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I MPRESSUM Editor: Layout: Cover photo: Further photos: Gudjons-Pharmacy, Wankelstrasse 1, D-86391 Stadtbergen Tel.: 0049 821 4441000 • Fax: 0049 821 4441001 e-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.gudjons-apotheke.de APANOUA – STUDIO FÜR WERBUNG – Christian Korn, Feuerbachstr. 6a, 84034 Landshut, www.apanoua.de – [email protected] MEV by the authors Vol. 9 / Nr. 3 - first english edition –10/2007 C ONTENTS Editorial ........................................................................... 2 Preparation of Remedies in the Gudjons Laboratory by Brita Gudjons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 10 Journey into the Desert by Brita Gudjons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – 16 Homeopathy in Pedriatrics at the Children’s University Hospital in Munich by Dr Mira Dorcsi-Ulrich and Dr Sigrid Kruse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – 28 List of Remedies .................................................. 24 – 25 Background Information on the History of American Homeopathy and its Institutions by Dr med Dr phil Josef M. Schmidt, PD . . . . . . . . . 29 – 35 Homeopathic Hospitals in the United States of America by Dr. Heike Gypser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 – 48 Brita’s Picture Gallery ........................ 49 1 E DITORIAL I t is for 20 years now that homeopathic remedies are being produced at my laboratory following Hahnemann’s description at the end of his long life (Chronic Diseases and Organon VI). Raw substances are broken down by hand grinding 1 gran of the raw substance with 100 gran (60mg) of lactose (trituration). Dynamization of liquid C remedies is achieved by taking a ratio of 1 to 99 drops and shaking them vigorously, thereby using a new bottle for each dilution (multiple-glass method). These 100 drops are then used to impregnate sugar globules. Owing to the small quantity of 100 drops of impregnation fluid our globules are bottled in very small units of 1,5g. One of these tiny bottles, however, contains about 400 globules carrying an extremely intensive impregnation. Experience has taught us that one of these globules alone is sufficient for a patient’s dosis (preferably dissolved in some water). Q-potencies are made according to § 270 of the Organon VI. Apart from making remedies I also publish a small booklet twice a year covering topics that are of interest to the homeopathic world. As we all know different languages here in Europe present quite an information barrier. For this 20th anniversary I therefore decided to have some of the articles published the last few years translated into English in order to also reach those homeopaths that are not so familiar with the German language. Apart from the anniversary articles this issue also contains the description of a trip to the Sahara, where a remedy was made from camel milk in the presence of a shaman of the Tuareg tribe. It also offers an answer to the question: How could it happen that all these many, excellent and big homeopathic clinics that existed in the US two centuries ago, completely disappeared?... an illustrated compilation of these American clinics is shown. I also added some special offers regarding my own remedies and historic remedies, so just have a closer look at them... 2 PREPARATION OF REMEDIES A RTICLE BY he preparation of homeopathic remedies is so closely interwoven with my personal life history that I can no longer consider these two facets separately. It is in this spirit that I would like you to understand the story which I am about to tell you. T “We live in a very special, yet very dangerous time, wherein a new global culture is painfully struggling to be born. It is the challenge of our times to integrate human culture and knowledge. It is essential that this process occurs on the level of the healing sciences also. Healing is always a matter of unification. If our healing knowledge cannot be integrated, how could we as human beings find unity among ourselves?” IN GUDJONS LABORATORY B RITA G UDJONS the D and the C potencies and also the procedure of potentiation. In the mid-seventies, not too long after having graduated as a pharmacist, I fell ill. Yet no one was able to make a diagnosis. This prompted a first critical analysis of conventional western medicine. It was thus, that I got to know the different naturopathic methods which “Heilpraktiker” 2 and medical doctors applying naturopathy make use of. In 1978 I passed the state examination and became a “Heilpraktikerin” myself. One of these “alternative methods” which I got to know at this time was homeopathy. It was Dr Mathias Dorsci who opened the door to the world of homeopathy for me. This was in the year 1976 in a training course in Baden, which is not far from Vienna. It was he too who triggered a remarkable healing with merely 3 small white sugar pills. These lines are taken from the foreword of a book on Atzelberg Pharmacy ayurvedic herbs1 and have in Frankfurt am Main been chosen as an introduction here as they also apply for homeopathy. Dr Dorsci’s talks impressed me so much that I beIt was in the sixties that I decided to study pharmacy. At this time I was neither able to think along the lines of integrating human culture and knowledge, nor was I able to even sense anything of that sort. My world view was being shaped by the university and a completely materialistic and mechanistic way of thinking. In total, merely a few days of our studies were spent on homeopathy. Each and every one of the students as well as our professor were in agreement that this was something ever so dubious and that it was merely worth spending our time on discussing the pharmaceutical aspects of the differences in dilution between came very enthusiastic about taking part in training courses. This euphoria apparently came to be by entering into realms new to me and led to a craving that could only be satisfied by pursuing further qualifications and attending all of the homeopathic training courses offered at that time: starting with the repertorisation courses on Spiekeroog off the North Sea coast of Germany with Dr Künzli, Dr von Ungern-Sternberg and Dr Tiedemann, the A-B-C courses in Bad Brückenau in northern Bavaria and those in the hospital for naturopathy in Munich Harlaching with Dr Braun and Dr Zimmermann and finally the homeopathic courses at 3 PREPARATION OF REMEDIES Weidenkam Castle given by Dr Stübler. The courses offered by the companies Wala and Weleda gave me a first glimpse into spirituality. The piles of books around my bed grew and grew. In addition to my daily pharmaceutical work I was given the opportunity of evaluating consultations in the practice of a “Heilpraktiker” in 1978/79 on a regular basis. In those days this was always done by hand with a repertorisation table which most of you are probably familiar with. The daily advice at the pharmacy became a homeopathic consultation and this proved to be a blessing. How else would I have been able to stay in my profession as a pharmacist, if all of my allopathic medicines and the medical doctors weren’t of help to me? IN GUDJONS LABORATORY willingness to acknowledge the fact that it did work, even if I didn’t have a clue as to how! What is written here in these three last lines is the result of a challenging inner struggle of trying to maintain my position, this being: humans know everything and can do everything, and if not today, then certainly latest by tomorrow, guaranteed. Take a bet on it… Finally, I had to abandon this position. Or, to be more precise, this position had to be transformed into one of humbleness that is now: I know that I know nothing. The questions “What is matter? What are we actually potentiating? And what happens with the matter in this process?” became key issues. The piles of books around my bed became even higher… Atzelberg Pharmacy in Frankfurt am Main Slowly but surely a change began It was in the creation myths of the different relitaking place deep down inside me. It was an inigions and in the field of physics, with the shamans tially subconscious development and it steadily of the Indians and Hawaiians, with Rudolf Steiner paved the way to new topics in my life. This interand Mrs Blawatzski, with the alchemists and in the nal growth went along with a gradual change of Vedas that I searched for an answer to the question my consciousness and world view: out of the field “What is matter?”… of science from my years of studying and into a field of information patterns in material and nonmaterial states and spheres of spirituality. It was also about leaving a rational, linear way of thinking. It was about making a genuine effort for a nonlinear approach with an outlook onto the whole instead of the observation and the analysis of “microscopic parts”3. In the first ten years after having discovered homeopathy for myself, I could get hopping mad about not being able to understand how it worked. This annoyance gradually changed in accordance to my 4 Setting out on this path from solid matter to fine information wave patterns, from the domain of natural sciences to that of spirituality, I found gateways into many different realms of our universe. In all of these realms I received precious gifts for my later work with the plants and the raw materials for remedies. With astonishment and also deeply moved, I learned the skill of handling plants and all other beings of nature in books by Native American shamans like “White Eagle”. PREPARATION OF REMEDIES Capra amazed me with the statement that the becoming of the smallest particles of matter backwards and forewords in time reminded him of the Dance of Shiva4. The “Dance of Shiva” set the course for becoming familiar with the Hindu philosophy and the ancient scriptures of India, the Vedas. With Maharshi, the Indian master of Tiruannamalai near to the holy Arunachala Hill I realised that “I am” which led me back to the mystics of Christianity. IN GUDJONS LABORATORY opathy was strong and as I was very dedicated, various personal contacts developed to these teachers in the course of time. As I see it today, Dr Klunker, Dr Stübler, Dr Gypser and Raimund Friedrich Kastner were of great support in the production of my remedies. I didn’t invent a single thing myself. All I did was to merely follow the instructions, ask questions and digest the answers. A significant question was: what is the key to a high quality remedy? Dr Gypser always found new homeopathic topics which needed Yogananda further research helped me to acin order to “put cept a nonlinear homeopathy way of thinking. onto firm pillars where the From Dr Ungernground is yet Sternberg in boggy” as he was Bochum I inclined to say. learned to recUlrike Schober, ognize the signifAndreas Grimm icance of the role and I established that an intention a small study Prof. Junius in the Atzelberg Pharmacy plays as an influgroup. Under Dr ential energy. It Gypser’s guidance, we dealt with the reliability of is the intention which determines the value of literary sources of raw materials that were unclear. thoughts and actions in our lives. Thus the articles about Bryonia5, Murex6, CausWith Dora Schmidt-Nagel, who is known to have ticum7, Hekla lava8 and the spider remedies9 rebeen a follower of the Hindu philosophy, I got to sulted, which were published in the German homeknow and appreciate the value of working with opathic journals AHZ10 and ZKH11. remedies in a meditative state. Dr Gypser had dealt with the development of the These are only a few examples that didn’t all different repertories and also the origin of single effect the preparation of remedies, yet certainly parts of the literary works of various physicians, influenced my personal growth. e.g. Hahnemann, Kent and Hering. Therefore he knew that the homeopathic drug proving symptoms My Teachers of Homeopathy of the same drug were from provings of various The lecturers of the A-B-C courses and other conpractitioners and that the raw materials of a speferences for the homeopathy profession were our cific remedy were not always exactly identical. It therapists, medical doctors and “Heilpraktiker”, is easy to understand that those administering as they are till this day. homeopathy would like to use the remedy for These teachers were willing to answer all kinds of his/her patients that initially led to the symptoms questions upon questions. As my relation to homelisted in the repertory. In the beginning this con- 5 PREPARATION OF REMEDIES sideration seemed rather odd to the authors of the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of Germany (HAB12). It is obvious why Hahnemann not only wanted to administer remedies himself, yet also insisted upon being able to judge the quality of the preparation himself. As he says in §264 of the “Organon of Medicine”, 6th Edition: “The true physician must be provided with genuine medicines of unimpaired strength, so that he may be able to rely upon their therapeutic powers; he must be able, himself, to judge of their genuineness.” The Production Looking back, I can see clearly that – as if guided by an unknown hand – circumstances of life, acquaintances and information led to the preparation of remedies according to Hahnemann’s standards. IN GUDJONS LABORATORY vinced me to start with the Q potencies. It seemed reasonable to me to begin with those remedies which corresponded to the development in Dr Samuel Hahnemann’s later years and to which he referred to as his “advanced methods”. Thus, the first remedy was prepared on April 10th and 11th through a lactose