Document 6510276

A HORSE
TO JUDGE
HOW
CONCISE
A
TREATISE
AS
QUALITIES
Including
Bits
Drainage
or
"
Tandem
and
SOUNDNESS
AND
Bitting
Driving
;
ITS
TO
and
Saddles
"
Horse,
One
extracts
Young
RAREY'S
of
Obstinate
and
Saddling
and
Training
Horses
BY
WITH
30
NEW
WILLIAM
VETERINARY
W.
F.
Captain
YORK
AND
853
JENKINS
AND
PUBLISHER
851
BACH
ILIiUSTBATIONS
R.
Sixth
"
Pair, Four-in-hand,
a
from
Method
ROCKWELL'S
and
Avenue
BOOKSELLER
Stable
^
^
Copyright,
1893,
All
By
IligMs
Pbinted
Peess
of
William
Reserved,
by
William
New
R.
the
R.
Yobk
Jenkins
Jenkins.
CONTENTS
PAGE.
Preface
5
Introduction
The
8
Skeleton
Neck
The
"
of
column
The
The
"
of
function
Hind
the
Fore
legs" Comparative
different
Bones
and
Joints.
combinations
The
position
of
the
The
position of
the
The
proportions
of
The
examination
Description
of the
*'
"
Rarey's
24
from
anc"
front
from
of
legs
behind
27
54
Horse
a
Blemishes
common
'"
"'
"
*"'
"
the
on
69
Legs
.
.
on
the
Fore
Legs
69
on
the
Hind
Legs
74
78
Horse
Methods
Rockwell's
of
Training
Young
81
Horses
Colt
trained
horse"
pulling
at
Bit"
"
Horses
To
the
train
To
To
the
halter
get the
Bitting
Mounting
the
"Riding
the
the
Colt
used
Colt
"
Horse,
to
shy
"
Riding
after
horses
horse
pulling
to the
"
bit"
Saddling
the
Horse,
Rockwell"
Horses
Horses
at
go
young
Bridle
"
the
Horse
and
Putting
"
Colt
tie
of
Application
"
training obstinate
of
of untrained
"
habit
system
wild
for
principles
method
handling
the
mental
objects "Funda-
Rarey's
of
Rules
Rarey's
of
unaccustomed
at
Rarey's
views
False
"
smell
bridle
Hind
and
purchaser
Introduction
the
19
'*
Obstinate
the
legs
"
and
of
the
10
"
the
to
of
value
13
Horse
most
The
"
legs
Fore
the
the
to
of
Fore
of the
Suggestions
Age
Hind
legs
Bones
the
of
column
Spinal
of the
angular
or
The
"
function
The
The
Vertebrae
the
"
the
halter
the
side
"
The
on
of
a
without
its
Putting
on
The
the
Bitting
Horse
after
"
Rarey
Breaking
ii
CONTENTS.
Rarey's
Horse
THE
habits
Throwing
the
his master
"To
teach
Horse
the
"
To
"
Bad
to
the
pullers Shoeing
shoeing.
kicking while
back"
Striking and
"
you
tying"
Hard
of
follow
to
follow
to
"
lie down
to
still without
to stand
to
Horse
"
such
or
the Horse
teach
Horse
to back
Horses,
Horse
the
To
"
cause
Hard
"
wild
drive
teach
To
"
Horse
the
Colt
Bits
"
the
Teaching the Colt
"
To
pull
to
Continued,
etc.,
Harnessing
"
Colt
the
up
Refusing
vicious
Harness
to
Hitching
bridle
Methods,
Rockwell's
and
"
131
Bitting
and
width
transversal
Movable
tongue"
Grabbing
stiff,or falls
bars
Horse's
and
the
over
Combination
holding the bit"
and
and
upper
Tongue
mouthpieces"
at
of
bit stands
size of the
and
Structure
Length
The
"
width
height of the bars.
(3) The
Port"
bit
of the
branch
through"
bit"
the
of
width
The
(2) The
mouth.
the
of
(1) The
mouth.
Horse's
tongue-channel.
of the
lower
the
of
dimensions
Three
bit.
