Mexico Net Zero Design Charrette

Transcription

Mexico Net Zero
Design Charrette
February 18-20, 2010
Club de Industriales, Mexico City
Index
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................1
Methodology .......................................................................................................................................1
Agenda ................................................................................................................................................1
Session 1 questions .............................................................................................................................3
Energy modeling session .....................................................................................................................3
No technical questions ........................................................................................................................4
What is a “Charrette” workshop? .......................................................................................................4
Advantages of Charrette’s workshops ................................................................................................5
Strategies for the “Charrette” .............................................................................................................5
Mexico’s Housing Industry: New Strategies, Cristina Sánchez, CONAVI.............................................6
National Program for Energy Sustainable Use, 2009-2012, Marco Antonio Nieto, CONUEE .............7
What is Net Zero and its relevance in housing, Odón de Buen, ENTE ................................................8
Zero Energy Houses in Acapulco, Alberto Nieves, Corporación GEO..................................................9
Mexicali’s Net Zero Energy Houses, Fernando Mayagoitia, Urbi ......................................................11
GEO Breakout session considerations...............................................................................................12
Building envelope ..............................................................................................................................12
Energy systems ..................................................................................................................................12
Fine tuning.........................................................................................................................................13
URBI Breakout session considerations ..............................................................................................14
Building envelope ..............................................................................................................................14
Energy systems ..................................................................................................................................14
February, 2010
Fine tuning.........................................................................................................................................15
Ideas discussed & discarded .............................................................................................................16
Marketing conclutions ......................................................................................................................17
Final comments and closing of the Charrette, Amanda Kramer, Environment Canada ...................18
The team ...........................................................................................................................................19
February, 2010
Introduction
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) (Mexico Chapter), Environment
Canada and Asociación de Empresas para el Ahorro de Energía en la Edificación, A.C, (AEAEE),
organized the Charrette Workshop: Net Zero Energy Housing (Taller de Diseño: Vivienda Cero Neto
Energía), on February 18, 19 and 20, 2010 at Club de Industriales, in Mexico City, to elaborate and
develop housing projects on Net Zero Energy Housing models with two of the main stakeholders in
Mexico: GEO and URBI. During the workshop, a multi disciplinary team from each company
worked together to develop designs and procedures under the NZEH model.
Methodology:
Two multi disciplinary teams were formed by 50 people to determinate the NZE in GEO and URBI
housing projects in Acapulco and Mexicali, respectively.
Agenda:
Thursday, February 18th:
18:30 – 19:00
Registration
19:00 – 20:00
Introduction and welcome:
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20:00 – 20:30
David Morillón: Engineering Institute, UNAM
Jorge Wolpert, CONUEE
Amanda Kramer: Environment Canada
What’s a “Charrette” and its use for the workshop.
Cocktail
Friday, February 19
8:00 - 8:30
Registration and coffee
8:30 - 8:40
Welcome and introduction to the Charrette process, Janne Hicklin, Hicklin
Consulting
8:45 – 9:00
Mexico’s Housing Industry: New Strategies. Cristina Sánchez, CONAVI
9:00 – 9:15
Introduction to the National Program for Energy Sustainable Use, 2009-2012.
Marco Antonio Nieto, CONUEE
9:00 – 9:15
What’s Net Zero and its relevance in housing. Odón de Buen, ENTE
9:15 - 9:30
Zero Energy Houses in Acapulco. Alberto Nieves, GEO
9:30 – 9:45
Mexicali’s Net Zero Energy House. Fernando Mayagoitia, URBI.
February, 2010
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9:45 -10:45
First working session. 4 working groups gathered to develop two projects (2
groups per project) with the collaboration of 4 specialized facilitators.
GOAL: To concentrate in the envelopes basic aspects, to identify what’s
necessary to reduce energy consumption. At least, each group made a design
proposal having in mind:
 Structural elements.
 Architectural elements for shading and day lighting in interiors.
 Thermal insulation levels.
 Vain orientation and thermal mass.
10:45 - 11:00
Break
11:00 - 12:00
Teams to show their design proposals (in no more than 15 minutes per team)
12:00 – 12:10
General comments
12:10 – 12:15
First session briefing: List of key envelope elements to incorporate them in the
next steps and a second list of points and answers that were taken up later in
time, when received additional information from other sessions.
