100% Renewable Energy - ASPO Conference 2012

100% Renewable Energy
- more than just a vision!
Professor DI MAAS Peter Droege CMPIA!
Chair of Sustainable Spatial Development!
University of Liechtenstein!
Vaduz, Liechtenstein!
urbanscape.org!
Tokyo!
Washington!
Rome!
Vienna!
Fossil fuels supply 85% of global commercial energy!
Renewables: 12.5%. Nuclear: 2.5% of final energy !
!
(REN21 2007 Global Status Report)
Global and local transport:!
95% oil dependent!
Annual fossil air pollution related health costs in China: 60 billion USD!
Annual fossil air pollution related health costs in Europe: 90 billion Euro"
(2005/6)!
Fossil and nuclear energy reliance presents "
rising international security threats"
Burning oil fields of Abadan in 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war
!
!
New York, 11 September 2001!
Baghdad, 21 March 2003
!
Cities across OECD countries account for 75%!
of their national fossil fuel consumption levels!
Annual fossil fuel consumption has risen globally more than five-fold since 1950.!
It continues to rise today, paralleling global urbanization trends!
Beijing 1975!
Beijing 2002!
Images courtesy USGS
Las Vegas 1973!
Images courtesy USGS
Las Vegas 2000!
Images courtesy USGS
Las Vegas 2006!
Sydney 1975-2002!
Urban form is culturally articulated energy technology"
pre-fossil settlement, West Africa, 1990s - dating back to the 5000s BC!
Pre-fossil city!
central Rome of Sixtus IV and V, 15th and 16th Century!
Form follows fuel!
regional shopping mall, USA!
Fossil urbanism: universal suburbia!
Fossil City: the demand side of urban power!
Tysons Corner VA 1984!
The supply side of urban power"
Large thermal power plants waste energy - and water!
Half of US fresh water uptake used for electric power plant cooling!
Half of the electricity generated can be used for pumping, processing, transportation,
treatment and disposal in urban water and liquid waste systems
!
!
Water consumption of power plants"
Conventional coal combustion
Once-through cooling
!
Cooling towers
!
!
!
!
!l/kWh"
!1.2"
!2.6"
Oil and natural gas combustion"
Once-through cooling
!
Cooling towers
!
!
!
!1.1"
!2.6"
Nuclear reactors (light water)"
Cooling towers
!
!
!3.2!
Water pollution and waste in mining, processing, transportation"
Coal mining"
Oil production"
Petroleum refining"
Tanker accidents"
Pipeline spills"
Nuclear fuel cycle"
Fossil fuel combustion delivers 75% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions!
The rest is due to land clearing and deforestation!
Global fossil carbon emissions, 1800-1950.!
Source: Scripps, ORNL und IPCC.!
John Tyndall 1820-1893"
Lecture 1863
Global fossil carbon emissions, 1800-1950.!
Source: Scripps, ORNL und IPCC.!
John Tyndall 1820-1893"
Lecture 1863
Global fossil carbon emissions, 1800-2000.!
Source: Scripps, ORNL und IPCC.!
John Tyndall 1820-1893"
Lecture 1863
Global fossil carbon emissions, 1800-2000.!
Source: Scripps, ORNL und IPCC.!
Svante August Arrhenius!
1859-1927!
390 ppm
280 ppm
Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, 1000-2000.!
Source: Scripps, ORNL und IPCC.!
450 ppm
2 degrees C
Carbon emission reduction targets!
Quelle: Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware.!
0.7 degrees C
The risk to overshoot two degrees C!
Methane feedback: melting permafrost soils
Cutting and draining of southeast"
Asian rainforest moorlands:!
Cutting and draining of southeast"
Asian rainforest moorlands:!
•  Each year moor drainage releases 630
Millionen Tonnen CO2e into the
atmosphere!
Cutting and draining of southeast"
Asian rainforest moorlands:!
•  Each year moor drainage releases 630
Millionen Tonnen CO2e into the
atmosphere!
•  This equals the total global emissions
savings expected from the Kyoto
protocol!
250 degrees C"
350 ppm!
280 ppm!
10 years"!
planning horizon: 2020 not 2050
100 %"
renewable resources!
Net peak oil"
From 1:100 barrel ratio (1930) to 1:11 (2000): from bell to shark fin?!
Alt 2007!
Essential future energy vision for a generation"
Efficiency, sufficiency und turn to a renewable world!
global!
renewable"
potential!
10,000 times!
fossil fuel!
consumption!