trituration C1, C2, C3 and then the following steps as described in §270 of the “Organon of Medicine”, 6th Edition – this remedy was Mezereum. Later on I realized that April 10th was Hahnemann’s birthday. In the following 10 years we – that is the physicians in the area and I – came together on this day for a big celebration. Grinding Mezereum, I felt a hot desert wind blowing. The impression of being enfolded in a wonderfully soft and cooling gel arose while grinding Symphytum. Approximately 80 remedies up to Q12 were prepared in the first year with Dr Gypser as a mentor and a partner At a celebration at Lake ConAtzelberg Pharmacy to discuss the matter “how in Frankfurt am Main stance, Dr Klunker exdoes one prepare a finest pressed the idea that somehigh quality remedy” with. The first general evalbody should prepare all of the important remeuation of these remedies by known physicians was dies according to Hahnemann’s specifications with very good. a corresponding accurate documentation. I was the only pharmacist amongst the physicians preAfter having started with the production of remesent and this certainly appealed to me. Just like in dies, I continued further homeopathic training. I 1976 on Spiekeroog when Dr Künzli said that a accompanied Dr Gypser frequently on his course pharmacist in Germany should import the high potrips e.g. to Switzerland and to Italy and also took tencies of Schmidt-Nagel from Switzerland, so that part in his training courses in Baden and later on German practitioners would have an easier access in his Boenninghausen study group. to these remedies. With the knowledge that I had acquired from the many training courses, I was initially considering preparing C potencies. It was Peter Bartel who con- 6 The raw Materials As of 1988, C potencies were prepared too. The C3 triturates were diluted according to the direc- PREPARATION OF REMEDIES tions of Hahnemann (CD). Potencies from C4 to C1000 were made by then manually succussing and serially diluting at a ratio of one drop to one hundred drops in 7,5ml bottles which were made especially for this purpose. The globules were medicated directly with these liquid potencies: C6, C12, C30, C200, C1000. Later on, the trituration was continued up to C6 and then potentiated as a dilution according to the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of Germany (HAB). IN GUDJONS LABORATORY Acetic acid was distilled from wine vinegar. The mineral itself was chosen as a raw material for Calcium fluoride. Graphites was prepared with a piece of graphite from the Cumberland Museum in England (CD). To gain the raw material for Hekla lava, I traveled to Iceland where the volcano Hekla is. Aloe soccotrina originates from the island Soqotra which lies in the Indian Ocean south of Yemen. I did this journey full of adventure in the company of Dr J. Wachsmut, who worked in Yemen for many years. The raw materials were selected Remedies that had originally very carefully according to found their way into therthe specifications in apy in Hering’s and “Hahnemann: other prover’s The Chronic times were Diseases, prepared acVo l . 1 - 5 cording to (CD)” and the synthe“Hahnesising inmann: Mastructions teria Medica of Mr VenPura, Vol. 1-6 zago, a Swiss (MMP)” and chemist, in the then freshly ground. laboratory of the These instructions Atzelberg Pharmacy in were also followed Frankfurt which I was when using fluids. In running at that time. Members of the Boenninghausen study group this process one drop on May 6th 1995 Every single remedy was equated to one has its own exciting grain. We followed Hahnemann’s directions very story to tell. carefully in order to ensure an exact accordance Upon application in 1990, I was issued an authoof the composition of the raw material to that of risation for the production of remedies according the first proving. The same impurities were supto Hahnemann’s working methods by the responposed to develop as they did in the compositions sible supervisory authority in Darmstadt. I had in his time. Phosphoric acid was prepared from handed in this application with a precise descripcalcined white bone (CD). Kalium carbonicum tion of Hahnemann’s methods together with copies from purified tartar which was allowed to attract from the original literature. moisture from the air in a cellar after being brought to a red heat (CD). Phosphorus was prepared by triturating yellow phosphor with moistened lactose (CD). The white vapour rising with phosphorescence green sparks in it, conveyed the eerie feeling of being in a witches’ kitchen of the Middle Ages. Move to Bavaria In 1993 I relocated the production of remedies to Stadtbergen into a building put up specifically for this purpose. It was built according to the estab- 7 PREPARATION OF REMEDIES IN GUDJONS LABORATORY lished laws and its construction was supervised by software. The registrations and the corresponding the governmental regulating authority. The civil documentation papers of the remedies prepared servants of the Bavarian regulation authority conevery day – even if it was merely a single one (as firmed my authorisation for manufacturing from always with 3 signatures) – now fill metres and Hesse. By moving to Bavaria and producing rememetres of shelves in the office and also the cellar. dies outside of the pharmacy, my business became This dampens the optimism and enthusiasm about a pharmaceutical company and was thus subject working considerably, drives up the expenses and to the corresponding laws. Due to the increasingly turns a remedy producer into a paper producer… stricter laws for pharmaceutical traders, the lab A competing company attempted to invalidate my equipment was continuously being changed. The authorisation for the production of remedies which adaptations to these guidelines demanded air I subsequently lost after a 3-year lawsuit with the cleaners at workplaces, air-conditioning, division German health into hygiene authorities. I now zones, further have an authoridocumentation of sation for the proall operational duction of remeprocedures, redies according to gular training §13 of the Pharcourses for the maceutical Law staff members (AMG13). In Gerand an overly many a pharmacomplicated cist may only sell multitude of SOPs his/her medi(Special Opercines if these are ating Procedure Gudjons Laboratory in Deuringen prepared accord= exact descriping to the official tion of all operations on the premises, including pharmacopoeia, in my case the HAB. cleaning and many, many signatures for every sinIt is the interests of the major pharmaceutical mangle step in the course of the production and the ufacturers that become manifest in this official packing of the remedies). An external advisor was pharmacopoeia. Furthermore, this was written by necessary in order to put all of this into practice. pharmacists and not by homeopaths. As I had taken In the long run, I employed an experienced conthe challenge upon myself of providing genuine trol and production supervisor. medicines that are prepared correctly (§§264Years passed by before all of the requirements were 265, “Organon of Medicine”, 6th Edition) it proved put into practice. The laboratory needed approxto be a major balancing act in order to maintain imately 25-30% more employees for the maintethe quality of the remedies. nance of the required documentations, SOPs, How can one replace ordinary kitchen salt, which specifications of the starting materials and also the was most likely rock salt in Hahnemann’s time, with final products, the results of the analysis of all inchemically pure (!) NaCl (CD)? This is just one excoming materials, stability analysis of interstage and ample of many. All previous complicated attempts final products, as well as the stability of the remeto work according to our traditional classics now dies after having opened the bottles, maintenance not only belonged to the past, they were forbidden. agreements and validation of equipment and used 8 PREPARATION OF REMEDIES This fact dented my emotional body quite significantly, with results on physical parts of my humble self. IN GUDJONS LABORATORY with the remedy. A question and answer game with the entity of the drug developed, whereby the answers appeared as pictures. As of 1998, in the Having initially course of the dealt with this in a mad cow disease completely natin Europe, a speural way, I sudcific registration denly realised for marketing with a tremenwas required for dous shock the all of the remeextraordinary nadies that were ture of this state of prepared from mind. “Was I animals to which ready for the the nosodes also loony bin?” belong. ObtainThe entrance to Gudjons Laboratory It was people like ing a registration Dr von Ungernfrom our governmental health authorities is anSternberg, Raimund Kastner and Dr Stübler to other sizable and exorbitantly expensive chapter whom I confessed this thought that I had to, who that I would merely like to point out here. comforted me with the words “everything is just Triturations fine, this is reality on a different level.” Nevertheless, I didn’t speak about this issue in public for quite a few years. The optimal opening of the raw materials is obtained by trituration, as Hahnemann describes for examIn the daily process of tritple in §270 of his urating remedies for gen“Organon of Medicine”, eral use, an initial ritual act 6th Edition. The structures of greeting came to be. This of the coarse material are included asking the entity of released and transferred to the remedy for assistance. the chemically bound waMy greeting was a ray of ter of the lactose in a myslove energy from my heart. terious and inexplicable I was able to see this in the way. The materials disclose meditative state whilst at their secrets and the more often this process is re- A paper warrior in Gudjons Laboratory work as well as seeing the reaction of the entities and peated, the more amplified their gifts which they lay into the mortar if I exand more subtle these patterns become. pressed the desire. All of the entities responded Quite to my surprise, I experienced several sympwith joy and gratitude. toms with the first trituration of Mezereum menIt was this gratitude in particular which often tioned above. At the same time I saw pictures like moved me to tears. in a daydream which appeared to be associated 9 PREPARATION OF REMEDIES The result of these encounters is six files full of notes and records of these triturations, as well as those of the trituration courses offered for therapists who would like to experience this for themselves. Till this day, I still don’t really know where the pictures which become visible come from. As I speak the name of the drug aloud when I begin a trituration, it may be the energy field of IN GUDJONS LABORATORY the substance (an old secret of the alchemists which can be learnt in Goethe’s “Faust”). Dr Stübler assumed that biographical material also has a share in this. When triturating cancerous tissue, I discovered that my field of consciousness or the place of perception was not in the region of my body. Or my consciousness was spatially extended. Maybe we humans unite with the field of ideas, as Plato named it. Gudjons Laboratory – view from the east Footnotes 1. “The Yoga of Herbs: An Ayurvedic Guide to Herbal Medicine” by Dr Vasant Lad and Dr David Frawley – Lotus Light Publications ISBN 81-208-1172-0 2. Heilpraktiker/Heilpraktikerin: This is a training and title apparently unique to Germany. It includes anatomy, physiology and pathology, as well as learning alternative methods of healing. A state examination has to be passed prior to opening a “Heilpraktiker” practice. A similar international equivalent might be: naturopath, holistic healer, alternative or complementary practitioner. 3. “The Yoga of Herbs: An Ayurvedic Guide to Herbal Medicine” (see footnote one). 