distributed to about 800 farming
households by 2014.
4.2 By 2014, two hundred and forty farmers and twenty field level workers of project area will be trained on
grain legume package of practices, and seed production
4.3 By 2014, two farmers useful leaflets, one booklet and radio programs, highlighting project outputs will
be prepared and disseminated in the project districts.
4.4 By 2014, one useful video documentary highlighting project success stories prepared and broadcasted
from TV.
Up-scaling Pathways
This project implemented in close cooperation with the DADO, local NGO and farmers. The activities in the
first year intend towards evaluation of promising and recommended technologies on grain legumes in the
project areas, while in the following two years activities focus on the demonstration, dissemination and upscaling of the selected technologies with active participation of the farming community, DADO, local NGOs
and CBOs (woman groups, farmers groups and local youth clubs). Demonstration, visits, field days, trainings
and publication of leaflets and booklets accelerate adoption and promotion of project outputs by the intended
beneficiaries. The outputs of the project also disseminate through periodical, technical reports, project
completion reports, monitoring reports, study reports and annual reports. Success stories share to wider farm
communities using local FM radio and video documentary. Agri-fair brings together different stakeholders
involved in technologies dissemination. Workshops help familiarize and facilitate the up scaling of project
outputs to the intended beneficiaries. Moreover, they also act as common forum for getting acquainted with
seeds of new varieties and receiving feedback from farmers.
260
Targeted Outputs:
Output 1: Base line information of project area documented
Output 2: Grain Legumes species/varieties integrated in degraded land.
Output 3: Integrated Crop Management (ICM) package demonstrated
Output 4: Farmers preferred grain legumes technologies for marginal/ degraded land scale up/ disseminated
and soil status improved
Activities
Progress status
Remarks
1.1 Project Inception meeting
Completed in November 2011
1.2 Site selection
Completed in October 2011
1.3 Baseline survey
Pre project survey completed in November
2011, and impact study will be done in the
3rd trimester of 2014.
2.1 Farmers selection ( for activity 2.3 -2.6)
Completed in November 2011
2.2 Orientation Training on PVS
Completed in December 2011
2.3 Evaluation of blackgram, cowpea and
Scheduled for 3rd trimester
ricebean in upland maize based cropping
system.
2.4 Evaluation of pigeonpea in sloppy
Yet to begin
wasteland and as intercrop in maize under
upland condition.
2.5 Lentil relay (conservation technology) in
Completed and again done for next year.
rice fallow for improving soil physiochemical properties.
2.6 Soil sampling and analysis.
Soil sampling and analysis scheduled for
the first year has been completed and the
next sampling and analysis will be done on
2014.
3.1 Farmer Selection
Scheduled for 2nd and 3rd years
3.2 Front Line Demonstration (FLD) of
farmers preferred grain legume varieties.
3.3 Diamond trial to evaluate Integrated Crop
Management (ICM) packages on selected
grain legumes
4.1 Field staff training
Completed in December 2011
Training scheduled for the first year has
4.2 Farmers Training
been completed in December 2011 and the
next training will be done on next year.
4.3 FAT/ Minikit Distribution
4.4 Agri. fair
4.5 Seed increase program
4.6 Farmer visit and Field day
On going
4.7 Monitoring and Evaluation
On going
4.8 Joint monitoring and evaluation
On going as per field activities
4.9 Review and planning workshop
Scheduled for 3rd trimester of each year
4.10 Meeting with project member and
On going
stakeholder
4.11 Data collection, analysis and reporting
On going as per field activities
4.12 Publication
Scheduled from 3rd trimester
4.13 Mass Media
On going
261
•
Project inception meeting were organized at Khatritar, Gorkha on 24 November 2011 and Purkot, Tanahu
on 25 November 2011 and highlighted the importance of legumes for human nutrition, cropping system,
soil health improvement and food security related issues.