12:15 – 1:15
Lunch
1:15 – 1:30
Second working session opening
1:30 - 2:30
During the second working session, 4 groups were formed to work in the two
projects (2 groups per project) with the assistance of facilitators.
2:30 - 2:45
GOAL: To focus on mechanical and energy systems, and identify what’s
necessary to satisfy first proposal energy needs. At least, each group proposed
strategies to:
 Heating
 Cooling systems
 Ventilation and air movement
 Electrical system
 Water supply
 Hot water
Break
2:45 - 3:45
Presentation of each group’s energy consuming systems (15 minutes, each one)
3:45 - 5:00
General discussion:
 How to reduce the number of options to choose those with more
potential. Make a detailed analysis and provide information to carry
out modeling.
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5:00
End of First day’s activities
Saturday, February 19th, 2010
8:00 – 9:00
Breakfast
9:00-11:00
Third session: 3 different groups were formed: 2 with engineers and architects and
the third one with the rest of the group.
GOAL: To discuss and review the modeling results from the day before from the
point of view of the architectural design, the engineering and its marketing
potential.
11:00 – 11:30 Brunch
11:00- 13:00
Final presentations of the two projects.
Presentations to the group: A list of design elements for GEO and URBI’s projects
were presented to the audience. Also, further research was assigned using the
results from this Charrette.
Conclusions and next steps
During this Charrette facilitators requested to participants to answer:
Session 1 questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How can we take advantage of the building’s orientation?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of various exposures?
What are the benefits of adding thermal mass to the building?
What building materials can be used to increase energy efficiency?
How can natural ventilation be promoted, improve lighting and reduce heat gain?
1. Does the house need heat? If yes, seasonal or at night.
2. How can plugload be reduced? What are the basic electrical needs in the house? Consider
energy efficiency in sizing and design.
3. Can water be cooled/heated using passive energy or renewable energy?
4. What domestic water needs can be met by collecting rain water?
Energy modeling session:
What happens if:
1. Size is reduced
2. Size is bigger
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Shape change
Orientation
Windows are removed
Seal house
Shape of roof
Airflow improved
Trees or vines?
Technical questions:
1. How the indoors work as a space living?
2. Is it comfortable and simple for residents?
No technical questions:
1. How permits can be gotten for unusual housing aspects? (Referring to construction materials,
energy renewable (connection to the grid). Make a list of topics to answer.
2. How can unusual aspects for buyers be promoted? (Rainwater and its use).
3. What are the marketing opportunities?
4. Is it possible to create an environmental plan as part of the “zero energy” concept in the
housing, to consider materials reusing and recycling?
5. What are the financing options to impulse the project? (Green mortgages, cogeneration
electricity contracts, identify other actors and potential partners, etc).
What is a "Charrette" workshop?
It’s a design workshop, which accelerates ideas development, promotes collaboration between
experts and elaboration of a solution to a design problem. The use of this method has been tested
and modified for projects of various types.
The structure of a Charrette is variable, depending on the design problem and the number of
participants. Usually, the workshop is conducted in multiple sessions. After an initial meeting in
groups, with short and informative presentations, the workshop is divided into working groups (up
to ten participants per group) where alternative designs or scenarios for a specific part of the
project a period of one hour are produced.
The results of the working groups are presented in a plenary session after the first session. The
session will synthesize the best aspects of the proposals and form a synthesis of design that is
evaluated on aspects of economic feasibility, design and approval. The working groups and plenary
sessions are repeated until it is reviewed as many of the design factors.
In a "Charrette" the talents and energy of participants are exploited to generate and support a
feasible plan that meets the needs and goals of a given project. These types of workshops are
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useful to reach a solution quickly and design while integrating the aptitudes and interests of a
diverse group of people.
Workshops such as "Charrette" might be used by planners, designers, architects, developers and
community leaders to develop:
 Energy efficiency buildings and sites
 Integrated regional planning
 Master plans
 Transportation and Infrastructure Planning
 Policies and Codes
 Urban development.