4. “The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism” by Fritjof Capra – Flamingo, ISBN-13: 978-0006544890 5. Bryonia: German homeopathic journal ZKH, 35th volume, 2nd issue, 1992, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 10 6. Murex: German homeopathic journal ZKH, 36th volume, 2nd issue, 1991, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 7. Causticum: German homeopathic journal ZKH, 33rd volume, 2nd issue, 1989, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 8. Hekla Lava: German homeopathic journal ZKH, 35th volume, 1st issue, 1993, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 9. spider remedies: German homeopathic journal ZKH, 39th volume, 5th issue, 1995, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 10. AHZ: Allgemeine Homöopathische Zeitung, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg (German homeopathic journal) 11. ZKH: Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg (German homeopathic journal) 12. HAB: Homöopathisches Arzneibuch Pharmacopoeia of Germany) (Homeopathic 13. AMG: Arzneimittelgesetz (Pharmaceutical Law) J OURNEY A RTICLE INTO THE BY Marianne and the Desert It was back in the years of her childhood that Marianne Roth first started dreaming about the desert and seeing infinite horizons in front of her inner eye. Yet it was only in 1988 when she followed the desert’s call and travelled to the Sahara for the first time, that she found out that these were in fact pictures of reality ... and that she first met people of the nomadic Tuareg tribes. In the passage of time she discovered that they shared what could be called a kindred spirit. D ESERT B RITA G UDJONS who initially didn’t put up any resistance. Through the tenacity of the “knights” and the concentrated forces of all medicine men, these battles were put to an end in April 1995 and the independence of the Tuareg was declared. Marianne, who was already supporting her friends with clothes and nutrition at this point in time, told me incredible stories about the days of this resistance movement. Nowadays, the major threat to this culture is the infiltration by the so-called civilisation from all sides of the desert and the increasing loss of self-confidence of the TuThese beautifully areg people. well-proporMany Tuareg lost tioned, slender their only repeople living in a sources, namely matriarchal way all of their anigave her a touch mals – their of the time of camels, their chivalry with its sheep and their high ethics. On goats – during the her frequent periods of journeys, she drought. Those of formed close them who therefriendships with upon settled Marianne and Adem individual famidown in cities like lies and in doing so experienced a metamorphoTamanrasset show a distinct change of character. sis and deepening of her own values of her westThe Foundation in Iferouane ern-oriented world view. In 2001 she married and Homeopathy Adem, the son of her friend and mentor, Tana – a wise woman surrounded by the aura of a shaman. Marianne’s desire to support her friends led to her initiating the Foundation Iferouane and this came The Tuareg to be as follows: Marianne worked as a homeopath The nomadic Tuareg people are the inhabitants and in a tiny village in Switzerland with merely 500 inthe real masters of the Sahara. Politically speakhabitants. In the winter she organised camel caring, the territory of their caravan travels used to avans to the Central Sahara (Air Massif and Hogextend over what is now Algeria, Libya, Mauritagar Mountains) for Europeans to give them an unnia, Mali and Niger. For a long time, yet particuderstanding of the transforming energy of the larly since the establishment of borders between desert, which she herself had learned to apprecithe individual countries and then especially in the ate as such a beneficial experience. Nowadays, the eighties and nineties, and mainly in Niger, there Tuareg families don’t operate the trans-Saharan were attempts to eradicate the nomadic and hence trade in salt and other commodities anymore and uncontrollable tribes and to slaughter the people therefore only have limited possibilities for earn- 11 J OURNEY INTO THE ing their living. These families are supported with the income from the camel caravans. Inevitably, she treated the sick people homeopathically as well; initially her friends and later on also in a wider circle. D ESERT “yes, all right then, next year we’ll really do it”. So, this was the run-up story to our journey from Geneva, Switzerland to Algiers, the capital of Algeria and then on to Tamanrasset, Algeria. Then three days by off-road vehicles from Tamanrasset to Iferouane in Niger and at long last meeting the camel caravan there in the Air Massif. From there, we travelled for 6 days with the camel caravan as guests of Marianne’s Tuareg friends. Followed by 3 days of rest in a beautiful valley and the preparation of a homeopathic remedy together with Djumbo, the marabout (title of a holy man) and I. Then another 6 days by camel, 3 days by jeep back to Tamanrasset and flight via Algiers back to Geneva. For me personally, this turned out to be a very unusual journey in all respects. The Scenery to the south of Tamanrasset all One day, a medicine man named Zjumbo came to her and said that he could see that she was planning to do something with his people which seemed to be like a bridge between the countries and the cultures and that since this was in his interest too, he really wanted to take active part in it. At this point in time she didn’t have a clear plan for a project, which – after the two of them had exchanged many ideas – was later to become the “Foundation Iferouane”. Besides that, he also asked her about the healings with the homeopathic remedies, some of which he believed to be stronger than those through his medicine. Marianne had visited me at the beginning of the nineties in order to purchase a well-assorted remedy kit. In the years after that, she would ask me regularly if I would like to travel to the desert with her. Of course I didn’t have the time for such an unusual journey. Yet after having put her off with the words “let’s see, maybe next year” time and again for the best part of 10 years, in 2002 I replied 12 around this trans-Saharan route was of such solemn beauty and great variety that I soon had to give up trying to remember everything. It flowed in through my eyes reaching the very depth of my spirit and in order not to drown therein, I could merely keep quiet and let its charm unfold. At first, there was fine yellow sand, flat as a table as far as one could see, blue lakes with white islands and Saharan landscape gorgeous coastal forms, which disappeared like a mirage upon coming nearer; groups of rocks in the shapes of elephant families; bleak slopes with dark stones that had been sharpened by the wind jutting out here and there, as forbidding as a lunar landscape; ridges of accumulated rubble of J OURNEY INTO THE round or egg-shaped weathered volcanic rocks with diameters of up to five meters, for miles, for hours; winding yellow dunes patterned with ripples made by the wind; mountain ridges with monoliths shaped like dinosaurs above lovely vales, Our desert “cars” lightly powdered with fine white sand, sometimes covered with huge gorse bushes or tufts of dry grass, here and there an acacia with thorns like barbed wire or merely crags and oblong weathered rock as far as the eye could see… The feeling for time vanished completely and became irrelevant. Together with the capacity for remembering it faded away and consciousness existed in the scene of the present. D ESERT The Encounter with the People of this region, the light-skinned Tuareg, gave me the feeling of having been somewhere in outer space. Back in my familiar surroundings, that which I experienced now feels almost unreal, like a beautifully woven dream. The soul pattern, the spiritual sphere or the matrix of these people is as if it were from a different dimension. They are gentle and beautiful, like gazelles in their build and movement, kind and helpful, knightly and somehow still rather feminine, open, yes almost naïve to our way of thinking and nevertheless wise. Of course I can merely speak about those few whom I got to know. There are entirely different reports about this ethnic group. Maybe it was the energy of the desert, the surrounding area itself, which simply enchanted me. Furthermore it took me completely by surprise to arrive in a sandy desert and to come across people living out of doors who warmly gave me a hand with their hearts wide open and who thanked me for my remedies which had already helped so many of them. People who just took me by the hand and led the way through the dunes, because my steps were heavy and I sank into the sand, or for whatever reason. In any case this sur- When we reached this trans-Saharan route, the full moon was rising in the pale violet sky. Virtually at the same time the glowing red blazing ball of the sun was setting in the West. A most enchanting constellation which did however give way to a cold north-easterly wind which lasted until the new moon and which occasionally made sitting on the back of a camel more like riding waves on a surfboard … Icy cold nights with billions of stars, from which at times, at least around December 16th, a streak of light from a shooting star glowed downwards every single minute. Mother and baby camel prised me so much, yes confused me so much, that all I could do was to merely let it happen… Nevertheless hot at noon and glisteningly bright, sometimes with further sanding for man, camel and luggage… 13 J OURNEY INTO THE D ESERT Zjumbo, the Medicine Man We 11 Europeans of the „homeopathy caravan“ met Zjumbo for the first time in Iferouane. He welcomed us with a blue cloud of blossomy fragrance and burning incense in a circular clay building with a saucer dome. This unusual construction had the most remarkable acoustics which lifted everyone’s spirits beyond words. His welcoming gift came together with a vague suggestion about there being a connection between all individuals as knots in a net of healing work on Earth. Zjumbo therefore not able to pass on his knowledge, because, as he holds, the quality of time is changing everywhere on the Earth and something new is developing which is as yet not apparent for us. Older people of their tribe are of the same opinion. They have observed that children born nowadays don’t have the determination and soul strength as it was the case a generation ago. Zjumbo accompanied our small caravan for 10 days with his caring and protective presence and only left us on the day after the trituration of the remedy. The Preparation of a Remedy Orginally, the wish to prepare a remedy all together as a group was expressed by Marianne and Zjumbo. Zjumbo Zjumbo is a very tall, strong man. I’d say he is more or less 6 foot 4 and he is surrounded by a golden aura of caring devotion towards everything and everybody. He is the 8th member of a continuous line of medicine men in a family in which the knowledge was passed from father to son. According to Marianne’s reports, this is an incredibly tough and demanding upbringing, especially in the early days and it hardly leaves any space for being a child. The line breaks off after him. He was 14 Trituration tent The trituration of a raw material from the desert with the aim of disclosing its secrets was to be conducted as described in § 270 of Hahnemann’s „Organon of Medicine, 6th Edition“. As you surely J OURNEY INTO THE know, it has become a phenomenon of our time that homeopaths triturate raw materials and collect the images and symptoms which surface, in order to find out about the characteristics of the material. In point of fact, there is no good reason to have this kind of work sailing under the banner of homeopathy and I would simply call the whole lot material research. Yet homeopaths in particular have become aware of this method described in Hahnemann’s instructions for the prepa- Triturating the camel milk D ESERT wanted to take part in the trituration and as there were only 15 mortars and pestles, the decision was made to have one European working together with one Tuareg in a defined pattern of time. Marianne accompanied me to Zjumbos’ “dwelling” – the shadow of an acacia – to translate our first talk regarding the course of events. So I told him, that I had read books written by various Indian shamans in the seventies. And that they had described how important it was to ask the plants for their permission to cut off anything, for example of their leaves or of their roots and to also ask them if they would be at disposal for the preparation of a remedy. From a wise old woman, Mrs Dr von Ungern-Sternberg, I knew that the intention whilst doing something is just as important for the final product, as the deed itself. And then I went on to say that since then I just proceeded as I had learned from the sages. He moved his covered head from one side to the other and said: “yes, that’s how I do it too” and we both smiled contentedly. ration of remedies and have discovered that – if one “listens” carefully – there is quite a bit more than meets the eye than merely the technique …and they love to play therewith … Several weeks before we arrived, Zjumbo had chosen (and blessed, as he said) a beautiful little valley, situated in the Air Massif. There, in the middle of the wilderness, a tent made of wattle was put up up by a few Tuareg women. During this time these women were taken care of by Zjumbo’s friend Mömöttie, who also provided them with water and food. It was at sunset on the 17th December that we arrived in this vale covered with grass, imbedded between the eroding colossi of rocks of the surrounding mountains; the camel mare had already joined our caravan with her baby on the day before. The following day was to be a day of rest for most of the participants. A detailed planning for the trituration was made. In addition to the Europeans and Zjumbo, now the Tuareg friends also Camel milk Whereas I had thought of doing research into one of the medicinal plants from the Sahara, this being the homeland of the Tuareg people, Marianne was eager to triturate camel milk, because the camel plays such a significant role in life of the desert nomads. The way in which the milk from different animals is dealt with in homeopathy nowadays has always seemed kind of suspicious to me and I have a certain aversion towards this “fuss about milk”. After all, personal traits are not symptoms of a disease and therefore not treatable in a homeopathic point of view … 15 J OURNEY INTO THE D ESERT But then we agreed upon camel milk after all and on the next morning first of all a smaller group of us prepared a C1 together with Zjumbo. As already mentioned, the next levels were each prepared together by one Targi and one of us. Each of us recorded his/her symptoms and at the end we took it in turns to give an account of what we had experienced, felt or seen. Before we left this valley, Zjumbo invited us to the „tent“ at sunrise to bid us farewell. up to the C3. This brought forth a deep loving-amicable closeness between us all and these two arms of the “European race” (the Tuareg say they are Europeans like us and that our races stem from the same root). He, Zjumbo, would like to pass on his knowledge in a new form today: his energy would go out into the world with us all; his strength would initiate a transformation in us and therefore continue to act indirectly. This revelation in its simple form moved us all deeply and I understood it to be a call for reporting about this, which I have hereby done. He told us how pleased he was that we had prepared a remedy as a group. Our time spent together had found special attention in the cosmos and he had observed quite a few unusual things. On the morning before our work began, a twosome of antelopes had come What I found parto graze very close ticularly moving by to his domicile, was the notes writcloser than he had ten in Tifnagh, the ever experienced script of the Tuareg. before. And in the This consists of night a fennec had many small dots, come to inspect lines and circles the tent in which and makes it likely we had worked. that the Tuareg are We should do well descendants of the in heeding the people who left omens of the anithese innumerable mals. Due to her old rock paintings virtue of being able behind. to nourish, the camel mare is a We sat very close to highly respected each other, sweatanimal amongst ing away in this his people and this small plaited conWalking in space gave the remedy struction built in which we prepared the shape of an together an increased significance. igloo and worked in a disciplined way in silence The notes of the symptoms and pictures can be ordered from Anina Fux (address: Thal, CH-3453 Heimisbach, Tel.: (0041) (0)34 431 23 91) or from the organisers of the camel caravans (Tel.: (0041) (0)34 431 1686). 