Breeding, Reproduction and Foaling 1

Transcription

Breeding,
Reproduction
and Foaling 1
Florentina Roth
abort
abortifacient
to give birth prematurely to a dead fetus
a drug that causes abortion
to remove a dead fetus as a veterinary
procedure
abortion
The acrosome is an organelle that develops
over the anterior half of the spermatozoon's
head. In Eutherian mammals the acrosome
contains digestive enzymes
acrosome
afterbirth
s. Plazenta
the clear fluid that surrounds a fetus in a
mare's womb
amniotic fluid
clitoris
colostrum
corpus luteum hormone,
progesterone
embryo
embryo transfer
embryogeny
embryonal
endometrium
estrogene
falopian tube, splpinx,
oviduct
fetus
follicle
Abort herbeiführen
Akrosom
Nachgeburt
Fruchtwasser
The cervix is actually the lower, narrow portion
of the uterus where it joins with the top end of
Zervix
the vagina. It is occasionally called "cervix
uteri", or "neck of the uterus".
cervix
ejeculate
ejeculation
Abort
Abortivum
the small part of the external genitals of the
mare; located just within the vulva at the base
of the vagina; contains erectile tissue and is
exposed during "winking" of the vulva when
the mare is in estrus
the first milk a mare produces; it is very thick
bright yellow to orange in color and contains
proteine globulin, which gives the foal
immunity against infection in ist early days; it
is produced the first 24 hours after birth of the
foal
a hormone, secreted by the corpus luteum of
the female ovaries, which prepares the uterus
for a fertilized ovum as well as the mammary
glands for milk secretion
semen from a stallion
emission of semen from a stallion
the earliest or undeveloped stage of the fetus
up to 40 days after conception
the transfer of a fertilized ovum from the
uterus of one mare to the uterus of anoter for
gestation
the formation and development of the embryo
Klitoris
Kolostrum
Gelbkörperhormone,
Progesteron
Ejakulat
Ejakulation
Embryo
Embryotransfer
Embryogenese
1. Relating to an embryo; 2. At an undeveloped
embryonal
or early stage
the mucous lining of the uterine cavity
Gebärmutterschleimhaut
the mare's sex hormone manufactured by the
Östrogen
ovaries; influences outward sexual behavior
and changes in the estrons cycle
either of two uterine tubes through which an
ovum travels from the ovary to the uterus. It
connects the ovary with the uterus
an unborn offspring from the 41st day after
conception to birth
a small grand or cavity from which secretions
are generated, such as that in which an ovum
develops
Page 1
Eileiter
Fetus
Follikel
Copyright 2. Jahrgang Pferdewissenschaften Wien
a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland of
both mare and stallion; stimmulates the
development of ova-producing follicles in the
mare and growth of sperm in a stallion
the horse's total genetic makeup
sexual drive or instinct
milk-secreting gland in the female
an unfertilized egg cell
the development of an egg cell
removal of one of both testicles
inflammation of a testicle
a surgical operation to remove an ovary
either of two reproductive glands in the mare
that produce eggs
The 24- to 28-hour period in a mare's
reproductive cycle when the ovum is
discharged from the ovary
a mare's egg, which, after fertilization by the
stallion, develops into an embryo
the male reproduction organ
follicle stimulating
hormone
genotype
libido
mamma
oocyte
oogenesis
orchiectomy
orchitis
ovariectomy
ovary
ovulation
ovum
penis
FSH
Genotyp
Libido
Euter
Oozyte
Oogenese
Hodenentfernung
Hodenentzündung
Eierstockentfernung
Eierstock (s. Ovar)
Eisprung (s. Ovulation)
Eizelle
Penis
placenta
an membrane that connects an unborn fetus by
the umbilical cord to the mother's uterine wall; Plazenta
It is expelled after birth (s. Nachgeburt)
progesterone
hormone involved in the female menstrual
cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and
embryogenesis
Progesteron
semen
the fluid secreted by the male reproductive
organs and containing spermatozoa
Samen
spermatozoon (-zoa, pl.)
the male reproductive cell found in semen
Spermie
s. Eierstock
s. Eisprung
testicle, testis
testosterone
umbilical cord
uterine atrophy
uterus
either of a pair of male sex glands contained
within the scrotum, they secrete spermatozoa
and testosterone
male sex hormone by the tests
Ovar
Ovulation
Hoden
Testosteron
a thick, tough cord that extends from the navel
of the embyo or fetus to the mare's placenta
Nabelschnur
and serves to convey nourishment to the
embryo or fetus and carry away waste fom it
the degeneration of the endometrium
a mare's womb which houses the feus from
comception to birth
Gebärmutteratrophie
Gebärmutter
vagina
a canal in the mare leading from the vulva to
the uterus, in which copulation takes place
Vagina
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina, characterized by a
purulent discharge
Vaginitis
yellow tissue formed in the ovary after the
yellow body, corpus luteum ovum is discharged; if the ovum is fertilized
this tissue secretes the hormone progesterone
zygote
Gelbkörper
a cell that is the result of fertilization;That is,
two haploid cells—usually (but not always) an
ovum from a female and a sperm cell from a
Zygote
male—merge into a single diploid cell called the
zygote; Animal zygotes undergo mitotic cell
divisions to become an embryo
Page 2
Nina Engel, Stefanie
Schauer
Ancestry
Anomaly
Artificial Insemination
(A.I.)
Barrenness
Barren mare
beestings
Bloodline
Brand
Breed
Breeding aim
Sequence of blood relatives
Breeding district
Breeding selection
Certificate of origin
Chilled semen
Colt
Confirmation of identity
Dam
Ancestors of a horse
Deviation from normal
Insemination of raw, chilled or frozen semen
with a insemination pipette
Lack of pregnancy at the end of the season,
but perfectly capable of producing a foal, as
demonstrated in previous years
Mare that was covered by a stallion did not get
fertilized
The area where a special breed is kept and
engendered
Selection of horses that conform to the
breeding aims
Certificate that proofs the accuracy of the
origin of a horse
Semen that is extended prior to use
Male foal
Certificate that proves the accuracy of the
origin of a horse
Mare that is used for reproduction
Ahnen
Anomalie
Künstliche Besamung
Nicht trächtig am Ende
eines Zuchtjahres
Nicht befruchtete Stute
Biestmilch
Blutlinie
Brand
Rasse
Zuchtziel
Zuchtbezirk
Zuchtauslese
Abstammungsbescheinigun
g
Frischsperma
Hengstfohlen
Identitätsnachweis
Zuchtstute
Donor mare
Mare that is actually covered by a stallion or
Spenderstute
artificially inseminated and donates the embryo
Engender, to
Fertile
à fertilisation
Able to produce a live foal
Fertilisation
Reproduction recreational artificial manipulative
Befruchtung
affiliation of a spermatozoon with an oogenoon
Filly
Foal-Heat
Foaling
Female foal
First heat after foal is born
Giving birth to a foal
Foster mother
Mare that nurses a foal that has lost its mother Amme
Foundation colours
Frozen Semen
Geld, to
Gene
Generation
Halter breaking
Hippomane
Identical twins
Inborn defect
Infertility
Inheritance
Labour
Lactation
Licensed stallion
Line breeding
Live-foal rate
Befruchten
Fruchtbar
Stutfohlen
Fohlenrosse
Ein Fohlen gebären
Angeborene Farben
Semen that is frozen to achieve prolonged
storage
To remove a stallions testicles
Entirety of all traceable ancestry
Getting a foal used to the halter and being
handled by humans
Accumulation of waste minerals within the
allantois
Defect in the genes
A temporary inability to reproduce
Abdominal muscle contractions
Giving milk
Stallion that has the license for breeding
Line Breeding is the process whereby relatives
are bred to one another
Number of mares foaling per number of mares
bred over the season
Page 3
Gefriersperma
Kastrieren
Gen
Ahnenreihe
Ein Fohlen ans Halfter
gewöhnen, zähmen
Fohlenbrot
Eineiige Zwillinge
Erbfehler
Vorrübergehende
Unfruchtbarkeit
Erbanlage
Wehen
Laktation
Gekörter Hengst
Liniezucht
Geburtenrate
Maiden
Mammary glands
Mare that has never been covered
Glands in the udder of the mare
Maidenstute
Milchdrüsen
Masturbation
Masturbation by a stallion is considered by
some to be a further vice, thought to originate
from boredom, especially if sexually frustrated
Masturbieren
Mating
Maturity
Meconium
Navel
Nurse,to
Offspring
When a stallion covers a mare
Sexually mature
Scar of the umbilial cord
A mare giving milk to her foal
1) evolution of one variety out of another 2)
kinsmanlike relationship of one individual with
its parents
Delivering a foal
Origin
Parturition
Pedigree selection
Pregnancy
When a mare is carrying a foal
Number of mares pregnant on a specified day,
expressed per oestrus cycle or per breeding
season
Semen that is undiluted
Person who raises you horses
Raising young horses
Mare that receives the embryo
Mare that has been covered by a stallion
Marking a horse for identification with a torrid
iron
Federation that administrates every aspect that
deals with horse breeding
Pregnancy rate
Raw Semen
Rearer
Rearing
Recipient mare
Served mare
Single,to
Society of breeders
Species
Test for stallions where they need to fulfil
certain criteria in order to get a license for
mating
A permanent inability to reproduce
Fetal death after day 300
book in which all needed data about all
breeding horses are recorded
Stallion licensing
Sterility
Stillborn
Stud-book
Inability to reproduce at full potential, may be
temporary or permanent
Subfertility
Twin pregnancy
Manipulating the timing of oestrus- mainly to
ease mare management
Abdominal girth
Use of a stallion to encourage a mare to
demonstrate oestrus behaviour under
controlled conditions
Board, often made of wood and ideally twice
the length of the horses. Mare and stallion are
introduced on one side of the board and their
reactions monitored.
Mare is carrying two foals
Udder
Pairs of mammary glands in the iliac region
Synchronization of oestrus
Tape measure
Teasing
Trying board /teasing
board
Umbilical cord
Umbilical hernia
Weaning
Yearling
twin pregnancy
Narrow, tube-like structure that connects the
developing baby to the placenta
Abnormal bulge that can be seen or felt at the
umbilicus (belly button)
To separate the foal from its mother, usually
foals are weaned at 6 months
One year old horse
when two ovums were fertilized and two
embryos will grow
Page 4
Decken
Geschlechtsreife
Fohlenpech
Nabel
säugen
Nachzucht
Abstammung
Ein Fohlen gebären
Abstammungszuchtwahl
Trächtigkeit
Trächtigkeitsrate
Nativsperma
Aufzüchter
Aufzucht
Empfängerstute
Gedeckte Stute
Das Brennen
Zuchtverband
Gattung
Hengstkörung
Unfruchtbar /Steril
Fehlgeburt
Zuchtbuch
Unfähigkeit die volle
Zuchtleistung zu erbringen
Rossesynchronisation
Bandmaß
Abprobieren
Probierstand
Zwillingsträchtigkeit
Euter
Nabelschnur
Nabelbruch
Absetzen
Jährling
warmblood, light horse
e.g. German riding horse; not as light as a
thoroughbred and not as heavy as a
coldblooded horse
weaner
a foal that learns to stay away from its mother Absetzer
Warmblut
the procedure of taking the foal away from the
Absetzen
dam; 6 months after birth is a popular age of
weaning
a one-year-old horse; a race horse between
Jährling
January 1st after its foaling and the following
January 1st
the procedure of keeping the semen from the
absamen
stallion by covering a phantom and using an
artificial vagina
weaning
yearling
Breeding,
Reproduction
and Foaling 2
Inga Spornhauer,
Svenja Röttger, Lauren
Moore
barrel
The part of the horse between shoulders and
hindquarters; the part under the rider
Mittelhand
be in season, heat; to
when the mare is able to be fertilized and
accepts the stallion to cover her; the mare will
squat slightly, straddling her hindlegs, raising
the tail and everting her clitoris (= winking)
Rosse
brand
branding
breed
breeder
breeding
breeding association
breeding certificate
breeding goal
breeding season
coldblood, heavy horse,
draught horse
conceive, to
conformation
the symbol of the breed, mostly marked on the
left hindquarter
the procedure to set the brand with a hot iron
e.g. on the left hindquarter
a group of horses presumably related by
descent from common ancestors and visibly
similar in most characteristics
the person who selects the horses for
reproduction
the controlled reproduction fowards a breeding
goal
organisation of breeders of the same kind of
horses
to acknowledge a reproduction – authorized
horse
certain criteria determined by a breeding
association which a horse should fulfil, to make
progress in breeding
time of the year when mares will be covered;
normally from the mid of Februrary to the end
of July
strong and heavy kind of horse, normally used
for working in fields or in the forest
when covering was successful and the semen
reached the uterus
the outward appearance of the horse
Brandzeichen
brennen
Rasse
Züchter
Zucht
Zuchtverband
Zuchterlaubnis
Zuchtziel
Decksaison
Kaltblut
Aufnehmen
Exterieur/Gebäude
constitution
the physical makeup of the horse comprising
inherited qualities modified by environment
Konstitution
cover, to
the act of the stallion mounting the mare
Decken
Page 5
during mounting the mare is fixed by helpers,
the stallion is under control of a leader; this
method requires more human intervention than
the pasture method, so the risk of injury is
reduced
a female parent; a mare with a foal
an irregular oestrus
a competition of young horses and ponies
which are bred in Germany
the percentage of mares covered by one
stallion or the property of a mare that easily
gets pregnant
the uniting of an ovum with a sperm
a young horse from birth until the age of one
year
the heat of the mare around 5 to 9 days after
foaling
the part of the horse between head and
shoulder, including the front limbs; the part in
front of the rider´s hand
the number to identify the horse which is
entered into the passport
male horses that founded or established a
breeding line
a castrated stallion
horse with only one purebred parent
covering in hand
dam, foaling mare
erratic cycle
federal championship
fertility
fertilization
foal
foal heat
forehand
foundation number
foundation sires
gelding
half-breed, part-bred
the condition of being sound in body, mind or
spirit; freedom from physical disease or pain
health, soundness
mare
the hind pair of legs of a horse; the part of the
horse behind the rider´s hand
when a mare/ stallion is not able to produce a
foal
the procedure of manually introducing the
semen into the uterus of the mare
the institution where the stallion's semen is
kept, edited in lab and introduced into the
uterus
insemination with fresh or frozen semen
manual introduction of semen into the genital
tract of a mare
the interbreeding of horses within a particular
line of descent usually to perpetuate desirable
traits
female horse
mare performance test
examination to assess the abilities of mares
hindquarters, haunches
infertility
insemination
insemination station
insemination technique
licensing, artificial
insemination
line
markings
mounting
movement
parts of the coat without pigmentation, for
example a stripe
see "decken"; the action of the stallion to get
on to the mare for covering her
the action of the gaits
An der Hand decken
Mutterstute
Zyklusunregelmäßigkeit
Bundeschampionat
Fruchtbarkeit
Befruchtung
Fohlen
Fohlenrosse
Vorhand
Eintragungsnummer
Gründungsväter
Wallach
Halbblut
Gesundheit
Hinterhand
Unfruchtbarkeit
Besamung
Besamungsstation
Besamungstechnik
Künstliche Besamung
(Zucht) Linie
Stute
Zuchtstutenprüfung
Abzeichen
Decksprung
Bewegung
natural cover
the opposite of insemination, so the stallion is
mounting and fertilizing the mare directly
Natursprung
offspring, progeny,
descendants
breeding products
Nachkommen/ Nachzucht
origin
parent verification
the family tree or pedigree of the horse; his
genetic roots
procedure of identification when the parents
have to be determined
Page 6
Abstammung
Vaterschaftsnachweis
most natural way of covering; stallion and
mares are together out in the pasture, so there
pasture method
is no human intervention and a greater risk of
injury for the horses
pedigree
the record purity of breed of a horse
veterinary examination of the membranes and
post-foaling attention
possible suturing of the vulva
a veterinary examination to find out if the mare
pregnancy diagnosis
is pregnant or not
when gestation ends before term and the
pregnancy failure, abortion embryo dies (resorption, foetal death, abortion
are more specific terms)
pregnancy, gestation
when a mare is in-foal
a foal born alive before the physiological end of
premature
gestation (between 300 and 320 days of
gestation)
bred from members of a recognized breed,
purebred
strain or hind without admixture of other blood
over many generations
the crossing-in of other breeds to create a
refinement breeding
lighter type of horse
if a horse fulfils certain criteria and the
registration
breeding association permits the horse to get
registered in studbook
a certificate to identify a horse which also
registry card
includes the pedigree
a choice of horses that fulfil specific criteria
selection
depending on the breed
sire
a stallion which is licensed to cover mares
In der Herde decken
Stammbaum
Nachgeburtskontrolle
Trächtigkeitsdiagnose
Fehlgeburt
Trächtigkeit
Frühgeburt
Reinzucht
Veredlungszucht
Eintragung
Papiere
Selektion
Deckhengst
sire, to
the ability of genetic codes to be hereditary in
Vererben
the next generation; the transmission of genes
stallion
an uncastrated male horse; a male horse
capable of reproduction
Hengst
stallion licensing
breeding show where stallions will be selected
Körung
stallion performance test
stallion sales
state stud
stud
a farm or similar place where horses are bred
stud farm
stud-book, registry
suckling
suitability for breeding
swabbing
teasing
teasing board
a test which licensed stallions have to complete
for getting their breeding permission; about 30 Hengstleistungsprüfung
or 70 days
a market where stallions are sold
Hengstmarkt
in Germany a state-run breeding-institution
where stallions are kept; mostly combined with Landgestüt
stud farms; see also "Hauptgestüt"
in Germany a state-run breeding-institution
where mares are kept; mostly combined with
state studs; see also "Landgestüt"
an official registration of the pedigree of
purebred horses
the action when a foal is drinking the milk from
its dam´s udder
includes the physical soundness of the genital
tract; the horse is able to reproduct
a quick and efficient method of assessing the
presence of bacterial contamination within the
reproductive tracts of both mare and stallion
this procedure is also known as “trying”; the
object is to see whether the mare is in oestrus
and ready to accept the stallion
a very strong, well built barrier which is high
and long enough to prevent the mare from
striking out and/ or kicking the teaser
Page 7
Gestüt
Hauptgestüt
Stutbuch
saugen
Zuchttauglichkeit
Tupferprobe nehmen
Abprobieren
Probierstand
thoroughbred
trait
twin pregnancy
warmblood, light horse
weaner
e.g. racing horses that are characterized
through their light conformation and highspirited temper
an inherited characteristic
when two ovums were fertilized and two
embryos will grow
e.g. German riding horse; not as light as a
thoroughbred and not as heavy as a
coldblooded horse
Vollblut
Merkmal
Warmblut
a foal that learns to stay away from its mother Absetzer
the procedure of taking the foal away from the
Absetzen
dam; 6 months after birth is a popular age of
weaning
a one-year-old horse; a race horse between
Jährling
January 1st after its foaling and the following
January 1st
the procedure of keeping the semen from the
absamen
stallion by covering a phantom and using an
artificial vagina
weaning
yearling
Dressage,
Showjumping,
Racing, Polo 1
Eva Gutmayer, Aline
Krapp, Sabrina Ihl, Silke
Heinrich, Stefan
Schenter
glossary show jumping
balk, to
To stop short of an obstacle
also: Clear round; A round that is completed
Clean Round
without any fault or penalty.
A series of jumps set within a stride or two of
Combination
each other. Labelled A, B, C.
An attachment on the wing of a jump that
Cup
holds the rail.
In jumping a general term for a horse`s
Disobedience
refusal, run-out, resistance, turning in a circle
or deviating from the course.
If the horse`s shoulder or hindquarters, or any
part of the rider`s body touches the ground, it
Fall
is considered a fall, which brings automatic
disqualification.
A unit of scoring equal to each point a rider is
penalised for committing an error, such as
Fault
knockdowns, refusals and exceeding the time
allowed.
scheuen
Nullrunde
Kombination
Hindernisauflage
Ungehorsam
Sturz
Fehler
Fence
A vertical obstacle. In show jumping the fence
is often made of materials such as hedges, fake Hindernis
stone, brick, planks and poles.
Gate
A high, narrow fence.
Steilsprung
Guard-rail
A rail positioned in front of an obstacle to help
the horse to find the right point to take-off
Absprungstange
Hunters
Jump
Horses that are judged on their style and
athletic ability to jump a course of obstacles in
Hunter
a safe and careful manner. A hunter type hores
can be of any breed.
Any obstacle that the horse has to jump over
Sprung
and/or across.
Page 8
Jumping
Short for "show jumping", an Olympic
equestrian event where each horse must clear
Springen
a number of obstacles on a set course within a
specified time.
Jump-off
In jumping, an extra round held to break a tie
for first place after the final scheduled round of
competition. All horses with clean rounds
Stechen
return to jump a shortened course against the
clock. The horse with the fastest time and the
fewest faults will be the winner.
Knock down
Lath
Liverpool
Obstacle
Oxer
Parallel Oxer
Penality Point
Perfect Course
Prix des nationes
Rail
Refusal
Resistance
Ribbons
Round
Run-out
Run-up
Safety cup
schooling
Schooling area
To cause any part of an obstacle to fall.
Abwurf
A thin white strip that marks the boundary of a
water jump. Is is lined with plasticine to show Latte
wheater a horse`s hoof touched it.
A water jump that has a pole over it or just
Liverpool
beyond it.
Any object that a horse must clear to complete
the course in show jumping and eventing, such Hindernis
as fence, gate or water jump.
A fence with two or more vertical jumps several
feet apart.
An obstacle that has front and back rails of
equal height, set wide apart to produce a
spread.
A point added to a rider`s score for committing
an error.
A course that is termed "perfect" is one in
which the number of riders qualifying for the
jump-off is the same as the number of ribbons
offered.
Another name for the team show jumping
event.
A wooden bar or pole, as part of an obstacle.
Rails must be a minimum of four inches in
diameter and six feet in length.
A horse`s act of stopping in front of an
obstacle, penalised unless the horse then clears
the obstacle without having to improve its runup.
Acts by a horse that indicate a refusal to
continue a round, such as rearing, making a
half turn, or stepping back.
Are awarded to those who finish in the money.
The color of the ribbon indicates the placing of
the horse (blue - 1st, red - 2nd, yellow - 3rd,
etc.)
A complete section of the grand prix or class in
which all the horses have their turn on course.
Some grand prix hold two rounds before the
jump-off.
An attempt by the horse to escape the rider`s
control in order to avoid jumping an obstacle.
The short burst of speed put on by a horse in
order to clear a jump.
A cup used on the back rail of a spread fence
that releases to drop the rail if struck by the
horse.
Training in preparation for competition.
An area in which the horses can be warmed up
before a competition.
Page 9
Oxer
Carre-Oxer
Fehlerpunkt
Nationenpreis
Stange
Verweigerung
Widersetzlichkeit
Schleife
Runde/Durchlauf
Vorbeilaufen
"Anlauf"
Sicherheitsauflage
aufwärmen/abreiten
Abreiteplatz
Spread
Standards
Start Order
Take-off point
Time faults
Trip
Triple bar
Two-point position
Volontary Withdrawel
Walk the course
Wall
Water jump
Wing
An obstacle that combines width and height,
requiring the horse to jump horizontally as well
as vertically.
The various types of supports which hold up
the rails and or planks of each jump.
also: Jump Order, Order of Go; The Order of
Go is determined in a drawing before the event
so that each has an equal chance of attaining a
favorable position.
The optimum point before an obstacle for a
horse to jump.
A penality for exceeding the designated time
limit. A rider is penalized 1/4 faults for each
second over the allotted time.
see: Round
A jump featuring three sets of rails at varying
heights that produce a spread.
The position of the rider for a jump, with the
seat out of the saddle and the body positioned
forward.
A rider makes a decision not to continue on the
course and to leave the ring. Generally this is
done with a nod of the riders head or tip of the
hat to the judge.
Hoch-Weitsprung
Hindernissteher
Startliste
Absprungpunkt
Zeitfehler
Triple Bare
Springsitz
Freiwillige Aufgabe
To measure a jumping course by pacing off
Den Pacours abgehen
strides between obstacles before a competition.
A jump simulating an actual solid wall.
Mauer
An obstacle that requires a horse to jump over
a wide expanse of water, usually preceded by a Wassergraben
low hedge or fence.
An apparatus on the side of a jump to frame it,
to support the cups and to hold the rails in
Fang
place. A wing is wider than a standard and
similar to a gate. A jump has two wings, one at
each side.
glossary dressage
A head position in which the horse avoids
acceptance of the contact by putting the
muzzle forward and upward
Lack of evasion, resistance, or protest. Used in
reference to the horse´ unresistant willingness
Acceptance
to allow the application of aids, the
maintenance of a steady contact, and/or the
placement of the riders weight.
Acquiescence
see: Acceptance
Energy, vigor, liveliness - referring especially to
Activity
that of the haunches
The horse avoids accepting the contact by
becoming rigid or unyielding in the neck and
Against the bit
poll and/or jaw, although the head carriage
may appear superficially correct.
Classical high school dressage. Includes
pasade/levade and school jumps, courbette
Airs/Airs above the ground
and capriole, which are only performed with
specially trained horses
A gait in which the ipsilateral pairs of legs
Amble
move in unison. A "lateral walk". May be the
result of hard rein aids
Above the bit
Page 10
Über dem Zügel
Durchlässigkeit
Hinterhandaktivität
Gegen den Zügel
Schulen über der Erde
Pass
Balance
Beat
Behind the bit
Behind the vertical
Bend
Blocked
Blurred
Brocken Neckline
Cadence
Camped
Carriage
Chewing the bit
Clarity
Closed Halt
Relative distribution of the weight of horse and
rider upon the force and hindlegs (longitudinal
balance). The horse is in good balance when
the weight is distributed evenly left and right,
and sufficienly toward the rear legs that it can
Gleichgewicht
easily manage the task at hand. The horse is
carrying the riders and its own weight in the
most efficient way. Loss of balance means the
sudden increase of weight onto the forehand or
to one side.
Footfalls within a gait. A hoof or pairs of hooves
simultaneously striking the ground. Walk: fourTakt
beated; Trot: two-beated; Canter: threebeated
An evasion in which the horse reacts or shrinks
back from the bit/contact, avoiding stepping
into the contact. The head is mostly behind the Hinter dem Zügel
vertical. May not be seen, but can only be
verified by the rider.
The head position in which the horse´s nostril
falls behind the imaginary line dropped from
the horse`s eye. Wrong position of the head
which should be in or in front of the vertical.
The laterally arched position in which the
horse´s body appears to form an even curve
from poll to tail. The hindlegs shell step in the
trace of the fronthooves. Bending only the neck
is wrong.
The hind legs are prevented from stepping
through by the sustained contraction of the
muscles of the back
Lacking clarity in a transition between the gaits
or paces.
Wrong position of the neck, often caused by
the rider. Excessive flexion between the 2nd
and 3rd cervical vertebrae, the poll is not the
highest point.
Hinter der Senkrechten
Biegung
blockiert
Verschwommen
Falscher Knick
Marked accenting of the rhythm with elasticity. Kadenz
The hind legs placed out behind the horse`s
body, not engaged. Used in reference to the
halt.
The posture of the horse. Synonyma: Profile,
Outline
The movements of the horse`s mouth - gently
and softly mouthing the bit - showing mobility
and relaxation of the jaw and causing secretion
of saliva for a "wet mouth". Must not be
confused with snapping or grinding of the
teeth.
Marked distinction between the footfalls of a
gait.
Halt nicht geschlossen
Haltung
Am Gebiss kauen
Klarheit der Gänge
A posture at the halt in which the horse is
secure in balance and attitude, and has the
hind legs sufficiently under the body so that the Geschlossener Halt
weight of the horse and the rider is distributed
fairly evenly over all four legs.
Page 11
Collection
Connection
Constrained
Constricted
Contact
Crookedness
Relative to working and medium paces, the
strides are shorter and higher and yet
powerful; the outline appears shorter with the
Versammlung
neck rising unrestrained out of lifted withers
and shoulders, the croup appears lowered. The
engagement is more marked.
The lack of blockage, breaks, or slack in the
circuit that joins horse and rider into a single
harmonious unit. The unrestricted flow of
Durchlässigkeit
energy and influence from the rider to and
throughout the horse, and back to the rider.
"Through-lettingness"
Forced or compelled against the will. Not
necessarily the same as "restrained" - the
Zusammengeschnürt
horse may be constrained to move forward at
speed.
Limited by constrained, restrained or sustained
muscular contraction. Held together, forcefully Fest
shortened, or physically tight.
The light, elastic connection between the riders
hand and the horse´s mouth. Should always be Anlehnung
soft.
Lack of alignment or straightness of the
Verwerfung
horse`s spine.
Cross canter
The horse canters on one lead in front and on
the other lead behind. Same as disunited. Can
be the result of loss of balance in the canter.
Kreuzgalopp
Disobedience
Willful determination to avoid doing what is
asked, or determination to what is not asked.
Ungehorsam
Disunited
Dragging
see: Cross canter
Kreuzgalopp
Refers to dragging of the hind feet or inactivity
schleppend
of the hind legs
Elasticity
The ability or tendency to stretch and contract
the musculature smoothly, giving the
impression of "stretchiness" or "springiness"
Spannkraft
Elevation
The raising of the head and neck unrestrained
out of the lifted withers and shoulders.
Aufrichtung
Engaged
Engaged halt
Horse travels with lowered haunches
see: Closed halt
Engagement
Increased flexion of the joints of the hind legs
and of the sacro-lumbar area, lowering the
croup relative to the forehand, with the hind
legs supporting a greater proportion of the
load. A prerequisite for thrust/impulsion.
Erection
see: Elevation
Evasion
Avoidance of the difficulty, correctness, or
purpose of the movement, often without active
resistance or disobedience (tilting head, open
Entziehung
mouth, etc.) Bit evasions are means of
avoiding correct contact with the bit.
Expression
Extension
see: Cadence
Stretching and lengthening of the outline and
stide out; in trot and canter you can see an
increased phase of suspension. The horse
covers as much groung as possible with each
stride, but maintains the same tempo and
rhythm.
Page 12
Gesetzt
Hankenbeugung
Verstärkung
Falling In
Flexibility
Flexion
Flying Change
Forward
Frame
Free walk
Freedom
Gait
Goose-stepping
Half-halt
Half-pass
Hollow back
Impulsion
Irregular
Late
Late Behind
also possible: Falling on inside shoulder, falling
out, falling over outside shoulder. Is a lateral
Über die Schulter ausfallen
deviation of the shoulders caused by loss of
balance.
The ability to move the joints freely
Lockerheit
Articulation of a joint so that the angle between
Biegung
the bones is decreased.
Change of canter lead in the air during an
unbrocken canter stride. Change must occur in Fliegender Wechsel
rear and front, or cross canter will result.
A direction. Also used to designate impulsion,
speed, tempo or stride length.
The longer or shorter outline of the horse
dictated by the relative degree of extension or
collection. Can also refer to the horse´s
confirmation.
Relaxed walk in which the horse is allowed to
lengthen and stretch to the bit.
The reach and scope, and lack of constriction,
in the movement of the fore and hind limbs.
Any of the various foot movements of a horse,
as a walk, trot, pace, canter or gallop. For
dressage purposes there are three gaits: walk,
trot and canter.
Exaggerated movement of the forelegs, in
which the forefeet are not set down where the
forelegs are pointing, but are retracted. Also
called flipping, boxing or kicking.
An effect of the aids which increases the
attention and improves the balance of the
horse.
The horse is proceeding equally forwards and
sideways. The horse length bent in the
direction of the movement.
Sagging or depressed back caused by slackness
or sustained contraction of the back muscles;
lacking springy tension and impeding swing
and elasticity
Thrust. The horse`s desire to carry himself
forward, including elasticity of steps and
roundness. Increased engagement is a
prerequisite for improved impulsion
Vorwärts
Rahmen
Freier Schritt
Fluss
Gangart
"Lampenaustreten"
Halbe Parade
Traversale
Durchhängender Rücken
Schwung
Impure, unlevel or uneven. Can be momentary
or pervasive, and may or may not be due to
Taktunrein
unsoundness. Can be a result of hard rein aids.
Does not mean unsteady in tempo.
Execution after the aids.
In flying changes. The hind legs change after
the forelegs.
Verzögert
nachspringen
Lateral
To the side, as in flexion, bend, suppleness, or
direction of movement. Can also mean unpurity lateral
in walk (ambling) or canter
Lateral movement
Any movement which involves motion in a
sideways direction (e.g. shoulder-in, croup-in)
Leg-yielding
Sideways movement; the horse yields the leg
of the rider and moves sideways and forwards.
Schenkelweichen
No bending of the horse, only position against
the direction of movement.
Page 13
Seitengang
Length Bend
The horse is uniformly bent round your inside
leg. The inside surface area of the horse is the
Laterale Biegung
same shape as the circumfence of the corner or
circle. See also "Bend"
Lengthening
Elongation of the stride and the outline of the
horse
Tritte verlängern
Lift
Upward thrust. The degree to which the horse
thrusts off the ground. Refering to the piaffe it
means the lifting of the forelegs.
Knieaktion
Lightness
Refers to the horse`s lightness on its feet and
lightness in the reins, a component of selfcarriage.
Leichtigkeit
Longitudinal
In the lengthwise dimension (as opposed to
lateral), from back to front or front to back.
Längs-
Manege / arena
Marching
Medium
Mobility
Movement
Obedience
On the aids
On the bit
On the forehand
Outline
Outside
An area for training horses. Normally a
rectangle area measuring twenty to fourty or
twenty to sixty metres.
Purposefulness in the steps of the walk.
A pace between collected and extended, with
moderate lengthening of the outline and
relative upward thrust than in extension.
Easy maneuverability of the
shoulders/forehand, made possible by shifting
of weight to the hindquarters.
The manner in which the horse moves over the
ground. (Scored in dressage tests) Also a
gymnastic exercise (shoulder-in, half-pass,
etc.) as opposed to a figure (circle, change of
rein, etc.) or a transition.
Willingness to perform what is asked by the
rider. Can only be there when the rider asks
what the horse is able to perform.
The horse responds instantly an generously to
all the aids accepting the contact and
maintaining connection.
Viereck, Reitplatz
schreiten
Mittel-
Schulterfreiheit
Bewegung
Gehorsam
An den Hilfen
Supple acceptance of the contact. Includes
lateral and longitudinal flexion, a rounded back,
acceptance of the riders weight, engaged
Am Zügel
hindquarters, an arched neck. The horse`s
head is in or in front of the vertical.
The horse places too much weight on the
forelegs; longitudinally poor balance.
The carriage, posture, profile, or silhouette of
the horse.
The direction away from which the horse is
bent. Or the side that is away from the center
of the arena.
Auf der Vorhand
Kontur/Haltung
Aussen
Overbent
Excessive lateral displacement of the neck
relative to the body, occurring in the neck itself
überstellt
or at the base of the neck, causing lack of
uniformity of the lateral curve of the horse.
Overflexed
Head of the horse pulled behind the vertical.
Overstep
Pace
Pace
also: Overstride, Overtrack; the placement of
the hind foot in front of the fore foot.
Any one of the variations within each gait:
collected, working, lengthened, medium,
extended.
see: Amble
Page 14
Überzäumt
Übertreten
Tempi
Pass
Passage
A trot in which the phase of support of one
diagonal pair of legs is prolonged while there is
a hesitation in the forward travel of the other
Passage
diagonal pair of legs, giving a floating, hovering
impression; the hindquarters carry more
weight and propel forward.
Piaffe
A proud and rhythmic movement in trot
performed nearly on the spot. Hindquarters
carry more weight; proof of real collection.
Pivoting
Avoidance of picking up a foot in the proper
rhythm, turning around a grounded/stuck foot.
drehend
Used in reference to pirouettes or turns on the
haunches or forehand.
Poll
The highest point of the horse´s skull (the
occipital crest).
Position
The lateral flexion at the atlanto-axial joint, so
that the horse "looks" to the side; position right Stellung
or postion left. Also: The posture of the rider.
Purity
Correctness of the order of the footfalls and
phases of the gaits.
Reinheit der Gänge
Pushing out
Hind legs operating too far behind the horse,
pushing backwards more than carrying.
Hinten raustreten
Regularity
Correctness of the gait, to include purity,
evenness, and levelness. Irregularities may be
Regelmäßigkeit
momentary or pervasive, and they may or may
not be caused by unsoundness.
Rein - Giving the rein
Pushing the hand towards the horse´s mouth
or the bit, to allow the rein to drop, dangle or
loop.
Rein - Take the rein
To momentarily close the fingers on the rein to
Gegenhalten
block or to "not give" or "not to be light"
Rein back
T'he horse moves backwards on the riders
command. Footfalls same as in trot.
Relative Straightness
The horse is going staight when the inside hind
Relative Geraderichtung
leg follows the track of the inside foreleg.
Unruffled mental state. Calmness without
anxiety or nervousness. Also: Absence of
muscular tension other than that needed for
optimal carriage, strength and range and
fluency of movement.
Sideways movement on three tracks;The
horse`s quarters are to the track with the
forehand away from the track. The outside hind
leg creates one track. The outside foreleg and
inside hind leg create the second track, the
inside foreleg creates the third track. The horse
must have lenght bend in the direction of
movement
The characteristic sequence of footfalls an
phases of a given gait.
Relaxation
Renvers
Rhythm
Piaffe
Genick
den Zügel hingeben
Rückwärtsrichten
Entspannung/Losgelassenh
eit
Renvers
Rhythmus
Rocking/Rocking Horse
Canter
A canter in which the neck/forehand goes too
much up and down, due the lack of sufficient
forward movement, lack of sufficient
engagement or to interference by the rider.
Schaukelgalopp
Scope
Amplitude (reach and roundness) of
movement.
Rahmen
Page 15
Self-Carriage
Shoulder-in
Slack
Sticky
Stiff/Stiffness
Straightness
State in which the horse carries itself in a
balanced, correct and unconstrained posture,
without taking support or balancing on the
riders hand.
Sideways movement on three tracks; The
forehand is brought in off the track so that the
outside hind leg creates one track, the outside
foreleg and the inside hindleg create the
second track and the inside foreleg creates the
third track. The horse is bent against the
direction of movement.
In reference to the condition of the
musculature of the horse`s topline/back:
sagging, lacking muscle tone or springy
resilience. Also: in reference to the reins:
lacking contact.
Reluctance to lift the feet off the ground.
Earthbound.
Inability to flex the joints or stretch the
musculature to the degree and in the way
required to perform the task at hand.
The hind legs follow the same path and step in
the same direction as the forelegs. The spine is
straight on straight tracks and bent evenly in
curves, circles or sideways.
Selbsthaltung
Schulterherein
Schlaff
Am Boden kleben
steif/Steifheit
Geraderichtung
Stride
Cycle of movements that is completed when
the horses legs regain their initial positions.
Suppleness
Pliability; showing ability to smoothly adjust
the carriage (longitudinally) and the position or
Geschmeidigkeit
bend (laterally), without impairment of the flow
of movement, or of the balance.
Suspension
The moment or phase of the trot or canter in
which the horse has no feet on the ground.
Schwebephase
Swing
An uninterrupted sequence of rein backs
followed by forward steps in walk; repeated
several times.
Schaukel
Tempi changes
More than one flying changes put together to
form a movement. (two time tempi changes is
a change of leg every second canter stride)
Changements
Tempo
Rate of repetition of the rhythm. Faster tempo
is more strides or beats per minute. (Not
necessarily correlated with length of stride or
miles per hour)
Tempo
Throughness
Also: (stepping) Through, (stepping) Through
the Neck/Bridle, Through Lettingness; The
supple, stretched, and unblocked state of the
horse`s musculature. See also: Connection
Durchlässigkeit
Track/Tracks
1. The path next to the rail in the arena. 2.
Used to refer to lateral movements - e.g.
movement on 2 tracks. 3. Direction of travel,
as in "track right" the right hand is towards the
center of the arena. 4. Referring to a foot or
Hufschlag/Hand
feet, to travel in a line or path. The lines of
travel o feet, viewed and counted by the
observer as the horse approaches him (e.g. 3
or 4 tracks for shoulder-in)
Tracking up
The hind feet step into the tracks of the
forefeet.
Page 16
Schritt/Tritt/Sprung
In die Spur der Vorderhufe
treten
Work on three tracks. The horse`s quarters are
brought into the school so that the outside
foreleg creates one track. The inside foreleg
Travers
and the outside hind leg create the second
track and the inside hind leg creates the third
track. The horse is bent in the direction of
movement.
Unequal height of steps or bearing of weight on
Ungleichmäßig
both sides.
Travers
Uneven/Unlevel
Whipping up
The repeated active upward evasion of the
croup, usually in canter when the hind legs do
not step sufficiently through, or in piaffe when
the horse avoids lowering the haunches.
mit der Kruppe
hochkommen
Wide behind
The horse travels with the hind feet further
apart than the forefeet; lack of engagement.
