switzerland - World Health Organization

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration
Last Updated: 2007-05-23
SWITZERLAND
Urinary iodine (µg/L)
Goitre
prevalence (%)
Level
Date
L
2005P
N
2004
L
N
L
L
L
S
1999P
1999
1997 -1998
1997
1995
1994
Region and sample descriptor
Sex
Age
(years)
Sample
size
Grade
1
Grade
2
Distribution (%)
TGP
<20
20-49
50-99
100-299
>300
Jona: SAC
B
6.00 - 12.99
534
1.0
National: SAC
B
F
6.00 - 12.99
NS
386
279
4.0
National: PW
Bern and Ticino cantons: All: Total
B
All by canton: Bern
B
All by canton: Ticino
B
All by location: Bern city
B
All by location: Blenio Valley
B
All by location: Chiasso city
B
All by location: Emmental region
B
All by location: Maggia Valley
B
All by location: Verzasca Valley
B
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
167
67
100
34
27
28
33
28
17
National: SAC: Total
B
National: PW
F
SAC by sex
F
SAC by sex
M
SAC by age
B
SAC by age
B
6.00 - 12.99
NS
6.00 - 12.99
6.00 - 12.99
6.00 - 9.99
10.00 - 12.99
600
511
296
304
289
308
Engadine Valley and Lake Zürich area: SAC: Total
B
SAC by location: Engadine Valley
B
SAC by location: Lake Zürich area
B
5.00 - 13.99
5.00 - 13.99
5.00 - 13.99
243
112
131
Lausanne: SAC
B
Solothurn: SAC
B
6.00 - 16.99
6.00 - 16.99
215
208
Lausanne: SAC
B
Lausanne: SAC: Total
B
SAC by sex
F
SAC by sex
M
11.00 - 17.99
11.00 - 17.99
11.00 - 17.99
11.00 - 17.99
279
297
126
153
14.7
23.8
7.2
0.3
0.0
0.7
15.0
23.8
7.9
Solothurn canton: SAC
B
Solothurn canton: SAC: Total
B
6.00 - 11.99
6.00 - 11.99
6.00 - 11.99
6.00 - 11.99
214
217
114
103
12.9
12.3
13.6
0.9
1.7
0.0
13.8
14.0
13.6
SAC by sex
F
SAC by sex
M
Notes
Prevalence (%)
<100
24.0
Median
Mean
SD
Reference General
Line
116.0
5175
*
1
141
249
5292
*
2
*
4
1206
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
31
39.5
43.9
35.2
38.4
40.6
55.3
2.5
9.0
45.1
56.6
115
138
109
118
117
110
2662
96
96
97
113
114
111
150
151
161
161
92
100
110
117
87
68
101
*
1208
*
5291
*
47
1207
*
*
58
1212
*
*
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
13
14
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration
Last Updated: 2007-05-23
SWITZERLAND
Urinary iodine (µg/L)
Goitre
prevalence (%)
Level
Date
S
1988
Region and sample descriptor
Sex
Bern canton: SAC
B
Bern canton: SAC
B
SAC by sex
F
SAC by sex
M
Age
(years)
7.00 - 16.99
7.00 - 16.99
7.00 - 16.99
7.00 - 16.99
Sample
size
245
1107
581
526
Grade
1
Grade
2
Distribution (%)
TGP
<20
20-49
50-99
100-299
Notes
Prevalence (%)
>300
<100
Median
Mean
SD
Reference General
1211
11.8
12.9
9.8
0.3
0.5
0.2
11.1
12.9
9.1
Line
*
*
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
15
NOTES
SWITZERLAND
Reference no
5175
General Notes:
Sample comprised of SAC from Jona (sample part of a multiethnic study); goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database.
Line note 1
Mean age (SD): 9.6 (1.9) years, UI median range: 2-450 µg/L
Reference no
5292
General Notes:
Facility based study (schools for SAC and hospitals and private clinics for PW); PW in 2nd and 3rd trimester; three-stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size; same
survey reported in reference No. 5442.
Mean age: 9.9 years.
