1.1 Society Name and Number ............................................................................................. page 3
Transcription
1.1 Society Name and Number ............................................................................................. page 3
Calgary Girls’ School Society Board Bylaws Table of Contents ARTICLE 1 – PREAMBLE ..................................................................................................... page 3 1.1 Society Name and Number ............................................................................................. page 3 1.2 Calgary Girls’ School Society......................................................................................... page 3 ARTICLE 2 – DEFINING AND INTERPRETING THE BY-LAWS ................................. page 3 2.1 Definitions ....................................................................................................................... page 3 2.2 Interpretation of the By-laws .......................................................................................... page 4 2.3 Amending By-laws ......................................................................................................... page 5 ARTICLE 3 –HEAD OFFICE ................................................................................................. page 5 ARTICLE 4 – MEMBERSHIP ................................................................................................ page 5 4.1 Membership .................................................................................................................... page 5 4.2 Voting and Non-Voting Members .................................................................................. page 5 4.3 Voting Privileges ............................................................................................................. page 6 4.4 Membership Fee .............................................................................................................. page 6 4.5 Membership Expulsion .................................................................................................. page 6 ARTICLE 5 –REGULAR, SPECIAL AND ANNUAL MEETINGS ................................... page 6 5.1 Regular Board Meetings ................................................................................................. page 6 5.2 Special Meetings ............................................................................................................. page 7 5.3 Annual General Meetings ............................................................................................... page 7 ARTICLE 6 – GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE ..................................................................... page 8 6.1 Composition of Board of Directors ................................................................................. page 8 6.2 Election of Board of Directors ........................................................................................ page 8 6.3 Termination of Directors ................................................................................................. page 9 6.4 Resignation of Directors ................................................................................................. page 9 6.5 Remuneration of Directors .............................................................................................. page 9 6.6 Engagement of Contractors by the Board of Directors ................................................... page 9 6.7 Powers and Accountabilities of the Directors ................................................................. page 10 ARTICLE 7 –OFFICERS OF THE BOARD ......................................................................... page 10 7.1 Officers of the Board ....................................................................................................... page 10 7.2 Chair ................................................................................................................................ page 11 7.3 Co-Chairs ........................................................................................................................ page 11 7.4 Vice-Chair ....................................................................................................................... page 11 7.5 Secretary.......................................................................................................................... page 12 7.6 Treasurer ......................................................................................................................... page 12 7.7 Directors ......................................................................................................................... page 12 7.8 Committees ..................................................................................................................... page 12 ARTICLE 8 – EMPLOYEES ................................................................................................. page 13 8.1 Superintendent................................................................................................................. page 13 8.2 Secretary-Treasurer ......................................................................................................... page 13 ARTICLE 9 –EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS ................................................................... page 14 9.1 Execution of Documents ................................................................................................. page 14 9.2 Cheques in Excess of $15,000 ........................................................................................ page 14 9.3 Delegation of Authority .................................................................................................. page 14 ARTICLE 10 – INSPECTION OF DOCUMENTS ............................................................... page 14 1 ARTICLE 11 – FINANCES ..................................................................................................... page 14 11.1 Fiscal Year ...................................................................................................................... page 14 11.2 Auditor ............................................................................................................................ page 14 11.3 Books and Records .......................................................................................................... page 15 11.4 Borrowing ....................................................................................................................... page 15 ARTICLE 12 – ADMINISTRATION IN THE ABSENCE OF POLICY ........................... page 15 12.1 Powers of Principal ......................................................................................................... page 15 12.2 Board Review .................................................................................................................. page 15 ARTICLE 13 – NOTICES ....................................................................................................... page 16 2 ARTICLE 1 - PREAMBLE 1.1 Society Name and Number: the Society name is the Calgary Girls’ School Society incorporated under the Societies Act, RSA 2000, Chap. S-14 and the Corporate Access Number is 509979464. 1.2 Calgary Girls’ School Society was incorporated on July 8, 2002. The purpose of the Society is solely to oversee and set policy for the operation of the Calgary Girls’ Charter School. ARTICLE 2 - DEFINING AND INTERPRETING THE BYLAWS 2.1 Definitions: In these Bylaws, the following words have these meanings: “AGM” means an annual general meeting of the Members of the Association, which is first described in section 5.3. “Board” means Calgary Girls’ School Society Board of Directors. “By-laws” mean the by-laws of the Calgary Girls’ School Society, which are contained in this document. “Charter” means a charter approved by the Minister of Education under section 34 of the School Act. “Director” means an individual elected by the Members or appointed by other Directors to hold office as a Director of the Society. “Member” means an individual who accepts that mandate and objectives of the Society, all as more specifically described in Article 4 – Membership. “Ordinary Resolution” means a resolution passed by a majority of the votes cast by the Members, Directors or Committee Members, as the case may be, who voted in respect of that resolution. “Parent” means the parent or guardian of students attending Calgary Girls’ School. “Regulation” means the Charter Schools Regulation, AR 212/2002. “Relative or Family Member” means husband, wife, common–law spouse, son, daughter, parents, grandparent, grandchild, brother, sister, brother in-law, sister inlaw, parent in-law, daughter in-law, son in-law, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, step son, step daughter, step brother, step sister, and step parent. “School” means the Calgary Girls’ School. 3 “School Act” means the School Act, R.S.A.2000 c. S-3 as amended or replaced from time to time. “School Community” means parents, members of the School staff, programs and entities that have, in the opinion of the majority of the School Board of Directors, an interest in and a role to fulfill with respect to the School. “Society” means the Calgary Girls’ School Society. “Special Resolution” means (i) a resolution passed (A) at a general meeting of which not less than 21 days' notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution has been duly given, and (B) by the vote of not less than 75% of those members who, if entitled to do so, vote in person, (ii) a resolution proposed and passed as a special resolution at a general meeting of which less than 21 days' notice has been given, if all the members entitled to attend and vote at the general meeting so agree, or (iii) a resolution consented to in writing by all the members who would have been entitled at a general meeting to vote on the resolution in person or, where proxies are permitted, by proxy. ”Staff” means all full and part-time employees of the School. “Student” means any individual officially enrolled as a student in the School. 2.2 Interpretation of the By-laws In these By-laws and in all other By-laws of the Society hereafter passed, unless the context otherwise requires, words importing the singular number or the masculine gender shall include the plural number or the feminine gender as the case may be, and vice versa, and references to persons shall include firms and corporations. 4 2.3 Amending the By-laws: a) Portions of these By-laws may be amended, revised or deleted through Special Resolution at any regular meeting, special meeting, or annual meeting of the Society following approval by the Minister of Learning in accordance with Section 4 of the Regulations. b) The amended By-laws take effect after approval by Special Resolution at the meeting in which the resolution to amend the By-laws was passed, and upon acceptance by the Registrar. c) Every motion to amend a By-law shall have three (3) distinct separate readings before the By-law is finally passed. d) Not more than two (2) readings of a By-law shall be given at any one meeting unless the Directors present at the meeting unanimously agree to give the Bylaw a third reading. e) The first reading of a By-law shall be in full and, if each Director has in his possession a written or printed copy of the By-law, the second and third readings may be by title and description only. ARTICLE 3 - HEAD OFFICE The Head Office of the Society shall be at the School’s Lakeview location, in the City of Calgary in the Province of Alberta. ARTICLE 4 - MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY 4.1 Membership to the Association is open to individuals or groups of individuals who accept the mandate and objectives of the Society, and belong to one of the groups enumerated in article 4.2. 