Global wind power: conservative capacity 5-7 times conventional generation!
Global wind power capacity to 2008: increases!
Renewables Global Status Report, the 2008 Update, forthcoming !
Photovoltaics global capacity 1995 to 2008!
Renewables Global Status Report, the 2008 Update, forthcoming !
Activity
Nr.
Ingots/Wafers Equipment
Cells Lines
Turnkey
Cells Wet Chemistry
Modules Turnkey Lines
Modules Tabbers,
Stringers,
Laminators
Thin Films Vacuum
Deposition
Company
Current
Empl.
Location
1
Gebrüder Schmid
Freudenstadt
380
2
ALD Vacuum Technologies
Hanau
360
130
3
Herbert Arnold
Weilburg
4
CGS Crystal Growing Systems
Asslar
50
5
G&N
Erlangen
40
6
Gebrüder Schmid
Freudenstadt , Schwetzingen
430
7
Roth & Rau
Hohenstein-Ernstthal
210
8
Centrotherm Photovoltaics
Blaubeuren, Dresden
200
9
Rena
Gütenbach, Berg
450
10
Stangl Semiconductor
Eichenau, Puchheim
100
11
Lotus Systems
Gutmadingen
70
12
Ramgraber
Hofolding b. Braunthal
40
13
HMS Höllmüller
Herrenberg
40
14
M-O-T
Mainz
15
Reis Robotics
Obernburg
720
16
Gebrüder Schmid
Freudenstadt, Niedereschach
530
17
Teamtechnik
Freiberg am Neckar, Berlin
350
18
Robert Bürkle
Freudenstadt
350
41
31
17 Berlin
34 45
Germany
19 37
22 21
36 Düsseldorf
20
19
Meier Vakuumtechnik
Bocholt
170
20
Somont
Umkirch
100
21
Robust
Remscheid
50
22
SunWare
Duisburg
20
23
Solarwatt
Dresden
24
Applied Materials
Alzenau, Dresden
20
500
25
Von Ardenne Anlagentechnik
Dresden
500
26
Leybold Optics
Alzenau, Dresden
320
27
FHR Anlagenbau
Ottendorf-Okrilla
33
Leipzig 8 27
25
23 26
24 Dresden
47
7
43
4
Frankfurt
3
14 2
24
26 15
6
5
9
17 46 44
1 16
6
13 Stuttgart 28
18
12
30 40
10 Munich
20 16 35 32 8 29 38
9 11
42
39
90
PV supply chain participants (sample)!
Invest Germany 2008!
Hamburg
Öl
48%
Haushalte
29%
Gas
10%
Industrie
20%
Dienste
16%
Uran
24%
Wasser
10%
Transport
33%
nEE
1%
Switzerland: 80% energy import dependent
National renewable energy independence model (example Japan)!
Harry Lehmann et al 2004-2009
Solar
Control
Wind
Biogas
Storage
Rise of the virtual power plant:!
Industry demonstration of an operational network!
by Enercon, Schmack Bioenergy and SolarWorld, 2007 !
Intra-urban and regional decentralised power!
UK Greenpeace July 2005!
Moving to
100%: !
Regions with !
energy
autonomy
targets and
und processes "
!
Moser et al 2009
Navarre, Spain: Traditions of regional water power!
2007: wind power overtakes nuclear power in Spain!
Acciona Energia!
Bio-energy production!
Acciona Energia!
Milagro solar garden, Navarre, Spain!
Acciona Energia!
Solar pension plan!
Acciona Energia!
Samsø island and Thisted commune, Denmark!
Cities with integrated renewable / carbon neutral strategies:
Munich, Germany!
Munich Riem Messe-City: evolution of renewable life!
Bill Dunster//Peabody Trust/BioRegional Development Group!
Beddington Zero Emissions Development, 2000-2002!
Rolf Disch!
‘Sun ship’ surplus energy development!
Freiburg, Germany!
Renewable Vatican!
Germany’s renewable capital!
Pugh Scarpa Kodama!
Colorado Court affordable housing project, Santa Monica, 2002!
Busby and Associates 2003!
White Rock Operations Building, British Columbia !
Werner Sobek!
Triple Zero!
RPS 128, Stuttgart 2008!
Jühnde!
Sacramento!
Copenhagen!
SUN-AREA city-wide calculation tool for solar exposure of residential buildings!
Osnabrück: 120 km2 / 70,000 buildings!
Berlin: solar planning framework!
Ecofys for Senate of Berlin 2008!