"Die Hinterhand im Stall
vergessen"
glossary western riding
AQHA
American Quarter Horse Association
APHA
American Paint Horse Association
Appaloosa
back cinch
back up
barrel race
Western horse breed, coloured or spotted
horses
girth behind the usual girth, necessary for
roping, Cutting, etc, to avoid that the back part
of the saddle will lift up when the horse moves
quickly
backwards moving of the horse
race around three barrels
Amerikanischer
Zuchtverband für Quarter
Horses
Amerikanischer
Zuchtverband für Paint
Horses
Appaloosa
hinterer Bauchgurt, wichtig
vor allem bei
Rinderdisziplinen
Rückwartsrichten
Tonnenrennen
rot-, hellbraun mit
schwarzen Beinen und
Langhaar
bay
horse with a red or light brown colour, but
black legs, mane, tail, etc.
blanket
Schabracke, Bezeichnung
für die weisse Kruppe
name of the white croup of Appaloosa Horses,
mancher Appaloosas oder
or: sometimes used for thin sheets that will be
Showdecke-meist mit
laid on the pad under the saddle
Navajomuster-die über das
Pad gelegt wird
bosal
part of a bridle without a bit, mostly used with
a mecate
bridle path
cut part of the crest where the bridle is
buckskin
horse with a sandy yellow coat with black legs, meist sandfarbener Falbe
mane and tail, but without a dorsal stripe
ohne Aalstrich
cantle
chaps
chestnut
chinks
cinch
clipping
backpart of the western saddle
leather pants with a zip on the outside of every
leg
horse with a dark red colour
like chaps, but only knee-long, worn with
buckaroo boots
synonym to girth
cutting the hairs out of the ears and the
sensory hairs around the nostrils
Page 17
gebisslose Zäumung, aus
Rohhaut und Leder, oft mit
Zügeln aus Pferdehaar
verwendet
geschorene Stelle des
Mähnenkamms hinter den
Ohren
Rückenlehne des
Westernsattels
lederne Überhosen
Dunkelfuchs
kurze Chaps
Sattelgurt
Ausrasieren Ohren,
Rasieren Tasthaare
Auslauf , Pferch,
eingezäunter Reitplatz
corral
synonym to paddock, fenced arena
cow sense
cow sense means that the horse is interested in Interesse und "Spass" des
working with the cattle
Pferdes an der Rinderarbeit
cremello
a horse with pink skin, cream to merely white
coat, mane and tail
curb bit
a bit with shanks which induces lever-action
heller Isabell
Kandare, Gebiss mit
Hebelwirkung
competition where the horse has to keep a cow
separated from its herd without any aids of the Rinderdisziplin
rider
Teilprüfung Reining der
reining part of the competition Working
Disziplin Working
Cowhorse
Cowhorse
similar to buckskin, but with a dorsal stripe and
Falbe mit Aalstrich
zebra striping at the legs
correct way of sitting on the horse, similar to
korrekter Sitz
the classical seat, with head, shoulders, hip
and heel in a line
Erste Westernreitunion
Western riding association in Germany
Deutschland
Cutting
dry work
dun
equitation seat
EWU
fence work
Part of the competition Working Cowhorse: a
cow has to be moved along the long side of the
arena, along the short side and has to be
circled on the left and on the right hand
Teil der Disziplin Working
Cowhorse, in dem mit dem
Rind gearbeitet werden
muss
fender
covering leather part of the stirrup straps, to
avoid the jeans getting dirty from the horse´s
sweat
Schweissblatt am
Steigbügelriemen
fork
front part of the western saddle under the horn
futurity
competition for young horses
gate
one of the obstacles of trail competitions: gate
Tor
has to be opened and closed from horseback
ground-tying
horse keeps standing without being tied
anywhere, just with the rein(s) hanging to the
ground
Pferd bleibt unangebunden
stehen, wenn Zügel zu
Boden hängt
grullo
smokey/ mouse-coloured horse with a dorsal
stripe
Graufalbe
halter class
competitions where the horses are not ridden,
just shown at halter
Wettbewerbe, in denen die
Pferde nur vorgeführt
werden, nicht geritten
herd work
Part of the competition Working Cowhorse,
Prüfung Working
where a cow is separated from its herd and the
Cowhorse/ Cutting
horse has to avoid the cow getting back
high/medium/low port bit
hobbles
horsemanship
hunter hack
hunter under saddle
Gabel vorn am Sattel, auf
der das Horn sitzt
Wettbewerb für junge
Pferde
Gebiss mit
(unbroken) bit with high/ medium or low space
hoher/mittlerer/geringer
for the tongue of the horse
Zungenfreiheit
rope tied around the horse´s legs so that the
Fussfesseln
horse can still move, but not run away
the ability to get along with the horse very
Pferdeverstand
good
Englischreitprüfung für
similar to Hunter under saddle, but including
Quarter Horses mit zwei
two jumps
Sprüngen
competition for Quarter Horses, in which they
Englischreitprüfung für
have to be shown with English saddle and
Quarter Horses
bridle, pleasure-like
Page 18
HYPP
jog
Lacers
latigo
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis, hereditary
disease, mainly of the descendants from the
sire Impressive
very slow and comfortable trot
lace-boots
specially treated leather, used for fixing the
girth at the rigging
Erbkrankheit, die meist bei
Impressive-Nachkommen
auftritt
langsamer Trab
kurze Schnürstiefel
fettgegerbtes Leder
lope
Aneinanderreihen der
in some classes the riders have to get in a row
Reiter, ähnlich dem
next to each other
Aufmarschieren
slow canter
langsamer Galopp
maturity
competitions for horses older than four years
mecate
rope or reins made from horse-hair
natural
highly-gifted (horse)
aus Rosshaar geflochtenes
Seil/Zügel
hochtalentiert
NCHA
National Cutting Horse Association
Verband für Cutting-Pferde
neck rein
synonym to the outside rein
äußerer Zügel
neck reining
rein aid: changing directions by touching the
horse´s neck with the outside rein
Lenken des Pferdes durch
Berührung des Halses mit
dem äußeren Zügel
non-pro class
competitions for people who do not earn
money with riding (amateurs)
Amateur-Klasse
NRCHA
National Reined Cowhorse Association
Verband überwiegend für
Working-Cowhorse-Pferde
NRHA
National Reining Horse Association
Verband für Reining-Pferde
one-ear-headstall
bridle with a leather strap around one ear
instead of a fore-head strap,only suitable for
curb bits
Einohrkopfstück ohne
Stirnriemen, nur geeignet
für Gebisse mit Anzügen
out of pattern
disqualified because the different exercises
have not been shown in the right sequence
line up
overo
pad
Paint Horse
pattern
Performance class
Pinto
pleasure
pole bending
port
prospect
Wettbewerb für vierjährige
Pferde und älter
Disqualifizierung wegen
Verreiten
besondere Scheckung,
coloured horse with dark basic colour, dark legs Grundfarbe dunkel mit
and irregular white that does not cross
unregelmäßigen weissen
between the withers and tail
Flecken und dunklen
Beinen
thick blanket below the saddle
Sattelunterlage
gescheckte Quarter
coloured Quarter Horse, managed in an own
Horses, eigene Zucht und
association and breed
Verband
Aufgabe mit festgesetzter
fixed order of exercises, that every rider has to
Reihenfolge der einzelnen
maintain
Lektionen
contains all competitions, in which the horses
are ridden
coloured horse, that does not belong to Paint
Horses
competition where you have to ride the horse
in walk, jog and lope
race around six poles
elevated bend in the middle of an unbroken
curb bit
young horse which seems to become a good
athlet
Page 19
Reitprüfungen
gescheckte Pferde (ausser
Paint Horses)
Turnierdisziplin
Slalomrennen um sechs
Stangen
Zungenfreiheit, erhöhter
Mittelteil einer Kandare
vielversprechendes Pferd
pull and slack
spezifische Zügelführung
rein aids by pulling the reins shortly and giving des Westernreitens durch
slack immediately
kurzzeitiges Annehmen
und sofortiges Nachgeben
Quarter Horse
the most important Western Horse breed
rawhide
kind of leather
reiner
reining-specialised horse or rider
competition including roll-backs, sliding stops,
flying lead-changes, etc.
turning the horse around in direction to the
middle of the arena
Part of the Western saddle where you fix the
cinch
wichtigste
Westernpferderasse
Rohhaut
Reining-Spezialist (Pferd
oder Reiter)
Turnierdisziplin, WesternDressur
Handwechsel zur
Bahnmitte hin
Befestigungsmöglichkeit
für den Gurt
roan (blue, red)
horses with interspersed white hair on their
body and neck, basic colour black: black legs
and mane; basic colour sorrel: red legs and
mane
stichelhaariges Pferd,
(Grundfarbe Schwarz:
Schwarzer Behang, Beine;
Grundfarbe Fuchs)
roll-back
horse turns around for 180°, mostly out of
canter
180°-Wendung, meist aus
hohem Tempo
ROM
Register of Merit, contains horses which have
achieved a special amount of points in one
class
Art lesitungsbuch, in das
Pferde aufgenommen
werden, die eine
bestimmte Anzahl von
Punkten in einer Disziplin
errungen haben
round-pen
round fenced arena
runder umzäunter Reitpatz
Reining
reverse
rigging
Geradeauslauf vor einem
straight ride before a roll-back or a sliding stop Roll-Back oder einem
Sliding Stop
durch einen Ritt erzielte
amount of points achieved for one ride
Punkte
run down
score
senior horse
a horse which is six years and older
Pferd sechsjährig und älter
shanks
lever-arms fixed to bits
Hebelarme, Anzüge der
Kandaren
Showmanship at Halter
competition, where the horse has to be shown
at halter and the showman isjudged
Disziplin, bei der das Pferd
am Halfter vorgeführt und
der Vorführer beurteilt wird
sidepull
bridle without a bit
gebisslose Zäumung
slack
the rider´s hand is not directly in contact with
the horse´s mouth, the reins are relaxed
Reiten am
durchhängenden Zügel
sliding plates
special horse-shoes to support the sliding stop
spezieller Sliding-Beschlag
the horse stops out of full speed, sliding on its
hindlegs
broken bit without shanks
a red horse
you use spurs to support your leg aids
gleitender Stop auf der
Hinterhand
Wassertrense
Fuchs
Sporen
Super Horse
competition competition with elements from
other competitions like Pleasure, Trail, Reining
and Western Riding (only EWU)
Turnierdisziplin, die es nur
bei der EWU gibt
Team Penning
competition in which a group of three riders
has to separate 3 cows from their herd and
bring them into a small corral
Turnierdisziplin
sliding stop
snaffle bit
sorrel
spurs
Page 20
tobiano
coloured horses with white as basic colour,
dark colour covers one or both flanks
spezielle Art der
Scheckung, Grundfarbe
Weiss, mit weissen Beinen
und einer bzw. beiden
dunklen Flanken
tovero
coloured horse with white basic colour, just a
few dark spots around ears and mouth, one or
two blue eyes
Scheckung mit weisser
Grundfarbe, einige wenige
dunkle Flecken im Gesicht,
ein oder beide Augen blau
Trail
Western Riding
whoa
glossary vaulting
athletic ability
back pad
balance exercise
bandage
barrel
basic seat
bit
bit ring
bridle
canter
cavesson
circle
circle line
compulsory test
dismount
double vaulting
dynamic movement
flag
flank
forward seat
free test
group vaulting
competition in which rider and horse have to
show their skills to face obstacles like gates,
poles, etc.
competition class with elements from reining
and lots of flying lead changes
voice aid to tell the horse to stop
ability of a person to do sportive exercise
pad from the top of the withers to the flank
point of gravity referring to the horse is not
changed during this kind of exercise
attached to the horse`s legs to provide leg
support
dummy which is used for practising vaulting
exercises with safety
sitting astride with arms extended
piece of metal or other material which lies in
the horse`s mouth; attached to -> bridle to
achieve better control
ring connecting the -> bit to the -> bridle
a ~ is made of leather; attached to the
horse`s head to afford control
fast three beated gait (hind leg, opposite
diagonal pair, opposite foreleg), most vaulting
exercises are done in this gait
bridle without a bit; mainly used for lunging;
works through pressure to the nasal bone
school figure; circle with a diameter of 20
meters
line on which the horse moves while working
on the circle
part of competition; the six/seven basic
movements are shown
jump of the -> vaulter from the horse to the
ground
a couple of vaulters show manoeuvres during
competition
movement in which a change of position(s) can
be seen
involves extending opposite arm and leg from a
quad position
two- step swinging exercise; 1. Swinging
motion to inside seat 2. Swinging from inside
seat to dismount on the outside of the horse
= basic seat
part of competition; performance is selforganized (with music)
a group of six vaulters show manoeuvres
during competition
Page 21
Geschicklichkeitsparcours
Turnierdisziplin
Stimmkommando zum
Anhalten
athletische Fähigkeit
Decke, Pad
statische Übung
Bandage, Gamasche
Atrappen/- Übungspferd
Grundsitz, Vorwärtssitz
Gebiss
Gebissring
Zaumzeug, Trense
Galopp
Kappzaum
Zirkel
Zirkellinie
Pflichtprogramm
Abgang
Doppelvoltigieren
dynamische Bewegung
Fahne, Kniewaage
Flanke
Vorwärtssitz
Kür
Gruppenvoltigieren
horse boot
individual vaulting
mat around the -> barrel to provide safe
landing
~s are attached to the ->surcingle to give
safety to the rider
person is standing on his hands; often part of
on exercise (e.g. -> flank)
the ~ is affixed at the horses leg
= single vaulting
inside seat
seat with body, shoulders, head facing inside
Innenquersitz
kneeling
long line
exercise with the vaulter bending his legs
= lunge/ longe
person who controls the horse with the ->
lunge
A long rein, which can be attached to the ->
bridle ring or -> cavesson
= exercise; a performed figure
involves a series of single leg passes beginning
from forward seat and moving the vaulter to an
inside side seat, a reverse seat and back to
sitting forward
jump of the -> vaulter onto the horse into a
sitting position
Knien
Longe
seat with body, shoulders, head facing outside
Außenquersitz
gymnastic mat
handle
handstand
lounger
lunge
manoeuvre
mill
mount
outside seat
two vaulters (male and female) are acting
during competition
= barrel
seat with body, shoulders, head facing
backwards
= surcingle
pas-de-deux vaulting
practice horse
reverse seat
roller
two- step swinging exercise; 1. vaulter moves
from a forward seat to a reverse seat (first
scissoring motion) 2. and returns back to
forward seat (second scissoring motion)
scissors
side rein
Gymnastikmatte
Griff
Handstand
Gamasche
Einzelvoltigieren
Longeur
Longe
Übung
Mühle
Aufsprung
Pas-de-deux Voltigieren
Atrappen/- Übungspferd
Rückwärtssitz
Voltigiergurt
Schere
Ausbinder
surcingle
rein connecting the -> surcingle to the bit
only one vaulter shows exercises during
competition
standing in the deepest part of the horse`s
back
movement which should show no change of
position referring to the horse
= vaulting surcingle
surcingle pad
pad under the surcingle to protect the withers
Gurtunterlage
single vaulting
stand
static movement
point of gravity referring to the horse is in
motion during this kind of exercise
= group vaulting
person who does vaulting exercises on the
horse`s back
is gymnastics on the horseback while lunging
the horse on a -> circle
belt/strap passing over the ->surcingle pad
swinging exercise
team vaulting
vaulter
vaulting
vaulting surcingle
Glossary Endurance
Riding
Aerobic metabolism
Anaerobic metabolism
In the presence of oxygen, fats or
carbohydrates are metabolized to generate
energy.
Carbohydrates are metabolized to generate
energy in the absence of oxygen with lactic
acid as a by-product.
Page 22
Einzelvoltigieren
Stand, freies Stehen
vorwärts
statische Bewegung
Voltigiergurt
dynamische Übung
Gruppenvoltigieren
Voltigeur
Voligieren
Voltigiergurt
Aerober Stoffwechsel
Anaerober Stoffwechsel
Intensity of exercise at which anaerobic
metabolism significantly contributes to the
production of energy; lactic acid in the bloodstream exceeds four mmol/liter.
This is the time when horse and rider arrive at
the vet checks or the finish
see Best Condition Award
The award is given to a horse within the top
ten finishers (or the first third of the placed
horses) who is judged to be in the best
condition. Weight carried and riding time are
taken into consideration.
Biothane is a vinyl material which is used in
bridles very often.
Beats per minute
A piece of equipment that helps to prevent the
saddle from sliding backwards.
This test can indicate dehydration. It measures
the length of time required for the colour to
return to normal pink in the upper gum of the
horse after pressing hard enough to leave a
white spot.
This is the time when the rider presents his
horse to the veterinarian in the vet checks and
the finish
Anaerobic threshold
Arrival time
BC
Best Condition Award
Biothane
Bpm
Breast collar
Capillary refill time
Check-in time
Competitions limited in
speed
In those competitions a specified speed is
stated in the schedule (for example Speed 5)
These competitions take place against the
clock. The horse and rider with the shortest
Competitions not limited in
riding time are the winners of the competition
speed
when the horse has passed every vet check
with success.
The crew area is the area within a vet check
Crew area
where the feeding, watering and cooling of the
horses takes place.
The crew point is a point along the course
Crew point
where grooming is allowed.
Crupper
Dehydration
Electrolytes
Endurance Riding
Fit to continue
Fit to travel
anaerobe Schwelle
Ankunftszeit
Konditionspreis
Biothane
Herzschläge pro Minute
Vorderzeug
Kapillare Füllungszeit,
Überprüfung des
Kapillarzustandes
Ein-Zeit
Tempobegrenzte Ritte
Tempofreie Ritte
Betreuungsareal im Vet
Check
Crew Punkt
The crupper is a loop that goes under the tail
and attaches to the back of the saddle. It helps Schweifriemen
to prevent the saddle from slipping forward.
Lack of fluids in the body, generally caused by
sweating. Electrolytes are lost at the same
time, so both electrolytes and water must be
used to rehydrate.
Body salts that are normal components of
blood and tissue that contribute to muscle
contractions, nerve impulses, oxygen and
carbon dioxide transport; they get lost through
the sweat
Endurance Competitions are athletic events in
which horses cover a defined course within a
specified maximum time.
At veterinary checks veterinarians assess
metabolic and soundness factors and on their
basis they decide if a horse is allowed to
continue the competition or not. At every vet
check the horses should still be able to go
further 20 kilometres.
After the endurance competition the
veterinarians decide whether the horse is in
such a good state of health that it can be
trailered.
Page 23
Dehydration
Elektrolyte
Distanzreiten
Gesund / fit für die weitere
Teilnahme an der
Veranstaltung
Transporttauglich /
Transportfreigabe
Groom
see pit crew
to take care of horse and rider during the ride;
pflegen, betreuen
to water and feed the horse
groom, to
Gut sounds are the sounds of digestion that
can be heard with a stethoscope. They are
Darmgeräusche
monitored during the vet checks to ensure that
the digestion process ist functioning properly.
Gut sounds
A piece of equipment for riding in the dark
Stirnlampe
which is attached around the helmet of the
rider.
The heart rate is generally measured as beats
per minute (Bpm). A low resting heart rate
Herzfrequenz
gives an advantage to a horse in endurance
riding.
A piece of equipment which allows the rider to
monitor the horse's heart rate while riding. It
usually consists of electrodes under the saddle
Pulsmeßgerät
or girth, and a monitor worn by the rider like a
watch.
head lamp
Heart rate
Heart rate monitor
Rate at which the heart rate falls to an
expected value or to the resting rate after the
exercise has come to an end.
The hematocrit represents the percentage or
concentration of red blood cells in blood.
Synonym for break time
Heart rate recovery
Hematocrit
Hold time
Regenerationszeit
Hämatokrit
Pausenzeit
Ice boots
A piece of equipment to cool down the horse's
legs to minimize inflammatory processes after
a long training ride or a competition.
Interval training (IT)
A form of conditioning that devides the exercise
into brief work periods of high intensity that
are followed by rest periods of lower intensity. Intervalltraining
The objective of interval training is to teach a
horse's tissues to tolerate anaerobic work.
Kühlgamaschen
Competitions that vary in distance between 25
Einführungsritte
and 39 kilometres
Period of time that it takes the jugular vein to
refill after blood flow has been blocked at the
Füllungszeit der Vena
bottom or the middle of the neck. This test
jugularis externa
reflects the blood volume and the efficiency of
the heart at pumping blood.
Introduction Rides
Jugular refill time
Lactic acid
Lactic acid is a toxic by-product of anaerobic
metabolism; it contributes to fatigue
Laktat
Locomotive system
The locomotive system consists of the skeletal
system, the joints and the muscular system.
Bewegungsapparat
Long Endurance Rides
Mass start
Medium Endurance Rides
Metabolic problems
and 160 kilometres
It is a starting method. Mass start means that
all riders start at the same time.
and 79 kilometres
They refer to the pathological function of the
cardiovascular system, the neurologic system,
the digestive system and / or the muscular
system. In the exercising horse these are
usually results of dehydration, electrolyte
imbalances, energy depletion or acid-base (pH)
imbalance.
Page 24
Lange Distanzritte
Massenstart
Mittlere Distanzritte
metabolische Probleme
Metabolism
Chemical changes in living cells by which
energy is provided for vital processes and
activities.
Mucous membranes
They are examined in the mouth, the eyes and
the nostrils and should be pink and moist. This Schleimhäute
is one of the metabolic criteria at vet checks.
Stoffwechsel
The tone of the muscles is a useful hydration
parameter because it reflects the blood and
Muskeltonus
oxygen flow to all tissues, including the
muscles.
This is the time when horse and rider are
allowed to leave the vet check again to go back Aus-Zeit
on the trail.
Pulse and respiration
Puls und Atmung
Muscle tone
Out time
P&R
P & R person
The person who notes the respiration and the
heart rate of the horse on the veterinary card.
Pit crew
Helpers who care for horse and rider during the
whole ride. Typically they water and feed the
Trosser, Betreuer
horse and the rider and carry equipment.
This is the vet check after the ride. The postride inspection decides whether the horses are
placed.
This is the vet check before the ride; here
veterinarians examine the horses, assess their
state of health and decide whether they are
allowed to start.
Post-ride inspection
Pre-ride inspection
Prize giving ceremony
Ride meeting
Rider card
Road Book
Short Endurance Rides
Sponge, Sponges
Stance phase
Stethoscope
Voruntersuchung
Re-Check, zusätzliche
Untersuchung
Vorbesprechung
Handbuch zur Strecke
This announcement includes the most
important facts about the competition, like the
Ausschreibung
organising committee, the entry conditions,
general rules and specific technical conditions.
Schedule
Skin pinch test
Nachuntersuchung
During this ceremony the medals are presented
Siegerehrung
to the winners of the competition.
Re-check means that the rider has to present
his horse to the veterinarian once again before
going back on the trail.
At the ride meeting the rider is informed about
all important things concerning the ride. He
gets information about the trail as such and
about all kinds of changes, for example
changes in the hold times.
see Veterinary card
The Road book includes maps and important
information about the course.
Re-check
PA - Helfer
Kurze Distanzritte
and 59 kilometres
The rate at which a fold of the horse's skin
snaps back into position after it has been
squeezed between the fingers. The skin should
Hautfaltentest
flatten back out in less than a second. This test
can indicate dehydration.
They are used for cooling a horse along the
Schwamm, Schwämme
trail and in vet checks.
The period of a gait when the foot is in contact
Stützbeinphase
with the ground.
A piece of equipment to monitor a horse's heart
rate and its rhythm and to assess the activity
Stethoskop
of the intestines by listening to intestinal
noises.
Page 25
Trot-out
Vet Check
Vet Gate
Veterinary Card
Water point
The veterinarian assesses the horse's
movements and looks for any indication of
lameness or pain. Therefore the horse has to
trot alongside the rider.
A mandatory veterinary inspection in which all
competing horses are evaluated for fitness and
health. There are vet checks before, during and
after every ride.
A Vet Gate is a vet check which is combined
with a break for horse and rider.
It states the personal details of horse and rider,
the results of the vet checks, the impressions
of the veterinarians (is the horse allowed to
start, fit to continue and fit to travel?) and the
placing
The water point is a point along the course
where grooming isn't allowed. Instead there is
water available for the horses.
Vortraben
Vet Check
Vet Gate
Check-Karte
Wasserstelle
glossary racing
agent
A person authorized to act on the behalf of a
jockey or owner. Generally refers to a jockey's
agent who lines up rides for him or her.
der Bevollmächtigte
baby race
A race where weights and eligibility to enter
are determined by conditions set by the racing
secretary.
A rider who has not ridden a specified amount
of winners within a specific time period. These
riders get weight allowances on all their
mounts based on the number of winners they
der Lehrling
have. 10 pounds until the fifth winner, 7
pounds until the 35th winner and five pounds
for one calendar year after the date of the 5th
winner.
A race for 2-year-olds.
das Fohlenrennen
backstretch
The straight way on the far side of the track.
bearing in (or out)
Failing to maintain a straight course, veering to
the left or right. Can be caused by injury,
taumeln
fatigue, outside distractions, or poor riding.
allowance race
apprentice
blanket finish
bleeder
blinkers
blowout
board
bobble
bolt
breeze
die hintere Gerade
When the horses finish so close for the win you
could theoretically put a single blanket across das Fotofinish
them.
Horse who had pulmonary bleeding during or
after a workout or race due to a ruptured blood der Bluter
vessel.
Equipment worn on the bridle to restrict a
die Scheuklappen
horse's vision on the sides to help maintain
attention and avoid distractions.
A short fast workout, usually a day or two
before a race, designed to sharpen a horse's
speed.
The tote board on which odds, betting pools
and other race information is displayed.
A bad step away from the starting gate,
sometimes caused by the ground breaking
away from under a horse and causing him to
duck his head or go to his knees.
Sudden veering from a straight course.
Working a horse at a moderate speed; less
effort than handily.
Page 26
das Wettbrett
ausbrechen
bug
bull ring
See apprentice. The mark (*) placed next to
the apprentice riders names in the program
resembles a squashed bug so they came to be
called bug riders.
Small racetrack less than one mile around.
der Lehrling
caulk
Projection on the bottom of a shoe to give the
die Stollen
horse better traction, especially on a wet track.
claiming race
A race where horses are entered for a specified
price and can be claimed (purchased) from the
das Verkaufsrennen
race for that price. Claimers are horses who
generally run only in claiming races.
classic
A race for three-year-olds, such as a Derby or
Oaks, that has a long standing tradition behind
das klassische Rennen
it. The American classics are the Kentucky
Derby, Preakness and Belmont Stakes.
clerk of scales
The official who is responsible for weighing the
riders before and after a race to ensure proper der Wiege-Vorsteher
weight is carried.
clocker
The person who times the morning workouts.
closer
clubhouse turn
conditioned race
conditioner
A horse who runs best in the latter part of the
race, coming from off the pace.
Generally the turn immediately after the finish
line and closest to the clubhouse.
der Trainingskoordinator
die Klubhauskurve
Eligibility to enter is determined by a set of
conditions such as age, sex, races won, etc.
A trainer.
Two or more horses finishing in an exact tie at
the finish.
A stakes race for three-year-old colts.
A race for fillies, mares, or both.
Wooden barrier (or rubber traffic cones) placed
a certain distance out from the inner rail, to
protect the inner part of the track (usually the
turf course) from traffic during workouts to
save it for racing.
The driver guides the trotter from the sulky
through the race.
The jockey stops the horse during the race so
he can't finish, usually due to an injury or
equipment problem.
Used for a horse that was in contention early
and drops back in the late stages. It is more
drastic than weakened but less drastic than
stopped.
der Trainer
first turn
Bend in the track beyond the starting point.
die erste Kurve
flag
Signal held by a man (referred to as a flagman)
standing just in front of the gate at the exact
die Flagge
starting point of race. Official timing starts
when flag is dropped to denote proper start.
dead-heat
derby
distaff race
dogs
driver
eased
faltered
front-runner
furlong
graded race
die Ex-Aequo-Platzierung
das Derby
die Absperrung
der Fahrer
aufgeben
zurückfallen
A horse who usually leads (or tries to lead) the
der Feldführer
field for as far as he can.
One-eighth of a mile; 220 yards; 660 feet.
The most important or prestigious races in
North America are assigned grades (I, II, or
III) based on the quality of previous winners
and the race's influence on other races or
championships.
Page 27
graduate
group race
hand ride
handicap
handily
harness trotting
head of the stretch
horse identifier
hot walker
hung
impost
invitational
lug (in or out)
maiden race
morning glory
morning line
mutuel clerk
nose
oaks
outrider
overnight race
overweight
Winning for the first time.
European equivalent to North American graded
races.
The jockey urges a horse with the hands and
arms without using the whip.
Race where the racing sectretary or track
handicapper assigns the weights to be carried.
Working or racing with moderate effort, but
more effort than breezing.
The trotter pulls the sulky and the driver
trough the race.
Beginning of the straight run for the finish.
The person who checks the lip tattoo of each
horse as they enter the paddock to make sure
the correct horses are running in the race.
Someone who walks horses to cool them out
after workouts or races.
A horse holding the same position, unable to
gain on the winner.
Weight carried or assigned.
A stakes race open only to horses who are
invited to enter. Generally no entry fee is
charged.
Action of a tiring horse, bearing in or out,
failing to keep a straight course.
Horses who have not yet won a race are
referred to as maidens, hence a race for non
winners.
Horse who performs well in morning workouts
but fails to fire in actual races.
Approximate odds quoted before wagering
begins.
The person at the window who takes your bets.
Also called a teller.
Smallest advantage a horse can win by. In
England called a short head.
A stakes race for 3-year-old fillies.
The person who rides the horses that
accompany the race horses to the post and
catches any horses who get loose.
A race where entries close a specific number of
hours before running (such as 48 hours), as
opposed to a stakes race where nominations
close far in advance.
Surplus weight carried by a horse when the
rider cannot make the assigned weight.
das Ausgleichsgewicht
das Trabfahren
die Zielgerade
der Pferdebegutachter
zurückbleiben
das Gesamtgewicht
das Einladungsrennen
taumeln
die Startquoten
der Wettenannehmer
die Nasenlänge
das Strafgewicht
pole
Markers at measured distances around the
track, marking the distance from the finish. The
die Entfernungsmasten
quarter pole, for instance, is a quarter of a mile
from the finish, not from the start.
post
post time
Starting point or position in starting gate.
Designated time for a race to start.
die Startposition
die Startzeit
racing secretary
The official who writes the conditions of races
and assigns weights for handicap races.
der Rennsekretär
ridden out
route race
Finishing a race without rider urging him to do
his utmost.
A race run at a mile or longer, generally around
das Routenrennen
two turns.
Page 28
Fixed weights to be carried by horses in a race
according to age, distance, sex, and time of
year.
To be taken out of a race.
Usually a lamb's wool roll half way up the
horse's face to keep him from seeing his own
shadow.
A race run at less than a mile, generally with
only one turn.
A race for which an owner must pay an entry
fee to run his horse. The fees can be for
nominating, maintaining eligibility, entering
and starting, and are generally added to the
amount put up by the track to make up the
total purse.
Mechanical device with stalls for horses to
stand in until the starter releases the doors in
front to begin the race.
scale of weights
scratch
shadow roll
sprint race
stake
starting gate
The top officials of a race meet who are
responsible for enforcing the rules of racing.
stewards
stickers
stretch
stretch runner
stretch turn
sulky
teller
tongue strap (or tie)
trotter
trotting under the saddle
valet
washy
Calks on shoes which give a horse better
traction in mud or on soft tracks.
Final straight portion of the racetrack to the
finish.
Horse who finishes fast in the stretch.
Bend of track into homestretch.
The special, two-wheeled cart used for trotting
races. It is very light so that the trotter is not
to much encumbered.
See mutuel clerk.
Cloth or rubber strap used to tie down a
horse's tongue to prevent it from choking in a
race or workout.
A horse used for trotting races.
This type of trotting races is done without a
sulky, a rider guides the trotter through the
race.
The person who takes care of a jockey's tack
and silks and helps him change for the next
race.
Horse breaking out in nervous sweat before
race, sometimes to the point it will be dripping
from his belly.
das Ausgleichsgewicht
gestrichen werden
der Schattenschutz
das Sprintrennen
die Startboxen
die Schiedsrichter
die Stollen
die Zielgerade
die Zielkurve
der Sulky / der
Traberkarren
der Wettenannehmer
das Zungenband
der Traber
das Trabreiten
der Diener
glossary polo
bump
A player is permitted to ride into another player
so as to spoil his/her shot. The angle of
collision must be slight causing no more than a die Kollision
jar. The faster the horse travels, the smaller
the angle must be.
chukkas
Each polo game is divided into four parts, the
chukkas. Each part is seven minutes long.
During a chukker it is allowed to change
horses. is a four minute interval between
chukkers and a ten minute halftime.
cross hook
field
A cross hook occurs when the player reaches
over his opponent's mount in an attempt to
hook; this is considered a foul.
The playing field is 300 yards long by 150
yards wide
Page 29
der Spielabschnitt
das Spielfeld
goal
Any time a ball crosses the line between the
goalposts, it is considered a goal regardless of
whether a horse or a mallet caused the ball to
das Tor
go through. In order to equalize wind and turf
conditions, the teams change sides after every
goal scored.
handicap
You can tell how good a player is on his
handicap. The range is from -2 (the least) to
10 (the best).
hook
A player may spoil another's shot by putting his
mallet in the way of the striking player.
knee guard
A leather guard to protect the rider's knee.
knock-in
If the ball goes wide of the goal, the defending
team is allowed a free 'knock-in' from the place
der Einwurf
where the ball crossed the goal line, thus
getting the ball back into play.
mallet
nearside
neckshot
offside
out of bounds
polo ground
polo helmet
positions
referee
stick
tail shot
team
third man
throw in
see "stick".
The left-hand side of a horse.
A ball which is hit under the horse's neck from
either side.
The right hand side of the horse.
die Vorgabe
der Knieschutz
der Schläger
When a ball crosses the sideline or goes over
the sideboards it is considered out of bounds
and the umpire throws in another ball between
the two teams at that point. No time-out is
allowed for an out-of-bounds ball.
see "field".
A specially durable helmet with a chin strap
and preferably a faceguard.
das Spielfeld
der Polohelm
Each of the 4 team members plays a distinctly
different position. Since polo is such a fluid
game, the players may momentarily change
positions but will try and return to their initial
assignment. No.1 is the most forward offensive
player. No.2 is just as offensive but plays
die Positionen
deeper and works harder. No.3 is the pivot
player between offense and defense and tries
to turn all plays to the offense. No 4 or the
Back, is the defensive player whose role is
principally to protect the goal.
A referee on the sidelines makes all the final
decisions concerning penalties or infractions of
the rules.
Usually a stick is made of bamboo and is from
49 to 52 inches long, depending on the heigth
of the polo pony.
Hitting the ball behind and across the horse's
rump.
Each team consists of four players.
The referee sitting at the sidelines. If and when
the two umpires on the field are in
disagreement, the third man makes the final
decision.
A chukker begins and many plays resume with
the umpires bowling the ball between the two
ready teams.
Page 30
der Hauptrichter
der Schläger
die Mannschaft
der Seitenrichter
der Einwurf
An umpire calls time-out when a foul is
committed, and accident occurs or at his own
discretion. A player may only call time-out if he
die Auszeit
has broken tack or is injured. No time-out is
allowed for changing horses or replacing a
broken mallet, although a player may do so at
any time.
Whenever a player plays against the rules, it is
called a foul. The other team then gets the ball regelwidrig handeln
or a penalty.
There are two mounted umpires who oversee
der Schiedsrichter
the game.
time out
to foul
umpire
Dressage,
Showjumping,
Racing and Polo
2
Katja Schnabel, Lars
Kahlert, Martin
Jungwirth, Katharina
Trischberger, Silke
Zimmer
General
Allgemein:
Bank
the best known natural jump is the bank at
Hamburg Derby. The bank has got obstacles
with up and down jumps.
Barrier Gate
is a high jump, too. In most cases it is painted
white or naturally coloured and in contrast to
Gatter
other high jumps, consists of only one element.
Bench
is a solid natural obstacle which is built
similarly to a normal bench, but much bigger.
Tha Bench is really a very powerfull jump.
Bank
Billiard
includes an up and a down jump and there is
an upright jump on the billiard in addition.
Billiard also belongs to the artificial obstacles.
Billiard
break out/swerve, to
Cavaletti
Distance
Double Combination
Fan- shaped Jump
the horse doesn't like the obstacle. It runs
round the obstacle it is supposed to jump. The
horse ignores the riders aids.
are 3 metre long poles all fastenend at a cross
at their ends. This is to achieve different
heights of the obstacles
is the gap between two obstacles. There are
distances from three up to six strides between
two obstacles.
consists of two obstacles. The maximum
distance between them can be two strides;
their minimum distance has to be least one
stride. The obstacle can be oxer and upright
jumps.
is like the triplebarre, but there is only one
gland on the one side and on the other side
there are three glands. The front pole is the
lowest and the last pole the highest.
Page 31
Wall
ausbrechen
Bodenrick
Distanz
Doppelte Kombination
Fächersprung
Fenced over Water Jump
in most cases a high- and long- jump, doesn´t
have the wideness of the open water jump,
because the horse has to jump high and far.
Überbauter Wassergraben
The obstacle can be substructured either by a
upright jump or by an oxer.
Filling
are all objects that are put under the obstacles,
for example pot flowers, casks and some other, Füllung
to render the obstacle design more cheerful.
flags
the flags show the rider from which side he
must jump the obstacle. The red flag is on the
right side and the white flag on the left side.
Hindernisflagge
get flat, to
the horse has too high speed so it hasn´t
enough power for the take-off and jumps very
flatly over the obstacle. When the horse gets
flat it will be given jumping faults.
flach werden
Holstein Jump
is a double combination. The upright jumps,
consisting of two white poles, are positioned on
Holsteiner Wegesprung
two small walls at a distance of at most two
strides.
In and Out Combination
consists of two obstacles. In most cases they
are two cavalettis, small crosses or low upright
jumps because the horse has to get over the
In- Out Kombination
second obstacle without a stride between, but
it has to take off again immediately after
landing from the first jump to the second.
jugde the take-off, to
Jump into water
Jump out of water
Jump up
Jumping series
knock down, to
Obstacle
Open Water Jump
Oxer
the rider must find the best take off pole to the
obstacle. This process is called to jugde the
take- off
is an obstacle where the horse lands straight in
the water. This jump requires the horse´s
confidence in the rider.
is a task where the horse has to get over an
obstacle from the water and to land on the
ground. This jump costs the horse much power
and energy because the water lessens the
horse´s impetus. It is part of the most cross
country competions.
it is another cross-country obstacle. It´s a
wood pile in front of a small hill the horse has
to run up.
include three or more obstacles put up at
certain distances. They are used in order to
improve the horse´s flexibility and skill. The
rider learns how to adapt the moment of
extension more easily.
the horse kicks off a pole strongly so that the
pole falls down. This process is called to knock
down.
always consists of at least two or three poles
which are put on flat, low cups and fixed to two
jumping stands.
can be up to 4.5 metres wide. The horse has to
approach at a very high speed and jump over
low, but far. While jumping the horse shouldn´t
touch the water surface.
consists of two glands, one behind the other,
and the front-pole is lower than the backpole.This makes horses not only jump high, but
also jump far.
Page 32
taxieren
Wassereinsprung
Wasseraussprung
Aufsprung
Sprungreihe
abwerfen
Hindernis
Wassergraben
Oxer
Palisade Rails
Pile of Wood
Plank
pull/rush, to
Pulvermanns Grave
rap, to
refuse, to
right, best
Roof Jump
Roofed over Jump
run out, to
are high jumps, too. It consists of a straightly
applied pole in combination with a diagonally
applied one.
can be an natural stacked heap of wood in the
forest or an imitated one in a cross- country
competition. A lot of trunks are piled up and
fixed by four side-posts.
is flat so that ist can not roll away easily.
Horses often don´t like to jump over it because
the plank makes the jump non- transparent by
its width
the rider approaches the obstacle in an
uncontrolled way
Eisenbahnschranke
Holzstoß
Planke
stürmen
is a 15 metre long obstacle which consists of a
fenced over water jump and two upright jumps.
It starts with a take-off followed by a fenced
Pulvermanns Grab
over water jump and finishes with a jump up.
It is also an artificially fixed obstacle invented
by the hunting- rider Eduard F. Pulvermann.
the horse kicks off a pole with the forehand or
hind legs but the pole doesn´t have to fall
down completely
the horse won't jump the obstacle and stops
short in front of it.
the rider chose the take- off ideally. The horse
jumps the obstacle in the optimal way.
anschlagen
verweigern
passender (Absprung)
is a fixed artificial obstacle which looks like a
Dachsprung
roof but of smaller dimension.
is often an upright jump over a pole or board
Überdachter Sprung
with a roof over it. That means the horse has
to jump through the obstacle.
the horse refuses the obstacle and runs around
vorbeilaufen
it. The horse ignores the rider aids.
Sequence
one obstacle behind the other is called a
sequence if the distance between them takes
the horse three, four, five or six strides.
Square Oxer
looks like an Oxer, but the upper poles are all
of the same height and the substructure of the
Carree- Oxer
obstacle is identical, too. This makes it possible
to jump the square oxer from both sides.
Staircase
Table
Take off Pole
take-off
Terraced- Jump
Sprungfolge
is a vertical, about 35 inches high elevation,
which can be built of several levels. The horse
has to get over it like for an in and out
combination. The obstacle looks like an
Treppe
ordinary staircase of larger stairs where the
horse has to land on and to jump from. The
staicase can be ridden as an up jump as well as
a down jump.
is a solid natural obstacle which looks like an
ordinary table, but much higher and broader in Tisch
dimension.
shows the horse where to start its jump. This
pole is put at a distance of 2.20 metres in front
Absprungstange
of the obstacle. It helps the horse to find the
correct point for the taking off.
this is the phase when the horse jumps away
from the base.
is constructed like the Staircase but it has got
only one level, which means that there is only
one up and down jump.
Page 33
Absprung
Terrassensprung
too close, getting under
the fence
the rider chose the take-off point too late and
the take- off is too close. The jump will be too
close and the horse often knocks down a pole.
später (Absprung)
the rider chose the take- off point too early and
too far back, standing back the take- off lay too far away. The jump will be früher (Absprung)
too far.
belongs to the artificially fixed jumps. It´s a
Trakehner Ditch
Trakehner Graben
special kind of fenced over water jump.
Triple- barre
consists of three glands, one behind the other,
which makes the distance much farther for the
Triplebarre
horse. As with the Oxer the first pole is the
lowest and the third pole is the highest.
Triple Combination
consists of three obstacles, which can be oxer
and upright jumps, too. Their minimum and
maximum distances are the same as in the
double combination.
Trunk
can be a natural as well as an artifical obstacle.
It can be made of small, but also up to 1 metre
Baumstamm
thick trunks. Actually trunk is an element of
every cross- country competition.
is a special kind of high jump where the horse
has to jump upwards to pass the obstacle.
According to the demand, two or three poles
are put on to the rack.
is also a single element, but much bigger than
the Barrier Gate and non-transperent, too. The
Wall is often the highest jump in a jumping
competition. There are a red and a natural
wall.
is a ride through a shallow water trench the
horse has to step through.
is always put up besides the obstacle. It has to
prevent the horse from breaking out at the
obstacles. The wings must be as high as the
obstacles itself.
Upright Jump
Wall
Watering through on
pasture
Wing
Dreifache Kombination
Steilsprung
Mauer
Wasserdurchritt
Fang
Glossary: Westernriding
1.) Equipment and outfit
Back Cinch
This part of the western saddle connects the
cinch and the back cinch with each other
Billy Allen Bit
This kind of bit is stronger than a normal bit
because it has
Bit
Boots
hinterer Bauchgurt
Snaffle with Shanks mit
doppelt gebrochenem
Mundstück
Side parts of a bit.
Gebiss, Kandare
Stiefel, auch
Part of a western sattle which goes around the
Schutzgamaschen für
chest and secures the saddle
Pferde
Bosal
Pair of protectors for the legs used by Cowboys
Nasenband aus Rohhaut
when riding and working. Today western riders
oder Leder
have to wear them at tournaments.
Bowline
Mouthpiece of a bridle.
Breast Collar
Cantle
Chaps
Knoten, der sich bei
Belastung nicht zuzieht
Part of the saddle - a girth that fixes the saddle
Brustgeschirr
onto the horse
Rückenlehne des
Backrest of the western sattle
Westernsattels
Footwear of westernriders or protection for the lederne Beinschützer,
horse´s legs
Überhosen
Page 34
Chin Strap
A western bridle without a bit. Often used when
Seitenteile des Gebisses
horses are started or for beginners.
Part of the bit that lies on the chin
Kinnriemen, -kette
Cinch
A second girth only used on westernsaddles.
(vordere) Sattelgurt
Connector Strap -
A knot, used on the bosal.
Curb Bit -
A kind of snaffle bit with shanks and a double
broken mouthpiece
Verbindungsriemen zw.
vorderem u. hinterem
Bauchgurt
Cheek Pieces
Roping, bei dem das Rope
(Lasso) nur bei Bedarf
durch Wickelungen ums
Sattelhorn gehalten und
nicht verknotet wird
Dally Roping -
Double Rigged Saddle Draw Reins Gear Grazer Bit Gullet -
Hackamore -
Hair Rope -
Gebiss mit Hebelwirkung
Sattel mit zwei
Bauchgurten
Schlaufzügel, seitlich
Running reins which are fixed on the side
befestigt
Cowboyausdruck für
Synonym for equipment
Ausrüstung (Equipment)
A bit that allows the horse to graze. Often used Kandare, mit der das Pferd
in endurance tests
auch grasen kann
Kammer des
The chamber of the westernsaddle
Westernsattels
gebissloser Zaum aus
Bosal und Mecate
(keinesfalls mit der
A bridle without a bit.
Mechanical Hackamore,
einer scharfen
Außenkandare, zu
verwechseln)
Mecate, aus Pferdehaar
Rope made of horse hair
geflochtenes Seil
A westernsaddle that has two girths to fix it
Headstall -
Headpart of a bridle
Kopfstück des Zaumzeugs
Lead Rope -
Rope used to lead a horse by hand
Führseil
Rope or reins made of mecate i.e. horse hair
aus Pferdehaaren
gefertigtes Seil (auch
Zügel), Durch ein
spezielles Gerbverfahren
erzeugtes,
widerstandsfähiges Leder
Mecate -
Reins -
Saddle-blanket which is put under the western
saddle
Part of a bridle,
Rigging -
Part of the saddle where the lasso is fixed
Romal-reins
Roma-reins are closed at the end.
Rope -
Ropes can be used as reins or lasso
Martingales are used as a help for riding. It
prevents the horsefrom carrying its head very Hilfszügel
high
these are parts of a curb bit which are located
one on the left side and the second one on the
Anzüge des Curb Bits
right side. They function because of the
leverage
It is a bridle without a bit. It is often used in
gebissloser Trainingszaum
training
Pad -
Running Martingale -
Shanks Sidepull -
Page 35
dicke Sattelunterlage
Zügel
Befestigungsmöglichkeit
des Westernsattels für die
Gurtung
abgeschlossene,
geschlossene Zügel
Seil, Wurfseil, Lasso
Slicker -
A slicker protects the rider from the rain. It is
ineviable for the work on a farm, for the work
with the cattle, work for cowboys
Sliding Plates -
These are special shoes which are used for the
reining horses. With these shoes it is easier for
the reining-horse to stop , to make a sliding
spezielle Hufeisen
stop. The condition makes it possible to slide
more than with normal shoes.
Snaffle Bit -
It is a kind of bit which is used especially for
beginners. It is softer than a curt bit.
Wassertrense
Spurs -
part of a rider's equipment. They are fixed to
the boots and support the rider's leg aids
Sporen
Stirrup -
These are parts of the saddle. The riders put
their feet in the spurs and his legs are fixed.
Steigbügel
Stock Saddle -
This is the name of the typical western saddles.
Cowboy- oder
Westernsattel
Sweet Iron -
There are bits which consist of metal and
others which are made of iron or a part in the
bit is made of iron. It tastes good and the
horse will be animated to champ on his bit.
This will have an effect on its head position
einfaches Eisen, das nicht
rostfrei ist und einen für
Pferde angenehmen
Geschmack hat
Western Bridle
headstall, leather with ornaments/decoration
komplettes Zaumzeug
Barrel Race -
At Barrel Racing the rider has ride through a
marked triangle of three oilbarrels. The rider
has to start in gallop and has to follow the
succession. It is allowed to touch the barrels
but not to overthrow them. If a rider
overthrows a barrel he will get 5 seconds
added. A good rider will ride this distance of
150 m in about 13 seconds. it will be ridden at
Rodeos and exclusively by women.
Rennbewerb um drei
Tonnen herum
Cutting
In this discipline the horse has to work with
cattle. The rider has two and a half minutes to
ride in a herd, to choose a piece of cattle and
to separaet it from the herd to cut. The horses
have to be especially athlethic and show catlike
movements. They have to prevent the cow
from running back to its herd. In this 2 and a
half minutes the rider has to work at least two
Die Arbeit mit dem Rind.
pieces of cattle. The rider is not allowed to give
any aids. The horses which are especially
suitable for cutting have the instinct “to read”
the cattle- the so called cow-sense. It has to
know what the cattle will do before it makes
the movement. There are rules which are
discribed into the last detail and after these
rules the rider will be jugded.
Fence Work -
This is the second part of the discipline
Working Cowhorse. The rider and the horse
Teil der Disziplin Working
have two minutes to work the cattle, to control
Cowhorse
it in the arena. There is a special pattern which
they have to complete.
Regenmantel
2.) Disciplines
Page 36
Freestyle Reining -
Freestyling is an attendances magnet and it is
very popular especially in the USA. The rider
decides what or who he wants to interpret. He
has to choose suitable music and has to make Reining-Kür mit Musik und
his own pattern. This discipline is similar to
Kostüm
dressage. A freestyle (KÜR) has to be ridden
which is about 4 minutes. Rider and horse have
to show perfect maneuvers to music.
Halter
This discipline is a breeding show for western
horses. The judges will look especially at the
exterieur but also the representation of the
horse. The horses will be shown in the hand
only.
Hunter under Saddle
Here the rider has to show a horse which is
willing, easy to ride and with strong gats. The
horse will be ridden with an english saddle and
bridle and the rider has to wear english clothes.
The judge will evaluate the horse´s condition
Englisches Vorreiten mit
with 80% and the exterieur with 20%. Hunter englischer ausrüstung.
Under Saddle demands the three main gaits
walk, trot and canter like in western pleasure
but with more speed. the class Hunter Hack
the rider has to take two obstacles additionally.
Pole Bending -
This discipline is a slalom race.The rider has to
ride through six poles in two directions. If the
ride loses his hat he will get 5 seconds added.
Slalomrennen um sechs
The distance between the poles from the first
Stangen herum
up to the last pole is 6.3 meters. The rider can
decide whether he starts from the right hand
side or from the left hand side.
Quarter Mile Race -
In former times the English loved their horses
as well as their horseraces. So they organised
races when ever they had time or where ever it
was possible. During the history a quarter mile Rennen über eine
was the standard. And here the American
Viertelmeile
Quarters Horses were the best sprinters in this
distance in the world. so they got their name
Quarter Horse.
Reining -
Reining is the top discipline of western riding.
It is the western dressage with a lot of quick
lections ridden in a perfect execution. Reining
will be ridden in canter, mixed with spins, stops
and back up. To ride it in a correct way the
horses need special hoof shoes and the ground
anspruchsvollste Westernhas to be a special one. There is a pattern
Dressurprüfung
which the rider has to know. There are
maneuver like spins, sliding stops, flying
changes, roll back, speed control and back up.
Reining has been approved as an FEI discipline
since April 2002. The reiners want it to become
an olympic discipline.
Page 37
Vorführen an der Hand und
die beurteilung des
Pferdes.
Showmanship at Halter
Showmanship at halter is an discipline where
riding is not the most important thing. Here
you will see a correct work on the hand. It is
only for youth classes and amateur riders. Only
the leader will be judged how he present his
horse. For sure he will have a good educated
and calm horse which will have a positiv
influence on the whole of the evaluation. Next
to the correct standing of the horse and the
perfect attending of the demanded exercises
the state of his fosterage of the horse, the
equipment and the clothes will evaluate.
Stallions are not admitted like in all youth
classes.
Team Penning
A team of three riders has to separate cattle
Die Arbeit mit den Rindern,
from a herd and round them up in a corral in
jedoch in einem Team von
2.5 minutes. The team which is fastest will win. 3 Reitern.
Trail
In this discipline the rider and the horse have
to do ability exercises. Some obstacles are built
in a certain way similar to those in nature.
There is for example a gate, which the rider
has to open, to pass through and close, a
bridge, moat, rods, branches or tarps. The
rider also has to back through two barrels and
an “L”. It is not allowed to touch one of the
rods. It is necessary that the horse will listen to Pfad, Disziplin des
the rider and react immediately to the cues. It Westernreitens über einen
has to be led through the obstacles. Scoring is Hindernis-Parcours
based on the horse's willingness, ease and
grace in negotiating the course. The different
exercises should be ridden at a certain speed.
For every break at one of the obstacles points
will be taken off. The rider gets extra points
for style and a correct performance of the
exercise and also for the willingness of the
horse.
Western Horsemanship -
In this competition the accomplishment of the
rider will be judged. Next to the aids and the
posture of the rider during the separate
lections will be evaluated. The demanded
exercises have to be done very accurately and
this demands an enormous control of the horse
itself. There are no spectacular maneuvers but
rider and horse have to be very ambitious. The
competition consists of two parts: In the first
part the rider has to do a short but an
absolutely correct exercise. The first part
counts 80%.
Jugend- und
Amateurbewerb; ähnlich
der Pleasure mit
vorgegebener
Einzelprüfung
The Pleasure is like a material test, equal and
slow gaits will be shown at a loose rein. Also
the representation of horse and rider will be
judged. The judges want to see that it is a
pleasure (=Western pleasure) to ride it.
Dressurprüfung, bei der die
Gangarten bewertet
werden
This is a discipline which is like a dressage
exercise. Here the rider and the horse have to
make especially accurate flying changes.
Disziplin im Westernreiten
mit fliegenden
Galoppwechseln an
vorgeschriebenen Punkten
Western Pleasure -
Western Riding -
Page 38
Disziplin in der der Reiter
bewertet, wird wie er sein
führt, präsentiert und die
festgelegten Aufgaben
erledigt.
Working Cowhorse
This cattle discipline consists of two parts: at
first the rider has to ride a reining-exercise. It
is called “dry-work”. In the second part a piece
of cattle will be led in the arena and the rider
and the horse have to control it in the arena.
The rider has 2 minutes to work with the cattle.
Die Arbeit mit dem
At first the rider has to stop it on the short side
eizelnen rind in der Arena.
of the arena =boxing. Then he has to turn it at
least one time in every direction on the long
side against the wall. At the end the rider has
to push the cow in the middle of the arena and
to work it in a “8” -- that means 2 circles. The
part is called the “fence-work”.
Harness Racing
General
BOXED IN
BREAK
BROODMARE
CARD
CATCH DRIVER
CLAIMING RACE
CLASS
COLT
CONDITIONED RACE
COVER
CROSS FIRE
DEAD HEAT
DISTANCED
Allgemein
A horse that is racing on the rails (or fence)
and is surrounded by other horses in front,
outside and behind. A horse that is boxed in is
held up and unable to gain a clear passage.
To start galloping and loose natural trotting or
pacing rhythm. It occurs more with trotters
than pacers.
A female horse, generally retired from racing,
used for breeding purposes.
Another term for program of racing. For
example, a person may refer to there being
eight races on the card, which simply means
eight races will be staged at that particular
day.
A driver who doesn't train his or her own
horses, and is engaged by other trainers and
owners to drive their horses.
A race where any of the entrants may be
claimed (purchased) for a specified amount.
A horse which has raced adequately against
better foes may find his way into the winner's
circle, while a horse who has beaten inferior
foes may find tougher horses not to its liking. A
fairly reliable way of checking class is
comparing the purses of the previous races and
the present race.
A male 3 years of age or less.
A race where eligibility is based on age, sex,
money won, or races won. For example, "3year-old fillies, non-winners of $10,000 or 4
races."
A horse that races with another horse in front
of him is said to race with cover, as the leading
horse cuts the wind resistance.
When a horse's hind foot strikes the opposite
front foot or leg.
A situation in which the judges cannot separate
two or more horses when judging the outcome
of a race.
A horse that is out of touch with the rest of the
field at the end of the race. This is often
referred to as finished distanced.
Page 39
eingesperrt
aus der Gangart fallen
Zuchtstute
Rennprogramm
Gastfahrer
jeder Starter bekommt
einen Mindestbetrag
Klasse des Pferdes
Junghengst
eingeschränktes Rennen
Pferd, das im Windschatten
läuft
diagonales Hufe
anschlagen
toter Durchgang
abgeschlagen
DRIVER
EARLY/LATE CLOSER
FILLY
FIRST-OVER
FOAL
FREE LEGGED
HANDICAPPING
HARNESS
The person holding a license or permit to drive
harness horses. There are different types of
licenses, which correspond to differing levels of
experience.
A race requiring payments which start much
closer to the actual race date than a stake
"Early" and "Late" involve specified periods of
time.
A female 3 years of age or less.
The first horse to make a move on the leader in
a race, moving up on the outside.
A newly born horse. Also describes the act of a
mare giving birth.
A pacer which races without wearing hobbles.
Fahrer
Einzahlungsrennen
Jungstute
Erstangreifer
Fohlen bzw abfohlen
ohne Hobbles
The first step in successfully picking a winner
(or "handicapping") is becoming familiar with
reading the racing program. Each program has
a section explaining the information format
used at that particular track. Probably the best
hindern
place to start when handicapping
Standardbreds is time. Since over 99 percent
of all harness races are conducted at the onemile distance, valid comparisons can be made
among horses.
The gear which is used to attach the sulky to a
Fahrgeschirr/Ausrüstung
horse, to carry the hobbles and to enable the
driver to steer the horse.
HOME STRETCH
The straight length of the track, nearest the
spectators, where the finish line is situated. It
is called this because it is the final part of the
track a horse travels down during a race -- on
its run 'home' (or run to the finish line).
HOBBLES
The straps which connect the front and rear
legs on the same side of a horse. Most pacers
wear hobbles to help balance their stride and
maintain a pacing gait. The length of hobbles is
Fuß-"fesseln"
adjustable and a trainer registers the length
that best suits his or her horse. There are also
trotting hobbles that work through a pulley
system to help trotters maintain their gait.
INQUIRY
Stewards may conduct an inquiry as a result of
any incident which may have occurred during a
race, to determine whether or not certain
Untersuchung/Prüfung
drivers and/or horses were responsible for the
incident and whether they should receive due
punishment.
INVITATIONAL
LAME
A race for the top horses in the area. Also
known as Open or Free-For-All.
The term used to describe a horse which is
limping or has difficulty walking properly.
Zielgerade
Einladungsrennen
lahmen
LEASING
As opposed to buying a harness horse, people
have the option of leasing one. Just like some
people lease a car instead of paying the money
up-front, leasing a horse gives people use of a
Leasing
horse without large capital outlay. An
agreement or contract must be drawn up
between the two parties, and the lease must be
registered with the relevant controlling body.
MAIDEN
A horse which has not yet won a race.
Page 40
Pferd ohne Sieg
PARI-MUTUEL RACE
PARKED
A race in which wagering is allowed, held at a
track licensed by a state’s racing commission.
Pari-mutuel races are held at licensed parimutuel racetracks or fairs.
A horse racing on the outside, with at least one
horse between it and the inside rail.
Rennen, auf das gewettet
wird
Pferd in zweiter Spur
(außen)
PHOTO FINISH
When two horses cross the finish too closely to
identify a winner, officials call for a photograph
Zielbild
of the race, taken exactly at the finish line, to
help them determine who was ahead.
POCKET
A horse in a pocket is unable to obtain a clear
run because it has other runners situated in
front, behind and to the side of it.
POST POSITION
Generally, the closer a horse starts to the
inside rail or barrier of the track (especially on
smaller tracks), the better is its chance of
winning. At the start, horses must either
"leave" (start quickly) to get a good position or
else find a place on the rail to avoid racing on Startposition
the outside of other horses. When racing on the
outside the horse is said to be "parked out",
and loses ground on every turn. A horse on the
inside has a better chance to get to the rail or
quickly get a good position.
QUALIFIER
A race in which a horse must go a mile below
an established time standard to prove itself
capable of competing in pari-mutuel races.
SCRATCHING
A horse that is withdrawn (or scratched) from a
vom Start zurückziehen
race before the start.
SIRE STAKE
Stake races designed to promote Standardbred
breeding and racing within a state. Different
states have different rules regulating eligibility
to that state’s sire stakes program. Rules
Zuchtrennen(speziell USA)
include: a horse must be the offspring of a
stallion standing in the state or a mare living in
that state, owned by a resident of that state, or
the horse was born in that state.
STAKE RACE
A race where owners make a series of
payments, starting well in advance, to keep a
Zuchtrennen
horse eligible. If an owner misses a payment to
a stakes race, the horse becomes ineligible.
STARTER
The person responsible for starting a harness
race. The starter controls the start of the race
from the back of the mobile vehicle.
SULKY
TIME TRIAL
TOTE BOARD
Wagering
eingeschlossen
Qualifikation
Startrichter
Also known as the cart or racebike, the sulky is
attached to the harness and carries the driver Sulky
and which the horse pulls.
An attempt to have a horse beat its own best
time in a non-competitive event. A time trial is
not a race. Galloping horses hitched to sulkies, Zeitfahren
called prompters, are used to push a horse to
its best effort.
An electronic board, usually in the infield of a
track, which posts the odds, amount of money
Totalisator
bet, results of a race and the wagering payoffs.
Wetten
Page 41
WIN
The horse you select must come in first.
The horse you select must come in first or
second.
The horse you select must come in first,
second, or third.
A bet attempting to pick the winner of two
consecutive races.
PLACE
SHOW
DAILY DOUBLE
auf Sieg
auf Platzierung
-
Driving
Elmar Draxler Andreas
Thil, Eva Druck, Sabine
Leitner
arena
axle
backband
backstraps
bearing buckle
bearing strap
bellyband
the size of the arena for a driven dressage test
to be held under FEI rules must be 100 meters
long and 40 meters wide and marked with the
usual dresage letters.
the axis made of wood or metal in which the
wheels of the vehicle turn.
wide part which crosses the back behind the
withers; it spreads into the bellyband.
strap which connects the backband with the
crupper.
the fixing ring for the bearing strap.
the connecting piece between the backband
and the trace.
it lies onto the girth; this strap has a carrying
function.
Dressurviereck
Achse
Rückenriemen (quer zur
Wirbelsäule)
Rückenriemen (längs der
Wirbelsäule)
Halterungsschnalle
Halterungsriemen
Trageriemen
bow-topped whip
it is used to motivate the horses with clicking
sounds, rather than to hit them actually.
Bogenpeitsche,
Fahrpeitsche
brake
open, four-wheeled vehicle.
offener, vierrädriger
Wagen
breast collar
this harness has its pullpoint on the breast with
Brust-Kummet
a wide breast-piece (opposite to neck collars)
breast piece
breeching
breeching strap
browband
Buxton bit
cab
carriage
carriage horse
cheek piece
collar
part of breast collar-harness; it is the
important strap for the pulling energy.
used in single or pair harness; strap which goes
round the back part of the buttock.
leather piece which connects the breeching
with the trace.
front part of the bridle to fix it on the head
(between eyes and ears).
created by Buxton to...
it was used in the 19th century in public
transportation.
vehicle used for the transportation of people or
goods.
the horse that had to pull the carriage.
Bruststück, -riemen
Bandgurt
Scherenriemen
Stirnriemen
Buxton Kandare
Taxi-Kutsche
Wagen, Kutsche
Wagen- bzw. Kutschpferd
the lateral leather piece of the bridle to fix it on
Backenstück
the head.
big and heavy leather frame which can be put
over the horse's head. It is a way to harness a Kummet
horse.
coachman
the man who sits at the front of the carriage
and holds the lines to drive the horses.
coupling reins
at the horses' end of the draught rein; they are
Kreuzleinen
the end-pieces of the reins connected to the
bit.
Page 42
Kutscher
cross head (crab)
crupper
cup winkler
drag
driver
draught reins
at the end of the middle trace of a pair
harness; it fixes the two pole straps there
together.
long leather piece on the back of the horse
which is attached to the horse's tail, so the
harness-gear is fixed.
they prevent the horses from looking back so
they cannot be disturbed by overtaking
vehicles. The horses can just overlook the
scene in front of them.
also known as "park coach" or "private coach";
it is used for private driving purposes; sport
vehicle.
see coachman.
the middle part of the reins which the driver
holds in his hands to steer the carriage.
Schweifriemen
Scheuklappen
Privatkutsche
Fahrer
Zugleinen
Engl. bzw.
created by Achenbach. It is the most practiced
„Achenbach'sche
way of driving.
Anspannung"
Engl. bzw.
English or Achenbach Rein
see explanation above.
„Achenbach'sche
Handling
Leinenhaltung"
face drop
if the bellyband is parted into two leather
false girth
straps, the false girth means the smaller back kleiner Bauchgurt
one.
English or Achenbach
Harness
four-in-hand
gig
girth
groom
hame
hame strap
Hungarian way to hold four reins in one hand.
it has just two wheels and a forward-facing
seat for two people (the driver and another
person).
if the bellyband is parted into two leather
straps, the girth means the front one which
leads under the front part of the belly.
the person who takes care of the horses'
health, comfort and the leather carriage
cleaning; used to accompany the driver in
former times.
„vier in einer Hand"
zwei-rädriger Wagen
Bauchgurt
Pferdepfleger
part of the neck collar
leather piece which connects the neck collar
with ...
harness
the leather-construction which binds the horse
to the vehicle so the horse can pull it forward.
harness, to
verb for connecting horse and carriage.
harness to
see explanation above.
professional saddlemaker who has specialized
Geschirrmacher
on making driving harnesses.
a four-wheeled carriage in which the coffin was
carried; pulled by horses known as the "Black
Leichenwagen, -kutsche
Brigade".
harness-maker
hearse
Geschirr, Anspannung
Pferd vor den Wagen
spannen
anspannen an
horse driving
discipline of horse sport; different number of
horses harnessed to different types of
carriages.
Fahrsport, Fahren
Hungarian Harness
way to harness horses; created in Hungary.
„Ungarische Anspannung"
Irish Car
the traditional two-wheeled vehicle of Ireland.
„Irischer Wagen", „Irische
Kutsche"
Page 43
kidney link and ring
metal loop in form of a kidney; it is located on
the lower part of a neck collar. The martingale
and the pole strap are fixed there.
nierenförmige
Metallschlaufe
Landau Wagonette
Wagonette with a leather hood which can be
open longitudinally to lie back towards the
sides of the road.
„Landauer"
lead bar
shorter part of the "swingle trees"; it is directly
behind the horse (nearly at the height of the
Stange
hock) to hold the trace-ends in their position.
leader
line (AE)
horse in front position; it has to be a reliable
and experienced one.
American word for reins.
Führungspferd
Fahrleine
loin strap
back piece of a single or pair harness; it goes
around the upper part of the croup; it connects Schweberiemen
the breeching on either side of the buttock.
long price
term used to describe the costs of an expensive
teures Pferd
horse.
main bar
martingale
near lead
near wheel
nearside horse
neck collar
neck strap
noseband
off lead
off wheel
offside horse
pacer
pair driving
pair harness
Phaeton
pole
longer part of the "swingle trees"; it connects
the two lead bars directly in its middle.
leather strap which goes from the girth
between the forhand to the kidney ring on the
neck collar so the collar cannot slip left or
right.
the rein of the left horse in front position; when
driving the "Achenbach Style" it is held
between thumb and forefinger.
the rein of the left horse in back position; when
driving the "Achenbach Style" it is held
between forefinger and middle finger.
horse on the left side (seen from the position of
the driver).
see collar.
part of the bridle which goes over the neck
behind the ears.
part of the bridle which goes around the nose.
the rein of the right horse in front position;
when driving the "Achenbach Style" it is held
between fore- and middle finger.
the rein of the right horse in back position;
when driving the "Achenbach Style" it is held
between middle and ring-finger.
horse on the right side (seen from the position
of the driver).
Hauptstange
Martingal
„führungsnah", linke
Position
„Radnähe", linke Position
Pferd auf der linken Seite
(vom Fahrer aus)
Nacken-Kummet
Genickstück
Nasenriemen
„führungfern", rechte
Position
„radentfernt", rechte
Position
Pferd auf der rechten Seite
(vom Fahrer aus)
type of horse which is distinguished by his
action and driven with a sulky in trotting races.
Passgänger, Traber
A pacer moves lateral two-times whereas a
trotter moves in diagonal two-times.
driving with two horses in pair harness.
zweispännig fahren
harness for two horses.
Zweispänner
open carriage with four wheels driven from the
offene, vierrädrige Kutsche
forward-facing seat.
the long hard bar between the two horses of a
Stange
pair harness, or the outer bars of a single one.
Page 44
fixed with the kidney ring, it connects the lower
Aufhalteriemen
part of the neck collar with the cross head.
pole strap
instead of being driven by a coachman, each
horse was used for being ridden and left from a Pferde der Postkutsche
"post office".
Vierer-Zug, Viererfour horses harnessed in pairs.
Anspannung
a Greek chariot with four horses harnessed
(grch.) Vierer-Gespann
abreast.
three horses harnessed one in front of the
Dreier-Zug, Dreierother, in one line.
Gespann
postillion horses
quadrem
quadriga
randem
rein handling
way of handling the reins, how to use them.
Leinenführung
reins
connecting lines between the horse's mouth
and driver's hand.
Fahrleinen, Fahrzügel
reins for a four-in-hand
reins for driving a four-horse-chariot.
rosette
shaft horse
shaft
single harness
single-driving
sledge
steering
sulky
Leinen für einen ViererZug
round metal plate which decorates the crossing
Rosette
point of neck strap, cheek piece and throat
lash.
wheeler in a tandem or randem.
hinterstes Pferd
Deichsel
just one horse is harnessed.
Einspänner
to drive only one horse.
einspännig fahren
vehicle for driving on snow in winter.
Schlitten
to give the horses the right direction.
steuern, lenken
a low single-seated vehicle which is built of
zweirädriger Wagen für
tubular steele with two pneumatic-tired
Trabrennen
wheels; used for trotting races.
swingle trees
swinging system of lead and main bars behind
"schwingende Äste"
the hindquarters of the horses to connect them
team harness
more than two horses are harnessed together
in different variations.
terret
rings through which the reins go; they help to
hold them separate and not to get tangled up.
thirteen-in-hand
throat lash
trace
tandem
driving with 13 horses harnessed.
leather strap of the bridle which goes under the
throat.
long lateral strap from the neck collar back to
the lead bar.
two horses in a line; breast collar on the leader
and neck collar on the wheeler.
Gruppenanspannung
Leinenangel,
Leinenschlüssel
(Ringvorrichtungen)
13er-Zug
Kehlriemen
langer Riemen
Zweier-Zug, ZweierGespann
triga
Greek three-horse-chariot, harnessed abreast.
(grch.) Dreier-Zug
troika
Russian method of harnessing three horses.
russischer Dreier-Zug
tug
connecting point of trace and the lateral end of
"Zerr-Stelle"
the bellyband; point of pulling energy.
tug buckle
wheeler
winker stay
winker stay buckle
fixing loop for the trace and the lateral end of
the bellyband.
horse near the wheels, in back position.
connecting strap between the neck strap and
the cup winkers themselves.
loop between the winker stay and the cup
winkers.
Zerr-Schnalle
hinteres Pferd
Blendriemen
Blendriemen-Schnalle
Eventing
Page 45
Stefanie Krobath, Ulrike
Höhndorf, Elisabeth
Rink, Nora Küchler
Adelaide Horse Trials
Back number
Back protector
Badminton Horse Trials
Bascule
Basic speed
Bit control
Bridle
Briefing
Burhley Horse Trials
C box
This is an annual three day event held in the
CBD of the city of Adelaide, state capital of
South Australia. It is one of only four CCI****
(four star) events in the world. The other four
star events are: Badminton Horse Trials,
Burghley Horse Trials, Kentucky Three Day
Event.
When you ride an eventing competition you
have some figures on your back to distinguish
you from other competitors.
It is a special waistcoat in a hard material. It
should damp the collision during a fall and try
to avoid injuries on the backbone.
This is a three day event, one of only four elite
international four star, CCI****, events as
classified by the FEI. It takes place in May each
year in the park of Badminton House, the seat
of the Dukes of Beaufort in Gloucestershire,
England.
This is a term used to describe the arc a horse
makes as it jumps a fence.
This is the normal speed of walk, trot and
canter.
The judges will control the different bits the
riders use because one can not use all types of
bits, since there a certain rules.
This is an item of equipment worn on the
horse´s head, enabling the rider to
communicate his wishes through use of the bit
and the reins.
1.The act or an instance of giving instructions
or preparatory information to someone. 2. A
meeting at which such information is
presented.
This is an annual three day event held at
Burghley House near Stamford, Lincolnshire,
England. Burghley is classified by the FEI as
one of the four leading four star three day
events in the world. The prize for first place is
currently _40,000.
"Adelaide Horse Trials"
Rückennummer
Rückenschützer/-schoner
"Badminton Horse Trials"
Bascule
Grund Tempo
Gebisskontrolle
Trense
Vorschau
"Burhley Horse Trials"
The C and D boxes have basically the same
purpose: they provide the horse with some
additional recovery. There is no time set for the
C box. It is up to the ground jury in
consultation with the TD at every individual
event to decide on the time for the C box which
can range from one minute to ten minutes. The
time set by the TD is determined by the
weather conditions on the day. Riders should
remember that the C box is part of phase C
C Box
and it makes no difference what time you turn
up at the C box as you will still have to stay
there for the allocated time. The procedure in
the C box is very similar to the D box with
regard to cooling down the horse but to a
lesser degree as the horse should not be too
hot. Vets are available but unless they are
concerned they will not take temperatures or
heart rates.
Page 46
Three beated gait of the horse in which one
hind leg strides first (the leading leg), followed
Galopp
by the opposite diagonal pair and finally the
opposite foreleg.
Adjustable low wooden jumps used in the
Cavaletti
schooling of horses and riders.
Canter
Cavaletti
CCI (with steeplechase)
An international three day event which includes
roads and tracks and steeplechase.
CCI (without steeplechase)
An international three day event, which
excludes roads and tracks and steeplechase.
An international three day event, which does
not include roads and tracks and steeplechase,
for junior riders.
An international one day event.
CCIJ (without
steeplechase)
CIC
At an obstacle composed of several elements
(A,B,C, etc.) a horse will be penalised if it
passes around any element or circles between
elements at any time between first being
presented at the obstacle and finally
completing the last element. After being
Kreis
penalised for a refusal, run-out, fall or circle a
competitor is permitted to cross his original
track without penalty in order to make another
attempt and may also circle one or more times
without penalty, until he again presents his
horse at the obstacle.
Circle
CNC
Combined Training
Compulsory flags
Compulsory stopping area
A national one day event.
Equestrian competition held over one or three
days and including the disciplines of dressage,
cross country and show jumping. It is also
known as eventing.
The eventing rider has to ride through these
gates composed of red and white flags during
the cross country course.
On a three day event (with steeplechase) there
are some of these areas between the cross
country phases where the horses are cooled
down and checked by a vet. They are called the
C and D boxes because they are after phase C
and D.
Vielseitigkeit
Pflichttor
Zwangspausenzone,
Pflichtstop
Conditioning
There are two types of conditioning: the
country training and the mountain training.
Country training means riding through the
landscape, over meadows, through woods and
over obstacles and hurdles. Mountain training
is riding up and down a mountain several
times. That will strengthen the buttock, croup
and thigh muscles. All this training is positive
for the horse's condition.
Cooling down
After a hard work a horse must cut the puls,
heart rates and so on. The best way to achieve Abkühlung
a cooling down is to lead the horse in walk.
Page 47
Konditionstraining
Countdown to the start
Counter Canter
Once the horse is being walked, confirm the
count down procedure with the officials. Usually
the vet will require you to re-present your
horse to him four minutes before the starting
time. At this point the horse should be ready
Herunterzählen zum Start
for the rider get on. The vet will ask you to trot
the horse and he will check its soundness. By
now you will have around two minutes to get
your rider on board and apply grease if
required.
School movement in which the horse canter in
a circle with the outside leg leading, instead of Kontergalopp
the more usual inside leg.
Mental or moral strength to venture, persevere
Mut
and to withstand danger, fear or difficulty.
Courage
It is a person who builds a parcours for
showjumping or a cross country course. For
this job you must have a licence and you must Parcoursbauer
be qualified to construct courses in higher
levels.
It is a phase of an eventing competition and it
involves jumping solid obstacles in a certain
Geländestrecke
predetermined order and speed through the
landscape.
The arrangement of the courses which goes
Parcourgestaltung
through the landscape.
Course designer
Cross country
cross country course
design
cross country course plan
They show the track of the cross country
course and will be given to each competitor.
The plan must include the positions of the
starts and the finishes of each phase, the
numbered compulsory passages on phases A
Geländeskizze
and C, the numbered obstacles and compulsory
passeges on phases B and D, the distance of
the phases, the optimum times and time limits
of the phases.
D box or ten minutes box
The D box is used as a recovery phase for the
horse prior to the cross country course. Unlike
the C box, where the time in the box is decided
by the ground jury, the D box is always 10
10 Minuten Box
minutes. The groom and helpers will check the
horse for injuries and check that the boots are
still in place. They will also cool the horse down
using rapid cooling procedures.
disqualification
Disqualification means that a competitor and
his horse or horses may not take further part in
the competition. The ground jury may
Disqualifikation
disqualify a competitor in different cases, for
example if the competitor abuses his horse
and/or rides dangerously.
disqualification or
elimination from one test
Doping test
Double Bridle
Disqualification or elimination from one of the
tests entails disqualification or elimination from
the final classification.
The vet pulls blood after the race to look for
forbidden substances that might have been
given to the horse during the event or before
to improve the performance.
Traditional English bridle with two bits, a
snaffle and a curb, giving the rider a greater
degree of control than a single bit. Double
bridles are allowed and used at eventing
competitions.
Page 48
Disqualifikation oder
Elimination von einer
Prüfung
Dopingtest
Kandarenzaum und
Unterlegtrense
Dressage test
Endurance
Equitation
Eventing
The dressage test is similar to an ice skater´s
compulsory figures test. It is one part of
eventing, which is open to subjective scoring.
You and your horse have to perform a set
Dressur
number of movements in a particular sequence
within an arena measuring 60m x 20m or 40m
x 20m.
The ability to withstand hardship or adversity;
especially: the ability to sustain a prolonged
Ausdauer
stressful effort or activity (an eventing horses
endurance)
This is the art of horse riding.
Reitsport
It is a name of a horse sport. It is a three
phase competition with dressage, cross country Vielseitigkeit
and showjumping.
Eventing horse
The eventing horse is exceeded by no other
horse in courage, hardness and perseverance.
Vielseitigkeitspferd
The horse should be motivated, militant, strong
and hard and strong.
Exercise Area
At a three day event extensive areas suitable
for the general exercise of horses must be
available and must be open throughout the
hours of daylight. These should include tracks
and areas for hacking and for galloping. The
organising committee must inform the
competitors of the areas that are available for
this purpose. Horses may be exercised only in
such designated areas and/or in the practise
areas for dressage and jumping.
Fall
A competitor is considered to have fallen when
he is separated from his horse in such a way as
to necessitate remounting or vaulting into the
saddle. A horse is considered to have fallen
when at the same time both its shoulder and
der Sturz
quarters have touched either the ground or the
obstacle and the ground or when it is trapped
in a fence in such a way that it is unable to
proceed without assistance or is liable to injure
itself.
Farrier
A farriar is a skilled craftsman who shoes
horses.
Faults on the course
These are failings on the test. As faults are
considered knocking down an obstacle,
Fehler auf der Strecke
disobedience and fall of competitors or horses.
finish sign
Flying Change
Gallop
Gallop
grease
Groom
In addition to the red and white boundary flags
the finishing line of each phase is also marked
by distinct signs.
Change of canter lead performed by the horse
to rebalance during turns and changes of
direction.
Gallop is a sort of canter but faster.
Gallop is a three beated gait of the horse like
the canter but faster.
Grease is a kind of gunge. Eventing grease is
used in an attempt to protect the horse´s legs
should he hit a fence.
Great Reliable Optimistic Organised Mate. A
person responsible for the feeding, exercising
and stabling of horses.
Page 49
Übungsplatz
Hufschmied
Zielmarkierung
Fliegender Wechsel
Renngalopp
Renngalopp
Schmiere
Pferdepfleger
Grooming kit
The various brushes, combs and other
equipment used to clean the horse's coat,
mane, tail and hooves.
Ground jury
It is a name for the three judges who will mark
your tests at a three day event. They consist of
a president and two other members. As well as
judging the dressage, they oversee the whole
Grund Jury
competition which includes watching the trot up
and making judgement, with the assistance of
the vet, as to whether horses are sound
enough to compete.
Hanoverian
Popular sport horse derived from the breeding
of German horses with Thoroughbred horses.
Bred originally to refine the quality of cavalry
and farm horses , but has evolved into a
versatile horse which excels at many
equestrian sports, including dressage,
showjumping and eventing.
Putzkiste
Hannoveraner
Breed of warmblood horse derived from native
north German horses. Bred originally as a
cavalry and carriage horse , but, with infusions
Holsteiner
of Thoroughbred blood, has evolved into a
versatile sport horse which excels at many
equestrian sports, including dressage,
showjumping and eventing.
It is a slightly outdated name for eventing.
Vielseitigkeit
Little hindrances in the shape of bushes.
Hürden
Holsteiner
Horse Trials
Hurdle
Identification Number
Upon arrival, each horse is issued with an
identification number, which must be worn at
all times. It may be replaced by the draw
number, which must then be worn until the end
Identifikationsnummer
of the event. Failure to display either number
incurs first a warning and, in the case of a
repeated offence, a fine imposed on the
competitor by the ground jury.
Interval training
The debit phases are short and the training has
to be done with maximum intensity. It should
be trained to the maximum load. The debit
Intervalltraining
phases are followed by relaxation phases which
are longer than the debit phases and less
intense.
Juniors
A person may compete as a junior from the
beginning of the calendar year in which s/he
Junioren
reaches the age of 14 until the end of the
calendar year in which s/he reaches the age of
18.
kilometre markers
The routes of phases A and C are marked at
intervals of 1,000 metres by signs. The signs
Kilometermarkierungen
shall indicate the distance from the start of the
phase and shall include the letter of the phase.
letter markings
The letters help the competitor to find his way
through the course. On phase D obstacles with
elements or options are, in addition to the
Buchstabenmarkierungen
numbers, lettered (A, B, C etc.). Each
compulsory passage on phases A, B, C and D
are marked with the relevant letter of the
phase.
Page 50
Markers
They are supposed to show the rider the right
way through the cross country parcours.
Wegweiser
Martingale
Item of tack which consists of a neck strap
which buckles around the horse's neck and
another one which attaches to the girth at one
end, passes through the neck strap and
attaches to either the noseband (standing
martingale) or the reins (running martinglae)
at the other. Used to prevent the horse from
raising his head above the level of the rider's
hand and evading the rein aids.
Martingal
Medication
There are strong rules and regulations
regarding the use of certain medical substances
If you need to treat your horse during the
Medikation
weeks leading up to a three day event, check
with your vet and the rule book that the
medication you are going to use is legal.
No man´s land
This is an area at the beginning of phase C
immediately after the end of the steeplechase
where the groom is allowed to attend to the
horse if necessary. Nowadays with the addition
of the C box, no man´s land has almost
"No man´s land"
become obsolete. However, it does give the
(Niemandsland)
groom an opportunity to check that the horse
still has all its shoes on and the boots have not
slipped. As no man´s land is part of phase C,
which has an optimum time, do not stop the
horse unless it is absolutely necessary.
number markings
The number markings help the competitor to
jump over the obstacles in the correct order.
Each compulsory passage on phases A and C
are marked with numbers. On the phases B
and D every obstacle is numbered.
One day event
One star
Zahlenmarkierungen
It consists of dressage, showjumping and cross
country. One day events often take place over Ein-Tages-Turnier
two days.
Also known as novice level.
1 Stern
Optimum time
It is the ideal time set by the course designer
for completing the cross country course.
optimum time
The distance chosen, carried out at the chosen
optimale Zeit
speed, gives the optimum time.
Oxer
Spread fence. Can be an ascending oxer - with
the front rail lower than the back rail, or a
Oxer
square oxer (also known as a parallel), with
front and back rail of the same height.
Passage
Dressage movement in which the horse trots in
Passage
an extremely collected and animated manner.
Phase A
It is one of the 4 parts of the cross country
course of a three day event (with
steeplechase). The riders trot a way for 4 - 6
kilometers. It is called a section of roads and
tracks. It is similar to phase C.
Page 51
optimale Zeit
Phase A
steeplechase). It is a steeplechase course. The
riders ride this 3500-4000 meters in gallop and
jump over 12 obstacles.
steeplechase). The riders trot a way for 4 - 6
kilometers. It is called a section of roads and
tracks. It is similar to phase A.
steeplechase). It is the real cross country
course with about 30 difficult obstacles which
look very natural.
This describes a dressage movement in which
the horse trots in place with the forehand
elevated and the croup lowered.
Plaiting needles are stronger than usual
needles and blunt ended.
A yarn that is available in different colours.
Phase B
Phase C
Phase D
Piaffe
plaiting needles
plaiting thread
Phase B
Phase C
Phase D
Piaffe
Flechtnadeln
Flechtfaden
Practise dreassage area
At least one practise arena of 60 by 20 metres
must be put at the disposal of the competitors
two days before the first day of the dreassage
test. If possible, this arena should be of the
same consistency as the competition area.
Practise Obstacles
The only practise obstacles that competitors
may jump are those provided by the organising
committee. The organising committee must
provide at least one fixed practise obstacle, of
which the dimensions may not exceed those of
the cross country phase and at least two
Übungssprünge
adjustable obstacles, one vertical and one
spread. These obstacles must be marked with
red and white boundary flags and must be
constructed in the usual manner. No part of the
obstacle may ever be held by anyone.
protective headgear
This is a hard hat which is compulsory for
anyone riding a horse on the flat at an event to
wear. Protective headgear complying with the
European (EN), British (PAS), North American Helm
(ASTM), Australien/New Zealand tested
standards is compulsory for anyone jumping an
obstacle.
Race track
The horses gallop on this course. The aim for
horse and rider is to run as fast as possible to
win.
red boundary flags
The boundary flags shall be used to mark the
starting and finishing lines, to mark compulsory
passages and to define obstacles. The red
rote Grenzflagge
boundary flags are placed in such a way that a
competitor must leave them on his right.
Page 52
Übungs platz Dressur
Rennbahn
Refusal
At obstacles or elements with hight (exceeding
30 cm), a horse is considered to have refused if
it stops in front of the obstacle to be jumped.
At all other obstacles (30cm or less in height) a
stop followed immediately by a standing jump Verweigerung
is not penalised, but if the halt is sustained or
in any way prolonged, this constitutes a
refusal. The horse may step sideways but if it
steps back this is a refusal.
Horse suitable for riding, with the conformation
associated with comfortable riding action are
called riding horses.
This is an elite international four star, CCI****,
event. It is held at the Kentucky Horse Park in
Rolex Kentucky Three Day Lexington, Kentucky. It is the only four star
eventing competition in the United States of
America.
A horse is considered to have run out if, having
been presented at an element or obstacle on
the course, it avoids it in such a way that the
Run-out
head and neck of the horse and the head of the
rider when mounted fail to pass between the
extremities of the element or obstacle as
flagged.
Riding Horse
Reitpferd
"Rolex Kentucky Three
Day"
Vorbeireiten (am
Hindernis)
Score system
At the beginning the starter has no points. In
cross country, dressage and showjumping the
Punktesystem
rider can get penalty points. The rider with the
least number of penalty points is the winner.
Seniors
A rider may compete as a Senior from the
beginning of the calendar year in which he
reaches the age of 18. With the express
permission of his National Federation (NF), a
rider may compete as a Senior in a Two Star
competition from the beginning of the calendar Senioren
in which he reaches the age of 16. With the
express permission of his NF, a rider may
compete as a Senior in a One Star competition
from the beginning of the calendar year in
which he reaches the age of 14.
Showjumping
Showjumping is a form of competition in which
horses are jumped over a course of fences,
walls and other obstacles. This sport is often
seen in the Olympics. This competitive sport
consists of many elements. The course is prearranged; the event may be timed or untimed
It is scored by a jury or panel of judges.
Sound
Speed
Spurs
This is a term used if the horse is free from
lameness or injury. The veterinarian
gesund/fehlerfrei
commission checks it during eventing
competitions.
1. The act or state of moving swiftly. 2. Rate of
Tempo
motion.
Small metal devices worn on the rider's boot to
help enforce the leg aids. Come in a range of
severety, from very mild blunt spurs to severe
Sporen
roweled models. Spurs capable of wounding
the horse are forbidden at eventing
competitions.
Page 53
In addition to the red and white boundary flags
the starting line of each phase is also marked
Startmarkierung
by distinct signs. The finish of phase B will also
be marked as the start of phase C.
start sign
Starting Order/Cross
Country
Starting Order/Dressage
Starting Order/Jumping
Test
Steeplechase
Steeplechase fences
The sequence of competitors starting at the
cross country course is drawn.
dressage test is drawn.
jumping test must follow the reverse order of
classification at the end of the cross country
test. The lowest placed competitor will start
first.
A horserace across open country or over an
obstacle course.
A race track with hurdles and obstacles
Startreihenfolge/Geländest
recke
Startreihenfolge/Dressur
Startreihenfolge/Springen
Hindernisrennbahn
Rennbahnhindernisse
Stop watch
A watch with a hand and analog or a digital
display that can be started and stopped at will
for exact timing (as in a race). When you ride
an eventing competition you can divide your
speed to see whether you are well in time.
Stopuhr
TD (Technical delegate)
In accordance with the national eventing rules
every event must have a technical delegate.
A.T.D. is appointed by the Equestrian
Federation of your country as its official
representative at each official event.
Technischer Delegierter
Temperament
The temperament of an eventing horse should
be even-tempered, motivated and militant.
Temperament
The "Holstein" jump
A combination that consists of two little hills
and a short sunken road in between. On the
top of the hills a fence is possible.
Holsteiner Wegesprung
The "Trakehner" ditch
A ditch filled with water and on the top of it a
fence with only one pole. It is really hard for
the horse to see this one pole over the water.
Der Trakehner Graben
The bank
The broad jump
The combination
The devil´s dyke
The pond
A jump with two or more stairs in the ground.
There are two different ways to ride over the
bank, either you jump up on to a bank or you
jump down from a bank. Sometimes you have
to jump uphill or on top of a hill, which is more
difficult.
For this jump the width is more important than
the height. Normally the horses have to jump
over a water ditch or a tilt. Some examples are
the open water jump, fence over water jump or
the Trakehner jump.
A jump with two fences and a strict distance in
between. There are many different types of
combinations and most of them with 6 gallop
jumps in between.
One of the most dangerous jumps on an
eventing course. The distance has to be
perfect. It is like a combination but with three
jumps. The first is a normal fence but downhill,
the second jump in the middle is a ditch filled
with water and the third is another fence but
uphill.
A jump into water or out of a waterhole. The
water is no deeper than 40 cm.
Page 54
Der Wall
Weitsprung
Kombination
Pulvermanns Grab
Der Teich
A jump through a house or a barn. It looks like
a jump into a window. It is an in - out combination with a roof on top. The difficulty is überdachter Sprung
the darkness inside the jump, since horses do
not like to jump into darkness.
The roof jump
The sheep or cattle pen
The solid fence
A normal jump made of wood. It looks like a
fenced area. The first jump is into the paddock Schafkoppel
and the second out over a fence.
Jumps for an eventing course. They consist of
Naturhindernis
earth, grass, wood, stones and ditches.
The spread jump
A jump with more than two stands on each side
and the poles from the back stand are higher
than the first ones. There are two jumps close
to each other (one behind the other). They can Hochweitsprung
be up to 160 cm high and 200 cm deep. Some
examples are the ascending jump, oxer, triple
barre and the fran shaped jump.
The table
A jump made of wood, mostly a stack of logs.
It looks like a table. The horse can not jump
over the table, it has to jump on top of the
table and down on the other side.
The upright jump
A jump with two stands on each side with poles
in between; depending on the class the height
Steilsprung
ranges from 60 to 160 cm. Some examples are
the gate, plank or the wall.
Thoroughbred
The Thoroughbred is a horse breed developed
in the 18th century in England when English
mares were bred by imported Arabian stallions
to create a distance racer. "thoroughbred" is an
Vollblut
adjective that describes full blooded
descendants of a particular breed. Some
consider the proper name of this particular
breed to be the "English running horse".
Three day event with
steeplechase
Three day event without
steeplechase
Three star
Thrifty
This event consists of dressage, cross country
(with roads and tracks and steeplechase) and
showjumping.
This event, which is the new Olympic format,
consists of dressage, cross country (no roads
and tracks and steeplechase) and two rounds
of showjumping.
Also known as advanced level.
Describes a horse that is easy to keep, which
maintains good condition of small rations. Also
called a good-doer.
Der Tisch
Drei-Tages-Turnier mit
Hindernisrennbahn
Drei-Tages-Turnier ohne
Hindernisrennbahn
3 Sterne
sparsam
Time fault
The length of the course and the speed
demanded determine the time allowed.
Completing the course in less than the time
allowed is not rewarded, but exceeding the
time allowed is penalised by one penalty for
each second or part of a second in excess of
the time allowed, up to the time limit.
Exceeding the time limit involves elimination.
Time limit
It is the maximum time you are allowed to be
on the course. It is usually double the optimum Zeitlimit
time.
Page 55
Zeitfehler
The maximum time for finishing the course or
one of the phases of the cross country. If the
competitor exceeds the time limit he will get
Zeitlimit
penalty points. On phases A and C the time
limit is one fifth more than the optimum time.
On phases B and D the limit is twice the
optimum time.
The dressage test is ridden without a person
telling you what lections to ride. You have to
auswendig reiten
know the different parts and the order they are
ridden in.
time limit
To ride from memory
to shoe
The act of fitting and securing metal shoes to
the horse's feet, usually done by a farrier.
beschlagen
to shy
Where a horse jumps suddenly to one side,
having been startled by a real or imaginary
object.
scheuen
Trailer
Transportation vehicle of one or more horses,
which is towed behind another vehicle.
Pferdehänger
Trakehner
Breed of warmblood horse, popular in a variety
Trakehner
of equestrian sports like eventing.
Transition
The act of changing from one pace to another.
Walk to trot and trot to canter are known as
Wechsel (von Gängen)
"upward transitions". Canter to trot and trot to
walk are known as "downward transitions".
Trot
Moderate-speed gait in which the horse moves
from one diagonal pair of legs to the other,
Trab
with a period of suspension in between.
Trot the horse in front of the judges to see if it
Vortraben
trots normally. (no lameness found)
Also known as intermediate level.
2 Sterne
Trot up
Two star
unauthorised assistance
Any intervention by a third party, whether
solicited or not, with the object of facilitating
the task of the competitor or of helping the
horse is considered unauthorised assistance
and the competitor is liable to be eliminated.
verbotene Hilfe
Unsoundness
Term used to describe any condition, or
conformation fault that limit the horse's ability
to perform his job. Including sidebone,
ringbone, roaring and others.
Krankhaftigkeit
Vertical
Upright fence with no spread. Can be rails,
planks, gate or wall. It is also used to describe
the horse's head set, as in on the vertical.
Steilsprung
Vet-check
Warmblood
After some tests (dressage, showjumping or
cross country) at an eventing competition your
Veterinärcheck (-kontrolle)
horse will be checked by a horse doctor as to
whether it is fit enough to compete in other
tests.
In general terms, a half-bred, or part-bred
horse, the result of an Arabian or
Thoroughbred cross with other breeds. Also
one of a number of specific breeds of horse
which were developed by crossing hotblood and Warmblut
coldblood horses to produce a more refined,
but athletically strong and capable horse, such
as the Swedish Warmblood, the Dutch
Warmblood etc.
Page 56
washing kit
The equipment needed for washing and
cleaning the horse during an eventing
competition should include: buckets, sponges,
shampoo, swear scraper and towels.
Waschausrüstung
waterproof covering
Plastic sheeting to cover hay and feed if
necessary.
wasserdichte Abdeckung
Well-Sprung Ribs
Long rounded ribs giving ample room for lung
expansion, well suited to carrying a saddle.
"gut gebogene Rippen",
gute Mittelhand
Whip
This is one of the artificial aids used by a rider,
also known as crop. Carrying a whip during the
Gerte
dressage test is forbidden under penalty of
elimination.
white boundary flags
The boundary flags shall be used to mark the
starting and finishing lines, to mark compulsory
passages and to define obstacles. The white
weiße Grenzflagge
boundary flags are placed in such a way that a
competitor must leave them on his right.
Willing to work
yellow directional markers
Young Riders
Willingness to work. The work attitude.
arbeitswillig
Yellow directional markers are be used to show
the general direction to be taken and to help
the competitor to find his way. Where
gelbe Wegmarkierung
necessary, they shall be superimposed with the
letter of the phase. Passing close to them is not
obligatory.
A person may compete as a Young Rider from
the beginning of the calendar year in which he
Junge Reiter
calendar year in which he reaches the age of
21.
Feed 1
Anita Schmidt, Stefanie
Ryba, Regina Ofner
(additives)
muckrake
Aloes
Arnica
bale of hay
basic feed
Biotin
Borage
Bran
Brewer`s Yeast
Buckwheat
it's a fork to clean up a horse stall, tines are
close together
it is an African plant of the lily family; the juice
seals burnt, damaged or irritated skin from the
air and promotes healing
this herb has bright yellow flowers; it is used
as an extract in creams and oils; it reduces
blood and plasma leakage and promotes
healing
cubically pressed hay
hay, grass and silage, what a horse needs to
"survive"
required for carbohydrate, fat and protein
metabolism
it is a European herb with blue flowers; it is a
regulator of adrenal reserves, temperature
control
broken seed coats of cereal grain separated
from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting;
contains useful levels of B-group vitamins
this yeast regulates the metabolism system;
source of vitamin B
this herb has alternate leaves and triangular
seeds; it repairs blood-vessels
Page 57
Mistgabel
Aloe vera
Arnika
Heuballen
Grundfutter
Biotin
Borretsch
Kleie
Bierhefe
Buchweizen
aids in metabolism and essential to muscles;
for strong bones and teeth and helps with
blood clotting
this herb has yellow flowers; it has an
antiseptic effect
a biennial herb with an orange spindle-shaped
root; an appetiser
the oil gets extracted from the seed (castor
beans); used in case of colic
Calcium
Calendula
Carrots
Castor Oil
this European herb of the carrot family is used
in the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis
Celery
made from chopped lucerne or oat straw;
Lucerne chaff contains more roughage
it regulates allergic reactions, hormone levels,
immune system
this plant has small leaves; the fresh juice is
used for skin cancers
like sodium and potassium; it regulates the
body fluid
Chaff
Chamomile
Chickweed
Chloride
Calcium
Ringelblume
Karotten
Rizinus Öl
Sellerie
Spreu
Kamille
Vogel-Sternmiere
Chlor
Choline
required for fat metabolism, nerve transmission Choline
Chromium
it is important for carbohydrate metabolism
made from fermented cider; it repels flies,
reduces joint disease in growing horses
Cider Vinegar
Cobalt
Chrom
Apfelessig
it is important for the synthesis of vitamin B12 Kobalt
it belongs to the borage family and has hairy
leaves; it heals damaged tissue, especially
bones
concentrate/ consentrated a horse needs it because of the overfeed
consumption when it works hard
Comfrey
Schwarzwurz
Kraftfutter
cook, to
therefor you press the grain with a machine to
split up it's structure, than it's easier to digest
quetschen
cook, to
you put water over hay or grain to avoid dust
anfeuchten
Copper
crash, to
Dandelion (Wet the Bed)
Devil´s Claw
drinking trough
Echinacea
Elecampane
Eucalyptus
feed requirements
feeding trough
Fennel
Fenugreek
Fishmeal
required for development of bone, joint
cartilage
for example flaxseed should be boiled bevor
you feed it because it destrois hydrogen
cyanide
this yellow-flowered plant stimulates liver,
pancreas and kidney functions
useful for arthritic, rheumatic conditions
there is a small reservoir with a flat side or a
guide, if the horse push on it fresh water starts
to flow
this herb increases leukocolyte production in
the blood
this herb has yellow flowers; in the right
dosage it is good for the muscular efficiency of
the lungs
it is an Australian evergreen tree that has rigid
entire leaves and is used for colds and
respiratory infections
specified amount of feed which a horse needs
to stay healthy and fit
mostly they are fix assempled in the horse
stable, you put the grain in it
it is a European herb of the carrot family; it
stimulates the pancreatic acid
the seeds are used as tonic for the mucous
membranes and for blood cleaning
it is a protein and mineral source
Page 58
Kupfer
kochen
Löwenzahn
Teufelskralle
Tränke
Echinacea
Alant
Eukalyptus
Futterbedarf
Futtertrog
Fenchel
Bockshornklee
Fischmehl
Folic acid
important for red blood cell production
is a European bulbous herb of the lily family
and is used as a natural antibiotic; it fights
infection
it has large rounded leaves and a yellow
rootstock; it cleans wounds from surface
eruptions
the horse’s natural feed
it belongs to the rose family and has white or
pink flowers; it will regulate heart rate
dried grass
you need it to portion out hay or silage, 5 to 10
cm space between the tines
Garlic
Golden Seal
Grass
Hawthorn
Hay
hayfork
Haylage
it's a wide mashed net, mostly used in a horse
trailer. You fill it with hay and the horse always
can get it.
it is a vine of the mulberry family and it helps
against stress
this bitter mint has leaves and it is used for the
treatment of colds
it belongs to the mustard family and the roots
are a useful tonic for the gall bladder and
pancreas
these plants have leaves reduced to nodal
sheaths; used for bone repair
this herb has small leaves and yellow flowers;
it heals physically damaged nerves
it is involved in the synthesis of thyroxine
important for haemoglobin production and
enzyme activation
this shrub has needles and berries; the tea is a
muscle relaxant
it is large brown seaweed which is a regulator
of thyroid
the flax plant has fibres and seeds; the seeds
are called linseed and they support the healing
of ligaments
it is a deep-rooted European leguminous plant
and fed as green hay or chaff
required for enzyme systems, associated with
calcium and phosphorus
Hops
Horehound
Horseradish
Horsetail
Hypericum
Iodine
Iron
Juniper
Kelp
Linseed/Flaxseed
Lucerne
Magnesium
Manganese
Maritime Pine
measuring vessel (scoop)
Molasses
Mullein
Naked oats
Nettle
Kanadische Gelbwurz
Gras
Weiß-/Rotdorn
Heu
Heugabel
Heunetz
Hopfen
Weißer Andorn
Kren
Zinnkraut
Johanniskraut
Jod
Eisen
Wacholderbeere
Seetang
Leinsamen
Luzerne
Magnesium
this large fern is toxic but in the right dosage it
Gemeiner Wurmfarn
is used to kill and expel tapeworms
Male fern
mix, to
Knoblauch
grass silage wilted to 35 to 50 percent moisture Heulage
hay-net
Milk powder
Folsäure
it activates enzymes
it is a tree and the tea made from the needles
helps against chronic cough
it's a cup with a scale on it to portion out grain
or nutrients
dehydrated milk
a machine splits up into many small peaces for
easier digestion
a syrup made from boiling down sweet
vegetable or fruit juice, feed as a sweetener
this Eurasian herb has woolly leaves and few
flowers; it relieves persistent coughs
oats without the husk; good for performance
horses with poor appetites
this plant has stinging hairs and contains iron
Page 59
Mangan
Seestrandkiefer
Messbecher
Milchpulver
schroten
Melasse
Kleinblütige Königskerze
“Nackter Weizen”
Nessel
Oats
Parsley
Passion Flower
Peas
Pennyroyal
Peppermint
Phosphorus
Potassium
Raspberry Leaf
ration per day
ration per feed
ration, to
recommended
Red Clover
rock-salt
Rosehips
Rosemary
Rue
Sage
Selenium
Silage
Slippery Elm
Sodium
Soya bean meal
Soya oil
it is a cereal grass and it helps against nervous
exhaustion
this European herb belongs to the carrot
family; its leaves stimulate the
kidneys
this plant has big flowers; it is helpful against
nervous-system difficulties
protein-rich seeds
this European mint has small aromatic leaves
which repel mosquito and flea
this aromatic mint has dark green leaves and
small pink flowers; it aids against colic attacks
required for bones and teeth
it is important in body fluid regulation
it is a plant of the rose family which has red
fruits and is used to prompt fertility
what a horse gets on a day
you should give feed more than once a day,
about 2 or 3 times, ration per feed is what you
give them in one of this times
you buy single properties of your feed and than
you add it
that means what you should feed the horse per
day, you can see the amount on the description
of the feed
this Eurasian herb has red- purple flowers and
it improves the size and the number of red
blood cells
it's salt pressed with mineral nutrients or salt
direktly outfrom the mountain in form of a
stone
the rosehip is the small red seed from the
rosebush; this fruit/seed has an iron and
vitamin C source which has a positive effect on
the immune system response
it belongs to the mint family and the needles of
this evergreen herb are used for coat and skin
health
it is a European herb with bitter leaves; it is
toxic but in the right dosage strengthens the
capillary walls
Hafer
Petersilie
Passionsblume
Erbsen
Polei-Minze
Pfefferminze
Phosphor
Kalium
Himbeere
Menge pro Tag
Menge pro Futterzeit
mixen
empfohlen
Rotklee
Salzleckstein
Hagebutte
Rosmarin
Weinraute
it is a mint with green aromatic leaves which
Salbei
strengthens the heart and heightens the senses
closely related to vitamin E as a cell membrane
Selen
stabiliser and protector
grass preserved by pickling it in its own juices,
Silage
made in silos, clamps or big bales
this plant has large leaves; it heals damaged
mucosal lining and it helps against colic
Rotulme
like potassium, it is important in regulating the
Natrium
body fluid
by-product of soya oil production, contains
Sojabohnenmehl
many essential amino acids
a pale yellow drying or semidrying oil, coat
Sojaöl
conditioner, source of fat for extra energy
Soyabeans
a hairy annual Asian legume, protein source
Sojabohnen
Straw
a dry coarse stem especially of a cereal grass
Stroh
stuff the hay-net, to
to divide into lots what you need per day,
apportion in fixed amounts
rationieren
Page 60
root vegetable, can be dried, shredded or
pelleted
soft mass from which most of the water has
been extracted by pressure, high digestible
fibre
conditioning feed for hard-working horses
this herb has finely divided leaves; the oil of
the leaves repel insects
Sugar beet
Sugar beet pulp
Sunflower seeds
Tansy
Zuckerrübe
Zuckerrübenmasse
Sonnenblumensamen
Rainfarn
Thuja
thess evergreen shrubs and trees are part of
the cypress family; they are used for wart
treatments and repel insects and parasites
Thyme
this Eurasian mint has small aromatic leaves;
Thymian
the burned leaves help against throat infections
tub
Lebensbaum
Kübel
digestion works differenty from horse to horse,
some need more feed for same work than
others
this herb has big flowers. It calms the nerves
and it is used as a sedative
this herb has small leaves and small flowers; it
helps to calm down horses who are
permanently agitated and distracted
required for vision, health of mucous
membranes, growth, reproduction
utilisation of the feed
Valerian
Vervain
Vitamin A
Vitamin B1
required for carbohydrate and fat metabolism
required for carbohydrate, fat and protein
metabolism
important for immune system, skin structure
and connective tissue
required for the uptake and transport of Ca and
P
used for blood clotting
biological antioxidant, important for fat
metabolism and reproduction
it is a liquid which descends from the clouds as
rain
to put hay into the hay-net
when you givet the horse water
Vitamin B3, B5, B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Water
water, to
wet, to
it is a small tree with long thin leaves which is
used to relieve pain, inflammation and fever
White Willow
Futterverwertung
Baldrian
Eisenkraut
Vitamin A
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B3, B5, B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Wasser
das Heunetz stopfen
tränken
Silber-Weide
it is a low evergreen shrub; it has an antiWintergrün
inflammatory effect
this plant has many small, greenish yellow
Wermut
flowers; it helps against worms and internal
parasites
this Eurasian herb has small white flowers; it
has a deflammatory effect on swollen tissues, it Schafgarbe
enables wounds to close
for wound healing, growth and immunity
Zink
Wintergreen
Wormwood
Yarrow
Zinc
Feed 2
Sandra Kuhnke, Roxane
Hoogveld, Sophie
Batusic, Corinna Nicol
absolute dry-matter
absorption
in analyzing feed, the result of substracting the
Trockensubstanz
percentage of water from 100 percent
To take in by various means
Aufnahme
Page 61
acid-base balance
additional feed
alfalfa
allergy
alimentary bolus
alimentary tract
amino acid
animal feed
Säure-Base Haushalt
food-supplements
Zusatz-, Ergänzungsfutter
also called lucerne; a legume used as fedder,
Luzerne
harvested as hay; an excellent source of
vitamins
a hypersensitivity or abnormal sensitivity to an
Allergie
allergen or specific substance as pollen, dust,
drug or feed, etc
see bolus
Nahrungsbissen
the food canal beginning at the mouth and
extending to the anus; gastrointestinal tract
The building blocks which make up the body's
protein
any substance that animals eat and drink to
maintain life and growth
Verdauungstrakt
Aminosäure
Futtermittel
animal feed law
a law ensuring the proper feeding of animals
appetite
desire for food; a depraved appetite is a desire
for sth other than food such as tree bark (
Appetit
wood chewing ), dung ( coprophagy )
automatic feeder
a machine that distributes a certain amount of
food to horses without direct human control
Futterautomat
automatic waterer
see drinking through
Tränke / Selbsttränke
bacteria
the simplest and smallest forms of life in air,
water and soil; often a cause of disease
Bakterien
bale of hay
barley
barm
beet
beetroot
biotin
body condition
bolt, to
bolus
botulism
bran
brewer's yeast
bruise, to
bucket
calculation of ration
calorific value
calorie
Ca-P ratio
standardized quantity of hay, compressed and
bound up into a rectangular shape called a
square bale
a cereal grass, the grain of cereal grass used
as feed
see yeast
a type of plant with a root which is used as a
vegetable, esp for feeding animals or for
making sugar
a plant with a dark red round root which is
eaten as a vegetable
a water-soluble vitamin
Degree of fat cover
To eat too rapidly
a lump or mass of chewed food
a lethal forage poisoning caused by Clostridium
Botulinum ( bacteria ) found in barnyard soil
and moldy feed or rotting, protein-rich organic
matter
the skin or husk of grains of wheat, rye, oats,
etc
made from the yeast filtered from the beer at
the end of fermentation; contains a high level
of the B complex vitamins
to crush grain
a round open container with a handle for
carrying or holding liquids, feed, etc
to calculate the daily ration for the horse
The quantity of energy produced by a particular
amount of food
a measurement of energy content of foods
when oxidized in the body
calcium-phosphorous ratio
Page 62
Futtermittelrecht
der Heuballen
die Gerste
Hefe
Rüben
Rote Beete
Biotin
Futterzustand
schlingen
Bolus
Botulismus
die Weizenkleie
Bierhefe
quetschen
Futtereimer
Rationsberechnung
Brennwert
Kalorie
Calzium-Phosphor
Verhältnis
any of certain compounds comprising carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen which form the major
part of animal nutrition, supplying energy to
the body
A hydrocarbon from which vitamin A is
synthesized in the liver
a root vegetable, orange-red in colour, rich in
vitamin A
a tropical plant
the grain produced by cereal grass; e.g. wheat,
rye, barley
one of the major structural materials in the
plant cell walls
chopped straw, usually mixed with chopped
hay and used for fodder
to work food between the teeth in order to
make it easier to swallow
a small plant with ( usuall ) three leaves on
each stem and purple, pink or white flowers;
used as food
an organic non-protein molecule that is a
functional part of an enzyme
thick milk secreted by mammary glands at
birth; characterised by high protein content,
especially globulin which gives new born foals
its immunity
a mixture of different feeding stuffs
carbohydrate
carotene
carrot
cassava
cereal grains
cellulose
chaff
chew, to
clover
coenzyme
colostrum
compound feed
a type of feed which is high in energy, low in
fibre or cellulose and variable in protein level
concentrated feed
cook, to
corn
crib
crib feed
crude ashes
crude fibre
Kohlenhydrat
Karotin
die Karotte
Maniok
Getreidekörner
Zellulose
der Häcksel
kauen
der Klee
Koenzym
Kolostrum
Mischfutter
Kraftfutter
kochen
Mais
Krippe
Krippenfutter
Rohasche
Rohfaser
diet
to prepare food by heating it
the seed of maize
a manger, a rack or box for fodder
feed offered out of the crib
unrefined ashes contained in the food
indigestible portion of plant material
in relation to a particular feed; this is the total
protein content contained there in, which
includes the actual digestible protein used by
the horse´s body
to break sth firm or hard into small pieces or
into powder by pressing
the daily amount of food for a horse
the state of lacking sth necessary
An abnormal depletion of body fluids.
The act of removing poison or the effect of
poison.
a 24-hour allowance of feed to an animal
diet feed
special feed for animals with healthproblems
Diätfuttermittel
diet formulation
the composition of the horse´s food
to change food in the stomach and bowels so
that it can be used by the body
that can be digested
The portion of the gross energy in a feed that
is not excreted.
Rationsgestaltung
crude protein
crush, to
daily ration
deficiency
dehydration
detoxification
digest, to
digestible
digestible Energy (DE)
Rohprotein
schroten
Tagesration
Mangel
Dehydrierung
Entgiftung
Nahrung / Ernährung
verdauen
verdaulich
verdauliche Energie
digestable protein
in any particular type of feed, the protein that
is assimilated by the horse´s digestive system
digestion
The breakdown of feed in the digestive tract to
Verdauung
simple substances which can be absorbed.
Page 63
verdauliches Protein
drinking through
dry matter
electrolytes
emaciation
energy
energy density
energy requirement
energy transfer
enzyme
ergot
essential
excess
exclusive feed
fat
fat-soluble Vitamins
fatty acid
feed
feed, to
feed-bag
feed efficiency
feed grain
feeding
feeding ground
feeding instruction
feeding schedule
feeding stuff
feeding time
feed mite
feed
feed
feed
feed
requirements
storage room
store
tub
a narrow open container for animals to drink
from
The part of the feed that is not water.
Any molecular substance that, in solution, will
dissolve into ions.
a condition of extreme leanness due to
starvation or disease
the physical power available for work or other
activities
the amount of energy in a certain portion of
feed
the amount of energy the body needs
the amount of energy that is transfered in the
body
A substance which increases the rate of a
chemical reaction acts as an aid in digestion
a dark purple or black fungal mass that
displaces grass seed, particularly rye
absolutely necessary, extremely important
more than a reasonable or moderate degree or
amount of sth
a sort of concentrated feed which includes
everything needed except forage
an oily substance found in certain seeds
Vitamins found in the fat portion of the feed
and stored in the fatty tissues of the horse;
vitamins A, D, E and K
an acid that originates from hydrocarbons
food for animals, or a type of this
to give food to an animal
a bag which is fastened over the muzzle and
used for holding feed; nose bag
the efficiency with which a horse is able to use
ingested nutrients
grain used for nourishment
the activity of giving food to a person, animal
or plant
the place where the horses are fed
Recommended amount and way of feeding a
feed stuff.
a plan that lists what to feed at which time
all the different feeds
the time when the horses are fed
very small animals living in feed, sign of a bad
quality
the amount of feed an animal needs
room where the feed is stored
special store to purchase animal feed
see manger
Tränke
Trockensubstanz
Elektrolyte
Abmagerung
Energie
Energiedichte
Energiebedarf
Energieumsatz
Enzym
Mutterkorn
essentiell
Überschuss
Alleinfutter
Fett
fettlösliche Vitamine
Fettsäure
das Futter
füttern
Futtersack
Futterverwertung
Futtergetreide
die Fütterung
Fressplatz
Fütterungsempfehlung
Futterplan
Futtermittel
Fütterungszeit
Futtermilben
der Futterbedarf
Futterkammer
Futterhandlung
Futterkrippe
fermentation
Decomposition of organic substances by the
action of enzymes ( espc. Carbohydrates )
under anaerobic conditions.
Fermentierung
fibre
the part of food that one´s body cannot digest
Ballaststoff
a section of a bale of hay; when you open a
bale of hay it falls into flakes
normal bacteria and protozoa in the digestive
tract
a coarse food, like hay
Feedstuffs from leaves and stocks of plants;
grass, hay, haylage
eine Scheibe vom
Heuballen
flake
flora
fodder
forage
Page 64
Darmflora
( Rauh- ) Futter
das Grünfutter
forage acre
fresh forage
fruit
garlick
gastric juice
glucose
a measure of the grass available for grazing on
a pasture
apples, carrots, grass
the part of a plant that contains seeds and
flesh and can be eaten as food
a plant of the onion family with a strong taste
and smell
The digestive fluid secreted by the glands in
the mucous membrane of the stomach.
a form of sugar which, in its natural form is
found in fruit, honey, etc; can easily be
converted into energy
Portionsweide
Saftfutter
Obst
Knoblauch
Magensäure
Glukose
grain
the seed or seedlike fruit of cereal grasses,
such as oats, corn or barley; used as feed
Getreide, Korn
grass
plants on which horses graze, having narrow
leaves called blades and jointed stews
das Gras
graze, to
green fodder
grind, to
grist
gross energy ( GE )
harmful substances
hay
hay cubes
haylage
haymaking
hay-net
haystack
herbs
to feed on growing grass or herbage
hay, grass, …
to crush sth into small pieces or powder
between two hard surfaces or using an
electrical or a mechanical apparatus
crushed grains
the total energy in a feed
substances causing harm
grasen
Grünfutter
mahlen
Schrot
Gesamtenergie
Schadstoffe
variety of different regional grasses and
legumes that have been cured, dried and balled das Heu
to serve as the bulk of a horse´s diet
hay pressed in small cubes
Heucobs
forage that is baled at a higher moisture
Heulage
content than dry hay and then stored in a
sealed plastic wrap
the process of cutting grass and spreading it to
Heuproduktion
dry
a coarsely woven bag for holding hay
das Heunetz
large pile of hay firmly packed for storing
Heuhaufen
seed plants as distinguished form a bush or
Kräuter
tree; a plant used as a medicine
hook over manger
a mobile manger; like a bucket with two hooks Futtereimer
ingestive behaviour
Behaviour exhibited by a horse during feeding. Fressverhalten
ingredients
iodized salt
lactose
legumes
linseed
linseed oil
any of the foods that are combined to make a
particular dish
salt with added iodine
The sugar found in milk.
any of the leafy grasses characterized by
having seed pods, able to use atmospheric
nitrogen; including e. g. clover, lespedeza and
alfalfa; high in protein and vitamins
the seed of flax, generally used in the form of
oil, jelly or tea, both as a laxative and to
improve the condition of a horse´s coat
Inhaltsstoffe
iodiertes Salz
Milchzucker
Leguminosen,
Hülsenfrüchte
der Leinsamen
Leinsamenöl
lumbago
oil from linseed
any of a group of fats and fatlike substances
that form a part of living cells
straw etc used for animals to lie on and to soak
up the urine
see tying up
macrominerals
Minerals found in the body in large quantities.
Makromineralien
lipids
litter
Page 65
Lipide
Streu / Strohbett
Kreuzverschlag
manger
a long open box from which horses can be feed Futterkrippe
the need of an animal to hold his body
condition
the amount of food a horse needs to cover its
maintenance
maintainance
maintenance ration
maize silage / corn silage
silage made out of maize
measuring vessel
The physical and chemical processes in an
organism by which energy is made available.
metabolism
microflora
Gross energy in the feed that is not lost in the
feces, urine and gas.
bacteria normally in the body
microminerals
Minerals found in the body in small quantities.
metabolizable Energy (ME)
mineral feed
mineralization
mix, to
mixed feed
moisture
molasses
mold/mould
naked oats
nutrient content
nutrients
nutrition
nutritional value
nutritive value
oats
Erhaltungsration /
Grundration
Maissilage
a mixture of bran, meal etc.; mixed with warm
das Mash
water and used for feed
a hollow container ( barrel, bowl, bottle or cup
der Messbecher
) used for holding feed and to measure the
amount of the feed
mash
minerals
Erhaltungsbedarf
organic substances found in the earth or water;
any of certain elements such as iron,
phosphorous etc; essential to the health of
animals and plants
a supplementary feed containing minerals
the process of depositing minerals or naturally
occuring inorganic chemicals
to combine different things
feed which is mixed of different ingredients
small amounts of water that are present in the
air, in a substance or on a surface
a thick dark sweet liquid obtained from sugar
while it is being refined
a fungal growth on organic surfaces
oats without the husk
amount of nutrients in the feed
any feed constituent that is necessary for the
support of life; six basic classes: water,
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals,
vitamins
the process of providing and receiving food
necessary for health and growth
see nutrient content
see nutritional value
a cereal grass, the grain of this grass is used
for feed
Metabolismus,
Stoffwechsel
verdaubare Energie
Mikroflora, Darmflora
Mikromineralien
Mineralien
Mineralfutter
Mineralisierung
mischen
Mischfutter
Feuchte
Melasse
Schimmel
Hafer ohne Spelze
Nährstoffgehalt
Nährstoffe
Ernährung
Nährstoffgehalt
Nährwert
der Hafer
oilseed
seed covering a high amount of oil; e.g.
Ölsaat
soybeans, cottonseeds, linseed, sunflower seed
omega-3 fatty acid
special kind of fatty acids, essential fatty acids
Omega-3 Fettsäuren
overgrazing
pasture
the overuse of a pasture
Area for grazing horses.
plants containing substances that cause harm
or death when eaten
remains when something is squeezed
see forage acre
a constituent of animal and plant cells
consisting of many elements; an essential
component of a horse´s diet
The amount of feed an animal is allowed to eat
during a twenty-four-hour period.
Überweidung
Weide, Grünfutter
poisonous plants
pomace
portioned pasture
protein
ration
Page 66
Giftpflanzen
Trester
Portionsweide
Protein
Ration
amount of feed which is given to the animal by
one meal
to limit the amount of sth that sb is allowed to
have
block of minerals offered to lick
block of salt offered to lick
see to crush
The practice of changing the pasture areas of
horses for better utilization.
Feed with a high fibre content; see forage
a cereal grass grown as forrage; its grain is
used as feed
ration per feed
ration, to
rock-minerals
rock-salt
roll, to
rotational grazing
roughage
rye
die Menge pro Futterzeit
rationieren
Mineralleckstein
der Salzleckstein
schroten
Umtriebsweide
Rauhfutter
Roggen
saliva
clear, alkaline fluid discharge into mouth by
salivary glands; contains digestive enzyme and Speichel
moistens food ready for swallowing
salt
a white substance, obtained from mines and
das Salz
also found in sea water; to give flavour to food
scoop
silage
soluble
see measuring vessel
Fermented roughage.
Able to be dissolved.
soya bean; a type or bean, originally from asia,
used as a substitute for animal protein in
certain foods
grain of the wheat plant
the grain residue left after the malting process
in the brewing industry
the stalk of grains; plurally stalks when cut and
dried, certain types of straw, mostly used for
bedding
a sweet substance, often in the form of white
or brown crystals, which is obtained from the
juices of various plants
the vegetable portion of the sugar beet that
remains after the sugar is removed in the
processing plant
the ration a horse gets added to the daily
ration
adding a thing to sth else to improve or
complete it
to cause or allow esp food or drink to go down
the throat
the chemical production of a substance in
plants and animals
to place hay in the hay-net
soy bean
spelt
spent grains
straw
sugar
sugar beet pulp
supplementary ration
supplementation
swallow, to
synthesis
to fill the hay-net
total digestible nutrients
(TDN)
toxic
toxic plants
toxification
trace elements
treat snack
trough
turnip
includes all the digestible nutrients- protein,
fat, carbohydrates and fibre; represents the
approximate energy value of the feed
poisonous
see poisonous plants
illness caused by toxines
a substance occuring or needed only in
extremely small amounts, esp in the soil, for
the growth of plants
a snack given to the horse as a reward
a plant with a round white (or white and purple
) root used as a vegetable
Page 67
der Messbecher
die Silage
löslich
Sojabohne
Dinkel
Biertreber
Stroh
der Zucker
Rübennaßschnitzel
zusätzliche Ration
Ergänzung
schlucken
Synthese
das Heunetz füllen
Gesamtheit der
verdaulichen Nährstoffe
giftig
Giftpflanzen
Vergiftung
Spurenelemente
Leckerli
Tränke
die Futterrübe
having a muscle condition wherein lactic acid
accumulates and is not expelled from the
muscle tissue, thereby damaging the muscle
fibres
the process of digesting feed and using the
contained nutrients for other purposes which
need energy, e.g.thermoregulation
any of several organic compounds found in
most food and necessary for normal body
function, can also be given as a supplement
when necessary
a liquid without colour, smell or taste, is used
for drinking, washing, etc
to give water to an animal to drink
a place where the horses go to drink
tying up/tied-up
utilisation of the feed
vitamin
water
water, to
watering place
watering through
water-soluble Vitamin
weight
weight per bale
weight per litre
wet, to
Kreuzverschlag
die Futterverwertung
Vitamin
Wasser
tränken
Tränke
Tränke
Vitamin which is available in feed or
wasserlösliches Vitamin
synthesized by microorganisms in the intestine.
a measure of heaviness
Gewicht
heaviness of one bale
Ballengewicht
heaviness of one litre
Litergewicht
to cover or soak with liquid, esp water
anfeuchten
a cereal grass that contains grains, the huss of
Weizen
which ( bran ) may be fed to horses, high in
vitamin E
the daily amount of food a horse gets, when it
Arbeitsration
must work
a type of fungus used for making beer and
Hefe
wine, or to make bread rise
wheat
working ration
yeast
First Aid and
Common Horse
Diseases1
Jasmin Niescken,
Marielies Steindl
Abscess
localised collection of pus, warm to touch,
painful
Acute Hypersensitivity
a local reaction is stimulated, but occasionally
the whole body reacts
African horse sickness
Anhydrosis
Atrial Fibrillation
Azoturia (also:Monday
morning disease, sacral
paralysis, black water,
equine rhabdomyolysis
syndrome, equine paralytic
myoglubinuria)
viral infection spread by mosquitoes and biting
midges
the heat regulatory system has lost its major
way of cooling the body
heart rhythm irregularity resulting in a
fast/irregular heartbeat
disease of horses characterized by red-brown
urine and muscle weakness, often to the point
of being unable to get up; occurs after
excercise after several days of inaction while
still being fed a high-energy ration
disease of newborn thoroughbred foals,
Barker Foals (Neonatal
incomplete maturation of the respiratory and
maladjustment syndrome)
other systems
Biotin and DL methionine
weak bonds and poor quality horn
deficiencies
geographically restricted virus disease,
Borna disease
characterized by fatal encephalomyelitis
Page 68
Abszeß
Akute
Überempfindlichkeit/Allergi
e
Afrikanische Pferdepest
Anhydrose, verminderte
Schweißabsonderung
Vorhofflimmern
Kreuzverschlag (auch:
Feiertagskrankheit,
Lumbago, Schwarze
Hornwinde)
Neonatale Krankheit:
Unterentwicklung des
Respirationstraktes
Biotin und DL-Methionin
Mangel
Bornakrankheit (BDV)
Botryomycosis
Botulism
Broken wind, pulmonary
emphysema
Capped hock
CEM (contagious equine
metritis)
chronic disease usually caused by
Staphylococcus aureus; lesions begin at a
cutaneous wound and unually invade deeper
tissues including muscle and bone
the toxic bacterium Colostridium botulinum
causes paralysis of the nerves
distention of the lung caused by overdistention
of alveoli and rupture of alveolar walls and in
some cases escape of air into the interstitial
spaces
swelling of the bursa over the hock joint,
replaced by a firm fibrous capsule
highly contagious veneral disease resident in
mares and transmitted by the stallion, which
shows no clinical signs
ataxia characterized by defects in rate, range,
force and direction of movement of limbs
Cerebellar ataxia
Botryomykose
Botulismus
Dämpfigkeit,
Lungenemphysem
Piephacke
CEM
Dummkoller,
Gehirnwassersucht
moving joints are subjected to great pressures,
Chips
sometimes bone at the edge of the articulate
surfaces breaks off
occurs when dry food swells up rapidly on
Choke
Schlundverstopfung
contact with saliva or eaten too quickly in
absence of saliva
faeces retained in the rectum and large
Constipation
Verstopfung
intestine, hard and dry lumps
chronische obstruktive
COPD (Chronic obstructive obstruction by abnormal mucus in the lungs
Bronchialerkrankung des
pulmonary disease)
caused by an allergic reaction
Pferdes
Colic
abdominal pain
Kolik
…….Spasmodic colic
pain appears at intervals
krampfartige Kolik
large quantity of gas which cannot pass along
…….Tympanic colic
Darmblähungen
the digestive tract
the intestinal contents cease to move along the
…….Impactive colic
Anschoppungskolik
intestine
lenghts of the intestine can become twisted on
…….Twisted gut
Darmverschlingungen
themselves
.......Sand colic
appears when the horse eats sand, fatal
Sandkolik
Kolitis, Entzündung des
Colitis
profuse diarrhoea resulting in dehydration
Dickdarms
Konjunktivitis,
Conjunctivitis, "pink eye"
inflammation of the conjunctiva
Bindehautentzündung
Chip fractures
Fußsohlenhämatom beim
Pferd, "Hühnerauge"
Corn
the horn swells and absorbes fluid _ lameness
Cryptochid stallion
improperly developed testis may never leave
Klopphengst
the abdomen, and it may not produce hormons
Hyperadrenocorticism, may be due to an
adrenal cortex tumor or overstimulation by the
pituitary gland; symptoms: long coat in
summer; laminitis
a large number of strongyle larvae become
dormant in the gut wall _ diarrhoea
rapid passage of abnormally soft or liquid
faeces
sexually transmitted trypanosomiasis of horses,
characerized by inflammation of the external
genitalia
ear infection by little animals, causes itch
Cushing's syndrome
Cyathostomiasis
Diarrhoea
Dourine
Ear mites
EIPH (Exercise-induced
pulmonary haemorrhage)
blood collection in the lungs, in some cases
bacame visible at the nostrils _ applies to
racehorses and other athletic horses
Page 69
Cushing Syndrom
Befall mit Cyathostomum
Durchfall
Beschälseuche
Ohrmilben
Trainingsbedingte
Lungenblutung
Endometritis
inflammation of the endometrium
Endometritis, Entzündung
der
Gebärmutterschleimhaut
Enterocolitis
inflammation of the small intestine and colon
Enterokolitis
characterized by the presence in the blood of
Enterotoxämie
toxins produced in the intestines
inflammation and swelling of the folds of
Einklemmung des
membrane that link the epiglottis to the larynx
Kehldeckels beim Pferd
_ abnormal noise when breathing
Enterotoxemia
Epiglottic entrapment
Epilepsy
collapse varying in its duration and frequency
Epilepsie
Equine herpes virus
different types, causing respiratory problems,
abortation/ataxia, respiratory symptoms
Equines Herpesvirus
Equine infectious anemia
(EIA)
Equine influenza
caused by a retrovirus, alternating periods of
normality and illness for many years, gradual
development of anaemia, emaciation, cardiac
insuffiency
virus infection which causes dry cough, nasal
discharge, temperature
Ansteckende Blutarmut
Influenza
Equine viral abortion,
equine rhinopneumonitis
dead or nonviable fetus caused by infection
with equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV1)
Abort
Equine viral artheritis
(EVA)
severe infection of the upper respiratory tract
Equine Artheritis
Exhaustion
glycogen and other reserves are getting low,
muscles can no longer contract properly
Erschöpfung
Fissure
Fracture
deep furrow in a bone
broken bone
Knochenriss
Knochenbruch
Granulomatous enteritis
unknown cause, main symptom is weight loss
Darmkatarrh
parasitic worms, causing raised, ulcerated
areas that do not heal
large blood blister, localised collection of blood
from a damaged blood vessel
reduction in the number of erythrocytes caused
by an agent damaging the cells
Habronemose, Befalll mit
Habronema sp.