Line note 2
Line note 3
Mean age: 29.1 years. UI <140 µg/L: 23.0%
Reference no
1206
General Notes:
Survey in 4 sites in canton Ticino and 2 sites in canton Bern; UI expressed in µg/g creatinine, values reported in the respective line notes.
Line note 4
UI mean (SD): 101(17) µg/g Cr
Line note 5
UI mean (SD): 95 (5) µg/g Cr
Line note 6
UI mean (SD): 104 (22) µg/g Cr
Line note 7
UI mean (SD): 92 (48) µg/g Cr
Line note 8
UI mean (SD): 96 (32) µg/g Cr
Line note 9
UI mean (SD): 79 (37) µg/g Cr
Line note 10
UI mean (SD): 99 (53) µg/g Cr
Line note 11
UI mean (SD): 130 (73) µg/g Cr
Line note 12
UI mean (SD): 110 (152) µg/g Cr
Reference no
2662
General Notes:
Facility based study (schools for SAC, hospitals and private clinics for PW); PW mainly 2nd and 3rd trimester; three-stage probability proportionate to size cluster sampling; goitre
investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database; additional information on disaggregated data provided by investigators; same survey reported in reference No. 5292.
UI <50 µg/L: 8.5%. Mean age: 9.5 years.
Line note 13
Line note 14
Mean age: 29.5 years.
Reference no
1208
General Notes:
Sample comprised SAC from the Engadine Valley and 4 sites in Lake Zürich area.
Reference no
5291
General Notes:
Sample comprised of SAC from 2 cities, Lausanne and Solothurn; 4 children excluded due to excess urinary iodine level (UI >500 µg/L); goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not
included in the database.
Reference no
1207
General Notes:
Sample comprised SAC from Lausanne, canton Vaud; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database.
Reference no
1212
General Notes:
Sample comprised SAC from the canton of Solothurn (municipalities included: Bellach, Biberist, Deitingen, Langendorf, Luterbach and Solothurn city).
Reference no
1211
General Notes:
Sample comprised SAC from the canton of Bern (6 previous known endemic areas included: Bern city, Konolfingen, Seftigen, Thun, Niedersimmental and Obersimmental); UI expressed in
µg/g creatinine, values reported in the respective line notes.
UI median: 141.8 µg/g Cr, UI mean (SD): 159.6 879.6) µg/g Cr
Line note 15
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
REFERENCES
SWITZERLAND
Reference 1206
Solcà B, Jaeggi-Groisman SE, Saglini V, Gerber H. Iodine supply in different geographical areas of Switzerland: comparison between rural and urban populations in the Berne and the
Ticino regions. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999, 53 :754-755.
Reference 1207
Fleury Y, Van Melle G, Woringer V, Temler E, Gaillard RC, Portmann L. Apport iodé et prévalence du goitre chez le canton de Vaud [Iodine nutrition and prevalence of goiter in
adolescents in the Canton of Vaud]. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1999, 129 :1831-1838.
Reference 1208
Zimmermann MB, Hess S, Zeder C, Hurrell RF. Urinary iodine concentrations in Swiss schoolchildren from the Zurich area and the Engadine valley.
Wochenschrift, 1998, 128 :770-774.
Reference 1211
Supersaxo Z, Selz B, Hasler P, Wespi HJ, Abelin T, Bürgi H. Ist die Kochsalzjodierung noch nötig? Neuere Unterschungen über die Jodversorgung in der Schweiz [Is iodination of
cooking salt still necessary: current studies on iodine supply in Switzerland]. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1991, 121 :317-323.
Reference 1212
Hoang Truong T, Gerber H, Haenel AF, Bürgi H. Jodversorgung in verschiedenen Lebensphasen und sonographische Schilddrüsenvolumina bei Schulkindern in einer Gegend der
Schweiz [Iodine supply at various periods in life and ultrasonographic thyroid volume in school children in a region of Switzerland]. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1997,
127 :715-721.
Reference 2662
Hess SY, Zimmermann MB, Torresani T, Burgi H, Hurrell RF. Monitoring the adequacy of salt iodization in Switzerland: a national study of school children and pregnant women.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2001, 55 :162-166.
Reference 5175
Zimmermann MB, Ito Y, Hess SY, Fujieda K, Molinari L. High thyroid volume in children with excess dietary iodine intakes.
