Document 6498465

HOW
TO
USE
REFERENCE
BOOKS
BY
LEON
O.
LIBRARIES
SCHOOL
NEW
YORK
AMERICAN
NEW
YORK
WISWELL
STATE
EDUCATION
BOOK
CINCINNATI
Hv
INSPECTOR
DEPARTMENT
COMPANY
CHICAGO
1916,
Copyright,
by
WISWELL
LEON
O.
BOOKS
REFERENCE
TO
USE
HOW
W.
A
f
.
PREFACE
Skill
in
to
necessary
student
a
full
the
works
of
that
Centuries
by
partially
technical
devices,
result
that
less
than
they
aim
in
assistance
body
no
of
of
of
use
the
important
has
dictionary,
which
that
suggested
character
be
given
It
work
is
some
to
all
for
been
is
and
course
the
who
tical
prac-
have
this
to
most
common.
prospective
had
reason
the
this
the
to
once
of
far
out.
devoted
at
with
used
offer
For
with
enced
inexperi-
ignored,
to
that
ticulars,
par-
character
duty.
attention
some
and
parents
this
for
reference
in
been
has
and
filled
are
school
elementary
an
teachers
special training
considerable
book
only
fact
voluntarily
be, in
this
The
difficult
are
been
and
generally
books
should
have
it.
size,
great
mere
mistake.
a
awkward
do
to
is too
use,
the
aggregate,
really
the
is
complicated
are
to
the
of
are
so
persons
great
often
are
and
The
efforts
frequently
beyond
in
larly
particucommon
too
This
the
students
successful
works
these
in
and
more
been
required.
time,
young
the
skill
no
or
is
of
has
It
its
meets
library,
consulting
little
read
to
wasted
of
art
good
a
so
early give systematic
not
reference.
assumed
ability
of
use
school
no
is
books
from
that
if it does
obligation
training in the
in
information
getting
the
most
general
teachers.
The
CONTENTS
OF
TABLE
Library:
Training
What
Library
the
Use
to
9
.
Books
Reference
are
?
13
.
Special
in
Aids
Table
The
References
Finding
of
16
Contents
17
.
Index
The
18
....
Taking
Notes
....
Reference
Indispensable
The
Books
:
Dictionary
How
to
25
the
Encourage
Use
of
the
Dictionary
Words
Finding
29
....
Spelling
3"
Pronunciation
31
....
Primitives
of
Study
Definitions
before
Classed
Derivatives
according
to
Speech
Selection
Second
from
a
Series
of
of
Etymology
Significance
Series
of
Definitions
Definitions
Words
of
of
Parts
of
Synonyms
59
63
Words
72
76
.
The
Parts
64
Words
Compound
56
58
.
Special
25
76
....
Sections
79
Cyclopedia
85
....
6
TABLE
Reference
Works
in
OF
CONTENTS
Particular
Subjects
:
This
in
minds
All
is
their
focus
in
library.
a
the
we
the
world
the
and
of
glory
the
all
which
from
temple
the
of
pinnacle
of
kingdoms
find
history
world's
the
see
may
Ages
them.
have
.
.
and
generations
wrought,
all
blossoms
their
down
cast
are
grown,
here.
It
is
the
garden
of
immortal
fruits,
dog
without
dragon.
or
Gilbert
Porree.
de
"
la
TRAINING
student,
No
to
of his
school
if for
He
that
in
the
that
decides
he
moment
world
aggressive
Another
as
learning
long
to
rest
to
ceases
moves
and
eflScient
period
a
last.
If, early
achievements,
past
and
leaves
than
he
another
doing,
progress,
on
more
person,
his
on
that
of
and
the
the
by
exercises
life shaU
as
at
reminded
these
to
period
is honored
is
can
beginning.
a
Commencement
of
process
continue
is to
late, he
or
the
make
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short
the
only
can
applied
only
industrious,
within
still
exercises,
LIBRARY
and
attainments
superior
reached
period
the
him
busy,
behind.
takes
himself,
place.
Manifestly,
do
can
habits
for
of
one
its
being
the
comes,
preparation
That
of
education
commonly
has
his
his
THE
faithful
course.
graduating
name
USE
however
finish
hope
And
TO
no
for
other
improvement
of
the
is
pupils
to
self-helpful,
individual
self
train
so
them
in
that, when
shall
go
school
any
and
ways
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out
tion
separa-
strong
in
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single
as
services
greatest
a
agency
is
collection
9
so
potential
of
good
a
means
books
is
LIBRARY
THE
lO
conceded.
everywhere
this ; yet, while
beheves
do
his full
he
is
duty toward
with
purpose
library. Lack
the
preparation
to
it
as
might be.
tell than
than
the
teach, easier
to
there
finds
it for
ideal
do
task
a
it easier
for
day than
to
meet
look
to
lifetime.
a
to
pupil
a
himself, easier
far
wonder
No
approximated
teacher, often
somehow
of the
than
prompt
of the
The
most
of
the
in real
best
suggest.
to
welcome
and
life,
be
may
recorded
the
No
are
if he knows
fact, suggestion
read
they
how,
or
may
are
is
one
the
more
of another.
for
counts
wisest
noteworthy accomplishments
they
pupils
appreciate offerings
study
possession of books
his
training that
can
he
that
sees
time
experience and
mere
them
unless
essentials
the
wisdom
the
finds
helpful
as
comes
time, gets books, supplies deficiencies,over-
obtain
In
or
often
of the
and
difficulties,
out
useful
as
bine
com-
failures.
are
The
to
plans for
make
and
do
to
demands
immediate
ahead
teacher
The
train him
to
being
of
pupils,lack
teacher, all
part of the
it from
prevent
his
time, lack
of
the part of the
on
the
on
to
charge,
his
pupils under
the
books, lack of interest
of
earnestly desirous
difl"cultyin accompHshing
find
likely to
is
he
teacher
thoughtful
Every
thoughts
and
of men,
but
valueless.
quickly turn
inspiration;
and
nothing.
The
to
them
if his
dent,
stu-
for
private
TRAINING
collection
is not
he
which
school
library
be
the
profitably
the
school.
and
and
libraries
and
is
of the
The
the
to
say
he is
Then, if
of
If he
not
process
the
at
to
lessons
ciency,
end
read
which
in mental
to
be
in
is
been
in order
he has
English,
from
authorities
this
division
in any
other.
chiefly to learn
fairlywell
third
to
to
or
no
he
plished,
accom-
fourth
find in books
little
in
or
acquire new
ignore them,
self-conceit,in
of
interpreting the printed
of the
vacuity,
use
taken
If the
child
the
in
course
credit
before, he begins
permitted
in
of
inheritance
in
legitimatelyas
this has
as
soon
things of
is
earn
the
obserAdng
every
properly
may
the
practice.
of the
subject.
of
to
answers
in
that
as
function
acquired by
very
reading by
prepared
find
by study and
course
mechanical
As
therefore, the
library properly
a
arise
public
educational
an
leading
a
is not
but
students
first
page.
be
for it may
English
as
such
libraries
other
systematic instruction
assigned
approve,
every
logicallya part
periods
those
and
use
that
thoughtful mind
Formal
chooses.
ability to
queries
by purchase,
or
to
should
The
of
myriads
if he
importance;
greatest
II
public
are
regarded
training of pupils
and
LIBRARY
THE
upon
library
should
of
USE
sufficient,there
draw
may
Every
means
TO
year,
ideas.
tion
men-
knowledge.
is
receiving
carelessness,in ineflS-
bluff.
If
the
teacher
LIBRARY
THE
12
teacher, with
months
at most
service
which
he is
; he is
he
pupils
relieve the teacher
of much
of his
be
which
the
world
and
pleasure and
advanced
to
enough
they
;
are
only
but
progress.
which
apparent.
the
overestimate
the
reference
blessed.
with
his
beyond
and
books
is
to
is
a
The
debihtating.
that
or
understanding
interest
usefulness
draw
there
are
ence
experi-
understanding
effort to learn
can
books
knowledge
without
without
student
learn
To
education.
satisfaction,from
The
works, with
appreciation
good
a
value
the
benefit,and, incidentally,
most
that
interest,and
profit;
upon
evidence
senseless
try his judgment
It is true
no
of
part
will receive
person
no
labor
been
habitually and
them
reading of weak
is
not
than
other
has
important
most
help themselves
impossible to
good books,
of the
A
to
the
success.
It would
most
of making
ability and
The
independently.
of the
promptness
others
himself, and
being deprived of the joy of doing and
discoveries
read
for
perform
to
few
a
learning to expect from
ought
the
on
but
associated
will be
he
whom
the
; then
dependence
in
pupil is receiving lessons
latter
the
simply gives the pupil explanations which
could find, and
ought to find,for himself
what.
some-
there
is little
or
will result in intellectual
of reference
works
for information
is
BOOKS
REFERENCE
students
and
books
helpful
Two
Study ;
and
How
Study.
to
books
But
reading.
of
unrelated
are
intended
there
are
the
his
travels, or
is
person
that
of
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important
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desired
word
passages
or
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bridging the
he refers
as
and
or
need
discovery
edge
knowl-
or
If he
is earnest
made
upon
advance,
which
the
which
form
it is
or
chasm
perhaps
meaning
contains
is to him
a
him
obliterates
makes
restoringthe
; hence
the
unbridged
an
book
in concise
chasm
he has
of
his
A
consult
intelligent
term,
impression
passage
bits
student,
to
every
some
the page,
on
information
of the
by
particular subject.
great blot
of
up
reading, his studies, his
confronted
discovery is that
or
continuous
choose
intercourse,
effectually blocks
which
that
a
for
real
information, which
may
understanding of
some
such
by
of
social
of
logicalor
of
made
some
of his
course
conscientious, the
and
intended
he
as
Art
Teaching
in
course
enlightenment
frequently
he lacks
of
the
subject,
In
a
loosely related
for
The
and
topics
describe
or
teachers
Books?
related
are
or
subject by
of
and
imagined events,
Study
to
Reference
treat
progressive order,
them.
How
are
for
subject
Hinsdale,
are,
McMurry,
What
Most
read
to
this
on
I3
a
passage.
reference
an
of
the
means
To
it
book.
LIBRARY
THE
14
reference
which
designed solely for
the
works
are
dictionaries, cyclopedias, gazetteers,
Among
are
atlases, directories,time-tables, and
concordances,
each
others.
The
indexed
that
any
with
least
possibledifficulty.
the
works
Those
and
Those
which
the
which
of
treat
Of
or
the
a
item
particularsubject
no
which
reading
admirably
adapted
especiallytrue
treatises,and
of
After
have
broader
examples.
special
are
dictionary
a
progressive study,
to
serve
for
advanced
Whether
are
This
works.
Their
by
the inclusion
books
depends
shall
the
on
value
be
use
garded
re-
that
of them.
the
devices
been
tasks
or
arrangements
mastered,
of
profitableways,
there
for
of
deciding
ing
find-
still remain
directingone's reading
and
quick
what
or
the
study
books
inquiries.
in
give
greatest promise of furnishing satisfactoryanswers
to
is
textbooks, of many
such
works
for
some
reference.
greatly enhanced
reference
intended
or
some
is
full indexes.
is made
fall
primarily
are
of all voluminous
for this purpose
as
tionarie
dic-
English
common
particularsubject
a
found
be
may
or
cyclopedia of agriculture,for example.
books
continuous
arranged
so
cyclopedias are
common
relate to
are
technical; in this class would
of music
of
particular
general; of this class the
are
or
of
contents
BOOKS
REFERENCE
and
Teachers
of
duty
of
welcome
"
The
on
"Accessions."
for
should
reading and
be taken.
books
But
for
few
a
positivelyindispensable;
the
as
buy them
to
means
Reference
books
themselves
students
make
and
little
will observe
for such
teachers
or
no
that
use
school
ought
creased
inthe
as
collection
by
perfectly accessible
to
all times.
of
will
a
If the
the
them,
students
alert
principal
investigatethe
vicinity.
Some
expensive
or
to
reasons
than
funds
to
to make
prompt
that
books,
reference
be
may
to
an
use
buy
them
always
to
in
especially
It is better
undue
for the
be
to
amount
school
remembered
consult
from
the
very
reading and
in
them
limited
hbrary.
that, when
taught, the pupils find increasingpleasure and
in
able
profit-
pretentious works, belong particularly
public library.
there
be
public Ubrary
of any
use
It is
are
be
may
in
kept
are
fact and
of reference
develops, and
be
at
between
neglect.
Every
in the
they
and
available.
become
should
where
"
reference,the former
number
for them
need
made
books
the
in the
to
of Books
be
must
or
might
use,
referred
or
the
purchase,
for
Physical Forms
choice
If
for
students
suggestions given
the
paragraphs
works
to
any
with
charged
are
selectingreference
recommending
books
who
others
15
consulting
rightly
faction
satis-
references.
1
6
THE
in
Only
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and
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The
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idea
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to
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for the
He
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which
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meet,
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value.
reader, in
purpose
to
of the
without
to
on
other.
the index
to
the
states
that, if known
matters
for
at
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any
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usually not
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particulartopics.
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It is the
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of contents
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Reperences
table
of matter
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If
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improved
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LIBRARY
more
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These
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precious to
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Arabic
numerals,
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The
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THE
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table of contents
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topics
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book
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CONTENTS
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The
Such
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table
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It is
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Most
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t)^ical works, therefore,
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of
REFERENCES
combination
a
are
a
Two
of contents
or
key
a
one
FINDING
page
contents,
here
when
of its character
whether
of
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and
it includes
l8
LIBRARY
THE
Observe
Examples:
of Contents
following books
in the
Griffis,The
Hygiene;
Introduction
Pioneers
man,
THE
Complementary
index.
This
which
either
works
most
the
book
the
index
place is
and
most
significantword
exactly where
includes
The
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to
One
end
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plete
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to
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book.
size
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of the
cyclopedia
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of
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of
page
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alphabetic arrangement
Its usual
every
World.
INDEX
to
an
indicates
treated.
Not
is
Life; Hudson,
in the New
of France
nization;
Colo-
of Literature; Park-
Study
the
to
Brewer, Rural
American
Intellectual
The
Table
of the
:
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Romance
Hamerton,
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contain
The
of
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table
course
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in relation
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it is compara-
LIBRARY
THE
20
Introduction
An
Hudson,
Study;
World;
Short
Method
Roark,
Topical
of
in fore part
Index
in back
Concordance
part.)
Taking
Taking
is
Teachers
advice
the
In
profitablyspend
may
first
place, notes
; and
the memory
should
subject
this
on
be
the
If at all
of the
to
for
this
written
with
in
student
and
the
in
their
only
giving
charge.
aid
an
as
the
memory,
formulate
purpose
to
divided
to
fuUer
recognize
brief
a
a
each
phrase
"notes."
sentences
topic
title for
or
parts by
into
It should
related
aU
be
as
the
he
aim
reads
it, perhaps using
from
titles in their consecutive
condensed
subjects,
minor, and
some
degree.
some
of most
treatment
logicallybe
major and
other
under
useful
the poorer
cultivate.
to
little time
a
those
are
extended, the
topics, some
each
to
elsewhere,
notes.
perhaps all,may
to
lectures,or
finds desirable
the student
that
art
an
tained
ob-
suggestions
or
library,from
the
from
Notes
information
of
notes
States;
United
Quotations. (Observe
last named
book, and
Cyclopedia of Practical
Hoyt,
A
Thorpe,
Education;
in
History of the
Constitutional
in the New
of France
Pioneers
Literature; Parkman,
Study of
the
to
the
text.
The
order, interspersed
direct
quotations,
Properly prepared,
these
stitute
con-
present
TAKING
skeleton
the
Skill
and
of the book
rounded
be
to
in
into
It is advised
of the
the
the
on
sheet, the minor
words
should
abbreviated.
is
a
is
schools
formal
record
to
of
writing it
the notebook
character
Notes
which
arranged
may
of the
a
have
been
is
used
required
quite
in
different
some
pose.
pura
research, experimentation
such
of
evidence
a
the
securely in
more
work
be
may
stenography
Formulating
it
figures
literary completeness
is material
be
of
understanding
fixes
out
and
right
preserving them.
for
individual
clearer
a
the
others
some
making
with
illustration.
of the
in the size of sheets
of note
is intended
margins
All non-essential
knowledge
filingand
in
furnishes
and
and
little
kind
a
which
It
And
A
convenience
There
leads
omitted, and
tions
rela-
ing
arrang-
edge
to
Letters
be
by
left
the
purpose.
helpful. Uniformity
often
from
above.
same
the
little farther
a
items
for the
be used
may
items
major
that
so
page
the eye
to
distances
varying
at
the
indicated
topicsbe
tice.
prac-
practicable,the
that, wherever
notes
be
than
complete composition.
text, in formulating topics,
the
analyzing
discourse,later,perhaps,
or
full and
a
21
selectingstrikingphrases, is gained by
in
shall
NOTES
record
subject,
memory.
of the extent
done.
carefully collected
indexed, and
in themselves
and
may
become
of
valuable
a
intend
later
Suppose
as
daily
They
Notes
may
this
may
or
museum
with
the
At
for
be
part
be
added,
the
of
or
work,
of
historic
outside
a
of
record
selected
the
or
illustrated
and
ture
lec-
abstract
an
of
account
an
textbook.
teacher
An
course.
the
place
some
the
as
a
interest
visit
of
to
a
connected
study.
the
bound
lecture
in
phases
important
the
by
constitute
done,
teacher
the
by
cussions
dis-
students,
other
exercises
as
providing
work
assigned
of
done
besides
work,
of
notes
of
abstracts
contain
supphed
that
takes
He
work.
tory
his-
in
course
a
contributed
references
on
class
end
of
the
notes,
a
simply
as
and
basis
evidence
of
the
term,
The
together.
as
use
of
students
by
way
use
questions
material
expansion
to
may
the
by
this
courses
special subject.
a
reference
class.
in
in
wishes
permanent
a
additional
an
teach
to
Whole
of reference.
compiled
student
a
raised
or
work
been
have
study
who
and
LIBRARY
THE
22
whole
reference
a
of
new
a
notes
is
course,
of
as
work
collected
class
course,
notes,
piece
are
notes,
available
reference,
weU
done.
for
or
INDISPENSABLE
REFERENCE
BOOKS
Let
the
of
accent
be
words
watched
and
but
closely
be
meaning
watched
closely
and
still,
their
let
;
;
fewer
will
do
the
work.
more
A
few
words
well
chosen
and
distinguished,
will
do
that
work
a
thousand
when
cannot,
fxmction
of
is
every
acting,
in
equivocally,
one
another.