Advantages of Charrete’s workshops
In comparison with conventional planning processes that lead numerous boards and years to
accomplish, a Charrette saves time and money by:
 Reducing design review through short cycles of feedback
 Workshops are limited to a certain time.
A workshop Charrette also increases the chances of implementation through:
 An integrated design process in teams
 The early forecast of technical, socio-cultural and regulatory project
 The inclusion of responsible decision making in a short period.
A workshop type "Charrette" produce better sustainable results through:
 Integration of different perspectives in the design
 Sessions focused and seamless design
 Base principles that guide the design
Strategies for the “Charrette”
The strategies listed below are crucial to the success of a Charrette:
 Work collaboratively
 Design considering various functions and disciplines
 Make efficient and short work sessions
 Make short feedback cycles
 Focusing on both the details and the general plan
 Develop a workable plan
 Design to achieve a shared goal and achieving solutions
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Mexico’s Housing Industry: New Strategies
María Cristina González (CONAVI)
María Cristina González, Director of Standards, Construction and Technology,
from the National Housing Institute, spoke about the government strategies to
fight the negative effects of the housing growth in Mexico during the last years:
high land costs; new dwelling units far from urban centers with high
infrastructure costs; high usage of energy, water and GHG emissions. On the
other hand, the housing sector has become an economic motor creating new
jobs and growth.
Some solutions are: 1. New urban planning and housing strategies to facilitate access to urban
centers and services through the use of compatible land uses, the consolidation of a network of
main roads and the creation of environmental units (having in mind the 3 sustainability
dimensions: environment, economic and social). 2. Play a key role, a regulatory framework to
stimulate research and technology; outreach and training programs; and financial solutions.
To reach these goals, National Housing Institute (CONAVI) developed the criteria for sustainable
housing developments, we view integrally the development’s location, efficient use of water and
energy, selection of building materials, maintenance and operation, and proper waste handling. If
homes meet these requirements, they may be candidates to get a federal subsidy under the
program “Esta es tu casa”.
In addition, to help to reach the Mexico’s Special Program for
Climate Change (PECC) goals, CONAVI published a Specific
Program for Sustainable Housing Development for Climate
Change with the next actions: 1) Reduce GHG with the use of ecotechnologies in 800 thousand new housings; 2) Establishes new
energy sustainability policy and actions in the housing sector; 3)
Promote the development and use of new buildings systems,
materials and technologies for energy efficiency and minimize
environmental impact, and 4) Register this program under the
Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, that allows
new projects to produce “certified emission reductions” (or
carbon credits).
Conclusions: It’s necessary to establish sustainable energy goals in new housing policies; set the
basis for NZE homes; quantify emission reductions; improve living standards. It is, also, very
important, to define a strategy including the three government levels for the use of PV; adopt new
technologies at competitive prices; sign working agreements with SENER (Energy Secretariat) and
the power company (CFE) to have access the electrical grid; but above all, to transform the mind
of the stakeholders to build new houses with energy efficient materials and appliances.
February, 2010
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National Program for Energy Sustainable Use, 2009-2012
Marco Antonio Nieto (CONUEE)
Conuee’s (National Commission for Energy Efficiency) National Program for
Energy Sustainable Use, 2009-2012, is one of the Government’s planning
instruments on Energy Efficiency in Mexico. It was published on November 27 th,
2009 as a result of the PECC (Mexico’s Special Program for Climate Change), and
includes a series of goals, strategies, lines of action and targets for the
sustainable use of energy for the period 2009-2012.
This program is oriented to the end user of energy: during the last 10 years, and
according to tendencies, energy consumption is not expected to change, (projections are made up
to 2030) regardless of its overall growth rate: Transportation and industry are the main users of
energy, with approximately 80% of final energy consumption. Next sectors are the residential,
commercial and service sectors; at the end of the list is the agricultural sector. If we considering
only the housing sector, the main energy use is electricity, followed by LPG and LNG gas. An
abatement costs curve was constructed under the McKinsey methodology for initial planning of
the National Program for Energy Sustainable Use. Although it follows the same procedures than
the original one, results were not the same. International available best practices and technologies
were also considered in the planning process with the intention to reach energy efficiency in
buildings.
