How To Figure out Your Competitor’s Formula ? Deformulating Complex Polymer Systems
Transcription
How To Figure out Your Competitor’s Formula ? Deformulating Complex Polymer Systems
Webinar – Oct. 23, 2012 How To Figure out Your Competitor’s Formula ? Deformulating Complex Polymer Systems by LC-IR Coupled Technology Tracy Phillpott, Sr. Apps Chemist Dr. Ming Zhou, Director of Apps Engineering Spectra Analysis Instruments Inc., Marlborough, MA Contact: [email protected] 1 OUTLINE Introduction: LC-IR Coupled Technology DiscovIR System: Instrumentation & Features LC-IR to Deformulate Complex Polymer Systems Case #1: HPLC-IR to Deformulate a UV Curable Coating Case #2: GPC-IR to Deformulate a Conductive Ink Case #3: To Deformulate Additives in Lubricant Oil & Others Summary Q&A 2 Coupled Technologies & Major Applications LC-MS Separation Detection & Data Analysis Applications LC-IR LiquidChromatography Chromatography Liquid Mass Spectroscopy Small Molecules Proteins InfraRed Red Infra Spectroscopy Spectroscopy Copolymer Compositions Polymer Mixtures Additive Analysis LC = GPC / SEC or HPLC GPC-IR Coupled Technology for Polymers: Principle & Information Output GPC Separation of the Polymers by MW or Size Infrared Spectroscopy for Compositional Information Principle of a LC-IR Coupled System LC DiscovIR-LC •Chromatography eluant is nebulized and stripped of mobile phase in the Hyphen •Analytes deposited as a track on a rotating ZeSn disk. •Track passes through IR energy beam of built-in interferometer. •A time-ordered set of IR spectra are captured as a data file set. LC-IR Coupled System System Control Data Processing Deposition Microscopic FTIR Hyphen Desolvation HPLC or GPC Schematic View of LC-IR System GPC or HPLC Hyphen: A Proprietary Desolvation Technology N2 Addition Thermal From LC Nebulization Cyclone Evaporator Cyclone Evaporator Air Cooled Condenser Chilled Condenser Particle Stream to DiscovIR Patent pending: PCT/US2007/ 025207 Waste Solvent Desolvation Stage #1: The Thermal Nebulization The thin-wall stainless steel capillary tube nebulizer is regulated to evaporate approximately half the solvent (electric heating). Solvent expansion upon conversion to vapor increases the nebulizer back pressure and create a high-speed jet of micrometersized liquid droplets that contain all the solute. Gradients are acceptable as it is a self regulating system (gradient changes monitored by changes in electrical resistance). Desolvation Stage #2: Inside the Cyclone Evaporator Centrifugal force holds the droplets (solute) near the cyclone wall. Just before the droplet goes to dryness, its volume to surface ratio becomes small enough that it is dragged out of the cavity by the exiting solvent vapor. Evaporative cooling protects the solute from both evaporation and degradation by limiting the maximum solute temperature to the solvent boiling point. The solvent boiling point is reduced by operating the cyclone in a vacuum. ZnSe Sample Disk Rotate at tunable speed 10-0.3 mm/min Unattended overnight runs/10h The yellow ZnSe disk is under vacuum with NO moisture or CO2 interference Disk Temp: - 50C ~ 100C Transmission IR analysis is done on the solid deposit. Re-usable after solvent cleaning Mid-IR transparent 11 What is Direct Deposition FTIR? Separated Dot Depositing on Disk Separated Dots from HPLC-IR Continuous Polymer Tracks (GPC-IR) Features of DiscovIR-LC System Real-Time On-line Detection Microgram Sensitivity All GPC/SEC Solvents: e.g. THF, TCB, HFIP, Chloroform, DMF All HPLC Solvents, Gradients & Volatile Buffers e.g. Water, ACN, Methanol, THF, DMSO … High Quality Solid Phase Transmission IR Spectra Fully Automated Operation: No More Manual Fractionation Multi-Sample Processing: 10 Hr ZnSe Disk Time GPC-IR: Direct Deposition & Data Processing ZnSe Disk 14 OUTLINE Introduction: LC-IR Coupled Technology DiscovIR System: Instrumentation & Features LC-IR to Deformulate Complex Polymer Systems Case #1: HPLC-IR to Deformulate a UV Curable Coating Case #2: GPC-IR to Deformulate a Conductive Ink Case #3: To Deformulate Additives in Lubricant Oil & Others Summary Q&A 16 Case #1: De-Formulate a UV Curable Coating by HPLC-IR HPLC-IR Operating Conditions for the Coating Deformulation LC System Settings: Agilent 1200 • • • • • • HPLC Column: Eclipse XDB-C18, 4.6 x150mm Mobile Phase: A & B at 1.0 ml/min Flow Rate Solvent A: Water with 0.1% Formic Acid Solvent B: Methanol with 0.1% Formic Acid Gradient: B% linear ramp from 1%-95% in 0-30’, hold at 95%B in 30-40’. Injection Volume: 75l IR Detection: DiscovIR-LC® • • • • Cyclone Temperature: 180oC Condenser Temperature: 5oC ZnSe Disk Temperature: -10oC Disk Speed: 3 mm/min Sample Preparation • 100 mg of the coating sample was dissolved in 10 ml methanol and the solution was filtered through 0.45 m PTFE filter before HPLC injection. The sample concentration was ~ 10 mg/ml (1.0%). Commercial IR Database Search for Component A (Blue): Ethyl Acrylate Index 707 % Match 71.09 724 750 69.15 68.43 Compound Name Ethyl Acrylate Hydroxylpropyl Acrylate 1,6-Hexanediol Diacrylate Library Coatings Technology (Thermo) Coatings Technology (Thermo) Coatings Technology (Thermo) Commercial IR Database Search for Component B (Blue): TMP Triacrylate Index 754 759 757 % Match 97.86 95.98 95.24 Compound Name Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate Dipentaerythritol Triacrylate Pentaerythritol Triacrylate Library Coatings Technology (Thermo) Coatings Technology (Thermo) Coatings Technology (Thermo) Online IR Library Search from FTIRsearch.com for Peak C (Red) at 26.77’ Correlation search with auto baseline correction ON Overlay view displayed Peak C: Pentaerythritol Triacrylate (Top Match) IR Database Search for Component D (Aqua): Photomer 6022: Urethane Acrylate NH Index 807 % Match 94.88 754 757 93.56 93.44 Compound Name Photomer 6022: Urethane Acrylate Oligmer, Hexafunctional Aromatic Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate Pentaerythritol Triacrylate Library Coatings Technology (Thermo) Coatings Technology (Thermo) Coatings Technology (Thermo) Online IR Library Search from FTIRsearch.com for Peak E (Red) at 29.51’ Correlation search with auto baseline correction ON Overlay view displayed Peak E: Photomer 6022 (Urethane Acrylate) as the Top Match Online IR Library Search from FTIRsearch.com for Peak F (Red) at 30.50’ Peak F: Photomer 6022 (Urethane Acrylate) as the Top Match Deformulation Results of the UV Curable Coating by HPLC-IR A = Ethyl Acrylate B = TMP Triacrylate C = Pentaerythritol Triacrylate D = Photomer 6022 Urethane Acrylate Oligomer E FG Degradation Study of PEG-1000 Pharmaceutical Excipient Reverse-Phase HPLC-IR with H2O/ACN; PEG-1000 before Degradation 1116 cm-1 Max Band Chromatogram Case #2: Deformulate a Flexible Conductive Ink by GPC-IR Silver ink paste filled with Ag particles (~80% Wt) • Designed to screen print flexible circuitry such as membrane switches • Extremely flexible after curing at 150°C for 30 minutes • Very conductive even under 20x folding / crease stress tests (ASTM F1683). 5 times better than the next competitor • Understand the unique formulation technology • Deformulate the complex polymer system Deformulating the Conductive Ink GPC-IR Chromatogram Column: 2 x Jordigel DVB Mixed Bed Mobile Phase: THF at 1.0 ml/min Sample Conc.:~5 mg/ml in THF Injection Volume: 60 μl IR Detector Res.: 8 cm-1 ZnSe Disk Temp.: -10°C Cyclone Temp.: 130°C Condenser Temp.: 15°C Disk Speed: 12 mm/min High MW Low MW GPC Elution Time Stacked IR Spectra of Components A, B, C at their MWD Apexes NH Commercial IR Database Search for Polymer A (Red): Polyester Index 434 450 467 443 466 % Match 96.63 95.96 95.65 95.06 94.45 Compound Name Amoco Resin PE-350 Polyester Dynapol LH-812 Polyester Vitel VPE-222F Polyester Dynapol L-411 Vitel PE-200 Library Coatings Technology Coatings Technology Coatings Technology Coatings Technology Coatings Technology (Thermo) (Thermo) (Thermo) (Thermo) (Thermo) Commercial IR Database Search for Polymer B (Blue): Polyurethane NH OH Index 503 949 424 944 212 % Match 88.13 87.51 87.33 87.29 86.86 Compound Name Spensol L-53 UROTUF L-53 Polyester Polyol 0305 Polycaprolactone Polyester Polyol 0200 UCAR Cyracure UVR-6351 Polyurethane Commercial IR Database Search for Component C (Red): Cross-linker O O O N N O HN (H2C)6 N O N H (CH2)6 N N O O (CH2)6 O HN N O Index 834 3249 9302 615 860 % Match 92.47 65.30 64.76 62.15 62.05 Compound Name Desmodur LS-2800, CAS# 93919-05-2, MW 766, Cross-linking Agent Caffeine; 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine Monophenylbutazone Betulinic acid; 3-Hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid Spenlite M-27 Reverse-Engineering the Conductive Ink by GPC-IR Deformulation • C: Desmodur LS-2800 • Ketoxime blocked HDI trimer • Latent cross-linking agent C Curing (150oC / 30 min) B A • De-blocked C cross-linking with Polymer B Chains • Interpenetrating with Polymer A • Lock Ag fillers in place to form conductive circuitry • Super flexibility & elasticity • Superior end-use properties Case #3: Deformulate Lubricant Additives in SAE 15W-40 Motor Oil Identification of additives such as stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, etc. Stability: ageing & failure analysis Additive Y 12 11 Additive X 10 9 8 3500 3000 2500 2000 Wavenumber, cm-1 Low MW mineral oil (~85%) diverted after 12.2 min 1500 1000 GPC Elution Time (Min. & MW) Deformulation of Motor Oil Additive X at RT 9.2 Minutes Shell Rotella T Heavy Duty 15W-40 9.2 minute eluant 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 wavenumber, cm-1 In-House IR database search: Styrene-Acrylate Copolymer Deformulation of Motor Oil Additive Y at RT 12 Minutes Shell Rotella T Heavy Duty 15W-40 12 minute eluant 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 wavenumber, cm-1 In-House IR database search: Polyisobutenyl Succinimide (PIBS) Additive Deformulation in Motor Oil Lubricant by GPC-IR • De-formulated polymeric additives X & Y in motor oil lubricant • Additive X at retention time 9.2 minutes Narrow MW distribution ~ average 600K (GPC) Styrene-Acrylate copolymer (IR database search) Viscosity Index improver • Additive Y at retention time 10-12 minutes Broad MW range: 8-30K (GPC) Polyisobutenyl Succinimide (PIBS) (IR database search) Dispersant for metal particles • Polymer degradation study Analyze polymer breakdown or cross-linking by GPC Detect oxidized intermediates or degradants by IR Oil change schedule Polymer Additive Analysis HPLC-IR of Polymer Extract HPLC Conditions: C A D B Columns: guard+ Eclipse C18 50mm x 46mm 5um Mobile phase: Grad. 75-100% AcN (5min)-100%AcN(5min) in Water, 1ml/min DiscovIR Conditions: Nebulizer 2.2W, Carrier gas 400cc, Disk Speed 3mm/min, Disk Temp. -110ºC, Pressure Chamber: 6.58 torr Condenser (single) temp. 10ºC, Cyclone temperature: 200ºC Additive Identification by HPLC-IR In-House Database Search Results A B D C Polymer Additive Analysis by GPEC-IR for PDMS in THF/H2O PolyDiMethyl Siloxane is Difficult to be Detected by UV or RI. IR is an Universal Detector for Organics Y X Y X Z Z Additive Analysis LC-IR Application Scope • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Stabilizers: AO, HALS, UV Stabilizers, Anti-hydrolysis Surfactants: Polymeric silicones, Foaming Agents Flexibilizer: Toughners Thickeners: Dispersants Colorants: Polymeric Curing Agents: Crosslinkers Processing Aids: Mold Release Agents, Lubricants Biocides: Anti-foul Agents Anti-Static Agents Anti-Flammable Agents Anti-Caking / Settling Agents Corrosion Inhibitors Catalysts Plasticizers Contaminants, Leachables, Impurities, By-Products 41 OUTLINE Introduction: LC-IR Coupled Technology DiscovIR System: Instrumentation & Features LC-IR to Deformulate Complex Polymer Systems Case #1: HPLC-IR to Deformulate a UV Curable Coating Case #2: GPC-IR to Deformulate a Conductive Ink Case #3: To Deformulate Additives in Lubricant Oil & Others Summary Q&A 42 Summary: LC-IR to Deformulate Complex Polymer Mixtures • LC-IR is well suited to deformulate complex polymer systems Separation of all the components of a mixture (polymer and small molecules) Detection of each component by IR (solid phase transmission) Identification by IR database search (commercial & proprietary databases) • Useful: For competitive analysis / IP protection To find specific raw material supplier For problem solving / trouble shooting / contamination analysis • Applicable to coatings, adhesives, inks, sealants, elastomers, plastics, rubbers, composites, biopolymers … Summary: GPC-IR to Deformulate Complex Polymer Systems IR Spectra X? Y? High MW IR ID IR Database Search Z? Low MW A-B Copolymer Product Name & Supplier C Polymer Product # & Supplier Additive Brand Name & Supplier Application Notes Available Deformulating UV