John
"
Ruskin.
the
By
far
the
work
which
most
important
children
of
out
while
and
it.
he
which
is
on
and
fully
are
TO
is
of
diminished.
high shelf,
conscientious
and
should
dictionary
the
voluntary
If
it is
it may
almost
within
he
easy
OF
in
as
well
sits down
25
so
tributing
con-
for
reader
and
people
extent
of
the
dictionary.
THE
it
another
feel
reach
been
to
DICTIONARY
if
easily accessible;
of
use
will
student
casual
modern
be
kept
subjects
something
and
USE
THE
of
precious
well-informed
large
a
of
have
wise,
get
companion
contains
variety
the
within
results, if, when
dictionary
It
in
they
storehouse
men
first
increase
more
constant
among
ENCOURAGE
not,
the
studious
even
aware
The
I.
they
number
generations.
contained
matter
HOW
and
Few
a
infinite
old, simple
specialist.
is
It
is the
It
more
student's
an
observing
young
the
reading.
for
the
understanding
It
is
and
ence
refer-
single general
dictionary.
English
use,
information
the
DICTIONARY
is the
knowledge
it
THE
be
better
to
that
wUl
be
room
greatly
or
hidden.
on
Every
satisfied
read, he
he
can
a
has
with
the
consult
26
INDISPENSABLE
it with
little effort.
in the
pupil
board.
more
first instance.
A
small
gratifyingto lazy
or
the
work
is
school
the
consulting the
of
the
ient
conven-
the
unsatisfactory, and
less
habit
early form
to have
usually find
wiU
or
when
size, and
provided by
one
students
dictionaries
should
more
larger
a
is for each
in his personal
have
to
inadequate,
proves
Advanced
smaller
in
book
to
access
grades
plan
dictionary of medium
a
this smaller
ideal
almost
An
elementary
outfit
BOOKS
REFERENCE
larger
book
reference
tired muscles, but
a
is
prehensive
com-
satisfying to alert, inquiring
more
minds.
is
dictionary should
The
2.
A
repulsive.
The
3.
which
notes
chair
A
use.
the
student
should
be
light.
To
volume,
it
on
and
use
4.
the
or
chairs
for the
carry
lap
to
while
A
kept
it and
any
may
have
be
it
on
table
a
other
books
occasion
provided
distance, and
consulting it,is
regard
direction
to
to
to
that
so
discomfort, and
strength and
some
dirty book
attract.
inquiring pupil
lift
of the
heavy
a
then
to
hold
discourage its
jeopardize its safety.
use
of
the
directly,positively
for
be
should
no
clean.
should
student
oblige an
The
enough
both
suffer
may
had
to
his
hold
to
book
should
dictionary
large enough
or
reference
be
a
teacher
dictionary
and
to
should
systematically.
say,
"There
it
be
taught
It
is
is;
use
not
it if
28
does
one
often."
indecision
and
holds
of
steadilyto
one
but, if its
being
matter
dislike
stead
in-
task
a
tition
repe-
which
with
it
begun.
was
The
7.
from
impulse
within.
?
set
does
both
and
performing
?
does
The
8.
Every
of his
individual
own.
specialinterest
ownership.
This
and
he
books
for
Or
to look
ent
independ-
from
the
trol
con-
thereby
gladly
his
to
discard
of his
lectual
intel-
the
tionary
dic-
training must
this standard.
from
one
absolutelyindispensableat
standard
Is he
and
?
what
warrants,
have
the
in it will arise
is
is need
adding
should
Aside
tiative
ini-
own
conscientiouslycontinue
success
ultimately be judged by
?
passes
occasion
duty
pleasure, or
forever
he
as
a
if there
he
come
understanding
look
to
does
habits
his
on
else to tell him
When
master,
act
OAvn
study
where
dependent?
studious
his
gauge
somebody
when
of the
student
intensive
to
dictionary should
the
use
the
he
he expect
or
his
to
Does
Does
himself
for, and
a
as
of
course.
agreeable duty,
an
as
only intensifythe
may
desirable
imposed
be
use
forth
set
a
mind
the
dictionary is largelya
of the
frequent use
habit;
of
by simple repetition,
It is formed
rightly regulated, it relieves
and, when
The
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
reference
all
a
ary
good diction-
convenience
from
book
times, and
reading,
the
it should
of
sense
which
with
form
a
it,
of
is
few
the
DICTIONARY
THE
nucleus
of
collection
a
that
FINDING
using
In
spends
he is
without
in
five minutes
able
to be
wasting time and
the
name
findinga
the thumb
thumb
which
on
page
the
down
the thumb
This
letter at
the
the
The
the
front
edge
two
next
bottom
second
and
of the
should
plainly printed
pupils
tested.
vices,
de-
two
are
a
at
exact
is shown
by
diagonal
By pressing
opening
the
the
row
The
the
the
the
observed
the
of
word
book.
and
word
the book
beginning
includes
be
for
be
in two
book.
saves
first
the
which
begins
finds
once
that
guide words.
by
of the
step in the search
words
there
series which
time
ought
he
acquired only by
letter and
at
user
saves
top of the
the top
initial series
particularinitial
sought.
should
be
can
and
the proper
on
abilityof
alphabet arranged
place,the
that
the
each
pupil
a
convenience, the
order
arrangement
an
letters of the
rows
at
is
index
the
; and
rapidly in
index
which
For
the user's assistance
For
If
seconds, it is obvious
Expertness in findingwords
practice.
first
must
time.
word
energy.
is used
letters
of
waste
to in ten
to turn
alphabetic order
the
a
WORDS
dictionary,particularwords
a
found, and
to
into
finallygrow
may
library.
fine
be
29
The
one
and
at
membered.
re-
is to observe
top
of
each
the
listed
and
page
given
the
whether
the
to
determine
found
is to be
word
treated
to
it is easy
these
From
it.
on
guides
as
serve
so
right. They
the
on
the last words
first and
respectivelythe
show
on
left,the other
the
on
one
page,
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
30
words
the
on
page.
SPELLING
Capitals; Hyphens
varies
Usage
Proper
as
a
rule
rule,begin with
is often
there
the
When
dictionary.
and
nouns
The
forms
correct
of past
student
has
chapter
"
sketch,
certain
classes
Present
than
Observations
the
dictionary
verbs.
the
interested
national
Inter-
New
in the
includes
which
"Rules
", and
sanctions
usage
parts
sidered
con-
special
historical
a
for
spelling
of words."
usage
former
is
that
The
to
access
orthography,
on
forms
irregularplurals of
of
be
Dictionary wiU
the
doubt,
in
more
one
first.
participlesof
who
applying
or
given, the
preferable is placed
the
in
two
them,
from
When
uncertainty.
approved spellingare
indicates
but
capitals;
words.
certain
spellingof
the
adjectives derived
and
names
consult
of
to
as
of
words
did.
fewer
The
compound
or
to
write
hyphenated
tendency
words
the
is to
into
parts
words
bine
com-
sohd,
as
hyphenated
un-
separate
DICTIONARY
THE
words.
for
both
the correct
heavy and
hyphens
of any
The
consulting
In
are
word
merely
are
Words
those
to
tionary
Dic-
hj^hens, observe
are
given.
actually to
be
syllables
marks.
accent
used
in
that
light
The
such
separate
separated by
not
are
only h3^hens
word
of
use
International
New
Hght hyphens
used
as
the
31
writing a
printed in heavy type.
for observation
or
practice:
bedtick
wall
birdseed
war
bloodhound
water
bookstore
pig iron
jack-in-the-pulpit
earring
mince
brother-in-law
shopkeeper
cabbage
silversmith
bay
bobwhite
market
fishhook
sea
baseball
basket
waterfowl
water
millstone
mUl
battlefield
cave
paper
water-logged
horse
mock-heroic
mill
middle-aged
pie
head
to-day
window
broken-down
place
post-office
boot-tree
rover
ball
ten-strike
bull's-eye
cress
make-beHeve
pond
battle-ax
men
PRONUNCIATION
If
a
person
is to
regarding
must
have
accurate
the
consult
the
dictionary
pronunciation
knowledge
of
of
the
gently
intelli-
words,
he
elemental
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
32
sounds
they
which
of
also
must
the
know
and
syllables,
position of
the voice
or
of which
the
is
vocal
These
an
vowels.
the
As
also called
called
are
letters
The
vowel
preceded
and
of
degree
vocal
other
sounds
or
with
As
obstruction
but
a
is
vowel
sonant
the
word
vowel,
to
and
the
sound
is
denote
or,
simply,
be
of
are
or
mediatel
im-
preceded
both
formed
to
word.
the
generally are,
with
some
lips, the
tongue
known
consonant
sound
; hence
so
with
both
letter which
hardly
practicallyalways
means
are
larynx.
as
or
consonants.
sound
consonant
uses
are
the
These
organs.
; it is used
voice
by
the
careful
two
that
from
should
followed,
followed, by sounds
in
of
basis
them
be, and
or
impulse
an
represent
which
may
accent.
sounds
vowel
these
sounds
He
into
proceeding
located
vowels, the student
distinguish between
the
is
sound
(vocal hps)
cords
of words
impulses, the
of such
sonorous
open
sounds
word
a
ear,
succession
a
the
Syllables
into
the
perceived by
of
represented.
division
correct
Division
As
is
each
the correct
and
composed,
are
which
printed symbol by
BOOKS
uttered
the
sounding).
ever
name
a
the
word
certain
represents
sonant
con-
kind
it.
of
A
given separately,
in connection
{con,means
with
with
;
DICTIONARY
THE
vowel
A
sound
sounds
consonant
of the
voice
sound, but
in
Listen
used
the
to
the bases
as
has
vocal
division
to
effort
to
the
the
a
divide
the
printer finds
aloud, the
student
help
convenient
for this purpose
about
of which
Of
correct
the
course
one
of which
the
is the
there
in
when
the
particularlywhen,
as
to
wishes
to
word.
The
learn
dictionary;
mere
of
and
of
sion
occa-
all;
at
word
to
and
to
nounce
promost
consult
know
the
at
in reading
how
best
must
sounds
little
the writer
a
untrained
pronunciation
word
divide
elemental
are
with
is little
printed
or
intelligentlyone
letters
the
usually learned
it desirable
unfamiliar
an
has
some
syllablesarises
line,and
a
is
written
the
of
of which
cessive
suc-
syllablesis easily perceptible
into
Ordinarily
with
difficulty
end
word
and
ear
a
but
or
of
imitation.
by
the
note
as
(consonants).
passage
The
as
words,
obstructions
by
marked
e
syllables.
of illustrative
(vowel), and
sound
strongly
also
vowel
a
of separate
impulses of the voice, each
are
is called
letters,like final silent
pronunciation
sonorous
and
impulse
or
word
a
copper, contradict,perpendicular, and
open,
vowel
effort
one
syllable
every
vowel
not
with
of
pronunciation of
Almost
some
ride^are
combination
a
uttered
in the
syllable.
a
or
33
it
thing
some-
language,
signs.
person
every
guesses
unfamiliar
at
the
word
he
34
INDISPENSABLE
happens
to
incorrect
ways
and
see;
correct
one
REFERENCE
of
chances
understanding this, or
with
exposing
his lack
in the New
and
"Rides
Writing
of
Not
hesitatingly
un-
result
of
hstener.
every
Guide
"A
see
only
ventures
tion,"
Pronuncia-
to
Dictionary,p. xxxviii,
Syllabic Division
the
Print,"
or
training to
is
against him.
inevitable
almost
the
several
there
caring, he
International
for
usually
are
are
not
study,
further
For
there
as
pronouncing it,while
the
way,
BOOKS
of
Words
in
p. lix.
Accent
is the
Accent
word
the
over
is manifested
increase
one
by stress, or
the
relative
of
duration,
degrees of
force
of
by
or
a
Every
least
at
accent
be
may
primary
secondary
(marked
immediately
follow
either
'
or
the
Every spoken word
has
at
accent.
least
In
one
many
")"
of
The
of
syllable.
distinguished in
but
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three
they
or
late.
re-
syllable
one
primary,
')
marks
accent
than
more
or
than
more
syllables to which
syllable with
words
of two
accented
one
all
as
creases
in-
voice, which
word
many),
classed
a
prominence
combination
polysyllables {poly means
are
syllableof
one
loudness, by higher pitch, by
elements.
syllablecontains
Various
to
adjacent syllables. This
of these
more
prominence given
or
heavy,
syllables and
in
particularsound
stand.
of
Dictionary ; the important marks
International
New
that
system
for
Americans
the
Obviously,
used
systems
been
three
generations
printed
words.
It
illustrative
for
is followed
in
accordingly
taken.
who
the
win
happens
to
hoped
for reference
in this
the
a
one
publisherswill
study,
given
large one
of the New
Though
each
as
necessary
himself
Standard
in the
one
on
cannot
to
choose
that
which
Dictionary is
that
reader
every
wiU
recognize
and
he
that
ing
clearer understanda
phonetic
be
to
can
chart
at
hand
fore part
class.
As
the
The
system
xxxviii)consists
in letter forms
be
for
ary,
of his diction-
for the
request.
one
easilycopy
Dictionary (seepage
marks, it
nunciatio
pro-
expensive printed
be written
can
send
an
student
partly of modifications
diacritical
a
the
to
system
to
or
consults, if he
he
pronunciation)ought
to
system
here, and
study
system.
own
(guideor key
or
the
desirable
different
a
this
helped by
of his
is not
It is
kinds.
many
International
New
use
of
phonic basis of all systems,
common
be
is
been
have
references
purposes
the
and
learn
which
books
any
is to understand
one
should
student
all -educated
to
books
reference
in the
of
famiKar
have
in
incorporated
in
in Webster's
used
one
letters
systems
numerous
are
is the
known
best
The
use.
certain
for which
sounds
or
present there
At
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
36
instead
of
readily transcribed
DICTIONARY
THE
with
pen
or
an
exhaustive
in
the
It is not
crayon.
of
study
better
chart;
each
results
of
practical knowledge
by drillingon
advisable
as
will
obtained
be
it appears
elements
number
of
make
to
element
all the
sufficient
a
37
if
a
is secured
miscellaneous
words.
The
fundamental
It will be the student's
aim
character
exactly represent
in this way
be
and
the
reversed, the
form
dictionary promptly suggests
the
study
This
distinct
the
has
the
further
and
utterance
It is of
language.
correctly,
the
sponding
corre-
It is
shall
only by
later the process
printed
to
sound.
sign which
eye.
that, when
each
make
to
phonetic
or
it to
elemental
produce
to
distinguish it readily
to
is the
thing
given
as
correct
preserving
course
well
to
comes
in
the
oral form.
of
advantages
ciation
asso-
inducing
purity
the
begin
with
of
the
simplest elements.
oj
Names
(For complete
"
in
Common
Most
list see
tables
Diacritical
in
"
Guide
Marks
ciation
to Pronun-
dictionary)
circumflex
dot
.
macron
breve
two
modified
-
w
dots
""
macron
cedilla
tilde
"
~
38
REFERENCE
rSDISPEXSABLE
Vowel
Long
letters
other
and
soimds
"
for which
therefore
called the
it stands
other
sounds
by
a
of
macron
vowel
caUed
long
sounds
should
be
marked
occur,
for
example,
In
each, the
name
letters
sound
of
With
name
is
another.
one
the
a
little
initial y
thing, the
for
is indicated
It
The
a.
do
e, i, o,
or
They
u.
the
and
letter and
The
same.
clearly observed
more
or
second
so-
they
so
mete, mite, mote
are
example,
longer than
no
they
the
sound
commonly,
soimds
when
consonants
This is
letter, as
it stands
is
letter,a, and
same.
name
of
name
vowel
letter.
same
in the words
just
paragraphs
more
or,
the
y
32.
the
similarly,as
an
Take,
the
also, and
m
in use, in which
the
see
reaUy
represent
for which
sound
it is
over
other
mute.
between
are
sound,
name
and
w
of the five
one
of the first
name
long sound, though
some
the
sounds,
ate, the
the somid
the
for
All the
u.
that
except
Syllables,"page
into
In the word
i, 0, and
e,
distinction
the
consonant
Division
on
a,
they stand
For
mentioned.
are
Sounds
consonants,
are
when
vowels
are
letters
vowel
The
BOOKS
1
sound
it is
tected.
be de-
different; the
it stands
the
may
word
for is
make;
quite
the
of the first letter is
it stands
em, but the sound
for is that part of the word
before
which
occurs
name
THE
the
vowel
the
lipsand
Each
sound
which
through the
nose.
letter may
stand
for different
sounds
with
while
letter stands
for
diacritical
Following
therefore
few
are
a
few
distinctly,
giving
than
with
Others
the eye
sound
needs
word
words
with
study
Pronounce
the
by word
and
for
rather
ear
produce each
indicate
marks
it
needed.
as
which
represent
k sound
in make
by the
no
sound,
canceled.
kuh, but
toward
; then
letters,i.e. those
of breath
consonant
therefore
added.
attention
in succession
(i) Observe
nor
be
may
letter,adding diacritical
be
may
only, and
miscellaneous
each
correct
ing
distinguish-
mark.
practice.
Silent
it needs
exceptions each
sound
one
and
elemental
produced by closing
is
sound
words, and
marks,
no
and
39
directingthe
vowel
in different
DICTIONARY
that
is
the
simply
following the
the
correctly it
back
is
of
slightoutburst
a
closure
the
of the
mouth.
voiceless,while
the
is not
or
explosion
vocal
Wh.en
sounds
kay
passage
produced
of
m
and
a
voiced.
are
apple"
when
is
sounds
a
The
The
outburst
The
first sound
aspirate.
the whole
word
is
is that
(5) Listen
of
bug.
it is not
Note
is
is silent.
a
slight
of the vocal
voiceless
breathing
mere
the
and
last sound
or
as
duh.
the
only
voiced
last sound
that
the word
as
has
the
word
only
one
lu'er.
Vowel
series of vowel
Each
a
It is not
the
carefullyto
sounds, is illustrated
and
and
0.
