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Thursday 29 October 2009 7.30pm Barbican Hall Schumann Lieder Dorothea Röschmann soprano Angelika Kirchschlager mezzo-soprano Ian Bostridge tenor Thomas Quasthoff bass-baritone Helmut Deutsch piano Julius Drake piano Schumann Spanisches Liederspiel, Op. 74 Minnespiel, Op. 101 Jim Rakete/DG Interval Spanische Liebeslieder, Op. 138 tonight’s programme Robert Schumann (1810–56) Spanisches Liederspiel, Op. 74 (1849) Spanische Liebeslieder, Op. 138 (1849) Poems translated from the original Spanish by Emanuel von Geibel Poems translated from the original Spanish by Emanuel von Geibel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Vorspiel piano, four hands 2 Tief im Herzen trag’ ich Pein soprano 3 O wie lieblich ist das Mädchen tenor 4 Bedeckt mich mit Blumen soprano, mezzo-soprano 5 Flutenreicher Ebro baritone 6 Intermezzo – Nationaltanz piano, four hands 7 Weh, wie zornig ist das Mädchen tenor 8 Hoch, hoch sind die Berge mezzo-soprano 9 Blaue Augen hat das Mädchen tenor, baritone 10 Dunkler Lichtglanz, blinder Blick soprano, Erste Begegnung soprano, mezzo-soprano Intermezzo tenor, baritone Liebesgram soprano, mezzo-soprano In der Nacht soprano, tenor Es ist verraten soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, baritone Melancholie soprano Geständnis tenor Botschaft soprano, mezzo-soprano Ich bin geliebt soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, baritone Minnespiel, Op. 101 (1849) Lieder, Duets and Quartets after lyrics by Friedrich Rückert 1 2 3 4 5 Meine Töne still und heiter tenor Liebster, deine Worte stehlen soprano Ich bin dein Baum mezzo-soprano, baritone Mein schöner Stern! tenor Schön ist das Fest des Lenzes soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, baritone 6 O Freund, mein Schirm, mein Schutz! mezzo-soprano 7 Die tausend Grüsse, die wir senden soprano, tenor 8 So wahr die Sonne scheinet soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, baritone 2 mezzo-soprano, tenor, baritone programme note The reinvention of song Robert Schumann’s approach to Lieder Something old, and something entirely new. By the time Schumann approached the Liederspiel – literally, a songgame – it was something of an old-fashioned form. The practise of creating little domestic narrative dramas in song for the home entertainment of the amateur bourgeoisie had begun as early as the days of Reichardt and Zelter, Schubert’s most prolific song-writing predecessors. And Wilhelm Müller’s verse for Schubert’s own song-cycle Die schone Müllerin was born of this tradition. Schumann, though, was to give the Liederspiel a new twist. After the political upheavals of 1848–9, and with the work of the revolutionary Wagner beginning to turn the musical world upside-down, Schumann must have felt the need to find a new way forward of his own – and one which would work within his own far more private and intimate modes of expression. Schumann brought a new sense of both drama and democracy to the Liederspiel, using several voices as though in an operatic cast, giving each one an equal part to play, and, in the case of the Spanische Liebeslieder, including an extra pair of hands at the piano too. The focus shifted, for the first time, away from the solo star performer to a shared, collaborative act of music-making inspired, significantly, by folk music. The Romantic cult of ‘world music’ had long been gathering momentum. Herder and Schlegel had, in their writings, been championing the idea of a new international folk poetry, or Universalpoesie, which would join writers in an imaginative artistic utopia. And the popularity of armchair travelling, visiting the poetry of the British Isles, Persia, India, Italy and Spain in musical settings, was already evident in the work of Haydn, Beethoven and in Schumann’s own 1840 collection, Myrthen. What is more, published accounts of pioneering travel (as in Goethe’s Italian Journey), and literary daydreaming of faery lands forlorn, also nourished the concept of existential exile, of alienation and spiritual isolation. Indeed, ferne (‘distant’) and Fremde (‘exile’) are two of the most commonly found words in Lieder. They are as resonant in Schumann’s Liederkreis, Op. 39, and in his Heine setting, ‘Abends am Strand’ (Op. 45 No. 3) as in the lone figures within the landscapes of Caspar David Friedrich, their turned backs looking out to distant horizons. Schumann’s imagination was nourished as a child by the cornucopia of travellers’ tales to be found within his father’s bookshop. In a Germany already seduced by Schiller’s Don Carlos, Tieck’s translation of Don Quixote and Goethe’s theatrical productions of Calderon, the Schumann publishing house was at the forefront of commissioning translations of foreign literature, including pocket editions of Calderon and Cervantes. In 1843, a small volume of Spanish verse was published, translated by Emanuel von Geibel, whose own poetry Robert Schumann had already admired and set. Schumann and Geibel met four times in Dresden during the year 1846, and it’s likely that Geibel gave the composer a copy of his Volkslieder und Romanzen der Spanier, with its eminently settable translations of poets such as Gil Vicente, Luís de Camões and Cristóbal de Castillejo. 