Saddles
The
158
Saddling
and
Saddle
Stirrups"
of
Saddles
Ladies'
"
saddling
Where
"
to
Leather-tree
Elastic
Horses
Girths
Cloths"
Saddle
shoulder,
Horse's
the
"
to saddle
How
The
Saddle"
AVooden-tree
properly
tion
Construc-
"
its influence
and
place the Girths"
"
on
Stirrups.
159
Drainage
Stable
161
Driving
Driving
Horse
one
Assisting hand
"
of
Position
Stopping
Driving
"
"
To
start
four
the
Tandem
"
"
on
"
How
correctly" Stopping"
reins.
driving.
(where
the
box
"
to
"
hit)
Starting
"
Turning.
in hand
"
hand
Guiding
pair
a
Punishment
"
coachman
the
down-liill
Going
arrange
Hints
"
Backing
"
or
to arrange
Backing"
Going up-hill Another
"
the
reins
Turning
way
to
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Frontispiece
PAGE.
FIG.
\-a
29
1,2
35
3,4
38
5
39
6,7
41
8
43
9,
10
44
10-a
52
11
Blemishes
of
12
Blemishes
of
13
Teeth
14
Skeleton
15
Pulling
16
Bitting
17
Rockwell
bit
18
Rockwell
bridle
19
Strap
20, 20a,
of the
the
legs.
70
hind
legs
75
78
Horse
the
the
at
fore
Horse
of
80
halter
94
bridle
97
99
100
with
buckle
21, 21a
To
22
Throwing
23
(The
24
the
and
Combination
teach
Horse,
a
right
and
the
wooden
a
Horse'
to
116
bit
gag
(Rarey).
lie down,
117
.
120
(Rockwell)
Bitting
way).
wrong
.
the
135
horse
138
bit
o
25a
New
25
About
26
Holding
27
Position
saddle
adjustable
stable
157
floors
the
of
148
girth
lines
the
in
driving
coachman
on
horse
one
the
a
161
pair
164
box
.
.
107
28
Turning
29
Holding
the
Holding
the
30
or
Lines
Lines
driving
Four
driving
Four
in
173
hand
.
in
Hand
(another
way)
178
PEEF
ACE.
of
Every purchaser
liow
difficult
is
he
dependent
however
good
pleasure
is
it
that
it is to
the
horse
marred
by
correct
opinions
may
of
clusions
con-
the
by
who
if
others,
be, his
to
prove
himself
rience
expe-
qualities^and
somewhat
he
not
was
at
and
the
upon
knows
arrive
its soundness
to
as
horse
a
thought
selected
the
horse.
loves
Everybody
to
its conformation.
study
generally, it
this
little
a
concerning
Unlike
the
of the
horse
the
intention
of
assist
valuable
conciseness
in
the
the
by laying
judging of
many
a
down
different
ailments
matters,
author
of
chaser
purrules
some
horses.
books
the
on
has
pointing
horse, omitting
ought
intending
the
a
and
exterior
advantage
out, in few
important guiding points
most
of
the
facilitate
horse, this little treatise
of great
the
is
everybody
;
To
treatise,to
of
of
horse
a
detailed
their
for
pages,
the
ing
judg-
description
treatment.
PEEFACE.
Some
points
of
methods
training
added,
are
of
owner
with
few
reins
one
may
bits
stable
or
dangerous
remarks,
jDroperly
horse,
be
of
and
a
pair,
correct
interest
to
bitting,
drainage,
will
some
saddles
be
the
of
ling
hand-
his
those
how
and
having
of
to
handle
and
the
a
tandem
readers.
and
saddling,
considered.
The
the
driving
stylish
four-in-hand,
a
in
habits.
concerning
for
the
break-in
to
correct
or
for
living
capable
horses,
himself
bad
formed
if
near
obstinate
stock
necessary
especially
nobody
or
young
young
become
may
horses
obstinate
or
young
horses,
country,
A
it
as
EochwelVs
and
Rareifg
on
Authok.
Also
and
INTRODUCTION.
in
Horse-breeding
thanks
the
to
such
excellence,
with
compete
vast
for
impossible
breeder.
himself
to
perhaps,
more
sale
quick
studiously
nation.