Short
Another
is
I is silent
lure is pronounced.
syllable;
is
Other
carefullyto
spoken.
a
It
s.
in hide
Listen
(4) In folks, the
sound
The
closure
following the
buh.
nor
tuh, but
nor
are/, h, k, p, and
consonants
pure
te
is
sounds.
lips closed
the
by the tip of the tongue.
passage
(3)
is not
of breath
he
produce alone.
difficult to
final sound
with
e
letters,but
four
in beat is not
made
sound
final
The
only three elemental
contains
first sound
voiced
somewhat
contains
jars only
or
produced.
are
printed word
The
spoken word
(2)
it vibrates
that
is indicated
corresponding vowel,
as
Sounds
sounds, the so-called
in the
a, e,
words
by
i,6,
short
bag, beg, big,bog
a
u.
.
"Adam's
of the
side
each
at
observe
the voiced
silent.
the
and
throat
difference, place the
the
detect
To
the
fingerson
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
40
breve
over
the
DICTIONARY
THE
Illustrative words
forms
and
the
41
corresponding phonetic
:
(4)
ham
ham
box
get (i)
get
exist
(5)
eg-zist'
jump
jump
cape
(6)
kap
bridge (i)
brij
race
lint
lint
toque (7)
ring (2)
ring
we
ii]k
quest
vest
yet (10)
yet
zon
by (11)
bi
noz
hymn
(2)
ink
(3)
vest
zone
(3)
nose
(i) It
g has
different
latter
the
desire
of
observed
mark
which
the
is the
the
xxxvii.
(2)
Listen
is not
The
can
be
identity.
for the
(9)
kwest
(12)
and
Guide
silent letters
that
in ng
The
we
same
in the latter
soimd.
case.
also that
Note
who
respeU-
bri"ig^.See
tables
Prommciation,"
canceled.
have
test
in ink the
the
"soft,"
without
to
are
bridge the
Persons
in
two
ring;
it
letters
of this is that
indefinitely prolonged without
Observe
him
the
j sound.
representing a singlesound.
it
we
carefully to the first sound
Observe
ur.
"
tok
in get and
get and
in
ras
(8)
pronmiciation
words
phonetic symbols
page
that
(6)
soimds, the "hard"
indicate
to
ing may
of
will be
boks
n
losing its
alone
stands
distinguishingmark
INDISPENSABLE
42
(3) Compare
the
former
latter it is
sound
of
is
case,
(4)
See
box is
In
printed word
Nose
of another,
that
has
combination
different
may
be
of the
this
in
as
; in
in exist the
in box.
those
In
voiced.
pairs are
the
same.
marked
of
and
which
letters.
The
they
note
observe
the
less
voice-
are
positions
vocal
sound
Without
of
i.
sounds
two
of c,
regularly represented by
are
a
quite
are
voiced
See
for
stands
box, both
The
x.
race,
also
x
gz, but
sounds,
are
(6) In cape
the
sounds.
that
is sometimes
bination
com-
a
Though
sounds, ks.
exist,both
for both
for
stands
only three letters the spoken word
of two
from
(x) which
separate
elemental
four
both
for
the
substitution
The
i.
letter
a
(5) Observe
X
note
in
sound;
z.
In
nose.
common.
of two
has
in vest and
s
sound, that of
letter
one
of
hissing, voiceless
a
voiced
a
nos^.
marked
sounds
the
it is
BOOKS
REFERENCE
respeUing, they
be
may
other
marked
"eap^and rag^.
(7)
it
Observe
word
(8) The
or
00
does.
always
The
in
as
that
a
last
The
in
we
would
very
by listeningto
k sound.
letters
two
here
semivowel.
wood, but is
for the
This
sUent.
are
toq]4^.
be marked
may
w
q stands
be classed
It is much
brief,as
the
like
as
00
the learner
distinct
and
a
nant
conso-
in food
wiU
natural
or
ceive
per-
pro-
Other
Illustrative
(i)
The
neither
short
e
(e).
It
is not
in
and
It
positions.
the
how
of
the
It
in
a
it is not
(3) The
a
(a), but
the
Any
to
try
a
in
a
to
the
is
a
predominates
is often
imitate
if
and
fails with
manner
it without
in
in
in
sound
several
called
between
compromise
well
natural
and
vowel
Italian
vowel
passage
easy
sound
common
perfect
a
musical
most
fare, it is often
cultured
of
it he should
vocal
in very
in task is neither
a
pupil who
the
very
is
ark
with
languages, and, indeed,
but
prolongation
a
to pronounce
organs
is the
language.
(a),
short
easily described,
be
produced
with
to
;
knows.
sound
it is
that
open
who
one
The
sure
forms
long (a) nor
fare is neither
cannot
a
phonetic
their
and
quite equivalent
some
(2)
oj
Sounds
is it
the student
ask
words
in
a
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
44
other
Italian
a,
English.
a
(a) nor
short
them.
Like
incorrectly pronounced.
these
of
should
listen
pronouncing
affectation.
The
intently
them
power
and
to
THE
hear
DICTIONARY
be cultivated
correctlymust
to
reproduce correctly. The
an
old song
furnishes
There
that
task
(4)
and
The
task
sound
that
6rb,
so
two
letters
here,
word
I, page
(5) The
sound
from
The
word
be
may
any,
(7) There
the
is
syllables,with
or
obscure
a
the
of
in
0
have
we
cases,
Without
smajl'. See
marked
is hke
was
was.
stands
e
for
as
that
of
described
no
in note
distinctive
incHnation
little effort
to
a
4.
sound,
those
as
in
sounds, which
the
unaccented
possible.
novice, in
is liable to miss.
pronounce,
in which
they
as
occur.
in
the
utter
establishingas reputable certain
words
hot,
.
general
to
in
0
(e)
particularly
it is best
entire
in
marked
effort to be accurate,
of them
be
that
sound.
same
sound
a
a
sounds,
in
is like
other
the
but for that of short
resulted
in small
may
of
is different
vowel
away.
41.
and
(6) In
dance, sir ;
care
in many
as
practice:
be avoided.
to
a
from
chance, sir,
representing the
respelling,the
note
dull
the power
as
France, sir,
to
Httle
are
of
of
for
how
gave
drive
To
"
Both
knew
only
And
king
a
well
as
following stanza
material
was
Who
45
This
has
shortened
his
In the
very
study
conversation,
The
pronun-
46
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
lead
may
sounds
of
long
52.)
modified
word
then
occur
In
arise, the
somewhat
dot
a
sound
sound, but
The
a.
In
senit.
even
from
to
a
is characteristic
is further
both
the
sound
e,
of
which
slighted enunciation
of
cellar,c has
c
as
the
sound
ried
hurmore
so-called
breve
above
and
represented by
is uttered
the
only
short
slighted.
or
its
sound
with
the
italic
a
in
e
with
a
slightedor
to
is
a.
roman
shortened
the
italic
relation
is not
a
its
task, but
also
an
an
short
sound
by
both
by
of
in
a
resembling
its close
indicated
by
indicated
and
the
accuse,
to
thus
(a) thus showing
above
indicate
sound
like
is indicated
sound
enunciation
In
is almost
obscured,
The
distinct
vowel
of the
or
the
generations pass.
as
river.
by senat,
changes in language forms
fundamental
many
senet
alphabetic order
This
thongs,
diph-
on
ordinary conversation
In
a.
change
the
when
ation
indicating the slighted enunci-
practicallybecomes
i.
ends
a
is indicated
sound
The
long
often
to
long
which
with
macron
the
Observe
:
deliberately. (See paragraph
page
such
exactly long, as it lacks the
is not
a
(e) sound
e
it is uttered
of
illustrated
pose
pur-
Four
mispronunciation.
to
here
are
a
In senate, the
the
syllablesfor this
of separate unaccented
ciation
final
BOOKS
It is
(a)
to
its relation
the
roman
once.
of s, and
only
one
/ is
THE
The
sounded.
it is
a
equivalent
paragraph.
marked
to
silent,nor
e, which
Without
47
is it Italian
is discussed
respelling,the
word
a
(a);
in another
may
be
fel^ar.
Illustrative
forms:
is not
DICTIONARY
Words
for
Other
Sounds
words
and
Practice
of
e
corresponding phonetic
48
(i)
There
sounds
of
clearly distinguish the
in
appear
the
the
is used
to
a, i and
are
A
o
distinction
(2) The
long
followed
by
is to be
made
in
euent
first
e
It is almost
e.
that
of
thus
producing
This
is indicated
modified
is used
u
and
u
to
obscure
them
by marking
to
(i).
i
to
of
serve
Ob-
slight the
syllables,
form
with
of
u.
form
short
usage
e
syllables.
in unaccented
or
be
may
shortened
a
good
vowels
long
a
between
is
first
symbol
in unaccented
r
equivalent
it is considered
enunciation
of them.
the modified
("^).
macron
(3)
the
Observe
that
full short
of
it is
It
is
sound
which
In
or
the
Equivalents
heavier.
second,
the
e
The
many.
represent the first,or lighter;
represent
e
puzzled
has
It
perceived.
Both
syllable,
of
sounds
these
between
difference
second
accenting the
syllable Hghtly and
not
other.
uttering
pervert. By
word
in
may
ear
the
from
one
syllables
mono-
other
the
untrained
syllables. The
unaccented
in
r, one
syllables,and
accented
and
by
it is followed
where
e
slightly different
but
similar
two
are
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
in recent
sound
of e, but
shghted almost
printed in
from
italic
that
of
is indicated
general, the
by
use
the second
to
to
short
a
roman
that
the
e
the
is not
enimciation
point of
omission.
distinguish this
e
in
accented
letter
obscure
syllables,
with
of italic letters in
given
a
breve.
representing
THE
elemental
of the
(4)
sounds
Without
two
of ng
form
hissing or
form
so
a
and
another
be
may
there
digraph.
bar
The
(aspirate)
th, as
n
marked
represent
(vocalized)th
voiced
is marked
to
accordingly.
but
across
guish
distin-
in thin.
represents
digraph representing
The
a
the
letters
voiceless
hushing sound.
Other
Illustrative
:
a
in
that, in English,
Words
forms
th
the voiceless
Observe
sound
sh
letters
is to indicate
it from
(6)
ing
obscur-
an
signifies
respelling,eight
sound, and
them
in this system
49
sound.
(5) The
one
DICTIONARY
words
for Practice
Sounds
and
of
i
corresponding phonetic
(i) In
of
e
and
(2)
In
which
the
u
study of sir and
in note
forms
them.
two
the
the
French, in
for this letter.
Sounds
and
the discussion
of
o
corresponding phonetic
:
(i)
that
words
see
of i is from
regular sound
Other
Illustrative
elixir
48.
i, page
police the sound
it is the
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
so
When
properly given, the
of neither
The
6
mark
6, but
nor
used
just given, (*).
is
sound
of
is intermediate
a
combination
0
in
softis
between
of
the
Other
Illustrative
forms
corresponding phonetic
the
and
u
(4)
fuU
between
on
(3)
66)
fool
the
The
marking
study of
urn,
rude,
distinction
the
see
sounds
name
of
fied
significanceof the modiof the
in unite.
u
the discussion
see
of
u
and
48.
the
Note
and
the
Note
38.
i, page
indicated
=
rood
shghtly different
two
phonetic form
(4)
(u
00)
the
in the
in note
=
unite
macron
In
(u
studying
page
(2)
sur'kws
(4)
rude
In
urn
(3)
circus
(i)
ti-nit'
(i)
(2)
urn
e
words
of
Sounds
:
unite
u
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
52
significanceof
the
italic
in
u
the
of circus.
pronunciation
without
of
rude
and
and
respelHng by rud)?^
Words
full
may
be
full.
for Practice
pure
buU
bum
inure
usefiil
intrude
furl
humorous
Diphthongs
A
diphthong
is
in
one
pronounced
i in ice
(a + e).
a
combination
syllable;
of two
vowel
as, oi in oil ,
ou
sounds
in out,
THE
similar
A
combination
{= tsh)
ch
(= hw)
in
in
white,
of wh
in
rush
a
The
h is
h and
the
The
the
called
w
be noted
na'chur
and
is
as,
with
connecting
indicates
a
diphthong.
the
in
t
or
Notice
d
are
it
na't3mr, though
conversation;
vur'jur
In
the
indicated
with
has
connection
familiar
are
or
pronounced te'di-us
is
nature
sound
Examples
this
In
wag.
conversation.
slightedor
h.
(or y)
i
following vowel
a
standards
na'tur,vur'dur.
out
silent,though both
vur'dyur, though
the
precedes
thrown
as
"consonantal"
te'jus;
double
nunciatio
pro-
represented by the
that tedious is to be
is
thongs.
diph-
so.
of the
in familiar
these
is
wh
in the
of h
regarded
it is not
allowable
verdure
allowable
bar
which
y), yard,
=
be
may
impure
an
consonantal
that
as
and
queen,
white, the sound
almost
ted'yus, not
or
fact
combination
genius {i
may
curious
word
are
semivowel
been
the
aspirate;
w
in
as
of breath
an
{= kw)
known
in
sounds,
consonant
are
as
The
w.
S3
of
chair, qu
Observe
that of
DICTIONARY
the
also
ary
diction-
by
a
following
that the modified
less marked
is
sound
of
tie
u,
macron
long
u.
Digraphs
A
digraph
indicate
a
is
a
combination
single simple sound
thin, sh in she, ng in sing.
of two
letters used
; as, th in
to
this,th in
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
54
BOOKS
Glides
pronouncing
In
sounds, the voice
elemental
the
positionof
sounds
the
to
ought
or
are,
be detected
can
that
which
sounds
and
by
example,
in
sound
h to
sound
to
the
as
so
indicate
exactly and
to
at
the
the
or
of intermediate
letters
no
these
binations
com-
these
exaggerate
them
not
prominence
a
For
approve.
in
ghding
magnify
the word
correct
point
for
of I to
the
the
tion
addi-
ui
In certain
able it is easy
against the
warn
words
Other
would
to make
dictionary gives
appearing
give
and
that
is that
number
a
ear.
prolong
to
pronouncing
of
not
to
fleeting. Yet
very
trained
the
sound
represented by
speakers
cultured
which
does
represented by letters,
also
be,
to
sounds
intermediate
voice
one
result
are
are
it is easy
the
from
The
contains
word
spoken
the
in
positions change, but, continuing
easiest way.
in the
able
remark-
change
a
The
organs.
interruption,ghdes
without
next
the vocal
the
while
cease
demands
more
or
with
each
utters
each
rapidity, though
of two
composed
word
a
the
a'bul.
mediate
interfore,
There-
pronunciation
error
from
more
just indicated,
a'b'l,the apostrophe
difl"culty.
form
of
practice are
evil,gentle,spoken,
people,solecism.
For
further
is referred
to
study
of
the article
pronunciation, the
on
"A
Guide
to
student
Pronuncia-
THE
tion,"to
be found
in the front
Dictionary.
with
a
fulhiess and
DICTIONARY
a
The
ss
part of the New
subject is there
completeness
which
are
national
Inter-
treated
ticable
imprac-
here.
Words
for
Marking
Practice
in
Accent, and
Dividing
into
Giving Phonetic
Syllables,
Signs
56
known
It is well
originalin
of
The
simple
a
former
that
while
form
others
home, is said
word
and
is called
so
before
a
any
placed
of
(See later paragraphs
72.)
the
primary
simplest
A
main
The
derivative
the
this
upon
prefixesand
suffixes
word
and
the
likened
home,
placed
is called
or
is of
it is based.
root
to
a
after).
Suffixes,page
derivative
which
are
from
under
Prefixes
is called
is therefore
simple
means
part of every
word
form
on
sub,
and
prefix {pre means
a
a
atives.
deriv-
of less to the
addition
Any
after
are
primitive ;
derived
is caUed
suffix,{suf,a form
latter
a
be
to
derivative.
word
simple
and
before),
a
a
additions.
by the addition
homeless, being formed
simple
is
or
tion
combina-
a
more
the
home
by
or
one
simple
are
made
are
and
word
example,
For
words
some
primitives,and
are
DERIVATIVES
BEFORE
PRIMITIVES
or
STUDY
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
or
the
plant, of
the branches.
course
In
its
stem.
which
THE
is
It
be
DICTIONARY
readily seen
built
that
derivatives, aU
several
is
It follows
of
word
primary
in
student
dictionaries,while
derivatives.
to
write,is
in
the
basis
a
of many
knows
who
another
and
be
with
an
added
he
interest
and
a
that
is
which
is
knowledge
contain
of
the
as
means
form,
he
or
common
and
a
it,
pupil
essary
unnec-
derivative
one
to
it.
it appears
writing;
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quite fully
in this
after
recognizes it
as
a
already partiallyacquainted,
profit are
of those
correspondingly
of
of which
are
creased
in-
primitives should
modifying particles,
suffixes,beginning with
use, many
key
a
only relieved of much
but
is
generallygiven
Wherever
increasing knowledge
prefixesand
common
word
his attention
which
There
gains
treated
less space
idea
study,
to
effort
one
script,serves
the
given
learning the meaning
derivatives.
comes
his
To
form
this is not
word
word
primitive
carries
of course,
be
example, scribe,which
For
modified
ing
understand-
it is based.
always
are
common
the central
should
derivatives
the
Besides, primitives
to
at
may
modifications.
thorough
a
a
as
varying
which
on
of aU
meaning
in the
the
so, for in
doing
primitive the
the
another
one
that, for the sake of
economy
a
having
derivative,specialattention
a
the
to
with
presented
primitive
one
upon
idea, but all differingfrom
idea
57
those
fuUy defined
in most
in every
58
INDISPENSABLE
REFERENCE
These
large dictionary.
that
in
as
used
are
generally means
of
il,ir, im
ig, to harmonize
or
therefore
which
to
the
simple and
is well
within
corresponding noun
form
to
tion
of
the
illustrates
words.
the
The
of this
use
change of the
or
to
n
for the
m
on,
which
the
mind, the pupil
(not
impure
prefixin
or
specificappHca-
any
word
scribe
In-
Having
on.
in
meanings
understand
to
form
first letter
write
fundamental
prepared
the
the
it
it is attached.
broadly, a writing within
means,
takes
with
means
literally
inscriptionis
the
adverbs, where
It sometimes
not.
primitive word
in the
and
in, within, into,towards
adjectives and
in
except
on,
illustration,
For
over.
prefix generallymeans
a
'
or
als
word-building materi-
are
and
over
BOOKS
pure)
adjective,and
an
sake
of
smoother
pronunciation.
DEFINITIONS
CLASSED
ACCORDING
TO
PARTS
OF
SPEECH
A
word
that
there
in any
used
are
sign of
far
language.
to
though
the
is the
represent
related
sense
result
several, or
ideas.
in which
ideas
more
The
idea, but it is well known
an
a
The
word
than
is that
speech
a.