3 programme note This collection was to be the forerunner of the great Spanisches Liederbuch in which Geibel collaborated with Paul Heyse, and which was later to prove such a potent source of inspiration for the songs of Hugo Wolf. Schumann began work on his Op. 74 Spanisches Liederspiel in March 1849, at a time when he was pouring out music for his male-voice and mixed-voice choirs in Dresden – and it was a work particularly close to his heart. The first song evokes, obliquely and enticingly, a ‘First encounter’ in the rose-bushes, as soprano and mezzo, scarcely pausing for breath, join the piano’s shifting major–minor harmonies, as voices and fingers evoke a sense of delicious danger. A tender duet for tenor and baritone leads to another soprano and mezzo song, ‘Liebesgram’ (Castillejo), characterised by a mesmerically recurring phrase, ‘Wirst ruhig sein’: the mood of the song is restless, yet longing for final rest from the pains of unrequited love. ‘Botschaft’, for soprano and mezzo, the longest and most complex song here, is another bolero, with dotted rhythms and pianistic trills that also seem to evoke a vignette of the two girls plaiting a garland of flowers. Finally, the quartet of voices provides a virtuoso finale in ‘Ich bin geliebt’, with male and female voices antiphonally chatting and conspiring, in the company of a Carmenesque solo character who triumphs in being loved. In between the Liederspiel and the Liebeslieder, Op. 138, which closes this evening’s concert, Schumann returned to the poetry of his native land, and specifically to that of Friedrich Rückert. The poet’s Liebesfrühling anthology was the inspiration for the eight songs of Schumann’s Op. 101 Minnespiel, written in the wake of a particularly disturbing spring. Revolution came to the streets of Dresden in May, when the Saxon King Friedrich August II refused to accept the ‘In der Nacht’ is a nocturne dark with something of the German constitution. Although the insurrection was shorttorment of Spanish Baroque religious poetry – a mood and lived, the city’s streets were littered with dead bodies. colour that perhaps nudged Schumann into a characteristic Schumann, although a staunch republican, felt moment of Bach-homage in the piano prelude and postlude. temperamentally unable to make even a token appearance Schumann’s first vocal quartet setting here, ‘Es ist verraten’, with Wagner on the barricades, and fled the city with his feels like a bolero crossed with a German waltz – until the family on 5 May. ’The desire to work’, wrote Schumann to words ‘Das sind Zeichen’, where the piano’s roulades of Liszt, ‘even though the great events of the world demand semiquavers and strong bass line give a distinct frisson of one’s attention, increases rather than diminishes.’ Within the erotic exotica. Two solos follow, one for soprano and one for first five days of June, Schumann had completed the Minnespiel. tenor: the former a solemn sarabande, the latter an impassioned moto perpetuo. 4 programme note The tenor solo, ‘Mein schöner Stern!’, at the centre of the cycle, is its masterpiece, a song that can stand, and is frequently performed, on its own. It seems to be a heartfelt invocation to Clara’s love, which sustained and lifted her husband from both outer and inner darkness. Just three days after completing the Minnespiel, Schumann confided to his diary that his 39th birthday was a day dominated by ‘die gute Clara, und meine Melancholie’. Darker days still were to come. INTERVAL There were three rejects from Schumann’s original Spanisches Liederspiel: two of them turn up in the Spanische Liebeslieder he wrote eight months later, in November 1849. Now with four hands as well as four singers, this innovative domestic delight was to be a powerful influence on Brahms when he came to write his Liebeslieder Walzer. Schumann’s garland of still more exotic blooms from Geibel’s Volkslieder und Romanzen begins with a ‘Vorspiel’ for piano duet ‘Im Bolerostempo’: the little sighing motif, seven bars in, preechoes a figure from the accompaniment to the first song, ‘Tief im Herzen’, in which the soprano seems to be dragging her voice along, world-weary and listless, with ’the spark of life hidden in the flint’ – a mood that Schumann knew all too well. ‘O wie lieblich’, the first of a pair of tenor solos, is from a Vicente cantiga, its staccato notes, offbeat accents and chattering semiquavers offering immediate light relief. Just before the third line of each stanza, the piano writing seems delightfully to prefigure in turn a hornpipe, a trotting horse and gambolling lambs. Evocative scents from the Liederspiel’s ‘Botschaft’ rise up from the soprano and mezzo duet ‘Bedeckt mich mit Blumen’, a serenade of a dance in which the vocal and piano parts intertwine with jasmine and lilies. The baritone Romanze, ‘Flutenreicher Ebro’, is a touchingly Schubertian centrepiece, with a purling accompaniment in which sound-images of plucking guitar and rippling water become fused as the undertow to a wonderfully free-flowing vocal melody. Part 2 begins with an Intermezzo, an all-purpose ‘Nationaltanz’ of indeterminate provenance. The second tenor solo, ‘Weh, wie zornig ist das Mädchen’ is a characterminiature, playfully mock-tragic in its repetitions of ‘Weh, wie!’, and its long, teasing trill – or patronisingly chauvinistic, however you care to hear it. After the mezzo’s ‘Hoch, hoch sind die Berge’, another Liederspiel reject, and the tenor/baritone duet, ‘Blaue Augen’, a quartet once again provides the grand finale, juxtaposing the joy and pain, laughter and lamentation of love. As voice contrapuntally entangles with voice to salute Love itself, textures slow and fade into dream, and the sighing semiquavers of the piano rise up into thin air. Programme note © Hilary Finch 5 text and translation Spanisches Liederspiel, Op. 74 1 Erste Begegnung Von dem Rosenbusch, o Mutter, Von den Rosen komm ich; First encounter I come from the rose-bush, O mother, I come from the roses; An den Ufern jenes Wassers Sah ich Rosen stehn und Knospen; Von den Rosen komm ich. On the banks of those waters I saw roses and buds; I come from the roses. An den Ufern jenes Flusses Sah ich Rosen stehn in Blüte; Von den Rosen komm ich, On the banks of that river I saw roses in blossom; I come from the roses, Sah ich Rosen stehn in Blüte, Brach mit Seufzen mir die Rosen Von dem Rosenbusch, o Mutter, Von den Rosen komm ich. I saw roses in blossom, Sighing I picked the roses From the rose-bush, O mother; I come from the roses. Und am Rosenbusch, o Mutter, Einen Jüngling sah ich; And by the rose-bush, O mother, I saw a young man; An den Ufern jenes Wassers Einen schlanken Jüngling sah ich. Einen Jüngling sah ich. On the banks of those waters I saw a slim young man, I saw a young man. An den Ufern jenes Flusses Sucht’ nach Rosen auch der Jüngling, Viele Rosen pflückt’ er, viele Rosen, On the banks of that river The young man also looked for roses, Many roses he picked, many roses, Und mit Lächeln brach die schönste er, Gab mit Seufzen mir die Rose. Von dem Rosenbusch, o Mutter, Von den Rosen komm ich. And smiling he picked the loveliest, And sighing gave me the rose. I come from the rose-bush, O mother, I come from the roses. 2 Intermezzo Und schläfst du, mein Mädchen, Auf, öffne du mir, Denn die Stund’ ist gekommen, Da wir wandern von hier. Intermezzo Though you sleep, my girl, Rise, and let me in; For the hour has come When we must leave here. 6 text and translation Und bist ohne Sohlen, Leg’ keine dir an, Durch reissende Wasser Geht unsere Bahn. And if you are shoeless, Put no shoes on; Through torrential waters Our way shall lie. Durch die tief, tiefen Wasser Des Guadalquivir; Denn die Stund’ ist gekommen, Da wir wandern von hier. Through the deep, deep waters Of the Guadalquivir; For the hour has come When we must leave here. 3 Liebesgram Dereinst, dereinst Gedanke mein, Wirst ruhig sein. Love’s sorrow One day, one day, O my thoughts, You shall be at rest. Lässt Liebesglut Dich still nicht werden, In kühler Erden, Da schläfst du gut Und ohne Pein Wirst ruhig sein. Though love’s ardour Allows you no peace, In cool earth You shall sleep well, And without pain You shall be at rest. Was du im Leben Nicht hast gefunden, Wenn es entschwunden, Wird’s dir gegeben; Dann ohne Wunden Wirst ruhig sein. What in life You have not found, When life is vanished Shall be given you, Then without wounds You shall be at rest. 4 In der Nacht Alle gingen, Herz, zur Ruh, Alle schlafen, nur nicht du. At night All have gone to their rest, O heart, All are sleeping, all but you. Denn der hoffnungslose Kummer Scheucht von deinem Bett den Schlummer, Und dein Sinnen schweift in stummer Sorge seiner Liebe zu. For hopeless grief Frightens slumber away from your bed, And your thoughts wander in silent Sorrow to their love. Please turn page quietly 7 text and translation 5 Es ist verraten Dass ihr steht in Liebesglut, Schlaue, lässt sich leicht gewahren, Denn die Wangen offenbaren, Was geheim im Herzen ruht. It cannot be concealed That you are glowing with passion, O sly one, can easily be seen, For your cheeks reveal The secret of your heart. Stets an Seufzern sich zu weiden, Stets zu weinen, statt zu singen, Wach die Nächte hinzubringen Und den süssen Schlaf zu meiden; Das sind Zeichen jener Glut, Die dein Antlitz lässt gewahren, Und die Wangen offenbaren, Was geheim im Herzen ruht. Ever revelling in sighs, Ever weeping instead of singing, Spending wakeful nights And avoiding sweet sleep – These are the signs of that passion Your countenance reveals, And your cheeks reveal The secret of your heart. Dass ihr steht in Liebesglut, Schlaue, lässt sich leicht gewahren, Denn die Wangen offenbaren, Was geheim im Herzen ruht. That you are glowing with passion, O sly one, can easily be seen, For your cheeks reveal The secret of your heart. Liebe, Geld und Kummer halt ich Für am schwersten zu verhehlen, Denn auch bei den strengsten Seelen Drängen sie sich vor gewaltig. Jener unruhvolle Mut Lässt zu deutlich sie gewahren, Und die Wangen offenbaren, Was geheim im Herzen ruht. Love, money and grief are to me The hardest to conceal, For even with the sternest souls They force themselves to the surface. Your restless mood Betrays them too clearly, And your cheeks reveal The secret of your heart. 6 Melancholie Wann erscheint der Morgen, Wann denn, wann denn! Der mein Leben löst Aus diesen Banden? Melancholy When will the morning come, When, O when! That will free my life From these bonds? Ihr Augen, vom Leide, So trübe, so trübe! Saht nur Qual für Liebe, Saht nicht eine Freude; Saht nur Wunde auf Wunde, Schmerz auf Schmerz mir geben, You my eyes, So clouded by sorrow, Saw only torment instead of love, Saw no joy; Saw only wound on wound, Agony on agony inflicted on me, 8 text and translation Und im langen Leben Keine frohe Stunde. Wenn es endlich doch, Endlich doch, geschähe Dass ich säh’ die Stunde, Wo ich nimmer sähe! And in my long life Not a single cheerful hour. If only the hour Would finally, Finally arrive, When I could no longer see! 7 Geständnis Also lieb’ ich Euch, Geliebte, Dass mein Herz es nicht mag wagen, Irgend einen Wunsch zu tragen. Also lieb’ ich Euch! Denn wenn ich zu wünschen wagte, Hoffen würd’ ich auch zugleich, Wenn ich nicht zu hoffen zagte, Weiss ich wohl, erzürnt’ ich Euch. Darum ruf’ ich ganz alleine Nur dem Tod, dass er erscheine, Weil mein Herz es nicht mag wagen, Einen andern Wunsch zu tragen, Also lieb’ ich Euch! Confession This is how I love you, beloved: My heart does not dare To express a single wish – That is how I love you! For if I dared to wish, I would immediately hope; Were I brash in my hope, I know I would anger you. And so I summon death alone To appear, For my heart does not dare To express another wish; That is how I love you! 8 Botschaft Nelken wind’ ich und Jasmin, Und es denkt mein Herz an ihn. A message I gather carnations and jasmine, And my heart thinks of him. Nelken all’, ihr flammenroten, Die der Morgen mir beschert, Zu ihm send ich euch als Boten Jener Glut, die mich verzehrt. Und ihr weissen Blüten wert, Sanft mit Düften grüsset ihn, Sagt ihm, dass ich bleich vor Sehnen, Dass auf ihn ich harr in Tränen. All you flame-red carnations Which the morning presented me, I send you to him as messengers Of that passion which devours me. And you dear white blooms – Greet him gently with your fragrance. Tell him I am pale with longing, That I wait for him in tears. Nelken wind’ ich und Jasmin, Und es denkt mein Herz an ihn. Tausend Blumen, tauumflossen, Find ich neu im Tal erwacht; Alle sind erst heut entsprossen, I gather carnations and jasmine, And my heart thinks of him. A thousand flowers, drenched in dew, I find in the valley, newly