In the Program there are 26 action lines
according to the energy abatement curve
costs: transportation (5), lighting (5), home
appliances (6), co-generation (1), buildings
–in cooperation with CONAVI, INFONAVIT
and AEAEE (5), industrial motors (2), and
water pumps (2). Considerations were
made under a “business as usual” scenario.
Projections for 2030 consider savings up to
4,000 TWh in all areas of opportunity. To
reach this goal it is necessary to have a
medium and long term plan, although these actions should be implemented right away.
Implementation of technology in housing could represent important savings only if are analyzed as
a system and not only as a technology. In the Program there are mechanisms considered to
coordinate the 3 government levels with the private sector. To public sector, local construction
codes should be updated and implemented at the local level; specialists in energy efficiency must
be trained. The National Program for Energy Sustainable Use, 2009-20102, can be consulted in the
Federation Official Gazette and at the CONUEE website. This Program represents a strategic
instrument in energetic planning, coordinated by Energy Secretariat (SENER).
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What is Net Zero and its relevance in housing
Odón de Buen (ENTE)
In this conference the importance of the “Zero Energy Buildings” was
discussed. First, it is important to have in mind some issues already mentioned
by CONUEE and CONAVI. In Mexico we build close to a million new homes per
year. Second, from the perspective of a hypothesis, making new housing will
induce its residents to have unmet energy needs: Currently, half of the houses
in Mexico, according to records, are located in warm climates. Most growth
occurs in warm climate regions. If too many people live in small houses the
need to buy an air conditioning system increases, and that’s why the unmet
demand will grow. When national data is reviewed, according to tendencies,
the energy consumption will grow if the actual trend is followed, especially in air conditioning
systems (no accurate data available). Because of the new CONUEE’s codes, refrigerators and
saving lamps tend to reduce electric consumption, but A/C use forces to increase electric
consumption, an essential issue in Zero Energy Buildings.
Oil is a problem not considered by the Federal Government in energy efficiency. In Mexico the oil
is an important source of income (not from taxes) that is used in a big proportion to finance
government expenditures. Oil reserves are falling fast: 75% of the electricity used in AC comes
from the burning of fossil fuels. In addition, it contributes to climate change. There’s $110,000
MXP subside per year, and approximately 50% goes to subsidize A/C in housing with no thermal
insulation (this will have the consequence of higher levels of electricity use). Mexico has a strong
need to reduce this consumption, more so if the oil reserves are decreasing, and also to reduce
GHG emissions.
The zero-energy house has several possible definitions or descriptions: 1. No use of energy; 2 No
demand “outside” energy, (it means, a house is self-sufficient and saves energy and the heat
required can be gotten from a solar heater or electricity through a PV system); 3. The other
definition has to do with the carbon footprint, i.e. that has zero carbon emissions, by definition,
“Zero electricity house” is a “Zero Carbon house”. The idea is that there may be a house with
energy saving that covers energy needs with a renewable system and buy the rest of the energy
under the concept of “green energy” to the power company. This situation does not exist in
Mexico. Seeking for a zero-energy house comes together with energy efficiency, which is achieved
through a series of steps: 1. Avoid the sun where not needed, (orientation and design are
important); 2. The use of adequate construction materials in accordance to local environmental
conditions to reduce the heat flow into the house. 3. Refrigerator, air conditioner, washing
machine, and television are appliances with high energy consumption that cannot be easily
controlled in their consumption.
A final example, the average electricity consumption of a house in Mexicali is 5,300 kWh per year;
on the other hand, in Mexico City the average consumption is 1,800 kWh. The difference between
these 2 figures is given only by the use of air conditioning. With the analysis of these figures, we
can conclude that a PV system is needed on the roof of the houses, or a combination with wind
systems to electricity generation in some communities.
February, 2010
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Zero Energy Houses in Acapulco,
Alberto Nieves (GEO)
GEO Corporation has developed and sold in the last 36 years more than 350
thousand homes, equipped with urban infrastructure, roads, drinking water,
drainage, electrification, schools, parks, sporting areas, health centers, shops,
all these to provide its customers with a human and esthetic product.