Habronemiosis
Haematoma
Haemolytic anaemia
destruction of the foal's red blood cells by
.......Haemolytic disease of antibodies, formed in the mare's circulation
the newborn
against foal red blood cells that have leaked
into her bloodstream during pregnancy
Horner's syndrome
Infertility
Intestinal worms
…….Roundworms
…….Tapeworms
Joint disease
Kissing spines
Lameness
Laminitis
Hämatom
Hämolytische Anämie
Hämolyttische Anämie
beim Fohlen
damage to the sympathetic nerve supply to the
Horner-Syndrom
eyeball
inability to conceive and produce viable
Unfruchtbarkeit
offspring
roundworms/tapeworms
Darmwürmer
weight loss, respiratory problems; two groups:
Rundwürmer
Parascaris equorum, Strongylus vulgaris
not proved if tapeworms cause any clinical
problems or not
articulation between two or more bones,
usually to allow a degree of movement
most common long-lasting back problem,
painful contact between adjacent spines
gait abnormality resulting in a lack of
symmetry in the stride pattern
inflammation of the sensitive laminae that lie
between the hoof and the pedal bone, often
caused by a high sugar intake (e.g.from rich
grass)
Page 70
Bandwürmer
Arthrose
"Kissing spines",
Berührung der
Dornfortsätze
Lahmheit
Hufrehe
damage of the laryngeal nerve _ characteristic
roaring noise when breathing in during fast
work, exercise tolerance reduced because of
the reduced oxygen supply to the lungs
Laryngeal hemiplegia
(roaring)
Lice
Liver disease
Lungworm (Dictyocaulus
arnfieldi)
Lymphangitis (Monday
Morning Disease)
Lymphosarcoma
Melanoma
Insects which bite horses and suck their blood.
That causes the horse to rub itself.
The liver is involved in digestion and toxic
waste removal. Tumours, toxic chemicals, toxic
plants etc. are the most mmon causes of
chronic liver disease.
Parasites in the lung of donkeys. They may
pass lungworm to horses that share their
grazing.
An inflammatory process that either blocks the
lymphatics or makes the lymphatic wall
permeable so that the fluid leaks out.
A particulary malignant tumour. In the horse it
most commonly affects the gut walls. They can
no longer absorb nutrients.
A tumour of the cells that manufacture the
black pigment called melanin.
Kehlkopfpfeifen,
Kehlkopflähmung
Läuse
Leberkrankheit,
Hepatopathie
Lungenwurm
Lymphgefäßentzündung,
Lymphödem
Lymphosarkrom
Melanom
Mud fever, "greasy heel"
A skin infection on the legs (mostly in pastern)
caused by wet, muddy conditions and by dusty Mauke
conditions where there is sandpaper-like effect.
Nail prick, nail thread
penetration of the sole of the horse's hoof by a
Vernagelung
nail or other sharp object to the depth of the
sensitive laminae
Narcolepsy
The sudden onset of sleep in an active horse.
Nasal polyp
Polyps are benign tumours on the inside of the
Nasenpolyp
nostrils. They cause air turbulence.
Navicular disease
A group of different scenarios that produce the
Hufrollenentzündung,
same result, namely chronic lameness because
Strahlbeinerkrankung
of pain in the heel region of one or more feet.
Neuralgia
That is pain in the nerve itself. Neuralgia of one
of the fascial nerves is thought to be one of the Neuralgie
causes of head shaking.
OCD
It starts during the first 6 months of a foal's
life. A localised deficit in the blood supply to
OCD, osteochondritis
the bone leads to weak area of cartilage. Later dessicans, Knochen- und
the stress of work causes a flap of cartilage to Knorpelentzündung
become mobile. The horse becomes lame.
Paralysis
complete loss of function of an area of the body Lähmung
Parasitic microfilaria
Parasite that lives in the ligamentum nuchae, in
the neck. The worm produces microscopic
Mikrofilarie, Filarienlarven
microfilaria that migrate to the skin and
eyelids.
Picket-up nail
entry of a metallic foreign body into the hoof
Nageltritt
Pleurisy
Infection of the membranes in the chest. Pus
gets in the space between the lungs and the
chest wall.
Pleuritis, Brustfell-,
Lungenfellentzündung
Pneumonia
An inflammation of the lung.
Poisonous plants
Plants which are indigestible for herbivores.
That is an almost epidemic infection of the
brain with protozoa.
When a horse stands on a nail or a sharp flint it
Nageltritt
may puncture the sole. A wrongly placed
horseshoe nail can do the same.
Protozoal encephalitis
Punctured sole
Page 71
Narkolepsie, Schlafdrang
Pneumonie,
Lungenentzündung
Giftpflanzen
Enzephalitis,
Gehirnentzündung
Purpura haemorrhagica
Rabies
Ragwort poisoning
Rain sclad
It is caused by an immune reaction following a
bacterial disease. The reaction damages the
blood vessel walls.
A deadly nerval illness, spread all over the
world.
Ragwort is poisonous at all times of the year.
It´s toxic to the horse's liver.
Skin infection in the horse.
Retained meconium
The first feace of a foal is called meconium. It
must be passed within a day or two after the
foal's birth. The toxins can be fatal if the
meconium can´t pass the colon.
Ringbone
New bone is building arround the pastern.
Ringworm
Rotavirus
Ruptured bladder
Salmonellosis
Sarcoids
Sinusitis
Sleepy foal disease
Sore shins
Spasmodic (colic)
Splint
Sprained tendons
Onchozerkose, Onchocerca
cervicalis,
Blutfleckenkrankheit
Tollwut
JakobskreuzkrautVergiftung
Hautausschlag
Darmpechverhaltung,
Mekoniumverhaltung
Krongelenkschale,
Ringbein
Trichophytie oder
Ringworm is a non-itching fungal skin disease.
Mikrosporie, Borken-,
Hairs break off at skin level, leaving bald areas.
Glatzflechte
A virus that causes diarrhoea, associated with a
Rotavirus
loss of suck, and sometimes colic.
The trauma of birth can cause a rupture of the
bladder. The foal's abdomen fills with urine, the Harnblasenriss
foal has colic and stops suckling.
salmonellosis is a bacterial illness that causes
Salmonellosen,
fever and profuse watery diarrhoea that leads
Salmonellenvergiftung
to dehydration and often death.
Sarcoids are a particular type of skin tumour.
Sarkoid
An inflammatory process in the respiratory
system inside the nose.
This rather old-fashioned term was used to
indicate any disease that made the foal
lethargic withoutany other symptoms.
Nasennebenhöhlenentzünd
ung
Actinobacillus-equuliinfection des Fohlen
Young horses that are put into fast work before
their bones are structurally mature may
Schienbein-Periostitis
develop pain on the front of the cannon bone.
Abdominal pain caused by abnormal gut
Krampfkolik
motility.
Each horseleg has two splint bones, one on
either side of the cannon bone. However, when
we talk about splints we are referring to an
Überbein (Griffelbein)
area of new bone that forms on the ligament
holding the splint bone against the cannon
bone.
Tendons are fibrous structures that are
attached at one end to a muscle and at the
other end to a bone. Because they are so long
Bänderzerrung
at the horselegs, they can be damaged easily.
This causes: hot, painfull, swollen,
inflammatory tendons.
Strangles
Extremly infectious disease caused by a
bacterium streptococcus equi. The bacteria
become trapped in the lymph nodes around the Druse
horse´s jaw and throat. The glands swell
tremendously in size as large abscesses form.
Summer eczema
Itching rash. Most common in Iceland horses.
Sommerekzem
Sweet itch
Allergic disease. The horse becomes
hypersensitive to the saliva injected into the
skin by the Culicoides biting midges. The
horses rub the bitten areas, usually mane and
tail.
Juckende Dermatitis,
allergische Reaktion auf
Gnitze
Page 72
Parasite in the intestine of the horse. They can
Bandwurm
cause colic.
A bacterium that produces a deadly toxin. It
Tetanus
comes into the body through wounds. Causes
muscle spasms
Sehnenscheidenentzündun
inflammation of a tendon and its sheath
g
Infection of the hoofhorn and frog. Horn matrix
becomes softened by moisture, often
aggravated by ammonia compounds in wet
Strahlfäule
bedding. Bacterial infection invades and softens
horn, this produces a foul-smelling black
substance.
Tapeworms
Tetanus
Tenosynovitis
Thrush
Tracheal collapse
The tracheal rings are no longer whole or rigid,
a cross-section across the trachea shows an
Trachealkollaps,
ellipsis rather than a circle. When the horse
Abflachung der Trachea
breathes air through the narrowed section of
the trachea the breathing is noisy.
Twisted gut (colic)
Colic means abdominal pain. There is a big
variety of causes. Displacement of one or
more parts of the intestines. Mostly fatal.
Kolik durch verdrehte
Eingeweide,
Darmverschluss
Tympanitic (colic)
This refers to the presence of a large quantity
of gas, the pressure from which causes the
pain. It is a serious type of colic because so
often there is a sinister reason as to why that
gas cannot pass along the digestive tract and
escape.
Gaskolik, Blähungen,
Fehlgärungen
Ulcerative lymphangitis
a mildly contagious disease of horses caused
by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis;
Ulzerative Lymphangitis
lymphangitis of the lower limbs, marked by the
presence of ulcers which discharge green pus
Vaginitis
Wobbler syndrome
Alexandra Galler
Adhesive tape
Antibacterial soap
Antibiotic ointment
arterial bleeding
Bandages
Bleeding
cast horse
cotton wool
fracture
Furall spray
Ice bags
inflammatory reaction
Lubricant
inflammation of the vagina
unsteadiness of the hindquarters is often the
first symptom. It´s caused by pressure on the
spinal cord in the horse´s neck, but that
pressure can arise from a number of different
causes.
Vaginitis
This will keep pads and bandages in place.
For cleaning wounds from dirt
Oinment that helps to close wounds faster and
better
The arteries over the back of the sesamoid
bone and down the back of the pastern
for dressing and protecting a wound
When blood runs out of a wound
Horse is down in his stall and can´t get up of
his own accord
Material for dressing wounds
A bone is broken
Creates its own coating over the wound
Can be used to prevent or reduce swelling from
blunt trauma (e.g. a knee that hit the fence),
reduce bleeding or swelling at the edge of a
fresh wound
The horse reacts with a swelling where the
sting is located
Grease the thermometer before insertion into
the rectum with a Lubricant
Haftklebeband
Antibakterielle Seife
Page 73
Ataxie
Antibakterielle Salbe
Aterielle Blutung
Binden, Bandagen
Blutung
Verlegenes Pferd
Watte
Knochenbruch
Wundspray
Eisbeutel
Entzündung
Gleitmittel
Helps to keep the horse calm while vetting the
injury
To control the bleeding of the wound
nose twitch
Pressure Bandage
Count the number of beats of the heart from
the horse stethoscope under his left elbow
pulse
This is to disinfect your thermometer after and
before you use it.
Helps to stimulate the thirst
Pads that help to bandage wounds without
more dirt
When the horse does not drink enough you
have to stimulate his thirst
The horse was stung by a bee or wasp
Important to avoid infections with Tetanus
when the horse is wounded
Can be used to remove splinters, thistles or
other fragments that might be lodged in your
horse’s skin
Rubbing alcohol
salt
sterile pads
Stimulate thirst
sting
tetanus booster
Tweezers
Nasenbremse
Druckverband
Puls
Reinigungsalkohol
Salz
Sterile Reinigungskisses
Durst erzeugen
Stich(Biene/Wepse)
Tetanus Impfung
Pinzette
Stephanie Dörfler
absence of appetite
bruise
clinical thermometer
cooling dressing
disinfectant
dressing material
emergency
exhaustion
fever
healing
infection
The horse has little or no hunger
a hurt caused by a hit
to check the blood temperature
a cold dressing
liquid to desinfect a wound
needed to cover a wound
a case of need
the horse has less power
the horse has higher blood temperature
restoration of one's health
illness caused by virus or bacteria
Appetitlosigkeit
Prellung
Fieberthermometer
Kühlverband
Desinfektionsmittel
Verbandmaterial
Notfall
Erschöpfung
Fieber
Heilung
Infektion
injury
horse suffers from hurt inflicted from outside
Verletzung
ointment
a drug used on skin
Salbe
pulled muscle
a hurt caused by overexpansion of a muscle
Zerrung
sedative
shock
veterinarian
wound
a drug to calm down the horse
mental or corporal concussion
a doctor for horses
a hurt caused by a cut or something else
Beruhigungsmittel
Schock
Tierarzt
Wunde
First Aid and
Common Horse
Diseases 2
Alessa Krafek, Martina
Kratzer, Romana
Gleixner, Eva Astl,
Kathrin Astl, Doris
Thanner
First-aid box for the
stable:
Page 74
bandage
A bandage can be used for different things, for
example to fix a dressing, to keep the horse `s
legs warm or cool (if you put some ice under it
or something else), or only to protect the legs
of the horse when it stands in the box. There
Bandage
are some bandages which are elastic, some
consist of fleece (these are not very elastic)
and some are self-sticking; these are very good
to fix a dressing.
base
This is something you put on a wound before
you get the dressing on it. If you do not put a
base on, the dressing will stick on the wound
and next time when you want to get off the
dressing, you will open up the wound again.
Some good bases are cotton wool or cellulose.
clinical thermometer
You need it to take the horse ´s temperature if
you think that the horse is ill or does not feel
Fieberthermometer
very well. It should also have a string where
you can hold it when you take the temperature.
After hard work you can put it on the legs of
the horse or on big groups of muscles to
Kühlgel
prevent muscle pain or to cool down the
tendons of the horse.
It sterilizes a wound and removes bacteria from
Desinfektionsmittel
the wound. A very good disinfectant for
example is hydrogen.
You can put this on a wound to make sure that
Verband
the wound stays sterile and can not get
infected another time.
cooling gel
disinfectant
dressing
You should put on some elastic gloves when
you take care of a wound because you save
your own hands from the substances you put
Elastische Handschuhe
on the wound (disinfectant or ointments…).
Some substances are very hard to remove from
the skin.
elastic gloves
You can use it to put the disinfectant on the
wound. This is much easier to do with a jab
injection, jab
than without because the disinfectant can be
placed exactly.
This is something you put on a wound or an
ointment
injury, so that the wound heals better. It also
sterilizes the wound.
You need it to fix the dressings or the
sticking plaster, elastoplast
bandages.
In case of injuries:
Bandage which combines medicinal and
physiotherapeutical features (e.g.: cooling and
disinfection)
The pink colour should return within five
seconds after applying pressure on the gum
with finger pressure. In case of shock the gum
colour will turn into a light pink or even white.
(Check) Gum colour
(Check) Heart rate
Bandage of the thorax
Bandaging Material
Unterlage
Spritze
Wundsalbe
Leukoplast
Angußverband
Zahnfleischfarbe,
Überprüfung der
Kapillarfüllung am
Zahnfleisch
At rest the heart beats 25 to 40 times per
Herzfequenz
minute. Can be measured by placing a hand
directly over the heart.
Dressing which is applied between forehand
Rumpfverband
and hindquarters.
Material which should be ready to hand in case
Verbandsmaterial
of emergency, e.g. Cotton, Elastic Bandage,
Iodine etc.
Page 75
Basic Bandage
Used to keep a wound protected/clean/covered Wund- oder Deckverband
Box rest/Confinement
Uncontrolled movement impairs the healing of
tissues. For a period of time the horse stays in
its box in order that the damaged tissues can
be immobilised during healing.
Boxenruhe
Cane bone bandage
Dressing which is applied on the cane bone.
Röhrbeinverband
Cleaning (wounds)
Foreign bodies such as hairs or splinters should
be removed. The wound can be cleaned with
Reinigung (der Wunde)
hand-warm water or a disinfectant.
Collar
Usually woodblocks tied together which are put
Halskragen
around the neck of a horse so that the horse
cannot reach its wound.
Cooling
Lowering of the body temperature in certain
body areas by means of cooling gel, dressings
or jet of water in case of swellings, fever or to
stabilize blood-circulation.
Cooling gel
Disinfection
Elastic outer layer
Euthanasia, Mercy-killing,
to put an animal down
Gauze bandage
Gut noise
Heat
High bandage
Immobilization
Iodine
Muzzle
Padding
Poultice
Rectal thermometer
Respiration
Pressure Bandage
Gel cooling parts of the limbs if no dressing is
needed, e.g. after exhaustion.
Selective destruction of specific micro-organism
without affecting environmental or living
conditions.
Applied to keep dressings clean and dry.
If injuries are not treatable or horses are not
going to recover they should be put down, e.g.
in case of untreatable fractures, nervous
diseases or joint injuries.
Bandage which is used to secure sterile
dressings.
Gut noises are a sign of an active gut. They are
loud enough to be perceived by listening on
either side of the abdomen.
To raise body temperature in certain areas of
the body, e.g. to avoid fast reduction of body
temperature after exertions or shock, to treat
swellings, injuries or ulcers.
Bandage to protect wounds above the hock and
knee joint.
Immobilization, by means of splints, casts or
braces, hold a joint or bone in place. This is
done to prevent an injured area from moving
while it heals.
Kühlung
Kühlgel/Kühlsalbe
Desinfektion
flexible Schutzschicht
Euthanasie (=aktive
Sterbehilfe)
Mullbinde
Darmgeräusche
Wärme
Hoher Verband
(=aufgesetzer Verband)
Ruhigstellung
Disinfectant to clean wounds. Should always be
Jod
diluted in order to avoid irritations.
Usually made of leather or a plastic bowl which
Maulkorb
is fixed to the halter to avoid that the horse
ingests nourishments.
In order to avoid bruises on limbs an adequate
Polsterung
padding, e.g. cotton, foam rubber etc., is
inevitable.
Special bandage when an infection has already
Umschlag
happened, e.g. foot wounds.
Used to measure the exact body temperature
which should be between 37.6 – 38°C.
The horse should breathe between 10 to 20
times per minute in composure
To reduce or staunch bleeding in case of
arterial bleeding.
Page 76
Fieberthermometer
Atmung
Druckverband
Self-adherent bandage
Stabilization of blood
circulation
Can be used to anchor and protect lower layers
Selbstklebender Verband
of bandages.
Blood circulation is the movement of blood
through blood vessels. In case of a shock the
Stabilisierung des
blood flow is low By means of leading a horse,
Kreislaufs
offering water to the horse and also cooling can
support the blood-circulation.
Stable bandages
Support limb when used over a thick padding
layer or for anchoring temporary dressings.
Sterile site of wound
Overlay on a wound to avoid further
contamination with foreign bodies, and secured Sterile Wundauflage
with dressings.
Sterilization (=Asepsis)
Destruction of all micro-organism in a specific
setting in order to achieve sterility (=asepsis)
Support Bandage
Used to reduce pressure of a joint or limb and
to control swelling. To prevent swelling, the
bandage is being extended to include the lower
Unterstützender Verband
part of the limb. The support bandage can also
be applied to the unaffected limb in order to
reduce strain.
To arrest bleeding
(=haemostasis)
In case of arterial bleedings steps should be
taken to stop bleeding, e.g. various types of
dressings. Light bleedings do not need further
actions because the loss of blood is little.
To be in splints
To put a tourniquet on
Tranquillizer or Sedative
Twitch
Protection by
vaccination:
anti-rabies vaccination
Splints support and protect injured bones and
soft tissue, reducing pain, swelling, and muscle
spasm.
In case of life-threatening bleedings which
cannot be stopped by using a pressure
bandage it is useful to put bandages, inner
tubes or similar not incising material above the
wound to stop the bleeding.
Drug whose action calms the central nervous
system, decreasing emotional agitation without
impairing alertness.
A woodblock with a loop on one side applied to
the upper lip, wrapping the lead rope around
the nose. It is used to sedate a horse
temporarily.
Stallbandagen
Sterilisation
Blutstillung
geschient sein
Abbinden
Beruhigungsmittel
Nasenbremse
Impfung gegen Tollwut
equine influenza
Caused by viruses, can lead to fever, cough or
a normal cold. The vaccination against it is only Influenza/Grippevirus
useful if all horses in a stable are vaccined.
herpes virus
Caused by viruses, symptoms lead from a cold
to death of foals before or after the birth. Also
Herpes
paralysis of different parts of the body can be
seen.
influenza vaccination
Impfung gegen Influenza
rabies
Virus infection which causes encephalitis. Usual
for carnivores, but also horses can get it when Tollwut
they are bitten by an infected fox, wolf or dog.
tetanus
Illness of the nervous system caused by
bacteria that come into the body through open
wounds and cuts. Later they expel toxines that
Tetanus
move into the brain. There they damage
important parts of the brain which leads to
paralyses of the muscles.
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tetanus shot
Impfung gegen Tetanus
A shot to prevent you from suffering from that
special disease. Often done with active or
passive immunisation.
Impfung
a touch of fever
If the temperature is just a little bit above
normal.
leichtes Fieber
acro hyperthermia
The body first lowers the circulation in the legs
and arms when being in the cold. So the first
Unterkühlung der
parts of the body which are below the normal
Extremitäten
temperature are legs and arms.
algogenic
Some medications will try to lower the fever if
the horse is suffering a lot.
blood heat/body
temperature
An adult horse's temperature is 37.5 - 38.2°C.
That of newborn foals is 38.8-39.3°C and that Körpertemperatur
of older foals is 38-38.7°C.
vaccination/immunisation
Pulse-RespirationHeartrate
breathing/respiration
cardiac insufficiency
cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
cardiovascular system
circulatory disturbance
colenture
collaps
faint-hearted pulsation
faintness
fever/ague/pyrexia
heart beat
hypothermia/supercooling
hypoventilation
irregular pulsation
The way of getting fresh air into the lungs and
used air out of the lungs again. The horse's
breathing is in normal conditions: 10-14
breaths per minute.
If the heart is not strong enough (anymore) to
pump the regular amount of blood through the
horse's body.
When the horse is not breathing anymore and
you can't hear the heart beat you try by
pressing air in its lungths and a cardiac
massage to get its body working again.
The closed system of the heart and blood
circulatory
If the blood circulatory is not working without
any problems.
If the temperature is very high and can even
lead to death.
Often you speak of circulatory collaps.
Something is not okay in the horse's body, and
the whole system then breaks down.
The speed of pulsation is lower than the normal
one.
If the horses body is too weak to work
properly. Often faintness comes after hard
work or with horses that are not in the best
shape. Often they will also break down.
Normally they are ok again after some
infusions.
Every temperature that is above the normal
temperature.
The contraction of the heart muscle to pump
the blood through the body
If the body temperature is lower than 37.5 °C
die Körpertemperatur
senkend
Atmung
Herzschwäche
Herz-Lungen Reanimation
Herz-Kreislauf System
Kreislaufstörung
heftiges Fieber
Kollaps
langsamer Puls
Schwächeanfall
Fieber
Herzschlag
Unterkühlung
If you see the ribcage just going in and out for
breathing just a little bit but very fast one can abgeflachte Atmung
speak of hypoventilation.
The pulsation is not in the same beat but
sometimes faster, sometimes slower than the Unregelmässiger Puls
regular one.
Page 78
pulsation
Because of the heart beat, the blood is not
running continuously through the body, but in
little streams which you can feel under the
skin, called pulsations. The horse's normal
pulsation is 28-40 per minute and can be
raised to 240 per minute under work.
pyrogenic
For example some viruses or other illnesses will
cause fever in the body. You call them
Fieber erzeugend
pyrogenic, because they lead to fever.
The speed of pulsation is not normal but much
higher; due to various causes
If the horse is very weak and about to break
down but somehow manages to remain
standing, moving his feet in an uncontrolled
way
raised pulsation
stagger
Puls
rasender Puls
taumeln
to administer vaccination
If you give someone a shot
eine Impfung verabreichen
to break down/to collaps
If the horse suddenly lies down, and is too
weak to get on his feet again. It can be after
an accident or because of very hot weather.
zusammenbrechen
the word for suffering from fever.
If you are not conscious anymore.
Fieber haben
Bewusstlosigkeit
clouded pupil
Kind of a white haze in a horse´s eye/pupil. Is
accompanied with defective sight; at an
advanced stage it often leads to blindness.
getrübte Pupille
coughing
Coughing is a collective term. Caused by dust,
virus infections or a cold, it doesn´t heal
without medical treatment or without avoiding
mismanagement in the horsekeeping.
Husten
deep eye-sockets
Are always a sign of a bad state of health.
There are several reasons for it. Examples
eingefallene Augenhöhlen
would be: pain, virus infections, inflammations,
fever or just a sign of high age.
diarrhoea
Fluid horse dung caused by stress, grass or
gastro-intestinal infections. There are hundreds
Durchfall
of reasons. It should be treated by a
veterinarian.
difficulty of breathing
The respiratory tract consists of nostrils, nasal
cavity, sinuses, pharynx, arynx, trachea, lungs
and bronchi. So in every part of it could be the
Atembeschwerden
reason for the difficulty of breathing. It´s
nearly impossible and not recommendable to
leave the horse without medical examination.
disturbance of equilibrium
For a horse it´s a very bad situation., because
if horses lose control over their body, they
often panic. And that can be dangerous for
horse AND rider.
Gleichgewichtsstörung
dull coat
There are several reasons which cause a dull
coat. For example parasites, underfeeding or
just a bad state of health. To produce relief,
you could try to add oil to the feed.
stumpfes Fell
to have a temperature
unconsciousness
Symptoms:
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fever
Excessive temperature shows that the
organism is fighting against pathogenic germs.
Fieber
It often appears in connection with a dull coat
and anorexia.
headshaking
Most horses shake their heads because of
disturbance in the eyes, the ears or in the
nostrils- caused by flies, itching or allergies.
inflammation
Inflammations are characteristic answers of the
biological tissue to internal or external stimuli.
Entzündung
Its function is to eliminate the bacteria, virus or
foreign substance like dort, for example.
lameness
An impairment of a horse´s gait or gaits. It´s a
Lahmheit
restriction of movement often caused by pain.
leg swelling
An abnormal thickening of a horse´s leg or
legs, caused by several reasons:
inflammations, increased filling of lymphatic
Schwellung der Beine
vessels, diseases os muscles or tendons or just
sensitiveness to changes in weather.
loss of weight
If a horse loses weight and you don´t know
why, you have to do a vet-check. Some
reasons could be parasites, problems in the
digestive system or toothache.
nostril discharge
A healthy horse always has a bit of a clear
secretion out of its nostrils. After a bigger effort
it can be white. But if it becomes more than
Nüsternausfluss
usual it´s an indication of a respiratory disease.
Then the secretion can become yellow.
refusal of feed
If a horse stops eating and refuses everything,
there definitely has to be an aggravative
problem- often with a tooth, maybe a choke or Futterverweigerung
a very bad state of health. You always should
have this checked immediately.
rolling
If a horse rolls, in principle it´s a good sign.
But if a horse rolls, gets up, rolls again and
gets up and so on, it can show you that it
suffers from a colic, which can be very
dangerous. Another reason could be an
aggravating itch.
Diseases:
airways:
allergy to hay dust
catarrh, cold
COB - chronic obstructive
bronchitis
allergy to dust and mold in hay, symptom:
chronic cough, see also COPD
inflammation of the mucous membranes of the
respiratory tract causing abnormal mucous
secretions
chronic inflammation of the bronchi,
symptoms: sputum (thick mucous secretion
that is formed in the lungs), cough and
dyspnea (Atemnot)
Page 80
Kopfschütteln
Abmagerung
Wälzen
Heustauballergie
Erkältung
Chron. Obstruktive
Bronchitis (COB)
a lung disease that resembles human asthma.
Also known as heaves, recurrent airway
obstruction, broken wind, emphysema, chronic
bronchitis or small airway disease. Sick are
COPD - Chronisch
COPD - Chronic obstructive
usually allergic to mold particles in hay dust,
Obstruktive
pulmonary disease
although other allergens such as pollens,
Lungenerkrankung
chemicals, microbes and substances found in
foods, medications and the environment can
also trigger the condition. see also heaves
foal pneumonia
inflammation of the lung in foals, primarily
caused by bacterial infections (Rhodococcus
equi); symptoms: nasal discharge, coughing,
high respiratory rate, increased respiratory
effort
heaves
a lung disease. Symptoms: horses with heaves
have great difficulty exhaling, chronic cough,
exercise intolerance, increased respiratory rate,
wheezing may be audible, 'heave line' between Dämpfigkeit
the flank and thorax. Cause: Pollen, dust or
molds result in allergic bronchitis that is similar
to asthma in people. See also COPD
IAD – Inflammatory Airway lower respiratory tract disease, not infectious;
Disease
symptoms: coughing, nasal discharge
laryngeal hemiplegia,
roaring
laryngitis
pneumonia
tracheitis
digestive system:
Paralysis affecting one side of the larynx,
caused by damage to either of the two
recurrent laryngeal nerves
inflammation of the larynx (voice box);
symptoms: quickened breath, rough snoring
sound on breathing, harsh cough
Fohlenpneumonie
IAD – entzündliche
Atemwegserkrankung
Kehlkopfpfeifen
Kehlkopfentzündung
an inflammatory condition of the lungs;
characterized by the filling of air spaces with
fluid, resulting in impaired gas exchange
Lungenetzündung
inflammation of the trachea
Luftröhrenentzündung
adiposity
A. is a disadvantage for the fitness, body
temperature, and infection resistance and
lowers life expectancy. Horses with A. have to
get voluminous feed with little energy- for
Adipositas/Fettsucht
example older hay. They need the possibility to
chew very long without getting too much
energy of it. A pasture full of clover could lead
to death.
choke
A closure in the throat is a very dangerous
situation. The reason for it is almost exclusively
a too rapidly swallowed bit. Because the bit is
Schlundverstopfung
underbruised and swallowed with too little
saliva it can´t be swallowed well. The bit gets
stuck in the throat.
colic
"Colic" is a collective term for pain in the belly.
The most dangerous thing about it is that in
the early stages you can´t say if it´s just mild
or fatal, because parts of the intestine become
necrotic. There are several kinds of colics (see Kolik
below), but the symptoms are always the
same: lying down repeatedly, turning the head
towards the belly, kicking at the belly and
rolling repeatedly.
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colitis/enteritis
A c. is an inflammation of the large intestine,
an enteritis is the inflammation of the small
intestine. There are several reasons why horses
Darmentzündung
become ill, but one thing is notably harmful:
stress. It requires immediate veterinary
treatment.
displacement
A d. is an abnormal position of a part of the
intestine. Normally it causes a total blockage
and, so far, becomes very dangerous. Medical Verlagerung
treatment, often an operation, is inevitable- the
sooner, the better!
gas colic
When a horse suffers from this type of colic,
gas, built in the intestine, stretches it (large
intestine or caecum) and causes pain. These
colics usuallly pass with moving the horse and
letting it stretch its body as it wants.
gastric rupture
impaction colic
spasmodic colic
torsion/intestinal
volvulus
dehydrogenation
hepatitis
lack of nutrients
pancreatitis
Gaskolik
A g.r. is always fatal. It originates in eating
very much concentrated feed, especially grain,
or something that´s swallowed dry and
Magenruptur
thickens when it gets in touch with fluid, like
bran or mash. Because the horse isn´t able to
vomit, the stomach can burst.
I. are intestinal blocks caused by a firm mass
of food. Most of the time it occurrs in the large
Verstopfungskolik
intestine. Appropriate treatment resolves it
more or less easily.
The horse suffers from very painful
contractions. The veterinarians always help
Krampfkolik
with antispasmodic injections. Horses respond
very well to this treatment.
It is nearly the same like a displacement. It
occurrs when a piece of intestine twists. The
consequences and the medical treatment is the
same. Nowadays we tend to let the horse roll, Darmverschlingung
if it likes. In some cases the intestine gets back
to its original position. But you shouldn´t try
treating it without calling your vet.
Normally caused by high ambient temperature,
by dirty or contaminated water buckets or by
missing opportunities to drink. An easy d.
means that there´s a loss up to 6 percent of
Dehydrierung
the bodyweight, a middle d. up to 8 percent
and a heavy d. even more! It´s a very
dangerous disease, because the consistence of
blood changes.
Hepatitis/
inflammation of the liver
Leberentzündung
The main problems cause sodium, copper,
selenium, calcium, carotin and vitamines A and
E. In certain circumstances you can recognise it
Nährstoffmangel
by noting changes in the horse, or you can
have the horse´s blood- or urine structure
analysed. Normally you can accomodate it with
minerals in the feed
Pankreatitis/
inflammation of the pancreas
Bauchspeicheldrüsenentzü
ndung
Page 82
parasites
worms
pinworms
P. are creatures that subsist on other
organisms without benefiting them. They can
be microorganisms, worms or even flies. They
all have a horse as their host, at least for part
of their life. Common internal parasites are
divided into two groups: worms and bots.
All worms can cause colic-symptoms.
P. live in the horse and crawl out at night
through the anus to lay eggs under the tail
area. This irritation can lead to tail rubbing.
Parasiten
Würmer
Pfriemenschwanz
redworms
They are the most common internal parasites
of the horse. Larvae invade the blood vessels
which supply the intestine. This causes
Zwergfadenwürmer
damages to the blood vessels and the gut. The
adult worm lives in the large intestine and
sucks blood. A very high risk of colic!!
roundworms
They live in the small intestine. They can
become 0.5 cm thick and 25 cm long. Mainly
foals suffer very much from them. They get
them from the mares and become weak and
depressed. The biggest dangers are
obstructions and bowel ruptures.
Spulwürmer
tapeworms
These parasites usually surround the iliocaecal
valve. Their heads have suckers. They can
grow to about 8cm long and 2cm thick. They
belong to the group of flatworms.
Bandwürmer
poisoning
Poisonings in horses are most often caused by
poisonous plants. Although many of these
plants are disdained by them, horses do eat
some of them. Examples of poisonous plants
are: ferns, meadow-saffran, yew-treethornVergiftung
apple and deadly nightshade or belladonna.
Symptoms would be disturbance of equilibrium,
colic, diarrhoea, shock, profuse sweating,
fever, problems in the gastro-intestinal tract
and paralysis or paresis.
head:
facial nerve paralysis
moon blindness
blindness
conjunctivitis
legs:
palsy (paralysis) of the trigeminal nerve (the
chief sensory nerve of the face, includes the
muscles of the ears, lips, eyelids and nose.
symptoms: e.g. drooping of the ear
Gesichtsnervenlähmung
Inflammation of the eye. The horses become
Mondblindheit
light-shy and the eye is often swollen. The
cause is not found yet.
Loss of the eye's function, caused by an
accident, illness or a genetic defect. Often quite
dangerous for a horse, especially on the
paddock and in the stable. Blindness can reach Blindheit
from complete blindness to recognizing
differences in light intensity, to seeing some
contours.
Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by the
environment. Can be from sand, horse
Bindehautentzündung
standing close to open windows, and so on.
Conjunctiva is getting filled with more blood
than normal and therefore turns red.
Page 83
Arthritis Gelenksentzündung
Arthrose
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
arthrosis
degenerative disorder, joint disease
bone spavin, distal tarsitis
degenerative arthritis (joint inflammation) of
the lower joints of the hocks; the most
Spat
common cause of hind limb lameness in horses
bone-splintering
often caused by accidents; symptom: lameness Knochenabsplitterung
inflammation of a bursa (a bursa is a sac filled
with fluid, located between a bone and a
tendon or muscle; it allows the tendon to slide
smoothly over the bone)
traumatic bursitis over the point of the hock,
usually caused by the horse's kicking a solid
structure.
bursitis
capped hock
diffuse inflammation resulting from (usually
bacterial) infection of deep connective tissue,
sometimes forming an abscess
cellulitis, (phlegmon)
hoof abscess
nail bind/ close shoeing
Schleimbeutelentzündung
Piephacke
Phlegmone
direct hoof abscess caused by penetrating
wounds, indirect hoof abscess caused by the
Hufgeschwür/ Hufabszess
migration of moisture and bacteria into fissures
and cracks along the white line
caused by a nail being driven too close to the
white line and thus the sensitive tissues of the
Nageldruck
hoof, symptoms: sudden lameness; shoe
should be removed
laminitis, founder
inflammation of the laminae, the soft-tissue
structure between the hoof wall and the
underlying coffin bone; common cause is
overfeeding; symptoms: lameness, heat in the
feet, increased digital pulse in the feet,
reluctant or hesitant gait ("walking on
Hufrehe
eggshells"), a "sawhorse stance," with the front
feet stretched out in front and the hind feet
positioned under the body to bear more weight.
“Founder” means usually a chronic condition
associated with rotation of the coffin bone.
muscle rupture
breaking of a muscle caused by overstraining
Muskelriss
ossification
the formation of bone
Verknöcherung
developmental orthopedic disease of cartilage
Osteochondrosis dissecans
in growing horses. Symptoms: stiffness,
(OCD)
lameness and pain in the affected joint
Chips/ OCD/ Gelenkmaus
patellar luxation
dislocation of the kneecap
Patellaluxation/
Kniescheibenluxation
podotrochleosis, navicular
disease/syndrome
lameness caused by damage to the navicular
bone (Strahlbein); one of the most common
Hufrollenentzündung
causes of intermittent forelimb lameness in the
horse
ringbone
degenerative disorder, new bone growth on the
pastern and coffin joints. Usually caused by
trauma, long term concussion, hard work,
nutritional imbalances and inherited poor
Schale
conformation. Can develop in or around the
upper pastern joint (high ringbone) or the
coffin joint area (low ringbone).
Page 84
splint
Swellings on the inside of the fore cannons.
Splints result from inflammation and reaction
Überbein
of the periosteal tissue covering the small splint
bones.
strained tendon, pulled
tendon
The strain overload from weight bearing and
exercise experienced by the flexor tendons can Sehnenzerrung
result in tendinitis or sprained tendon.
Condition in which the horse involuntarily
hyperflexes the hock as it walks; the cause is
unknown
inflammation of a tendon or tendon muscle
attachment
stringhalt
tendinitis, tendonitis
Hahnentritt
Sehnenentzündung
tendon rupture
breaking of a tendon caused by overstraining
thrush
degenerative condition of the frog of the foot,
characterized by infection and blackening of the
Strahlfäule
affected area; usually occurs in horses housed
under unsanitary conditions
windgalls/ windpuffs
Fluid-filled swellings on the inside or outside of
the joint, often associated with poor
Gallen
conformation, may not necessarily cause pain
or lameness.
other diseases:
acidosis
African Horse Sickness
(AHS)
amyotrophia/ muscular
atrophy
ataxia
Borna disease (virus)
botulism
calcinosis
cancer
Cushing’s
Syndrome/disease
cystitis
Diabetes mellitus
disorder of the acid/alkali balance of the body,
lowering of the alkali reserves
endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, acute or
subacute non-contagious viral disease
transmitted by arthropods, characterised by
fever, oedema in the lungs, bleedings, heart
failure.
shrinking muscle, often caused by nerval
disorder
incoordination, loss of muscle control that leads
to swaying, staggering
infectious neurological syndrome, caused by
Borna disease virus (BDV), causes abnormal
behaviour and fatality, symptoms: unusual
posture, gait and ear positions, movement
disturbances, "Pipe smoking" - hay or straw in
mouth, but no chewing
a rare disease caused by a neurotoxin
produced by the bacterium Clostridium
botulinum; it targets the neuromuscular nerve
endings, producing a flaccid paralysis
abnormal deposits of calcium compounds,
sometimes caused by plants
the general term for any malignant tumor;
uncontrolled growth of cells inside or on the
body
a small benign tumour in the pituitary gland
causes enhanced glucocorticoid action;
symptoms: long, shaggy, curly coat; excessive
thirst with commensurate urination; raised
blood-sugar levels; bulging eyes and a potbellied appearance, loss of muscle over the
back..
inflammation of the urinary bladder, often
occurring secondary to diseases causing
incomplete emptying of the bladder
caused by a tumour in the pituitary gland; not
common, more common in fat ponies, treated
with insulin injections.