4.2 Members include: a) parents or legal guardians of students registered in the School, b) Staff; and c) Directors. 4.3 Each Member of the Society has equal voting privileges of one vote per Society member. There shall be a maximum of one (1) Society Member per family (parents or guardians). 4.4 There may be a membership fee as directed by the Board. 5 4.5 Any Member of the Society may be expelled from the Society for any reason which is deemed to be prejudicial to the best interests of the Society by a 75% vote of the Board. Prior to the vote being taken, the person proposed for expulsion shall be given fourteen (14) days’ notice in writing of the proposed expulsion and shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to explain or justify his or her position to the Board at a meeting called for such purpose. ARTICLE 5 - REGULAR, SPECIAL, AND ANNUAL MEETINGS 5.1 Regular Board Meetings a) The Board may hold as many meetings as it considers necessary to deal adequately with its business. b) The resolution of the Board establishing the regular meetings of the Board shall state the date, time and place of the regular meetings. This resolution will be made at the first Board meeting of the new school year. c) The Superintendent and Secretary-Treasurer must attend and the Principal may be in attendance at all Board meetings unless they are unavailable and have made provisions for such. d) The Board shall make rules governing its internal procedure and its meetings subject to Section 12 of the Regulation. e) A majority of the total number of the Board members, whether in person, by proxy, or by telephone, shall constitute a quorum for regular meetings. f) No act or proceeding of the Board is binding unless it is adopted at a meeting at which a quorum of the Board is present. g) Meetings by telephone are permitted as long as everyone can clearly hear each other and all Directors consent to holding the meeting. h) Telephone or proxy voting via e-mail is acceptable in any case. i) All members present at a meeting of the Board of Directors shall have a single vote on each motion presented before them. In the event of a tie, the motion shall be deemed lost. j) At all regular Board meetings, every question will be determined by an Ordinary Resolution by show of hands, unless the Directors present resolve that a particular vote will be by roll call or a secret ballot. k) All meetings of the members shall be held at the head office of the Society, or any place as the Board of Directors may determine and on such day as the said Directors shall appoint. 6 5.2 5.3 l) An agenda for the regular meeting shall be available twenty-four (24) hours before the meeting and may be posted on the Calgary Girls’ School web-site so that all Society members may see it. The agenda shall be adopted at the beginning of each regular meeting. m) The minutes of all meetings shall include the names of those in attendance, and those absent, committee reports and recommendations, and resolutions. The Chairperson shall sign the minutes of all meetings upon approval of those minutes by the Board. n) Where warranted due to time sensitivity, decisions may be made by an email poll. The results of these polls must be read into the minutes at the subsequent Board meeting. Special Meetings a) The Board of Directors is able to call, at any time, a special meeting of the Board. b) The Board of Directors shall be obligated to call a special meeting of the Board on the written request of the Members of the Society carrying not less than 25% of the total number of eligible votes. c) Notice of a special meeting shall state the date, time and place of the special meeting and the nature of the business to be transacted. d) The notice of the special meeting shall be sent to each Director by registered mail, or electronic mail, at least 10 days before the date of the meeting. The notice may alternatively be personally served on the Director, or a responsible person at the Director’s residence, at least 7 days before the date of the meeting. e) Notwithstanding clauses (c) and (d), a special meeting may be held without notice being given under this section if every Director agrees to waive the requirements of clauses (c) and (d). f) Unless all the Directors present at the special meeting agree to it, no business other than that stated in the notice of the special meeting shall be transacted. Annual General Meetings a) The AGM of the Society shall be held on or before the 15th of December each year, at such time and place as may be determined by the Board. b) At every AGM, in addition to any other business that may be transacted, the report of the Board of Directors, financial statements, and the report of the auditors shall be presented and auditors appointed for the ensuing year. 7 c) The members of the Society may consider and transact any business at the AGM. d) Notice of the AGM shall be made in writing, or via electronic mail, at least 21 days before the date of the AGM. Such notice shall be delivered to each Member of the Society and shall contain the date, time and location of the AGM. Notice via the Calgary Girls’ School newsletter and posted on the Society’s website at least 21 days before the date of the meeting shall be an acceptable form of notice. e) The Members present at the AGM will constitute a quorum. The meeting will be conducted and its conclusions and resolutions will thereafter be acted upon by the appropriate Directors, Officers, Members or other persons. f) Members will have only one vote at any AGM and votes may only be given in person. g) At any AGM, a resolution put to a vote will be decided on a show of hands. ARTICLE 6 - GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE 6.1 Composition of Board of Directors a) The Society’s Board of Directors shall be