(adjective),cdv. (adverb),etc.
it
belongs,as
is to
n.
words
is often
different
many,
first step in
is used
are
word
a
even
of
to which
there
indicating
give
the
part
(noun),v. (verb),
A
verb
is further
6o
as
INDISPENSABLE
a
is used
noun
notice
"
"
"
idea may
bear
the
as
The
often
head.
will,directs and
the next
step
directs
the
or
leadershipor
honor
phrases indicate
for
reasons
Aea(^ of cattle ;
the head
head
It
the
of
of
a
a
of the
other
which
a
it
that
or
or
a
its seat
in
such
a
intellect,through the
members
of the
known
body,
who
to a person
the
as
head
So,
of
profession. The
of
uses
place
a
;
; the
the
procession ; the head
of
AeoJ
a
of
for
following
word,
easilyperceived
cabbage
stituti
in-
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as
common
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steps applied
has
army.
will be
the
of
stream
a
ten
:
bed
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the
nail.
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argued with
application of
things
became
of
it is called
head
the word
the
ment.
develop-
to it in form
the
the
the
of
of
to
upon
as
others,
head
example, the head
the
As
apply
to
commands
or
hair
to
controls
was
attached
intellect,which
referred
wise
a
of
original
division
resemblance
growth
hair.
order
upper
are
in the
quite possible
by successive
was
fancied
or
The
within, is
word
the
it is
cases
the
to
things that
real
of
some
ways,
definitions
perceive the
to
body,
function.
phrase
In
applied
other
thirty different
through all of them
First
some
head
but
BOOKS
lettered
or
elsewhere
as
to
than
more
traced.
be
human
in
the numbered
dictionary,
here
REFERENCE
is very
the
word
same
confusing
show
some
and
to
of
many
difficult to
reason
that
different
learn, but
;
THE
there
is not
the
and
easier
than
The
fundamental
unifies it and
and
is
a
idea
effects
a
this is far
word
new
marvelous
in
series
in vocabulary
There
everybody.
similarities
detecting
figurativelyin
idea.
every
economy
to
this
1
simpler
for every
ruiming through
a
pleasure
words
using
learn
that
corresponding rehef
a
even
sHghtest doubt
to
6
DICTIONARY
and
to
manner
ia
express
them.
Definitions
when
the different
similar
have
or
lettered
are
a
appHcations
marked
illustrations,see
For
rather
numbered
than
of the word
characteristic
lamina,
despot
closely
are
in
conmion.
and
i,
table,
n.,9.
the
For
further
classification
the
word
of
definitions
some
which
subjects to
the
another,
One
Agriculture).
"
See
also
given by
they apply.
race.
Hort.
inquirer, the
the
is
Zool.
ing
indicat-
See, for
ample,
ex-
is headed
definition
(Ethnology); another,
Ethnol.
still
of
assistance
(Zoology);and
(Horticulture and
Agric.
division, quarter, group,
distribution.
It
perhaps
of
usage
a
word
is not
of
is
that
state
as
(obsolescent,that
objectionablefor
ordinarilyto
be
formal
avoided.
every
Archaic, Obs.
use). Slang, Colloq.(colloquial),
or
is
and
to
that is characterized
(obsolete),Obsoles.
out
necessary
is, passing
Dial,
speaking
or
lectal)
(dia-
writing
Its appearance
in
62
the
dictionary does
but
merely
is
There
to
the
in
a
serves
series.
In
reputable standing,
a
and
lexicographers as
among
Webster's
of the
definitions
International
New
dictionaries
other
might be described
standing,what
warning.
a
of arrangement
nearly aU
and
the
as
tionary
Dic-
of
good
chronologic
order, just illustrated,is followed.
historical
or
record
a
disagreement
order
it
give
not
as
best
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
it,after the etjmaology,the originalmeaning
first,then
plan
the
the
key
whole
series
order
An
that
is
presented
is to
placing first,for
of the
idea
of
New
seeker, the definition
at
extent
some
with
the
the
this
By
by
convenience
Standard
the
of the word
used.
commonly
most
meanings.
comes
of this is followed
reverse
Dictionary
derived
the
to
beginning.
the
as
later
the
In
It is obvious
that, in the study of any word having
is required to discriminate
definitions,care
several
between
that
the various
definition,if any,
particularpassage
of
of
correct
of
which
meaning
apphes
in mind.
judgment,
sound
practice in
use
shades
This
and
to
and
its
select
in the
use
calls for the
is therefore
thinking as
to
weU
as
cise
exer-
excellent
in the
correct
EngHsh.
Among
the numberless
definitions
which
characters
in
every
items
of interest other
large dictionary includes
fiction,legend and
mythology,
than
are
histori-
THE
cal names,
and
Lady
the
of
Roses,
others
be
the
the
most
at
the
end
is
or
clear
combination
given
term
by
with
little
other
that
little is not
after
both
words
is
proper
a
begin
name.
/.
with
by inserting
definitions,when
which, in each
technical
or
the
In
as
that
a
a
down
fuU, but
the
is
whole.
second
to
the
by
little
repeated
represented
of Little
capitalsbecause
Observe, too,
each
is followed
groups
case
made
words;
observe
the
binations
com-
sions.
expres-
be
meaning
first group
in
case,
of the
Many
auk, which
printed
its initial letter
is
be considered
pairs or
crowding
information
separate
and
little,
to
tions
defining combina-
the
the
must
group
Bear, and
Note
could
by defining
begins
of
one
idiomatic
instance
or
of
series
tried
while
One
definition.
are
illustration,
see
world.
the
lars
particu-
have
accurate
form.
words
more
no
with
second
a
subject of
In
all the
readers
regular series
occasion,
so
to describe
of pages
of the
is the main
Little
of
DEFINITIONS
of
condensed
of two
series
Shalott, Wars
dictionary makers
convenience
in
For
the
OF
task
long
a
hundreds
quite
of
SERIES
in which
there
tration,
illus-
For
etc.
It would
many
variety.
Sleeping Beauty, Prometheus,
Lake, Lady
SECOND
serve
in great
Micawber,
see
63
DICTIONARY
the
Bear,
couplet
alphabetic
64
INDISPENSABLE
of
order
words
the
makes
finding of
the
easy
the
follow
immediately
that
which
little,
word
common
BOOKS
REFERENCE
particulargroup.
any
In
this series may
be
the
same
definitions
marked
for
illustration
an
h.
begins
It
with
of two
which
of
one
group,
the other
and
a
found
is
the couplet
littleking.
dead,
study,
further
For
bring,break, point.
come,
Practice
Who
in the
divide
cold
flag
wave
track
;
ETYMOLOGY
"
done
in the
should
learn
have
various
of
at
an
races
some
to
"
elementary
ancient
and
of the
bread
salt-rising
is the
sometimes
side
in-
of "the
not
been
already
students
English words
varied
times, that
of
City
grades, the
origin, that
has
;
DEVELOPMENT)
AND
they
that
nationalities,
of them
the
?
(ORIGIN
most
;
continental
a
meaning
schools,if it has
that
change,
;
Europe"
is
Which
is the
WORDS
upper
different
whole
bring
to
the advanced
In
and
What
of
What
signal?
or
of
OF
Gentleman
of the
Love?
"
Groups
Mask"?
Iron
committee
;
Brotherly
use
"First
the
was
"Man
cold,light,public,
common,
see
all
the
in
now
came
from
tion
pronuncia-
in different
countries
livinglanguages
rapid,
sometimes
dergo
un-
slow,
THE
words
and
that
the
mind, character, and
who
the
65
DICTIONARY
of any
language
are
index
an
experiences of
the
to
people
them.
use
"Brief
The
which
in
appears
International
It is not
of
History
the
the
fore
EngHsh
be
Dictionary,may
to
be
of
part
expected that
a
Language,"
Webster's
read
with
student
wiU
New
profit.
this
at
stage dig deeply into the subject of philology,but
little
general knowledge
native
language ought
of word
him
The
of each
given
and
within
condensed
the
page
word
as
of
and
page
process.
meaning
the
of
the
on
to
later
it, the
word
this
for
both
traced
of each
it
constitutes
up
to
are
a
whence
times,
Somewhat
the
development
described
of
Parts
Series
parts
of
sort
a
recent
earher
or
used, is
was
development
from
back
word,
language
in which
"Significanceof
"Selection
59,
pleasures
foreign languages,
or
This
attaches
to
system
his
been
early forms
brackets.
paragraphs
72,
and
words, its etymology.
interest
a
the
history
or, in other
same
of the
significantpart
it came,
wonderful
has
ancient
more
statement
a
words
most
or
one
and
deeper
a
daily.
use
origin of
through
and
to
that
his necessities
signs which
compel
in
of his
development
give him
to
intelligentinterest
more
of
of the
a
of
in
Words,"
of
the
tions,"
Definisame
66
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
In
his
study of etymology the scholarly specialist
the
languages in which
notes
finds that the
languages
meaning, and,
evolution
the
govern
of
existence
tribes and
has
whose
with
and
science
attention
no
pays
most
to
a
and
rare
etymology.
middle
in
He
definition
ground.
perhaps
If the
He
oft
the
word
public
With
will hold
school
will at
recurring
brackets,
comprises
parts, he will observe
he
wants
and
of
has
ing.
mean-
be
dictionary might
the
the
given within
each.
hasty
duced
re-
fifth its size.
one
student
of it.
has
who
language and
of
art
modern
common
his purpose
simple and
mind
need, who
patience for the study of fine shades
The
of
between
immediate
dictionary only
the
gives
to
as
the
superficialknowledge,
for the
For
take
prove
to
relations
is for the
concern
little taste
little
that
who
unscholarly person
the narrowly practical,
contrast, the
is contented
only the
laws
deduce
to
races.
only
glance
and
language, and
strong leaning toward
a
quite separate
changes in form
unknown
hitherto
marked
who
of
appeared,
has
sometimes
are
result,is able
a
as
word
each
the exact
origin,traces
in racial
In
BOOKS
this
the
least
observe
form
of the
and
two
the
the
or
form
fundamental
key
not
college will
or
more
and
the
word
meaning
cant
signifimeaning
information
only
to
the
accom-
in
68
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
is
definition
quite
BOOKS
and
correct
is
plain
as
phrase
the
at
end, it
until
word
defined
is
illuminatingpower
an
one
and
the
fact, the word
In
the
that
events
boy
every
his
Caesar's
the
in every
with
the
has
who
or
girlwho
of
Latin
read
has
Commentaries,
will
Roman
far
the
up
observe
Romans
now
called
the
language
with
and
The
with
a
it became
illustrates
dictionary
how
hints
that
the
the
of
or
as
from
all
took
of
may
our
sometimes
historic
a
others
slight change
part
in
modified
of
the
events
quered
con-
the
name
it would
wars,
and
passed,
years
provided
they
English
a
one
of
They
Romans,
French
correctly, that
part in them.
long ago
of
great expeditions
and
in
tive
appreciacame
prevailing language
As
enough
conquered Gaul, including
France, and
the
natives.
for those
the
language through
form, became
of the
translation
French.
is
word.
history, and
Latin
the
the
of it to
history
advanced
take
that
the
use
crusade
Latin,
name,
There
understanding that the word
know
what
first used.
history of
most
to
study
of
it forth.
called
student
The
was
in the
is familiar
who
person
it
way
means
etymology
the
understands
tame
and
incomplete
somehow
seems
illustrative
the
expected; yet, notwithstanding
be
could
as
in
very
be
ferred,
in-
active
adopted
the
pronunciation
language.
get
and
from
other
This
the
in-
THE
fluences
coined
that
have
them
language
one
A
few
brought
of
out
old, and
additional
from
the
Greek
of
Teutonic
the
has
ninth, being derived
nine.
The
word
in this
In
the
month,
just before
list of
with
This
counts
ac-
Liverpool,
from
our
Novembris
or
Latin
novem,
is understood.
in the dictionary
may
abbreviations
of the
dictionary.
the ninth
was
March.
began
had
its
origin in luna,
Under
the
word
the
changes
formerly
of
month,
the year
as
Lunatic
moon.
the
body
the
dialects,as
some
November
days of the Romans,
of
understood, as
means
the main
first
nesday
Wed-
honor
used
(scilicet),
the
by referringto
inserted
from
sc.
connection,
b).
down
mensis, meaning
abbreviation
The
in
November
means
phabet,
Al-
silent in standard
come
forefathers.
Saxon
subject.
and
neighborhood
word
dicate
in-
of the
in
d, now
still sounded
of
and
peoples."
of the
in the
given
this
day, named
the
but
The
found
of
scope
(a
dialect
from
selected
beginner
beta
English,
be
the
letters,alpha and
for the presence
heathen
interest
names
comes
Woden's
England.
etymology,
the
"highest god
the
of
from
was
in
passed them
great number
the
widely
it is seen,
two
words, perhaps
new
have
examples
dictionary,will perhaps
more
forth
another.
to
promiscuously
69
DICTIONARY
the
name
of
the
lunacy it is explained that
of the
moon
were
supposed
to
and
sometimes
mind
the
affect
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
70
of intermittent
insanity. Quart,
fourth, and
so
of
a
of
an
was
old
"
Enthusiasm
words
en,
now
often
from
two
overlooked
Peter.
The
words,
after
and
as
and
of word
the
fine
a
origin,
Petroleum
is
was
strikingly
of the
one
Apostles,
into
man
in
part
same
his
walking
so
suggests
named
sea;
observed.
hand, running
manu,
the
other
the
on
stone, will be
or
of
Greek
first part
the
to
with
inspiration
meant
dictionary, of meter,
therm, heat, illustrates
and
making
be
bird, supposedly
pages
of
contraction
on
was
for
sea
part
oleum, oil,and
of
of
use
several
measure,
a
fourth
rock, and
surname
convert
repeated
through
a
The
petrel,a
petrify,to
The
oU.
in allusion
Peter
be
to
forgotten.
or
recurrence
in
as
one
That
old words, petra,
by Christ
it is
theos, god, and
literallyrock
used
like quarter, meant
primarily
spiritwithin.
kind
a
parting, "God
at
is based
in, and
divine
a
is
is found
of address
form
ye.
by
called because
gallon. Good-by
produce
to
the
phase
one
of
economy
early
learning the etymology of words.
Certain
classes
of words
interesting ways.
taken
name
which
way
have
Some
geographic
secondary meanings,
of
a
winding
meant
some
made
as
river in Asia
in
biographic
originated in
names
at
first the
and
damask,
meander,
Damascus.
have
have
names
Mmor,
In
come
very
a
similar
into
the
THE
language,
land
boycott,from
as
agent, and
nobleman
been
who
set
because
adopted
ancient
Israelites
first to
imitate
the
mamma,
conscious
of others
being
that
familiar
are
verb
form
fly; strength,from
The
words
some
before.
fire.
of
study
Volcano
The
of steam
and
giant forges at
word
cereal
men
were
could
whom
the
very
and
not
it is not
it was
and
forms
flight,from
the
plants
Ceres.
the
mountains.
a
the
in the
it to
came
earlier
of
of
a
a
to
growing
to
rude
which
divine
us
the
this
ages
they
spirit
through
Greek, and
nymph,
his
The
mystery
phenomenon,
Echo
name
ancients
goddess
attributed
existed
escaping jets
the
the
is
us
Vulcan, god of
surprising that
this
that
ones
to
grow
given
has
earth, and
indicated
language from
earlyage
at
parts of speech,
Roman
Ceres, the
explain,and
called
the
the
impressed by
they
Latin
How
modified
mythology
beneath
is from
vegetation.
day,
of
work
used
strong.
is from
smoke,
migration
were
different
put life into old
rumbling
exodus,
child's first half-
of shove;
ancient
has
or
signiiicance,
the
are
many
as
have
hiss, crash
as
of the
one
Very
utterances.
shovel,a modified
as
sounds
English
an
and
Some
Egypt.
similar
last
historic
describe
to
Irish
an
Some
coats.
password,
used
from
of
name
in
of their
a
literally
going out,
of the
the
style
a
71
Capt. Boycott,
raglan, from
shibboleth, an
as
DICTIONARY
at
a
daugh-
INDISPENSABLE
72
Earth, who, for love of Narcissus, pined
ter of Air and
nothing
until
away
left of her
was
has
PARTS
OF
SIGNIFICANCE
As
BOOKS
REFERENCE
significantforms, basal
WORDS
OF
learned, there
been
three
are
called
forms
voice.
her
but
classes
stems
of
roots,
or
suffixes.
prefixes,and
Prefixes
The
that
a
part of
own.
In
has
lost its
word
a
build
part is
about
brought
words, and
new
the
of
some
fact
old word
an
also
its
which
illustrate
the
by combining parts
with
ease
the
which, in the
significantparts
may
unrecognized.
pass
A
ab, meaning from
or
ar, as,
at)
"
"
to, toward
cor)
col,com,
"
(of)
after ; pre
It
sup,
will
(ac,ag, al, am,
ad
; circum
in, into
;
"
"
sur,
be
before
sus)
;
observed
letter of the stem,
ox
ex
;
con
(ef)
"
{ig,il,im, ir)
in
"
through
"
(red)
back
"
that
changed
or
around
; sub
ap,
an,
;
{co,
out
;
not
;
post
"
"
[sue,suf,
under, after.
"
prefix is sometimes
re
"
e
;
against, facing ; per
"
sug,
;
with, together
"
(il,im, ir)
ob
the
the
significanceof
a
individuality. They
study of words,
in
have
may
cases
many
changes in form
to
prefixes illustrate
following common
to some
the
to
last
the
other
same
letter
as
letter whose
of
the
the
first
sound
THE
harmonizes
in
as
with
will also
in the
a
as
This
change
such
toward,
meaning
a
person
under
Any
one
the force
who
but
draw;
with
a
as
a
others
suffer.
whole
heavy
like
draw
attract, to
as
case
has
for
euphony,
derivatives
Some
word
the
of
port.
p in im-
and
m
speech
be difficult to pronounce
to
is the
as
of
organs
sake
hear.
bear, and
figure of
bears.
tract
thought,
to
means
the
would
to
represent sounds
example,
is for
words
adjacent letters
two
the
easily understood,
are
little
For
It
in-port,import.
;
the
with
stem,
ad-tract,attract;
just described
position.
disagreeable
these
that
same
otherwise
first letter of the
accuse;
produced
are
73
sub-fer,suffer
;
perfectword
in the
or
of the
observed
be
both
and
that
ad-cuse, properly
ob-fend,offend
that
DICTIONARY
to
require
Fer
here
presents
the
which
he
burden
reallysuffered
can
ciate
appre-
of the word.
Additional
Prefixesfor Study
hydro
bi
poly
hemi
psycho
anti
pro
epi
dis
ante
mono
counter
Observe
as
that
prefixes all
by
a
See
such
hyphen.
distinguishing them
words.
listed
when
separatelyin
forms
This
from
are
mark
the
same
counter, for example.
the dictionary
immediately
is
one
forms
means
used
lowed
folof
as
INDISPENSABLE
74
While
the
it is wise
study of
is
profitable,
of it in
number
a
leaving it.
before
of words
prefix alone
any
practical use
make
to
BOOKS
REFERENCE
Suffixes
Less,
little
of;
of
it is called
(whence
ly, like;
has
other
mind, the
words
adverbs
let,
;
en,
made
who, that which
With
these
meanings
readily understands
more
the
make
fy, to
superlative degree
one
er,
;
the
contain
that
the
meanings).
student
;
diminutive) ;
a
indicates
est
adjectives and
(italso
in
without, free from
means
corresponding suffixes,as
homeless, beautify,booklet,golden, brotherly,lightest,
baker.
Like
proper
alphabetic
prefixes,sufi"xes
order
in
It is to be noted
is listed
separately
distinguishesit
to
select
each
and
as
a
define
suffix that
he
has
may
Additional
ful
y
(ie)
the
also
or
of
every
before
h3^hen
a
given
body
that
too
suffix.
one
are
The
student
more
words
in their
the
tionary.
dic-
suffix that
it.
This
is advised
containing
study.
Suffi-xes
for Study
metry
itis
ness
oid
ish
logy
some
ward
ee
able
dom
ship
ed
ite
WORDS
COMPOUND
is called
one
as
of two
combination
A
used
familiar
long and
The
them.
in the
the
connect
to
or
distinct
more
word.
compound
a
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
76
is of
prevailing usage
except
the
warrants
usage
used
Hyphens
words
component
words
are
where
omission
of
indicated
course
dictionary.
Illustrative
Words
headlight
so-called
snowball
heart-rending
snow-bound
hard-hearted
SYNONYMS
Synonyms
the
same
do
meaning
based
on
already
of the
or
their
general
origin in
different
been
observed
essential
same
words
have
meaning.
exactly
the
though they
same
agree
in
significance. Synonyms
different
metaphors.
by
language having
same
application,even
broad
have
two
any
or
often
words
nearly the
or
Rarely
their
are
the
languages
It
has
student
or
are
doubtless
that,
when
DICTIONARY
THE
resolved
words
their
example,
based
the
on
is from
carry
figureof
by
space
is from
the
burden
a
toward
and
being
is
Saxon, which
only
that
with
in each
discussed
at
the
and
a
of
made
use
a
person
head
or
the
from
one
Anglo-
the stump
and
between
of
be
can
a
moved
re-
the
several
of synonyms
is
tions
regular series of defini-
is
a
of the
synonym
expresses
the
which
;
of culture
and, conversely, the
is
an
evidence
training in English, of inabilityto
ideas, or
most
of the
meaning
indication
marked
inappropriate word
between
obstinate
words, following the caption Syn.
discriminating mind
an
across
; and
opposed
of groups
of the
aptly
writer
or
be
end
the
accurately and
borne
face
picture of
of hundreds
Manifestly,
be
a
synonjmi
Again,
is undesirable
to
of the
one
a
in
difficulty.
distinction
speaker
being
stubborn, derived
presents the
tree, something
of
Latin,
is
and
removed
suggests the figure of
approaching thing to
of its synonyms
words
the
beast.
a
French
standing persistentlywith
an
The
Old
burden
a
or
person
the Latin
animal
or
a
English
many
metaphors.
it,gives the idea of
of
of
very
while transfer,
from
(cart),
car
use
elements,
condensed
are
For
a
into
77
of gross
make
of lack
tinction
fine dis-
indifference
and
carelessness.
The
Enghsh
language, being composite and
draw-
78
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
ing its vocabulary from
in
rich
culture
high civilization and
ideas.
study of the
The
of cultivated
utterances
stock
one's
simple
together. A
yet quite
A
child
or
apple
as
good,
other
than
but
so
lacks
good,
as
this
such
as
sound
of
synonyms
more
or
There
know
are
of
good,
would
Synonyms
see.
High, tall,lofty.
Raise, lift,elevate.
make
more
in such
the
satisfying.
for
chief
priate,
inapproof
ways
being
consulting the
a
Practice
an
word
The
it is
:
application and
many
without
suffice
describe
him.
go
ish,
child-
suitable
in its
delicious,both
definite,clear and
Look,
here
that
not
the
extend
almost
an
most
to
broad
the substitution
and
widely
might
occurs
with
ideas, for they
of
the
adjective is
definiteness.
may
of
of
listeningto
will
adult
being
that it is very
one
and
untutored
that
which
range
must
difficulty
slang that
objection to
narrow
and'
illustration
common
an
a
persons
of words
both
ideas
dictionary together
reading of good literature
the
those
exactness
produced.
have
denotes
vocabulary
small
A
with
of elemental
modifications
innumerable
peoples, is peculiarly
many
expressing
of
means
BOOKS
tionary,
dic-
specificword,
a
case
statement
being
far
THE
DICTIONARY
79
Whole, total,entire,complete, perfect,intact.
Content, satisfy.
Custom,
habit, usage,
practice.
Fast, rapid, swift,fleet,speedy, hasty.
immense,
Enormous,
pendous,
huge, vast, prodigious, stu-
gigantic,colossal.
Brave,
ous,
gallant, daring, vahant, valor-
courageous,
hearted.
bold, heroic, intrepid,fearless,dauntless, stout-
Above,
over,
Abandon,
on,
desert, forsake, leave, quit,
forego,resign,give
Calm,
beyond.
upon,
up,
tranquil,
renounce,
surrender, relinquish.
placid, peaceful, cool,
serene,
composed, collected,unruffled.
Tire,fatigue,exhaust, jade, fag.
SPECIAL
Gazetteer
or
references
it?
the
Where
desire
is it?
of
name
having
the
would
be
now
it be
further
large
How
at
the
hand
in
of
the
existence
of
gent
intelliWhat
are
tions
ques-
convenience
the
many
this
is
should
How
These
highly appreciated by
aware
which
is it?
pronounced?
just
answers
full
periodicals are
information.
frequently arise, and
that
not
and
places concerning
to
readers
Geographical Dictionary
of travel
Histories, books
of
SECTIONS
of
dictionary
who
section.
are
INDISPENSABLE
8o
The
of
system
Webster's
REFERENCE
of much
is given in
thousands,
even
in
Dictionary
makes
information
within
example,
for
Observe,
space.
used
abbreviations
International
New
possiblethe condensing
small
and
signs
BOOKS
as
9
the
that
lation
popu-
(9000) or 6,581
(6,581,000).
for Practice
Names
Adams
Cheyenne
Fukushima
Aden
Dardanelles
Ghent
Baalbek
Dead
Gizeh
Barre
Dry Tortugas
Gloucester
Beirut
Dwina
Herculaneum
Berlin
Echo
Cadiz
Florence
Karlsbad
Cavite
Friesland
Mecca
long is the
How
of
?
occur?
Hastings
of the
Canon
Amazon
York
of New
State
Sea
What
?
When
and
How
many
Ithaca
name
Jerusalem
is the
of the
area
did the battle
where
different
tions
applica-
given?
are
Biographical Dictionary
This
contains
persons,
pronunciation of
and
death.
that
The
the
the
of
names
thousands
slight description
a
each
name,
omission
person
was
and
of
the
the
of
the
worthy
note-
each, the
dates
latter
livingwhen
of
of birth
date
cates
indi-
dictionary
THE
published.
was
spell or
to
included
which
he
has
only
a
or
list,
part,
a
know
to
he
of identification
in
for
of
wise,
other-
or
lived, he
this
section
Pepys
Pindar
Gail
Ptolemy
Hamilton
Geikie, the geologist
Recamier
Irving, the
Rochambeau
actor
Stanley, the explorer
Junius
Mascagni,
the
was
each
Welsbach
composer
Lincoln
born?
and
Browning
to
words
Muir
Goethals
bear
of
Practice
John
Fiske
Robert
name
Mendelssohn
Fouque
When
he
any
desires.
Addams
John
few
period
how
of
name
a
effort,find
Names
Jane
certain
the full
wants
in what
moment's
preciselywhat
is not
wants
or
the purpose
wishes
with
can,
student
correctly the
in the
descriptionfor
or
If the
pronounce
person
8l
DICTIONARY
Elizabeth
other, and
relation
What
Barrett
is either
of
did
Browning
them
living?
Arbitrary Signs
(Used
Words
are
representing
the
in
writing and
chief, but
ideas.
In
the
not
printing)
the
section
only,
on
means
of
"Arbitrary
82
INDISPENSABLE
"
Signs
given
are
used
in
likelyto
are
in the
and
to
foUows
as
of the
some
BOOKS
of the
many
occur
person
classed
REFERENCE
technical
and
arts
signs
sciences.
reading of
monly
com-
They
sional
non-profes-
any
require explanation. They
are
:
Astronomical, botanical, chemical, mathematical,
medical,
meteorological, miscellaneous, monetary
commercial, musical, typographical.
and
Observe
the
alphabetic order
Some
{Used
t
Additional
in Webster's
obsolete
means
basquette,which
of-date
form
by
IImeans
from
be
a
New
International
variant
this
that
In
the
the word
printed in itahc
see
mademoiselle.
which
For
shown
New
first term
be
an
the
see
out-
tionary
Dicdouble
immediately following it
The
and
letters
fiance;
joins have
is
to
Standard
that
if used
viva voce;
New
a
Standard
it would
the
same
missing, the
word
is
usually
in
EngUsh.
la
carte; attache;
For
tains
Dictionary consign.
corresponding distinctive
(the sign of equality)means
that
it
example,
and
obsolete,
no
=
Dictionary)
variant.
foreign language
example,
of.
sign is
of basket.
dagger (f) means
terms.
Dictionary Signs
dagger (f) means
the
of these
the
meaning.
used
as
two
terms
Where
the
the
subject
84
of
a
golf,ship, saddle,
under
illustrated
picture,as
BOOKS
REFERENCE
INDISPENSABLE
sextant, elbow.
Illustrations
Pictorial
Words
well
serve
understood, but
mind
the
to
which
the
have
best.
would
as
then,
fail to
section
a
give
as
from
the
Each
of them
the
near
main
classified
in
given
inserted
that
the
of
and
grouped
alphabetic
at
the
order
each
tive
locomo-
illustrations,
features
book,
under
of
in
each
of them
and
similar
of
pictures
and
section.
are
All
these
index
subject
is
appears
a
other.
the
of the
repeated.
which
selected
national
Inter-
pictures,
are
each
definition
to
New
of
by subjects,
begiiming
pictures in
the
merely
related
tion
descrip-
a
necessary
dictionary on
are
of
of Webster's
and
of the
are
idea
of it
ient
conven-
of
himdreds
corresponding
that
most
pages
of
purpose,
picture
a
the
an
like
in its pages.
end
is named
picture. These
objects
and
many
body
given the page
the
or
Pictorial
it would.
Dictionary
both
clear
they abound
dictionary, and
In
example,
highly important
are
it
For
picture of
a
of
latter
the
For
model
the
objects
picture is usually
A
obtain.
to
material
ready
al-
are
clearly present
cannot
seen.
object itself,a
serves
a
been
not
they
of
ideas
that
represent ideas
to
are
are
which
is
Observe
arranged
in
THE
order
alphabetic
subject
the
pictures of
by
of
it
their
classed
insects, under
If, for example,
names.
be
inquiry
are
85
CYCLOPEDIA
farm
under
machinery,
the
agriculture;if
it be
zoology. Following
the
order, the pictures of insects follow
the
fishes,and
the great
be
compared
with
in
may
animal
an
fiea
follows
the
By
ease.
some
After
the
of which
name
of reference
of
It
object
known.
cyclopedia (variously
it may
several.
The
indicates
the
be
all
of
in
the
of
it,and
up
of
of
the
included, the
if
only
mechanics
electricity,
technical.
in
work
a
or
ments
depart-
one
ment,
depart-
of the
plan
as
last part,
If aU
is called
music, the
is
a
well
pedia,
child, indicates
work.
in
or
cyclo,circle,
name,
department
one
aU
volume,
one
the
often
most
subjects in
comprehensiveness
character
cyclopedia ;
special or
on
published
bringing
educational
are
or
information
first part
completeness
is, the
generally and
most
contains
knowledge,
and
that
pictures,
Cyclopedia
dictionary, the
consulted.
the
is not
here
may
of the
means
Note
cyclopaedia,encyclopedia, encyclopaedia)is
the work
as
dragon fly.
easilyidentifyan
cases
The
written
the
pictures of
variety of insects,fishes,etc.,that
also,one
or
the
alphabetic
the
ments
departgeneral
included,
work
as
is called
86
INDISPENSABLE
articles
the
skiU to select
the
indicate
little
subject of
do
practice,to
in
mind, the student
in
any
This
series
he
of
page
the
last
right volume
in
tops of the
if he is
volume
of each
or
in
the
the
volume.
finds
next
begins by observing
which
in the
are
about
the
the
printed
dictionary.
seeking information
it
as
indicate
They
hand, he
as
pages
article.
the
guide words
two
their abbreviations
or
volume
which
treated
article
the
with
subject word
the
him.
and
shall
it is easy,
contains
back
the
words
example,
the
shelf before
which
on
guide
at
the
the
With
more
or
on
subject and
With
this.
by observing the
does
on
Generally
it.
that
noun,
a
article
judgment
the
has
one
desired
any
by
dictionary
the
first determines
two
their abbreviations
stands
with
appropriate word,
an
order
alphabetic
find
to
one
cyclopedia,provided
in the
first
in
all
article,and
separate
a
famiharity
will enable
therefore
in
arranged
are
sMght
topics. A
a
treated
topic is
Each
BOOKS
REFERENCE
For
Benjamin
Franklin, he looks first for Franklin,then for Franklin,
Benjamin.
If he wishes
II, he looks
first for
is careful
treats
of
country.
to
the
then
for
whether
king
of
England
The
title,king, is considered
name,
Again,
Henry,
about
note
to
a
know
to
the
or
of
King Henry
Henry
article
a
king
of
II, and
before
some
him
other
subordinate
Henry.
suppose
the
subject
of
inquiry
to
be
the
THE
classification
of
; he
races
of
may
these
on
that
mankind
and
then
in finding
difficulty
have
topics,though
the
trying point
87
CYCLOPEDIA
he
select the
He
to
would
be
may
the
be
to
little
though
the
a
or
and
find
to
in
the
the
applies is
headed
is
hint, though
be
can
obtained
reference
cross
word
exact
is to
word
would
the
tion
defini-
the
This
tion
abbrevia-
always
not
at
wanted.
consult
race,
Ethnol.
such
that
matter
right direction, for
word
the
try race,
This, however,
itself,the
under
that
a
only
satisfaction
obtain
to
then
may
end. See Ethnology, gives the
way
characteristics,
sportsmen.
lead
no
dictionary. There,
be
case.^
the
the
Though
dictionary
of
department
one
language,
and
that
the
overlap
The
student
would
reference.
and
should
the
of
scope
there,
be
professedly a
only,
character
it has
warned
probably prevent
his
so
that
that
word
fairly
broad
so
cyclopedia
well-trained
misspellingof
the
in
English
it is
the
even
the
finding
of
by
work
the
become
by it and
fields covered
here
is
knowledge
though
distinctive, the
word
to
article
short
Another
1
He
expecting
of interest
prove
from
and
fident
con-
right subject word.
only
doubtingly,
quite
The
try classification,
mankind,
disappointed.
be
thing
any-
something.
may
be
characteristics
may
contains
work
is to
the
and
a
the
subject
desired
88
INDISPENSABLE
and
name
a
make
technical
Zoology ; Statues
of each
couplet
first is
more
individual
proper
but
only
not
the
a
a
of
is
worthy
cyclopedia. By
article for further
If the search
To
which
a
of
that
insertion
directed
of
a
the
to
cussion
discross
right
in choice.
err
it may
difficult,
give is always
be
pursued
on
to
any
be
subject
found
in
singlearticle is to lose sight of the fact that, for the
of the
parts, each
of
reader, many
which
subjects are
is inserted
alphabetic place by topic heading.
a
extended
all the information
cyclopedia can
convenience
in
Both
interestinggame.
suppose
a
at all
is
dictionary,
a
to
to
second
art.
an
in
The
applies
the
or
study if he happens
proves
thing.
of any
the
members
and
definition
For
Animals
two
same
science
reference, the inquirer is often
sort
The
the
mean
applies to
second
things.
conditions, while
subjects
in
a
to
common
a
Numismatics;
distinctivelyconcrete
and
are
or
Sculpture?
or
do
between
for related
name
objects or
broader
as
add
to
sometimes, for
must
choice
a
shall it be Coins
example,
or
of
range
it is for him
guessed, one
be
now
may
subject word,
a
the
wider
will
of it.
his store
As
easier
the
knowledge,
one's
The
service.
better
give the
work
which
occasionally uncertain
are
persons
BOOKS
REFERENCE
fine
opportunity
for the
student
to
in
Here
exert
treated
its proper
may
be
his power
THE
of
selectingthe
general
Fish
general
Both
maybe
but,
even
do
and
where
they
from
the
in
each
Some
short
long
articles
which
of references.
are
widely in
small
and
others
are
adapted
to
together
of the
Additional
Fish
headings
others.
into
paragraphs
is headed
with
facilitates the
pronunciation and
selectinga cyclopedia for
it should
differ
are
the
or
the
finding
etymology
indicated.
sometimes
In
The
This
articles
two
numerous
which
specific.
resources
the
or
cyclopedia;
inquiry.
divided
it treats.
is
the
the
of
and
of
broad
used, the
so
under
are
example,
one
in the
other, and
found
chapters, each
topic of
discussion
field
Culture, Fisheries,Cod
For
terms,
exhaust
this
be
may
choosing between
other, which
are
means
any
cyclopedia
articles
related
are
subjectsfor
by
not
arise in
reference.
specificterm.
a
including
different
very
synthesis,in
promising topic for
Trout
and
of
process
difficulty
may
term
and
reverse
most
similar
A
a
the
analysis,or
89
CYCLOPEDIA
be
borne
and
in mind
and
character
well-educated
ground
Little
confidence
and
Some
adapted
for purchase,
or
cyclopedias
tary
elemen-
are
to
children;
exhaustive, and
adults
best
are
; still others
occupy
preferable for general
are
is to
that
size.
well
are
scholarly and
middle
reference
be
placed
in
high-sounding titles,for they give
some
evidence
that
of
use.
bear
being
INDISPENSABLE
go
largely
work
the
guide
of
the
Even
owing
cyclopedias
rapid
been
After
"year
books"
of
main
the
is
his
the
to
Other
devices
have
been
from
the
printing.