Still, the
it in
of
damaged
the
defect,
is
"
than
inferior
avoided
by
his
the
goods
far
and
He
dealer.
and
damage.
to
used-up,
the
in
more
the
will
capital,
the
of
way
therefore,
quality, and,
to
address
sales, especially
other, exposed
any
to
from
merchant,
eating
an
cases
many
directly
every
quick
secure
really
are
produce
to
care
to
than
visible
some
favorably,
purchase
like
ard
stand-
high
a
most
can,
renders
to
dealer, who,
appearance
reached
is, therefore, compelled
goods
they
The
buyer
to
other
any
country
the
the
because
of
our
He
his
select
breeders
those
of
expanse
raised
been
our
having,
States,
public-spirited men,
of
and
dimensions,
of
the
efforts
United
the
will
best
take
"
a
is
good
advantage
to
himself.
The
of the
fine appearance
condition
rich
and
and
goud
and
soft
the
grooming.
a
that
warm
The
stable, careful
whip
takes
good
is,the
hair, is brought
smooth
feed,
horse,
care
about
by
covering,
of
the
6
INTRODUCTIOlt.
liveliness of tlie liorse and
and
It makes
strength.
as
and
mustering, causes
oftentimes
The
the
to
step
dealer
bones
done
and
have
consequence
of
stable.
Whoever
keep it,or
else
it amongst
compelled
horses
connoisseur
but
spavins and galls,instead
according to
often
can
disgust from
for
a
are
of
see
a
It
take
is,
in
horse
a
good
which
on
find
even
fault.
no
is
Only
real connoisseurs,
need
not
care
pretending connoisseur
blemishes,
its whole
we
an
The
to find
are
dealer,who
a
good prices and
blemishes.
nothing
high price
can
customers
for
which
higher price for
a
such
for harmless
in
get
produce
to
light by
to
will
one
from
buy elderlyhorses
How
will
on
hereditary
matured
than
would-be
horse
good
a
his friends
large dealers,whose
a
where
developed
has
he
are
faultyconformation.
to find
rare
and
nerve,
horses, having
brought
defects
necessary
knows
been
not
such
therefore, very
work,
biting;
blemishes
no
hard
no
nor
the
that
care
stable
step again.
never
in young
exertion,
to
and
every
by dealing only
inclinations
care
it to exert
it may
as
will take
yet
as
dealer's
forget all
the horse
gripping, weaving, kicking
vices,
in
of courage
tlie appearance
sees
judging
the
everywhere
qualitiesof
framework.
such
people turning
eight-year Hercules
and
a
pay
ling,
four-year old, clean-leggedweak-
which, after the
first
exacting use,
may
be
7
INTEODUCTION.
with
covered
that
little
may
horse
by
a
is
its
to
up
afraid
life
his
its
value.
be
the
in
be
to
the
chase
pur-
strengthening
of
appearance
race
it is
whether
there
are
in
young
young
the
of
age
accuracy
the
purchaser
partly
horse
in
has
the
taken
from
subtracted
conducted
properly
and
teeth
human
the
the
step
only
with
and
Methusalah,
deterioration,
whole
its
with
the
that
judged
therefore,
every
buy
in
causing
development
than
and,
reality,
in
of
The
be
consummation
But,
powers.
better
a
that
a
from
to
partly
only
can
year,
buy
instead
work,
as
eighth
belief
in
origin
teeth
its
back
them
unjustified,
its
have
to
mistaken
for
though
desire,
horses,
held
than
horse.
other
the
defects
serious
more
which
gall,
of
The
quite
is
of
the
necessity
a
the
horse's
animal
tells
decline,
its
and
in
weaklings
horses.
judging
The
to
shall
its
form
of
the
proportions
the
nucleus
of
abilities
and
of
this
the
the
position
treatise.
ing
accord-
horse
of
its
legs
CHAPTEE
SKELETON.
THE
useful
is
horse
The
and
faster, safer
of
the
perfect
it will
be.
forward
with
the
body.
in
manner,
"When
the
other
body
move
it
supporting
next
the
for
the
In
lualking
fore
without
free
motion
legs
fore
legs.
so
that
instant.
beats,
the
slow
a
like.
springwhile
body
before
ground
both
leg support
propulsion.
two
hind
they
and
legs
move
throw
simultaneously,
motion
rocking
a
an
gallop,
moves
diagonal
in
moment
the
almost
forward,
in
A
leave
In
on.
in
support
forward.
two
so
is
varies
it
the
by
These
the
The
over
latter
whole
hind
the
more
horse
beats,
the
less
of
and
The
it, the
four
moment,
air
from
executed
first
the
the
is
move
and
and
movement
two
forward
hind
other
motion.
assisted
leg
diagonal
the
foot,
gait.
its
This
trotting,
Two
suffering
the
hind
the
same,
motion
in
one
leg, whilst
fore
the
The
by
man
is
legs
difference
the
to
lasting
soundness
with
I.
are
body
legs
the
lifted
floats
reach
and
still
the
in
the
to the
is discernible
If
consider
we
the
movements
the
neck, the
to the
tail.
point
of
rump,
and
horse,
of
the
is
its power
fore
from
the
to the
legs.
head
highest
whole
the
carry
are
tions
augmented partlyby elonga-
in
upward direction, partly
an
the
to
vertebrae
arch-like
an
the
the withers
to
there
that
legs,and
is destined
croup
forming
find
we
the vertebrce extends
part from
The
beats.
three
or
gallop
in
parts participating
back, the hind
the ribs fastened
and
two
different
the
of the vertebrae
by
by
ear
of the
column
The
legs begin
hind
the
then
quickly,
;
throwing activity. The
forward
their
anew
body
the
support
legs,and
fore
the
follow
again,and
first
ground
9
SKELETON.
THE
both
on
vault
under
of
uniform
sides
the
spinal
column.
The
vertebrae
stand
(See
the
accordingly
The
otherwise
column
sinks
to
forming
the
power.
This
relative
other
words
shorter
with
so-called
this
line
the
the
of
the
is also
the
distance
two
of
they
will
the
spinal
forward
of
be,
weight.
nation
termithe
neck,
tuithers,and
the greater the
curve
carrying power
upon
its
of
closer
carry
vertebrae
curve
positions of
the
to
at
number
column
the
able
more
downward
connect
a
Fig. 14) ;
horizontal
pronounced
more
the
Skeleton
together
and
consists
spinalcolumn
carrying
dependent
end
between
the
upon
points,or
the
in
withers,
10
where
the
point
of
shorter
shoulders
the
carrying
JUDGE
TO
HOW
for
of
power
it is.
the
horizontal
a
back
The
of the rump
weight
fore
hind
and
vertebrae
legs,because
much
not
only
but
also to balance
spinal
the
The
curve.
the
the
also
bulk
the
increase
the
in other
words,
deviation
A
back
of the
of
power
the
active
from
this
this
case
from
the
end
the forward
supports
lower
is not
a
This
fault will
oblique shoulder
and
be
a
only
passive
great
one,
on
both
located
the
nects
con-
proceed
the
spinal column
the hind
formation
we
line of the
of the low
of the
legs,or,
those
find
in the
back
mounts
withers.
spinal column
of the
weight being consequently thrown
legs.
latter
carrying power.
point
than
the
muscles
the
end
withers
the
conditions
gathering on
overbuilt horse, where
upward
withers,
line should
high projections of
of the
sides
the
of
projection,
longer
point where
such
of the
carrying power
but
the
to that
and
back, the upper
horizontally. Under
between
^foresaid depression of the
higher
From
the better.
with
is necessary
as
its
part if the
extensions
considerablylarger over
are
so
in its hind
the
in
higher
appear
the
greater the
equally divided
shall be
highest
that
is
pole
must
the
reason
same
part (at the withers) than
fore
on
fastened, and
are
croup,
HOESE.
A
more
neutralised
In
rests
end,
rear
on
only
the
the fore
when
an
high set-up neck facilitate
THE
increased
an
freedom
qualitiesare
with
than
will be
both
and
hind
the
curve
it
horizontal
down
the
"
hack.
under
the
But
bent-up
back
up
horizontal
must
we
will
speed
at
the
back.
under
to
sink
ward,
down-
will
at
one
moment
faulty
every
curve
between
by nature,
admit
not
much
mistake
Horses
high swellingloins
the
its fore
next
must
are
their
back
after
prolonged work,
the
of
is called
the
rider
-^"
a
in
ports,
sup-
liuncli
or
down
sharp gaits.