comprised of a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 15 members, a majority of whom shall constitute a quorum. b) The Directors must be eighteen years of age or over and of sound mind. c) Membership on the Board will include the following: d) (i) A minimum of two (2) members of the Board will be parents/guardians of children attending the School, at least one of whom will be elected by the School Council; (ii) A minimum of four (4) members of the Board will be community members who may be from fields of expertise such as accounting, business, law, education, government relations, public relations, and are not a parent of a child attending the School nor are employed by either the School or the Society; (ii) One ex officio non-voting member may be appointed by Administration; and (iv) Such other ex officio members as shall be appointed by the Board from time to time. At no time shall the number of Directors who are parents/guardians of a child attending the School exceed the number of Directors who are not parents/guardians of a child attending the School. 8 6.2 Election of Board of Directors a) At the AGM, Members will elect Directors who have been nominated in accordance with the Society’s policies and presented at the AGM. Nominations for all Directors to be elected at the AGM, with the exception of the parent appointed by School Council, shall be: (i) Made in writing and signed by at least 2 Members; (ii) Approved by the Board Committee charged with the nominations for Directors in accordance with the Society’s policies; (iii) Consented to, in writing, by the person who is nominated; and (iv) Filed with the Secretary of the Board at least 14 days prior to the date scheduled for the annual meeting. b) Directors will hold office for a term of two years and may be re-elected for an indefinite number of terms. c) The Board may replace a Board Member unable to serve or add interim members to the Board until they are duly elected at the next AGM at the Board’s sole discretion. 6.3 Disqualification of Members of the Board of Directors A person is disqualified from being or remaining as a member of the Board of Directors if that person: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) dies; tenders his or her resignation in writing; is adjudged to be bankrupt, insolvent or have another similar status; ceases for any reason to be a Member with the Society; is found to be a person of unsound mind; is an auditor or employee of the Board; is a party to a subsisting contract for the construction, maintenance or repair of real property over which the Board has administration other than a contract for the provision of goods or services in an emergency; (viii) beneficially owns more than 10% of the issued shares of a corporation that has a pecuniary interest in a subsisting contract for the construction, maintenance or repair of real property over which the Board has administration other than a contract for the provision of goods or services in an emergency; (ix) has pecuniary interest in a contract with the Board, other than a. a contract for the provision of goods or services in an emergency; b. a contract for the sale of goods or services to the Board at competitive prices by a dealer in those goods or services incidental to and in the ordinary course of the dealer’s business; c. a contract of employment with the Director’s spouse, child, parent or spouse’s parent, or d. a contract approved by the Board pursuant to disclosure; (x) uses information gained through a person’s position as a Director to gain a 9 pecuniary benefit in respect of any matter in which the person has a pecuniary interest; (xi) is a judge of a court or a member of the Senate or House of Commons of Canada or of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta; (xii) absents himself or herself, without being authorized by a resolution of the Board to do so, from 3 consecutive regular meetings of the Board, unless the person’s absence is due to illness and the person provides evidence of that illness in the form of a medical certificate respecting the priod of the person’s absence; (xiii) is convicted of (a) an indictable offence punishable by imprisonment for 5 or more years, or (b) an offence under section 123 of the Criminal Code (Canada) for which an absolute discharge or pardon has not been granted. 6.4 Termination of a Member of the Board of Directors Any Director may be terminated by a vote of 75% of the Board if he or she is found to be in breach of the Society’s Code of Conduct, is not reasonably fulfilling the duties and responsibilities of a Director as the Board determines, or has otherwise acted in a manner contrary to the operation, goals, vision, mandate, objectives or development of the Society, as the Board determines. . 6.5 Remuneration of Directors a) 6.6 The Directors shall serve as such without receiving any remuneration directly or indirectly from this position. A Director may be paid out of pocket expenses incurred in the performance of his or her duties and by resolution of the Board of Directors Engagement of Contractors by Board of Directors a) The Board of Directors may appoint such agents and engage such contractors as it shall deem necessary from time to time, and such persons shall have such authority and shall perform such duties as shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors. b) Positions shall be filled based on merit. Agents or contractors shall not be engaged in positions for the Society where they are subject to the direct or indirect influence of a family member. c) The reimbursement of all agents and contractors in excess of $15,000 shall be fixed by the Board of Directors by resolution. 