Coating System by LC-IR Technology Deformulating Polymeric Ink Formula by GPC-IR Technology Lubricants Analysis Characterization of a Hot-Melt Adhesive by LC-IR Analysis of Polymer Blends by GPC-FTIR Polymer Characterization by Combined ChromatographyInfrared Spectroscopy (article published in LCGC) www.spectra-analysis.com DiscovIR Users Dow Chemical Du Pont BASF WR Grace SABIC Afton Chemical Nissan (Japan) China Mining Univ. Novartis Merck Johnson & Johnson Shire Pharma Lawrence Livermore National Lab Oak Ridge National Laboratory Naval Research Laboratory US Army Aberdeen Proving Ground Canada Border Control State Police: Forensic Labs AL, LA, VT, PA, MD, VA, GA ...... Polymers Polymers Polymers Polymers Polymers Polymers Polymers Polymers Polymer (Pharma) Polymer (Pharma) Polymer (Pharma) Polymer (Pharma) Trace Analysis Environmental Organics Forensics Forensics Forensics Contact Information Ming Zhou, PhD Director of Applications Engineering 508-281-6276 [email protected] Tracy Phillpott Senior Applications Chemist 864-751-4834 [email protected] Rita Barbagallo Technical Sales Representative 864-751-4833 [email protected] www.spectra-analysis.com OUTLINE Introduction: LC-IR Coupled Technology DiscovIR System: Instrumentation & Features LC-IR to Deformulate Complex Polymer Systems Case #1: HPLC-IR to Deformulate a UV Curable Coating Case #2: GPC-IR to Deformulate a Conductive Ink Case #3: To Deformulate Additives in Lubricant Oil & Others Summary Q&A 48 Polymer & Small Molecule Analysis by GPC-IR for ABS Plastic w/ No Extraction Step GPC-IR Chromatogram (Blue) for ABS Sample and Ratio Plot of Nitrile/Styrene (2240 cm-1/1495 cm-1 in Green). Polymers Small Molecules Additives Impurities Degradants Polymer Additive Analysis GPC-IR for ABS Plastic w/ No Extraction Step IR spectra at different elution times across the low MW peak of the SEC analysis of ABS. Spectra indicate presence of multiple components. Comparison of Max Band (Black) & Selected Band Chromatograms Max Band Default At 1730 cm-1 Band 1690 cm-1 Band 1510 cm-1 A B Band 730 cm-1 C Elution Time (Min.) Summary: GPC-IR to Characterize Copolymer Compositions across MWD A-B Composition Drifts & Variations Supplier-to-Supplier Lot-to-Lot Variations B IR Spectra A/B Ratios A C Built-in Feature/Difference for ID Copolymer R&D / Process Control & Incoming QC for Users Summary: GPC-IR to Characterize Copolymer Degradation from Ageing / Processing A/B Ratios Degradation A-B Degradation C Degradants Loss of Functional Group A (Reduced A/B Ratios) Polymer Breakdown ( Lower MW Degradants) Cross-linking ( Higher MW with New Functional Groups) Confirm No Degradation / Stability Summary: GPC-IR Applications Profile Polymer Compositions = f (Sizes) Cross Linking A/B Ratio High MW Break Down A IR Spectra B Low MW GPC Elution Time Map out Copolymer Compositions (A/B Ratio) across MWD (Sizes) Study Lot-to-Lot or Supplier-to-Supplier Variations Characterize Polymer Degradation from Processing: Loss of functional group (Reduced A/B) Cross-linking ( Higher MW) Break down ( Lower MW) & Detect low MW degradant De-Formulate Complex Polymer Mixtures 54 Summary: GPC-IR Applications in Polymer-Related Industries DiscovIR-LC is a Powerful Tool for Polymers, Additives & Materials Analysis Deformulate complex polymer mixtures: identify polymer components Characterize copolymer composition variations across MWD Characterize polymer changes: degradation or modification Useful: For competitive analysis / IP protection To find specific raw material supplier or qualify a second supplier For new copolymer R&D and process scale-up To characterize polymer degradation: ageing study, failure analysis For problem solving / trouble shooting as general analytical capability Applicable to Coatings, Adhesives, Inks, Sealants, Elastomers, Plastics, Rubbers, Composites, Biopolymers …… GPC-IR Applications: Model Cases • De-Formulate Complex Polymer Mixtures: PolyX + Poly(A-B) + Additives PolyX + PolyY + Poly(A-B-C) + Additives • Characterize Copolymer Compositions across MWD: Poly(A-B), Poly(A-B-C), Poly(A-B-C-D), … • Polymer Blend Ratio Analysis across MWD: PolyX + PolyY • Polymer Additive Analysis by HPLC-IR: Add. (SM or PolyX) • Analyze Polymer Changes: Degradation or Modification 56