16 When bidding farewell, he handed us “the best his folk and the desert have to offer” in a bowl with ground millet, dates and camel milk. B. Gudjons H OMEOPATHY IN P EDIATRICS AT THE C HILDREN ’ S U NIVERSITY H OSPITAL IN M UNICH A RTICLE BY D R M IRA D ORCSI -U LRICH , D R . S IGRID K RUSE Vision On a beautiful summers day in Munich 1994, Mathias Dorcsi and Mira Dorcsi-Ulrich asked themselves the question whether homeopathy could be employed under clinical conditions in a Pediatric Hospital. In 1989 Mathias Dorcsi, founder of the Vienna School of Homeopathy, had moved from Vienna to Munich. His foremost aim was to integrate homeopathy into the University as part of an all-embracing medicine. At this time, contact was made to Prof. Hellbrügge who was the director of the Children’s Centre for Rehabilitation of Munich University, pioneer in Social Pediatrics, who had introduced many innovative methods including preventive medical check-ups for children. He had the idea to educate doctors in homeopathy. Mathias Dorcsi and Mira Dorcsi-Ulrich follwed up the idea and offered weekend courses in homeopathy. So from 1989 to1997 they had tought 160 physicians the fundamentals of Hahnemann’s homeopathy. Practice orientation was important and 300 patients were demonstrated to these “students” during this time. While teaching, Mira Dorcsi-Ulrich decided to let homeopathic therapy be seen through the critical eyes of clinical doctors and judged by scientific standards. She started looking for a suitable clinic in Munich, in which the pediatricians were open, curious and unprejudiced for this proposal. Having collaborated very well for the past ten years, she presented the project at the Dr. von Hauners Children’s Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, one of the pace-setting clinics in Germany. Realisation of the Project In order to start a project, the following requirements were to be fullfilled: 1.) Development of a trusting relationship to the University Children’s Hospital. This was achieved by asking the right question at the right time: “Would anything speak against accepting homeopathic therapy experimentally in our clinic with the advantage of an additionel doctor financed externally?” 2.) We found a suitable homeopathic doctor, Sigrid Kruse, who had taken part in our weekend education sessions. Mathias Dorcsi and Mira Dorcsi-Ulrich were the ideal team for supervision. 3.) The greatest obstacle was to find a sponsor to finance the project: We succeeded in convincing the Karl and Veronica Carstens Foundation which sponsored us for the first six years. This foundation has the aim of integrating complementary medicine, especially homeopathy, into clinical medicine. So our vision began to be realised on April, 1st, 2007: Sigrid Kruse started as a medical doctor in a normal ward with the aim of qualifying as a pediatric specialist. 17 H OMEOPATHY P EDIATRICS While getting acquainted with the situation, the physicians and nurses at the hospital, the wise words of Mathias Dorcsi were always on her mind: ”Don’t impose yourself upon them, wait till you are called! And you will be called soon...” the patient’s progress was the first big step in inspiring confidence for homeopathic remedies. The first homeopathic Treatment When and how is Homeopathy applied in the University Children’s Hospital? After four weeks Prof Egger, neurologist, called for Sigrid Kruse and asked whether homeopathy could help in a difficult situation. A seven year old boy with extreme psycho-motoric retardation at a developmental stage of a new born baby, was in hospital because of extreme attacks of crying and screaming. The situation was unbearable for the child itself, the mother and all the other patients in the room. Nobody could find rest and silence, especially at night. After checking the child for any organic pathology explaining these attacks, a detailed homeopathic history brought us to the specific remedy. The leading symptoms were as follows: Sudden attacks of crying with overstretching backwards Sudden pain attacks (according to his mother) Carrying around and shaking him eased the situation and made him more quiet Symptoms much worse during the night These symptoms lead to the conclusion that Chamomilla C 30 could help. And certainly it did: For the first time since weeks, the child slept through the night! This impressed the mother, nurses and doctors. The unexpected reaction and positive influence on 18 IN Cases such as this with similar astonishing results helped reduce the initial rather sceptical attitude towards this complementary treatment. Homeopathy is now available to all wards of this University Children’s Hospital. First and foremost is the desire or request for homeopathic treatment by the pediatrician or the parents. This means that outpatients as well as inpatients can receive additional homeopathic treatment on request. First every child is medically examined and a diagnosis found. Then we decide which therapy or combination of treatment would help the individual patient the most. In those cases in which homeopathy is indicated, we differentiate between acute and chronic disease. Acute Cases are usually treated in the emergency ward. The homeopathic remedy is chosen according to the “tried and tested” indication: local symptoms, the modalities (what releaves the patient and what makes the symptoms worse) as well as the behaviour of the patient during the acute phases. We have achieved good results in the following acute disorders: Feveral, viral infections such as rhinits, bronchitis, pharingitis, tracheitis, gastroenteritis, restless- H OMEOPATHY ness in new born babies (teething, colics, flatulence,..), itching in chicken pox, insect bites, etc. Chronic cases always require a complete homeopathic history which takes 1 to 2 hours. The patient is then examined thoroughly and a video is taken. This supports supervision where our homeopathy team meets to find the remedy suitable for this individual child in the specific situation. Supervision means repertorisation according to the leading symptoms followed by the video which helps determine constitution and diathesis of the patient as a whole person. The interest we show for the individual child impressed the allopathic colleagues and helped create trust in homeopathy and our team. We have seen positive results in the complementary homeopathic treatment of the following chronic conditions: Allergies like neurodermatitis, hay fever, asthma, susceptibility to infections like recurring otitis, infections of the urinary passage, bronchitis and others, migraine, tic, epilepsy, developmental retardation, restlessness. Requests for homeopathic consultation come mainly from the ward for babies, oncology, surgery and our three intensive care units (neonatology, pediatrics and pediatric surgery). In the neonatology ward we had remarkable influence of the outcome of cerebral bleeding III degree. Furthermore, good results were achieved in cases of restlessness due to colic and drug withdrawal syndrome. The side effects of chemotherapy and radiation in the oncology ward can be IN P EDIATRICS clearly relieved. During the past 12 years we are increasingly called to the surgery ward because pain and wound healing as well as anxieties after an accident or before and after surgery can be positively influenced by a suitable homeopathic remedy. Research on Homeopathy After a few very positive outcomes in single cases, the question arose, whether similar results could be achieved under controlled conditions in a study. Because the doctor-patient-relationship is usually hampered by these conditions, we performed observational studies for the following disorders: Enuresis, recurring urinary passage infections, migraine, tic, Prader-Willi-Syndrome, susceptibility to infections, third degree cerebral haemorrhage in premature and mature newborn babies, drug withdrawal syndrome, stomatitis as a side effect of Methotrexate. The results of these studies are promising but we need to have more comparative studies.It is very important to find a study design which respects both homeopathic and scientific requirements. Summary During the past 12 years homeopathy has been successfully integrated into the University Children’s Hospital of Munich. This complementary method has become an accepted component of the possibilities for treatment in finding the best therapy for the individual child. In the year 2002 Sigrid Kruse was given an award by the Karl and Veronica Carstens Foundation for 19 H OMEOPATHY IN P EDIATRICS the first successful integration of homeopathy into an university pediatric hospital. • The synthetical way using the clinical signs and phenomena of the disease When the financial support of the Karl and Veronica Carstens Foundation ran out after six years, we searched for a new sponsor. Surprisingly, the health care insurances AOK and TK jumped in and are still financing two positions for a medical doctor with education in homeopathy. This shows clearly, that the optimal therapy for the little patients at the University Children’s Hospital includes homeopathy, even in the eyes of the insurances. • The analytical way using the repertorium Homeopathy is part of a wide range of possibilities in finding the best therapy for the individual child with the least side effects in this very specific situation. Positive results in many individuals have demonstrated that homeopathy is an important option because it is predictable, observable and repeatable. Our guiding statements are: • Meeting the patient as an individual in the detailed homeopathic history • Deep knowledge of homeopathic remedies and their action • Personal commitment to the patient • The young patient is the focus of our medical actions and procedure. In finding the best remedy for the individual patient in our daily work, we follow the guidelines of Mathias Dorcsi, founder of the Vienna School of Homeopathy: • To understand the patient and his disease in order to find the suitable remedy for him Whichever way we choose to take, the homeopathic remedy itself is of utmost importance. This being, like ourselves, part of creation to which we bow down to in humble respect. Plans for the Future Our team is dedicated to three main aims: • To further establish homeopathy in the Children’s Hospital • To perform well planned studies at the university clinic in order to convince even the more sceptical doctors of the value of this additional means of therapy • To have homeopathy accepted in children’s hospitals all over Germany as an integral part of therapy. In order to achieve these aims we need more capacities and financial support. To encourage private and company sponsoring we founded GLObulus e.V., a registered association: “Association for the Promotion of Medical Homeopathy in Pediatric Clinics”. For more information please visit our website: www.globulus.org continued on page 26 20 20 Y EARS OF Q UALITY R EMEDIES AS IN H AHNEMANN ’ S T IMES SPECIAL ANNIVERSARY OFFER UNTIL THE END OF 2007 for our professional kits and historical Dunham and Fincke remedies Our popular professional kit with 120 of the most frequently used remedies in C12, C30, C200 and C1000 potencies comes in a Gudjons imitation leather case, now available as an anniversary special: Acon. Agar. All-c. Alum. Am-c. Ambr. Anac. Ant-c. Ant-t. Apisin. Arg-n. Arn. Ars-i. Ars. Aur-m. Aur. Bar-c. Bell. Berb. Bry. Bufo Calc-f. Calc-p. Calc-s. Calc. Camph. Canth. Caps. Carb-an. Carb-v. Carbn-s. Caul. Caust. Cham. Chel. Chin. Cic. Cimic. Cina Cocc. Coff. Coloc. Con. Crot-h. Cupr. Cycl. Dulc. Eup-per. Ferr-p. Fl-ac. Gels. Graph. Hell. Hep. Hyos. Hyper. Ign. Iod. Ip. Kali-bi. Kali-br. Kali-c. Kali-i. Kali-s. Kreos. Lach. Led. Lil-t. Lyc. Mag-c. Mag-m. Med. Merc-c. Merc.