back
powerful short
and
bend
or
disablinghorses
ground
oftentimes
ish
dimin-
"
bending
the hunch
a
up
the
equally high
line,therefore
cover
not
horse
the
will
to
cases
spinal column, deviatingfrom
A
It
kind
in all
supports being equallyhigh
curved
roach
full
reason
this
legs.
extends
back
For
abilityof
but
the
at
of the back
placed under
horse
and
of the
its back.
of this
the
higher
the hind
legs are
its back
again.
construction
the
hind
horse
a
up
beiug
stand
upward
curve
legs,the deeper
moment
unbend
will
farther
therefore,
than
line
disadvantage of
fore and
whilst
body,
mares
former
legs
horizontal
legs,the
spinal column
where
latter
with
of the
fore
side, the
lost to the
The
these
is of less consequence.
other
hind
the
As
action.
disadvantage
generallyoverbuilt
the
of
frequentlyfound
more
horses, the
If,on
11
SKELETON.
found
to
for
back
to bend
unbend
it
the
and
up
only
12
HOW
swayhack. Horses
the
of
power
is added
point is generallyin
back
deep
the
behind
As
In
heavy weight.
carry
weak
such
provided
enough
to take
them.
Horses
curve
up
such
a
the
back
the
fit to
deepest
of
above
a
show
more
an
good qualities,
powerful
are
weight thrown
weak
backs
upon
oftentimes
spasmodically under
same
short
the loins.
it is
appear,
up the increased
very
able
unmistak-
an
is not
hindquarters
with
back
long
horse
sometimes
oftentimes
their
lack
point frequentlyright
may
horses
a
Horses
centre.
back
If
it is
the
the lowest
a
such
as
eyesore,
have
the
shoulders, and
as
back.
and
gree,
higher de-
a
this structure
then
deficiency,
this
to
of
the
curving up
sign of weakness,
but
HORSE.
A
contrary fault is the deep,and, in
The
the
JUDGE
TO
heavy
weight,thereby deceivingthe inexperienced. Light
riding,in
soon
very
for the
gaits and
whether
part
weakness
or
column
of the
destined
is not
which
power
to
carry
spinal column,
action
not
forehand,
for the
of
A
reason
also
contraction
vertebrae,
weight, namely,
the
through
of the
neck
relief it
the favorable
the
with
for the
high set-up
only through
but
of the
high importance
forehand.
of the
great value,
the
is the
show
of its connection
Neck,''is,through the kind
the
ground, will
soft
on
curving up.
foremost
The
"
free
free
is of
gives
to
tion
direc-
tho
muscles, lifting
14
HOW
will the
more
the
on
pushing
to
the
upward.
Then
Therefore,
It is
the
same
distinguishthe
we
apparent
that the
ground
other, is such
each
stepping far forward,
behind
a
well-formed
is
the
bend
fetlock
elastic under
the
of the
the
the
be
a
not
also of their
as
propelling.
hind
angularly
only
far
aspect presented by
with
raised
a
ment
move-
:
lightlyand
and
far
(footing)
only the
lock
fet-
placed quick
be
of their
holding out
followingdetails
be
legs to
considerable
leg in performing such
of the
tending^
ex-
body.
should
and
admit
to
as
joints,and
(2) In taking np
(3) The
the
the whole
of the bones, set
leg should
bent
equally
under
hind
composed
(1) The
then
perpendicular.The
the
burden,
moments
abilityof
only
can
combination
if the
off
anew.
and
footiRgythe supporting,
much
spring
powerful
more
forward; the farther under
begins
the
back, the
farther
higher throwing
process
of the
ground, swinging itself
the
leaves
end
under
the
moment
elastically
; the
to
HOBSE.
spring act horizontallyand spaciously
fourth
(the hoof)
one,
A
same.
In the
cover
JUDGE
TO
the
leg should
the burden
moderately.
should
rise
weight moving
hold
out
up
again light and
forward
long behind
and
over
it,
the perpendicular.
THE
(4) Tlie propulsion,or
be
lo
SKELETON.
the free
must
swinging-off,
lightbut powerful,extending and springy,neither
jerk-likenor
long
out
turning
All
contractile, but
in
the
show
the
should
pass
hold
shoe, without
the fetlock.
over
these
other
air and
should
hoof
the
with
movements
without
ease,
impression
the
making
into each
over
of
great exertion.