City of Sondershausen Thuringia
Area: 11469 ha
Population: 21,302 (1,86 EW/ha)
Elevation: 208 m
Population growth: - 1.07%/a
Unemployment: 15.6 % (7/2008)
SDH
Energetic rehabiltation and autonomous projects
Renewable Wilhelmsburg
as community engagement process
Sachstand
• Entwicklung der Gesamtkonzeption und
Einzelprojekte
•  Strategieworkshop
•  Erhebung Gebäudeenergieverbrauch
•  Interreg IVB „Build with CaRe“
Planungen abgeschlossen zu 2010
•  IBA-Labor Klimafolgenmanagement
•  Kampagne "100 Energiepässe"
•  20 exzellente Sanierungsmaßnahmen
•  Erhebung der Energiequellen der Elbinsel
•  BMU-Förderkonzept: „Kommunen mit dem
Leitbild der Klimaneutralität“
Partner
•  Fachbeirat Klima & Energie
•  BSU
Thermal networks
Steigerung der
Energieeffizienz
•  900 bis 3.000 t CO2 Einsparung pro Jahr
(abhängig von der
Brennstoffwahl)
Energy bunker
Sachstand
• Energiekonzept fertig gestellt
•  Machbarkeitsstudie Nutzung + Architektur fertig gestellt
Planungen abgeschlossen
•  Planung und Beginn der Grundinstandsetzung
Partner
•  SAGA GWG
•  Bezirk Mitte, Finanzbehörde, Denkmalschutzamt, BSU
Energy bunker – heat storage for urban core thermal networks
Energieproduktion
pro Jahr
•  5.300 MWh
(Wärme)
•  490 MWh
(Strom)
•  1.300 t CO2Einsparung
•  Versorgung von 800
Haushalten mit Wärme
und 150 mit Strom
Geothermal energy
• 
• 
• 
• 
Ziele
Nutzung der unerschöpflichen Erdwärme zur
Stromproduktion und zur Wärmeversorgung
der Elbinsel (Nahwärmenetz)
• 
• 
• 
Sachstand
Klärung der Nutzungsmöglichkeiten und
Prüfung der Rahmenbedingungen (Technik, Geologie,
Wirtschaftlichkeit, Fördermittel, Betreiber und Abnehmer)
Gründung der Projektgesellschaft GTW Geothermie
Wilhelmsburg GmbH
Beauftragung Geologische Voruntersuchung
• 
• 
Energieproduktion pro Jahr (Potential)
•  35.000 MWh (Wärme) und 3.500 MWh (Strom)
•  9.000 t CO2-Einsparung
•  Versorgung von 4.000 Haushalten mit Wärme
und 1.000 mit Strom
Urban Biogas
Energetic conversion of public landscape waste
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Biomassepotential der Elbinsel:
7.500 - 10.000 t Gutachten ATUS/Heckenkamp 2007
Technische Konzeptentwicklung
Vergleich Trockenfermentationsanlagen;
Vattenfall Europe New Energy 2008
Dezentrales Logistikkonzept
ArborEnergy; i.A. Vattenfall E.N.E. 2008
Standortauswahl
• 
Strom und Wärme für Kirchdorf Süd;
Kooperation mit SAGA GWG, 2008/09
• 
• 
• 
• 
Energieproduktion pro Jahr
1.500 MWh (Strom) und 900 MWh (Wärme)
1.000 t CO2-Einsparung
Versorgung von 500 Haushalten mit Strom und 100 mit
Wärme
Renewable parkland
Sachstand
• EU-weiter Wettbewerb vorbereitet und ausgelobt
•  1. Baustufe Photovoltaik-Anlage ausgeschrieben (BSU)
Planungen abgeschlossen
•  Durchführung des Wettbewerbs (Januar - Mai)
•  anschließend Realisierungsplanung
•  Baufertigstellung 1. Baustufe PV
•  Ausschreibung Repowering (BSU)
Partner
•  Bezirk Mitte, igs, BSU
Space typological energy model!
Prof. Dr. Dieter Genske et al, University of Liechtenstein!
1914 Detroit Electric Model 47"
Thomas Edison as investor - one third of all cars was electric!
Chevy Volt plug-in hybrid!
Think!
Wrightspeed X-1!
Calgarys C-Train, wind power by TransAlta!
Sydney 2030!
Jan Gehl and Rod Simpson!
Sydney 2030 Green Transformer!
City of Sydney 2008!
A 100% renewable economy in a regenerative world!
solarcity.org