Reference 5291
Bürgi H, Portmann L, Podoba J, Vertongen F, Srbecky M. Thyroid volumes and urinary iodine in Swiss school children, 17 years after improved prophylaxis of iodine deficiency.
European Journal of Endocrinology, 1999, 140 :104-106.
Reference 5292
Zimmermann MB, Aeberli I, Torresani T, Burgi H. Increasing the iodine concentration in the Swiss iodized salt program markedly improved iodine status in pregnant women and
children: a 5-y prospective national study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005, 82 :388-392.
Schweizerische Medizinische
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005, 81 :840-844.
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
SWITZERLAND
Reference 381
Bürgi H, Supersaxo Z, Dürig P. Status of iodine nutrition in Switzerland. In: Delange F et al., eds. Iodine deficiency in Europe. A continuing concern. New York, Plenum
Press, 1993 :367-371.
Reference 541
Bürgi H, Supersaxo Z, Selz B. Iodine deficiency diseases in Switzerland one hundred years after Theodor Kocher's survey: a historical review with some new goitre
prevalence data. Acta Endocrinologica, 1990, 123 :577-590.
Reference 546
Bürgi H, Rutishauser R. Iodization of salt and its surveillance. In: Dunn JT et al., eds. Towards the eradication of endemic goiter, cretinism, and iodine deficiency.
Washington, DC, Pan American Health Organization, 1986 :155-165.
Reference 1205
Bürgi H, Kohler M, Morselli B. Thyrotoxicosis incidence in Switzerland and benefit of improved iodine supply.
Reference 1210
Lüthy J. The development of a nutrition policy in Switzerland.
Reference 1213
Als C, Lüscher D, Gerber H, Brander L, Lauber K, Rösler H. Warum besteht erneut und noch immer Jodmangel in der Region Bern? [Why is iodine deficiency once
again present in the Berne region?]. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1997, 127 :18-22.
Reference 1214
Bürgi H. Kropfprophylaxe mit jodiertem Kochsalz in der Schweiz: eine kurze Bilanz [Goiter prevention with iodized table salt in Switzerland: a brief review].
Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin Praxis/Revue Suisse de Médecine Praxis, 1986, 75 :125-127.
Reference 1311
Baltisberger BL, Minder CE, Burgi H. Decrease of incidence of toxic nodular goitre in a region of Switzerland after full correction of mild iodine deficiency.
Journal of Endocrinology, 1995, 132 :546-549.
Reference 3397
Bürgi H. Jodversorgung der Schweizerischen Bevölkerung. In: Keller U et al, eds. Vierter Schweizerischer Ernährungsbericht, Quatrième Rapport sur la Nutrition en
Suisse. Bern, Bundesambt für Gesundheit, 1998 64-73.
Reference 4733
Als C, Haldimann M, Minder C, Gerber H. Pilot study of urinary iodine concentration and of biochemical thyroid parameters before and after cautious public health
intervention on salt iodide content: the Swiss longitudinal 1996-2000 iodine study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004, 58 :1201-1210.
Reference 5295
Als C, Haldimann M, Burgi E, Donati F, Gerber H, Zimmerli B. Swiss pilot study of individual seasonal fluctuations of urinary iodine concentration over two years: is agedependency linked to the major source of dietary iodine?. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003. 57 :636-646.
Reference 5398
Brander L, Als C, Buess H, Haldimann F, Harder M, Hanggi W, Herrmann U, Lauber K, Niederer U, Zurcher T, Burgi U, Gerber H. Urinary iodine concentration during
pregnancy in an area of unstable dietary iodine intake in Switzerland. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 2003, 26 :389-396.
Reference 5442
Zimmermann MB. Versorgung von Jod und Fluorid bei Kindern und schwangeren Frauen. In: Eichholzer M et al,. Fünfter Schweizerischer Ernährungsbericht
[Cinquième rapport sur la nutrition en suisse] 2005. Bern, BAG OFSP UFSP SFOPH, 2005
Lancet, 1998, 352 :1034.
Nutrition Reviews, 1997, 55 :S29-S31.
European
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency