Presentation - Stadler - German Center for Research and Innovation

Transcription

Panel on “Smart Grids”
German House, New York, November 12th 2015
Prof. Dr. habil. Ingo Stadler
Seite: 1
What do Bill Murray and I have in common?
Seite: 2
Everything is smart today!
Barbeque: that was yesterday – today you apply a smart grill
Seite: 3
Yesterday: Smart Grids – Today: Smart Jennifer Aniston
Seite: 4
Smart Flying: Not flying Lufthansa when cabin crew is on strike!
Seite: 5
Smart Flying: Not flying Lufthansa when cabin crew is on strike!
Seite: 6
Why apply Smart Grids in Germany?
 Resilience towards
 Natural disasters, such as storms, earthquakes, …?
 Terrorist attacks?
 …

Transition of the energy system within pre-existing energy infrastructures …

From a fossil-nuclear to renewable basis
 … In every country, the term “smart grid” is understood in a different way!
Seite: 7
Regionale u. überregionale
Verknüpfungspunkte
KWK
Smart Energy Systems
Köln
Seite: 8
KWK der
Rheinenergie
Verknüpfungspunkte
Köln
Seite: 9
E-Auto
E-Bike
E-Dreirad
E-was-auch-immer
KWK der
Rheinenergie
Verknüpfungspunkte
Köln
Seite: 10
Wärmespeicher
E-Auto
E-Bike
E-Dreirad
E-was-auch-immer
KWK der
Rheinenergie
Verknüpfungspunkte
Köln
Wärmespeicher
E-Auto
E-Bike
E-Dreirad
E-was-auch-immer
Verknüpfung verschiedener Netzinfrastrukturen (Polynetze)
Seite: 11
KWK der
Rheinenergie
Verknüpfungspunkte
Köln
Wärmespeicher
E-Auto
E-Bike
E-Dreirad
E-was-auch-immer
Verknüpfung verschiedener Netzinfrastrukturen (Polynetze)
Seite: 12
Power-to-Gas
(my) Definition: Smart Grid
Information
Grid
Smart
Energy
Meter
Electricity
Grid
Grid

Difference between “innovations in energy technologies” and “smart grids”

Transmission grids always had been smart, here is no innovation

Other innovations e.g. within HVDC are of high importance, but not “smart”
Seite: 13
Netzentwicklungsplan

Power line loading in n-1 case [% of nominal capacity]

Overloaded Power lines in n-1 case [h/a]
Source: www.netzentwicklungsplan.de
Seite: 14
Bottlenecks, Simultaneity

Detached house’ fuse: three
phase 63 A

Why can’t all houses feed this
power also backwards to the grid?
Including electrical
heating
Low electrification degree
Including electrical cooking
Includes electrical hot
water production
Seite: 15
Simultaneity of
Photovoltaic Power
Systems is almost “1”
(in a restricted area)
Bottlenecks, Voltage Limitations
10kV
0,4kV
Feeder 1:
high load, e.g.
electrical heating
Feeder 2:
high generation
Capacity, e.g. PV
+10%
Deviations in
the medium
voltage grid
+4%
-10%
Seite: 16
Deviations at transformer
G
Deviations in
the low
voltage grid
When high to medium voltage transformer
is at 104% the ±10% is kept with:

Highly loaded string:

5 % voltage drop in the low voltage grid

3 % in the distribution system
transformer

5 % in the medium voltage grid

1 % safety reserve.

High feed-in string:

3 % voltage drop in low voltage grid
including transformer

2 % voltage drop in medium voltage
grid

1 % reserve.
Smart Grid Solution to these problems

PV inverters can inject reactive currents in order to influence voltage and keep within the ±10% limit.
I WR
RK
jXK
ZK
UN
φ
I WR
U WR
U XK
U RK
ψ
I WR
U RK
U XK
U ZK
U ZK
UWR
UN
UWR
UN
φ
I WR
I WR
Active Power Feed-in
Seite: 17
Reactive Power Feed-in
Reaction to frequency changes – old version
System behavior of generation capacity
(e.g. PV) in low voltage grids
Seite: 18
PV would be
disconnected
f [Hz]
PV power >> 3 GW
50,2
50,1
Load < generation
Load > generation
∆P
50,0
Primary Control Capacity
3 GW
49,0
Load shedding 10-15% of system load
48,7
Load shedding of further 10-15% of system load
48,4
Load shedding of further 15-20% of system load
47,5
Disconnection of all generating facilities
Seite: 19
How are people affected by smart grid solutions?

People are experienced to high reliability electricity supplies

As long this remains to be reality, people don’t notice smart grid solutions
Seite: 20
Smart Metering Services … and people get into touch with
smart grid solutions!
Source: Ubitronix

… what is the pre-requisite for additional user feedback
and provision of system services
Seite: 21
Smart Metering – Services

… with in-house communication: automated
Demand Side Management
Source: google

… with in-house communication and load
pattern recognition:

influencing production processes to optimize
load profiles
 here: injection-molding machines
Seite: 22
Source: IGUS,
Cologne
Energy Displays
techem –
assisto
Seite: 23
Energy Displays
 Frequency distribution of heat energy consumption in 29,500 refurbished apartments in
Berlin; without user feedback
Seite: 24
Source: Benecke, J.: Energiesparen durch technische Hilfsmittel: Auf die Regelkreise kommt es an! VDI Bericht1531. Nierstein. 2000
Energy Displays
 Frequency distribution of heat energy consumption in 2,800 refurbished apartments in Berlin;
with single room control and user feedback
Seite: 25
Source: Benecke, J.: Energiesparen durch technische Hilfsmittel: Auf die Regelkreise kommt es an! VDI Bericht1531. Nierstein. 2000
Pilot Projects for the Smart Future
E-Energy Model Regions
 Competition where six model projects
were declared the winners
 Funded by the Federal Ministry for the
Environment and the Ministry for
Economics
 60 million euros of funding
 Together with capital invested by the
companies 140 million euros are
mobilized
 In 2012, the model regions should be
ready for market launch and to test their
marketability in everyday applications.
Seite: 26
Conclusion

People are still not affected by smart grid solutions

Everything is still in pilot phases
Seite: 27
Seite: 28
Legislation /
Regulation
Establishment of
norms and standards
Pilot Projects
Studies / Calculations
Ideas of dreaming
researchers / Visions
Today
Conclusion, where are we now?
Time
Smart Grid, Relevant Norms and Standards
Seite: 29
Seite: 30
Seite: 31
Regulation
Regulation is not yet in place for the
establishment of smart grids
In contrary: it avoids investments in
smart grids
Seite: 32
Should I already book a flight for 2016?
Thank you for your attention
Seite: 33

Presentation - Stadler - German Center for Research and Innovation

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