(viv.) Mez. Naja Nat-c. Nat-m. Nat-p. Nat-s. Nit-ac. Nux-m. Nux-v. Op. Petr. Ph-ac. Phos. Phyt. Plat. Plb. Podo. Puls. Pyrog. Ran-b. Rhod. Rhus-t. Rumx. Ruta Sabad. Sabin. Sang. Sars. Sec. Sep. Sil. Spig. Spong. Staph. Stict. Stram. Sul-ac. Sulph. Symph. Tab. Tarent. Thuj. Tub-k. Urt-u. Verat. Zinc. Normal Price C12 C30 e C200 C1000 Special Anniversary Offer 820,00 e 615,00 e 1.299,00 e 975,00 e 1.629,00 e 1.220,00 e 1.799,00 e 1.350,00 Order directly from our pharmacy! For online orders please use the order form of the Gudjuns pharmacy: www.gudjons-apotheke.de fax order: +49 821 4441001 per e-mail order: [email protected] or SMS: +49 179 9998889 21 S PECIAL A NNIVERSARY O FFER FOR H ISTORICAL R EMEDIES Thanks to Dr. André Saine, Dunham’s 200ths and the full set of Fincke Potencies are available in Europe again! Dunham Case Content/Pieces 200 D + 2 x C 200 132 Price e 295,00 Fincke-Cases MM (Gudjons case, top left) DM + intermediate layers (Gudjons case, top right) CM (zipper case as with Dunham’s) LM (zipper case as with Dunham’s) XM (zipper case as with Dunham’s) M (zipper case as with Dunham’s) Price e 295,00 e 325,00 e 950,00 e 1.025,00 e 995,00 e 900,00 Please visit our homepage: “historical remedies kits” for details on contents 22 P RICE -L IST IN E URO Q-Potencies Q 1-3 Q 4-6 Q 7-9 Q10 Vial w/dropper (15 ml) Ethanol solution of 19% 15,97 18,00 20,00 20,99 Single dose ** Powder letter 12,97 14,00 15,00 16,00 and higher* *if available Our liquid remedies are bottled full to the top in order to prevent further potentizing during transport. Before taking the remedy about one third of the liquid in the dropper (15 ml ) should be poured away so that there is a potentizing action when shaking the remedy. ** Please note: Globules in Q-potencies are only available as powder letters (from which the doctor prepares a liquid remedy for his patient). C-Potencies Vials of 1,5 g. C6 C 12 7,00 8,98 Single doses as finished products carry a registered number and are listed in the code of pharmaceutical products (PZN). (12 large globules of about 0,5g C 30 C 200 C 1000 13,98 18,00 20,00 8,98 12,00 12,97 Intermediate potencies are customized remedies and subject to an additional charge of 15,– e (administration fee) Small Home and 1st Aid Remedy Kit Small Home and 1st Aid Remedy Kit (12 remedies) 59,90 Home and 1st Aid Kit Small Home and 1st Aid Remedy Kit (25 remedies) along with a book on 1st Aid (in German) 99,90 All prices are sales prices and include 19% VAT. Delivery costs are 4,– e (Powder letter 1,04 e ). There is no minimum order. Further information: www.gudjons-apotheke.de 23 L IST 24 Abies canadensis Abies nigra Abrotanum Absinthium Acalypha indica Aceticum acidum Acid. phenylaethylbarb. Acidum salicylicum Aconitum Adonis vernalis Aesculus hippoc. Aethiops antimon. Aethusa cynapium Agaricus Agnus castus Agraphis nutans Ailanthus gland. Alchemilla vulg. Alcoholus Aletris farinosa Alfalfa Allium cepa Allium sativum Aloe soc. Aloe vera Alumen Alumina Alumina silicata Aluminium Aluminium phos. Amalgam Ambra Amethyst Ammonium carb. Ammonium mur. Anacardium orient. Anagallis arv. Anantherum Androctonus Angustura vera Anhalonium Anthemis nobilis Antimonium crud. Antimonium tart. Apis male Apis mellifica Apisinum Apocynum cannab. Apomorphinum Aqua marina Aralia racemosa Aranea diadema Argentum met. Argentum muriaticum Argentum nitricum Aristolochia clem. Arnica Arsenicum album Arsenicum hydrogen. Arsenicum jodatum Arsenicum met. Arsenicum sulf. flav. Artemisia vulg. 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Natrium sal. Natrium sil. Natrium sulf. Neon Niccolum Nicotinum Niobium sulfuricum Nitricum acidum Nuphar luteum Nux mosch. Nux mosch. e rad. Nux vomica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum sanctum Oenanthe aquatica Okoubaka aubrevillei Oleander Oleum animale Oleum jecoris aselli Olibanum sacrum Olivin Oniscus asellus Opium Opuntia vulgaris Origanum majorana Origanum vulgare Ornithogalum umb. Oryza s. flores Ossa sepiae Ovi gallinae pellicula Oxalat – Nierenstein Oxalicum acidum Oxygenium Ozon Paeonia officinalis Palladium met. Paris quadrifolia Passiflora incarnata Pecten jacobaeus Pentavac® Vaccine OF R EMEDIES Pertussis Vaccine Petasites Petiveria tetrandra Petroleum Petroleum (Rohöl) Petroselinum sativum Phosphoricum acid. Phosphorus Physostigma ven. Physostigminum Phytolacca Picrinicum acid. Pilocarpinum Piper methysticum Placenta Plantago major Platinum met. Platinum muriaticum Plumbum aceticum Plumbum met. 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Sphingurus Spigelia Spongia Squilla maritima Stannum met. Staphisagria Sticta Stramonium Strontium carbonicum Strontium metallicum Strophantus hisp. Strychninum nitr. Strychninum purum Succinum purum Sulfur Sulfur jodatum Sulfuricum acid. Symphoricarpus Symphytum off. Syzygium jambol. Tabacum Tarantula hisp. Taraxacum officinale Taxus baccata Tellurium met. Terebinthina Terminalia arjuna Tetanol® Vaccine Teucrium marum verum Thallium aceticum Thallium metallicum Thallium sulfuricum Thea sinensis Theridion Thlaspi bur. past. Thuja Thymolum Thymus vulgaris Thyreoidinum Tigerschnurrbart Tilia europaea Triticum e seminibus Tuberculinum bov. Tuberculinum Koch Twinrix® Vaccine Uricum acidum Urtica dioica Urtica urens Ustilago maydis Uva ursi Valeriana off. Venus mercenaria Veratrum album Veratrum viride Verbascum Vermiculite Vespa crabro Vibhuti Viburnum opulus Vinca minor Viola odorata Viola tricolor Vipera aspis Vipera berus Virus reg. ap. Viscum alb. Wiesb. Kochbr. Wolfram X-Ray Xanthoxylum am. Yohimbinum Yttrium sulfuricum Zincum aceticum Zincum metall. Zincum phos. Zincum val. Zingiber officinale Zirconium phos Gudjons Pharmacy Wankelstr. 1 D-86391 Stadtbergen Tel.: +49 821 4441000 Fax: +49 821 4441001 www.gudjons-apotheke.de 25 H OMEOPATHY IN P EDIATRICS continued from page 20 Case Study: “Little Ludwig” the following happened: the child became stable, the distension of the fontanel decreased and reOn the 2nd of April 2001 little Ludwig was transturned to normal, the dramatic growth of the head ferred to our neonatology intensive care unit at the became slower. So the signs of acute brain presDr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital. Prematurly sure disappeared. The shunt-operation could be born in the 29th week of pregnancy as a twin, he cancelled. was now almost 4 weeks old. On the 4th day of his life he had developed 3rd degree intracerebral The next remedy following Arnica was the Black haemorrhage. During the further course of his illWidow, Latrodectus mactans C12, 2x3 globuli per ness, posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus with sigday for six weeks. Knowledge of the toxicology of this nificant extension of the ventricles was diagnosed. spider shows the close relationship to blood clotThere were imting. Ludwig portant, critical Sonography of the brain was often restsymptoms less and his which signalsleep suddenly ized that immeinterrupted by diate action was startled alertnecessary: disness. These are tension of the leading sympfontanel, bradytoms typical for cardia during Latrodectus For comparison: Clearly dilated ventricles drinking and mactans. normal feature on both sides dramatically inThe child becreasing head circumference of 1cm per day. Norcame more and more stable, began to drink and mally we need surgical intervention to reduce the could go home together with his twin brother Axel, brain pressure by implanting a ventriculoperitoneal one week before reaching the calculated day of shunt. Everything was prepared for the operation birth. To support his development, Ludwig was while parallel to this, Sigrid Kruse was requested given Christmas rose, Helleborus niger C6, as a folfor a homeopathic consultation because of the poslow-up remedy, 3x3 globuli per day for eight itive experience with similar cases in the past. weeks. In our experience Helleborus has shown In this threatening situation the despaired parents to be a very important remedy in children with deagreed thankfully to a complementary homeolayed response time, as well as retarded physical pathic treatment. We took a very detailed history and mental development. and decided that the most suitable remedy was ArAt the age of corrected 8 months Ludwig and his nica, which had proved in the past to be very helpbrother Axel were judged as very normally develful in internal bleeding, especially in intracerebral oped children. At the age of 13 months they started haemorrhage. Arnica is expected to support reto walk, discovering their environment and chatsorption of the intracerebral haemorrhage. Ludting happily the whole day long... wig was given Arnica C200 on three following days additional to intensive medical care. Unexpectedly 26 H OMEOPATHY IN P EDIATRICS The Homeopathy Team at the Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Munich Dr Mira Dorcsi-Ulrich, pediatrician Dr Sigrid Kruse, pediatrician Mira Dorcsi-Ulrich was born 1943 in Calcutta, India, and studied medicine in Tübingen, Germany. She has been practising pediatrics since 1973, in her own practice in Munich offering homeopathy since 1983. Her vision of the integration of homeopathy into university pediatrics was initiated in 1995 with the project “Homeopathy in Pediatrics” and has in the meantime been accomplished in the Children’s University Hospital, Munich. She is clearly a follower of the Vienna School of Homeopathy. She is actively involved in the supervision of the patients treated by the project team at the Children’s University Hospital. Sigrid Kruse was born 1965 in Sindelfingen, Germany and studied medicine in Tübingen. The PHD (doctoral thesis) was aquired by a study on conventional treatment versus homeopathic treatment in acute otitis media in children. She was trained in homeopathy especially by Prof. Mathias Dorcsi. Since 1995 she leads the Department of Homeopathy in the Children’s University Hospital Munich. Sigrid Kruse received an award by the Karl and Veronica Carstens Foundation in the year 2002 for the first successful integration of homeopathy into an University Pediatric Hospital. Dr Katharina Adam Prof Dr Mathias Dorcsi, (1923 – 2001) Prof. Dr. Mathias Dorcsi founded the Vienna School of Homeopathy and was Primarius of the department of physical therapy in the Hietzing Hospital in Vienna. He introduced homeopathic therapy into several hospitals and outdoor wards in Vienna. He was invited to start research on homeopathy and on this behalf he was presented an award by the LudwigBoltzmann-Institut. 1975-1989 he initiated and led the so-called “intensive” courses in Homeopathy in Baden near Vienna. Since 1985 he had a chair for Homeopathy in the Medical Faculty of Vienna where he regularly held lectures for medical students. In 1989 he came to Munich. 1995 – 2001 he supervised the project “Homeopathy in Pediatrics” in the Children’s University Hospital Munich. Katharina Adam was born in 1978 in Oeventrop, Germany and studied medicine in Greifswald. Her PHD (doctoral thesis) was on the benefit of crisis intervention. Since 2005 she is part of our team “Homeopathy in Pediatrics” at the Children’s University Hospital Munich while qualifying as a specialist for children. In the first year she was in the Department of Pediatric Oncology, now she is in the Neonatological Intensive Care Unit. Stefanie Schetzek Stefanie Schetzek was born in 1979 in Berlin, Germany and studied medicine in Berlin and Munich. During her medical studies she was actively engaged in organising homeopathy seminars for medical students. Since 2006 she is part of our team “Homeopathy in Pediatrics” in the Department of Pediatric Oncology in the Children’s University Hospital Munich during her education to pediatritian. 27 I NTERNATIONAL S YMPOSIUM “H OMEOPATHY IN CLINIC , PRACTICE AND RESEARCH ” AT THE C HILDREN ’ S U NIVERSITY H OSPITAL IN M UNICH very year in autumn the International Symposium “Homeopathy in clinic, practice and research” takes place in the Children’s University Hospital in Munich, organised by the children’s hospital and the registered association GLObulus e.V.: (“Association for the Promotion of Medical Homeopathy in Pediatric Clinics”). E The aims of the Symposium are the international exchange of experience and the presentation of new results of research in homeopathy and their discussion. The first International Symposium took place in 2002 in memoriam of Prof. Dr. Mathias Dorcsi, the second in honour of Dr. Veronica Carstens (Main topic: Neurology). Since the third symposium the dialogue between conventional and homeopathic medicine is in the centre of our interest. The aim is to encourage communication between homeopathic and allopathic medical doctors. We would like more acceptance of homeo- 28 pathy and its applications, particularly in other children’s hospitals for the best possible treatment of each single ill child. We invite you to visit our website: www.globulus.org for more information on our project and for the abstracts of the past five symposiums. Dr Mira Dorcsi-Ulrich Benderstrasse 7 D-81247 München e-mail: [email protected] Dr Sigrid Kruse Dr von Hauner Children’s Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Lindwurmstrasse 4 D-80337 München e-mail: [email protected] ON THE A RTICLE B ACKGROUND I NFORMATION H ISTORY OF A MERICAN H OMEOPATHY AND ITS I NSTITUTIONS BY DR MED DR PHIL Introduction Examining the reasons for the spreading of healing systems (including their personal and institutional infrastructure) brings up a question that unto this date no science department has been able to answer satisfactorily. Neither statistic proofs of efficacy nor philosophical syllogisms alone suffice, nor sociological, economical, psychological or similar points of view, to fully understand why homeopathy in the US for example witnessed such a powerful rise in the 19th century followed by such a dramatic fall in the 20th century. J OSEF M. S CHMIDT, PD asscociations, a free medical market and interested pharmaceutical companies and editors were not always and everywhere available to the same extent. Varying national configurations of factors like these resulted in an amazing time difference regarding the respective institutionalisation of homeopathy (in form of societies, training centres, hospitals, pharmacies, journals and text books), the professionalisation of homeopathic doctors (including their relations towards practicing homeopathic laymen) or official recognition. The history of homeopathy and its institutions in the US is in so A comparative study of far something special its history shows that as the seed of homeothe spreading of homepathic medicine – havopathic medicine ing travelled over the founded by HahneAtlantic in the 1820s – mann and left to us in produced the most imcanonical form pressive fruit world(Organon of the Art of wide until the end of the Healing) took place in 19th century in the soThe Allentown Academy, approx.1900 very different ways accalled land of unlimited (first homeopathic school in the US, cording to the cultural, opportunities. In 1898 founded 1835) scientific, religious, pothe US listed around 20 litical, economic and homeopathic colleges, 140 homeopathic hospitals, other basic conditions in each country and period. 