To
books,
meet
to
tried.
year
The
of
to
a
a
edition
new
of
obtaining
subjects
main
of
later
age
not
of
from
must
one
by
work
difficulty
old.
the
accumulated
then,
any,
real
volume
of
into
the
times,
new
the
some
the
copyright,
a
year
sure,
of
if
the
with
pace
of
be
difficulty
this
meet
extensions
on
reading
year
discovery
incorporated
information
supplement
invention,
substance
work.
trustworthy
as
in
every
and
the
period,
a
serve
unreliable,
keep
To
corrections
containing
paste.
become
How
issue
publishers
some
should
and
soon
progress
study.
a
shears
publisher
development.
long
has
with
purchasers.
best
the
to
social
and
the
intending
to
novices
of
reputation
The
BOOKS
REFERENCE
ence
refer-
publication.
just
a
mentioned
work
the
dates
year
of
Science,
all
the
in
that
has
man
of
sufferings
the
world,"
world
we
of
move
philosophy,
literature,
art,
done,
a
the
"
hundred
with
There,
the
"
all
crowned
"
are
realities,
among
kings
of
has
man
has
that
experience
generations,
books.
that
all
"
been
with
bought
garnered
in
thought,
up
"
a
for
substantial
thought.
Edwin
"
P.
Whipple.
us
GEOGRAPHY
breadth
The
list of
its
physical
of
chief
and
works
school
largely
textbooks
publications
that
is to
change
for
atlas
reference
is of
and
becoming
of
collection
and
bound
increasing
marvelous
the
a
is
lives
interest
riches
of
travel
one
and
in
each
the
great
in
every
are
a
swift
whole
scriptiv
de-
high
reference
The
of
conditions
specially arranged
volume.
world
of
men
all.
to
93
times
of
is
in
The
by
the
tion
communicaand
more
any
work
a
when
Whatever
region.
other
Such
means
community.
open
for
the
questioned.
in these
of
character
and
Some
treat
of maps
usefulness
inventions
subject,
required.
not
be
voted
de-
ATLAS
THE
The
this
well
serve
of
may
reference
character.
popular
is
man
political
treatises
upon
treatment
old
a
geography,
of
of
phases
some
a
books
exhaustive
accuracy
which
of
college
and
when
to
by
geography.
special
depend
must
suggested
biological geography,
are
exclusively
is
mathematical
commercial
there
Though
subject
divisions,
geography,
geography,
student
this
one
more
affects
region
beauty
is
and
REFERENCE
94
and
definiteness
The
anything that
results
atlas
be
in
frequent
in the
demand
is, of history in the
that
aid
the
and
making,
would
newspapers
of current
study
lack
and
student
traveler.
the
to
of
It is
events,
without
in
of
use
substitute
a
the
necessity to
a
history, and
and
geography
Unless
memory.
it is
employed,
the
explains why
of
by
improved understanding
an
retentive
more
a
in
ideas
one's
of
decidedly increased
are
This
learning its location.
the
clearness
place
has
SUBJECTS
PARTICULAR
IN
WORKS
its
interest
and
value.
in
Perhaps
of contents
table
and
For
end
the index
of contents
maps,
index
and
gives
the page
point
any
be
may
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are
the table
The
so-called
alphabetic list
of all the
essential.
so
an
which
on
the
on
or
each
is to be found.
difficult to
map
consulted.
volume
of the
work
other
no
This
may
elsewhere.
find, the
appear
it the
In
the
at
places
(mountains, rivers,lakes, counties, cities,etc.) are
inserted
in
alphabetic order
atlases, the
some
names
in
are
standing separately. Just
map
page,
on
which
and
and
by
maps
vertical
look
location
the
is indicated
Usually
to
a
lines.
on
divided
The
classified,each
after
each
is indicated
letter and
are
general list.
one
it of
a
name,
number
by
the
In
class
the
or
place sought
figure.
into blocks
spaces
thus
by
horizontal
formed
are
GEOGRAPHY
lettered
horizontallyand
vice versa,
place
95
that
so
location
the
indicated
be
can
numbered
by
vertically,or
of
nam"
.
ing
the
horizontal
vertical
the
strip.
intersection
indicates
the
the
letter
a
information
in
rivers,the
which
cient,
suffi-
are
accompanying
and
It is also the
the
index
condensed
itself
form, such
of civil divisions
area
diagram.
statistics
maps.
in
X
Thus
contain
as
"
strips
found.
the
give
to
of
in
well
as
the
figure
atlases
matter
at
within
be
a
B^
Some
block
space
and
as
the
of
will
place
strip and
The
particular
any
descriptive
sionally
practiceocca-
little
a
as
and
the
the
special
length
tion
popula-
of cities.
Political
boundaries, lines
and
men
are
the
need
consulted
may
be
other
is
The
up-to-date.
each
are
is followed
the
development
the
Some
on
work
which
idea
of its
wUl
of
; hence
is to
be
reliabihty
by observing the date of copyright.
obtained
gazetteer is
names
and
that
assurance
THE
A
transportation,population
things dependent
subject to change
of
of
a
GAZETTEER
dictionary of geographical names.
arranged
by
one
in
or
alphabetic order,
more
paragraphs
and
of
96
by
to
regarding
statements
THE
This
is
of the
railroads
different
a
given region.
The
subject to frequent change.
learning to plan
road,
one
or
recognized.
by
an
or
continuous
two
on
be
atlas
a
a
or
observed.
train
schedules
It
bear
may
course,
trip by
are
train
on
be
of
any
connecting roads,
more
a-
practicalvalue
guide should
The
be
schedules, of
These
name.
the
containing
in
subject
are
GUIDE
RAILWAY
booklet
a
that
matters
copyright should
of
change, the date
misled
against being
guard
To
descriptive text.
SUBJECTS
PARTICULAR
IN
WORKS
REFERENCE
will
supplemented
map.
Literature
Of
of reference
works
are
books
and
have
illustrations
mentioned, there
Baker's
A
New
and
are
Children's
gies
antholo-
many
literary wholes
classified
of
the
Skirmev's
Books
Library of Poetry
into
of
and
volumes
able
valu-
most
quotations, concordances,
selected
As
the
literature,
collections
other
been
needs.
of
in
to
various
meet
class
numerous
Selections
that
last
ing,
for Memoriz-
of Poetry, and Bryant's
Song.
Some
each.
Merit
are
tended
ex-
varies
widely.
AU
will
agree
that
no
collection
can
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satis-
LITERATURE
factory substitute
standard
classic
or
practical value
by
of
of
persons
is
for
complete
authors
good
book
works
of
sifted from
value
its
force his
or
select
words
compiled
sound
that
ment
judg-
passage,
wishes
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text,
light on
read
the
quotation,
and
expression which
any
in
and
gleaned
a
to
reen-
ence
refer-
enjoy
the
it contains.
using it is easily taught, but
with
be
It is of great
obtain
allusion,or simply
thought
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complete
to
ful
use-
should
one
centuries.
who
most
wise, witty, forceful
have
writings of
of the
one
of
store
a
person
find
a
as
key
verb
a
a
which
or
better.
is
great
facilityin
of
work
reference,
acquired only by practice.
To
a
the
been
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least
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composition, to
own
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sentences
consulting it, as
is
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some
QUOTATIONS
literarysetting, to
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of
gems
a
OF
It is
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reference, and
the
to
author
The
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library.
graceful
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freelyconceded.
good
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works
quoted, yet
that
many
BOOKS
A
97
kind
an
He
of
particular quotation,
it
or
guide
at
least
one
the
of the
contains, preferably a
adjective will
then
turns
index, and,
to
sometimes
the
if the
seeker
noun,
be
as
must
principal
though
good
or
concordance, which
key
word
is present.
gS
it
finds
in
of
feature
key words
quotations
words
in the
even
seeker
The
that
the
is successful
in
passage
he
very
the
less time
Suppose
a
to
earth
book
of
he
a
that
Hoyt's
key
instance.
words
The
can
of
number
of
be
in
done
information
truth
would
truth
concordance, and
reads
the
cerning
con-
being crushed
help
Cyclopedia of
his
as
farther
the
among
identify the
indistinctly. Almost
select
may
pose
Sup-
Practical
tations
Quo-
key word,
down
phrases
him.
any
find
in its proper
discover
may
a
:
t. crushed
The
need
general quotations
has
mind,
tell it.
about
recalls
he
in
and, if he
to
This
occurs.
has
phrases.
he has
learn
to
key
is observed
it occurs,
required to
student
alphabetic place
line which
it
strikingsentence
He
it in the
and
wants
is
than
word
in which
which
succeeding lines
search, is able
his
which
on
page
order
the
particularkey
phrases
in
brief
of these
glances down
next
the
contain
observes
connection
arrangement
taining
con-
found, it gives enough
alphabetic
The
cating
indi-
to
quotations
where
be
to
the
show
to
book
the
are
used.
are
is that, in addition
concordance
places in
the
distinctive
A
alphabetic place.
its
a
SUBJECTS
PARTICULAR
IN
WORKS
REFERENCE
to earth
are
often
passage
shall rise
621
abbreviated
he
wants
/.
as
is
in
the
this
6th
WORKS
REFERENCE
lOO
selection
/
"Some
and
on
are
page
287 he finds
the
born
great,
achieve
have
some
knows
now
Act
that
Shakespeare, and
Night, in Act
(index) in
Bartlett's
Flood
and
leap into
arched
the
of mortal
shadow
taken
lies
order
In
those
in
work,
by
the
by,
150.
ice,yon,
473.
the, 640.
fiery,48.
likened
the
their first
treating of the
The
as
key
accompanying
this
concordance
the, 115.
at
that
by
the
no.
floating on
passions are
several
line 157.
at
ills prevailing, 770.
Floods, bathe
Observe
play Twelfth
the, 599.
angry,
motionless
seems
by
Quotations:
field,accidents
bridge that
written
in the
from
Familiar
'em."
was
beginning
selection
greatness,
l--^S1-
See,-
quotation
5,
quotation,
full
upon
it appears
II, scene
illustrative
An
II.
the
that
some
thrust
greatness
Twelfth Night.
He
SUBJECTS
PARTICULAR
IN
word
is
phrases
to, 25.
flood, and
are
in
that
the
alphabetic
words, accidents,bridge,leap,etc.
selections
the
author
same
are
are
arranged
together,
not
that
so
those
subject.
same
selections
best
in
some
books
of
quotations
are
LITERATURE
classified and
indexes
of
of
his
authors
included
such
any
all that
subject,or
which
represented
writings appear.
find all that
there
arranged by subjects,and
author
every
lOI
show
and
the
With
such
work
contains
it includes
the
where
it is easy
on
of the
name
places
helps
are
to
particular
a
writings of
any
containing a
few
particularauthor.
CONCORDANCE
THE
A
concordance
words
from
is
the
principalword
a
kind
passage
in the
is used.
When
book, it is devoted
works
the
of
taken
observe
to
it is based.
other
any
The
use
in the
of
the
Perhaps
a
on
THE
A
in
The
a
glossary is
book,
an
to each
a
Bible,
to
is
"Books
to
the
of
In
sulting
con-
should
care
school
great
any
rate
sepa-
concordance
versions
or
each
a
or
Shakespeare.
the
concordance
paragraphs
as
ordinary
concordance
as
single work
version
no
which
published
a
to
of
with
text
only,
concordance
a
concordance
a
to
single author
a
Bible,
of index
on
be
which
could
use
advantage.
illustrated
sufiiciently
of
Quotations."
GLOSSARY
alphabetic Hst
of which
specialdifficultyfor
is
which
of difiicult words
given
it
an
explanation.
provides usually
REFERENCE
102
lies in the
which
WORKS
of
use
the
reader
the
in the
by
dialect
a
of
be
familiar.
Burns,
dialect, are
Scottish
SUBJECTS
of technical
or
not
may
poems
PARTICULAR
IN
some
of
terms
For
which
Examples for practice
Pink
of
Let
An
perfection.
have
us
honest
Our
peace.
man's
echoes
walls
First
in war,
Chip
of the
Words
are
is
do
not
old block.
things.
of
is stranger
Some
books
are
University a
Silence
mien.
be
.
fiction.
tasted.
collection
of books.
its head.
on
in stones.
and
Honor
child
thing
Millions
Hope
than
to
sunshine
Sermons
A
.
eloquent.
Eternal
The
of God.
prison make.
a
.
Truth
work
first in peace.
monster
a
noblest
roll.
Stone
Vice
the
of
shame
from
is father
beauty
for defense.
springs eternal.
a
condition
no
of the
is
tration,
illusare
ordinarily accompanied
glossary.
a
with
man.
joy.
rise.
LITERATURE
Find
103
appropriate quotations
gratitude, example,
these
on
subjects:
night, immortality, dissension,
character,words, life,cowardice, reputation.
TO
HOW
allusion
An
"
is
ALLUSIONS
TRACE
hint
a
illustration,suggestion
Dictionary).
that
For
has
he
to
interestingand
might
It
effect.
or
pages
by them.
Not
to
ignorant
of
in the
ever
more
that
been
than
exist.
directions.
be followed
This
not
a
man
would
be
know
the
be
prepared
minutest
They
Those
are
to
whose
; those
import
rhetorical
form
No
contains
fraction
be
traced
origin is
whose
sent
repre-
is permeated
defined.
is to
of the
of many
that
striking
explained, not
English language.
there
touched
use
of
literature
their
meaning
the
to
sake
the
All
trace
to
practice
in this condensed
to
are
able
the
he
everything
for
way
volumes.
They
be
the
of them
Some
(Century
said of
does
who
of
way
gold.
this
in
metaphors
be
touch.
that
been
long
has
by
suggestive mythologic story of King
into
turn
it may
person
wished
who
Midas,
Midas
any
used
insinuation"
or
example,
the
meaningless
reference
or
remain
finest passages
singlework
has
explanations
the
of
back
in
of
allusions
in many
history must
origin is in literature
REFERENCE
I04
WORKS
be followed
must
furnished
a
far
By
useful
most
study of allusions
is the
If it does
the
it often
give
not
book
of
work
the
science,and
information
desired
to
look
hidden
meaning
It is to
be
some
allusions
must
come
of the
Kind
And
the
pedia,
cyclo-
gazetteer,
discovering
to
advantage.
be consulted
the
that
obtained
of
the
of
history
explanation
from
general knowledge
of
books, but
and
ence
experi-
student.
Examples for
1
The
possiblemeans
be
the
the
works
may
cannot
in
to
acknowledged
from
have
directly,
next.
quotations,
other
consxolt
to
biographicaldictionary, indexes
and
sciences
large English dictionary.
gives hints where
the
and
arts
of them.
portion
the
The
there.
SUBJECTS
PARTICULAR
IN
hearts
simple
are
Practice
than
more
faith than
coronets
Norman
blood.
Tennyson.
2
The
A
3
forest is my
Delphic
And
Till
While
Kiss
hast
loyal friend,
shrine
thou
to
sworn
perjuries are
on
every
common
thousands,
the book's
Emerson.
me.
as
careless
outside
who
slightpretence,
bad
of the
pence.
damning
ne'er look
sin.
within
Cowper.
?
LITERATURE
4
The
iron
of
tongue
105
midnight
hath
told
twelve.
Shakespeare.
5
6
What
lost
world,
a
The
timid
The
whirligigof
in
tear
and
bade
hero
a
fly?
Cleopatra's eye.
time
brings in
Byron.
his revenges.
Shakespeare.
7
a
To-morrow
traveler
8
is that
and
resources,
the
upon
marsh
reacheth.
never
(Hamilton)
He
lamp
Tupper.
the
smote
abundant
rock
of
of
streams
the
gushed
Webster.
LITERARY
be
must
for every
book
the
wise
sane
to
As
they
worth.
rude.
with
The
the
As
to
from
range
the
best
the
printed
poorest
to
form
and
books, he
wisest
and
differ
profound
the
to
widely
to
wicked,
caUow, from
is
no
if he
noblest.
in
shallow, from
meanest
may,
author,
companionship
righteous
mature
associates,
of its
of
authors
CHOICE
of
as
nature
form
a
men,
unsound, from
to
of the
foolish,from
to
IN
of books
is
one
other.
from
made
partakes
the
reading
character;
access
DISCRIMINATION
VALUES;
Choice
with
national
revenue
forth.
and
which
tured
culof
guaranty
citizen
has
will, commune
If he
can-
lo6
REFERENCE
not, alone, choose
SUBJECTS
PARTICULAR
IN
WORKS
aright,he
easilyfind
can
worthy
trust-
a
adviser.
Not
the
only
do
of his
variation
in
the
of many
works
character.
value, success
by failure
book
on
at
at
another.
on
its
that
any
time
one
reputation gained
in
of
may
complete
wise
The
sets
therefore
that
uniform
it
followed
or
time
only
writing another.
be
or
the
of
money
author's
selection
The
evidence
in
is to choose
course
expend
to
recommend
to
wide
being preceded
merits, not
has
shows
far from
are
different
at
or
follows
It
authors
another;
one
sometimes
development,
periods
from
moods
author, in different
same
each
differ
authors
lack
of
criminat
dis-
History
It is well
broad
as
view
loosely in
been
done
takes
interrelations
the
of
a
the
unrelated
separate
events,
is that
all events
the
the
of the
any
has
that
of
regard
are
set
out-
subject pursued,
details,
parts and
Dividing
tory
his-
treating
work, all of which
impression
profitably without
truth
up
whole.
for sufficient reasons,
design, to give
studied
he
each
at
sections, classifjdngthese, and
each
mass
obtain
to
possible of
clearlycomprehend
into
The
as
the
easilysee
can
more
a
Student
that, later,when
so
he
for every
has
tended, without
it deals
which
to
linked
the
with
may
a
be
others.
together by
Io8
In
subject is
other
no
philosophy
which
to
important
so
be
and
is the task.
harder
passions are
of the
as
of civil
or
it
Though
abiUty
The
is
of
is
and
fairness
that
violent
which
for the
or
also
critics
be
are
severe
historian.
of the
importance,
must
the
place, the
or
reUgious rights,are
of competent
estimates
time
by
prejudices.
for reforms
those
secondary
quality
a
colored
his
in
struggles,
Great
judgment
of
point
aroused,
maintenance
tests
in
events
though
difficult ; and
is very
impartial history
the
nearer
the system
and
significanceis shaped
opinions, perhaps distorted by
write
To
the
tion
disputed, his explana-
not
of their
his
know
to
holds ; for, even
he
of events
his narrative
it
SUBJECTS
of the author
personal characteristics
of
PARTICULAR
IN
WORKS
REFERENCE
Uterary
considered.
therefore
to
sought.^
be
Histories
limited
usually
are
in
particular regions, institutions,or
not
so
limited
present
general.
librarycatalogue will
the
numbers
called
are
in
the
by
or
subject
library
the
to
their
periods.