GEO is currently present in 16 states in Mexico, in 33 cities and 53
municipalities, and in all these municipalities there are different climates and
different building codes. The company is involved in all design aspects,
development, construction, and marketing of the houses, and as a result over 7,000 direct jobs are
generated with approximately other 30,000 temporary jobs per year.
On sustainability GEO is participating in federal
programs for sustainable housing: “Esta es tu casa”
(CONAVI) and Green Mortgage (Infonavit). On 2009,
7,000 homes were equipped especially for green
mortgages. As an AEAEE member, GEO will continue
working to incorporate important aspects in low-cost
housing, such as energy and water savings. For 2010
GEO’s policy will be for all housing developments to be
sustainable. For this reason, GEO will use this workshop
to build model houses in Mexico that will become near net zero.
Within each development GEO will focus its efforts on designing guidelines to promote social,
environments and energy sustainability: We will promote social interaction; identity and character
developments; while providing greater security and health facilities. We will also provide basic
services such as: efficient transportation, urban design and bioclimatic architecture, thermal and
sound comfort.
GEO has internally developed the “Urban Image Manual” and the “Guide
for Design Bioclimatic Housing” as a basis for the construction of 58,000
homes in 2010 in 50 housing developments.
In the low-cost housing the energy efficiency and sustainability are very
important issues and GEO’s mission so far is to get federal government
support, and also from the municipal and state authorities, to achieve this
important goal. Without their support, this project couldn’t be done.
Our first project “Villas Tulipanes” will be located in Acapulco, Mexico. Acapulco’s weather is
always warm and remains constant throughout the year and that’s why A/C is more often used for
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comfort inside homes, schools, shops, etc. We could be reduce its use and become the main
opportunity to save energy. The warm climate is predominantly sub-humid with some variations.
The average annual temperature is 28 º C and minimum of 22 º C. Rainfall varies from 1,500 to
2,000 mm.
This housing project involves to 3,410 houses, which will be constructed in 2 stages: In the first
stage 2,190 houses will be constructed, and in the second stage 1,220 houses. In the show room
the changes and improvements as a result of this workshop will be shown. Houses are 73 m2
distributed in 2 levels. The construction system is: concrete foundation slabs, hollow block walls
and concrete slab roof and mezzanine are based on concrete beams and EPS blocks which
incorporate a cover design to prevent thermal bridging of the joists to comply with thermal
insulation existing rules. Waterproof terracotta is applied on the roof. The dining room, kitchen
and a multipurpose area are located on the ground floor room; upstairs there are 2 bedrooms
with bathroom.
A special software developed by UNAM, was used for thermal modeling. One year data gather
from the meteorological station in Acapulco was used for the modeling. According to this
information: outside average temperature is 32 ºC; on the top floor (the bedroom) the
temperature reached is 33.5 ºC; in the bath temperature reached is 35.5 ºC, the average
temperature in the upper floor was 35 ºC. On the ground floor the temperature is lower: in the
play room temperature is 32 ºC, in the kitchen 34.5 ºC and in the living room the average
temperature of is 33 ºC.
Energy efficiency can be achieved with the strategies proposed in the selected houses, by
integrating a number of measures: the preferred orientation, solar incidence control, natural
lighting and ventilation, the use of endemic vegetation to generate microclimates.
Walls are thermally insulated with EPS boards. Electrical energy issues are met, according to the
framework of green mortgages and subsidies with the use of compact fluorescent lamps, efficient
appliances, 5-liter toilet flush toilet, water solar heaters and energy efficient A/C. For this NZE
project, we must take into account the structural aspects of household, electric appliances and
space needs to locate additional equipment, which would require an update.
To put into practice the conclusions of this workshop, GEO would like to convert 10 homes at Villas
Tulipanes project.
After defining the PV system to reach the Zero Energy goal, permits will be processed with CFE
(the power company) for the interconnection to the grid (since 2007, regulations allows the use PV
systems in housings interconnected to the grid with the use of a bi-directional meter that records
the energy delivered to the grid, and the energy consumed by the house with no solar incidence).
Fares are set by CFE, according to KW/h generated in housing and delivered to the grid).