10 6.7 Powers and Accountabilities of the Directors a) The sole responsibility of the Directors shall be the governance of the School as set out in the policies of the Society. b) The Directors may administer the affairs of the School in all things and make, or cause to be made, for the Society in its name any kind of contract which the Society may lawfully enter into and, save as hereinafter provided, generally may exercise all such other powers and do all such other acts as the Society is, by its Charter or otherwise, authorized to exercise and do. c) The Directors shall be guided by the philosophy, objectives, and focus of the Charter. d) The Directors shall take such steps as they may deem requisite to enable the School to acquire, accept, solicit or receive legacies, gifts, grants, settlements, bequests, endowments and donations of any kind whatsoever for the purpose of furthering the objects of the School in accordance with the policies set by the Board. e) The Board is accountable to the membership of the Society and the Minister of Education. The areas of accountability are: i) to ensure the School operates in accordance with the applicable provisions of the School Act, regulations and policies, and ii) to ensure a general learning environment is present and students are learning in accordance with the Charter goals and objectives. f) The Board of Directors may prescribe such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with these By-laws, relating to the management and operation of the School, as they deem necessary and in accordance with Society policies, the School Act and the Societies Act. ARTICLE 7 – OFFICERS OF THE BOARD 7.1 Officers of the Board a) Officer positions shall be elected by the Board from among the elected Directors at the first meeting following the AGM. Officer positions shall include the Chair and Vice-Chair or else Co-Chairs, as the Board may determine, Secretary and Treasurer. b) Each Officer will be and remain during his or her term, a Director in good standing with the Society and will take office at the first meeting of the Board after the AGM or, in the case of an appointment, at the meeting at which they were appointed. 11 c) The term of office of each Officer will commence immediately after their election or appointment and they will continue in such office until the earlier of the following: (i) their resignation, (ii) their disqualification to hold office, or (iii) the first meeting of the Board after the AGM wherein it appoints new Officers. d) An Officer may be removed by an Ordinary Resolution of the Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board. 7.2 Chair The Chair shall: 7.3 a) be responsible for calling and, when present, preside at all meetings of the Board, meetings of committees, and at all meetings of the Society and/or its members; or may delegate the chair to other Directors; b) prepare the meeting agendas in consultation with the Superintendent; c) be the official spokesperson of the Society but may delegate such authority in this regard as the Chair, in consultation with the Board of Directors, deems appropriate; d) from time to time, with the concurrence of the Board of Directors, approve the formation of ad hoc committees of the Society, and prescribe their functions and limitations, and appoint such persons to sit thereon; provided however that each appointment to membership on each committee shall end on the day prior to the annual meeting following such appointment; e) act as an ex-officio member of all committees; f) inform and work with the Superintendent and Principal of the School in accordance with the wishes of the majority of the Members of the Society, these By-laws, and the School Act; and g) perform any and all other duties as otherwise set out in the Society’s policies. Co-Chairs If the Board elects to have Co-Chairs, wherever the duties, powers and responsibilities of the Chair are referenced herein, said duties, powers and responsibilities may be exercised or undertaken by the Co-Chairs. 7.4 Vice-Chair The Vice-Chair shall, in the absence or disability of the Chair, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chair and shall perform such other duties as may, from time to time, be imposed upon the Vice-Chair by the Board of Directors. This will include co-signing of Society cheques in excess of $15,000, together with the Superintendent, in the absence of the Chair. 12 7.5 Secretary The Secretary shall: a) ensure that minutes are taken at all regular, special, and annual meetings and keep these minutes; b) ensure that the requirements of the Societies Act are observed; c) assist the Chair in such other matters as the Chair may require; and d) perform any and all other duties as otherwise set out in the Society’s policies. 7.6 Treasurer The Treasurer shall: a) be responsible for the maintenance of all required books of account and financial records of the Society; b) be responsible for the co-ordination of the preparation of the annual audit and year-end financial statements; c) establish and maintain adequate systems for the control of all expenditures; d) establish and maintain adequate systems to ensure that all funds of the Society are properly received, adequately protected, and properly deposited and accounted for in accordance with generally accepted accounting procedures; e) ensure that all necessary appointments of signing officers for banking documentation are made from time to time by the Board; and f) perform any and all other duties as otherwise set out in the Society’s policies. 