If
cards
by
which
consult
Those
properly
indicate
to
scope
class
the
of
pared,
pre-
those
regarding
any
particulartopic.
'
One
of the most
formeriy professor
who
the
included,
in
helpful of such
of
history
his Manual
and
of
critics is Charles
president
Historical
of
Kendall
Cornell
of interest to Americans,
igoi.
University,
Literature,references
leading histories in print at the time of publicationand
Adams,
to
all
likelyto be
HISTORY
There
history
are
many
that
are
concise
exhaustive?
or
there
the
table
a
characteristics
will
advance, they
least
at
be
may
treatment
profound?
or
trations?
pictorialillus-
interesting?
is
from
Is
portant,
im-
more
If these
learned
each
that
Is the
and, what
not
are
or
index?
good
and
and
diagrams
contents,
a
about
popidar
style dry
of
is there
or
Is it
maps,
Is
have
to
catalogue.
in the
it contain
Does
of information
desirable
be indicated
not
items
109
qualities
critics
observed
by
in
the
readers.
Good
would
clear
his
in the
freely for
the
text.
By
this
time
kept
to
on
time
a
topics
by
on
page
to
earn
Good
which
preserve
lists of the
with
passage
students.
the
volume
must
tioned
men-
consulted
add
to
the
their
gratitude.
references
up
number
from
If each
subject and
begins, it
of other
meet
looked
are
and
title,the
needs
pages
similar
a
illustrations
they
as
teachers
each
dent
stu-
text.
card, is headed
author, the
the
doing he fixes
atlas also is to be
of the
the
geographic feature
purpose.
to
of
lasting, he
them
so
The
good plan
a
important
to
to
every
effectiveness
It is
of
map
in his mind.
map
If the
understanding
memory
the
on
his
make
and
locate
absolutely necessary.
are
maps
and
is almost
is
gives
the
tain
cer-
busy inquirers and
WORKS
REFERENCE
no
IN
PARTICULAR
SUBJECTS
Subjectsfor Reference Practice
(Selected from
Syllabus
State
York
New
for
Secondary Schools)
Education
Greek
in
invasion
of Greece
Social life in Greece
B.C.
450
Socrates
Alexander's
conquests
patriciansand
The
the
The
Magna
The
Armada
The
Puritans
The
Long
Parliament
vikings
The
crusades
The
making
England
Charta
beiansThe
pleroad
and
roads
Roman
in
Normans
games
Persian
Britain
Early
Sparta
invention
of
the
printing press
Relations
of
and
The
paigns
cam-
The
Rome
Iroquois
eracy
confed-
Carthage
Hannibal
and
in
The
A
Europe
of the
type in the first
best
cen-
Alexander
of
engine
steam
Imprisonment
tury
for debt
Hamilton's
career
The
catacombs
The
Goths,
The
Vandals
and
Huns
After
development
the
residence
of Terror"
"Reign
The
Gauls
Roman
.
his
"
Northwest
"
Popular sovereignty
Modern
reasonable
in
philanthropy
practice,the looking
history or
any
in 1804
other
subject
up
of references
should
be
NATURAL
a
SCIENCES
pleasurable task.
and
Natural
no
It
of the
age
sciences
they
sometimes
issued
are
the
here
history, so
reference
of
out
from
question
be
must
latest
editions
consult.
to
In
following.
page
of old
To
quote
read, by preference,the
the
those
The
must
oldest."
which
value
also
Students
contain
of
a
date
almost
press.
As
Lord
the
date
on
depend largelyon
as
with
the
first
answer
is
of
of which
ing,
print-
be
is
on
books
new
or
subjects are
works
should
on
by observing
"In
Lytton,
newest
serious
work
and
The
these
on
fect
ef-
of
reliability
the
it?
general, only
ones
so
of
considered;
copyright, notice
of
date
limited
un-
Books
title-page,but
the
on
are
Uving.
of
old is
inquiry naturally is,How
found
not
to be
by observing
given
during
as
arts, and
the
vention
in-
materially
very
useful
in ways
changes
and
discoveries
natural
as
each
these
possibilities.They
subjects are
soon
rapidly
so
and
Arts
discoveries
other
of
working for.
Useeul
have
III
of confidence
sense
in their
marked
these
each
ARTS
well worth
and
world
Some
years.
modify
develops a
Sciences
followed
recent
USEFUL
in self-instruction
power
In
AND
; in
the
the
cent
re-
safe
science,
Uterature,
warned
against
misinformation.
either
the
of these
fullness
and
subjects
correct-
WORKS
REFERENCE
112
of the
ness
of
his
experience, and
of criticism
and
reviewers
competent
regarding the rehabihty of
from
reputation of
the
The
is well
which
adapted
another.
to
would
while
of the
the
For
it
of the
some
works
have
of
the
reference
for
be
nothing
book
ten
writ-
welcomed
to
use
acter,
char-
the
by
former.
erence
professions,specialrefform
of
best
high
school
as
and
concise
coUege
and
books
text-
up-to-date
books.
Pictorial
and
make
A
ist
machinin
published in the
admirably
serve
no
useless
dictionaries.
cyclopedias or
Some
and
trained
technical
perhaps
been
had
book
a
quite
in it.
might be of
trades
and
be
could
person
popular style would
latter,but
highly
a
mentioned
terms
be
may
widely;
decidedly
untrained
an
strange
in
work
a
ment.
judgtion
indica-
some
work
might
one
example,
For
want
differ
to
his
pubhsher.
the
of readers
needs
a
extent
disinterested
from
advisers,
or
and
of
soundness
the
In the absence
kind
the
knowledge,
author's
SUBJECTS
PARTICULAR
IN
illustrations
reference
or
a
and
purposes
diagrams
no
book
are
helpful,
except
cyclopedia is complete without
tionary
dic-
a
a
good
index.
Sociology
Within
does
to
recent
the
years
relations
this
of
men
subject, applying
with
each
as
other,
it
and
SOCIOLOGY
including government,
etc., has
education,
risen
in
indeed, the
history
to
underlying
bond
of
knowledge,
and
that
to
the
unity
he
though gradual, and
change
on
which
in
the
somewhat
changing
for
the
education
since the
hberahty, by
laws
advances
are
It follows
the
any
branch
them
of
in
and
criminals
in
as
is
consequence,
; and
adults
by
the
the
state
has
been
increased
compulsory,
libraries
to
in
observed
ago
fathers
only
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years
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free
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our
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prisons stands
practices. How
arts, that
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punishment
;
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theory
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them
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strong
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is followed
practice.
is based
present
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plainly undergoing
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Advances
others.
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to
one
any
and
toms,
cus-
of
will remember
student
of
some
commerce,
estimation
public
In
highest importance.
closely related
113
and
by
merous
nu-
widespread
the very
ing.
observ-
natural
sciences
in the
consulting old
subject,the
books
student
perspective,
"
not
on
should
regard
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undisputed
as
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present
the
author
One
such
material,
may
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schools.
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of
issued
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to
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respective State
the
annual, the
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World
the
the
from
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Almanac,
a
book
to
use
United
made
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the
in which
information
corresponding
a
list
For
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the
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and
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seems
number
latest
be
application
material
miscellaneous
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institutions
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No
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From
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much
;
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of
Documents,
publications
of
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available
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apphcation
Superintendent
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weighed.
be
to
be
and
knowledge
especially
are
SUBJECTS
to
statements
The
time.
PARTICULAR
IN
WORKS
REFERENCE
114
be
without
a
justly popular
is
given
of
a
great
current
statistics.
The
able
of
ocean
to
our
time
Let
our
perform
in
only
literature
is
a
even
voyage,
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reward
on
be
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that
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shore
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limit.
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?
Our
then
How
shall
if
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only
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RiNGELBERGIUS.
"
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be
LIBRARY
A
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people
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does
teachers
regular
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those
to
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honor
117
And
increasing
are
educational
the
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any
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and
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in
of
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librarian
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ECONOMY
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Il8
AND
ORGANIZATION
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CLASSIFICATION
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ECONOMY
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2
EQUIPMENT
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I20
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Relativ
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LIBRARY
ECONOMY
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classification
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libraries.
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quadruple symbol
is that
system
contraction
for
point
twenty-one
:
of the
of three
use
sufficient
and
thus
advantage
expansion
121
student
symbol
the
be
may
of each
back,
and
to
order
titles.
by
all
author, stand
Instead
off,the
ink, and
in white
shellac
with
to
prevent
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to
record
to
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and
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the
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name
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It
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ing
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make
inquirer
wanted.
are
a
resources
in classes
relation
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a
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Such
to
which
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two
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catalogue.
lows
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alphabetic order,
arranged
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that
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one
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As
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CATALOGUE
THE
If the
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By
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ical
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of
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alphabetic
in
in
shelves
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their
by
order
class
arranged
books
find the
EQUIPMENT
AND
ORGANIZATION
122
of author
in
one
and
it
usually
consists
list,title list and
alphabetic series.
The
of
subject
classed
card
The
for
in their
record, and
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There
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Of
subject.
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So the
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New
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with
regarded
one
size.
Ubrary of considerable
a
inserted
or
only
is the
form
EQUIPMENT
AND
ORGANIZATION
124
rule
class
and
the
sometimes
they
name,
tween
distinguish be-
subject of
nearly
are
not.
The
or
which
quite
subject
usually consisting of
LIBRARY
one
words,
two
or
ECONOMY
Music,
as
Animals,
Mechanical
is
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of the
Standards
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however, that
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Morality.
title
the
the
History of the English People,
Sharp Eyes,
as
when
Even
may
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Domestic
Biology,
while
Drawing,
Short
subject,as
125
how
to
do
whether
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if
where
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card
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first,
so
stantly
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collection
to
the
the
find
name
title
126
ORGANIZATION
justbelow
; the title card
of
at
the
top
subject card,
with
the
it appears
need
The
of
number
S3Tnbol is
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EQUIPMENT
AND
all books
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A
127
the
to
"call
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as
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ECONOMY
ber.
num-
"Illustrations,"
page
131ANALYTICALS
When
of
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book
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REFERENCES
question as to
heading shall be adopted.
is often
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extra
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item, indi-
for each
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CROSS
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Shall
form
a
of subject
book
on
128
classed
be
apples
for
heading
made
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Apples
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a
eral
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See
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fruits,
apples,
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The
agriculture?
EQUIPMENT
AND
ORGANIZATION
guide
to
reference.
ILLUSTRATIONS
cards
The
exactly
3
should
in.
by
lines
from
2
the
cm.
be
5
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and
(about
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i
an
inch)
and
Author
631
Ho
pkins,
Soil
tur
e.
Cyril
fertility
c.
1910.
by
12.5
cards
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contain
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from
Card
G.
and
permanent
agricul-
LIBRARY
the
edge.
left vertical
The
author's
line, and
ECONOMY
name
the
book
129
always begins
title
begins
at
the
at
the
right vertical line.
Title Card
Soil
631
fertilityand
tur
e.
Ho
pkins, Cyril G.
c.
1910.
permanent
agricul-
ORGANIZATION
I30
For
marked
AND
instead
bearing
of
pgood,
Lincoln,
number,
920.
Card
the
man
of
the
pie.
Cross
Tw
sometimes
Norman
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class
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Abraham
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the
Subject
Biography
B
cards
biography
convenience
B
EQUIPMENT
ain,
Mark,
Clemens,
Reference
Card
pseud.,
Samuel
see
Langhorne
Author
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with
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(The)
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on
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Subject
John
Benson
two
Note
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two
John
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J.
Nathan
Here
EQUIPMENT
AND
ORGANIZATION
132
spies
one
separate
book,
Each
card.
Card
see
J.
LIBRARY
ECONOMY
133
Analytical Subject
Hale, Nathan
973-3
Los
see
sing,Benson
The
J.
spies
two
Examples for
the
Does
where
contain
Ubrary
each
may
Lew
The
be
in
Rann
Kennedy,
the House;
Ralph
Waldo
Emerson,
James
Name
written
The
Lowell,
Lorna
Percival
Poems;
Thomas
She
Goldsmith,
Blackmore,
if so,
Charles
Teaching of English;
Russell
books, and
these
Hur;
Longfellow,
Essays;
Practice
found?
Wallace, Ben
Servant
Oliver
Card
Macaulay, Essays;
B.
Stoops
to
Conquer; James
Biglow Papers;
Doone;
Chubb,
John
Richard
Burroughs,
D.
John
Audubon.
the'books
by
each
in the
of the
library,if
following:
any,
that
were
EQUIPMENT
AND
ORGANIZATION
134
Dallas
Hawthorne
Nathaniel
John Ruskin
Herbert
Charles
Jacob
Louisa
Dickens
books
History
of Greece
the
Battle
does
the
library
of
Hastings
George Washington
Parliament
British
Insects
engines
Constitution
United
S. Shaler
Transportation
Raising poultry
The
Riis
A.
Gardening
weather
Steam
Conn
following subjects?
on
The
Sharp
W.
if any,
passages,
or
contain
The
L.
Nathaniel
Alcott
M.
What
Scott
Walter
John Fiske
Hygiene
of the
The
States
American
dians
In-
Trees
The
Forms
Physical
or
Books
SELECTIONS
selectingbooks,
In
good
book
from
the
by
not
binding
stiff
gaudy.
should
the
sides,and
The
be held
on
The
the
cover
know
should
paper
and
corners
outside
on
design
books
or
cords.
in
be of
clear,
good
subject to
The
a
edges protected
by something stronger
preferablyby tapes
to
glossy,the print large and
not
secure,
advantage
an
one.
poor
a
good qualitybut
it is
taste,
much
than
use
paper,
binding should
be
PHYSICAL
THE
flexible that
SO
the book
strainingthe
It is true
that
only, so
of
But
works
the
the
cheap
is
content
lesson
out
with-
or
he
is
and
of
the demand
but
of
annotations
as
they
buying
chaser
purplete
com-
a
latter, he
omissions.
The
illustrations
or
add
may
the
if the
the
issued
are
abridgment
An
purposes;
classic
or
editions
more
some
for choice.
standard
copyright and
no
tion
edi-
one
much
to
the
work.
of the
poor,
opportunity
no
extent
observed,
be
printed in
are
whether
absence
or
usefulness
often
for
135
opened widely
rival firms.
by
know
know
presence
the
is
BOOKS
injuringit permanently.
abridged work;
an
should
be
including
or
desirable
or
A
there
there is
should
should
books
firm
same
be
may
most
continues, two
for which
by
and
many,
which
on
OF
can
back
that
very
FORMS
book
than
is better
but
valuable;
provided
none,
low-priced goods
are
expensivein the end, and there is a fine ethical
manship
in every
possessionthat exhibits good workthe
and
Incongruity between
good taste.
physicalform
of
of its author
should
a
book
and
should
the character
be avoided.
Great
representedby substantial,even
be
and
ing
standauthors
handsome,
editions.
MAGAZINES
Some
of
in
the
best
magazines.
material
Without
for reference
a
catalogue of
has
peared
ap-
articles
136
it is
AND
difficult,however,
to
learn
of
them,
considerable
any
number
articles
find
to
EQUIPMENT
ORGANIZATION
Such
needed.
useless
is
there
included
are
expensive
hand
on
list.
in the
stock
a
Only
a
at
when
best, and
of the
few
odicals
peri-
of the
best
for schools.^
suitable
very
where
know
to
or
of
contents
particular subject
any
catalogues are
unless
magazines
on
the
DETINITIONS
ordinary
In
or
together in
printed
in
copy
sheets
a
once
a
extended
cover.
A
with
book
is
in
year
small
book
book
that
may
to
a
characterization
of
is bound
collection
of
manuscript
is
a
author's
a
is
published regularly
revised
edition.
carried
be
subject ;
in the
manual
A
hand
; an
handbook.
a
Periodicals
to
periodicals,see
Walter's
for the
Periodicals
Library (publiclibrary).
Small
For
a
catalogue of
to Periodical
Guide
sixth,ninth, and
articles in the
Literature.
twelfth
listed in the
same
pretty well supplied with
so
A
cover.
Relating
'Publications
For
is
pamphlet
which
or
elementary guide
that
typewriting.
or
new
a
singlework
a
article,especiallyan
or
a
is either
work
paper
a
handwriting
annual
An
is
one
unprinted
an
an
of
part
any
volume
a
usage,
much
numbers
year.
leading periodicalssee
It is
Small
of this kind, but
in the nearest
public library.
a
mention
schools
periodicalswould
work
for
the
third,
of all articles
ously
previ-
published monthly, and
contain
it
can
not
or
any
Readers'
The
others
be warranted
that
in
probably be found
are
not
expending
and
sulted
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THE
A
PHYSICAL
series is
succession
a
subjects, or
and
issued
of books
is
a
the
form
edition
is
or
covered
cloth)or
when
size of
is
been
; in
cover
edition
An
is
one
annotated
is
by
from
one
omitted.
is of flexible
cover
when
incased
therefore
cardboard
of coarse,
half leather
in
cardboard;
the
(a kind
are
is either
accompanied
it is of stiff
leaf,and
a
revised
the
full leather
of the
corners
The
has
text
leather
edition
new
text
cloth, buckram
with
copiesprinted
abridged edition
when
or
of
changed.
is in paper
cloth,buckram
number
scheme.
or
hterary work
a
been
An
in boards
paper;
in which
the
lated
re-
collection
a
plan
a
A
in which
one
Binding
and
has
set is
lot.
new
a
on
general title
A
A
137
articles
common
time.
one
part of the
a
form
whole
comments.
or
which
at
of which
text
notes
a
form.
common
(a) the
BOOKS
or
that, together, complete
published
new
OF
of books
bearing
published ; (b) the
and
a
in
edition is
An
FORMS
when
the
is
able
durback
in leather.
the
of
measure
a
approximately by a term which
fractional part of a large sheet that has
book, is indicated
indicates
been
the
folded
to
of leaves
The
make
into
greater the
A
sheet
leaves, four
pages,
an
the
of
leaves.
which, like
which
so,
number
the
smaller
it,and
of the
indirectly,the
sheet
has
folds, the
folded
been
makes
largest size; and
atlas, is made
of very
folded.
and
more
once
ber
num-
a
the
two
book
large leaves
is
138
called
a
leaf.
of
AND
ORGANIZATION
A
folio.