Let
us
framework
The
sjmial column
in the
which
rests
bones, whose
bones, which
haunches.
Between
considerably
bones
have
head
of the
This
leg
attached
firm and
immovable
foremost
parts
wider
the
under
will be
its lower
side
or
for
under
the
a
end, the
haunch
socket, in which
the whole
the
by
the
the
The
thigh bone
around
hoof
behind
of
hind
backward.
be
the
a
placed
body.
ward
forThe
long thigh bone
lyingnearly horizontal, but
should
stifle-joint,
the vertical line from
the
bones,
the ischium
and
placement
haunch
in the
ending
are
moves
it, forward
backward
visible
inserted.
are
can
upon
are
latter, the
a
it is which
further
legs.
posteriorparts of
the
circle described
its centre, the
and
the
nearer
thigh bones
to
of the hind
hip and
the
either
on
latter bone
room
form
in the
proportions
the action
projectinghip bones,
ischium
most
favor
most
the haunch
but
consider
now
the
hip to
the
not
transgress
ground.
16
HOW
The
the
increases
length
hones,determiniDgtliat of
be too
never
can
only
not
bone, but also the distance
hip, and
the
also from
largeness of
for
space
the
the
condition
between
their
formed
between
the
80
and
is called
The
their
*'
100
is
and
the
surfaces,covered
croup
and
the
so
and
positionof
the
to draw
a
of the
reaches with
conclusion
thigh
as
bone.
its forward
angle
bone
the
varies
stifle-joint
leg bone,
degrees.
these
Hip
the
joints
two
the haunches."
thigh hone, are,
powerful
connection
the
length
importance, as
on
cles
mus-
only
can
The
stifle-joint.
to the
A
muscles
The
the
many
and
of the latter is of great
us
the
as
formation
of
generally called
pliabilityof
structure
the
judged by
In
120
are
with
the
favorable
more
of the
with
of
contractibility
their
a
thigh
about
well
With
important
most
power
degrees.
of
the
propelling power
connected
the
haunches,as
that
and
and
stifle-joint
together
"haunches,"
the
developing
haunch
thigh
also
grows
fastening points.
two
angle
an
of the
hip jointfrom
dimensions
of
this
with
of the ischium.
contractile
and
length
of the
extending
bone
thigh
under
these
for the
between
the
point
leg ; besides
hind
large,because
development
for the
muscles
be
the
HORSE.
A
the haunch
lengthof
croup,
JUDGE
TO
of
the
tion
loca-
it enables
ness
length and oblique-
well-formed
point near
stifle-joint
to the
perpen-
dicular line from
must
broader
looked
thigh bones
and
the haunch
hips (Fig. 10a). While
enclosed
are
outlines
thigh bone
leg
clothed
with
of
bone
has
the
in
its
The
and
Such
it
runs
outward
its lower
bone.
The
the
formation
a
leg
end
The
in
an
bone
far
forward
through
the
limit to which
and
hock
the
therefore
same,
the
of
only
the
good
a
thigh
under
outward,
from
a
from
forward
to connect
joint with
leg bone
leg
long leg
a
room
inward,
of
energy
with
case
and
cles,
mus-
themselves
affixing
oblique direction
to backward
by
completed by
finds
hose."
called "the
surrounded
is the
same
parts,
in connection
greater length,to
favorable
stifle-joint
placed
which
hock-joint.
of the muscles
will, therefore, be
bone.
are
larger quantitieson
The
bone.
thigh bone,
advantage
motions.
bone
the
through
great length,and
adding, through
the
end
powerful muscles, which,
of the
those
Every
bone
lower
at its
stifle-joint,
the
through
is, likewise, especiallyin its upper
bone
with
the lower
end with the
at its upper
is connected
shank
the
with
can
easilydiscernible.
parts of the leg are
leghone
nous
volumi-
by
only indistinctlytraced,the positionof
The
to
looks
horse
the
that
consequently their
and
muscles,
be
in the
than
there
hip
behind, its position
at from
outward
far
so
appear
of the
posteriorpoint
tlie
and
ground,
the
17
SKELETON.
THE
the
may
in
shank
extend
18
HOW
TO
JUDGE
backward
downward
and
conditions
under
wliicli the
the result of the
be
must
of the hock
conformation
HORSE.