Page 85
Sehnenriss
Azidose
Afrikanische Pferdepest
Muskelatrophie
Ataxie
Borna Krankheit
Botulismus
Kalzinose
Krebs
Cushing Syndrom
Blasenentzündung
Diabetes mellitus
also called "swamp fever", virus disease
Equine Infectious Anaemia causing intermittent fever, hemolytic anemia, Equine infektiöse Anämie
(EIA)
depression, sometimes oedema and death; can (EIA)
be transmitted by biting insects.
Grass Sickness
hyperkalemic periodic
paralysis (HYPP)
hyperlipidemia
abnormally elevated levels of fat in the blood
myeloencephalitis
nephritis
renal insufficiency
strangles
Tying-up/Equine
Rhabdomyolysis/azoturia
urinary calculus, urolith
white muscle disease
skin:
alopecia
aspergillosis
disease in which there is damage to the parts
of the nervous system which control the
function of the horse's digestive system, exact
cause unknown, occurs mainly in grazing
Graskrankheit
horses, mortality rate exceeds 90%,
symptoms: depression, colic symptoms,
inability to swallow, trembling, sweating,
weight loss.
inherited disorder; primarily limited to Quarters
Horses linked to the sire “Impressive”.
Symptoms: muscle cramping, quivering
muscles, difficulty breathing, paralysis. Death HYPP
can occur from heart or respiratory failure due
to toxic effects of high blood levels of
potassium.
inflammatory disorder of the brain and spinal
cord
inflammation of the kidney
impaired renal function, can be caused by a
preceding illness or by the administration of
certain antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs,
which can be toxic to the kidneys
highly contagious disease caused by the
bacteria Streptococcus equi and affecting the
horse's lymph nodes; symptoms: high fever,
depression, lack of appetite, thick nasal
discharge, swollen lymph nodes with
abscesses. Occasionally, abscesses spread to
other parts of the body. This is known as
"bastard strangles" (usually fatal)
excessive amount of nitrogenous waste
products in the urine; the most common
muscle problem in horses; this syndrome
affects the muscles and results in the partial or
complete inability to move
general term for a stone (deposit of minerals,
like calcium) lodged anywhere within the
urinary tract
muscle abnormality resulting from inadequate
intake of selenium or vitamin E
Hyperlipidämie
Myeloenzephalitis
Nierenentzündung
Niereninsuffizienz
Druse
Kreuzverschlag
Blasenstein, Nierenstein
Weißmuskelkrankheit
This is the missed or reduced development of
the coat of the horse. It can be caused by
neurological, autoimmune, hormonal or genetic
factors. The patches without hairs are plump or
they look like a “map”. Typically for this
Alopezie
disease is that the skin is unchanged and
shows no symptoms. But if the disease lasts for
longer time the skin turns darker and darker. If
the hairs grow again after a long time, they
may be white.
an infection, a growth, or an allergic response
caused a fungus (Aspergillus); can affect the
eye, causing blindness, and any other organ of Aspergillose
the body, but especially the heart, lungs, brain,
and kidneys
Page 86
black flies infestation
This flies feed inside the ears and on the head,
neck, chest, medial thighs and abdomen. They
can cause extreme annoyance. Massive
numbers of these black flies can even cause
death by release of a toxin in the flies’ saliva
(Speichel). The horses ears are the best place Kriebelmückenbefall
to look for this flies à the individual bites cause
bloody crusts. Stabling of the horses during the
peak of the fly activity periods can be helpful
because black flies normally do not enter
buildings.
botryomycosis
The organism of staphylococci infects the hair
follicles and may cause abscesses (boils). Very
much of these boils may form at the same time
in dirty horses, or in stables where the saddlery
Botryomykose – Akne
and other things are very dirty. This boils can
also turn chronically: very often it is seen at
the front of the shoulder in draught horses
where the collar is rubbing against the skin.
burns, incineration
Burns are usually classified according to the
extent of the skin involvement and the depth to
which the burn penetrates the skin. Firstdegree burns are superficial and cause localized
erythema and pain. Second-degree, partial
thickness burns are characterized by vesicles
formation with necrosis and sloughing of the
epidermis. Pain occurs in the first stages. Third- Verbrennungen
degree, full thickness burns destroy all the
layers of the skin and expose the deeper
structure. All local blood vessels in the skin are
destroyed along with the hair follicles. Partial or
full-thickness burns over more than 10% to
15% of the body surface carry a poor
prognosis.
carcinomata
Squamous cell carcinomas occur at several
external sites. The most common is “the third
eyelid”, where the carcinomata look like slowly
growing granulation tissue. If you do not
Karzinome
remove the carcinoma it will spread to the
eyelids and skin of the face and muzzle. They
are malignant but fortunately do not
metastasize quickly.
dermatitis
It is an inflammation of the skin which is
mostly caused by precede infectious diseases
or after an allergic reaction. This inflammation
affects almost the whole surface of the skin. At
the beginning the skin has a higher
Dermatitis
temperature and it is very painful for the horse
when you touch him. It is also accompanied by
hair loss. This disease can last for weeks or
months. In the past the horses died after
dermatitis.
eczema
It is an inflammation of the skin. The acute
form can be accompanied of intense irritation
or itch. The horse also wants to bite or lick
Ekzem, Sommerekzem
every time the affected area. A common cause
of eczema is the sensitization to midge-bites.
Page 87
eczema of the mane and
tail
This on is only placed at the mane ort he tail of
the horse. There will be inflammations of the
skin which induce a bulge of the skin. It is
Mähnen- und
accompanied by a great itch. The horse wants Schweifekzem
to rub his tail and mane at anything suitable. It
is mostly seen at poor groomed horses.
eczema of the saddle
position
This one is also almost seen at poor groomed
horses or at horses which have a saddle that
do not fit very well. It is accompanied by hair
Sattellagenekzem
loss and the development of abscesses. If the
horse has got such eczema it cannot be ridden
till it is recovered.
Naturally occurring freeze burn (frostbite) is
rare at horses, even in the worst climatic
conditions. Iatrogenic (something which is
caused by the veterinary) freeze burns are
used to create freeze marks for identification
purposes.
sores which develope due to friction between
the girth and the horse
freeze burn
girth galls
Erfrierung
Gurtdruck
greasy heel
This disease was mostly seen in draught horses
with hairy heels and is now only seen in horses
which have a very long coat. It can be caused
by infectious disease or by autoimmune
Seborrhöe
diseases of the skin. The horse gets a lot of
scales and the coat can stick together. It is also
accompanied by an itch.
harvest mites
These mites can cause great irritation to thinskinned horses. They are seen mostly in the
late summer and early autumn months. This
condition is mostly seen on the white areas of
the legs.
horse Flies Infestation
Horse flies can give very painful bites to horses
and also to humans which are around the
horses. They are most active during the
summer and they only feed during the day.
Bremsenbefall
Their bites cause painful papules and wheals
that can turn to chronically nodular, crusted
lesions. These lesions can be found anywhere
on the body but especially on the lower legs.
lice
Lice are very common, particularly in the
months of January and February. They cause
hair loss and are particularly common in hairy,
poor groomed ponies which are kept in very
Läuse
crowded conditions. Lice are mostly found
beneath the mane, in the sub maxillary space
and above the tail head.
malanders
First of all this is an eczema in the fetlock
flexure. It can be caused of many things, but
normally it is because of dirt and wetness when
the horse is poor groomed. Sometimes it can
Mauke
be an allergic reaction on something. The
recovery needs a lot of time and if you do not
start with the treatment very quickly, the
malanders could turn chronically.
Page 88
Trombidiose –
Herbstgrasmilbenbefall
mange
There are two sorts of mange: chorioptic
mange and sarcoptic mange. Chorioptic
mange: It causes itch (“itchy heel”). The
affected horse stamps, kicks and wants to rub
its heels on the other hind leg or against a
suitable thing. The condition is mostly seen at
Räude
horses with hairy heels. There is no problem to
find the mites. Sarcoptic mange: This is very
rare at horses. It causes small hairless patches
which exude serum. Most of the patches are on
the neck and shoulder, but they can also be
everywhere on the body.
melanomata
These melanomas with high tendency to
malignancy are seen particularly on grey
horses and become more common in middle
and old age. They are specially found on the
Melanome
vulva, the prepuce, the anus and on the
hairless ventral areas of the tail. They are also
seen on the head and the neck and sometimes
within the anus on the rectal wall.
This disease is seen very frequently. The
nodules are up to a centimeter, sometimes a
little bit more. They occur in the dermis over
the back, the sides of the chest and the
shoulder. The nodules cause the horse no
Nekrobiose
harm, except there are directly on the space
where the saddle is. The condition is mostly an
allergic one which produces collagen
degeneration.
Papillomata are seen frequently in young
horses from the age of 6 months to 24 months.
They are spread over the muzzle and lips. They
are of viral origin and disappear spontaneously Warzen
in a few months. When they are very small,
they look like warts which also humans often
have.
necrobiosis
papillomata
It is the most common autoimmune skin
disease of the horse. The age of the affected
animals has been reported from 2 months to
20 year old horses. First you can only see some
skin lesions which are very fragile and rupture
Pemphigus foliaceus
easily. The lesions begin on the face and limbs
and frequently become generalized within 1 to
3 months. The treatment includes the use of
immunosuppressive agents and the therapy is
very expensive.
pemphigus foliaceus
proud flesh
saddle gall, saddle sore
sarcoids
exuberant granulation tissue; red, rubbery,
bleeds easily. Granulation tissue normally
protects wounds from bacterial damage.
skin sore or gall upon a horse's back, made by
the saddle
Wildes Fleisch
Satteldruck
Sarcoids are the most common tumors found in
adult horses. They start as hard nodules of
fibrous material which erode through the
Sarkoide
superficial skin and then they look like
granulation tissue. Surgical remove tends to
stimulate the development of other sarcoids.
Page 89
Horses are exposed to a number of species of
ticks, according to the geographic area. A
direct effect can be observed to the skin
damage, irritation and pain (tick preferentially
bite areas where the skin is thin) or the
secretion of neurotoxic products. Ticks are also
Zeckenbefall
important in horses because they favour the
development of bacterial infections. Bites from
adult ticks occur more commonly at the base of
the ears, the anal and the genital area and the
fetlocks. They are characterized by papules and
black crusts.
tick infestation
venereal diseases:
venereally transmitted bacterial disease of
horses, caused by Taylorella equigenitalis;
Contagious Equine metritis
symptoms: discharge from the vulva, resulting CEM
(CEM)
from inflammation of the uterus, infertility and
abortion in mares, infertility in stallions
developmental defect wherein one or both of
the testicles has not descended into the
scrotum
inflammation of the uterus
inflammation of the innermost lining of the
uterus; the leading cause of infertility in
broodmares
reproductive disorder, fluid-filled sac in the
ovary
cryptorchidism
endometritis
metritis
ovarian cysts
Kryptorchismus
Endometritis
Gebärmutterentzündung
Eierstockzysten
Grooming and
Tack 1
Peggy Schreiber
automatic-water bowl
bed, bedding
box
bridle, to
broom
brush,groom; to
clipper
comb the mane, to
fork
grease the hooves, to
manger
muck out, to
net-rug
Selbsttränke
Streu
Box
auftrensen
Besen
bürsten, putzen
to shave a horse`s coat, three main styles: the
scheren
full clip, the hunter clip and the race clip
clip, to
halter
hay-net
hay-rack
a watering place which the horse can operate
by itself
material to provide a bed for a horse
a stall for a horse
to put the bridle on the horse`s head
a cleaning implement for sweeping; bundle of
straws or twigs attached to a long handle
to clean a horse with a brush, coarse, stiff
bristles
an electronic equipment to shave a horse`s
coat
to put the mane hair in order with a comb
a tool or implement with two or more prongs
set on the end of a handle
to put some hoof-oil on the hooves using a
brush
headpiece of rope, leather or nylon
a strong bag from which horses are fed hay
a feeding rack that holds hay for a horse
a trough or open box in a stable for holding
feed
to remove or clean up horses manure
covering sheet that protect horses against
insects
Page 90
Schermaschine
Mähne kämmen
Gabel, Forke
Hufe einfetten
Stallhalfter
Heunetz
Heuraufe
Futterkrippe
ausmisten
Fliegendecke
pick the hooves, to
plait the mane, to
rub, to
saddle, to
shavings
shovel
stable-rug
straw
sweat-rug
sweep, to
unsaddle, to
wash, to
water bucket
water, to
wheelbarrow
to clean the hooves with a hoof-pick
to interweave three strands of mane hair
1. to massage a part of the horses body for a
particular purpose; 2. to wipe a cloth over a
horses body as to dry the horse or apply anti
fly solution
to put the saddle in the right position on the
horse`s back
material to provide a bed for a horse
Hufe auskratzen
Mähne einflechten
abreiben
satteln
Späne
a hand tool for lifting loose material; consists of
Schaufel
a curved container or scoop and a handle
covering sheet placed over a horse if it is too
cold
stalks of grain after trashing to provide a bed
for a horse
covering sheet placed over a horse that is
cooling off after a good sweat
to clean the ground with a broom
to take the saddle off the horse`s back
to clean a horse with water and a brush
a container for carrying or holding water
to offer water to a horse for drinking
a load carrying device that consists of a shallow
box supported by a single wheel
Stalldecke
Stroh
Abschwitzdecke
fegen
absatteln
abwaschen
Wassereimer
tränken
Schubkarre
Annika Drückes
bandages
strips of cloth used for tying around a horse`s
leg in order to protect it
Bandagen
bit
a bar of metal to which the reins are attached
and which is inserted in a horse`s mouth
Gebiss
boots
breast-plate
bridle
bridoon
cantle
check-rein
cheekpiece
curb chain
curb-bit
double bridle
dressage-saddle
egg-butt-snaffle
foregirth
girth
headpiece
headstall
hunting-saddle
jumping-saddle
Streichkappen
straps which attach to the side of a saddle
across the horse`s chest to keep the saddle
from slipping backwards
a head harness for a riding horse, consisting of
leather straps and having a bit and reins
attached to it
a light joint bit with a thin mouthpiece as part
of a double bridle
the raised part at the back of a saddle
Vorderzeug
Zaumzeug
Unterlegtrense
Hinterzwiesel
Ausbindezügel
Backenriemen
chain of metal links which increases the
Kinnkette
restraining effect of a bit
a bit for the double-bridle
Kandarenstange
bridle that consists of two bits, each with a pair
Kandare
of reins
Dressursattel
bridle for a racing-horse
Renntrense
Vorgurt
a long piece of leather or cloth passing around
the body of a horse to fasten a saddle
part of the bridle that fits round the head
Sattelgurt
Nackenriemen
Reithalfter
Jagdsattel
Springsattel
lunge
a long line used to guide a horse in training
Longe
martingale
a device for steadying a horse`s head
Martingal
Page 91
nose-band
Nasenriemen
a special piece of cloth that lies under the
saddle on horseback
a piece of soft stuffed material to use under a
saddle
the raised part at the front of a saddle
numnah
pad
pommel
racing-saddle
a long line fastened usually to both sides of a
bit by which a rider controls the horse
reins
riding-saddle
rings
running rein
saddle
saddle-tree
side-saddle
snaffle
part of the bit where the reins are attached
a leather seat for a rider on a horse
the frame of a saddle
Satteldecke
Sattelunterlage
Vorderzwiesel
Rennsattel
Zügel
Sportsattel
Trensenringe
Schlaufzügel
Sattel
Sattelbaum
Damensattel
Trense
a simple usually jointed bit for the bridle
a metal device secured to the rider`s boots and
Sporen
moved against a horse`s flank
a pair of D-shaped metal frames in which a
Steigbügel
rider`s foot is placed
the strap suspending a stirrup
Steigbügelriemen
flat strips of leather to hold the girth
Strippen
a flexible short whip for the rider
Gerte
a rope by which a horse is fastenend or led
Führstrick
Kehlriemen
an instrument for driving and lungeing
Peitsche
spurs
stirrup-iron
stirrup-leather
straps
switch
tether
throat-latch
whip
Nena Kremerskothen
baby-oil
for rubbing the horse`s face especially the
nostrils to make it shine and look nice for
competitions, licensings or performance tests
bag balm
you put it in places where the horse has no hair
Melkfett
because of old injuries so that new hair grows
body-brush
brush
curry-comb
Dandy-brush
a brush for the dust from currying
with this you put the hoof-grease/hoof-oil on
the hooves
with this you groom the horse with circular
movements so that the raw dirt goes away
Kardätsche
a brush for the raw dirt especially for the legs
Wurzelbürste
hoof-pick
when a horse has got a little wound you put
this "first aid medicine" onto it so that it does
not get inflamed
you spray it on the horse`s coat to keep away
flies and other insects
you keep all the brushes and other things in
this box
like a body-brush for brushing the head but it
must be softer because horses are sensitive on
their face
you put it on the hooves so that they do not
become brittle
a pointed metal for cleaning the hooves
mane-brush
brushing the mane to clean it and to tidy it up
disinfectant-spray
fly-spray,
groomimg-box
head-brush
hoof-oil, hoof-grease
mane-comb
plaiting-tie, hair-tie
polish-cloth, stable rubber
Babyöl
for brushing the mane tidily before cutting or
plaiting it
with this you fasten little plaits for dressage
competitions
a piece of fabric to remove the last dust so that
the horse shines
Page 92
Pinsel
Striegel
Desinfektionsspray
Fliegenspray
Putzkasten
Kopfbürste
Huföl, Huffett
Hufkratzer
Mähnenbürste
Mähnenkamm
Mähnengummis,
Einflechtgummis
Wischtuch
tail-brush
you pull/eradicate some mane-hair with this
little mane-comb when a horse has got a very
thick or untidy mane; then you can handle the
mane better while plaiting it
cutting the mane or the tail with it
it is for cooling and washing the place where
the saddle lies and for cleaning the nostrils, the
eyes and the genitals
a metal which you can bend so that you can
pull down the sweat from riding and the water
after washing the horse so that the horse dries
faster
brushing the tail to clean it and to tidy it up
tail-spray
a grooming means for the tail and the mane
washing-box
the place where you wash your horse
Waschplatz/Waschbox
a brush for washing the horse so that the dirt
Waschbürste
goes away more easily
for washing the whole horse or when you want
Wasserschlauch
to cool it in the summer or only his legs after
riding
pull-comb
scissors
sponge
sweat scraper
water-brush
water-hose
Verziehkamm
Schere
Schwamm
Schweißmesser
Schweifbürste
Schweifspray
Grooming and
Tack 2
Saskia Blum, Anja Pertl,
Alexandra Rigby
Pair of tongs for bending the nail ends pointing
Krokodilzange
out of the hoof after putting on a new shoe.
alligator clinches
See also brushing boots, fetlock boots; prevent
the horse from injuring its hind fetlocks due to Streichkappen
brushing.
Sharp bit with a curb pointing into the tongue
Steigergebiss
to prevent horses from rearing.
ankle boots
anti rearing bit
cream preventing microbes to cause an
infection used for minor injuries of the skin.
antiseptic cream
antiseptic wash
automatic water-bowl
auxiliary rein
bandages
bandages
bar
bat
liquid form of antiseptic creams that can also
be used on greater surfaces.
Installation for permanent water supply on
pasture and in stall.
Help for young horses to find the right position
of the head, neck and body to develop its back
muscles as a preparation for the rider’s weight
or an aid for riding beginners to handle the
horse more easily because the horse has to
train its body in a way to be able to carry the
rider’s weight smoothly and without any
difficulty.
Padded layer of gauze or muslin fixed to
protect wounds.
Long piece of cloth you wrap around the horses
legs to protect them.
Piece of leather sewn on the reins every 5 to
10 cm.
desinfizierende Salbe /
Creme
desinfizierende Lösung
Selbsttränke
Hilfszügel
Verband
Bandagen
Steg
See also cane, whip, crop, stick; Artificial aid
by which the rider may emphasize and back up
the natural aids of seat and legs. Used to
Gerte
encourage reluctant or lazy horses to move
foreward. Sometimes used to punish.
Page 93
bed
bedding
bell boots
belly closure
bit
bit guards
bit rings
blanket
blanket rack
blinkers
body brush
boot
boot jack
boot pulls
bot egg knife
bowler, bowler hat
bradoon
braiding aid
braiding clips
breast girth
breast plate
breast strap
bridle
bridle brackets
bridle rack
bridle, to
bridoon
broom
See also bedding; layer of material (straw,
wood shavings) to pad concrete floors in
stables and to absorb urine.
See bed.
See also overreach boots; Guard for the
coronet and the bulb of heel to avoid injuries
the horse gets by scraping against the opposite
leg while working it.
Additional piece for rugs fixed under the
horse’s tummy to prevent chafing.
Piece of metal, plastic, rubber or leather fixed
in the horse‘s mouth enabling the rider giving
signals to the horse via the reins for
communication of aids.
Rubber discs covering the passage from the bit
to the bit rings to prevent muzzle or lip
injuries.
See also snaffle rings; Rings on both sides of
the bit.
Rug to protect your horse from cold and/or
dirt.
Stand to hang up sweaty rugs after work or
simply to keep them stored.
Leather pieces fixed on the cheek peace
laterally to the eyes covering the dorsal part of
the field of vision.
Soft brush used to put the finishing touches to
brushing a horse. Takes off the last loose hair
and dust.
Suitable for all equestrian disciplines. Usually
features a brushing guard and side elastic
fastening to provide support to tendons and
suspensory ligaments and to protect the lower
leg area from injuries.
Wooden or metal object formed like tongs you
stand on to pull off the other boot.
Einstreu, Streu
Einstreu, Streu
Sprungglocken
Bauchlatz
Gebiss
Gebissscheiben
Gebissringe
Decke
Deckenleiter
Scheuklappen
Kardätsche
Gamasche
Stiefelknecht
Pair of hooks you thread into loops on the inner
Stiefelanzieher
side of riding boots to help pulling them on.
Special knife for removing the small yellow fly
eggs sticking on horses’ front legs.
Hat male dressage riders have to wear in
higher competition levels.
See also bridoon; thin bit used together with
KANDARE.
Plastic comb with three teeth to prepare the
mane for plaiting.
Clips to fix plaits.
See also breast plate; leather construction
around the horse’s breast fixed to the saddle so
that it doesn’t slip backwards; sometimes a
martingale is included.
See breast girth.
Strap at the front of rugs to close them.
Dassellarvenmesser
Melone
Unterlegstrense
Einflechthilfe
Einflechtclips
Vorderzeug
Vorderzeug
Brustschnalle
Combination of (leather) straps strapped
Trense, Zaumzeug
around the horse’s head for working purposes.
See bridle rack.
See also bridle brackets; Hooks to hang up
bridles.
to put the bridle on the horse‘s head.
See bradoon.
Instrument for sweeping.
Page 94
Trensenhalter
Trensenhalter
auftrensen, aufzäumen
Unterlegstrense
Besen
browband
brush
leather strap preventing the headpiece of a
bridle from sliding backwards.
broom with a shorter handle or smaller
cleaning object with bristles which fits in a
hand.
Stirnband
(Hand-)Besen, Bürste
brush down
See also quatering or quick grooming; to clean
flüchtig putzen,
only the most important parts of the horse,
drüberputzen
usually done due to lack of time or laziness.
brush, to
the horse touches and injures itself in motion.
sich streichen
brush, to
Cleaning your horse.
bürsten, striegeln, putzen
brushing boots
bucket
buckle, to
See ankle boots.
Object to fill in liquids and food.
Fixing straps with clasps or buckles.
Specially designed for racehorses galloping on
sand tracks to protect the fetlocks.
Streichkappen
Eimer
verschnallen
bumper boots
Fesselkopfgamasche
calf rolls
Blocks fixed on the back part of the sweat flap
to help the rider keep his legs in position;
usually used on showjumping saddles to
prevent the rider's leg from sliding backwards.
Wadenpauschen
cane
See also whip, stick, bat, crop; Artificial aid by
which the rider may emphasize and back up
encourage reluctant or lazy horses to move
foreward. Sometimes used to punish.
Gerte
cantle
carbine clip snap
cavesson noseband
cavesson noseband
chain
chambon
changing the coat
channel
check (rein)
cheek bit
cheek peace
cheeks
chest extenders
chifney
claw hammer
clip, to
clipper
Highest point of the backpart of the seat.
Hook to clip things quickly on to an other
object.
Special headstall for lunging; mostly without
possibilities to fix a bit; instead the noseband
provides rings to hook on the lunge.
See also ordinary noseband; Most common
noseband.
See also rack chain; Chain to tether your horse
with.
Auxiliary rein providing pressure on the bit and
the poll.
Period of either production or loss of the winter
coat; the former in autumn, the latter in
spring.
Part of the saddle in between the panels
providing the space for the spine.
Auxiliary rain fixed from the girth to the bit via
the headpiece avoiding the horse to put its
head down.
See also snaffle with shanks; Western snaffle
with loose shanks.
Leather strap leading to the poll the bit is
buckled to.
Metal bars at either sides of the bit reinforcing
the pressure on the poll.
Additional piece of rug fitted in at the horse’s
chest if the horse is too wide.
See anti rearing bit.
Special hammer the farrier uses.
to shorten the hair of hard working horses
especially in winter.
Mashine for clipping horses.
Page 95
Hinterzwiesel
Karabinerhaken
Kappzaum
Englisches Reithalfter
Anbindekette
Chambon
Fellwechsel, Haarwechsel
Kammer (vom Sattel)
Aufsatzzügel
Westernsnaffle mit losen
Anzügen
Backenstück
Anzüge (z.B. vom Pelham)
Brustteilverlängerung
Steigergebiss
Hufbeschlagshammer
scheren
Schermaschine
Special "knives" for clipping by which the
Scheraufsätze
length of the remaining hair can be
determined.
Special metal screws preventing the horse from
Stollen (am Hufeisen)
slipping on soft ground.
clipper blades
cog
cohesive bandage
Sticky bandage. No tape fastening is needed.
Selbsthaftende Bandage
comb, to
combo
to detangle the horse’s mane and tail.
Combination of a rug and a hood.
Collection of numbers you can fix to the bridle
or saddle cloth in a competition.
Spray to increase the volume of mane and tail
and to facilitate combing.
See also sweat-rug; Blanket you put on a horse
after work to help it to sweat out.
See also web reins; reins made out of
waistband.
For cleaning wounds.
See also Windsuck collar; Tight strap fixed
around the throat to prevent the horse from
swallowing air
See also whip, cane, stick, bat; Artificial aid by
which the rider may emphasize
and back up the natural aids of seat and legs.
Used to encourage reluctant or
lazy horses to move foreward. Sometimes used
to punish.
Bit with long bars at either side of the mouth to
emphasize the aids showing sideways or to
protect the lips from getting caught in the bit
ring holes.
See also tail strap; strap to leading from the
cantle to the tailhead preventing the saddle
from sliding forward.
Thick more or less curbed one-piece bit used in
higher dressage levels or in Western Riding
disciplines.
Small chain fixed on either side of the curb bit
providing pressure on the chin when the reins
are pulled.
Piece of rubber, cloth or neoprene to soften the
pressure of the curb chain, to prevent hair
getting stuck in the chain or to protect the chin
from injuries.
Leather strap leading from the curb bit to the
hand of the rider; usually in
combination with a snaffle rein so the rider
holds two reins in each hand.
Strap fixed on either side of the curb bit
providing pressure on the chin when the reins
are pulled.
to rub down and dress a horse.
Iron instrument or comb used for currying or
cleaning horses.
kämmen
Decke und Halsteil
competition number sets
conditioner
cooler
cord reins
cotton wool
crib-biter strap
crop
crossbar snaffle
crupper
curb bit
curb chain
curb guard
curb rein
curb strap
curry, to
curry-comb
dandy brush
D-bit, dee bit
double bridle
Kopfnummern
Mähnen- und Schweifspray
Abschwitzdecke
Gurtzügel
Tupfer
Kopperriemen
Gerte, Springstock
Knebeltrense
Schweifriemen
Kandarengebiss
Kinnkette
Kinnkettenunterlage
Kandarenzügel
Kinnriemen
striegeln
Striegel
Brush with very hard bristles used for brushing
Wurzelbürste
down mud and heavy dirt from the horse.
A bit with rings in form of a D.
D-Trense, Renntrense
See also Weymouth bridle; headstall used in
higher levels of dressage, used with a curb bit
Kandarenzaum
and a bradoon – the rider has two pairs of reins
to coordinate.
Page 96
Three-part bit considered to be very soft –
Doppelt gebrochenes
double jointed mouthpiece often used for young horses when started to be
Mundstück
trained.
double lungeing rein
double ring snaffle
draw rein
dressage-saddle
drop noseband
dry, to
A long rein fixed on either sides of the horse to
work the horse on the ground; often used to
Doppellonge
prepare the horse to carriage driving.
Bit with two pairs of bit rings often used in
Doppelringtrense
carriage driving.
Auxiliary rain leading from the girth to the
rider’s hands via the bit rings; supposed to help Schlaufzügel
the horse to find the right position.
Saddle with a carved seat and long saddle flaps
Dressursattel
specially designed for dressage riding.
Noseband strapped around the muzzle in front
of the bit.
See also towel, to; to rub off a wet or sweatty
horse with straw or a towel.
Hannoversches Reithalfter
abtrocknen, trocknen
dust cover
Cloth placed on the saddle when it is stored to
protect it from dust, water, dirt and scratches.
Sattelschutz
dutch gag
Snaffle with (at least) two additional smaller
rings on the top and on the bottom of the bit
rings on both sides of the bit.
Pessoa-Gebiss,
Dreiringtrense
ear cover
Crocheted bonnet for horses sensitive at their
ears; often used as simple decoration.
Ohrenkappe
eggbutt snaffle
Special end of a bit in shape of an olive to
prevent injuries of the lips.
Olivenkopftrense
equipment
Everything you need as a rider or horse owner. Ausrüstung
eventing grease
White greasy cream used in eventing to help
the horse slide off a fence if it gets stuck.
eventing saddle
excercise saddle
exercise sheet
eye saver
farriers apron
felt numnah
fender
fetlock boots
fill the hay-net, to
first aid kit
flash noseband
flat rings
float boot
floded numnah
fly bonnet
Very light saddle with a special girth and rolls
specially designed for the cross-country part of
eventing.
Light saddle with projecting saddle flaps for the
daily work of racehorses.
Short blanket covering the kidneys.
See also fly mask; used for horses showing
allergic reaction at the eyes due to pestering of
flies.
Leather apron to protect the farrier’s legs.
Felt pad placed under a saddle to prevent from
chafing.
Very broad and thick "stirrup leathers" for
Western and stock saddles.
See ankle boots.
See also stuff the hay-net, to; to put hay into a
special wide mesh net.
Collection of instruments, bandages and lotions
for first aid purposes.
Thin strap used for nervous horses in addition
to the normal noseband.
Flat bit rings instead of round ones.
See travelling boot.
See also saddle cloth or sqared numnah;
Rectangular pad placed under the saddle to
prevent from chafing and to protect the leather
of the saddle from sweat.
See ear cover.
Page 97
Schmierseife/Schmiermitte
l
Vielseitigkeitssattel
Trainingssattel (Rennsport)
Nierendecke
Fliegenmaske
Hufbeschlagsschürze
Filzdecke
Fender
Streichkappe
das Heunetz füllen
Erste-Hilfe-Kasten
Pullerriemen
flache Ringe
Transportgamasche
Schabracke
Fliegenkappe
Mask fixed to the halter with tape fastenings
for horses at pasture persecuted by flies.
fly mask
fly repellent
Spray to protect the horse from flies.
See also net rug, net cooler; rug with very fine
meshes to avoid insect bites.
Browband with long fringes to chase flies away
from the horse’s eyes.
Additional girth fixing the saddle to prevent it
from slipping forward.
Tool used for the work in the stables, for
example mucking out.
Pommel of the Western saddle.
flysheet
flyveil
foregirth
fork
fork
Double-jointed mouthpiece with flat middle
piece.
french link snaffle
full cheek snaffle
See crossbar snaffle, snaffle with cheeks.
Sharp bit with strong leverage often used in
Polo and eventing.
gag bit
Straps needed to link the cheek piece and the
reins by passing them through the gag bit.
gag bit cheek straps
gauze pads
gel pad
general purpose saddle
girth
girth sleeve
girth straps
gogue
grable noseband
grazing bit
grease, to
Fliegenmaske
Fliegenspray
Fliegendecke
Fransenstirnband
Vorgurt
Mistgabel, Forke
Doppelt gebrochenes
Gebiss mit flachem
Mittelteil
Knebeltrense
Aufziehtrense
Backenstücke für
Aufziehtrensen
For cleaning and applying to wounds.
Gaze
Pad placed under the saddle filled with a sort of
Gelpad, Gelkissen
gelatine to absorb pressure.
All-purpose saddle which can be used for
dressage, show jumping, eventing and leisure Mehrzwecksattel
riding.
Gurt
Cloth tube placed around the girth to prevent
Gurtschoner
from chafing.
Two to three leather straps the girth is buckled
Gurtstrippen
to.
Auxiliary rein providing pressure on the bit and
the GENICKSTÜCK. Option of buckling a pair of Gogue
additional reins to it.
Noseband with straps crossing the horse’s nose
Mexikanisches Reithalfter
diagonally.
Western bit with curved shanks.
Westernkandare
To put oil either on the hooves or the leather
einfetten
equipment.
groom, to
To clean a horse.
putzen, bürsten, striegeln
grooming
Act of taking care of a horse.
Porous stone for rubbing out manure stains
especially for grey horses.
Box for keeping your grooming kit.
Objects needed for cleaning a horse.
Bitless headstall based on the principle of
leverage.
Spray for highlightening the horse’s coat,
especially for show.
die Pflege
grooming block
grooming box
grooming tools
hackamore
hair Polish
Schimmelstein
Putzbox
Putzzeug
Hackamore
Fellglanzspray
half-moon mouthpiece
Bit with a piece in the middle shaped like a half- Gewölbtes Mundstück,
moon; often used in the Icelandic horse scene. Halbmondtrense
halter
See also headcollar, headstall or stable halter;
leather or nylon construction to tether and walk Stallhalfter
a horse; also used in halter competitions.
harness
hay bag
Collection of equipment needed for driving or
draught.
Like a hay net, but instead of having meshes,
there is only one big hole in the bag the horse
can eat the hay from.
Page 98
Geschirr
Heusack
Wide mesh net to fill in the hay; helps to avoid
Heunetz
the horse wasting hay by tredding on it.
hay net
headstall
height&weight measure
tape
Metal grid fixed on the wall to put the hay in it
so that the horse doesn’t step on it.
See stable halter, halter or headstall.
Piece of the bridle, made of leather, located
behind the horses' ears.
See headcollar, stable halter or halter.
Measuring tape to determine the horse’s
physical values.
hitching rings
Strong rings in the wall to tether your horse.
hay-rack
headcollar
headpiece
hobbles
hobnail
hock boot
hog, to
hole punch
hollow mouthpiece
hood
hoof care
hoof grease
hoof knife
hoof oil
hoof rasp
hoof tar
hoof-pick
Heuraufe
Stallhalfter
Genickstück
Stallhalfter
Maßband zur
Gewichtsbestimmung
Anbindering
Fußfesseln, Hobbles
Special nail to fix the horseshoe to the hoof.
Boot protecting the hock for example for
travelling.
To clip a part of the horse down to the skin, for
example the mane.
See also leather punch, revolving punch; Pair
of tongs to make holes of different sizes in
straps.
Non-massive, light bit.
Additional part of a rug covering the horse’s
neck.
Looking after the hooves.
Grease to brush on cleaned hoofes. They
should be watered before.
Sharp bent knife to cut out the hooves.
Oil to brush on cleaned hoofes. They should be
watered before.
Heavy, two-sided rasp to finish off the edge of
the hoof after it has been cut out.
Tar formerly used to desinfect the hoof; today
it is known as to be cancerous.
Hook on a handle to remove dirt, stones etc.
from the hooves.
Hufnagel
Sprunggelenksskappe
abrasieren (z.B. die
Mähne)
Lochzange
Hohltrense
Halsteil (einer Decke)
Hufpflege
Huffett
Hufmesser, Rinnmesser
Huföl
Hufraspel
Holzteer
Hufkratzer
hook
Part of the curb bit for fixing the curb chain.
hooks
Pair of hooks you thread into loops on the inner
Stiefelanzieher
side of riding boots to help pulling them on.
horn
horse care
iodine
jointed mouthpiece
jump boots
jumping bat
jumping saddle
A sort of hook on the top of the fork of Western
saddles.
Everything a rider has to do to keep his/her
horse(s) clean, healthy and happy.
Antiseptic liquid to put on injuries to avoid
inflammation. Should be part of every stable
medecine chest.
Bit with a single joint in the middle of it; most
common bit.
Boots open at the front to protect the horse
from injuries and at the same time train it to
be carefull at fences.
Short crop used in showjumping and crosscountry.
Saddle specially designed for showjumping,
with projecting saddle flaps, kneerolls and calf
rolls.
Kinnkettenhaken
Horn (Westernsattel)
Pferdepflege
Jod
Einfach gebrochenes
Mundstück
Springgamasche
Springgerte, Springstock
Springsattel
kimblewick
One-piece bit with slotted D-rings.
Springkandare, Kimblewick
kineton noseband
A special type noseband with two metal plates
at either side of the muzzle.
Bügel-Reithalfter
Page 99
knee rolls
knots bridle
knotted headstall
Blocks fixed on the front part of the sweat flap
to help the rider keep his legs in position;
usually used on showjumping saddles to
prevent the rider's knee from sliding forward.
Kniepauschen
Knotentrense
Knotenhalfter
lungeing rein
Simple cord bridle.
Halter made of rope material.
Reins with thin leather hanks plaited around
them.
See also tying-up rope; A rope to fix your
horse with.
Soft bit made of leather. It usually adapts to
the shape of the horse’s mouth.
Saddle or lungeing girth made of leather.
See hole punch, revolving punch.
See fender.
Quilted cloth placed under bandages to absorb
pressure.
Straps fixed on the inner side of rugs to
prevent it from fluttering in the wind.
A lotion for medical treatment .
Prevents the horse from catching the lower
bars of the Weymouth bit with its lips.
See also lungeing rein; Very long lead used for
basic work from the ground: Used to keep the
horse on a circle.
See lunge.
lungeing whip
Artificial aid. Long crop used to lunge a horse.
Longierpeitsche
mane comb
Object for detangling the horse’s mane.
See also trough; Object out of which the horse
eats its concentrated feed.
Tool to shove droppings into a sort of bucket
with handle.
Special extended martingale combined with
ringed reins. Auxiliary rein used whilst riding to
encourage correct use of neck and back
muscles.
Auxiliary rein the reins pass through. In case
the horse lifts its head up to high, it provides
additional pressure on the bit.
Mähnenkamm
laced reins
lead (-rope)
leather bit
leather girth
leather punch
leg flap
leg pads
leg straps
liniment, ointment
lip strap
lunge
manger
manure collector
Market Harborough
martingale
umflochtener Zügel
Anbindestrick, Führstrick
Ledergebiss
Ledergurt
Lochzange
Fender
Bandagierkissen
Beinschnüre
Tinktur
Scherriemen
Longe
Longe
Krippe, Futterkrippe
Bollensammler, Mistboy
Thiedemann-Zügel
Martingal
martingale stops
Little rubber rings used to hold the martingale
branches together if they are too long.
metal curry comb
Object for getting off mud and the winter coat,
Eisenstriegel
but only on the fleshy parts of the body.
motor van
See also trailer; Used for transporting horses.
net rug
Object buckled to a bridle placed in the horse’s
mouth to pass on the rein aids.
See also remove the droppings, to; To remove
the excrements of horses.
Curved one-piece bit.
See also net rug, cooler or sweat-rug; blanket
to protect the horse from flies.
See net cooler, cooler or sweat-rug.
New Zealand rug
Waterproof blanket for horses at pasture.
mouthpiece
muck out, to
mullen mouthpiece
net cooler
nipper
nose guard
Pair of special tongs the farrier uses to pull off
horse shoes.
Sheepskin or fleece wrapped around the
noseband to prevent chafing.
Page 100
Martingalschieber
Transporter
Mundstück
ausmisten
gebogene Stange
Fliegendecke
Fliegendecke
Regendecke,
Neuseelanddecke
Hufbeschlagszange
Nasenschoner
Part of the bridle. One strap leads around the
poll, the other one is fixed around the nose.
noseband
Reithalfter
See also saddle-shaped numnah or quilted
numnah; Cloth or pad placed under a saddle to Satteldecke
prevent from chafing.
Felt, canvas or sheepskin pad placed under the
Sattel-Pad
saddle to prevent from pressure.
numnah
numnah pad
one ear bridle
Western bridle put over one ear of the horse.
Einohrtrense
ordinary noseband
See also cavesson noseband; Most common
noseband.
Englisches Reithalfter
overreach boots
See also bell boots; Guard for the coronet and
Sprungglocken
bulb of heel to avoid injuries caused by treads.
Ox Bow
Wide stirrups used on stock or Western saddles Steigbügel für Arbeitssättel
Thick cushion placed under the saddle to avoid
Sattelunterlage, Pad
pressure.
Padded area where the saddle lies on the
Sattelkissen
horse’s back.
pad
panel
pelham
Plain mouthpiece with four rings. Can either be
used as a curb bit (with two pairs of reins), or Pelham
in combination with pelham roundings.
pelham roundings
pick out the hoof, to
pitch-fork
Straps buckled to the pelham.
To remove dirt, stones etc. from the hoof.
Tool for giving hay to horses.
plain leather reins
Reins without bars. Usually used as curb reins. glatte Lederzügel
plain mouthpiece
One-piece bit.