awakened; Though all blossomed but today, Please turn page quietly 9 text and translation Aber hin ist ihre Pracht, Wenn der nächste Morgen lacht. Sprich, du duftiger Jasmin, Sprecht, ihr flammenroten Nelken: Kann so schnell auch Liebe welken? Ach, es denkt mein Herz an ihn! Their splendour will be gone When the next smiling morning dawns. Speak, O fragrant jasmine, Speak, O flame-red carnations, Can love too wither so quickly? Ah, my heart thinks of him! Nelken wind’ ich und Jasmin, Und es denkt mein Herz an ihn. I gather carnations and jasmine, And my heart thinks of him. 9 Ich bin geliebt Mögen alle bösen Zungen Immer sprechen, was beliebt; Wer mich liebt, den lieb ich wieder, Und ich weiss, ich bin geliebt. I am loved Let all the spiteful tongues Keep on saying what they please; He who loves me, I love back, And I love and am loved. Schlimme, schlimme Reden flüstern Eure Zungen schonungslos, Doch ich weiss es, sie sind lüstern Nach unschuldgem Blute blos. Nimmer soll es mich bekümmern, Schwatzt so viel es euch beliebt. Wer mich liebt, den lieb ich wieder, Und ich weiss, ich bin geliebt! Your tongues whisper relentlessly Wicked, wicked slanders; But I know, they merely thirst For innocent blood. It will never bother me, You may gossip to your heart’s content; He who loves me, I love back, And I love and am loved. Zur Verleumdung sich verstehet nur, Wem Lieb’ und Gunst gebrach, Weil’s ihm selber elend gehet Und ihn niemand minnt und mag. Darum denk’ ich, dass die Liebe, Drum sie schmähn mir Ehre giebt, Wer mich liebt, den lieb’ ich wieder, Und ich weiss, ich bin geliebt! Only those enjoy slander Who lack affection and kindness, Because they fare so wretchedly And no one loves or wants them. Therefore I think that the love They revile is to my honour; He who loves me, I love back, And I love and am loved. 10 text and translation Wenn ich wär’ aus Stein und Eisen, Möchtet ich darauf bestehn, Dass ich sollte von mir weisen Liebesgruss und Liebesflehn. Doch mein Herzlein ist nun leider Weich, wie’s Gott uns Menschen giebt, Wer mich liebt, den lieb ich wieder, Und ich weiss, ich bin geliebt. If I were made of stone and iron, You might well insist That I should reject Love’s greetings, love’s entreaties. But my little heart is, I fear, soft, As God has fashioned it for us girls; He who loves me, I love back, And I love and am loved. Minnespiel, Op. 101 1 Meine Töne, still und heiter Meine Töne, still und heiter, Zu der Liebsten steigt hinan! O dass ich auf eurer Leiter Zu ihr auf nicht steigen kann. Leget, o ihr süssen Töne, An die Brust ihr meinen Schmerz, Weil nicht will die strenge Schöne, Dass ich ihr mich leg’ ans Herz. My soft joyous singing My soft joyous singing Soars up to my love’s window! If only I could on your ladder Follow it there! O sweet songs, Lay my sorrows on her breast, Since my stern and beautiful love Will not let me rest on her heart. Die Liebste hat mit Schweigen Das Fenster aufgetan, Sich lächelnd vorzuneigen, Dass meine Blick’ es sahn, Wie mit dem wolkenlosen Blick einen Gruss sie beut, Da hat sie lauter Rosen Auf mich herab gestreut. My beloved has silently Opened her window, And leant smilingly Out for me to see her Greet me With her serene gaze, Strewing nothing but roses Onto me below. Sie lächelt mit dem Munde Und mit den Wangen auch; Da blüht die Welt zur Stunde Mir wie ein Rosenstrauch; Sie lächelt Rosen nieder, Sie lächelt über mich Und schliesst das Fenster wieder, Und lächelt still in sich. She smiles with her lips And she smiles with her cheeks; And the world blossoms at once Like a flowering rosebush; She smiles down roses on me, She smiles at me And closes the window again, And smiles secretly to herself. Please turn page quietly 11 text and translation Sie lächelt in die Kammer Mit ihrem Rosenschein; Ich aber darf, o Jammer, Darin bei ihr nicht sein; O dürft’ ich mit ihr kosen Im Kämmerchen ein Jahr! Sie hat es wohl voll Rosen Gelächelt ganz und gar. She smiles in her room With her rose-like gleam; But I, alas, may Not be with her; If only I could nestle up to her For a year in her little room! She must surely Have smiled it full of roses. 2 Liebster, deine Worte stehlen Liebster, deine Worte stehlen Aus dem Busen mir das Herz. O wie kann ich dir verhehlen Meine Wonne, meinen Schmerz! Dearest, your words are stealing Dearest, your words are stealing My heart from my breast. Ah! how can I conceal from you My rapture and my pain! Liebster, deine Töne ziehen Aus mir selber mich empor. Lass uns von der Erde fliehen Zu der selgen Geister Chor! Dearest, your voice draws me aloft From out of myself. Let us flee the earth To join the choir of blessed spirits! Liebster, deine Saiten tragen Durch die Himmel mich im Tanz, Lass um dich den Arm mich schlagen, Dass ich nicht versink’ im Glanz! Dearest, your lute strings Bear me dancing into the skies, Let me put my arm around you That I don’t faint in such radiance! Liebster, deine Lieder wanken Mir ein’ Strahlenkranz ums Haupt. O wie kann ich dir es danken, Wie du mich so reich umlaubt. Dearest, your songs twine A halo around my head. Oh! how can I thank you For such a glorious garland. 3 Ich bin dein Baum Ich bin dein Baum, o Gärtner, dessen Treue Mich hält in Liebespfleg’ und süsser Zucht, Komm, dass ich in den Schoss dir dankbar streue Die reife, dir allein gewachs’ne Frucht. I am your tree I am your tree: O gardener, whose loyalty Treats me affectionately and tenderly, Come, let me with thanks shower into your lap The ripe fruit I grew for you alone. Ich bin dein Gärtner, o du Baum der Treue! Auf and’res Glück fühl ich nicht Eifersucht, Die holden Äste find ich stets aufs Neue Geschmückt mit Frucht, wo ich gepflückt die Frucht. I am your gardener, O tree of loyalty! I am not jealous of others’ happiness: I always find your dear branches decked anew With fruit, where I once picked the fruit. 