Handout vom 19.04.2012 (3,8 MiB)

Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS)
Truppengattungsübergreifender Mehrwert
19.04.2012 AOC Red Baron Roost | FKIE
Björn Behrmann
2004 Automotive Breakthrough
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Mission / Company
Mission: To provide 3 D acoustic situational awareness for
defense & security applications
Company
 Staff of 28 FTE, 7 EU nationalities
 Strong R&D component
 About 70 % of efforts is spent on R&D
 Strong participation in EU FP 7 framework defense & security
NATO Industry Advisory Groups
 NIAG 134 UAV Sense & Avoid
 NIAG 146 Protection of civil aircraft against MANPADS
 NIAG 160 Threat Evaluation and Weapons Assignment (TEWA)
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Acoustic situational awareness means,
understanding what is going on around
you, based upon acoustical information
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1879 Alfred Mayer’s Topophone
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1920 Czech Acoustic Locator
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1928 Waalsdorp Sound Locator
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Our Ears
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Our Ears – A Pressure Array
... very small time differences, and
level differences caused by the spacing
between the ears and the shadow of
the head...
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Advanced Pressure Arrays
High frequency
Low frequency
Mortars
Helicopters
Bullets
Weather station
required
50 cm
4 meters
25 meters
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50 cm
4 meters
Microflown Sensor
1994
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Innovative
Acoustic Vector Sensor
All sound signatures
1 cm
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Innovative
Acoustic Vector Sensor
From all locations
(3D)
1 cm
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Innovative
Acoustic Vector Sensor
All at the same time
1 cm
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Innovative
Acoustic Vector Sensor
 NO Microphone! Worldwide unique
 Broad-banded | 0.1Hz- 20+kHz
 Excellent accuracy | <1°
 Lightweight and compact design
 Multi sound events (Multi shooting)
 Passive Sensor
 No line of sight required
1 cm
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What are ears without eyes?
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… and eyes without ears?!
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… and eyes without ears?!
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Example: 100% deaf UAV
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Deaf UAV as state of the art?
„Aufzuklärende Schallereignisse wie z.B. das
Feuer von Small Arms, Mörsern, Artillerie etc.
können somit während des Flugs detektiert,
klassifiziert und lokalisieren werden…
… dies ermöglicht eine qualitative
Verbesserung bei der Lagebilderstellung.“
CEO Mr Batton (EMT)
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Click to play video
Worldwide Unique Capability
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AVS on experimental UAV
AVS signals on the UAV of two
Thunderflash on the ground.
(Distance 300m)
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AVS signals on the UAV of 81mm mortar
launch (approx. 500m distance) and
impact (approx. 3km distance)
3D Acoustic
Localization & Classification
Unattended Ground Sensor
ASK ‘t Harde – The Netherlands
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ASK ‘t Harde - The Netherlands
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AVS Sensor Capabilities
Field Tests – Measurements
AVS were tested in 2010 + 2011 amongst others at:
 Baumholder/Germany, mortars, howitzers
 NAMFI Crete/Greece, Stingers
 Salisbury/UK, 107mm rockets
 ‘t Harde, Netherlands, fire arms, UAVs, RAM
 ISK: fire arms, snipers
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Proven AVS Capabilities
Impulse Noise Sources
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Time-varying Noise Sources
Low Freq
Mid Freq
High Freq
Low Freq Tonal
Mid Freq Tonal
Broadband
Mortar
Subsonic
Supersonic
Helicopter
Ground
Jets (Aircrafts)
Artillery
Gun
Gun
Aircraft
Vehicles
Rockets & RPG
Truppengattungsübergreifender Mehrwert
Infanterie
Die "Schützendetektionsausstattung nach Beschuss“ ortet
Schussereignisse von Rohrwaffen bis Kaliber 40 mm nach
Richtung und Entfernungen bis 1500m durch Auswertung des
Geschoss- und Mündungsknalls. Quelle: http://www.deutschesheer.de
Einschränkung: Der Aufbau der Schützendetektionsausstattung ist
leicht zu erkennen und schränkt den Schußbereich der FLW ein.
Quelle: Infanterieschule - Hammelburg
Einschränkung: Die Nachrüstung ist extrem Aufwendig und
Zeitraubend. Ein autarkes System wäre wünschenswert.
Quelle: Logistik – Arthal Kaserne
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Heeresaufklärungstruppe
Ein
gepanzertes
Aufklärungsfahrzeug
was
akustische
Aufklärung
nur
mit
geöffneter
Dachluke/Tür während der Fahrt durch das
menschliche Ohr zulässt…, eine unnötige Gefahr
für Mensch und Maschine.
Quelle: Niederländische Streitkräfte
UAS Luna
 Akustische Zielortung
 Akustische Wegpunkte
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Special Forces
 Akustische Lokalisierung
 Tragbar am Soldat
 Scharfschützen
 Handfeuerwaffen
 RPG
 Mörser
Wir suchen ein sehr kleines kompaktes Akustisches
Schützendetektionsgerät. Schulter ist kein idealer
Ort, eher an unserer Weste zu Tragen.
Quelle: Special Forces
Heeresflieger
 Hostile Fire Indicator
 Small Arms Fire
 RPG
Wir suchen eine effektive Lösung Hubschrauberbesatzungen
auf Beschuss aufmerksam zu machen, und die Schützen am
Boden lokalisieren zu können.
Quelle: Heeresflieger | Special Forces
AVS Hardware & Signal Processing
AVS & DSP
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AVS Measures Directionality
Case: flyover and idling diesel engine in a battlefield
Time-frequency-DOA representation of an AVS output
N
E
W
S
Colour represents DOA
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Signal Processing Example
Case: flyover and idling diesel engine in a battlefield
(Processing is done locally, at the sensor)
“The Microflown sensor is very compact compared to other acoustic
means for bearing measurements… In summary the Microflown offers a
great potential for compact acoustic target location.”
Quelle: External Evaluation Report of German Defence Company
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Signal Processing Example
Vertical spikes: gunshots, direction SW (@ 1km)
N
E
W
S
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Signal Processing Example
Vertical spikes: gunshots, direction SW (@ 1km)
Gunshots removed
Horizontal lines, constant color
-> stationary vehicle SW (@ 200m)
N
E
W
S
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Signal Processing Example
Vertical spikes: gunshots, direction SW (@ 1km)
Gunshots removed
Horizontal lines, constant color
-> stationary vehicle SW
stationary vehicle noise removed
blue / purple line
-> aircraft
N
-height:1616m
-heading:NE
W
-velocity:355km/h
-true rpm:9600
S
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E
Acoustic Example of a Missile
Colors (R/G/B) represent AVS elements and color spectrum direction
N
W
E
S
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Subsonic / Supersonic Sniper
Supersonic
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Subsonic
AVS Ranging Propeller plane & Helicopter
 Minimum of two AVS
 One AVS + pass by (Doppler)
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AVS Ranging Supersonic (Sniper) Rifle
Requirement: Minimum one AVS
• Shockwave + muzzle blast
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AVS Ranging Blast and Impact
 Minimum of two AVS
 AVS on UAV + altitude information
 AVS + optic blast flash detection (time difference)
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Conclusion
AVS adds value or outperforms microphone arrays





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Detection, classification & localization of sound sources
Does not have „microphone - limitations“
Low energy consumption
Small size and lightweight
Passive
Cannot be jammed
Integration in existing defence technology possible
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