•
Kausilatar Chyangli-6, and Jaruwapani and Kalamata of Gaikhur-1, 2 of Gorkha and Satighat of Bhanu-5
and Baliphant of Purkot- 6 of Tanahu were selected to run the project activities
•
A base line survey was conducted using PRA to document the existing socio economic situation, soil
status, crops and cropping patterns, constraints and opportunities of grain legumes in the project area.
•
Participatory variety selection (PVSs) of lentil was conducted to identify the suitable variety for rice fallow systems. Simal, Shital and ILL 7164 were performed well.
•
Soil samples were collected and analyzed to know the plant nutrients status (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and
Potash), organic matter (OM) and pH of the soils before intervention of the grain legumes. All tested soils
are low in OM and NPK. Majority soils are acidic need to lime application.
•
Extension field staff training on grain legume production in Gorkha and Tanahu was completed and 35
field staffs were trained.
•
Two farmers’ trainings, 140 collaborator farmers were trained on improved legume production
technologies was conducted in Puwatar, Gorkha and Baisajaghar, Tanahu during December 2011.
•
Regular field level activities has been monitored by involving producer farmers, the project team
(NGLRP, PESD and DADO) and concerned stakeholders. This activity helped to observe and monitor
field activities to improve the implementation of the project progress. Problems and the finding of the
field monitoring have been discussed on spot with farmers.
•
Joint monitoring of field trials by the stakeholders was carried out in the first trimester.
262
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Conservation and Promotion of Achhami Cattle
PP-811/ 2010/11
Dr. Neena Amatya Gorkhali
ABD, NARC Khumaltar
9841 249 135
977-1-5540511
Internal collaborators:
Different Livestock Disciplinary Divisions and Commodity programs of
NARC
External collaborators:
Central Bovine Promotion Office (CBPO)
National Livestock Breeding Centre (NLBC), Kaski
District Livestock Service Office (DLSO), Achham
Community Based Organizations
07/2068
09/2068
End Date:
Rs. 19,98,248.00
Mastamandu, Baijanath, Ghughurkot, and Jalpadevi VDCs of Achham
district
PROJECT SUMMARY
Background
Achhami cattle are claimed as the smallest breed in the world (Epstein, 1977; Neupane and Pokharel, 2005.
However, inadequate and low effort is placed for the awareness and supports to promote this fact. Achhami
cattle is well known for their hardiness and ability to produce milk even under harsh environmental and
management condition, however, potential of these cattle are overlooked. The pure Acchami cattle population
have greatly reduced and now almost declared as endangered breed for the cattle as only about 863 in total
number (Annual report, ALS, Achham, 2009) are surviving. In addition, the high rate of cattle declination and
critical inbreeding problems leaded to high risk of extinction. Currently, the Nepal Government realized the
importance and potential of the Achhami cattle and prioritized for the conservation and utilization, still
considering the improvement of livelihood and biodiversity conservation at the local level. Hence the project
proposal is identified as the need and action for achieving the results for conserving and promotion of
Achhami cattle, and also goes with the interest and priority of the Nepal Government on Achhami cattle.
Inadequate research work carried out in Achhami cattle has indicated that there is an ample scope for
increasing milk yield through simple selection programme along with intervention of complete package of
good husbandry practices. The project aims at creating higher level of participation of the Achhami cattle
farmers, creating awareness on scopes, sensitizing on conservation and utilization of Achhami cattle at the
grassroot level, along with project supports for improved package of scientific but still locally adaptive
management practices including cattle health and nutrition, other husbandry aspects such as livestock
housing, sanitation, proper utilization of livestock wastages etc.
Beneficiaries
The direct target and beneficiaries are local livestock raisers having Achhami cattle of the Mastamandu,
Baijanath, Ghughurkot, and Jalpadevi VDCs in Achham district, where as the indirect beneficiaries are those
who has a role on value chain system of input supports, processing and marketing Achhami cattle milk or
milk products. Likewise, DLS, institutions, NGOs, and cooperative farmers in Achham district will be
benefited by the experience capitalized (lesson learnt and result based locally adaptive improved practices) of
the project.