February, 2010
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Mexicali’s Net Zero Energy Houses,
Fernando Mayagoitia (URBI)
URBI is present in Mexico since 1981 and has developed more than 400,000
housings in 17 cities all-over the country.
The project is presented by Ricardo Pinochita (housing design), Joaquín Velez
(urban development project), Rigoberto Sánchez (energy design), Héctor
Medina (construction system) and Martha Fernandez (Neighborhood
Association).
Mexicali was the chosen city for 5 reasons:
1. Its Weather
2. Electricity rates (1F type) with a special subside from May 15th to September 15th given by
the 3 levels of government. Although the subsidies, the cost of electricity represents
between 50 and 60% of a family income in Mexicali.
3. The city has made several major efforts to contribute to energy saving under FIPATERM
and FIDE programs.
4. 2 years ago, in collaboration with EnerCan, 5 homes were equipped with PV systems; it
was not possible to achieve the Net Zero, but it was a breakthrough in Net Zero buildings.
5. The social impact of the project represents to Mexicali families important savings.
The project will have 100 homes built within an area of 5 hectares. The design of the project is in
an east-west direction.
The housing is middle-high income population, because energy demand is much higher than the
rest of the URBI’s dwellings. URBI’s 40% are social interest.
Hacienda Santorini was conceived under URBI’s concept “Community Master Plan”. It consists of
an access, a playground, fenced in community type, and community social programs.
The construction system: reinforced concrete foundation with welded steel mesh walls are made
from hollow block, mezzanine and deck joist base and roof and a 2 cm. top concrete layer, 2 inches
EPS board for roofs and walls and a final finish. The total time construction is 6 months.
The energy design: The house will be energy efficient with the photovoltaic system with an
installed capacity of 6.8 KW/h. The results are tested from a year ago.
February, 2010
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GEO BREAKOUT SESSION CONSIDERATIONS
Breakout Session #1: Building Envelope
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Face house toward the south east
Consider location in the neighbourhood
Identify solar trajectory, note windows that get
morning sun, late day sun, effect on centre houses in
the row (25%)
Use umbrella sun shades – pergolas, blind shades
Use a sloped roof with overhang for shade (good for
solar, maintain part for patio)
Add 4” of insulation in roof
Green roof
Add insulation to walls (externally) - 2” will reduce heat gain by 50% (could be polystyrene
board, polyisocyanurate, extruded polystyrene)
Fill holes in the concrete blocks with foam insulation
Use EIFS (Exterior Insulation and Finishing System) on the exterior
Foam the seams
Redesign windows and doors with openings for air-flow
Front and back windows – orient toward dominant wind direction to allow good air flow
Size windows for best light
Double glazed windows (plus Low-e or film for windows with sun exposure) with plastic frame
Use reflective material on outside
Use small trees for shading
Add ESP board on foundation slab (thermal and
moisture barrier)
Insulate on edge of foundation slab
Use light-coloured curved tile for shading
Add solar chimney
Plant trees to shade streets, between driveways (highfoliage, palm trees)
Plant groundcover rather than grass
Green sidewalks
The group further advised using real costs for energy modeling, protecting carbon credits and
supporting a green economy by ensuring that Mexico can measure its reduction of GHGs.
Breakout Session #2: Energy Systems
To set the stage for their discussions, the GEO group reported a national average electricity
consumption of 24 kWh per day, exclusive of air conditioning (A/C). The daily cooling energy use
for a 4 ton A/C unit (12 hrs/day) was estimated at 60 kWh, for a total of 84 kWh per day electrical
consumption.
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GEO’s initial recommended measures for reducing the non A/C load included:
 The use of CFL’s (20% reduction)
 Installing a high-efficiency refrigerators and a gas stove
 Installing solar hot water to feed a small (80 – 100 litre) tank
 Minimal uses for hot water
 Improvements in building envelope could reduce A/C to 8 hrs per day (noon 6 pm) and
size of the unit could be reduced from 4 tons to 2 tons
 With these measures, the house might achieve Net Zero with a 2 or 2.5 kW solar PV
system
 No water issues in Acapulco
 Incorporate low-flow water fixtures and a clothes line
 Use freeware from Berkeley to measure actual electrical use
GEO Team Results - Breakout Session #3: Fine Tuning
The GEO team focused mainly on sketches and drawings to fine tune their design. Commitments
to improve the energy efficiency of the house were organized into categories in a circle chart.