57 homeopathic dispensaries, 9 national, 33 state No universal pattern of a seemingly linear world and 85 local homeopathic societies and 31 homehistory of homeopathy can therefore be deteropathic journals. mined. Although the arguments of advocates and This story of success, until then unsurpassed, could critics with regard to the contents always remained only be noted by European homeopaths from afar the same, charismatic doctor-personalities, benewith amazement and presumably with some envy volent rulers and patrons, politically active patient as well. 29 ON THE B ACKGROUND I NFORMATION H ISTORY OF A MERICAN H OMEOPATHY AND ITS I NSTITUTIONS Meanwhile the direction of the appreciating eye has again switched sides, presumably. Compared to the small number of around 100 nationally organised American homeopathic doctors today (in the AIH), homeopathy in Europe, in Germany in particular, has slowly reached a more stable status in the long term (German Central Association of homeopathic Physicians, supplementary title by the State Medical License Board, integral part of the medical license law, etc.) In founding their first national organisation, the American Institute of Homeopathy (1844), homeopathic doctors were even quicker than their colleagues of regular medicine who only joined in 1847 to form the American Medical Association (AMA) – as a reaction to homeopathic competition. The main reason for founding the AMA was, on the one hand, to regain – by introducing new standards of education – the respect conventional doctors had lost with the people, yet on the other, to demarcate themselves from The Medical homeopathic Market doctors with in the 19th whom they were Century henceforth not allowed to cooperThe perspective ate (consultation of the medical clause, code of market – as one ethics). These aspect among politics of exclumany – is a suitsion on the part of able lead-in to the complex and regular medicine, Hahnemann Hospital – Buffalo, N.Y. multifacetted however, favoured topic of the rise and fall of homeopathy in the US the spreading of h o m e o p a t h y rather than (as a background for understanding the appearharmed it. It helped homeopathic doctors to a corance and disappearance of several stupendous porate (heterodox) identity and to support by a homeopathic hospitals). From this perspective, great part of the population. homeopathy in the US at the beginning of the 19th Given the liberal American conditions in the midcentury had by far the best chances for a good start: dle of the 19th century, regular medicine – failing registration law for doctors had been eliminated to produce neither better cures nor a scientific bain the antimonopolistic spirit of the Andrew Jacksis for its treatment nor enjoying any national privson era henceforth allowing „irregular“ healers to ileges – seemingly was not able to come up with offer their treamtents on a legal basis. This regional anything better against homeopathic competition advantage created by politics enabled American than this questionable form of political fight. homeopathic doctors to establish their own sociHowever, when the first city hospitals were estabeties, colleges and later on hospitals from the very lished in the second half of the 19th century and start, instead of having to undergo painstaking endeavours – mostly to no avail – to obtain the recoghomeopaths demanded equal rights for filling the nition of nationally sanctioned Offices of Health, as wards, the joint defensive action of „regular“ docwas the case in Europe. tors proved efficient. Although most town admin- 30 ON THE B ACKGROUND I NFORMATION H ISTORY OF A MERICAN H OMEOPATHY AND ITS I NSTITUTIONS istrations agreed to assign about a fourth of the wards to homeopathic doctors, regular doctors managed to prevent these concessions with a threat of boycott until 1880 approximately. lem of how to preserve its identity in a world lacking the „heroic“ medicine, from which it had been able to strongly demarcate itself in former days, even more so as rigidly holding to dogmas in times of scientific discoveries did not seem to bear any future prospects. At that time state universities supported by tax money showed up as a second battlefield between On the one hand this dilemma resulted in the founhomeopathy and regular medicine. For a long time, dation of the International Hahnemannian Assoregular professors refused to continue teaching ciation (IHA) in 1881, with which the purists students attending supplementary courses given by among homeopaths distanced themselves from homeopaths, as this would have sufficed for betheir eclectic coling accused by leagues. On the the AMA of violatother hand, the ing the code of tendency of a ethics. In fact, number of reguprofessors in lar doctors to indanger of being terpret the ban on expelled in the cooperation with end had to defend their homeothemselves before pathic colleagues the AMA court of more and more arbitration with laxly, led to a arguments such Homeopathic Hospital, Iowa City, Ia split in regular as the following: medical profession in 1882 – it was only in 1903, not even the church punished representatives of after the old code of ethics of 1847 had been rea religious dogma for occasionally also preaching vised, that they reunited. to incidentally present unbelievers. The last decades of the 19th century even witnessed In the second half of the 19th century the two meda downright cooperation between regular and ical schools, existing apart from one another and homeopathic doctors – concerning the joint defighting against each other, gradually came closer. marcation from new medicinal „sects“ such as osRegular medicine dropped its heroic treatments of teopaths, chiropractors, Christian Science and othpast decades and increasingly prescribed single ers. It was agreed that a doctor’s license should remedies as well as lower medicinal doses and achenceforth only be granted to a person who had cepted a great number of substances from the passed an examination by certain (mixed or sephomeopathic Materia Medica for their own mediarate) boards made up of regular, homeopathic cine cabinets. On the other hand, more and more and eclectic doctors exclusively. homeopaths often turned to the same regular patent Already since the middle of the 19th century the inmedicines of unknown content in an empiric and terest of the numerous private colleges in training eclectic way as their „allopathic“ colleagues. as many (paying) students as possible clashed with After the 1870s the homeopathic medical profesthe interest of the medical profession to limit the sion therefore saw itself confronted with the probnumber of doctors and to standardise the training. 31 ON THE B ACKGROUND I NFORMATION H ISTORY OF A MERICAN H OMEOPATHY AND ITS I NSTITUTIONS With this continuous stalemate the level of medical education remained alarmingly low for a long time. Finally, around the end of the century, the following joint objectives crystallised in medical societies, license boards and a leading block of colleges: Raising of admission requirements, specification of curricula, closing of the financially weakest private schools and a reduction in the number of graduates. ical colleges (166 colleges in 1904) to 31. At the same time „The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching“ conducted a complementary study. The results published by Abraham Flexner in 1910 (Flexner Report) produced farreaching consequences. Due to the newly determined standard based on the model of Johns Hopkins Medical School (established in 1893) the majority of existing colleges henceforth lost their right to exist. Apparently 20 The Reform schools even of Medical closed before the Education report was published to avoid in the 20th being mentioned Century at all. Further 92 The nationwide schools merged reform movement with others or for of medical educaever closed their tion that followed doors between was mostly Homeopathic Hospital – Ann Arbor, Michigan 1904 and 1915 favoured by the facing the disexpansion of the cities, the growth of communicrepancy between the new standards and their fication means and the impression left by the scinancial options – among them many homeopathic entific success of medicine in Germany and France colleges and almost all „black“ colleges. Since no where there were considerably less medicinal facpossible role for smaller colleges was considered, ulties, yet considerably more fulltime professors. practically all financial means were focused on the Financially the reform became possible thanks to extension of the big renowned universities. Almajor foundations of American philanthropists though fund contributions were reduced during emerging a the turn of the century, the most imthe Great Depression the modern structure of big, portant being the Carnegie Foundation (1906) and well equipped medical centres had been irrevothe Rockefeller Foundation (1913). While e. g. all cably established by then. medical colleges together owned around US$ In spite of the fact that John D. Rockefeller senior 500.000 in 1891, in contrast, nine foundations dounderwent homeopathic treatment and explicitly nated alone US$ 150 million to medical institutes stated in his letters that homeopathic colleges between 1903 and 1934. should continue existing, his son together with his From 1906 to 1907 the „AMA Council on Medical consultants Starr J. Murphy and Frederick T. Gates Education“ had their representatives and those of distributed the millions of the foundation in such the license offices visit individual colleges and rank a way that not a single homeopathic college was them into quality classes. This was based on the favoured. A total of approximately US$ 600 mildeclared objective to reduce the number of med- 32 ON THE B ACKGROUND I NFORMATION H ISTORY OF A MERICAN H OMEOPATHY AND ITS I NSTITUTIONS lion went into the reform of regular medical colleges until 1960. In contrast, the means of the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia amounted to a total of US$ 325.000 in 1921 and those of the Hahnemann College of Chicago to US$ 537.000. Both were the homeopathic colleges that lasted the longest. and the option of establishing smaller medical colleges. Politics that the AMA also had an influence on determined the course for medicine of the 20th century. It is marked by an increasing specialisation, high-tech medicine, an emphasis on palliative and emergency medicine, an interlacing with the pharmaceutical-technical industry, governmental subsidies, international options of standardisation and last not least a strict time economy that is reflected in the relatively low fees for medical conversation. The one-sided orientation towards a unified medicine that is taught in ever bigger hospitals neglects to consider the necessity of alternative approaches Retrospectively, due to the poor sources, it is hard to determine in how far the numerous hospitals managed by homeopathic doctors and societies actually deserved the term „homeopathic“ in those days of syncretism and eclecticism. Given the fact that even today in times of gold standards, guidelines and quality controls genuine puristic homeopathy is by no means the only treatment in all hospitals and offices that call themselves homeopathic, a certain restraint in one’s opinion seems to be appropriate. Homeopathic Hospitals These are more or less the big lines constituting the setting for the rise and fall of homeopathy and its institutions in the US. Besides the relatively trouble-free, unbureaucratic establishment of homeCritics of the political decisions of those days toopathic societies, journals, colleges and hospitals day speak of an „anti-homeopathic bias“ in the during the entire 19th century, the growing closeFlexner Report. In their opinion the criteria of the ness of both then constituted schools, particumedical stanlarly from the dards put in par1880s onwards, ticular homeohad enabled pathic colleges at homeopaths to a disadvantage send graduates and that Flexner from homeohimself openly pathic colleges to took sides against city hospitals (or homeopathy in Homeopathic Hospital – Rochester, N.Y. individual his report which wards), enter millater served as a itary service or work in mixed license boards. Apart guideline for foundations in their decisions refrom a few exceptions regular and homeopathic garding the support deserved by individual procolleges offered a fairly comparable education jects. Out of 22 homeopathic colleges in 1900, 10 (leaving a great deal to be desired in both), eswere left in 1913, 5 in 1919, and 2 in 1923 – both pecially as the subject matter solely differed in rewere to stop their courses in homeopathy within gards to homeopathic therapeutics and materia the next decades to come. The last homeopathic medica. diploma was issued in Philadelphia in 1950. 