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Contents
1-16cg10 11/8/05 1:30 PM Page 3 Contents Dedication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Note to Our Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 The Basics of Carnival Glass Collecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Carnival or Stretch Glass?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Dugan and Diamond Story. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Fenton Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Imperial Story. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The Millersburg Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The Northwood Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Other American Companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Non-American Carnival Glassmakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 English Carnival Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Australian Carnival Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Old Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 New Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Grading Carnival Glass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Metal Samples for Salespeople . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Millersburg “Peacock” Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Hatpins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278 Price Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288 1-16cg10 11/8/05 1:30 PM Page 6 The Basics of Carnival Glass Collecting Having researched carnival glass for 30 plus years, it is easy to forget there are collectors just beginning, who haven’t learned the fine points of this remarkable glass; so for them, here are some basic thoughts. First comes color. To tell the true color of a piece of carnival glass, hold the piece to a strong light; the base color you see is the color of the piece. The colors given off by the iridescence have little or nothing to do with the true color of the glass. Many have asked me to provide a color chart to aid beginners, but capturing glass colors on paper is nearly impossible. The best advice we can offer on color is to handle as much of this glass as you can, holding it to the light and observing; soon, colors will come naturally, at least the basic colors. Next, perhaps we should discuss shapes. Bowls and plates are easy to understand as are pitchers, tumblers, and vases; but even those have variations: bowls can be ruffled, unruffled (shallow unruffled bowls are called ice cream shape), deep, or shallow. Pitchers can be standard, smaller (milk pitcher), taller (tankard), or squat. Tumblers can be standard size, tall (lemonade), or small (juice), even as small as shot glasses. Vases can range from tiny 4" bud vases to monster 22" sizes called funeral vases. Vases may be straight topped, flared, or JIP (jack-in-the-pulpit) shaped with one side down and one side up. In addition there are table sets, consisting of a creamer, a sugar, a covered butter dish, and a spooner (this piece has no lid). There are decanters and stemmed goblets of several sizes; there are rose bowls, evident by the lips being pulled in equally around the top of the piece; candy dishes that have the rims flared out; and nut bowls that have the rim standing straight up. There are banana bowls that are pulled up on two sides, baskets that have handles, bonbons that have handles on opposite sides, and nappies with only one handle. In addition we have berry sets (small and large bowls that are deep and usually come with one large bowl and six small ones), orange bowls (large footed bowls that held fruit), handled mugs, and plates (these are shallow without any bowl effect, coming straight out from the base and no higher from base to rim than 2"). Specialized shapes include candlesticks, hatpins, hatpin holders (footed pieces with the rim turned in to hold hatpins), epergnes (pieces that hold flower lilies), card trays (flattened bonbons or nappies), toothpick holders, cracker and cookie jars with lids, stemmed compotes (or comports as they were originally called), hair receivers, powder jars with lids, as well as many novelties that include paperweights, animal novelties, and wall pocket vases. Finally we have punch sets which consist of a punch bowl, standard or base, and matching cups. These are all the