Orientation:
 Face to southeast, slope roof – good for solar panels plus shading
 Exterior windows, shades
 Plant trees, palm
 Thermal mass
Walls materials options?
 Foam the seams
 EIFS exterior
 Insulated façade system
 Pigment reflected values
 Thermal stucco
Basement foundation and slab:
 Add ESP board and moisture barrier
Natural ventilation
 Cruised (flow-through) ventilation
 Add solar chimneys
 Front-back window
Environment
 Trees between driveways
 Ground cover rather than grass
February, 2010
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URBI BREAKOUT SESSION CONSIDERATIONS
Breakout Session #1: Building Envelope
 Use building elements to control solar radiation
 Very hot weather requires different passive weatherization techniques
 Conduct site analysis using local weather data
 Favourable orientations: North-South; SouthEast
 Double-glazed windows on the south side
(façade), caulk doors and windows
 Use reflective film and awnings
 Deciduous, dense, bushy trees, perennial
bushes on west, shrubs on north, gardens on
south side, preferably
 Better to insulate the roof in very hot climate dropped ceilings with fibreglass
 Insulation (polystyrene) 3" on the roof, 2" on the walls
 Skylights can provide lighting in non-living spaces
 Avoid pavement and concrete in exterior roads and surfaces when possible, use
favourable materials: porous pavers and stones, permeable pavers.
 Slab flooring with 3" polystyrene (currently 2");
 Reflective paint on roof (white);
 Walls: adobe with 2" polystyrene and reflective paint, extra insulation on the south side
 Plant vegetation, or treatment on the façade to mitigate effects of unfavourable
orientation
 High cross-ventilation in humid places
 Elevate the house to provide underground ventilation
Breakout Session #2: Energy Systems
 Air conditioning (portable?) for ground floor and upper floor. One system for 2 bedrooms
 Multi-split A/C units for bedrooms, using three evaporative coolers
 Solar thermal reduces gas consumption by 60%
 Solar panels – can they act as insulation?
Placed above parking spots?
 Slant garage roofing 32° south
 Consider different orientations, what is visual
impact?
 LEDs for shared exterior and interior spaces
 Compact fluorescent and pin lights (halogen or
LED)
 Motion sensors to shut down lights when not in
use
 Intelligent system to control electric loads
when appliances are not in use
February, 2010
14
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Install a kill switch that can turn off all
appliances and “ghost” loads
Different circuits for major appliance loads
(fridge)
Separate the fridge from the stove as much as
possible (gas stove)
Add a ventilator (duct) into wall behind fridge to
cool the motor
Use of efficient appliances and light bulbs could
reduce a 10 kW demand to 7 kW, then use solar
PV to meet reduced demand.
Implement all required technology to reach net zero energy
Capture rainwater for watering the lawn and gardens, plus reduce dust sink-to-toilet water
recycling
Use rain water for toilets
Sunken “wetland” to capture
Run-off water
The URBI team emphasized the need to continue the search for subsidies, financing and grants.
Breakout Session #3: Fine Tuning
During the final breakout session, the following design elements and process were discussed and
agreed to (NOTE: Preliminary modeling session using RETScreen to incorporate ideas marked with
“” resulted in 28.7% less energy use.):
 Increase isolation (insulation): 2-4” for south side walls, 3” in roof
Use CFL’s throughout
 Efficient appliances – fridge, clothes washer
Air conditioner (multi-split for upper floor, ground floor)
 Use TRNSYS modeling software
 Windows – All Double Low-E sealed, location (east?)