Ungebrochenes Mundstück
plait aid rubber bands
plait, to
plaited reins
Einflechtgummis
einflechten
geflochtener Zügel
Polo bandages
Rubber band to fix the mane plaits.
To style a horses' mane for competition.
Reins made out of plated leather.
Adhesive tape wrapped around the plaited
mane.
In Britain, plaited manes are sewn together
with it.
See stable bandages.
pommel
Highest part at the front of the saddle seat.
Vorderzwiesel
port
The middle part of curb bits.
port bit
Western one-piece bit with a large port.
Zungenfreiheit
Westernkandare mit
Zungenfreiheit
Pro-Sport boots
Closed boot, ideal for high impact sports.
geschlossene Gamasche
Superior protection for ligaments and tendons.
plaiting band
plaiting thread
pull on the boots, to
pull the mane, to
pulling comb
quatering
quick grooming
quilted numnah
race roller
rack chain
Pelhamriemchen
Huf auskratzen
Heugabel, Heuforke
Klebeband zum Einflechten
Einflechtgarn
Stallbandagen
See also put on the boots, to; trying to get into
Stiefel anziehen
(usually rather narrow) boots.
To lighten the amount of hair in the horse’s
Mähne verziehen
mane.
Fine comb for pulling the hair.
Verziehkamm
flüchtig putzen,
See brush down or quick grooming.
drüberputzen
flüchtig putzen,
See quatering or brush down.
drüberputzen
See also saddle-shaped numnah or numnah;
Cloth placed under the saddle to prevent from Satteldecke / gesteppt
chafing.
Girth to fix a rug crossing diagonally under the
Kreuzdeckengurt
horse’s tummy.
See also chain; A chain to tether your horse
Anbindekette
with.
Page 101
rain sheet
raincoat
rake
Waterproof rug.
Waterproof coat for outdoor riding.
Tool to gather droppings.
Regendecke
Regenmantel
Rechen
rein
See also snaffle rein; Pair of leashes leading
from the bit rings to the hand of the rider.
Zügel
Small rings sewn on to the reins to fix auxiliary
Zügelringe
reins.
Little rubber diamond shaped rings to stop the
martingale rings from getting stuck in the rein Martingalstopper
buckles.
rein rings
rein stops
remove the droppings, to
See muck out, to.
ausmisten
revolving punch
riding gear
Lochzange
Reitausrüstung
roller bit
round-stiched bridle
See hole punch; leather punch.
Equipment for the rider.
See also salt-lick; Block of salt to provide
additional minerals.
Blocks fixed on the sweat flap To help the rider
keep his legs in position.
Sewn in form of a roll, not flatly.
See also surcingle; Girth to fix the rug or used
for lungeing.
Bit with one or more rotating parts.
The pieces of the bridle are rolled.
rowel
Little wheels at the end of the neck of spurs.
Sporenrad
rock-salt
roll
rolled
roller
rubber (grip) reins
rubber bit
rubber cheekers
rubber curry comb
rug
rug bib
rug bib
rug up, to
running martingale
running side-rein
running-rein
saddle
saddle bag
Reins with rubber coating so they can't slip
easily through the rider's fingers.
Soft, flexible bit made of rubber.
Holds the bit high in the horse's mouth to help
prevent the horse from getting its tongue over
the bit.
Soft version of the metal curry cumb for
getting off mud and the winter coat, but only
on the fleshy parts of the body.
A blanket to protect your horse from cold an
dirt.
A sort of muzzle to prevent your horse from
biting its rug.
To prevent chafing of the horse's shoulder by
rugs.
To put on the blanket.
See martingale.
Auxiliary rein leading from the girth - chest bit rings and back to the lateral part of the
girth.
See draw rein.
More or less rigid object fixed on to the horse’s
back for riding purposes.
Bags fitting to the shape of a saddle for trail
riding.
Salzleckstein
Pausche
rundgenäht
Deckengurt, Longiergurt
Gebiss mit Rolle(n)
rundgenähte Trense
Gummizügel
Gummigebiss
Gebisshalter
Gummistriegel
Decke
Deckenbeißschutz
Deckenscheuerschutz für
Schulter
eindecken
Ringmartingal
"Wiener Zügel" /
Dreieckszügel
Schlaufzügel
Sattel
Satteltasche
saddle blanket
Saddle-shaped cloth placed under the saddle.
Satteldecke
saddle cloth
saddle cover
See floded numnah or sqared numnah.
See dust cover.
Parts on either side of the saddle covering the
girth straps.
See girth.
Special leather grease for the saddle.
Bow to store the saddle.
Frame of the saddle.
To put the saddle on the horse.
Schabracke
Sattelüberzug
saddle flaps
saddle girth
saddle grease
saddle rack
saddle tree
saddle, to
Page 102
Sattelblätter
Sattelgurt
Lederfett
Sattelhalter, Sattelbock
Sattelbaum
satteln
salt-lick
See also tack; Objects like saddle, bridle etc.
needed for riding.
See numnah or quilted numnah.
Stirrups with a special shape or with rubber
bands to free the rider's foot more easily in
case of an accident.
See rock-salt.
salt-lick holder
Object fixed to the wall to put a salt -lick in.
seat
shovel
show bit
show rug
Area of the saddle the rider can sit on.
Sitzfläche
Long bars at either side of the bit providing
Anzüge
leverage.
Wooden leftovers from the sawmill used as
Späne, Schnitzel
bedding.
To cut off the tail with a pair of scissors when it
den Schweif abschneiden
is too long.
Tool for cleaning the stables .
Schaufel
Western bit with decorated shanks.
Showkandare
Noble rugs used at horse shows.
Showdecke
side rein
Auxiliary rein leading from the bit to the girth.
saddlery
saddle-shaped numnah
safety irons
shanks
shavings
shorten the tail, to
sling boots
slotted rings
Ancient saddle with specially formed horns so
that ladies can sit sideways.
Indispensible for those engaged in Polo and
Polocrosse.
Helps to tame the mane and to prevent neck
rugs and hoods rubbing the mane.
See Pro-Sport boots, Sport Medicine Boot.
Bit rings with various slots for the reins.
snaffle (bit)
Simple two-piece bit for all-purpose riding.
snaffle rein
See also rein; Different sorts of line leading
from the bit rings to the hand of the
rider.
side-saddle
skid boots
skinny hood
snaffle rings
snaffle with cheeks
snap
split reins
sponge
sponge, to
Sports Medicine Boot
spring chip
sqared numnah
stable bandage
stable halter
stable-rug
steady grip
stick
stirrup leather
See also bit rings; Rings on both sides of the
bit.
Bit with two bars at either side of the horse's
muzzle.
Hook to clip things quickly on to an other
object.
Pair of heavy thick reins which are not buckled
and thus closed.
Used to clean the horses eyes, nostrils and
anus with water.
Cleaning the horse with sponge and water after
hard work.
See Pro-sport boots, sling boots.
A safty-hook which can be opened quickly in
case the horse panicks.
See floded numnah or saddle cloth.
See wool bandage.
See headcollar, headstall or halter.
Blanket for horses in stable.
Strap fixed at the pommel for riding beginners
or scared riders to hold on to.
See also cane, whip, bat, crop; Artificial aid by
which the rider may emphasize and back up
encourage reluctant or
to punish.
Sattelzeug
Satteldecke
Sicherheitssteigbügel
Salzleckstein
Lecksteinhalter
Ausbinder / Ausbindezügel
Damensattel
Fesselkopfgamasche
Deckenscheuerschutz für
Hals
Ringe mit Zügelschlitzen
Trensengebiß / einfach
gebrochen
Trensenzügel
Trensenringe
Knebeltrense
Haken
geteilte Zügel, Split Reins
Schwamm
abwaschen, abschwammen
Karabinerhaken
Schabracke
Stallbandage
Stallhalfter
Stalldecke
Angstriemen
Gerte
Leather strap to fix the stirrup onto the saddle. Steigbügelriemen
Page 103
stirrup treads
stirrup, stirrup-iron
stirrup-insole
straps
strech rug
stuff the hay-net, to
summer coat
summer sheet
surcingle
surcingle
surcingle
sweat flap
sweat rug
sweat scraper
sweep, to
swivel iron
tack
tack room
tail bag
tail bandage
tail flap
tail guard
tail strap
tail wrap
take off the bridle, to
tape fastening
teitch
thorough grooming
throat-lash
todder the tail, to
Tom Thumb bit
total leather seat
See also stirrup-insole; Piece of rubber fixed at
the inside of the stirrups so the rider's feet
can't slip out easily.
A metal bow the rider rests his feet on, also
used to get on the horse.
See stirrup treads.
Thin leather pieces with holes for buckles.
All-over rug to prevent attacks from flies;
especially for horses with sweet itch.
See fill the hay-net, to.
Thin coat horses get in spring after losing their
winter coat.
Light rug, also used on transport.
See roller; Girth needed to lunge a horse to fix
the auxiliary rein.
See roller; Girth to fix the rug.
Additional girth to fix the saddle in eventing,
Polo, Horse Ball etc.
Piece of the saddle, made of leather, laying
under the girth straps.
See also cooler, net cooler or net rug; A
blanket you put on a horse after work to help it
to sweat out.
Tool to get water and sweat out of the horse's
coat.
To clean the stable with a broom.
Special stirrups with joints to encourage the
rider to relax his ankles.
See saddlery.
Warm and dry place to keep all the horses'
equipment.
Bag show horse owners use to save the horse’s
tail from dirt, chafing etc.
Bandage used as a tail guard.
Piece of rug covering the tail.
Cover put over the tail to prevent it from
getting chafed by the horse.
See crupper.
See tail guard.
The contrary of "to bridle"; taking off the bridle
after work.
Way of fixing two pieces of cloth together.
Mechanical tool to calm the horse by twisting
its upper lip.
To groom a horse very carefully, for example
for competition or show.
Strap surrounding the throat from one ear to
the other.
To sort the tail hair with one's fingers instead
of using a comb.
Tom Thumb bars stop the bit from slipping
through the horse's mouth.
Breeches with leather at the bottom and the
inside-legs.
Steigbügeleinlage
Steigbügel
Bügeleinlage
Strippen
Exzemerdecke
das Heunetz füllen
Sommerfell
Sommerdecke
Longiergurt
Deckengurt
Übergurt
Schweißblatt
Abschwitzdecke,
Fliegendecke
Schweißmesser
fegen, kehren
Steigbügel mit schräger
Trittfläche
Sattelzeug
Sattelkammer
Schweiftasche
Schweifbandage
Schweiflatz
Schweifschoner
Schweifriemen
Schweifschoner
abzäumen
Klettverschluss
Nasenbremse
gründlich putzen
Kehlriemen
verlesen / den Schweif
Knebeltrense
Ganz-Leder-Besatz
towel, to
To rub the sweat and wetness off the horse.
abtrocknen, trocknen
trailer
See motor van.
Long, thick lead preferably used by
horsetrainers.
"Hairstyle" for horses.
See manger.
Metal mouthpiece in form of a corkscrew.
Mouthpiece in shape of a corkscrew.
Anhänger
training Lead
trim, to
trough
twisted mouthpiece
twisted wire bit
Page 104
Trainingsstrick
frisieren
Trog
Mundstück / gedrehtes
Gedrehtes Mundstück
unsaddle, to
absatteln
windsuck collar
To take off the saddle after work.
Noble rectangular numnah made out of velvet
cloth.
Pail to bring water to the horse.
To give water to horses.
Plastic brush with very hard bristles used for
washing horses.
See cord reins.
See double bridle.
Combination of the two bits needed for the
double or Waymouth bridle.
Tool with one or two wheels to transport heavy
things (horse muck, hay, etc.).
See also cane, stick, bat, crop; Artificial aid by
which the rider may emphasize
and back up the natural aids of seat and legs.
Used to encourage reluctant or
to punish.
See crib-biter strap.
winter coat
Thicker coat horses start getting in autumn.
Winterfell
velvet saddle pad
water bucket
water, to
water-brush
web reins
Weymouth bridle
Weymouth set
wheelbarrow
whip
Samtschabracke
Wassereimer
tränken
Waschbürste
Gurtzügel
Kandarenzaum
Kandarengebisse
Schubkarre
Gerte, Peitsche,
Dressurgerte
Kopperriemen
Blanket for clipped horses or to prevent horses
Winterdecke
from getting a thick winter coat.
Bandages made of wool, used for horses in
Wollbandage
stable (not for work!).
Rectangular broom with hard bristles for
Besen
cleaning larger areas.
winter rug
wool bandage
yard brush
Horsesport
Carola Gerstmaier
Abbreviations for Horse
sport events
Arena
A List of Abbreviations exists for the different
disciplines, of horse sport, for example CD
means dressage event
A large indoor or outdoor riding area usually
fenced and and with soft footing
Abkürzungen für
Reitsportdisziplinen
Reitplatz
Appeal Committee
Committee determined by the FEI for World
Cup Finals, Championships, Region and
Olympic Games, Consists of a president and
two members, Must be international ( one of
the members must be foreign)
Badge of honour
Is awarded to competitors who have completed
the first round of a Nations Cup, a Team or
individual Championship at Olympic Games and
Ehrenschleife
World and Continental senior Championships,
for 40 completed Nations Cups a gold badge of
honour is awarded
Screen to show sequences from the practice
area or an electric starting board
Candidatee (international) Candidate for the position of an International
judge
Judge
Beamer info systems
Beschwerdekommittee
Beamer
Informationssystem
Nachwuchsrichter,
Richterkandidat
Code of Conduct
Gives a general impression about the
demanded behaviour in horse sport towards
horse and human, says that the welfare of the
horse must be considered paramount
Verhaltenskodex des
Pferdesports
Chefs d´Equipe
Class
Competition place
Person that leads a team of competitors
A single test or show jumping course
Show arena
Mannschaftsführer
Bewerb
Austragungsplatz
Page 105
Any horse sport event which includes
Reitsportveranstaltung
competitions for more than one discipline
Farewell competition, Open to competitors who
Trostrunde
were not qualified for an individual
Championship
Concours Hippique
Consolation Round
Continental Equestrian
Championships
Championships held for the equestrian
disciplines dressage show jumping, eventing,
driving, vaulting, endurance riding. All
European Nations who are members in the FEI
can send individual riders or teams if they fulfil
Europameisterschaften in
the qualification standards. The continental
championships in the main disciplines
(jumping, dressage, eventing) are held every 2
years. The continental championships for
young riders, junior riders and pony riders take
place every year.
Corporate Identity Arena
Jump
Brand Identity Arena Jump
Werbehindernis
Court of Arbitration for
Sport (CAS)
Designs the show jumping course, determines
speed, kind of jumps, height and spread of
jumps and which jumps mped over in the
winning round
The second instance for judicial decisions on
sport
Declaration of starters
Declaring of the competitors at the show office Melden der Starter
Designated stables
At international events horses have to be
stabled in mobile stables surrounded by a
fence, only riders, grooms and trainers are
allowed to enter the area of the designated
stables
Turnierboxen mit
Zugangsbeschränkung
Dressage arena
A completely flat arena, measuring 60x20m
skirted by a low rail along with 12 letters that
are placed symmetrically to provide reference
marks for the different manoeuvres
Dressurviereck
Course designer
Earnings
Effort
Entry fee
Equitation
Event schedule
The amount of money that a horse has won in
its lifetime
A single jump that has to be completed with a
single attempt. Obstacles (combinations) can
consist of up to 3 jumps and therefore require
3 efforts
A fee that has to be paid in order to be allowed
to participate in a competition
Classes in which the rider, not the horse, is
judged. The rider must demonstrate a good
seat and hands and pass a sufficient score of
the required tests
Programme of competition
Parcoursbauer
Schiedsgericht für Sport
Gewinnsumme
(Einzel) Sprung
Nenngebühr
Dressurreiter/Springreiterp
rüfung
Veranstaltungszeitplan
Farewell of Nations
Ceremonious parade of mounted competitors in
sequence of participating nations in the show
Umzug der Nationen
arena as an opening event at international
horse shows like the CSI Aachen
Federation Equestre
International
The world governing body for equestrian sports
Flags
Groom
Internationale Reitsport
Vereinigung
Every obstacle has to be flanked by a white
Hindernisflaggen
and a red flag
Person that cares about the welfare of a horse
Pferdepfleger
including feeding, cleaning the stable and
saddling
Page 106
Consists of official judges at an event, the
members of the Ground Jury are appointed to
evaluate a competitor or an event
Veterinarian certificate that proves the health
condition of a horse
Ground Jury
Health certificate
Basis Jury
Gesundheitszeugnis
Horse passport
Record of identification that includes full name,
address and signature of the owner, description
Pferdepasssport
of the horse completed includes a record of
vaccination and medication control tests
Horse show
Horse tournament
Identification number for
horses
Numbers provided for sport horses by the FEI
organising committee on arrival at the event,
kept throughout the event
International Transport
Certificate
Pferdesportveranstaltung
Identifikationsnummern für
Turnierpferde bei
internationalen
Veranstaltungen
Certificate for the transport of a horse from one Internationale
country to another
Transportbescheinigung
Individual Competition Test Class counted for an individual final ranking
Prüfung für Einzelwertung
Inspection of saddlery
Sattelzeug Inspektion mit
Gebißkontrolle
Control of the tack (including the bit)
Person with judging qualification for
international level
letters ( A,C,K,E,H,M,B,I,V,R,S,P) that are
placed symmetrically along a low rail to
provide reference marks for the different
manoeuvres in the dressage arena
Stabling of horses in a mobile stable
International judge
Letter Cones
Mobile boxes
Internationaler Richter
Viereckbuchstaben
Mobilboxen
National Equestrian
Championships
Championships at national level
Nationale Meisterschaften
in Reitsportdisziplinen
Nation Cup series
Horse sport series where teams from different
countries compete against each other, every
country can only organize one Nation Cup per
discipline (dressage, show jumping) and year
Nationenpreis Serie
Official International
Events
Horse shows that are held on an international
level with qualified foreign participants
Offizielle Internationale
Veranstaltungen
A person that fulfils an official function at a
Offizieller
horse sport event like course designer, chefsteward, steward and judge
Equestrian classes for senior riders at Olympic
level in the disciplines show jumping, dressage Olympische Reitbewerbe
and eventing
The person that has the legal responsibility for
a horse, normally the competitor, the owner,
Verantwortliche Person
the Chef d´Equipe, the team trainer or the
team veterinarian
Official
Olympic Equestrian
competition classes
Person responsible
Preliminary Competition
Test
Class at the beginning of a horse show ,
favoured by many riders to get the horses used Einlaufprüfung
to the show arena and the event atmosphere
Prize awarding ceremony
Ceremony where rosettes and prizes are given
to the winner and the placed competitors
Processing of entries
Record of Vaccination
The necessary administrative tasks before
horse sport events can take place ( Processing
of the entry data, accreditations, hotel
booking,..)
Register document for vaccinations
Page 107
Preisverleihung
Nennungsverfahren und
Veranstaltungsvorbereitun
g
Impfpass
Suspended participation at horse sport events
(often in combination with a fee) because of a
Rote Karte
violation of the official regulations that are valid
for horse tournaments
Red Card
A day without any competition entries or
intensive training for a horse
Prize for placements, belongs to the horse
owner
To acknowledge the Ground Jury by an
inclination of the head (male competitors lift
their hats)
Video wall that enables the audience to be at
close quarters, even in large and complex
arenas
Area where a horse show takes place
An office situated on the show ground that is
responsible for seeing to it that the
administrative organisation of the horse sport
event works
Rest day
rosette
Salutation
Score boards
Show-ground
Show office
Ruhetag
Masche
Gruß (des Reiters)
Wertungstafel
Veranstaltungsplatz
Meldestelle
Senior class
Standard forms for world and continental
championships and the Olympic Games consist
in the discipline dressage of a Grand Prix, a
Seniorenklasse
Grand Prix Special and Grand Prix freestyle test
and in the discipline show jumping
Stable plaque
A prize given for placements
Starting fee
A fee that has to be paid for the participation in
Startgebühr
one or more classes at a horse show
Starting order
Order of participation
Startreihenfolge
Steward
An Official that has to care about the
compliance with the official international
regulations . For instance in the field of the
stabling of horses and any irregular behaviour
of persons who are accredited to the closed
area at an international horsesport event
Steward
Team Competition Test
A competition where the team results count for
Mannschaftsprüfung
the final placement
Technical Delegate
Person required to approve all the
administrative arrangements for an event from
the time of the appointment until the end of
the event, Has to take care that the
Technischer Delegierter
accomodation for competitors and grooms, the
stabling and the feed for the horses and the
training area are suitable in all respects
Time measurement
Type of Event
Veteran rider
Veterinary Inspection
Taking the time that a competitor needs to
complete a test or a jumping course
Kind of Tournament
Riders that have reached a special age may
compete in Veteran riders classes, Women
from the year in which they reach their 45th
birthday and men from the year in which they
reach their 49th birthday
Checkup of the horse by a group of qualified
veterinarians, Obligatory at any international
event and in the disciplines of eventing and
endurance
Page 108
Stallplakette
Zeitnehmung
Veranstaltungstyp
Seniorenreiter
Veterinärinspektion
Veterinary Commission
A Group of qualified veterinarians that check all
horses participating in an international
Veterinärkommission
horsesport event or in a national event held in
certain disciplines such as endurance
Training session to prepare a horse for a horse
show class
Warming-up Area
Practice Area
Winning round
Jump-off
International Sport Series open to Dressage
World Cup Dressage Series
riders from all continents
World Cup Show jumping International Sport Series open to Show
Series
jumping riders from all continents
Warm-up session
Aufwärm-Training
Vorbereitungsplatz
Stechen
Weltcup Dressur Serie
Weltcup Spring Serie
World Equestrian
Championships
Championships held for equestrian disciplines
(jumping, dressage, eventing, driving, vaulting,
endurance riding) every 4 years. All Nations
Weltmeisterschaften in
who are members in the FEI can send
individual riders or team riders if they fulfil the
qualification standards.
Young rider
A person may compete as Young rider from the
beginning of the calendar year in which s/he
Junger Reiter
calendar year in which s/he reaches the age of
21
Physiology and
Conformation/
Faults 1
Cindy Buchwald
Front Legs
front view
base narrow
bodeneng
base wide
bodenweit
bench knees
?
bow-legged
säbelbeinig
closed in front
base narrow
close-knees
knock knees
see:
The feet are wider at the
ground level than at their
tops at chest level.
The cannon bones are set
too far to the outside of
the knees.
The fore limbs deviate
laterally above the knee,
and medially below the
knee. The limbs are bent
outward.
see:
knock knees
offset-knees
bench knees
open in front
base wide
The feet are narrower at
the ground level than at
their tops at chest level.
x-beinig
The fore limbs deviate
medially above the knee
and laterally below the
knee. The limbs are bent
inward, under the horse.
see:
see:
Page 109
pigeon toed
toes-in
splay footed
toes-out
see:
see:
toes-in/ toed-in
zeheneng
toes-out/toed-out
zehenweit
side view
back at the knees
rückbiegig
buck knees
vorbiegig
calf knees
see:back at the knees
camped (out) in front
vorständig
camped under
under in front
fetlock
Fesselgelenk
see:
long, weak pastern
lange, weiche Fessel
over at the knees
buck knees
The limb may rotate
inward from as high as the
chest or as low as the
fetlock.
The pastern bones and
hoof are twisted and
pointed outward.
The knees are behind the
vertical.
The knees are in front of
the vertical.
The leg, from body to the
ground, is set too far
forward.
the ankle of the horse.
The horse is prone to
injure ankles, tendons and
ligaments because the
pastern is too long relative
to length of limb.
see:
pastern
Fessel
sloping pastern
schräge Fessel
straight pastern
gerade Fessel
tied-in below the knee
under in front
?
unterständig
Hind legs/Hips
rear view
(standing) under behind
unterständig
base narrow at the hocks
The connection between
the coronet and the
fetlock.
Is one that is lower than
50 degrees.
It is higher than 60
degrees to the ground in
an adult horse.
The lower leg is narrower
below knee than just
above the fetlock, which
can cause strain on the
tendons just below the
knee.
The entire forelimb leans
backward underneath the
horse.
The hind limb is placed too
far forward.
see: closed behind
base wide at the hocks
bow-legged
see: open behind
säbelbeinig
see: sickle-shaped ?
camped (out) behind
rückständig
closed behind
hinten bodeneng
cow hocks
kuhhessig, X-Beine
Page 110
The entire limb is placed
too far back.
The hind legs are too close
together.
The hocks are closer
together and the toes are
pointed outwards.
high stifles
see: short hip
hock
Sprunggelenk
knocked down hip
abfallende Hüfte
long hip
lange Hüfte
It has a long femur which
drops the level of stifle to
or below the sheath line on
a male horse.
enge Hüften
The expanse between the
hips is narrow.
hinten bodenweit
The hind legs are too wide
apart.
flache Hüfte
Wide, flat, hip shaped like
a "T" when viewed from
behind.
kurze Hüfte
It has a short femur (thigh
bone) that reduces the
length of quadriceps and
thigh muscles.
low stifle
see: long hip
narrow hips
one hip bone lower
see: knocked down hip
open behind
over-straight hind legs
see: straight hind leg
post-legged
see:
camped (out) behind
rafter hips
short hip
sickle-hocked/sickle hocks sichelförmiges Sprunggelenk
sickle-shaped
Is the main joint on the
hind leg.
The points of the hip bones
are not level because of a
past injury.
fassbeinig, O-Beine
side view
The hind legs are carried
too far in underneath the
body.
The hocks are too far
apart.
gerades Hinterbein
The femur and tibia have
very little angulation.
clubfoot/feet
Bockhuf
An extremely upright hoof
with a very brokenforward
pastern-hoof axis. (The
foot has an axis of 60
degrees or more.)
contracted foot/heels
Zwanghuf
The back half of the foot
appearing to be narrow.
dropped sole
abgesenkte Sohle
The sole of a hoof which
has become convex rather
than concave.
flat feet
Flachhuf
The hoof is large and the
sole is close to the ground.
?
A narrow hoof with straight
quarters and a large frog.
straight hind leg
too straight behind
see: straight hind leg
feet
mule foot
Page 111
poor frog development
schwache Strahlausbildung
underrun heels
underslung heels
see: underrun heels
uneven heels
?
ungleicher Huf
The foot is less able to
absorb concussion, which
may lead to heel
contraction.
The slope of the heels is
shallower than that of the
toe as viewed from the
side.
Uneven length of heels.
Anne Haberland
Digestion
active transport of nutrients from the intestines
into the blood
part of the nervous system which controls the
functions of all organs, divided into
autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous
system
bladder
collects the urine before urinate
blood count
examination of the blood
nutrient consisting of individual
carbohydrates
monosaccharides, able to store energy
colic
any pain in the belly of a horse
deglutition
swallowing of food
deworming
to give the horse a cure against worms
diarrhea
the feces are very soft or watery
the things an animal gets to eat / components
diet
of the feeding
absorption
Absorption
Vegetatives Nervensystem
Harnblase
Blutuntersuchung
Kohlenhydrate
Kolik
Schlucken
Entwurmung
Durchfall
Ration /Futtermittel
digesta
food after being eaten / while being digested
Nahrungsbrei
digestive system
all organs from mouth to anus
proteins that catalyze the hydrolyse of
nutrients
the way from mouth to stomach
end product of fat after being hydrolysed by
enzymes
pieces of excrement
worms which live in the intestines
organisms that live in the colon, converting
plant material of little nutritional value into
utilizable nutrients
consists of colons in which the fermentation
takes place
organ which filters blood and produces the
urine
organ producing gall, a substance that
emulgates fats
chewing of food
glandular epithelium with cells secreting
mucus, enzymes or fluids
a tube put into the nose that leads down to the
stomach
carbohydrates, proteines & lipids
availability of utilizable nutrients in a certain
diet
to give the horse too much to eat
substance in plants consisting of
polysaccharides, builds the cell walls, can't be
digested
Verdauungsapparat
fluid in the mouth making the food slippery
Speichel
enzyme
esophagus
fatty acid
feces
gut parasites
indigenous microbes
intestines
kidney
liver
masticate
mucosa
nasogastric tube
nutrient
nutritional value
overfeeding
plant fiber
saliva
Page 112
Enzym
Speiseröhre
Fettsäure
Pferdeäpfel
Darmparasiten
Darmflora
Dickdarm
Niere
Leber
kauen
Schleimhaut
Nasen-Schlund-Sonde
Nährstoff
Nährwert
Überfütterung
Rohfaser
excretion of mucus, acids,enzymes or
hormones into the gastrointestinal tract by
special cells
organ which is able to store blood, part of the
lymphatic system
polysaccharid made up of amylose and
amylopectin, major storage reserve
carbohydrate of plants
stores the food while enzymes and acids are
splitting proteins into amino acids
secretion
spleen
starch
stomach
to starve
Sekretion
Milz
Stärke
Magen
if the horse doesn't get enough to eat it starves hungern
Birgit Eimer
absorption
active transport of nutrients from the intestines
Absorption
into the blood
alveolar artery
There you can feel the pulse of the horse. It is
located more or less on the chin of the horse.
Gesichtsarterie
antibodies
Proteins which are an adequate answer of the
immune system of the contact with antigens.
Antikörper
An organic matter which the organism knows
as external. It activates a specific immune
response.
aorta
The big main artery.
A vessel in which the blood flows from the
artery
heart in the direction of the organs.
A part of the chamber that receives blood from
atrium
veins.
part of the nervous system which controls the
functions of all organs, divided into
autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic and sympathetic noervous
system
bladder
collects the urine before urinate
blood
“The liquid of life”
antigen
Antigen
Aorta
Arterie
Herzatrium
Vegetatives Nervensystem
Harnblase
Blut
blood clotting
When a tissue is injured blood clotting serves
the occlusion of the wound. Many proteins of
the blood plasma are responsible for this.
Blutgerinnung
blood count
examination of the blood
Blutuntersuchung
blood plasma
A part of the blood which contains not white or
red blood cells but water, electrolytes, proteins, Blutplasma
nutrients, hormones and other substances.
The pressure which is in the chamber and the
blood vessels. An adult horse has a
characteristic blood pressure at rest of systolic
130/diastolic 95 mm Hg.
Arborisation of the trachea in the lungs.
blood pressure
bronchi
Blutdruck
Bronchien
capillaries
The smallest vessels of arteries. They branch
Kapillaren
out in tissue. 5% of the blood are in capillaries.
carbohydrates
nutrient consisting of individual
monosaccharides, able to store energy
cardiac output
It indicates how much blood is pumped by the
heart into the rest of the body per unit of time.
Herzminutenvolumen
A horse has a cardiac output at rest of 25l/min
and under max. work of about 300l/min.
cardiovascular system
The system consists of a network of joined
vessels for circulating the nutrient fluid and a
pump to propel the fluid through the vessels.
Page 113
Kohlenhydrate
Herz-Kreislauf-System
chamber
colic
deglutition
deworming
diarrhea
A compartment of the heart which is formed by
the myocardium. There are two chambers: on Herzkammer
the right side and the left side of the heart.
any pain in the belly of a horse
swallowing of food
to give the horse a cure against worms
the feces are very soft or watery
Refers to relaxation of a heart chamber prior to
and during filling of the chamber.
the things an animal gets to eat / components
of the feeding
Kolik
Schlucken
Entwurmung
Durchfall
digesta
food after being eaten / while being digested
Nahrungsbrei
digestive system
edema
all organs from mouth to anus
When the tissue swells with excess fluid.
proteins that catalyze the hydrolyse of
nutrients
The red blood cells. A horse has approximately
6-12 million erythrocytes per _l blood. They
serve the transport of oxygen through the
body.
the way from mouth to stomach
end product of fat after being hydrolysed by
enzymes
pieces of excrement
worms which live in the intestines
The pump of the cardiovascular system which
propels the fluid through the vessels.
Verdauungsapparat
Ödem
diastole
diet
enzyme
erythrocytes
esophagus
fatty acid
feces
gut parasites
heart
heart rate
heart sounds
heart valves
hematocrit
hemoglobin
homeostasis
hormone
indigenous microbes
The heart rate refers to the frequency of
cardiac cycles and is usually measured by the
number of beats per minute. A horse has a
heart rate at rest of 32-44 beats/minute.
Listening to the heart enables the listener to
hear the sounds that accompany contraction of
heart muscle and the sounds associated with
closure of the heart valves.
The heart valves or atrioventricular valves
prevent expulsion of ventricular blood into the
atria when the ventricles contract. They also
prevent the backflow of blood that has just
been ejected from the ventricles.
By centrifugation blood can be divided into its
component parts. Hematocrit is the waterinsoluble part: the erythrocytes. The
hematocrit of a healthy horse at rest is
between 30-40% of blood.
The principal component of erythrocytes.
Hemoglobin is an important structure for
binding oxygen in erythrocytes.
To sustain a constant inner setting or balance
in the organism. Via control cycles between
hypothalamus and the nerve-/hormon system
basic processes like temperature or blood
pressure are controlled.
Substances which are produced by glands or
special tissues. They have the function to
control other organs.
organisms that live in the colon, converting
plant material of little nutritional value into
utilizable nutrients
Page 114
Diastole
Ration /Futtermittel
Enzym
Erythrozyten
Speiseröhre
Fettsäure
Pferdeäpfel
Darmparasiten
Herz
Herzfrequenz
Herztöne
Herzklappen
Hämatokrit
Hämoglobin
Homöostase
Hormon
Darmflora
An immune reaction of the organism because
of an appeal. The aim of this reacion is the
elimination of the releasing agent and its
results.
consists of colons in which the fermentation
takes place
organ which filters blood and produces the
urine
The most important organ for detoxication. It
also regulates water supply and electrolytes
supply. Kidney has also a function in delivery of
hormons.
inflammation
intestines
kidney
kidney
The white blood cells. A horse has
approximately 5.000-10.000 leukocytes per _l
blood. They serve the immune system.
leukocytes
liver
lung
masticate
metabolism
mucosa
murmurs
nasogastric tube
nutrient
nutritional value
overfeeding
Physiology of the horse
pulmonary system
pulse
recurrent airway
obstruction (RAO)
reflexes
Niere
Niere
Leukozyten
An important adjunct to the circulatory system.
It consists of lymph vessels which have a fluid Lymphsystem
called lymph. It served the immune system.
lymphatic system
pulmonary alveoli
Dickdarm
organ producing gall, a substance that
Leber
emulgates fats
The main organ of metabolism. It produces bile
and decompose nutrients. It has also a function Leber
in detoxication.
An organ of the external respiration (absorption
of oxygen and dispensary of corbon dioxide). It
Lunge
also serves the control of water- and heat
balance.
liver
plant fiber
Entzündung
chewing of food
All processes which contain reception,
transformation and delivery of molecules and
energy in the organism. It’s connected with
transport and loft between the bodycells. There
are biochemical processes in which energy are
produced and used up.
glandular epithelium with cells secreting
mucus, enzymes or fluids
Abnormal heart sounds. Usually a result from
valve disorders.
a tube put into the nose that leads down to the
stomach
carbohydrates, proteines & lipids
availability of utilizable nutrients in a certain
diet
to give the horse too much to eat
substance in plants consisting of
polysaccharides, builds the cell walls, can't be
digested
The smallest terminations of the air passages
in the lungs.
There blood circulates through the lungs and
absorbs oxygen and delivers carbon dioxide.
see heart rate!
Elasticity of the lungs is reduced because of
pathological changes in alveoli.
Automatic act of an organ because of an
adequate signal.
Page 115
kauen
Stoff- und Energiewechsel
Schleimhaut
Herzgeräusche
Nasen-Schlund-Sonde
Nährstoff
Nährwert
Überfütterung
Rohfaser
Lungenbläschen
Lungenkreislauf
Puls
Dämpfigkeit
Reflexe
respiration
The means by which a horse obtains and uses
oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide. There
the ventilation of the lungs and the transport of
gases between the lungs and blood and
Atmung
between the blood and tissues are involved. A
horse has a respiratory frequency at rest of 1014 cycles/min.
saliva
fluid in the mouth making the food slippery
Speichel
secretion
excretion of mucus, acids,enzymes or
hormones into the gastrointestinal tract by
special cells
Sekretion
Simone Griesa
dish-nosed head/dishfaced
donkey quarters
concave profile of the face, typical in Arabians
Hechtkopf
croup like a donkey
Eselskruppe
downhill, quarters too high croup is higher than the wither
überbaut
drooping belly
long back
long croup
long loins
narrow croup
hollow back/dipped back
hollow loins
parrot mouth
melon shaped quarters
moulded quarters
roach back
ragged hips
roman nose
sheep's profile
short back
short croup
short loins
too fat, underline hangs downwards
?
?
?
not very broad croup
a back which dips excessively
?
lower jaw is set back
croup like a melon
croup divided in two parts
opposite of dipped back
sharp point of hips
see common head
looks like a head of a sheep
?
?
?
too short legs, doesn't fit to the rest of the
body
a horse with a convex profile such as is found
in the draught breeds
strong back with many muscles
croup going downwards at the tail
neck looks like that of a snake
opposite of parrot mouth
organ which is able to store blood, part of the
lymphatic system
Largest lymphoid organ of the body. The fluid
in it is blood instead of lymph. The function of
the spleen is poduction of lymphocytes and
filtration. The spleen is a very important
reservoir of red blood cells.
Hängebauch
langer Rücken
lange Kruppe
lange Nieren
schmale Kruppe
Senkrücken
hohle Nieren
Überbiss
Melonenkruppe
Spaltkruppe
Karpfenrücken
spitze Hüften
Ramskopf
Schafskopf
kurzer Rücken
kurze Kruppe
kurze Nieren
neck that appears to be put on upside down
Hirschhals
short-legged
common head
broad back
sloping croup
snake neck
sow mouth
spleen
spleen
stag neck
starch
stocky, thick-set
stomach
straight back
polysaccharid made up of amylose and
amylopectin, major storage reserve
carbohydrate of plants
?
stores the food while enzymes and acids are
splitting proteins into amino acids
?
Page 116
kurzbeinig
Ramskopf
breiter Rücken
abfallende Kruppe
Schlangenhals
Hechtgebiss
Milz
Milz
Stärke
gedrungen
Magen
gerader Rücken
straight croup
thick neck
thin neck
croup straight like a line
The same reaction of the organism to dramatic
changes, for example because of appearance of
enemies or cold snap.
?
loins gone back into the body
has a very long neck, usually with excessive
bend similar to a swan
It carries blood that has returned from the
lungs to all areas of the body.
Refers to contractions of a heart chamber in
the process of emptying.
A scalar physical value for body heat. The unit
can be Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F). The
temperature of horses varies from 37.2°38.1°C or 99.0°-100.6°F.
very thick
neck looks like a long piece of wood
to starve
if the horse doesn't get enough to eat it starves hungern
vein
A vessel in which the blood flows in the
direction of heart from the organs and tissues.
stress
strung up loins
sunken in loins
swan neck
systemic circulation
systole
temperature
A part of the chamber that receives blood from
the atria. The right and left ventricles pump
blood from the heart through the pulmonary
artery and aorta.
They contain the fluids which circulate in the
body. Vessels are arteries, veins and
capillaries.
Volume of gas which the lung can absorb.
Overline of the head looks like a straight line
from the ears downwards
opposite of narrow croup
A part of the airways in which the air arrives at
the lungs.
ventricle
vessel
vital capacity
V-shaped head
wide croup
wind-pipe
gerade Kruppe
Stress
stramme Nieren
gesenkte Nieren
Schwanenhals
Körperkreislauf
Systole
Temperatur
Speckhals
Bretthals
Vene
Herzventrikel
Gefäß
Atemvolumen der Lunge
Keilkopf
breite Kruppe
Luftröhre
Sandra Bogs
Aching muscles
Muscle fibres can break and hurt if they are
charged too strongly.
Biceps femoris
Maintains hip joint in extension, Main muscles
over the hindquarters, part of the hamstring
Biceps femoris
group, well developed in eventers, race horses.
Cardiovascular analysis
Croup
Deep digital flexor tendon
Deltoid
Electrolytes
Gait analysis
Lactate
heart scans
Top-line of horse from the top of the tail to the
highest point of the hindquarters
Flexes the joints of the lower leg, prevents the
fetlock from over extending, together with the
check ligaments helps with weight bearing.
Passes over the back of the knee, held in place
by the check ligament, passes over the
sesamoid bones and fans out over the navicular
bone.
Muscle which flexes shoulder joint.
Muskelkater
Cardiovasculäre Analyse
Kruppe
Tiefe Beugesehne
Musculus Deltoideus
electrolytes are electrically charged particles in
solution; some have a positive (+) charge and Elektrolyte
some have a negative (-) charge.
With the gait analysis, you can understand the
Ganganalyse
horses „Way of going”.
It is a substance in the muscle which you can
measure after hard work to find out about the Laktat
training degree.
Page 117
Lumbar muscles
Main or Longissimus dorsi
Massage
Muscle
Muscle fibre
Muscular
Muscular dystrophy
Physiotherapy
Powerful
Pressure
Rhomboideus
Semi membranosus
Semitendinosis
Speed
Splenius
Spurt
Muscle which extends the spine. It also raises
and supports the head and neck.
muscle used in rearing, kicking, jumping and
turning aids. It is the longest and strongest
muscle. The rider sits on it.
Act of pressing, and rubbing the body of horses
(i.e. with one's hands).
Horses use their muscles to produce
movement.
Very small parts of a muscle. A muscle consists
of many of them. There are different types of
muscle fibres.
having big and strong muscles
a disease in which the muscles become weaker
over a period of time.
the use of exercises, rubbing, heat…. In the
treatment of sick horses.
to be able to produce great physical power.
the action of putting force or weight onto
something.
It is the muscle which lifts shoulder and the
forehand. Pulls the scapula forward.
Part of hamstring group, well developed in race
horses/eventers.
Extends the hip and hock joints. Part of the
hamstring group, well developed in eventers
and race horses.
Rate of movement. The possibility to do
something as quickly as possible.
Muscle which turns and extends the neck.
Makes up the top line if well developed.
Short and sudden increase of speed.
Lendenmuskulatur
Musculus longissimus dorsi
Massage
Muskel
Muskelfaser
muskulös
Physiotherapie
energiereich
Druck
Rautenmuskel
Musculus
Semimembranosus
Musculus Semitendinosus
Schnelligkeit
Musculus Splenius
Spurt
Superficial digital flexor
tendon
Flexes the joints of the lower leg, prevents
fetlock from over extending & helps with
weight bearing. Passes down the back of the
Oberflächliche Beugesehne
cannon bone covering the DDFT, enclosing it at
the fetlock joint forming Annular ligament.