12 text and translation 4 Mein schöner Stern! Mein schöner Stern! Ich bitte dich, O lasse du Dein heitres Licht Nicht trüben durch Den Dampf in mir, Vielmehr den Dampf In mir zu Licht, Mein schöner Stern, Verklären hilf! My lovely star! My lovely star! I beg of you, O do not let Your serene radiance Be dimmed by Dark clouds in me, Rather help, My lovely star, To transfigure the dark Into light! Mein schöner Stern! Ich bitte dich, Nicht senk’ herab Zur Erde dich, Weil du mich noch Hier unten siehst, Heb’ auf vielmehr Zum Himmel mich, Mein schöner Stern, Wo du schon bist. My lovely star! I beg of you Not to descend To earth, Because you still See me down here, Rather lift me Up to heaven, My lovely star, Where you already are! 5 Schön ist das Fest des Lenzes Schön ist das Fest des Lenzes. Doch währt es nur der Tage drei! Hast du ein Lieb, bekränz es Mit Rosen, eh’ sie gehn vorbei! Fair is the festival of Spring Fair is the festival of Spring, But it only lasts for three days! If you've a sweetheart, garland Her with roses, before they fade! Hast du ein Glas, kredenz es, O Schenk, und singe mir dabei: Schön ist das Fest des Lenzes, Doch währt es nur der Tage drei! If you've a glass, offer it, O innkeeper, and sing, as you give it me: Fair is the festival of Spring, But it only lasts for three days! 6 O Freund, mein Schirm, mein Schutz! O Freund, mein Schirm, mein Schutz! O Freund, mein Schmuck, mein Putz! Mein Stolz, mein Trost, mein Trutz! O friend, my shelter, my protection! O friend, my shelter, my protection! O friend, my jewel, my ornament! My pride, my comfort, my courage! Please turn page quietly 13 text and translation Mein Bollwerk, o mein Schild! Wo’s einen Kampf mir gilt, Flücht’ ich mich zu deinem Bild. My bastion, O my shield! When battle calls me, I take refuge with you. Wenn mich in Jammerschlucht Die Welt zu drängen sucht, Nehm’ ich zu dir die Flucht. When the world seeks to hem Me in with deep grief, I fly to you. Ob sie mir Bittres bot, Mit Bittrerem mir droht, So klag ich dir die Not. Though it offers me bitterness, Threatens me with bitterness, I cry to you my need. Du schickest ohn’ ein Wort Des Trostes mich nicht fort, Du bist und bleibst mein Hort. You do not send me away Without a word of comfort, You are and shall remain my haven. Der Erde Weh ist Scherz, Hier leg’ ich an dein Herz Mich selbst und meinen Schmerz. The earth’s woes are mere jest, Here upon your heart I lay Myself and my pain. O Welt, was du mir tust, Ich ruh, in stiller Lust An meines Freundes Brust. O world, whatever you do to me, I shall rest in silent joy On my friend’s heart. 7 Die tausend Grüsse, die wir senden Die tausend Grüsse, Die wir dir senden, Ostwind dir müsse Keinen entwenden! The thousand greetings that we send you The thousand greetings That we send you, O East Wind, you must Steal none of them! Zu dir im Schwarme Ziehn die Gedanken. Könnten die Arme Auch dich umranken! Thoughts Throng to you. Could arms Also entwine you! Du in die Lüfte Hauche dein Sehnen! Lass deine Düfte Küsse mich wähnen. Oh! breathe into the air Your longing! Let me take your fragrance For kisses. 14 text and translation Schwör’ es! Ich hör’ es: Dass du mir gut bist, Hör’ es! Ich schwör’ es: Dass du mein Blut bist. Swear! I shall hear it: That you love me, Listen! I swear it: That you are my very blood. Dein war und blieb ich, Dein bin und bleib ich, Schon vielmal sang ich’s, Noch vielmal sing ich’s: Dein war und blieb ich, Dein bin und bleib ich. I was yours and remained yours, I am yours and remain yours; Many times I’ve sung it, Still many times I’ll sing it: I was yours and remained yours, I am yours and remain yours. 8 So wahr die Sonne scheinet So wahr die Sonne scheinet, So wahr die Wolke weinet, So wahr die Flamme sprüht, So wahr der Frühling blüht, So wahr hab ich empfunden, Wie ich dich halt umwunden; Du liebst mich, wie ich dich, Dich lieb ich wie du mich. Truly as the sun shines Truly as the sun shines, Truly as the cloud weeps, Truly as the flame flashes, Truly as Spring blossoms, As truly did I feel Holding you in my embrace: You love me, as I love you, I love you, as you love me. Die Sonne mag verscheinen, Die Wolke nicht mehr weinen, Die Flamme mag versprühn, Der Frühling nicht mehr blühn; Wir wollen uns umwinden, Und immer so empfinden: Du liebst mich, wie ich dich, Dich lieb ich wie du mich. The sun may cease to shine, The cloud may weep no more, The flame may flash and fade, The Spring may blossom no more! But we shall embrace And always feel: You love me, as I love you, I love you, as you love me. Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866) INTERVAL 15 text and translation Spanische Liebeslieder, Op. 138 1 Vorspiel piano, four hands Introduction 2 Tief im Herzen trag’ ich Pein Tief im Herzen trag’ ich Pein, Muss nach aussen stille sein. Deep in my heart I bear my grief Deep in my heart I bear my grief Outwardly I must be calm. Den geliebten Schmerz verhehle Tief ich vor der Welt Gesicht; Und es fühlt ihn nur die Seele, Denn der Leib verdient ihn nicht. Wie der Funke, frei und licht, Sich verbirgt im Kieselstein, Trag’ ich innen tief die Pein. I conceal this sweet agony Far from the world’s gaze; It is felt only by my soul, For the body does not deserve it. As sparks, free and bright, Lie hidden in flint, So I bear my grief deep within. 3 O wie lieblich ist das Mädchen O wie lieblich ist das Mädchen, Wie so schön und voll Anmut. Oh, how lovely is the girl Oh, how lovely is the girl, How beautiful and full of grace. Sag’ mir an, du wackrer Seemann, Der du lebst auf deinem Schiffe, Ob das Schiff und seine Segel, Ob die Sterne wohl so schön sind! Tell me, gallant sailor, You who live on board your ship, If the ship and her sails, If the stars are so beautiful! Sag’ mir an, du stolzer Ritter, Der du gehst im blanken Harnisch, Ob das Ross und ob die Rüstung, Ob die Schlachten wohl so schön sind! Tell me, proud knight, Clad in shining armour, If your horse and your arms, If your battles are so beautiful! Sag’ mir an, du Hirtenknabe, Der du deine Herde weidest, Ob die Lämmer, ob die Matten, Ob die Berge wohl so schön sind! Tell me, shepherd, You who tend your flock, If lambs and pastures, If mountains are so beautiful! 