263
By end of project period, productivity is increased with the intervention of improved health, nutrition and
animal husbandry practices. Local people sensitized about the existence of the Achhami breed and its
population is increased at the project site by in-situ and ex-situ conservation method at the project area. At
least 30% of the Achhami population increment is envisaged at the project site.
The survey report, report compilation of infertility camps, lab reports, annual technical report, final technical
reports are the means of verification for project outputs.
Up-scaling Pathways
The project focuses on capacity building trainings and input support to Achhami cattle rearing farmers and
strengthens them to work along with project objectives. The follow up and monitoring of project
activities/implementation at household and field level are the primary information sources of challenges,
problems and scopes of the project, the capitalization of formal monitoring report or monitoring findings are
reported in the trimester reports to NARDF, also share with other stakes such as DLSO/LSC/LSSC (Achham),
local partner NGO etc. The findings of the project will be prioritized to disseminate approaching the relevant
workshops and meetings in order to share contextual issues, challenges, scopes, innovations and impact of the
project to the national public agriculture policy makers and planners (MoAC), among NARC cattle
researchers, other NGOs working in the sector and region.
Targeted Outputs:
The targeted outputs of the project are given below 1. Present status of Achhami cattle in Achham district is understood. By end of first year of the project
period, the local importance and population status of Achhami cattle understood by the project
beneficiaries.
2. In situ conservation of Achhami cattle initiated at Achham district with intervention of husbandry
practices established. By end of project period, at least 30% increment in the productivity in
Achhami cattle achieved and at least 100 Achhami cattle conserved and improved utilization at the
project area.
3. Sensitization and awareness level on importance, utilization, improvement and conservation of
Achhami cattle increased. By the end of project period, 80% of total beneficiaries sensitized on
importance, utilization, improvement and conservation of Achhami cattle.
4. Ex situ conservation of Achhami cattle initiated. By the end of project period, at least 500 doses of
frozen semen of Acchami cattle would have been stored and the genetic diversity is studied.
5. Project outcome disseminated. By the end of project period, booklets/ pamphlets, posters and
brochures developed and distributed to the local schools, VDC offices, local NGOs/GOs working in
the sector.
Activities
Inception orientation meeting for project
team
District Project Inception Workshop
(Magalsen, DLSO and other stakes)
Baseline survey, questionnaire
development, survey orientation/pre test
and conduction of survey.
264
Progress
status
Completed
Completed
Completed
Remarks
Inception workshop is carried out in
ABD/NARC (Khumaltar, Lalitpur) and in
DLSO (Mangalsen, Achham).
Inception workshop is carried out in DLSO
(Mangalsen, Achham).
Questionnaires set finalized and printed.
Orientation and filed survey completed.
Household baseline survey is carried out in
Mastamandu, Baijanath, Ghughurkot, and
Jalpadevi VDCs of Achham district. Key
Population census of Achhami cattle in
Achham district
Ongoing
Establishment of in situ conservation of
Achhami cattle initiated at Achham district
with intervention of husbandry practices
Ongoing
Four Achhami cattle farmers group
identification, formation and project
supports
Initiation of ex situ conservation of
Achhami cattle
Formation and supporting District level
Achhami Cattle Promotion Committee
Ongoing
Ongoing
informants from DLSO, LSC and local
NGOs are carried out in Mangalsen and
Sanfebagar.
Rapid assessment on population census is
ongoing in Achham district
Orientation to the field assessors ,
development and printing of census format
are completed
Initiation of in situ conservation of Achhami
cattle in Mastamandu, Baijanath,
Ghughurkot, and Jalpadevi VDCs of Achham
district.
Four Achhami cattle farmers groups and their
members are identified and formed. Ongoing
group strengthening and project supports
Ongoing ex situ conservation
Yet to
implement
The project also intends to study on the impacts of improved inputs application in Achhami cattle farming,
with control and non control groups. The improved inputs application refer to the feeding of commercial
(concentrate) feeds @ 300 gm/day/cattle under the condition that both groups get Achhami cattle farming
(cattle nutrition, fodder and forage production, cattle diseases, health and hygiene, barn sanitations etc)
orientation/trainings, routine veterinary checkup, de-worming and vaccinations services, improved barn and
cattle sanitation practices, and also engaged in fodder and forage production for feeding Achhami cattle
purposes under the supports of this project. The input distribution is just geared by de-worming activities
only, and the remaining activities of first trimester and the scheduled for second trimesters are under progress.