general shapes of carnival glass. In addition we have many specialty shapes that include light shades, beads, beaded purses, odd whimsey shapes of all sorts that have been fashioned from standard pieces, pintrays, dresser trays, pickle casters in metal frames, and bride’s baskets likewise. The list of shapes is almost endless and the beginner should study these and ask other collectors about odd pieces they can’t identify. Now, let’s talk briefly about the iridescence itself. By far the major portion of carnival glass items will be found with a satiny finish that has many colored highlights across the surface, like oil on water; but another very popular finish was developed by the Millersburg Company and used by all other makers in limited amounts. This is called “radium” finish and can be recognized by its shiny, mirror-like lustre on the surface. Often, with radium finish, the exterior of the piece has no iridization and the piece has a light, watery shine. Beyond that, some colors, especially pastels such as white, ice blue, and ice green, have a frosty look. This treatment is always satin, never radium. Finally, there is the addition of the milky edge on treatments that are called opalescent. Added to the marigold finish, this is called “peach opalescent” and with the ice blue, it becomes “aqua opalescent.” Other opalescent treatments with carnival glass are blue opalescent, amethyst opalescent, lime green opalescent, ice green opalescent, vaseline opalescent, and red opalescent. Finally, there are many new color labels that have come about over the last few years. These are mostly shadings of primary or secondary colors; they are often hard to understand and harder to describe. Here are a few: moonstone (opaque glass, not as dense as milk glass); clambroth (pale ginger ale color); black amethyst (nearly black glass iridized); horehound (a shade darker than amber); Persian blue (opaque, like moonstone but blue); smoke (grayish, with blue and gold highlights); teal (a mixture of blue and green); vaseline (a mixture of green and yellow); lavender (a pale amethyst); and lime (green with a yellow mix). Lastly, there are a handful of colors, now in vogue, that nobody seems to agree on a definition: things like Renniger blue, a tealish, sapphirey blue, according to some! Have we carried all this too far? Of course, but it isn’t in our hands to stop this proliferation of colors. We can only hope the above information proves helpful in some way. Remember, we are all learning and knowledge comes in time and with patience. The trip is worth the effort. 6 1-16cg10 11/8/05 1:30 PM Page 14 Old Trademarks Over the years there have been many requests for information about carnival glass trademarks and while this section will be old news to seasoned collectors, it may just help beginners avoid costly purchases they will regret. If it saves just one from mistaking reproductions for old carnival, the effort is well worth it. Northwood, Imperial, Cambridge, Dugan-Diamond, McKee, Higbee, Jeannette, Sowerby (England), and Cristales de Mexico (Mexico) are the trademarks on old glass that collectors will see. All these companies marked at least a part of their production. The dates for marking vary and range from 1904 to 1939, depending on the company’s lifespan and when they first started marking glass. On the other hand, many well-known glassmakers never marked old glass. These include Fenton, Millersburg, U.S. Glass, Fostoria, Indiana, and others. Fostoria and Fenton used paper labels on their products and over the years these have been washed off. Others depended on advertising to identify their product and marked the packaging. Now let’s take a look at the most often seen old glass markings. Northwood Cristales de Mexico Higbee Diamond (Dugan-Diamond) Cambridge Imperial Jeannette Jain Glass Works of Firozabad, India 14 On some pieces of Aurora Pearls, there is a trademark. McKee Sowerby 17-32cg10 11/8/05 1:31 PM Page 22 Acorn Burrs Acorn Burrs, one of Northwood’s premier patterns from around 1911, is found in a berry set, water set, table set, whimsey vase (from the tumbler), and a punch set. Colors are many and include marigold, amethyst, and green in all pieces except the vase, white, ice blue, ice green, lime green, aqua opalescent, and cobalt blue in the punch set. Here we are happy to show the first reported punch bowl and base in this