4 Bedeckt mich mit Blumen Bedeckt mich mit Blumen, Ich sterbe vor Liebe. Cover me with flowers Cover me with flowers, I die for love. 16 text and translation Dass die Luft mit leisem Wehen Nicht den süssen Duft mir entführe! Bedeckt mich! Lest the soft breezes Rob me of their sweet scent, Cover me! Von Jasmin und weissen Lilien Sollt ihr hier mein Grab bereiten. Ich sterbe. With jasmine and white lilies You shall here prepare my grave, I am dying. Und befragt ihr mich: Woran? Sag’ ich: Unter süssen Qualen Der Liebe. And if you ask me: Of what? I’ll say: From sweet torments Of love. 5 Flutenreicher Ebro Flutenreicher Ebro, Blühendes Ufer, All’ ihr grünen Matten, Schatten des Waldes, Fraget die Geliebte, Die unter euch ruhet, Ob in ihrem Glücke Sie meiner gedenket. Surging River Ebro Surging River Ebro, Blossoming banks, All you green pastures And forest shadows – Ask my beloved Who dwells among you If in her happiness She thinks of me. Und ihr tauigen Perlen, Die ihr im Frührot Den grünenden Rasen Bunt mit Farben schmückt, Fraget die Geliebte, Wenn sie Kühlung atmet, Ob in ihrem Glücke Sie meiner gedenket. And you dewy pearls, Who in the rosy dawn Adorn the green grass With many bright colours – Ask my beloved, When she breathes the cool air, If in her happiness She thinks of me. Ihr laubigen Pappeln, Schimmernde Pfade, Wo leichten Fusses, Mein Mädchen wandelt, Wenn sie euch begegnet, Fragt sie, fragt sie, Ob in ihrem Glücke Sie meiner gedenket. You leafy poplars, Shimmering paths, Where with light tread My girl roams – When she meets you, Ask her, ask her If in her happiness She thinks of me. Please turn page quietly 17 text and translation Ihr schwärmenden Vögel, Die den Sonnenaufgang Singend ihr begrüsset Mit Flötenstimmen, Fraget die Geliebte, Dieses Ufers Blume, Ob in ihrem Glücke Sie meiner gedenket. You swarming birds, Who greet the sunrise With flute-like Songs – Ask my beloved, The flower of this shore, If in her happiness She thinks of me. 6 Intermezzo – Nationaltanz piano, four hands Intermezzo – National dance 7 Weh, wie zornig ist das Mädchen Weh, wie zornig ist das Mädchen, Weh, wie zornig, weh, weh! Alas, how angry the girl is Alas, how angry the girl is, Alas, how angry, alas! Im Gebirge geht das Mädchen Ihrer Herde hinterher, Ist so schön wie die Blumen, Ist so zornig wie das Meer. In the mountains The girl follows her herd – She’s as fair as the flowers, As angry as the sea. Weh, wie zornig ist das Mädchen, Weh, wie zornig, weh, weh! Alas, how angry the girl is, Alas, how angry, alas! 8 Hoch, hoch sind die Berge Hoch, hoch sind die Berge, Und steil ist ihr Pfad; Die Brunnen sprüh’n Wasser Und rieseln ins Kraut. The mountains are high The mountains are high, Its paths are sheer; The fountains spray water Which flows into the undergrowth. O Mutter, o Mutter, Lieb’ Mütterlein du, Dort, dort in die Berge Mit den Gipfeln so stolz, Da ging eines Morgens Mein süssester Freund. Wohl rief ich zurück ihn Mit Zeichen und Wort, Wohl winkt’ ich mit allen Fünf Fingern zurück, O mother, O mother, O dearest mother; Up into those mountains With their proud peaks My sweetest friend Departed one morning. I called him back With signs and words, I waved him back With every finger of my hand – 18 text and translation Wohl rief ich zurück ihn Mit Zeichen und Wort! I called him back With signs and words! 9 Blaue Augen hat das Mädchen Blaue Augen hat das Mädchen, Wer verliebte sich nicht drein! The girl has blue eyes The girl has blue eyes, Who would not fall in love with them! Sind so reizend zum Entzücken, Dass sie jedes Herz bestricken, Wissen doch so stolz zu blicken, Dass sie schaffen eitel Pein. They charm so much that they delight And captivate each heart, For they can gaze with such pride That they wantonly cause pain. Machen Ruh’ und Wohlbefinden, Sinnen und Erinn’rung schwinden, Wissen stets zu überwinden Mit dem spielend süssen Schein. They cause peace and happiness, Thoughts and memories to disappear, And always know how to triumph With their sweet and faithful glow. Keiner, der geschaut ihr Prangen, Ist noch ihrem Netz entgangen, Alle Welt begehrt zu hangen Tag und Nacht an ihrem Schein. None who has known their splendour Has never escaped their thrall, Everyone desires to hang Night and day upon their glow. Blaue Augen hat das Mädchen Wer verliebte sich nicht drein! The girl has blue eyes, Who would not fall in love with them! 10 Dunkler Lichtglanz, blinder Blick Dunkler Lichtglanz, blinder Blick, Totes Leben, Lust voll Plage, Glück erfüllt von Missgeschick, Trübes Lachen, frohe Klage, Süsse Galle, holde Pein, Fried’ und Krieg in einem Herzen, Das kannst, Liebe, du nur sein, Mit der Lust erkauft durch Schmerzen. Dark light, blind gaze Dark light, blind gaze, Dead life, joy and pain, Fortune full of misfortune, Dull laughter, happy lament, Sweet bitterness, blessed pain, Peace and war in a single heart – Only you, Love, can be all that, With happiness paid for with pain. With thanks to Hyperion Records for German texts Translations © Richard Stokes 19 about the performers About tonight’s performers Born in Flensburg, Germany, Dorothea Röschmann made a critically acclaimed debut at the 1995 Salzburg Festival as Susanna (The Marriage of Figaro) with Nikolaus Harnoncourt and has since returned to there many times with conductors including Claudio Abbado, Daniel Harding, Sir Charles Mackerras and Christoph von Dohnányi. Mozart roles have also taken her to the Metropolitan Opera, New York (Susanna, Pamina, Ilia, Donna Elvira), the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden (Pamina, Fiordiligi, Countess Almaviva), and the Vienna State Opera (Susanna). She has sung Zerlina, Susanna, Ännchen, Drusilla, Almirena, Marzelline, Anne Trulove and Rodelinda at the Bavarian State Opera, Munich, and is also closely 20 Her appearances this season include the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra with Harnoncourt and Barenboim, the Vienna Symphony Orchestra