33 ON THE B ACKGROUND I NFORMATION H ISTORY OF A MERICAN H OMEOPATHY AND ITS I NSTITUTIONS Florence Ward may serve as an example of a seemingly „typical“ homeopathic carreer at the turn of the century. She graduated from Hahnemann Medical College in San Francisco in 1887 and after several postgraduate studies in Europe opened her own Florence Ward Sanatorium in San Francisco as a surgeon in 1911. as non-material support they closed their doors or merged with regular medical institutions – usually on condition that the „sectarian“ term „homeopathic“ was dismissed. One of the longest lasting „homeopathic“ hospitals for example was the Hahnemann Hospital in San Francisco. It managed to keep its name in spite Although she was regarded as a homeopath all her of merging with the University of California in 1918. life and was even elected first female vice president In 1975 it was renamed Marshal Hale Memorial of the AIH, strangely enough not one of the many Hospital in honour of the sponsor of the third new clinical articles building. In 1988 she published in it merged with homeopathic the neighbouring journals, contains Children’s Hospia reference to a tal which again homeopathic prejoined the Presscription nor to byterian Hospital homeopathy itself. in 1991 to form It is most probatoday’s California ble that this extraPacific Medical ordinary woman Center. Homeoand threefold pathy has ceased Homeopathic Hospital – Rochester, N.Y. mother who beto be practiced came Fellow of the American College of Surgeons there since many decades. in 1915 was primarily geared towards the carreer as a surgeon and only completed the compulsory Outlook four years of medical school at a homeopathic colInspite of the fact that all important institutions and lege because women did not have many alternabuildings have disappeared, homeopathy contintives to turn to in those days. At least her later pracues to be alive in the US, although in reduced form tical-therapeutic work did not seem to differ much and in different ways. In order to prevent a comfrom that of her „regular“ colleagues – and if so plete disappearance of homeopathy Julia M. Green – only marginally. established the American Foundation of Homeopathy in 1921, together with a group of homeThe contrast between regular and homeopathic inopaths working with high potencies. Its major aim stitutions became more and more blurred due to was the organization of postgraduate homeopathic the increasing approximation of the subject mattraining for allopathic doctors. However, as she ters of its colleges and the reglementation of techalso agreed to include laymen, the AIH refused to nical standards in hospitals. Thus fate would have cooperate and the demand on the part of the docit that homeopathic hospitals experienced the same tors she had hoped for did not arise. downfall as the homeopathic colleges after the Flexner Report (1910). In lack of material as well 34 ON THE B ACKGROUND I NFORMATION H ISTORY OF A MERICAN H OMEOPATHY AND ITS I NSTITUTIONS When homeopathy reachedi ts bottom in the midin Berkeley/California in the 1970s which – due to dle of the 20th century, in 1959 the IHA rejoined several intermediate stages of fragmentation among the AIH after having split off the parent organisahis students – led on to a general debate on hometion in 1881. Meanwhile homeopathic colleges had opathy. Reflecting our modern times it generated vanished from the new sources in medical scene the internet and even at the (www.grundlafew state universigen-praxis.de). ties, where chairs In this respect the for homeopathic history of homelectures had been opathy has not established for come to an end some time, most for a long time students lost their yet. interest. When it became clear that References homeopathy was Josef M. Schmidt: Die not able to recruit Entwicklung der Homöopathie in den itself from the Vereinigten Staaten. medical profesGesnerus 51 (1994) sion alone, the 84–100. National Center Josef M. Schmidt: Die for Homeopathy Ve r b r e i t u n g d e r (founded in Homöopathie in den USA. In: Homöopathie 1974) declared 1796–1996. Eine homeopathy as Heilkunde und ihre „Postgraduate Geschichte. Berlin Specialty of Med1996, S. 101–114. icine Practiced by Teaching staff of the Homeopathic College Josef M. Schmidt: Licensed Health Homeopathy in the of Philadelphia (1903) American West: its GerCare Professionman Connections. In: Culture, Knowledge, and Healing. Historals“ in 1980. Including registered, non-medical ical Perspectives of Homeopathic Medicine in Europe and North therapists in the professional „homeopathic comAmerica. Sheffield 1998, S. 139–172. munity“ and demarcating from uncontrolled laymen treatment at the same time, apparently proved to be the most promising strategy under the cirDr med Dr phil Josef M. Schmidt, PD cumstances given in order to reanimate homeInstitute of the History of Medicine opathy – a medicine that already had been declared University of Munich dead. Lessingstr. 2 The most recent development in US homeopathy began with the appearance of George Vithoulkas D-80336 München Germany 35 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA A RTICLE BY D R H EIKE G YPSER he following – presumably incomplete – list may give a first impression of the multitude of homeopathic hospitals that were established in the US at the end of the 19th century. It was then that American homeopathy was at its peak and as popular with patients as orthodox medicine, as respected – or even preferred. T American homeopathy began with the Danish doctor Hans Burch Gram (1788-1840) who came to It was not only due to the initiative of doctors that these hospitals were established – T. F. Allen (18371902) for example strongly supported the Laura Franklin Free Hospital for Children – but also nonprofessional and women movements promoted the building of hospitals as well as numerous private donations that often included property or equipment. Apart from general hospitals special clinics for gynaecology, surgery, paediatrics and ophtalmology were founded. Homeopathic Hospital – Rochester, N.Y. New York City in 1825. Soon students had gathered around him and further homeopathic doctors from Europe followed so that homeopathy was able to spread out quickly. It was during the cholera epidemic of 1832 that the first homeopathic hospital was established in Philadelphia. However, as soon as the epidemic was over, it closed again. There was still some time to go until most of the homeopathic hospitals would open their doors. 36 Sometimes the realisation of this form of hospital met with resistance. Thus the decision to establish the Westboro Homeopathic Asylum for the Insane was made in 1815, but it was not until 1886 that it opened its doors. Some of the homeopathic training centres affiliated with hospitals such as the Hahnemann Medical College with the Hospital of Philadelphia, the Southern Homeopathic Medical College with the IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA Hospital of Baltimore, the New York Homeopathic Medical College with its Hospital, the Southwestern Homeopathic Medical College with the Hospital in Louisville and the Hering Medical College with the Hospital in Philadelphia. Many hospitals had so-called „Training Schools for Nurses“. In general, the hospital was managed by a „Board of Trustees“, consisting of doctors, in many cases. pathic Hospital in New Jersey or the Cook County Hospital in Illinois. With the downfall of American homeopathy at the beginning of the 20th century, however, the reverse case was more apparent. Thus, the Hahnemann University Hospital today still exists in Philadelphia, yet it is no longer a homeopathic hospital but merely carries a name indicating its former orientation. The number of beds ranged from a few to up to 800 in the Ward’s Island Hospital. The following survey shows the clinics listed according to states with the year referring to the opening date. Double entry of hospitals cannot be ruled out as names in the sources often appear twisted and fail to disclose whether they refer to the same hospital or to different institutions. In some cases, the opening year of the hospital could not be determined. The New York State Asylum for the Insane in Middletown even reported 2.046 beds in 1912. Some of the hospitals were established as traditional allopathic hospitals and then converted into homeopathic clinics, such as the Passaic Homeo- Alaska SIKITA MISSION HOSPITAL: 1890 Colorado ARAPAHOE COUNTY JAIL AND POOR HOUSE HOSPITAL: 1871 (hospital: opened 1871, homeopathic hospital in 1881 and from 1883-1884) DENVER HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1898 SICK BABIE’S SUMMER HOSPITAL, Denver Conneticut ELMCROFT, Enfield: 1890 DR GIVEN’S SANITARIUM: 1891 GRACE HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, New Haven: 1892 under construction and inaugurated CREST VIEW SANATORIUM, Greenwich: 1894 GREY TOWERS, Stamford 37 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA Delaware HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF DELAWARE: 1888 HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, WILMINGTON: 1888 Homeopathic Hospital – Wilmington, Del. District of Columbia NATIONAL HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION OF WASHINGTON: 1884 Florida HOMEOPATHIC DEPARTMENT OF ST. LUKE’S HOSPITAL, Jacksonville: 1878, closed 1888-1889 Illinois CHICAGO HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1854-1857 CHICAGO CITY HOSPITAL: 1857, planned as homeopathic hospital, but was taken over by the US army SCAMMON HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO later THE HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO: 1870 JOILET STATE PENITENTIARY HOSPITAL: 1878, was converted into an allopathic hospital shortly afterwards CHICAGO AND COOK COUNTY GENERAL HOSPITAL: 1882 CHICAGO SURGICAL INSTITUTE: 1884, 1885, only existed for a short time SOUTH SIDE HOME, Chicago: 1885, only existed for 3 years STREETER’S HOSPITAL, Chicago: 1888 STREETER’S PRIVATE HOSPITAL: 1890 BAPTIST HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO: 1891 WEST CHICAGO SANITARIUM, Chicago: 1892 SKILE’S ORIFICIAL SANITARIUM, Chicago: 1893 38 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA THE WORLD’S FAIR HOMEOPATHIC EMERCENCY HOSPITAL: 1893 ILLINOIS WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, Watertown: 1898 CHICAGO HOMEOPATHIC COLLEGE FRANCES WILLARD HOSPITAL THE COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL Indiana O.S. RUNNEL’S PRIVATE HOSPITAL, Indianapolis: 1891 Iowa WOMAN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION HOSPITAL, Council: 1883 HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL OF IOWA CITY: 1886 HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, Iowa City: 1887 ST. BERNHARD’S HOSPITAL, Council Bluffs: 1888 DES MOINES HOSPITAL AND INSTITUTE OF HOMEOPATHY: 1891, existed for a few months HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Iowa City California NEVADA CITY HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1854-1862 SAN FRANCISCO HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1881, was closed between1884-1885 HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL OF SAN FRANCISCO: 1887-1890 PHOEBE HEARST COTTAGE HOSPITAL: was meant to be a children’s hospital SAN FRANCISCO SURGICAL AND GYNAECOLOGICAL INSTITUTE: 1872, existed for a short time HOSPITAL OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN, San Diego: 1889 OAKLAND HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY ASSOCIATION, later THE FABIOLA HOSPITAL: 1876 STATE REFORM SCHOOL HOSPITAL, Los Angeles: 1891 SANTA BARBARA COTTAGE HOSPITAL: 1891 HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL OF THE CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO: the site for the hospital was aquired in 1891 THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA STATE ASYLUM FOR INSANE AND INEBRIATES, Patton: 1893 HOMOEOPATHIC SANITARIUM, San Francisco: 1896. HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL, San Francisco Kansas KANSAS SURGICAL HOSPITAL OF TOPEKA: 1882 WICHITA HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1889 KANSAS CITY HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1889 Kenntucky SOUTHWESTERN HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL: 1895 Louisiana NEW ORLEANS HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: the site was aquired in1892 39 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA Maine MAINE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1891 Maryland CARROLL SPRINGS SANITARIUM, Forest Glenn: 1887 MARYLAND HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Baltimore: 1890 MARYLAND HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Baltimore: 1890 BALTIMORE HOMOEOPATHIC SANITARIUM, Baltimore: 1893 DR IRVING MILLER’S SANITARIUM, Baltimore: 1895 DR BARNARD’S