color. Acorn Vase While some collectors believe this is a U.S. Glass pattern, others feel it may well be from Millersburg. At any rate, it is a rare item, standing 5³⁄₈" tall. Colors known are marigold, amethyst, green, and the vaseline shown, but only one vase in each color has been confirmed. Adam’s Rib Adam’s Rib was made by the Diamond Glass Company (their #900 pattern) in the mid-1920s. It can be found in ice green, celeste blue, and marigold (the console bowl is also known in marigold-over-milk glass). Shapes include a lemonade pitcher and mug, covered candy jar, 10" vase (shown), candlesticks, a large footed console, a fan vase, a compote, open sugar, a large bowl, and probably a creamer. A Dozen Roses This rare footed bowl, found in marigold, amethyst (shown), or green, has an exterior pattern with the same ovid frames as the interior but without the roses. The maker hasn’t been confirmed as far as we know but most collectors feel this pattern is from Imperial. African Shield This small vase shape originally had a wire flower holder that held the stems of freshly cut blossoms in a neat arrangement. It is 2⁷⁄₈" tall and 3¹⁄₄" wide at the top. It is made by Sowerby. Marigold is the only color reported so far. Age Herald This famous advertising pattern, known to have come from the Fenton factory, is found only in amethyst. Both bowls and plates are known. The pattern was designed as a give-away item from the well-known Birmingham, Alabama, newspaper. The exterior pattern is a wide panel. Alternating Dimples This squat vase is eight sided and every other side is dimpled. The coloring is a fine clambroth. The neck is crimped then flared out at the top with dimples all around and the bowl has fine enameled flowers between the dimpled sections. Anyone with more information on this piece is requested to contact us. 22 49-64cg10 11/8/05 1:36 PM Page 59 Cleveland Memorial Made to celebrate Cleveland’s centennial, this ashtray from Millersburg has scenes that depict the Garfield statue, his tomb at Lake View cemetery, the Soldiers and Sailors monument, the Superior Street viaduct, and Cleveland’s Chamber of Commerce building. These rare ashtrays can be found in amethyst or marigold. Cloverleaf Mini Fish Bowl With bulges on four sides, this mini goldfish bowl has the appearance of a four-leaf clover when viewed from the top, hence the name. It is on clear glass with a flashed iridescence and sits on a matching black glass base. Around the top rim is an edging of gilding. The maker hasn’t been identified as far as we know. Coal Bucket (U.S. Glass) These rather rare little match holders can be found in both marigold and green, and are a dream come true for collectors of miniatures. Few are around, and they bring high prices when sold. Cobblestone (Imperial) From Imperial, found mostly in 8¹⁄₂" – 10" ruffled bowls (one plate is reported in purple), this pattern has Arcs as an exterior pattern. Purple is most often seen, with marigold a bit scarce, helios green less scarce, amber rare, and cobalt blue even rarer. In addition, a similar pattern by Fenton is found on a bonbon with a honeycomb exterior. Coin Dot Variant (Fenton) This pattern is much like the regular Coin Dot, but has added dots at the edges of the center grouping at 12, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 clockwise. It is believed this mould was later retooled into the Feather Stitch pattern. Colors are marigold, green, amethyst, and blue. Thanks to Mr. and Mrs. A.T. McClelland for sharing this scarce green example. Coin Spot This well-known pattern was made by the Dugan Company and continued by Diamond Glass. It is found on the compote shown or a goblet shape, all from the same mould. (In opalescent glass a vase was also pulled from this mould.) Colors in carnival glass include marigold, amethyst, cobalt blue, peach opalescent, ice green, and celeste blue. (Green has long been rumored.) Peach opalescent examples are the easiest to find. Colonial (Imperial) Colonial is often mistaken for the Chesterfield pattern or even Wide Panel, all by Imperial. It is found in candlesticks, a buttermilk goblet, a breakfast creamer and sugar set, a lemonade mug, and the child’s mug shown. This mug was designated #593 by the factory as were all the shapes except the #41 candlesticks. Coloring is always marigold except for the candlesticks which were made in amber, purple, and