With the limitation on outsourced budget, the activities of first trimester are suffered from untimely
implementation.
265
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
Food security program in the mid western mountains of Nepal
through promotion of underutilized crops of buckwheat and naked
barley in Patmara and Tatopani VDCs of Jumla district
PP No. 812/2010/11)
Dr. MN Paudel
Outreach Research Division< Khumaltar, NARC
1-5540817
[email protected]
ARS, Jumal , ADO, Jumal and BEE-GROUP) Jumla
Start Date:
Fiscal End
End date: Fiscal Year– Ashoj 30,
year–
Kartik
1, Date:
2071/72 (2013/2014)
2068/69 (2011/2012)
NRs. 29, 90, 650. 00
Jumla (Tato pPani and Patmara VDCs)
Project Summary
There is a rife of food shortage in mid western hills of Nepal and Jumla is one of the food deficit districts of
the country. Despite the fact that Nepal is an agricultural country and contributes largest share to GDP (33%)
to the national economy, however food shortage is looming large and other developmental activities of the
government are superseded due to shortage of foods in general and mid western hills in particular. Given
these scenarios, there is a need to address this issue in regional and household food security basis. Hence,
food security program in the mid western mountains of Nepal through promotion of underutilized crops of
buckwheat, naked barley and foxtail millet in Patmara and Tatopani VDCs of Jumla district was proposed to
address the issue of food deficit in local and household level as a pilot project in Jumla district. The successful
findings of this project could be delineated in other similar domains of the Jumla and western mid hills of
Nepal could help mitigate problem of food shortage in these parts of the country as well.
Background
Government of Nepal is air lifting food from urban areas to these regions to mitigate the problem which is, in
long run, making people dependent on outsourcing food. Aside from this, biodiversity losses due to
outsourcing of food are becoming one the causes of environmental degradation in these regions. As a result,
indigenous food commodities such as buckwheat, naked barley, and millets (finger millet, poroso millet, foxtail millet, sorghum, amaranthus) and many useful crop commodities have been eroding due to rice
importation and change in food habits of the people. If food importation is continued, the habitat loss of
indigenous crops will be very severe. Nepal during 70’s was a food surplus country due to massive cultivation
of such indigenous crops, but as of now she has turned into a food importing country for ever. Biodiversity
losses could not be recuperated in the near future if some measure to conserve native crops in domains where
they are still available abundantly is not brought into practice. This technology could be delineated in
domains similar to the project sites to mitigate food shortage so that in the long run these food deficit regions
would be food surplus ones and migration of rural youth in search of jobs will be ceased.
The overall purpose of the project is to make food sufficiency in regional and local level in food deficit
regions of mid western hills of Nepal, however the specific purpose of the projects are as follows:
• To conserve, promote and use locally available underutilized food crops such as naked barley, buck
wheat, and millets (foxtail, finger millet and poroso millet) in food insecure regions
• To show the nutritional importance of locally available food crops by comparing them with imported
rice and other fortified foods
266
•
To popularize locally available food crops in their native domains as means to mitigate adverse
impact of climate change and global warming
• To provide local employment and increase income generating activities of the rural poor by growing
local food crops thereby reducing drudgery of women
• To provide scientific training about improved cultivation, maintenance, and seed production of
locally available crops for sustainable development of these food commodities
• To make aware of locally available food crops thereby reducing dependency on food import from
outside especially the rice
• To create awareness by print and electronic media about locally available food crops in the food
deficit region so that bio-diversity maintenance and environment conservation is maintained
• To share ideas about importance of these crops with CBOs, I/NGO and farmers’ group about the
importance of these crops in household and regional food security and
• To delineate successful technologies of making food self sufficiency in agro-ecological domains
similar to the project locations across mid and far western region by promoting underutilized crops
Beneficiaries
In Tatopani VDC, of the total population of 5790, population of Dalit is 36.8% second highest after Haku VDC
where Dalit are 38% whereas in Patmara VDC out of total population of 3026, the percentage of Dalit is 0.3% of
the population. In these VDCs about 57% population do not have food sufficiency round the year whereas about
40% population has not food sufficient for less than three months in a year (District profile of Jumla, 2066).