with Georges Prêtre, the Orchestra Filarmonica della Scala with Pinchas Steinberg, the Rotterdam Philharmonic with Yannick Nézet-Séguin and the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra with Daniel Harding. Her many recital appearances include Antwerp, Lisbon, Madrid, Cologne, Brussels, New York, London, Vienna, the Amsterdam Concertgebouw and the Edinburgh, Munich and Schwarzenberg festivals. Future engagements include a return to the Salzburg Festival, the Opéra de Paris and the Vienna State Opera. Nikolaus Karlinsky Dorothea Röschmann soprano Dorothea Röschmann’s recordings include The Marriage of Figaro with Harnoncourt, The Magic Flute with Abbado, and Falstaff and Suor Angelica with Antonio Pappano, Brahms’s Requiem with Rattle (winner of a Grammy and a Gramophone Award), Mahler’s Fourth Symphony with Harding and a disc of Schumann songs with Ian Bostridge and Graham Johnson. associated with the Deutsche Staatsoper, Berlin, where, in addition to several Mozart roles and the roles of Eva, Elsa and Micaëla with Daniel Barenboim, she has appeared as Ännchen with Zubin Mehta, Nannetta with Claudio Abbado, and Elmira in Keiser’s Croesus and in the title-role in Alessandro Scarlatti’s Griselda, both with René Jacobs. She has also appeared as Norina at La Monnaie, Brussels, and as Pamina at the Bastille, Paris. Angelika Kirchschlager mezzo-soprano Born in Salzburg, Angelika Kirchschlager studied at the Mozarteum and at the Vienna Music Academy where her teachers included Professor Gerhard Kahry and Walter Berry. about the performers Angelika Kirchschlager’s concert highlights this season include recitals throughout Europe and North America with Helmut Deutsch, Graham Johnson and Roger Vignoles, the current Schumann tour to Paris, Vienna, London and Hamburg, a solo recital at Alice Tully Hall in New York, plus two duo recitals at the Wigmore Hall, with Dame Felicity Lott and Simon Keenlyside. She has a wide-ranging discography, and her recordings have received many awards, including a Grammy. Her latest releases include a disc of Hugo Wolf Lieder with Helmut Deutsch, a CD of operetta arias and duets, My Heart Alone, with Simon Keenlyside, and Handel arias with the Basle Chamber Orchestra and Laurence Cummings. Her operatic appearances this season include Weill’s Seven Deadly Sins and the Mahagonny Songs at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées , Metropolitan Opera (Hänsel), Bavarian State Opera (Prince Orlofsky, Octavian and Clairon) and at the Vienna State Opera (Octavian and Clairon). In 2007 Angelika Kirchschlager was made a Kammersängerin of the Vienna State Opera by the Austrian Government. She is a professor at the Mozarteum in Salzburg. Shiela Rock She enjoys an international career as one of the leading vocal artists of today, dividing her time between recitals and opera in Europe, North America and the Far East. She is acclaimed as one of the foremost interpreters of the operas of Richard Strauss and Mozart. For the Vienna State Opera her roles have included Dorabella, Octavian and Clairon (Capriccio). For the Royal Opera House her roles have included Mélisande (Pelléas et Mélisande), Sophie (Nicholas Maw’s Sophie’s Choice), Hänsel (Hänsel und Gretel) and Octavian. Ian Bostridge tenor Ian Bostridge was a post-doctoral fellow in history at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, before embarking on a full-time career as a singer. His recital appearances include the world’s major concert halls and the Salzburg, Edinburgh, Munich, Vienna, Aldeburgh and Schubertiade festivals. In 1999 he premiered a song-cycle written for him by Hans Werner Henze. In 2003/4 he held artistic residencies at the Vienna Konzerthaus and the Schubertiade Schwarzenberg; in 2004/5 he shared a Carte-Blanche series with Thomas Quasthoff at the Amsterdam Concertgebouw; in 2005/6 he had his own ‘Perspectives’ series at Carnegie Hall and in 2008 a residency at the Barbican. He made his operatic debut in 1994 as Lysander in Britten’s A Midsummer 21 about the performers Ian Bostridge regularly works with leading orchestras including the Berlin, London, Los Angeles, New York, Rotterdam and Vienna Philharmonic orchestras, the BBC, Boston, Chicago and London Symphony orchestras and the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, and such conductors as Daniel Barenboim, Sir Andrew Davis, Sir Colin Davis, Daniel Harding, James Levine, Riccardo Muti, Seiji Ozawa, 22 Antonio Pappano, Sir Simon Rattle and Donald Runnicles. His discography, which has won a Grammy and several Gramophone Awards, ranges from Bach to Noel Coward, including Lieder by Schubert, Schumann, Wolf and Henze, vocal works by Thomas Adès, Britten and Janáček, operas by Mozart, Britten and Stravinsky and Bach cantatas. He was awarded a CBE in 2004. such renowned conductors as Claudio Abbado, Daniel Barenboim, Bernard Haitink, Mariss Jansons, Kurt Masur, Seiji Ozawa, Sir Simon Rattle, Helmuth Rilling, Christian Thielemann and Franz Welser-Möst. Thomas Quasthoff’s debut in 1995 at the Oregon Bach Festival laid the basis for his highly successful career in the USA, since which time he has returned many times. He made his recital debut at Carnegie Hall, singing Winterreise, in 1999. Thomas Quasthoff made his operatic debut in 2003, as Don Fernando (Fidelio) under Sir Simon Rattle at the Salzburg Easter Festival. This was followed by his debut at the Vienna Staatsoper in the role of Amfortas (Parsifal) under Donald Runnicles, a role he reprised under Rattle in 2005. Jim Rakete/DG Night’s Dream with Opera Australia at the Edinburgh Festival. In 1996 he made his debut for English National Opera as Tamino, returning for Jupiter in Semele. In 1997 he sang Quint in Britten’s The Turn of the Screw for the Royal Opera, Covent Garden, and has since returned for Caliban in Thomas Adès’s The Tempest, Don Ottavio in Don Giovanni and Vašek in The Bartered Bride. He sang Janáček’s Diary of One who Disappeared in a new translation by Seamus