clambroth as well. 59 81-96cg10 11/10/05 1:54 PM Page 95 Fan Montage This interesting biscuit jar was found by Gary Vandevander and is the first we’ve seen. It is likely European but doesn’t appear in any of our references at this time. We welcome any information about the pattern or its maker. Fans This Rindskopf pattern can be found in the small pitcher (5" tall, 7" across the handle), a matching tumbler, and a cracker jar with metal lid. The pattern is very pretty with an allover design, and the color is usually quite rich. It has been reported in marigold only. Fan Star (Millersburg) Very few Millersburg pieces had plain exteriors and the one shown here has only the marie or base design to avoid being called plain. The Fan Star base can be found on the Zig Zag bowl and accompanying the Cactus exterior on Rays and Ribbons pieces. The design is just a 24-rayed star that feathers out in fan-like lines at the end of each ray. Fan-Tail Fan-Tail is found as an interior pattern on some Butterfly and Berry bowls and chop plates (shown). The design is a series of whirling peacock tails. Colors are marigold, cobalt blue, green, and white. Fenton has reproduced this pattern in some modern glass. Far Eastern We suspect this 3¹⁄₂" tall jar once had a lid since the shape is much like the Stjarna bonboniere. The maker isn’t known to us at this time but it is most likely European. We certainly welcome any information about this pattern. Farmyard Farmyard is one of Dugan’s best designs and is found in large bowls and a rare plate. Colors are amethyst, peach opalescent (rare), and green (rare), and all are sought. Thanks to Peter Baerwald for sharing the photo. Fashion (Imperial) Fashion was from Imperial (their #402¹⁄₂) and is found in a water set, punch set, breakfast set, 9" bowls, a large compote, and a rose bowl. Colors include marigold, purple, red, smoke, and horehound. Fashion was also made in many shapes in crystal in 1910. Feather and Heart This fine water set, found in green, marigold, and amethyst, is typical in many ways of all the Millersburg water sets. The pitcher lip is long and pulled quite low, while the rim is scalloped quite like its cousin, the Marilyn set. The glass is quite clear, rather heavy, and has excellent iridescence. A little difficult to find, the pattern adds greatly to any collection. 95 161-176cg10 11/10/05 2:19 PM Page 162 Lotus Land What a privilege to show this very rare bonbon, generous in size (8¹⁄₄" across) and rich in design. From its stippled center flower to the whimsical outer flowers, the pattern is one you won’t soon forget. Amethyst and marigold are known. Louisa This familiar pattern from Westmoreland is found on bowls with three curled feet in various shapes that include a deep bowl, ice cream bowl, a nut bowl, and the banana bowl shown. Colors are marigold, amethyst, blue, green, horehound, vaseline, teal, and a rare peach opalescent (shown in our eighth edition). The pattern was later reproduced in the 1950s by Jeannette in pale Depression shades. Lovely Found as the interior pattern on some Leaf and Beads pieces, this well-planned design has been credited to the Northwood Company but shards are reported to have been found at the Dugan factory site. Colors are marigold, amethyst, or green, and because of its scarcity, pieces with this interior always demand a high interest. Loving Cup Standing 5³⁄₄" tall and measuring 6¹⁄₄" across the handles, this outstanding piece of glass is known as Fenton’s Loving Cup despite carrying the wellknown Orange Tree pattern. The interior has a Peacock Tail pattern and there is a scale band above the orange trees as well as scaling on the base. Colors cover a wide range and include marigold, amethyst, green, blue, peach opalescent, aqua opalescent, and white. Lucile Originally this was a crystal Indiana Glass pattern called Prosperity. It is also called Ferris Wheel. The carnival water pitchers and tumblers are made by Brockwitz. Pitchers are made in blue and tumblers in blue and marigold. There must have been a marigold pitcher made. Lucky Bell This berry set pattern, which is also known as Bell and Arches, is seldom found or discussed. The large bowls are about 8¹⁄₂" in diameter, the small ones about 4¹⁄₂". The maker isn’t known, and marigold is the only reported color. Lules Argentina This plate was sold on the Internet. It is shown in a Cristalerias Piccardo catalog from Argentina where it was advertised in other shapes as well. It measures 7⁷⁄₈" across and has a rich marigold iridescence. It is now in West Virginia. 