Therefore, beneficiaries of the project will be Dalit, poor, women, and different ethnic groups who do not have
sufficient food for less than three months a year. This group of people is mostly dependent on off-farm activities
such as collection fire wood from the jungle and sold it to the nearby market, collection of medicinal herbs such
as Yarcha Gumba, Kutki, Panch aunle or other natural resources or migrate to India or other countries in search
of jobs and work in the land lords’ house as a farm labour. All of such incomes generating activities are mostly
meant for buying foods for the family.
Outputs level objectively verifiable indicators as indicated in the log frame are as follows:
• By 2014 some alternate varieties (at least one of each crop) each of naked barley, buckwheat and foxtail millet developed
• By 2014 improved crop husbandry practices on naked barley, buckwheat and fox-tail millet
cultivation developed
• By 2013 at least four community groups on seed production of these underutilized crops developed
along with market linkage for sustainability of seed market in the area.
• At least 300 farmers and 4 CBOs have been provided training (at least 1 training for each crop) about
improved cultivation practices and seed multiplication program of underutilized crops in the project
site by 2014.
Up-scaling Pathways
Once successful land races of indigenous and underutilized crops are identified and outcome of the project will
be shared among stakeholders in the stakeholders’ workshop. Different means of technology dissemination as
uptake pathways will be used to disseminate the technology among the clients (farmers’ group, cooperatives,
CBOs, extensionists, agrovets, and seed entrepreneurs). Successful messages will be broadcast from the local
radios, leaflets, pamphlets and providing in built training programs of stakeholders concerned. District
Agriculture Development Offices (DADO) and outreach research program under Agriculture Research Stations
will be linked with seed multiplication program of indigenous and underutilized crops in place similar to the
project of testing sites as extension messages to sustain food security in the food deficit regions. Agrovets and
seed dealers will also be linked to upscale underutilized crops in food deficit regions. This will be followed by
local development programs of District Development Committee. These institutions in the district will be
engaged to provide training to the clientele. Training will be provided by the subject matter specialists of DADO
and ARS so that village level seed self sufficiency programs could be launched in a joint efforts of CBOs and
267
government institutions to implement food self sufficiency program in the district. A workshop comprising of all
stakeholders (farmers, CBOs, technicians, extensionists, medias i.e. print and electronics, will share the outcome
of project in the third year in the stakeholders’ workshop will be organized to share and disseminate project
outputs.
Above all, uptake pathway of the project outputs will be implemented in a participatory and holistic approach
involving all the stakeholders (farmers, extensionists, scientists, CBOs, cooperatives, agrovets, seed dealers,
women’s group, government and non government agencies) along with the farmers’ group functioning in the
VDcs. Thus, project outcome will be massively disseminated by the institution concerned to sustain food
security in mid western hills of Nepal.
Targeted Outputs
1. Benchmark study of the project site
A bench mark study will be done in the project to describe the site by formulation of questionnaires (structured,
semi structured and open ended). It will be a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) technique comprised of
multidisciplinary team of experts (Socio-economists, Agronomists, Seed technologists, Plant protectionists,
extensionists and representative from CBOs and farmers’ group working in the site, and agro-entrepreneurs).
Key informant survey (KIS) will also be carried out to triangulate the information gathered from primary and
secondary source of information. Date will be analysed by using appropriate statistical tools. The information
collected during the site description will be compared with the date obtained after completion of the project. On
the basis of triangulations of information with respect to data collected before intervention and after completion
of project in the site.
