1. SPEECH AS A SOUND WAVE 2. DUALITY OF PATTERNING

LINGUISTICS 1, WEB QUIZ #4
1. SPEECH AS A SOUND WAVE
2. DUALITY OF PATTERNING
3. "SAME" SOUNDS
4. ARTICULATION OF SOUNDS I
5. ARTICULATION OF SOUNDS II
6. ARTICULATORY DESCRIPTION
7. READING THE PHONETIC ALPHABET
8. PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION
9. PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION VS. ORTHOGRAPHY
10. TYPES OF WRITING SYSTEMS: MAYAN
FEEDBACK WILL BECOME AVAILABLE AFTER THE QUIZ CLOSES.
1. SPEECH AS A SOUND WAVE
Answers a-e are wave forms of the following five sentences:
Why are you yelling?
Why are you yakking?
Why are you talking?
What are you yakking?
What are you talking?
Which one is the wave form for the sentence, "WHY ARE YOU TALKING?"
a.
b.
c.
1
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d.
e.
2. DUALITY OF PATTERNING
Select the one item in a-e that illustrates of DUALITY OF PATTERNING.
a.
= "stop"
b.
= "go"
= "curves in the road"
c. Combining the root CURVE with the morpheme S to make the plural CURVES.
d. Saying BOO! to scare someone.
e. Clicking the tongue twice (usually written TSK-TSK) to mean, "That's too bad!"
3. "SAME" SOUNDS
In the left hand column below, are two pairs of words, where the members of each pair
represent the same sounds in reverse order. In the right hand column are the words
manipulated electronically to play backward. Contrary to expectation, the "backward"
version does not sound like the other member of the pair. Click here to hear the sounds.
Base word
leaf
feel
nap
pan
Base word played backward
leaf backward
(should sound like feel)
feel backward
(should sound like leaf)
nap backward
(should sound like pan)
pan backward
(should sound like nap)
Why does the backward version not sound like the word that it "should" sound like?
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a. When manipulating sounds electronically, there will always be distortions not heard in
the original recording.
b. The context that speech sounds occur in (beginning or end of word, neighboring
sounds, and so forth) affects their pronunciation.
c. Speakers probably never pronounce the same word in precisely the same way each
time they say it. It is these slight variations in prounciation that account for the nonidentity noted here, NOT the fact that word is played backward.
d. In the English spelling system, the same letter often can represent several different
sounds. The pairs of words here are examples of this, that is, the same letters are being
used in multiple ways.
e. The words in blue in the left-hand column are English words, but if the letters are
reversed, they are not English words.
4. ARTICULATION OF SOUNDS 1
Select the correct description of the sound that the speaker in the diagram would be
pronouncing. (You might want to look at the "movie" for English consonants that was
used in lecture.)
a. voiced alveolar stop
b. voiceless alveolar stop
c. voiced alveolar nasal
d. voiced alveopalatal affricate
e. voiceless alveopalatal affricate
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5. ARTICULATION OF SOUNDS II
Which of the following diagrams would represent a speaker saying a MID FRONT
UNROUNDED vowel? (You might want to look at the "movie" for English vowels that
was used in lecture.)
a.
b.
d.
e.
c.
6. ARTICULATORY DESCRIPTION
Which of the following words begins in a VOICELESS ALVEOPALATAL
AFFRICATE?
a. chord
d. shore
b. chore
e. circus
c. core
7. READING THE PHONETIC ALPHABET
NOTE: THIS IS FILL-IN QUESTION, NOT MULTIPLE CHOICE!
Here are five English words transcribed phonetically. Write each word in normal English
spelling.
1. [res] ________
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2. [čuz] ________
3. [šʊk] ________
4. [θaŋ] ________
5. [klaym] ________
8. PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION
NOTE: THIS IS FILL-IN QUESTION, NOT MULTIPLE CHOICE!
Transcribe each of the following English words phonetically. (The phonetic symbols
needed to transcribe these words are all letters of the regular Roman alphabet, so you will
not have to type any special symbols.)
1. hound ________
2. wound (in the meaning "injury") __________
3. cough __________
4. 'zine ("an underground magazine") _________
5. cite ___________
9. PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION VS. ORTHOGRAPHY
Here are phonetic transcriptions of two pairs of utterances in English. Click here to hear
the phrases by the two speakers.
a wɔk ʌrænd ɪr ɪvrɪ dʌy
ay wak ʌrawnd hɪr ɛvri de
gɛt ðʌ frɛš e
gɛt ðʌ frɛš ɛr
How do these transcriptions show the value of using a standard orthography to write
English rather than transcribing people's speech phonetically?
a. The standard alphabet has only 26 letters, which are easier to memorize than the many
more symbols that would be needed for phonetic transciption.
b. Since standard orthography is for WRITING, it allows for a standard set of characters
for printing presses and keyboard fonts, usable wherever English is spoken.
c. A true phonetic transcription would require that one use different symbols to write
variants of sounds that speakers hear as "the same", such as "dark" vs. "light l",
"nasalized" vs. "non-nasalized" vowels, and the like.
d. If English speakers around the world wrote differently according to their
pronunciation, it would be difficult, if not impossible for speakers from other areas to
read and understand what they had written.
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e. Standard orthography does NOT have value from an objective point of view--the use
of standard orthography has been imposed on English speakers by prescriptive
grammarians, who control school curricula.
10. TYPES OF WRITING SYSTEMS: MAYAN
The Mayan writing system was used in what is now Guatemala and the Yucatan area of
Mexico for a period extending from at least the 3rd century CE until the 16th century
(Wikipedia has a pretty good article on the study of this writing system). Scholars
managed to ascertain that this was really a writing system, rather than simply pictorial
artworks, only in the latter half of the 20th century.
The Mayan hieroglyphs are basically a syllabic writing system. Here is a table of some of
the syllabic signs of Mayan. Down the left side of the table are the consonants that begin
the syllables, and across the top are the vowels of the syllables. Some syllables can be
represented by several different hieroglyphs.
NOTE ON ARRANGEMENT OF HIEROGLYPHS:
Mayan hieroglyphs within a word can be
arranged either left-to-right or top-to-bottom. Often, if the top-to-bottom arrangement is
used a hieroglyph is rotated 90 degrees. For example, in a word pronounced taki, you
might get either of these arrangements:
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ta
ki
ta ki
Here are five Mayan words written in hieroglyphyphs. WHICH ONE REPRESENTS
THE WORD lata 'to bury'?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.