162 209-224cg10 11/8/05 1:54 PM Page 221 Scroll Embossed (Imperial) Scroll Embossed is found in plates and bowls with three different exterior patterns, three sizes of compotes, a goblet, sherbet, and a nut dish. Colors are many. We are grateful to Alice Widtfeldt for sharing this photo. Scroll Embossed Variant (English) Much like the Imperial pattern it was copied from, this English version is found on small bowls, plates, handled ashtrays, compotes, as well as on the Diving Dolphin pieces. The exterior design is the giveaway; File on Imperial, a vine-like pattern on the English pieces. Colors are marigold, blue, green, and amethyst. Scroll Fluted Scroll Fluted was shown in Imperial Glass Company ads. This unusual pattern is found in bowls and the rose bowl shape shown with collar bases. Crystal and carnival glass are both known. The design of panels of beveling against plain panels that extend higher at the rim is an unusual one. Scroll Panel Lamp This lamp is similar in many ways to the Mitered Block lamp shown on page 172. It is red carnival and has panels bordered by nice scrolling. It is marked “Falkenstein-9002” inside the metal fittings and stands nearly two feet tall. We strongly suspect this is European and thank the Mel Buels for sharing this nice lamp with us. Seacoast Pintray This beautiful piece is one of two pintray designs from Millersburg (the other is the Sunflower). It features a lighthouse, seascape, a sailboat, and a large fish. It can be found in marigold, green, and amethyst (shown), and even a deep purple. Seafoam Seafoam was made in both carnival glass and opalescent glass, along with the crystal and colored line. This is really Dugan’s SRepeat goblet that has been reshaped and renamed. The interior pattern is called Constellation (shown on page 62). Carnival glass colors are marigold, amethyst, white, peach opalescent, and an unusual yellow glass with marigold lustre. Seagulls Bowl If one rarity in this book stands as an example of “scarce but not prized,” the Seagulls bowl is that rarity. Certainly there are far fewer of these to be found than many items that bring 10 times the money, but for some strange reason, these cuties are not sought by most collectors. The two bird figures are heavily detailed as is the bowl pattern. The color, while not outstanding, is good and is iridized both inside and out. The diameter of the bowl is 5³⁄₄" and the depth is 2⁷⁄₈". I believe the manufacturer was Dugan. 221 337-352cg10 11/11/05 9:06 AM Page 344 Pattern Name Rose Bowl, rare MALLARD DUCK one shape MANCHESTER Flower Holder w/frog MANHATTAN (U.S. GLASS) Decanter Wine Vase, rare MANY FRUITS (DUGAN) Punch Bowl w/base Punch Cup MANY PRISMS Perfume w/stopper MANY RIBS (MODEL FLINT NORTHWOOD) Vase, 8", very rare MANY STARS & VARIANT (MILLERSBURG) Bowl, ruffled, 9", scarce Bowl, ice cream shape, 9¹₂", rare Bowl, tricornered, rare Chop Plate, very rare MAPLE LEAF (DUGAN) Bowl, stemmed, 4¹₂" Bowl, stemmed, 9" Butter Creamer or Spooner Sugar Pitcher Tumbler MAPLE LEAF BASKET (BROCKWITZ) Basket, handle, large MARGUERITE Vase, 10" MARIANNA (CZECH) Vase MARIE (FENTON) Rustic Vase interior base pattern MARILYN (MILLERSBURG) Pitcher, rare Tumbler, rare MARTEC (McKEE) Tumbler, rare MARTHA Compote, 7¹₂" MARY ANN (DUGAN) Vase, 2 varieties, 7" Loving Cup, 3 handles, rare MARY GREGORY Cologne Bottle, rare MASSACHUSETTS (U.S. GLASS) Mug, rare Tumbler, very scarce Vase, very scarce MAYAN (MILLERSBURG) Bowl, 8¹₂" – 10", common in green, all others, rare MAY BASKET (ENGLISH) Basket, 7¹₂" Bowl, 9", rare MAYFLOWER (IMPERIAL) Light Shade MAYFLOWER (MILLERSBURG) Bowl, 9" – 9¹₂", very rare exterior of Grape Leaves bowls MAYPOLE Vase, 6¹₄" McKEE’S #20 Sherbet McKEE’S SQUIGGY Vase MEANDER (NORTHWOOD) exterior pattern only MELON RIB Candy Jar w/lid Decanter Powder Jar w/lid Pitcher Tumbler Shakers, pair 344 M A 125 G B PO AO IB IG W Red Other 400 550 CRAN 100 AM 250 40 350 400 25 700 30 40 2500 125 1400 70 75 3000 375 475 500 1100 2500 550 1100 3000 4250 35 100 150 55 80 300 50 50 40 100 150 70 90 350 55 1350 225 2000 350 3000 V 5000 30 60 125 45 70 175 30 65 110 260 950 135 500 160 100 550 375 1000 PkA 175 150 200 175 3500 150 40 95 160 45 70 3000 45 105 60 35 90 30 90 35 60 20 35 125