2. Germplasm collection and evaluation
Germplasm of underutilized crops such as naked barley, buckwheat, fox-tail millet, poroso-millet and other
indigenous crops will be collected from the project site and nearby areas on the basis of local knowledge of the
people. These Germplasms will be maintained at ARS, Jumla and replicated on-farm studies involving farmers,
technicians and CBOs will be done. Participatory field experiments such as PVS (participatory variety
selection), FAT (farmers’ acceptance test) minikits, will be conducted by the farmers in the project sites in
collaboration with project staff. Field evaluations of such on-farm experiments will be done by multidisciplinary
team involving farmer co-operators and progressive farmers both on-farm and on-station evaluation of
underutilized food crops. Data will be analysed scientifically by using different tools such as frequency
distribution, percentile and other simple statistical tools (frequency, percentile, means including SPSS, F-test,
and descriptive statistics whatsoever are implacable)> The technical report will be presented in the
stakeholders’ workshop.
3. Community based seed production (CBSP) systems
On the basis of field performance of these indigenous crops in question few of the best performing genotypes in
the second year will be multiplied by community based seed production (CBSP) systems in the sites. Seeds
collected from the best performing land races will be compared with existing improved varieties of other crops
especially for nutritional status and yield performance. Date obtained from the on-farm/on-station experiments
will be scientifically evaluated and presented in the stakeholders’ workshop. Also, economic analysis such as
partial budgeting, dominance analysis and cost benefit analysis for the technology intervention on underutilized
crops will be done and presented for convenience.
4. Uptake pathway of project findings
Once successful land races of indigenous and underutilized crops are identified and outcome of the project will
be shared among stakeholders in the stakeholders’ workshop. Different means of technology dissemination as
uptake pathways will be used to disseminate the technology among the clients (farmers’ group, cooperatives,
CBOs, extensionists, agrovets, and seed entrepreneurs). Successful messages will be broadcast from the local
radios, leaflets, pamphlets and providing in built training programs of stakeholders concerned. District
Agriculture Development Offices (DADO) and outreach research program under Agriculture Research Stations
will be linked with seed multiplication program of indigenous and underutilized crops in place similar to the
268
project of testing sites as extension messages to sustain food security in the food deficit regions. Agrovets and
seed dealers will also be linked to upscale underutilized crops in food deficit regions. This will be followed by
local development programs of District Development Committee. These institutions in the district will be
engaged to provide training to the clientele. Training will be provided by the subject matter specialists of DADO
and ARS so that village level seed self sufficiency programs could be launched in a joint efforts of CBOs and
government institutions to implement food self sufficiency program in the district. A workshop comprising of all
stakeholders (farmers, CBOs, technicians, extensionists, medias i.e. print and electronics, will share the outcome
of project in the third year in the stakeholders’ workshop will be organized to share and disseminate project
outputs.
Above all, uptake pathway of the project outputs will be implemented in a participatory and holistic approach
involving all the stakeholders (farmers, extensionists, scientists, CBOs, cooperatives, agrovets, seed dealers,
women’s group, government and non government agencies) along with the farmers’ group functioning in the
VDcs. Thus, project outcome will be massively disseminated by the institution concerned to sustain food
security in mid western hills of Nepal.
Activity
No.
1.1
1.2
Progress Status
Remarks
Activity:
Conduct baseline survey and stakeholders’ workshop by
PRA technique in the project site. Baseline survey
conducted
Orientation workshop and germplasm collection from the
site and their maintenance in the ARS Jumla.
PRA survey and baseline
survey conducted
Orientation
workshop
involving
concerned
stakeholders has organized
Achievements / Findings (in case of research projects):
Twenty six naked barley germplasm collected and planted in observations for evaluation in the ARS Jumla.
Action required:
As the naked barley germplasms, buckwheat germplasms are also o be collected and planted for further
evaluation in ARS Jumla.