Superficial gluteal
Muscles which flex and extend the hip, pull
hind leg toward the body Used for rearing,
galloping and kicking. More developed in
dressage horses.
oberflächliche
Glutäenmuskulatur
(Gesäßmuskulatur)
Physiology and
Conformation/
Faults 2
Stella Harlinghausen,
Jördis Herold
back at the knee
base narrow
base wide
bay
A conformation fault in which the foreleg is
rückbiegig
bowed backwards at the knee.
A conformation fault in which the horse's feet
stand closer at the ground than at the origin of
eng (Hinterbeine)
the legs in the chest. Base narrow horses are
predisposed to leaning on the outside of the
hoof wall.
A conformation fault in which the horses feet
stand wider at the ground than at the origin of
weit (Hinterbeine)
the legs in the chest. More weight is distributed
at the inside of the hoof.
A horse with black points and reddish brown
body colour (most frequent horse colour).
Page 118
Brauner
black
blaze
A horse with a black body and black points.
A white strip on top of the nasal bone
Type of hard skeletal connective tissue.Bones
support body structures, protect internal
organs and (in conjunction with muscles)
facilitate movement.
A conformation fault in which the hocks are
turned too far outwards.
Damage to the tendon that results in
inflammation.
The beginning of the frog which holds the heel
together.
A conformation fault in which the cannon bone
is not perpendicular to the ground, but angled
behind the hock. A horse that camps out can
have more dificulty coiling the loins to bring the
hocks under the body. (common in some
gaited horses)
bone
bowed hocks
bowed tendon
bulb
camped out
Rappe
Blesse
Knochen
fassbeinig
geschwollene Sehne
Ballen
rückständig
cannon
The large third metacarpal/metatarsal bone. It
is located just below the knee/stifle. It provides Röhrbein
the major support of the body weight.
chestnut
The bony protrusion on the inside of the
forearm of each foreleg.
chestnut
Chestnut horses are some shade of red and
have nonblack points. The basic chestnut shade
Fuchs
is essentially red all over, in contrast to the
black points of bay horses.
circulatory system
conformation
conformation fault
coronet
cow hocks
crest
croup
deep digital flexor tendon
dorsal stripe
dun
fetlock
forelegs
System that moves blood throughout the body.
It is composed of the heart, capillaries, veins
and arteries.
The shape or contour of the body or body
stuctures.
Any abnormal position of a body part that
differs from the desired appearance.
The bend around the top of the hoof from
which the hoof wall grows.
Conformation fault in which the hocks are
pointed inward when viewed from behind.
The crest ist the curved topline of the neck
where the mane starts.
The croup lies between the loins and the tail.
When looking from the side or back it is the
highest point of the hindquarters.
Flexes the joints of the lower leg, prevents the
fetlock from over extending and helps with
weight bearing.
A primitive mark darker than the base colour;
carries into the mane and tail, resulting in
manes and tails with dark centers and pale
edges.
Light to medium sand couloured with dark skin,
mane, tail and lower legs.
The area or joint of the lower leg above the
pastern and below the cannon.
Kastanie
Kreislaufsystem
Exterieur
Gebäudefehler
Kronrand
kuhhessig
Mähnenkamm
Kruppe
tiefe Beugesehne
Aalstrich
Falbe
Fessel
The front, or thoracic limbs of the horse.They
are attached to the trunk by purely muscular
connections.During locomotion, the forelimb
functions primarily for weight-bearing rather
Vorderbeine
than propulsion. In the standing horse, the
forelimbs together support approximately 60%
of the weight of the horse.
Page 119
forelock
frog
grey
heel
hindlegs
hindquarters
hock
hoof
horn
joint
jugular groove
knee
ligament
The part of the mane that lies between the ears
on the forehead.
Bend of horny substance in the middle of the
sole of a horse's foot, dividing into two
branches and running towards the heel in the
shape of a "V".
A pattern of individual white hairs. Grey horses
are generally born coloured and progressively
aquire white hairs throughout the coat as they
age.
The hind part of the septum of the hoof.
Main role is to provide the force for propulsion.
Should have long heavy musceling through
gaskin and stifle.
Same function as hindlegs. Consists of
hindlegs, croup and tail.
The main joint on the hindleg.
The equine foot. Includes the coronary band
and all parts distal. Sometimes refers to only
the horny parts of the foot. Needs very
accurate care.
Substance, the tough insensitive parts of the
hoof, such as wands are made out of.
And articulation, place of union or junction
between two or more bones of skeleton.
Schopf
Strahl
Grau
Trachtenwand
Hinterbeine
Hinterhand
Sprunggelenk
Huf
Horn
Gelenk
Drosselrinne
The joint between the forearm and the cannon
Karpalgelenk
bone.
A ligament is a short band of tough fibrous
connective tissue.Ligaments connect bones to Band
other bones to form a joint.
lymphatic system
The interconnected system of spaces and
vessels between body tissues and organs by
which lymph circulates throughout the body.
Lymphsystem
mammary glands
An organ, situated in the inguinal region
between the hindlegs, that produces and
secrets milk for the nourishment of the foals.
Euter
mane
muscle
muzzle
nervous system
nostrils
nuchal ligament
over at the knee
Long hair that has its origin in the crest; the
mane protects the horse's neck from rain and
insects.
An organ which by contraction produces the
movements of an organism.
The part of the face consisting of chin, mouth
and nostrils.
The nervous system coordinates the activity of
the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs
and processes input from the senses and
initiates actions.
The external opening of the airways.
A mucle that starts at the poll and ends at the
withers; it helps the muscles in the neck
supporting the head.
A conformation fault in which the foreleg is
bowed forward at the knee.
Mähne
Muskel
Maul
Nervensystem
Nüstern
Nackenband
vorbiegig
palomino
A yellow horse with nonblack points; generally
pale mane and tail. They vary from a rich gold
shade to a clear yellow shade.
pastern
Extends from the fetlock to the top of the hoof. Fessel
pigeon toed/ toe in
A conformation fault in which the hooves are
turned in towards each other.
Page 120
Palomino
zeheneng (Vorderbeine)
The portion of the horse's neck just behind the
ears.
Part of the septum of the hoof. Lies between
heel and toe.
A system by which oxigen is taken into the
body and carbondioxid is expelled from the
body. Consists of muzzle, nostrils, airways and
lungs.
Ribs are the long curved bones which form the
rib cage. Ribs surround the chest and protect
the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of
the thoracic cavity.
A term generally used for the intermixture of
white hairs and coloured hairs.
The male horse's external sexual organ.
A conformation fault in which the horse stands
with the hindlimbs bent more than normal at
the hock, placing the hooves farther forward
than ideally.
Made out of bones, some of them joined
together. Functions not only as the support for
the body but also for the protection of vital
organs.
A white marking between nostrils
white extending up to the fetlocks
asymmetric white spots in the coat
Conformation fault in which the hooves are
turned away from each other.
poll (of the neck)
quarters
respiratory system
ribs
roan
sheath
sickle hocked
skeleton
snip
sock
splashed
splay footed/ toe out
Genick
Seitenwand (Huf)
Atmungssystem
Rippe
Stichelhaarig
Schlauch
säbelbeinig
Skelett
Schnippe
Socke
Schecke
zehenweit (Vorderbeine)
splint bones
The smaller second and fourth metacarpals.
They are positioned medially and laterally,
Griffelbeine
toward the palmar side of the third metacarpal.
They are rudimental and inoperable.
standing-under
A conformation fault in which the cannon bone
is not perpendicular to the ground, but angled unterständig
before the hock.
star
A white marking above or between the eyes
stifle
stocking
stripe
superficial digital flexor
tendon
tail
The joint above the hock. Equivalent of the
human knee.
white extending up to the cannon
narrow white stripe down the face
Flexes the joints of the lower leg, prevents
fetlock from over extending and helps with
weight bearing.
long hair to shoo away flies and other insects
by beating
Stern
Knie
weiß bis zum Röhrbein
schmale Blesse
oberflächliche Beugesehne
Schweif
tendon
A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective
tissue that connects muscle to bone. Tendons
function primarily to facilitate movement. They Sehne
are similar to ligaments except that ligaments
join one bone to another.
toe
The front part of the septum of the hoof.
vertebrae
Vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the
individual bones that make up the vertebral
column. They consist of the vertebral body and Wirbel
the vertebral foramen.(cervical, thoracic and
lumbar vertebrae)
Page 121
Zehenwand
vertebral column
The vertebral column (also backbone or spine)
is an alignment of vertebrae situated in the
dorsal aspect of the abdomen. It houses the
spinal cord in its spinal canal.
vibrissae
Individual long hairs at the muzzle which
contain nerves; they help to distiguish between Tasthaare
edible food and toxic or inedible food.
white
Horses with unpigmented/pink skin. They have
dark eyes and are entirely white exept for
Schimmel
occasional small dark spots in the skin or hair.
width
Wirbelsäule
see cheek
Ganasche
The highest point of the shoulder seen best
with the horse standing square and the head
slightly lowered. The tops of the two shoulder
Widerrist
blades and the space between them define the
withers. Important point to measure the
height.
withers
Riding Lesson 1
Michelle Keller, Linda
Knauß, Janina Selig
General items
Allgemeine Begriffe
before and after the lesson
vor und nach der Stunde
advanced rider
a person with some riding experience
Fortgeschrittener
allocate the horses, to
to say which horse is ridden by which person
Pferde einteilen
beginner
bridle, to
group riding lesson
novice
person with little riding experience
to put the bridle on the horse's head
when several people are taught
see beginner
to groom, saddle and bridle the horse before
riding
to tell the horse/ rider she/ he was good
trainer
the horse with the student is held on a long
rope until he has enough knowledge to control
the horse by himself
to put the saddle on the horse's back
Anfänger
trensen
Gruppenreitstunde
Anfänger
a horse that you can lease for a lesson
Schulpferd
when only one person is taught
person with more riding experience
Einzelstunde
Fortgeschrittener
prepare the horse, to
reward
riding instructor
riding lesson on the longe
saddle, to
school master,
school/lesson horse
single riding lesson
skilled rider
Pferd fertigmachen
Belohnung
Reitlehrer/in
Longenstunde
satteln
stage of training
says how much riding experience a person has Ausbildungsstand
take off the bridle, to
unsaddle, to
to take the saddle off
abtrensen
absatteln
to change the length of the stirrups
to get off the horse
in der Stunde
Steigbügel verstellen
absitzen
gymnastic exercises on the horse at the longe
Sitzübungen
the rider who leads the section
from the horse's nose to his hindlegs
to make s.th. Longer
to get on the horse
Tetenreiter
eine Pferdelänge
länger schnallen
aufsitzen
during the lesson
adjust the stirrups, to
dismount, to
exercises to get a more
correct position
first rider
length
lengthen, to
mount, to
Page 122
nearside
offside
the left hand side of the horse
the right hand side of the horse
phase of suppling exercises
the beginning of the lesson, gives the horse the
Lösungsphase
possibility to prepare mentally for the lesson
the part after the phase of suppling exercises,
you work with the horse
to praise
to make s.th.shorter
phase of working
reward, to
shorten, to
slacken the girth, to
links
rechts
Arbeitsphase
loben
kürzer schnallen
Gurt lockern
stay away, to
be careful that the horses don't bite or kick
each other
Abstand halten
tighten the girth, to
to stabilize the saddle
nachgurten/Gurt anziehen
track
the path around the arena
Hufschlag
th end of the lesson, you give the horse the
trocken reiten
possibility to relax
the riders of one group have to stay in one line
aufmarschieren
between A-C or E-B
seat
Sitz
balance
when the rider sits in a harmonious and calm
way
Gleichgewicht
bumpy
when a part of the body moves uncontrolled
unruhig
centre of gravity
Schwerpunkt
the upperb ody is behind the vertical with
Stuhlsitz
drawn up knees
the rider holds on to the horse with his legs
klammern
cramped
to pull one part of the body up too high
hochgezogen
smooth
elastisch
to sit straight without being stiff
gestreckter Sitz
the weight is put too much on the upper legs
and the groin. Both seat bones are relieved
Spaltsitz
from weight and the lower legs are slipping
backwards.
sitting in a position that takes the weight out of
leichter Sitz
the saddle
chair seat
clinch, to
drawn up
elastic
elongated seat
fork seat
forward seat
go with the movements, to to fit into the movements of the horse
in die Bewegung eingehen
leichter Sitz
the saddle over the fence
entlastender Sitz
the saddle
opposite of supple
steif, starr
elastic, opposite of stiff
weich, elastisch
jumping seat
light seat
stiff
supple
upper part of the body
Oberkörper
to carry the head straight
not leaning the head forward, backward or to
one side
closed fists
to press your fingers together with not too
geschlossene Fäuste
much tension and against the heel of the hand
collapsed hip
covered fists
to drop the shoulders
hands put vertically
hollow back
lean backwards, to
lean forward, to
den Kopf aufrecht tragen
not sitting straight, falling to one side
eingeknickte Hüfte
when the fists are held horizontally
verdeckte Hände
to put the shoulders down, to relax the
Schultern fallenlassen
shoulders
when the thumb is on top of the fist
aufrechte Hände
the rider's back is not straight, it makes a light
Hohlkreuz
curve to the front
to put the upper body backwards
sich zurücklehnen
to put the upper body forward
sich vorbeugen
Page 123
look through the horse's
ears, to
seat bones
small of the back
spine
straighten, to
straighten the shoulders,
to
legs
ball of the foot
calf (of the leg)
low positioned knee put
flat against
lower leg
to elongate
durch die Pferdeohren
schauen
Gesäßknochen
Kreuz (Reiter)
Rückgrat
sich aufrichten
to put the shoulders back
Schultern zurücknehmen
direction where you are looking to
the bones of the buttocks
the lower part of the back
unit of tibia and fibula
Beine, Schenkel
Fußballen
Wade
tiefes, flach anliegendes
Knie
Unterschenkel
lowered heel
the correct position of the rear part of the feet
tiefer Absatz
point of the foot
upper leg
toes
thigh, lat. femur
Fußspitzen
Oberschenkel
part of the foot in the front
rear part of the lower leg
the correct position of the knees
ask to, to
guarding
influence, to
supporting
take vigorious action
Signals by which the rider communicates his
wishes to the horse.
Signals by which the rider communicates his
wishes to the horse.
to prompt, to invite
kind of aids to restrict the horse
to act on the horse
kind of aids to retrict the horse
synonym for forceful
leg aids
the rider gives signals to the horse with his legs Schenkelhilfen
on/behind/in front of the
girth
feasible positions of the leg
Aids
cues
drive forward, to
drive sideways, to
pressure of the leg
simultaneous action of
both legs
weight aids
brace the spine, to
one-sided
relieving
weight down on, to
rein aids
full halt
the rider communicates with the horse through
his legs at the girth; the horse should go
forward
the rider tells the horse with his legs at/behind
the girth to go to the side
the legs are close to the horse's body and give
a stronger impulse
the rider drives in the rhythm of movement
with both legs at the same time
the rider drives in the rhythm of movement
wtith one leg after the other
the rider gives signals to the horse with his
weight
the rider strains the abdominal muscule and
the lower muscules of the back for a short
moment; the horse is invited to step under its
centre of grativity
unilateral; the rider shifts his weight to one
seat bone because of that the horse turns off to
hold the balance
the opposite of weighting down; there's less
contact to the saddle; the weight is taken out
of the saddle
the opposite of relieving; there's contact to the
saddle; the weight is on one or on both seat
bones
the rider gives signals to the horse with the
reins
is used to tell the horse that is has to stop.
Page 124
Hilfen
Hilfen
auffordern
verwahrend
einwirken
verwahrend
energisch
am/hinter/vor dem Gurt
vorwärtstreiben
seitwärtstreiben
Schenkeldruck
beidseitiges treiben
wechselseitiges treiben
Gewichtshilfen
Kreuz anspannen
einseitig
entlastend
belasten
Zügelhilfen
ganze Parade
give the reins, to
the rider opens his fist or goes with his hand up
Zügel nachgeben
to the horse's mouth
give the reins completely,
to
there's no contact between hands and horse's
mouth; the reins are taken at their ends
half halt
never pull on the reins
shorten the reins, to
take the reins, to
take up the reins, to
movements
allow to stretch
completely, to
beat
bend
canter
canter, to
check, to
collected …
contact
counter canter
an exercise, basically a "pay attention, please"
used to communicate to the horse that the
rider is about to ask for some change of
direction or gait, or other exercise or
movement.
it's a mistake of most riders to use only rein
aids; thereby they forget the leg and the
weight aids, which are very important
to correct the length of the reins
the rider closes the hand more than normal or
turns the wrist
to establish a contact between rider's hand and
horse's mouth
the rider opens his fists and allows the horse to
take the reins for stretching
movements of the feet in trot
the head and body of the horse are in a specific
position
three beated gait of the horse in which one
hindleg strides first (the leading leg), followed
by the opposite diagonal pair and finally the
opposite foreleg. In western riding it is called
lope
the horse moves in the three beated gait in
which one hindleg strides first (the leading
leg), followed by the opposite diagonal pair and
finally the opposite foreleg. In western riding it
is called lope
changing into a lower gait or stopping
Where the rider, by means of carefully
balanced driving and restraining aids, causes
the horse's frame to become compacted and
the horse to become light and supple in the
hand. The baseline is shortened, the croup is
lower, the shoulder is raised and the head is
held on the vertical
steady connection between rider's hand and
horse's mouth
the opposite of the true canter
Zügel hingeben
halbe Parade
nie am Zügel ziehen
Zügel nachfassen
Zügel annehmen
Zügel aufnehmen
Lektionen, Bewegungen
Zügel aus der Hand kauen
lassen
Tritt
Stellung, Biegung
Galopp
galoppieren
durchparieren
versammelter …
Anlehnung
Außengalopp
disunited canter
the forehand canters on off fore and the
hindhand canters on near fore and otherwise
extended …
longer strides and thus more speed in one gait starker …
flexion
hurried
leg yielding
lengthen, to
medium …
move-off
on the right/wrong
lead/leg
the head and body of the horse are in a specific
position
the horse gets more and more speed
an exercise which lets the horse react to the
rider' s leg
the extension of the pace is the lengthening of
the frame and stride
a specific stride length of each gait
to start the motion in ...
to sit down on the saddle at the right or wrong
time
Page 125
Kreuzgalopp
Stellung, Biegung
übereilt
Schenkelweichen
zulegen, verlängern
Mittel…
anreiten im…
auf dem richtigen/falschen
Fuß
posting trot (AE)
rein back, to
rising trot (BE)
shorten, to
shoulder in
sitting trot
step
stride
stride off on off fore/near
fore, to
transition
the action of the rider rising from the saddle in
leicht traben
rhythm with the horse in the trot
like walk but backwards
rückwärtsrichten
the action of the rider rising from the saddle in
leicht traben
rhythm with the horse in the trot
to make the distance covered in one step
verkürzen, aufnehmen
shorter
Schulterherein
the rider remains seated in the saddle while
aussitzen
trotting
movements of the feet in walk
Schritt
movements of the feet in gallop
Galoppsprung
to start the motion of canter on off fore or on
angaloppieren rechts/links
near fore
Übergang zwischen den
to change between the gaits
Gangarten
trot
a two beated gait; one of the three basic gaits Trab
true canter
to start the canter on that hand on which you
are in that moment
walk
a four beated gait; one of the three basic gaits Schritt
working …
a specific kind of gait
to start the trot
school figures
bent line
B-X-E (E-X-B) without
change of rein
to use just one half of the arena
there are some figures to change the direction,
to come from anticlockwise to a clockwise
move
change of rein from circle it's like a large S-curve to get from one circle
to circle
to the other
change of rein on a short
it's the line between one corner and the middle
diagonal
of the opposite long side
change of rein through the it's a small S-curve which devides the circle
circle
into two halves
it's the line between one corner and the corner
diagonal change of rein
on the opposite side at the other end of the
arena
to go around the whole arena in one direction
to go on circle
half circle 6/8/10m
diameter
meet the corners, to
on the centreline
with/without change of
rein
Arbeits…
antraben
correct school figures are ridden with the aid of
Hufschlagfiguren
points along the arena marked by different
letters
riding along a curve
gebogene Linie
change of rein
to go large
Handgalopp
this is the form of a ring which uses the whole
breadth of the riding arena
this is the form of a small ring with can be
ridden in different sizes
the corners should be ridden like a quarter
circle of 6, 8 or 10m
halbe Bahn
Handwechsel
aus dem Zirkel wechseln
durch die halbe Bahn
wechseln
durch den Zirkel wechseln
durch die ganze Bahn
wechseln
ganze Bahn
auf dem Zirkel geritten
Volte 6/8/10m
Durchmesser
Ecken ausreiten
it's a straight line from the middle of one short durch die Länge der Bahn
side to the other
wechseln/geritten
it's a curve on which you leave the path on the
long side once or twice and reach it again
before the next corner
serpentine … loops, each
crossing the centre line in a right angle for
loop touch the long side of different times alternately from the right and
the arena
the left
serpentine divided into
the loops should all have the same size
equal loops
one/two loop(s) on the
long side
Page 126
einfache/doppelte
Schlangenlinie an der
langen Seite
Schlangenlinie durch die
Bahn mit … Bogen
gleichmäßige Einteilung
der Schlangenlinie
smooth change of flexion
and bend from circle to
circle
this is the form of a small ring with can be
ridden in different sizes
volte
weiches Umstellen und
Umbiegen beim Wechsel
zwischen zwei gebogenen
Linien
Volte
Riding Lesson 2
Julia Tautz, Karen
Asmera, Peter Lehmann
a preparatory remark to indicate that next
there is going to be a command which will
change the direction the ride is going. E.g.
change the rein from C to A would mean
everyone going down the long centre line of
the arena and at A would be going in the
opposite direction to that at C.
riders go into walk in single file around the
outside of the arena with a horse's length
between each. Usually the instructor will set
the order of horses and nominate some one to
take the lead (at the front).
what ever the next instruction is, everyone
should do it
work on the outermost track of the arena. E.g.
if you were on a circle at A a 'go large at A'
command would mean stopping going the circle
and rejoining the outer track when you next
pass A.
‘change the rein’
‘form a ride’
‘the whole ride’
‚go large’
‚long rein’
according to direction of
movements
action of one leg only
active leg
animate, to
anticipating the aid
arched neck
arena
arena figures
ball of the foot
be out of training, to
beginner
bend of the body (ribs)
bent horse
Reitkommando:
‚Handwechsel’
Reitkommando: ‘Abteilung
bilden’
Reitkommando:
‘Abteilung…’
Reitkommando: ‚ganze
Bahn’
Reitkommando: ‚die Zügelallowing the horse to stretch his neck by letting
aus- der- Hand- kauenthe reins out from their normal riding length.
lassen’
term used when doing lateral work; relates to
the horse’s flexion which should be into the
in Richtung der Bewegung
direction the horse moves during half pass, for
example
only one leg produces pressure; e.g. needed in
einseitiger Schenkeldruck
lateral work
the rider is giving aids with his legs; opposite= aktiver Schenkel (des
passive leg
Reiters)
to motivate the horse to move faster
treiben
when the horse reacts before the rider actually
der Hilfe (des Reiters)
gave his aids; often happens when the horse is
zuvorkommen
overeager
im Hals gebogen
an indoor place for riding
Reitbahn
figures you can ride to relax the horse and to
Bahnfiguren
get it between legs and hands.
part of the body behind the toes.
Fußballen
if you didn´t ride for a while, you need time to
aus der Übung sein
get used to it again.
a person who hasn’t got much experience and
Anfänger
knowledge and experience with and about
horses; also low riding skills, novice
when the horse is not just flexed in the neck
Biegung in der Rippe
but also in the middle
when both the neck and body /ribs are flexed;
the bending has to be up to the curving of the
track opposite: straightened horse
Page 127
gebogenes Pferd
between legs and hands
bit, to
blurred transition
bolt, to
bridle, to
buckle, to
when the rider is able to control his horse’s
outline and performance by his aids, which the
horse understands
means putting the bridle onto the horse’s head
also see: bridle, to
happens when the transition does not work out
well and the horse just changes the gait
sloppily.
when the rider has lost control over his horse’s
speed; the horse starts to gallop very fast; also
see: run away, to
means putting the bridle onto the horse’s head,
also see: bit, to
how to hook in something. (e.g. the bridle)
an den Hilfen
aufzäumen
verwischter Übergang
durchgehen
aufzäumen
verschnallen (die Trense)
canter at the counterlead,
to
an arena figure where you just walk half of the
halbe Bahn
long side and turn to the other side without
changing rein.
canter to the left on the right lead and vice
im Außengalopp
versa.
galoppieren
canter at true- lead, to
canter to the left on the left rein and vice versa im Handgalopp galoppieren
canter true lead
q.v. canter at true-lead, to
B-X-E (E-X-B) without
change of rein
the horse is moving on a 3 beat gait with a
moment of suspension. There is a left and a
right hand canter.
the rider is sitting too far behind with his back
chair seat
and lifting the thighs.
you can change the direction in several
change direction, to
different ways. For example: change out of the
corner
change hand on the middle Walking straight from A to C or the other way
line, to
around and change on the other hand
canter, to
Handgalopp (Innengalopp)
galoppieren
Stuhlsitz
Handwechsel
durch die Länge der Bahn
wechseln
change hand through the
middle of the school, to
walking from E to B (or the other way around)
and changing the direction
durch die halbe Bahn
wechseln
change hand, to
changing the direction
changing the canter from left to right or the
other way around
changing the circle over the centre line and
walking in the other direction
you change the direction on a short diagonal,
for example from F to E
changing the direction like an S forming in the
circle. Beginning from the open side of the
circle.
changing the gait for example from walk to trot
or walk to canter
changing the direction
q.v. side rein
Handwechsel
change of leg
change of rein from circle
to circle
change of rein on a short
diagonal
change of the hand
through / in the circle, to
change the gait, to
change the rein, to
check- rein
circle (20m)
the rider presses his legs on the horse's body
and cannot let up the legs. It´s mostly the
result of a stiff hip and an unbalanced seat.
clinching leg
cold
collapsed hips
coordination of the aids,
the
the horse is very lazy
the seat is not straightend but the pelvis is
more on one side and the upper part of the
body is more to the other side.
the aids have to fit in together
Page 128
Galoppwechsel
aus dem Zirkel wechseln
Halbe Diagonale Wechseln
durch den Zirkel wechseln
die Gangart wechseln
Handwechsel
Ausbindezügel
Zirkel (20m)
klammernder Schenkel
faul
eingeknickte Hüfte
Zusammenwirken der
Hilfen
part of the arena; should be exactly ridden
when going large; a corner is ridden like a
quarter-volt
the horse moves in every gait in a special
sequence of footfalls. And this has to be
correct.
the horse is flexed in the different directions it
moves.
left canter on the right hand and right canter
on the left hand
when riders pass head to head; the rule is 'left
shoulder to left shoulder'
when the hindquarters don’t follow the forelegs
a horse is crooked
corner
correct sequence of
footfalls
counter - flexion
counter- canter
crossing
crooked horse
deviate from the
(prescribed) line, to
the rider leaves the track after the corner (at
the beginning of a long side) and rides across
diagonal change of hand
the arena towards the opposed corner; also
see: diagonal change of rein
the rider leaves the track after the corner (at
the beginning of a long side) and rides across
diagonal change of rein, to
the arena towards the opposite corner; also
see: diagonal change of hand
die Ecke
korrekte Fußfolge
Konterstellung
Außengalopp
das Entgegenreiten
das schiefe Pferd
von der
(vorgeschriebenen) Linie
abkommen
wechseln
wechseln
moving down from the horse’s back after riding
absitzen
(in this case the rider moves down willingly)
dismount, to
dismount, to
to get off of the horse.
absteigen
there’s a visible change from one pace to
another; also within a pace: a visible transition
deutlicher Übergang
from extended trot to collected trot for
example
distinct transition
transition from a faster gait to a slower one;
Übergang (in langsamere
for example, a transition from a canter to a trot Gangart)
downward transition
draw up the knee, to
draw up the shoulder, to
drawn up heel
dressage seat
das Knie hochziehen
die Schulter hochziehen
hochgezogener Absatz
Dressursitz
drop the shoulder, to
die Schulter fallen lassen
drop the stirrup, to
equestrian conduct
escaping hindquarters
even bend and flexion
false canter
figure of eight
flapping leg
flexion to the inside
flexion to the outside
to pull the feet out of the stirrups
Bügel loslassen
how you can control your horse
die Einwirkung
the hindleg is drifting away from the requested
ausweichende Hinterhand
line.
gleichmäßige Biegung und
Stellung
Außengalopp
half small circle to the center line, then a
complete small circle back to the center line,
Einen 8er reiten.
ending with a half small circle back to the initial
point
the leg is not laid on the horse evenly but has
flatternder Schenkel
an irregular contact to the horse.
the horse's head and neck are bent to the
Innenstellung
inside.
the horse's head and neck are bent to the
Außenstellung
outside.
fluent transitions
the transitions are not stagnant or irregular.
flüssige Übergänge
flying change
the horse switches canter leads in the air, in
one stride; changing leads during the canter
without trotting
fliegender Galoppwechsel
Page 129
fork seat
the rider is sitting too much on his thigh and
not enough on his fundament. So he has no
good contact
gadgets
auxiliary equipment; any piece of equipment
strapped to the horse, except a normal saddle Zubehör (Hilfszügel etc.,
and bridle with a regular snaffle bit, or a double die Pferd beeinflussen)
bridle with a normal curb and a bridoon
get left behind, to
q.v. Sit too far back, to
give and retake (the reins)
to move the reins forward a bit
good and easy seat
the rider has a well balanced and elastic seat
guarding
half circle
change out of the corner
half circle
half- volt
change out of the corner
a small half circle
the transition to halt is not distinct but
hesitant.
to slow down the horse till it stops
halt, to
heels down
hesitating transition
the transition is not fluent but gradual.
hindlegs and frontlegs
continue on one track
hindquarters leaving the
curve of the circle
holding of the reins
hollow (=concave) side
horse slows down on the
forehand
in hand
in straight position
inactive leg
incline the weight, to
indoor arena
inner rein
inner track
inside
inwards einclined elbows
jag of reins
kicking board
leading file
left hand course
how to hold the reins; there exist different
kinds of holding the reins
the knee is not rested against the saddle. You
can look through the knee and the saddle
hollow knee
Hinter der Bewegung
Überstreichen
give the reins, to
give the reins, to
go for a canter
halt too gradual
Spaltsitz
die Zügel locker lassen
nachgeben
ausreiten
Weicher, geschmeidiger
Sitz
verwahrend
Kehrtvolte (Germany),
Umkehrt wechseln (Aut)
Umkehrt wechseln (Aut)
halbe Volte
Parade zum Halten
auslaufend
halten
Fersen tief
zögernder Übergang
Hinterhand und Vorhand
bleiben auf einem
Hufschlag
die Hinterhand weicht von
der Zirkellinie ab
Zügelhaltung
hohle Seite
hohles, offenes Knie
the horse slows down with his forehand and not das Pferd bremst auf der
with his hindquarters
Vorhand
am Zügel
gerade (aus)gerichtet
q.v. passive leg
passiver Schenkel
the rider changes his center of gravity
Gewicht verlagern
a large area indoors (with a roof) where horses
Reithalle (überdacht)
can be ridden or exercised
the rein next to the center line
innerer Zügel
moving parallel to the outermost track but
closer to the centre to allow other riders to
zweiter Hufschlag
pass between you and the edge of the arena;
riders working at slower paces should be on the
inside track
the side next to the center line
innen
the rider's elbows rest against his body.
eng anliegende Ellbogen
harter Zügelanzug
the wall in the arena
Bande
the rider at the front of the ride
Teten-Reiter
walk in the arena so the rider's left hand is
inside and the right hand is closer to the wall
linke Hand
leg positioned back
zurückliegender Schenkel
lengthen the reins
das Zügelmaß verlängern
Page 130
light hand
the rider uses a soft hand
Weiche Hand
the upper part of the body is bent forward a bit
and the rider is not sitting in the saddle with
his whole weight. So it´s especially important
Entlastungssitz
for young horses or at the beginning of the
lesson not to put too much weight on the
horse's back.
light seat
link of knee to the saddle
the knees have close contact to the saddle.
Knieschluss
long centre line
low school
lowered heel
the line between C and A
dressage riding
Mittellinie
Dressurreiten
tiefer Absatz
a lesson where the rider´s horse is on the
lunge. Especially for beginners or seat
correction.
lunge lesson
markers
Longestunde
Bahnpunkte
novice
item of equipment which consists of a strap
which buckles around the horses neck, and
another strap which attaches to the girth at
one end, passes through the neckstrap and
attaches the reins at the other end; used to
prevent a horse from raising his head above
the level of the rider's hand.
to get on the horse.
refers to the left side of the horse; it is called
the "near side" because of old traditions, where
the horse was always handled and mounted
from the left side.
q.v. beginner
off side
the right side of horse and rider whilst riding
rechte Seite
on the aids
on the bit
on the centreline with
change of rein
one length
the horse accepts all your aids.
an den Hilfen
am Zügel
durch die Länge der Bahn
wechseln
eine Pferdelänge
martingale
mount, to
near side
one loop on the long side
one-sided obliqueness
an arena figure. You walk from A to C (or C to
A) and change the direction
Martingal (Hilfszügel)
aufsitzen
linke Seite des Pferdes
Anfänger
an arena figure. You leave the track after the
second corner from the short side, make a
einfache Schlangenlinie
serpentine and return to the track at the end of
the long side.
every horse has one side more stiff than the
einseitige Steifheit
other
(“schlechte Seite”)
working individually and not in ride order.
Needs awareness of where everyone else is to
frei reiten (ohne Abteilung
avoid collisions. It's easier if everyone stays on
/ Reihenfolge)
the same rein. If you need to pass head to
head the rule is 'left shoulder to left shoulder'.
open order
outdoor arena
outer rein
an arena without a roof.
the rein closer to the wall.
your elbows are not in the correct position but
extended from the body.
Reitplatz (ohne Dach)
äußerer Zügel
pull up, to
passiver Schenkel
q.v. markers
Bahnpunkte
to rise out of the saddle when the outside
foreleg moves forward, and sit down in the
leichttraben
saddle when the inside foreleg moves forward;
also see: rising trot
halten
punish, to
to tell the horse that it did something wrong
strafen
rake, to
the horse tries to pull away the reins
gegen die Hand stoßen,
gegen den Zügel pullen
outwards inclined elbows
passive leg
points of the arena
posting trot
Page 131
abstehende Ellbogen
rear file
rein back, the
rein pressed against the
horse’s neck
release of the reins
reward, to
ride bare-backed, to
ride behind, to
just the rider at the rear of the ride
the horse moves backwards
am Hals anliegender Zügel
you give the horse a completely loose rein;
long and low
tell the horse that it did something right.
riding without a saddle
the rider follows another horse
ride on a bent line, to
ride order
ride out
ride out on horse, to
ride, the
riding instructor
riding out
right hand course
shorten the reins, to
shorten, to
side- rein
am langen Zügel
belohnen
Ohne Sattel reiten
hinterherreiten
auf gebogener Linie reiten
the order of horses that the instructor sets at
the start of the lesson
to ride in open country
riding in open country
when riding in a certain order one after another
opposite: open order
somebody who gives riding lessons
q.v. ride out; hack
Reihenfolge (in der
Abteilung)
Ausritt
ausreiten
die Abteilung
Reitlehrer
Ausritt
when the right hand of the rider is towards the
centre of the arena and the left hand shows to rechte Hand reiten
the edge, the rider rides on right hand course
to rise out of the saddle when the outside
foreleg moves forward, and sits down in the
rising trot
saddle when the inside foreleg moves forward;
also see: posting trot
a gadget; goes from the girth area through the
rubberband neck extender
bit rings to the poll;
when the rider has lost control over his horse’s
run away, to
speed; the horse starts to gallop very fast; also
see: bolt, to
school figures
q.v. arena figures
serpentines begin at C (A) and end at A (C);
you don’t ride into the corners but more on the
serpentine … loops, each
circle- line before leaving the track and riding
loop to touch the long side
towards the other side of the wall (= first
of the arena
loop); when crossing the centreline you have to
change rising trot
serpentine divided into
the rider should be aware that every loop has
equal loops
got the same size and form
serpentines
Rückwärtsrichten
schooling exercise in which the horse travels
around the arena in a series of equal-sized
loops, shaped like an S . Serpentines can be
done in any pace and increase suppleness and
control in horse and rider
means to take the reins shorter in order to
achieve better contact
sometimes necessary when you are in a ride
and you are far away from the others; when
going large, you can shorten by not riding the
corners as exactly as you should
leichttraben
Halsverlängerer (aus
Gummi)
durchgehen
die Hufschlagfiguren
Schlangenlinien durch die
Bahn, … Bogen
gleichmäßige Einteilung
der Schlangenlinie
Schlangenlinien
die Zügel nachfassen
abkürzen
training reins which attach to the girth, saddle
ring or surcingle at one end and to the bit at
the other end. Side reins are used to help
Ausbindezügel
position the horse's head, or to prevent a horse
from grazing while riding
you change canter lead by first doing a direct
einfacher Galoppwechsel
transition and then striking off in the other
counter lead
simultaneous action of the pressure is produced equally by both legs; used beidseitige
legs
to drive the horse forward
Schenkelwirkung
simple change of leg
Page 132
sit too far back, to
sit too far forward, to
The rider in not in the right movement with the
Hinter der Bewegung
horse
The rider moves before the horse
Vor der Bewegung
sitting trot
while trotting, the rider remains in the saddle
at every single step; opposite: rising trot
skilled rider
rider who already is advanced in riding and
der geschulte /
more experienced in equitation than beginners fortgeschrittene Reiter
stop, to
mostly done after dismounting; very gentle for
the horse, because you take a lot of pressure
off the belly
when the reins are too long and no contact can
be established (faulty)
the wall which is at the edge of the arena;
serves as margin for the arena
q.v. Volte
q.v. Volte
when the rider doesn’t fall forward during the
transition but feels like getting stronger
/deeper into the saddle, it has been a good and
smooth transition
means to minimise the circle more and more
until it’s almost a volte (or even a large
pirouette) opposite: spiral out
means to enlarge the circle- line more and
more (mostly done after spiral in) opposite:
spiral in
to move the reins with the fingers carefully;
also called sponging
it’s an upward transition from walk to trot; the
rider has to give forwards driving leg aids for
starting to trot
the horse stands still
straddled leg
your leg is not pointing to the horse's body.
slacken the girth, to
slacking rein
sloping wall
Small circle
Small circle
smooth transition
spiral in
spiral out
squeeze the reins, to
start at a trot, to
straighten the shoulder
straighten, to
straightened horse
strike off at canter, to
strike off from the halt, to
strike off on near fore, to
subtle transition
swaying hindquarters
swaying movements
take a wide turn, to
take the bridle off, to
schlackernder Zügel
(fehlerhaft)
Bande
Volte (German)
Kleine Tour (Aut)
weicher Übergang
Zirkel verkleinern
Zirkel vergrößern
Am Zügel spielen
antraben
halten
weggestreckter Schenkel
to lenghten your back
sich aufrichten
a horse is straightened when the hindlegs point
directly towards the forelegs without any
gerade gerichtetes Pferd
crookedness in the horse's body opposite: bent
horse / crooked horse
to change the gait to canter
angaloppieren
aus dem Halten
start to canter from the halt.
angaloppieren
im Handgalopp
strike off at the right hand canter
angaloppieren
especially done before competitions; means to
do the suppling phase and certain exercises in
order to prepare the horse for the following
competition
the aid is easily connected and gives no
impulsion
supporting
den Sattelgurt lockern
die Schulter zurücknehmen
a soft and fluent transition
supple, to
aussitzen
q.v. Escaping hind quarters
the horse doesn´t go straight. It´s not
balanced.
make a really big turn
means to remove the bridle from the horse’s
head after riding
Page 133
geschmeidiger Übergang
abreiten
verwahrend
ausweichende Hinterhand
schwankende Bewegungen
im weiten Bogen wenden
abzäumen
the aids to start a canter
means to shorten the reins in order to get
contact between your hands and the horse’s
mouth
to shorten the reins
aids to strike off at canter
die Zügel aufnehmen
Zügel aufnehmen
Galopphilfen
throw the rider, to
when the rider dismounts unwillingly; mostly
den Reiter abwerfen
because the horse is bucking, rearing or shying
throw the rider, to
happens when the rider doesn’t smoothly join
the rhythm or when the horse has got a very
uncomfortable trot
aus dem Sattel heben
tilted in the poll
when the horse carries his head askew; while
riding, you realise it when one ear of your
horse is getting lower than the other ear
im Genick verworfen
the rider produces too much pressure with his
hand
in this case, the whip isn’t meant as a
punishment, but rather as a motivation for
touch up with the whip, to
rating speed or for a better activity of the
hindquarters for example
too havy hand
track
training
transition not noticable
transition with irregular
steps in between
transitions within the/a
gait
two loops on the long side
upward transition
volte
volte
well-schooled horse
work in hand
work in the saddle
work on two tracks
mit der Gerte berühren
describes the line on which the horse is
travelling the outermost track is at the edge of
Hufschlag
the arena, the inner track is parallel but more
to the centre of the arena
track
unsaddle, to
Zu harte hand
when you are walking close to the wall you are
Hufschlag
on the first track
to teach the horse
Ausbildung
nicht erkennbarer
Übergang
Übergang mit unklaren
Zwischenschritten
Just change the pace within walk, trot or
(Tempi-) Übergänge in
canter. For example from working trot to
einer Gangart
collected trot.
school figure; you leave the track at K (H, M or
F) and ride a loop towards E (B); at E (B) you
doppelte Schlangenlinie
immediately leave again and add a second loop
to H (K, F, M)
means to take the saddle off the horse’s back
absatteln
after riding
transition from a slower gait to a faster one;
Übergang (in schnellere
for example, a transition from a trot to a canter Gangart)
a 10, 8 or 6 m circle
(but also possible at
arena)
a 10, 8 or 6 m circle
(but also possible at
arena)
mostly ridden at B or E
any other point of the
Volte (German)
mostly ridden at B or E
any other point of the
Kleine Tour (Aut)
the horse is used to being ridden and has
das gerittene Pferd
already learned how to react to the rider’s aids
the rider does not sit on the horse but is
working with it from the ground opposite:
work in the saddle
the rider is sitting on the horse while working
with it opposite: work in hand
forelegs and hindquarters don’t foot in a
straight line / on the same track when you
exercise lateral movements for example (like
shoulder in; half pass etc.)
Page 134
Handarbeit
Arbeit unter dem Reiter
Arbeit auf zwei
Hufschlägen

Breeding, Reproduction and Foaling 1

Transcription

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