7.7 Directors The Directors shall attend all regular, special and annual meetings and perform such duties as may, from time to time, be assigned by the Chair or Vice-Chair. This will include chairing various ad-hoc committees from time to time. 7.8 Committees Committees will be formed at the will of the Board in accordance with the needs of the Society and its strategic plan. 13 ARTICLE 8 - EMPLOYEES 8.1 Superintendent a) Subject to the School Act and the regulations, the Board shall appoint an individual Superintendent for a period of not more than 5 years with the prior approval, in writing, of the Minister. Where a Board applies for the Minister’s approval, it shall give to the Minister, on the required form and containing the information required by the Minister, notice of its intention to appoint the Superintendent. b) The Superintendent is the Chief Executive Officer of the Board and the Chief Education Officer. c) The Superintendent shall carry out the duties assigned by the Board. d) The Superintendent shall supervise the operation of the School and the provision of education programs, in accordance with section 113 of the School Act. e) The Superintendent shall report to the Minister in accordance with the School Act. f) The office of Superintendent shall be automatically vacated if the Superintendent g) delivers a written resignation to the Board; is found by a court to be of unsound mind; the approval of the Minister of Learning is withdrawn; at a special meeting of the Board of Directors a unanimous resolution is passed by the Board that the Superintendent be removed from office; dies; or becomes bankrupt. If any vacancy occurs for any reason in this position, the Board of Directors may, by majority vote, fill the vacancy, by appointment, with another Superintendent approved by the Minister. 8.2 The Secretary-Treasurer The Board, with the input of the Superintendent, shall appoint a SecretaryTreasurer and forthwith notify the Minister of the appointment. Arrangements will be made for the bonding of the Secretary-Treasurer in an amount that is reasonable in the circumstances. 14 ARTICLE 9 - EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS 9.1 Contracts, documents, or any instruments in writing requiring the signature of the Board shall be signed by the Chair or the Vice-Chair or another Director appointed by the Board of Directors as having signing authority for such documents. 9.2 All cheques in excess of $15,000 shall require two (2) signatures, one of which shall be either the Chair or a Director appointed by the Board and the other shall be the Superintendent or the Principal of the School. For further clarity, cheques $15,000 or less may be signed by the Superintendent, the Principal or the Secretary-Treasurer. 9.3 The Directors shall have power, from time to time by resolution, to appoint an officer or officers on behalf of the School to sign specific contracts, documents, and instruments in writing. The Directors may give the School’s power of attorney to any registered dealer in securities for the purposes of the transferring of and dealing with any stocks, bonds, and other securities of the School. ARTICLE 10 – INSPECTION OF DOCUMENTS 10.1 At any reasonable time at the School, a Member may inspect any one or more of the following items: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) the agenda of any Board or annual meeting; the minutes of any Board of annual meeting; a budget adopted by the Board; a By-law of the Society; an agreement entered into by the Board; an account of the Board; a financial statement prepared pursuant to a requirement of the School Act. ARTICLE 11 – FINANCES 11.1 Fiscal Year The fiscal year shall be September 1 to August 31 unless otherwise ordered by the Board of Directors. 11.2 Auditor The Board of Directors shall, at each annual meeting, appoint an auditor to audit the accounts. The remuneration of the auditor shall be fixed by the Board of Directors. No member or employee of the Society can be allowed to do the audit. 11.3 Books and Records The Board of Directors shall see that all necessary books and records of the Society required by the By-laws, or any applicable statute, are regularly and properly kept. 15 11.4 Borrowing (a) The Board of Directors may borrow to meet current expenditures, but the Board shall not, without the prior written approval of the Minister, borrow to meet current expenditures if the aggregate of the amount to be borrowed and the total amount owing under previous borrowings would exceed the amount of the Board’s accounts receivable, as shown in the most recent audited financial statements for the Society. (b) The Board, with the prior approval of the Minister, may borrow to meet capital expenditures. (c) The amount of any borrowing by the Board may be secured a. By a promissory note, or b. In any other manner. ARTICLE 12 - ADMINSITRATION IN THE ABSENCE OF POLICY 12.1 12.2 The Board of Directors recognizes that situations may arise where there are no specific provisions in policy or precedence and action must be taken. In such cases the Principal shall have the power to act in accordance with the following guidelines: a) If a situation arises where the Principal is of the opinion, emergency action is required, and there is no policy or precedent to provide guidance, the Principal has the authority to act. b) If time permits the Principal shall contact the Board Chair, other member(s) of the Board, or the Superintendent. c) When circumstances dictate that the Principal make an immediate decision without contacting the Chair, another member of the Board, or Superintendent, the Principal is authorized to act in accordance with the best established practice using common sense procedures. The Principal shall inform the Board as soon as possible of the action taken. Actions taken by the Principal in emergency situations shall be reviewed at the next meeting of the Board of Directors, and if appropriate an interim policy recommendation shall be proposed. ARTICLE 13 – GENERAL All notices that are required to be given pursuant to these By-laws, will be validly given if they are delivered via prepaid mail, courier, facsimile or electronic transmission such as e-mail, and will be deemed to have been received by the addressee three (3) business days after they are mailed, or on the next business day if they are couriered, facsimiled or e-mailed. Notices will be delivered to the addressee at the last address, fax number or e-mail address given by such addressee in writing. 16