Heaney, staged in London, Paris, Munich, Amsterdam and New York. Most recently he sang Don Ottavio for the Vienna State Opera and Aschenbach in Death in Venice for English National Opera, also seen at La Monnaie, Brussels, and in Luxembourg. He will sing Aschenbach in his debut for La Scala, Milan. Thomas Quasthoff bass-baritone The German bass-baritone Thomas Quasthoff is acclaimed as one of the most remarkable singers of his generation. A frequent guest of both the Berlin and the Vienna Philharmonic orchestras, he appears regularly with the world’s leading ensembles under This season includes residencies in Baden-Baden, Hamburg and here at the Barbican. Highlights include Haydn’s The Seasons under Sir Simon Rattle, Bach’s St Matthew Passion with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Elgar’s The Dream of Gerontius with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, Kindertotenlieder with the Staatskapelle Dresden and Brahms’s Vier Ernste Gesänge under Simone about the performers Young in Hamburg. He will also give a jazz tour (which will be recorded) and appear widely as a recitalist. Thomas Quasthoff’s discography ranges from Bach to jazz and includes Lieder by Brahms, Liszt, Mahler and Schubert, German opera arias and a CD for children. His most recent disc is of Bach cantatas with Dorothea Röschmann and the Berlin Baroque Soloists. Among his many accolades are Grammy and Gramophone awards and ECHO prizes. From 1996, he was a professor in the vocal department of the Music Academy in Detmold, before accepting a new position at the Hanns Eisler Music University in Berlin in 2004. Earlier this year, his new Lieder Competition was launched in Berlin. In 2005 Thomas Quasthoff received the Order of Merit from the President of the German Republic. The following year he was awarded the European Culture Price for Music at the Dresden Frauenkirche and earlier this year he received the Royal Philharmonic Society’s Gold Medal. Thomas Moser, Christiane Oelze, Christoph Pregardien, Thomas Quasthoff, Andreas Schmidt, Bo Skovhus, Rita Streich, Michael Volle, Bernd Weikl and Ruth Ziesak, among many others. Helmut Deutsch was also the regular partner of Hermann Prey for 12 years. Helmut Deutsch piano Helmut Deutsch studied piano, composition and musicology in his home city of Vienna and was awarded the Vienna Composition Prize. From the time he was a student, he specialised in chamber music and Lied accompaniment, and has since played for many world-renowned instrumentalists, involving himself in all forms of chamber music. He is a frequent guest at major music centres and festivals throughout the world and appears on many prizewinning recordings. From 1967 to 1979 he taught at the Vienna University of Music. Currently he is a professor at the Hochschule für Musik in Munich and regularly gives masterclasses in Europe and Japan. His career as a Lied accompanist was launched when he performed with the legendary soprano Irmgard Seefried, and he has since played for such renowned singers as Juliane Banse, Olaf Bär, Barbara Bonney, Grace Bumbry, Ileana Cotrubas, Diana Damrau, Brigitte Fassbaender, Matthias Goerne, Dietrich Henschel, Jonas Kaufmann, Angelika Kirchschlager, Genia Kühmeier, 23 about the performers and the Liceu in Barcelona, the Musikverein and Konzerthaus in Vienna; and London’s Wigmore Hall and at the BBC Proms. Marco Borggreve He was director of Perth International Chamber Music Festival in Australia (2000–03), and is artistic director of Leeds Lieder 2009 and the Machynlleth Festival in Wales (2009–11). Julius Drake piano The pianist Julius Drake specialises in chamber music, working with many of the world’s leading artists, both in recital and on disc. He appears at all the major music centres: in recent seasons he has given concerts at the Aldeburgh, Edinburgh, Munich, Schubertiade and Salzburg festivals; at Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center, New York, the Amsterdam Concertgebouw, Cologne Philharmonie, the Châtelet and Musée du Louvre in Paris, La Scala, Milan, Julius Drake has devised song series for the Wigmore Hall, the BBC and the Concertgebouw, and Middle Temple Hall in London, and he regularly collaborates with artists such as Thomas Allen, Olaf Bär, Ian Bostridge, Angelika Kirchschlager, Sergei Leiferkus, Dame Felicity Lott, Katarina Karneus, Christopher Maltman, Mark Padmore, Christoph Pregardien, Amanda Roocroft and Willard White. As well as performing at international chamber music festivals, he also has Programme produced by Harriet Smith; printed by Sharp Print Limited; advertising by Cabbell (tel. 020 8971 8450) Please make sure that all digital watch alarms and mobile phones are switched off during the performance. In accordance with the requirements of the licensing authority, sitting or standing in any gangway is not permitted. Smoking is not permitted anywhere on the Barbican premises. No eating or drinking is allowed in the auditorium. No cameras, tape recorders or any other recording equipment may be taken into the hall. 24 an instrumental duo with oboist Nicholas Daniel. His many recordings include Sibelius and Grieg songs with Katarina Karneus, French oboe sonatas with Nicholas Daniel, Spanish songs with Joyce DiDonato, Mahler and Tchaikovsky songs with Christianne Stotijn and Schumann Lieder with Alice Coote. He has made an awardwinning series of recordings with Ian Bostridge and his CDs with Gerald Finley have won two Gramophone awards. Highlights this season include a 50th birthday concert hosted for Julius Drake at the Wigmore Hall, recitals with Gerald Finley, Bejun Mehta and Alice Coote, a tour of Wolf’s Spanisches Liederbuch with Ian Bostridge and Angelika Kirchschlager, as well as the current Schumann tour, plus a recording of Liszt songs with Matthew Polenzani. Barbican Centre Silk Street, London EC2Y 8DS Administration 020 7638 4141 Box Office 020 7638 8891 Great Performers Last-Minute Concert Information Hotline 0845 120 7505 www.barbican.org.uk