PRIVATE SANITARIUM, Baltimore: 1897 Hahnemann Hospital – Worcester, Mass. Massachusetts MASSACHUSETTS HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Boston: 1871 NEWTON COTTAGE HOSPITAL: 1886 WESTBORO HOMOEOPATHIC ASYLUM FOR INSANE: 1886 BOOTHBY SURGICAL HOSPITAL, Boston: 1889 MORTON HOSPITAL: 1889 MALDEN HOSPITAL, Malden: 1890 QUINCY HOSPITAL,Quincy: 1890 RUFUS S. FOREST GENERAL HOSPITAL, Chelsea: 1890 BOOTHBY’S HOSPITAL, Boston: 1891 SOMERVILLE HOSPITAL, Somerville: 1891 NEWTON NERVINE, Newton: 1892 40 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA NEWBURYPORT HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1893 WORCESTER HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1893 LOWELL GENERAL HOSPITAL, Lowell: 1893 NEWTON SANITARIUM, Newton: 1894 FRAMINGHAM NERVINE, Framingham: 1896 MASSACHUSETTS HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES AND TUBERCULAR DISEASES, Rutland: 1898 HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Newburryport WORCESTER HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL MURDOCH’S FREE SURGICAL HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN HAMPDEN HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, SPRINGFIELD Michigan HOSPITAL OF THE MICHIGAN STATE PRISON: 1859-1862, homeopathic hospital between 1872-1876 HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: 1878 DETROIT FREE HOSPITAL (GRACE HOSPITAL, primarily THE MCMILLAN AND NEWBERRY FREE HOSPITAL): 1888 HOSPITAL OF THE GRAND RAPIDS UNION BENEVOLENT HOME: 1891 REED CITY SANITARIUM, Reed City: 1895 HOMOEOPATHIC CLINICAL HOSPITAL, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Homeopathic Hospital – Ann Arbor, Michigan Minnesota STILLWATER HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1881 THE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF MINNEAPOLIS: 1883 MATERNITY HOSPITAL, Minneapolis: 1886 ST. PAUL HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1887 STATE HOSPITAL, Fergus Falls: 1890 MINNEAPOLIS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL INSTITUTE: 1890 41 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA Mississippi MISSISSIPPI STATE HOSPITAL AT NATCHES: from 1854 on, only existed for a short time Missouri PROTESTANT HOSPITAL OF ST.LOUIS later GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL OF ST.LOUIS: 1857 CALVARY BUREAU HOSPITAL, St. Louis or POST HOSPITAL, BENTON BARRACKS HOSPITAL: 1864, only existed only for a short time ORTHOPRAXIC INSTITUTE, ST. LOUIS: 1878, only existed for a short time ST. LOUIS CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL: 1880 THE CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL, ST. LOUIS: 1880 KANSAS CITY HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1889 WOMAN’S HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF MISSOURI: 1891 THE WOMEN’S HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF ST. LOUIS: 1891 THE FREE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF ST. LOUIS: 1896 THE STATE ASYLUM FOR INSANE AT FULTON: 1897-1901, was run as an allopathic institute THE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND TRAINING SCHOOL OF KANSAS CITY: 1900 Montana DR BLACKBURN’S HOSPITAL, Butte: 1892 New Jersey WEST NEW JERSEY HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Camden: 1877 PLAINFIELD SANITARIUM, Plainfield: 1879 CAMDEN HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY ASSOCIATION: 1885-1890 TRENTON HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Trenton: 1888 TRENTON CITY HOSPITAL: 1889 THE WILLIAM MCKINLEY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Trenton: 1889 BROOKSIDE RETREAT, Plainfield: 1889 ST. MARY’S HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Passaic: 1895 WEST JERSEY HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1892, formerly THE CAMDEN HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY ASSOCIATION THE PASSAIC HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1897 THE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF ESSEX COUNTY, Roseville: 1903 HAGENSACK HOSPITAL New York HOSPITAL OF THE PROTESTANT HALF-ORPHAN ASYLUM, New York: 1835, homeopathic hospital as of 1847 HOSPITAL OF THE AUBURN STATE PRISON: 1840, homeopathic hospital for a short time BROOKLYN HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL later THE BROOKLYN HOMOEOPATHIC DISPENSARY AND HOSPITAL: 1852 HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK: 1852 NEW YORK OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL: 1852, homeopathic hospital since 1867 CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL OF THE FIVE POINTS HOUSE OF INDUSTRY: 1856 LAIDSLAW’S PRIVATE HOSPITAL, New York: 1859 42 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN, New York: 1863 WOMAN’S INFIRMARY ASSOCIATION OF WASHINGTON HEIGHTS, New York: 1864, later affiliated with the WOMEN’S DEPARTMENT OF HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL BUFFALO INGLESIDE HOME AND HOSPITAL: 1869 HOSPITAL OF THE NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN: 1869 HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL, New York: 1870. NEW YORK HOMOEOPATHIC SURGICAL HOSPITAL (1874) and NEW YORK HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN (1875) later the HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL BROOKLYN HOMOEOPATHIC LYING-IN ASYLUM later THE BROOKLYN HOMOEOPATHIC MATERNITY: 1871 FLATBUSH INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AND NURSERY, later THE BROOKLYN NURSERY: 1871 BROOKLYN NURSERY AND INFANT’S HOSPITAL, Brooklyn: 1871 Homeopathic Hospital – Utica, N.Y. ALBANY CITY HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL later ALBANY CITY HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY: 1872 BUFFALO HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1872 ST. LUKE’S HOME AND HOSPITAL, Utica: 1872 MIDDLETOWN STATE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Middletown: 1874 FAXTON HOSPITAL, Utica: 1875 NEW YORK HOMOEOPATHIC CHARITY HOSPITAL, Ward’s Island: 1875 BROOKLYN WOMEN’S HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY, Brooklyn: before 1883 MEMORIAL HOSPITAL FOR WOMAN AND CHILDREN HELMUTH HOUSE, New York: 1886 THE LAURA FRANKLIN FREE HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN: 1886 BROOKLYN WOMEN’S HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY later THE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL: 1887 43 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA HOUSE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN DEACONESSES: 1887 CITY HOSPITAL, Binghamton: 1887 HARGOUS MEMORIAL HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL OF ROCHESTER: 1888 HAHNEMANN HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Rochester: 1889 ISABELLA HELMUTH HOSPITAL: 1889 ROCHESTER HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1889 ST. MARTHAS SANITARIUM AND DISPENSARY, Brooklyn: 1889 FLORENCE HOSPITAL OF NEW YORK CITY: 1890 FLOWER SURGICAL HOSPITAL, New York City or NEW YORK FREE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1890 Hahnemann Hospital – Buffalo, N.Y. LEXINGTON HEIGHTS HOSPITAL, Buffalo: 1890 METROPOLITAN HOSPITAL, Blackwell’s Island: 1894 HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, WARD’S ISLAND: ceased to exist after 1894 UTICA HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Utica: 1895 MUNCIE SANATORIUM, Brooklyn: 1895 SYRACUSE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Syracuse: 1896 HARLEM HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY: 1896 THE YONKERS HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND MATERNITY HOME: 1896 THE MT. VERNON HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1897 TWENTY-SIXTH WARD HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Brooklyn: 1899 MUNCIE SEASIDE SANITARIUM, Babylon: 1897 LIBERTY HOMOEOPATHIC SANITARIUM FOR TUBERCULOSIS, Liberty: 1898 44 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY, Mount Vernon: 1899 has not yet opened HARLEM HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, New York: 1899 has not yet opened UTICA CITY HOSPITAL HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Middletown HOMOEOPATHIC INSANE ASYLUM, Middletown HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Rochester NEW HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Albany MIDDLETOWN STATE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL Ohio: CLEVELAND HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL (LAKE STREET HOSPITAL): 1856, only existed for a few years ST. VINCENT’S HOSPITAL: 1860 WILSON STREET HOSPITAL, Cleveland: 1866 CLEVELAND PROTESTANT HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL (HURON STREET HOSPITAL): 1868 UNITED STATES MARINE HOSPITAL, Cleveland: 1869, was later converted into an allopathic hospital CLEVELAND WORKHOUSE HOSPITAL: 1870-1881 Homeopathic Maternity Hospital – Yonkers, N.Y. CINCINNATI OPHTHALMIC AND AURAL INSTITUTE: 1872 TOLEDO PROTESTANT HOSPITAL: 1877 CLEVELAND HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Cleveland: 1867 TOLEDO HOSPITAL, Toledo: 1874 OHIO HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN, CINNCINNATI later WOMEN’S FREE DISPENSARY ASSOCIATION OF CINNCINATI: 1882 MATERNITY HOSPITAL, Cleveland: 1891 45 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA DR C.E. SAWYER SANITARIUM, Marion: 1895 HOSPITAL OF THE STATE PENITENTIARY AT COLUMBUS: only for a short time a homeopathic hospital CLEVELAND HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL COLLEGE SIXTH AVENUE PRIVATE HOSPITAL, Columbus Oregon PORTLAND METHODIST HOSPITAL: 1886, 1886, homeopathic hospital since 1895 Pennsylvania CHOLERA HOSPITAL, Philadelphia: 1832 HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF PENNSYLVANIA later HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF THE HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA: 1852 LANCASTER ALMSHOUSE HOSPITAL: 1860 WAR HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA: 1862, closed after the war HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY OF PITTSBURGH: 1866 Homeopathic Hospital – Pittsburg, Pa. HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA: 1871-1886 PENNSYLVANIA HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN: 1877, affiliated with the HAHNEMANN COLLEGE HOSPITAL CHILDREN’S HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA: 1877 MEDICAL, SURGICAL AND MATERNITY HOSPITALS OF THE WOMEN’S HOMOEOPATHIC ASSOCIATION OF PENNSYLVANIA: 1882 EYE AND SURGICAL INSTITUTE, Philadelphia: 1886 GYNAECOLOGICAL HOSPITAL, Philadelphia: 1888 HAMST HOSPITAL, Erie: 1881 46 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA ST. VINCENT HOSPITAL: Erie: 1875 WALTER’S SANITARIUM, Walter’s Park: 1877 THE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITAL OF READING: 1887 HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITAL OF READING: 1891 READING HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL: 1891 THE WOMEN’S SOUTHERN HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA: 1895 ST. LUKE’S HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA: 1895 HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL, Scranton: 1897 Hahnemann Hospital – Scranton, Pa. ELMWOOD HALL, Elmhurst: 1898 EASTON SANITARIUM, Easton: 1894 WOMAN’S SOUTHERN HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Philadelphia: 1896 HAHNEMANN HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, SCRANTON: 1897 THE WEST PHILADELPHIA HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY: 1903 HARRISBURG HOSPITAL: later a homeopathic hospital CONVENT INFIRMARY OF BENEDICTINE SISTERS, Erie: a regular hospital, but the nurses offer homeopathic treatments ALLENTOWN HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL STATE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Allentown CHESTER HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Reading HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Scranton HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Pittsburgh 47 IN H OMEOPATHIC H OSPITALS THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA PENNSYLVANIA HOMOEOPATHIC STATE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE THE PENNSYLVANIA HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN J. LEWIS CROZER HOME AND HOSPITAL FOR INCURABLES Rhode Island RHODE ISLAND HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, Providence: 1881 Rhode Island Homeopathic Hospital – Providence, R.I. Vermont THE SPARHAW SANITARIUM, Burlington: 1887 Wisconsin PENNOYER SANITARIUM, Kenosha: 1889 Reference Bradford, T. L., Homoeopathic Bibliography of the United States. Philadelphia 1892 Haehl, R., Samuel Hahnemann, Vol. I. Leipzig 1922 King, W., History of Homoeopathy and its Institutions in America, Vol. I-IV., New York and Chicago 1905 Smith, T., Homoeopathic Organisations and Institutions in the United States, Transactions of the American Institute of Homoeopathy 55(1899) Original postcards from the collection of Dr K.-H. Gypser 48 Dr H. Gypser Schäferei 22 D-56653 Glees Germany P ICTURES OF P LANTS ON THE I NTERNET Brita’s Picture Gallery 4000 antique and modern pictures of plants as free download for your own personal non-commercial use: www.gudjons-apotheke.de © 2007 – All rights for download of pictures reserved by Labor Gudjons. Commercial use of these pictures for internet, print, TV or any other media only by special permission of Labor Gudjons. Private use of individual pictures and their distribution to patients and pharmacy clients by therapists and pharmacists is permitted with reference to its source. 49