269
Project Title:
Project No:
Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Start Date:
Project Cost:
PROMOTION OF LOW COST AND WATER SAVING
IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENHANCING SMALL
FARMERS' PRODUCTIVITY IN BARA DISTRICT
813/2010/11
Parashu Ram adhikari
Kathmandu -10, New Baneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal
9841564804 (Cell)
[email protected]
1. District Agri. Dev. Office (DADO) ,Bara
2. Under Ground Irrigation Committee, Branch Office (UGIC/BO),
Parsa
3. Vikash Darpan, Bara
October 2011
August 2013
End Date:
NRs 2232613.00 (NRs 1998631.00 NARDF contribution)
Central Development Region
Kabahi Jabdi, Madhuri Jabdi, Babuwain and Bariyarpur VDCs of Bara
District
Project Summary
Terai is heart of national agricultural production. Bara is one of the crucial districts in agriculture. In the
proposed VDCs, more than 90 percent of total populations rely primarily on agriculture to sustain their
livelihoods but with uncertain rainfall for irrigation, resulted in decreased productivity. Modern irrigation
technologies are increasingly seen as a means of addressing the water needs and have shown to have positive
effects on yield, incomes, and food security. The development objective of the project is to introduce and
promote low cost irrigation technologies to small farmers for diversified production and enhanced agricultural
productivity. The proposed low-cost systems include easy drip technology, micro sprinklers, treadle pumps,
and construction/rehabilitation of conservation ponds. The project will be implemented inclusively on
participation, collaboration and gender equality and social inclusion basis. Smooth and wise operation of the
project will achieve improving agricultural productivity and farmers’ income as well as enhanced livelihood
conditions of the beneficiaries.
Background
Nepal is agricultural dominant country where agriculture supports about 33 percent of GDP of the country.
Bara district is considered as heart of the agricultural production where more than 90 percent of total
populations rely primarily on agriculture to sustain their livelihoods. Despite the role of agriculture in national
economy, irrigation facilities are almost lacking and rural farmers are restricted to depend on rainfall for
irrigating their land. It is obvious that monsoon starts later due to climate change that has resulted in
decreased agricultural productivity. The farmers of the proposed VDCs have been facing severe draught since
last five years. Effects of the draught are obvious on agricultural productivity and therefore, the household
income level. Lack of proper and affordable irrigation systems for the small farmers has not only been
creating gradual loss of the agricultural productivity but also decreasing on-farm employment for local youth
resulting in their increased outside migration. Population is rapidly growing with no any increment in land
270
mass. The available land can not hold the population pressure and maintain family income level of farmers
without diversification of agricultural crops with credible production growth.
Non-conventional (modern) irrigation technologies are increasingly seen as a means of addressing the
growing competition for scarce water resources. Appropriate low-cost irrigation systems have shown to have
positive effects on yield, incomes, and food security. Lack of awareness on the modern low cost irrigation
technologies, socio-economic variables including food pattern and behaviours and prevailing poverty are the
major factors hindering development and growth of low cost modern technologies in the proposed area. With
the right support, these systems can help poor farmers improve productivity and ultimately their incomes.
The overall goal of the project is to enhance livelihood status of small farmers through increased agricultural
productivity and household income. Specific objectives of the project are to:
1. To increase the income and empowerment of the poor, women, disadvantaged and Dalit group
members through low cost and water saving technologies.
2. To increase the production by introducing and promoting of high value crops and vegetables.
Beneficiaries
Total 240 small farmers who have less tan 10 katha of agriculture land, particularly traditionally excluded
groups including Dalits; indigenous people like Tharu, religious minorities like Muslims, and woman headed
family will be primary and foremost beneficiaries of the project. In addition, replication of best practices in
neighboring communities will increase the number of indirect beneficiaries. We assured that 360 households
can get indirect benefit from this project.
•
•
•
•
•
These following records can support for the verification of output
Group record, register and DADO record.