This
word
second
fold makes
A
literallyeighth.
Folding
The
sheet
a
sizes thus
to
the
to
which
of
school
reader
follows
cm.
List
hshers'
the
leaves
indicate
makes
called
octaxo,
octavo.
an
leaves, twenty-four
;
folio,30
20
from
Copyright
book
the United
the
trimmed.
There
is
to
to
lists.
them.
cost
is the
of
by the American
quarto, 25
cm.
to
25
cm.
;
cm.
prices advertised
Discounts
Net
be
pub-
the
prices
sold,and
they
do
transportation.
States
government
and
an
right
may
by
D.C.
publish and
to
be
obtained
from
the
author.
Two
application and
deposited with
Congress, Washington,
in
sometimes
may
prices are
will not
years
be
in inches
as
for 28
dollar,must
ency
tend-
a
are
exclusive
copies,accompanied by
extent
respective heights
35
full
the books
the
used, and
the
cm.
cataloguesor
according
by giving dimensions
cm.
the
prices are
include
somewhat
recommended
As
octavo,
which
a
fold
is
pages,
ordinary
is
that
are
sizes
:
allowed
below
size
a
twelve
sheet
Library Association,
one
The
third
A
designated vary
centimeters.
sell
leaves, eight
pages,
make
to
size of the
to
not
folium, meaning
gives a size called duodecimo, Uterally twelfth.
pages,
be
four
quarto.
a
eight leaves, sixteen
30
is from
size called quarto, \\te.xa\b/
fourth.
a
large dictionary is
or
EQUIPMENT
A
the
a
fee of
Librarian
renewal
of
of
copy-
in that code
embodied
To
1.
a
open
the
table
few
leaves
in the
same
with
from
reached.
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in
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For
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pencil or
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characterized
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them
shelves
to
them
strains
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for
works
of the
lean
to
thin
mark
book-
a
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of years
ago.
Piling
their front
on
backs
Such
of art
books.
the
as
with
repaired.
hundreds
forms
with
telltale.
a
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object
other, standing them
allowing
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thick
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moistened
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Preserve
4.
any
injury that
an
them
with
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sanitary. They
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use
down
Turning
paper.
to
as
easily except
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the
The
them.
bookmark
a
has
wide
so
open
and
clean
by rubbing
turn
middle
repulsive by holding
unsightly and
made
never
side, and
injury is permanent.
the
books
the
Keep
2.
opened
be
a
; follow
other
till the
on
open
down
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on
side
to
book
a
then
them
press
few
a
side
If
time, place it
first
edge down;
back
side and
way
rules
simple
few
a
are
the
book
the
one
on
Here
:
new
with
alternate
so
it.
violate
knowingly
EQUIPMENT
AND
ORGANIZATION
I40
right
and
or
the
destroys
5.
regular forms.
Stand
them
shelves, otherwise
together
in
rather
removing
them
loosely
the
on
the
sides after
ACCESSIONS
a
short
backs
time
become
may
become
may
tightlypacked
141
marred
pulling them
from
torn
by rubbing, or
the
of
out
a
mass.
Accessions
accumulating
is moral
There
of
is
owner
his moral
and
the
A
he
company
wiU
If
well bound
and
pride
and
weU-bred
whose
older
nothing
at
to
They
but
or
is
that
source
delights in
early begin
they wiU
and
and
those
necessarily expensive.
tions
collec-
make
need
even
may
to
the
need
guidance
protection
undiscriminatingfriends
birthday gifts of books
recommend
price ;
one
weU-dressed,
a
society one
but
them
vicious, the vulgar and
any
choose
constant
a
It is like
In this
generous
holiday
make
The
own.
persons.
those
is
is like
select books
book
by
likes to imitate.
one
of their
from
whose
people should
Young
of
tastilyillustrated
person
ways
always possibleto
satisfaction.
ber
cali-
selectingbooks
possibleto
the
by
is known
man
rightly selected, a good
read.
of
It is not
it is
"A
and
keeps ;"
associates,but
one's
made
of his tastes, his mental
character.
choosing friends.
ownership
mere
collection
private
indication
an
library
strength in the
books.
good
a
their
the inane
of the
best
that
who
have
cheapness.
would
quaHty
be dear
are
not
Whether
the
uplift or
abUity
degrade depends
to
individual; and
it shall
take
teacher
a
but
much,
considerably
inexhaustible
pupils toward
is pure,
and
sets
influences.
to
The
wall
a
up
outlook
of
collections
;
school
and
of
turn
parents.
faithful
is
skill
and
wiU
add
faces the
pleasure that
protection against evil
must
be
never
lack
hopeless through
grow
and
teacher
sources
habits
the
interest
successful
The
more.
and
and
and
to
means
judgment
Understanding
be added.
must
teachers
on
enough;
it is not
a
taste
conscientious
be
to
the
on
be
responsibilityfor
heavily
rests
shall
read
to
of each
For
EQUIPMENT
AND
ORGANIZATION
142
of
permitted
suitable
public libraries
private
supply
must
all deficiencies.
No
library,public
and
make
so
;
for the
personnel,or
their
ever
if it
were
even
not, without
readers
are
growing
are
points
of
more
view, and
constantly supplanting
are
must
it up
A
private, is
perfect; but,
it so, it could
long
or
therefore
to date
good
be
and
book
indeed, only
is well
time,
made
to meet
is not
a
new
constantly changing
mature,
a
to
any
or
old
and
to
for
individual
bright boy
time
varying
of any
or
books
Additions
ones.
time
in
ing
chang-
are
newly published
proportion
adapted
possible to
accessions, remain
necessarilygood
small
and
from
plete
really com-
to
keep
conditions.
everybody
;
lection
general colat
girl can
any
ticular
par-
exhaust
ACCESSIONS
the
of
resources
personal need
at
variety
is
material
always
There
and
the
then, duties
their
to
the
other
from
the
Fresh
collection.
well
library as
the
in
without
equipment
considerable
school
and
one
credit, active
directions
or
the
her
or
Hbrary.
pupils. The
not
A
in the
toward
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meet
school
a
interest
teacher, if
to
any
in
the
to
period.
one
renews
toward
often,
are
collection
any
desirable
are,
duties
as
small
a
143
Ubrarian
same
person,
securing
waiting for
supervisory
sions
acces-
tions
sugges-
officer
or
person.
SELECTION
largely does
So
the
teacher
and
that
advice
buying
depend
so
the
on
seems
disinterested
Some
the
on
affect the
The
of
the
the
of
competent,
sought when
lists
that
selectingand
of
judgment
published
tions,
selec-
the
of the school
task
be
and
of the books
character
welfare
should
advisers
librarian
the
suitabilityof
simple
far from
wise.
of
success
vitallydoes
bought
are
the
sary.
neces-
exceedingly
are
helpful.i
'
Paragraphs relatingto this subject
pages
to
meet
Literary values
specificneeds
as
; Discrimination
have
follows
been
inserted
ous
previ-
:
in choice ;
Selectingreference
; Selectingworks
(in general); Selecting cyclopedias
of science; Selecting sociologicalworks;
works
books.
in the
of
works
ing
history; Select-
Physical forms
of
In
positive value
of
mediocre, and
importance
The
and
for
dry
This
grade,
that
school
from
provided
inducing
present
of
good
the
in
the
child
to
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out
hand, withstance.
sub-
without
needs
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highest, should
the
for
imposing
suitable
other
froth
mere
teacher
The
who
has
be
had
a
and
interesting,
light
than
in that
history,science
and
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only
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of fiction
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to
be
travels
haps
per-
there
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by offering
of which
poems,
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to
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part of the Hbrary.
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are
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be
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for.
; yet
it
works
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value
The
of
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without
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profound
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The
to
are
needs
the
to
readers.
readers
scholarlyadults, and,
In
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adapted
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offeringany
in
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should
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them
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order
in the
price.
the others.
with
forth
Hterary form, physical
subject matter,
of their
the
are
set
or
Rated
be
books
Most
passages
be harmful.
are
books
tastes
contain
many
and
form
excellence.
and
would
ideals that
should
literaryform, the books
and
content
EQUIPMENT
AND
ORGANIZATION
144
He
are
No
wants
singular. Biography,
furnish
interest-
ACCESSIONS
ing
material
without
should
be
145
end.
observed
A
in
reasonable
tion
propor-
selectingbooks
and
in
reading.
It is
just as
their
titles
their
names
unwise
only
as
only.
character
select books
to
to
choose
A
title
or
The
one
is another.
by considering
friends
a
by considering
is
name
is
no
thing ;
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indication
sure
of the other.
is
It
generally unwise
it is much
fare.
like
The
such
idea
is
the
of
in art
pleasing picture to
but
children
unit
in
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that
a
size
has
At
not
library where
It is
at
sold
become
of
the
the
eye,
taking
or
any
been
beautiful
sizes
set
a
children
winning
have
some
other
works,
choose
in
to
in
to
a
prices.
;
any
break
binding
in
the
the
order
a
and
school
shelves.
case
books
of them
by subscription. None
and, if stiU wanted, they can be
greatly reduced
a
withdrawing
quahty
access
and
whole
a
cause
by
set
to
present
as
to
to
rate, uniformity
a
carried
tiresome
and
bindings
generally unwise, except
and
are
to
as
distinctiveness,or
complete
book.
biU
a
for
easily be
can
generally reluctant
are
lacks
on
watchword
good
a
uniformity
Uniform
repugnant.
named
series ;
or
teacher.
extreme
an
full sets
taking everything
Discriminate
librarian and
take
to
are
had
of cyclopedia
that
pensable,
indis-
later
146
ORGANIZATION
Thin
the
have
editions
paper
private library,but
they
usage
for
certain
are
EQUIPMENT
AND
some
they
to
advantages
for
withstand
the
cannot
receive
in
collection
a
tended
in-
general service.
Bibliographies
A
bibliography
is
particular subject
or
for
a
list of
author,
particular
a
from
a
that
been
accumulated
for sale.
offered
A
the
chieflyto
subject or
in
to
be
consulted
may
be
bought.
prevail.
the
Both
by
some
and
by
state
and
is
the person
for
A
helpfulin
and
needed
scholars
on
charge
is sometimes
ticular
par-
does
not
and
they
always
librarian
of
various
and
a
copies
terms
issued
are
and
the
by
education,
associations
specialists.
or
the
advise
case
terest
in-
guidance
what
the
by
of education
given
a
where
departments
request,
a
desires
distinction
state
individual
department
small
be
pursuing
show
chieflyto
where
or
are
particular purpose;
a
public libraries,by
library will, on
most
who
Bibliographies
the
that
or
student
This
may
teacher.
national
or
reading
who
ommended
rec-
list of books
a
is of value
catalogue is of value
may
is
a
differs
It
purpose.
for
and
bibliography
selections
making
relating to
classified
or
catalogue, which
somewhat
have
books
nearest
which
how
made
for
public
would
to obtain
those
The
be
them.
pub-
148
ORGANIZATION
dealers
prices
made
in
from
directly
lot
one
and
a
in
list
be
can
publishers.
separate
saving
from
purchases
though
the
effects
discounts
Buying
transportation
charges
postage.
books
ordering
In
the
title,
and
binding
is
title
a
obtained,
be
can
liberal
and
jobbers,
or
EQUIPMENT
AND
if
the
money
The
treating
desirable.
should
advance.
order
or
purchase
of
the
the
be
by
of
same
If
other
Prices
given.
be
may
exact
items
well
as
be
may
made
are
should
shipment
office
express
Payment
edition
The
one.
the
dealer.
author,
particular
than
more
the
express,
office
in
are
the
the
give
to
necessary;
to
by
post
desirable
and
there
absolutely
made
is
pubMsher
the
convenience
be
it
by
as
tained
ob-
postal
draft.
more
than
subject
one
is
seldom
expensive
necessary
work
or
COURSE
OF
INSTRUCTION
As
be
given
advances
pupil
than
More
the
school
his
of
with
books
them
for
;
and
that
purposes
should
his
he
so
should
will
of
to
as
in
as
be
lead
the
of
so
acquire
in
manner
best
held
that
he
knowledge,
the
to
be
brought
unconsciously
of
to
as
occasion
on
reading
he
acquisition
the
instruction
reading
he
this,
matter
work
in
definite
more
systematize
may
in
the
as
other
any
constantly
a
which
possible
to
ready
should
strict
results.
account
of
part
into
contact
skill
in
reference.
_
j^^g
he
Baldwin.
his
using
LESSONS
FOR
through
All
stands
in
to
first
the
in
form
subject.
habit
the
policy
school.
No
In
due
in
a
be
systematic
in
study
given,
looking
school
secondary
the
elementary
give
can
up
ences
refer-
easy
arise,
preparation
This
way.
gressive
pro-
benefit.
occasions
as
books,
is the
school
the
success
good
good
in
in
to
books,
lasting
practice
key
read
to
every
done
and
great
time,
should
work
the
good
in
pursued
such
read,
To
English
courses,
is
It
reading
of
other
of
promise
school
public
importance.
other
every
SCHOOLS
ELEMENTARY
wiU
for
always
severer
prove
most
helpful.
This
should
outline
The
necessary.
FOR
The
How
to
open
How
to
hold
Cleanliness
Preservation
care
a
a
should
lessons
OUTLINE
new
book
modified
be
be
simple.
SCHOOLS
ELEMENTARY
of books
extended
or
{Grades
1-4)
book
and
turn
the
leaves
as
OF
COURSE
152
dictionary {Grades 5-8)
The
Finding
INSTRUCTION
words
Alphabetic arrangement
Thumb
index
top guide words
;
SpeUing
Capitals; hyphens
Pronunciation
Division
into
syllables
Accent
Diacritical
marks
Definitions
Selection
Abbreviations
from
a
that
series
frequently appear
in
body
Special sections
Gazetteer
(geographicaldictionary)
Biographical dictionary
The
How
to
use
to
find
index
subject matter
The
table of contents
The
index
of
and
cyclopedia {Grades 7-8)
Special
Book
(Grades 7-8)
table of contents
The
How
atlas
quotations
aids
{Grades y-8)
of work
LESSONS
The
How
to
lessons
add
to
the
of any
Lessons
for
mere
to
course
that
tendencies
to
avoided
that
:
of the
exactly as
of the
class and
needs
and
already have,
who
changes
local
meet
ought
the
worthy
This
to
to be
do
or
one
class may
should
course
conditions
so.
given
The
to each
secondary school
of the
name.
that
of
that
out
of the
which
therefore
must
be
is best
for
the
best
be
on
soon
if it has
for
modified
perfectly if
lessons
cious
capri-
frequently
so
be
a
knowledge
There
not
more
class
stickler
outlined, regardless
his direction
instruction, but
individual
occasion
to
presenting these lessons,two
be
utmost
to
as
Schools
detail
in the
another.
so
riculum.
cur-
school.
prevent his arrivinganywhere.
order
one
condensed
the
the students
to
full
conscientiously foUows
person,
as
in
make
"
already
an
the
profitable,
more
to
to
as
form, who
of the
that
way
Secondary
for
It is advised
a
and
small
supplement
to
easily be
can
needs
opposite
153
title
such
subject
new
They
serve
in
enjoyable
a
and
intended
subjects
easier,more
not
SCHOOLS
of author
are
of other
study
SECONDARY
library catalogue {Grades y-S)
find entries
These
it
FOR
there
is
library economy
after its entrance
access
to
a
library
OF
COURSE
154
Although
this
outHne
formidable, it should
work
has
already been
done, in the
the
briefest
Instruction
books
subject, and
of
to
open
to be
a
it should
have
to
that
of very
of the
some
failure.
the part of the students
This
care
course
is
a
very
practical
accordingly.
SECONDARY
elementary
trations
illus-
by abundant
SCHOOLS
as
found
desirable)
of books
book
new
Preservation
Special
table
The
index
aids
in
finding references
of contents
The
Finding
English dictionary
words
Alphabetic arrangement
Thumb
index
of
satisfactorily
Cleanliness
The
been
library and of reference
be treated
FOR
a
school, and
of the
some
ought
or
practiceon
The
How
that
accompanied
continual
OUTLINE
(Review
observed
disposed
use
is not
is certain
somewhat
appear
mention.
in the
which
and
be
may
may
done,
elementary
remainder
the
by
be
INSTRUCTION
;
top guide words
156
(pictorial)
Illustrations
Brief
history of the English language
Guide
pronunciation
to
cyclopedia
The
How
to
subject matter
find
subject word
of
Selection
technical
Common;
General
Classed
INSTRUCTION
OF
COURSE
as
specific
;
:
Elementary
Concise
Scholarly
Exhaustive
Reference
The
in
geography
atlas
How
The
works
table
to use
of contents
and
index
gazetteer
Reference
works
in
literature
Forms
Book
of
quotations ;
How
to
find
How
to
trace
concordance
quotations
allusions
Literary values
Discrimination
in choice
;
anthology
LESSONS
FOR
SECONDARY
Reference
Relation
history
of
SCHOOLS
works
in
157
history
geography, biography,
to
Htera-
etc.
ture,
information
Supplemental
be
to
found
in all
Author
characteristics
Personal
Critical
estimate
and
Character
General
mental
and
attitude
of works
of treatment
scope
special
or
Text
Concise
or
extended
Popiilar or scientific
General
outline
Table
and
Value
of contents
use
of
:
Maps
Geographical;
historical
Diagrams
Illustrations
Historical
(pictorial)
scenes
; historical
objects; portraits
Index
Reference works
in
natural
sciences
Importance
of
consulting recent
date
of
copyright and
and
experience
and
works.
for author's
useful
arts
Regard
for
knowledge