 Window Shading (on all directions)
 Greywater – W/C sink (and shower?) to toilet
 LED lighting (research)
 White paint for flat roof (for the whole subdivision)
 PV on flat roof or as window shading (determine # kW
needed)
 Intelligent control system/ turn off the “vampire loads”
 Consider reduced heat gain from energy efficient
appliances
 Vent to outside for fridge and stove (to reduce heat)
 Lower ceiling in one upper floor bedroom
 Use vegetation for shading
 Exterior flooring materials
 Eco-Concrete
February, 2010
15
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Grouping buildings (research window location)
Solar thermal (hot water)
Instant hot water
Light tubes
Re-circulate cooled air (spring/fall)
Ideas discussed & discarded:
 Gravity rainwater collection (minimal rain in Mexicali)
 Heat chimney
 Underground cross-ventilation (seismic zone, buildings can’t be raised)
 Orientation (south)
 Evaporation system
February, 2010
16
MARKETING CONCLUTIONS
It is necessary to negotiate with the power company and bring
them on board, to get the electrical permits as soon as
possible.
The categories analyzed in this discussion were:
 Government
 Builders and suppliers
 End users (or customers).
The discussion were focused mainly on government and just scratched builders and customers.
In terms of government we recommend that it’s necessary to have a clear list of requirements, so
start now to determine what you need in terms of speaking different levels of government.
We need to get permits to connect homes with the power company (CFE). CONAVI and
INFONAVIT’s terms for their financial involvement. These houses must qualify for the green
mortgages and subsidies, the price of the house will be higher than the standard for the subsidy.
CONAVI and INFONAVIT should be promoters of the project.
Get the banks and financial institutions involved in the project. You have to help the bank to
understand the project and they have to change their mortgages instruments to reflect a larger
amount of money to buy a ZEH, they can payback easier because the energy bill will be close to
nothing. These are the kind of things we recommend to introduce into the project, as soon as you
can. We barely had time to discuss about the builders, obviously the builders are interested in the
cost/benefit analysis of all the things we introduce into these houses.
As to the question of how do you market this type of homes to the customer? The conclusion is:
You need to help people to understand what’s the benefit of buying a ZEH. With a proper
marketing campaign, and simple messages, the selling of a house could be easy.
There's a lot of work to be done in this area, and both companies have their marketing
departments. Don't let the architects and engineers to do marketing; get those marketing people
do the work and get them soon, because they need to be involved to understand what you are
doing, why you are doing this, what's the benefit for the customer. Also, train the sellers, do not
let somebody sell the house if they don't know the benefits of the ZEH.
Training. This is all communication. You have to bring-in all of these groups to start to educate
them. One of the ways to reach the public is through children, it sounds like propaganda, but
frankly help children to understand the benefit. They are the generation who are really going to
help us move these ideas forward. We have a lot of work for marketing, just to create another
charrette in NZEH marketing.
February, 2010
17
Final Comments and closing of the Charrette,
Amanda Kramer, Environment Canada
I think it might be usefull, and I'm going to propose it and see if you
think is a good idea: there could be a connection on-going between
Geo and Urbi just for people who are continuing to work forward in
this project, in ideas to go back and forth, it's just a suggestion. If
people assigned in teams keep in touch now to see if they've done
their homework in this and that, it might fast track, don’t you think
so?
When are you building?
As much as you can do to produce the results on either groups, the
better.
Clossing comments, I'd like to invite clossing comments as well.
Do you want to do a list? a further thing to research? Are both teams fast-track?
This is probably a pretty huge period for everyone. I hope you found it valuable. I think the results
that you have now are very different from the ones you came with, I hope the ideas you've got
from working as a team is something you are continuing to do when you go back.
It's important to see with the additional research what you come up with, what kind of results to
get that load down even further. I bet when you get the resources and more new members in your
team, you can push it down a little more. So I encourage everybody to do that, do a little bit
research to get accurate numbers, you cannot do this obviously in a day and a half, but we would
like to start discussing how to put the next steps in a chart to help you to continue to built on this
concept.
So obviously we need to estimate final numbers as much we can.
But we'll discuss that when each of the two builders become very much part of building these
houses.
We are happy of having this opportunity to come to Mexico and push a higher level of energy
efficiency, I think everybody here will be pushing to achieve it.
This is very challenging, in Canada it was also very challenging, but I think you did a fantastic job.
I hope you found it very valuable.
February, 2010
18
THE TEAM
February, 2010
19

Mexico Net Zero Design Charrette

Transcription

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