Baseline survey report
Trimester and final project report
Fund collected among beneficiaries and deposited in bank account
High value crop and vegetables cultivated at local level
Up-scaling Pathways
By the end of the project, 240 HHs farmers were direct benefited and more than double numbers of other
farmers were benefited indirectly by the horizontal impact of the program both in production, marketing and
value addition of the produced commodities. Below mentioned figure 2 will clearly state the possible pathway
for up scaling project outputs by the intended beneficiaries. This is itself an up-scaling type project which
primarily focuses on empowering the small farmers in modern agriculture. It is obvious that increased access
to irrigation facilities results in increased agricultural production and less amount of labor required ultimately
increasing farmers’ income level. Increase of income level increases farmers interest and encourage them to
271
access loan for cultivation in additional land. In order to irrigate the additional land, farmers need the
irrigation facilities that they upscale or uptake the technologies by the project. The demonstration and
neighboring effect will also contribute to scaling up of the technology. Fig. 1.
Require increased number of Irrigation
technology
Cultivation on additional land
Increased Farmers Interest
Increased access to loan
Increased Income
Increased agricultural production
Less labor required, money saved
Increased access to irrigation facility
240 HHs
Figure 1: Potential pathway for up taking the technology by the beneficies
These activities are completed within the proposed period
1. Inception workshop (1)
2. Group formation (10)
3. Site identification (130)
4. Video documentary preparation (on going)
5. Treadle pump connected with electric motor (12)
6. Manually operated Treadle pump (40)
7. Drip irrigation set (4)
8. Sprinkle irrigation set (12)
9. Pond rehabilitation (2)
272
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Training on high value crops and vegetable ( on the Spot) -(1)
Agricultural inputs (Seeds, sprayers, crates) distribution (1)
Vegetable production technology(folder) -(1)
Fund rising meeting (Monthly) -(10)
Monitoring and evaluation (2)
Targeted Outputs:
SN
1.
1.1
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.
4.1
4.2
6.1
7.
7.1
7.2
Programs/Activities
Initial status of irrigation facilities within project area
Baseline survey
Project implementation
Inception workshop
Group formation
Site identification
Video documentary preparation
Installation of irrigation system
Treadle pump connected with electric motor
Manually operated Treadle pump
Drip irrigation set
Sprinkle irrigation set
Pond rehabilitation
Training for farmers
Training on high value crops and vegetable ( on the Spot)
Training on repair and maintenance of irrigation related instruments and
machineries ( on the Spot)
Agricultural inputs (Seeds, sprayers, crates) distribution
Workshop
Workshop on vegetable trade promotion with marketing agents
Information, education and communication (IEC) materials production
and distribution
Vegetable production technology(folder)
Group strengthening and sustainable program
Farmer’s group registration
Fund rising meeting (Monthly)
8.
9.
10.
Monitoring and evaluation
Impact study
Trimester and final report preparation
4.3
5.
5.1
6.
Unit
Numbers
No.
1
No.
No.
No.
No.
1
10
130
1
Sets
No.
No.
No.
No.
12
100
4
12
2
Times
Times
2
1
Times
3
Times
1
Times
1
No.
No./
month
Trimester
No.
Trimester
10
1
1
1
1
273
Activities
Progress status
1. Baseline survey (1)
Complete
2. Inception workshop (1)
Complete
3. Group formation (10)
Complete
4.Site identification (130)
Identified
5. Video documentary preparation (on going)
On going
6. Treadle pump connected with electric motor (12)
Complete
7.Manually operated Treadle pump (40)
Complete
8.Drip irrigation set (4)
Complete
9.Sprinkle irrigation set (12)
Complete
10.Pond rehabilitation (2)
Complete
11.Training on high value crops and vegetable ( on the Spot) -1)
Complete
12.Agricultural inputs (Seeds, sprayers, crates) distribution (1)
Complete
13.Vegetable production technology(folder) -(1)
Complete
14. Fund rising meeting (Monthly) -(10)
Complete
15.Monitoring and evaluation (2)
Complete
Remarks
Its the development and income generating project where positive indication in production of cash and
vegetable production have increasing.
274

FOREWORD

Transcription

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