A
and
position
angular
best the laws
jointanswers
of burdens.
positionof the hock jointshould
The
by
should
behind, the
from
hock
shank
the
and
massiveness;
considerable, but
be
should
front
to
the
as
of the
quite
cords
sharply separated
and
as
not
then
shank
a
of the
show
broad
This
be connected
upper
if it is
hind
bone
and
the
as
fore,
there-
legs.
a
from
appear
from
as
each
support,
muscles, is only
short
the fetlock
at
must
the
pastern-joint
with
of
lever
looked
bone, servingonly
favorably formed,
length
of the
when
the
from
latter
hose, and,
its backside
on
from
perpendicular position
a
fasteningplace for
In i\iQfetlock
or
should
muscles
hone should
side ; the
The
side.
propulsivepowers
appear
other.
extension
common
all the
and
cross-section
representing the
shank
The
the
impression
the
action
for
the
also the
the
closer
joint,besides
make
only
lot
Viewed
come
depends principallyupon
lever-bone,
for the
from
seen
as
rear,
dimension
the
not
met
this
bone.
joints should
showing sharp outlines, must
of
that its
that
The
stifle-joint.
the
together than
bone, and
along
down
run
such
lever-bone, shall just be
ischium
the
lot from
a
hock
the
posteriorend,
be
as
possible.
shank
under
an
bone
angle
THE
of 140
follow
bone
of
part
and
coffin bone,
On
the
are
lengthof
pastern bone,
the
encased
hoof.
the
short
one,
pressure.
whereas
the
Likewise
the
the
while
elasticity,
the
demands
but
the
with
length
of the
of the
draught
animal
must
be
formed
horse
of
a
greater
the
greater
heavier
a
carry
according
and
The
to
both
are
under
relation
long
elastic
the short, hard
good
relaxingfetlock
any
than
a
in proper
former.
the
elasticity. The
any
fetlock, bare
be
always
; it will succumb
producing
steps.
or
elasticity
carrying power,
horse
and
long,soft
has
will
of the
race
the
stand
can
long fetlock
of either
fetlock
The
latter
joint
ably
consider-
tellingforce
more
one
must
elasticity
the
a
of
extent
short
fetlock
The
weight.
in the
lower
coffin
fetlockhone depend
long spring develops
coffin
The
joints.
speed, elasticityand
the
A
small
the
of the fetlock bone, and
by equally named
the
and
pastern
direction
in the
connected
are
small
The
degrees.
19
SKELETON.
fetlock
in their
is bad
place.
with
burden
any
without
short, straight
springiness,ruins
jointsand
ligaments.
FUNCTIONS
Let
US
and
we
had
to
consider
now
find
a
OF
THE
LEGS.
the functionsof the
repetition of
distinguishin
FOKE
the hind
the
four
fore legs,
moments
legs,viz.,the
we
extend-
20
HOW
TO
JUDGE
HORSE.
A
ing, the footing,the supportingand
but
is
there
hind
leg in
second
the
footing and
in
the
contrary being the
the
weight
the
elasticityis
connected
turning
with
a
minor
side
leg.
has
the
to
do
firm
a
a
to prevent
; but
much
minimum
chest
at
in the
because
basis
of the
up
produced
summersault
to
part
to take
motion,
forward,
is reduced
the
leg
leg cannot
burden
the
but
of the rump,
with
transferred
not
its
exerts
footing,a
concussion
of the
the fore
tossing
of
leg
hind
the
the fore
force
fourthmoment
vray
with
moment
from
viz.,the
the
propelling(or swinging-off),
in connection
body
the
of
and
fore
moments,
fore
moment
case
entire
the
almost
by
second
the
fourth
and
of
in the moment
At
between
propelling. The
the
greatest power
one
difference
decided
a
propelling;
the
of
its
bones
by being
by
cles
mus-
only.
The
their task
The
best
are
easiest
generalpointsfor
and
(1) Light, free
the
with
shoulder
stretchingforward
that the
touches
the
leg
a
from
on
the
fulfil
trot.
fine action
in the
trot, are:
knee
the
;
the
shoulder;
straight only when
full hoof.
leg
from
far, light and
parts underneath
ground.
(2) Footing
legs
in the
high raising of
of the
looks
fore
the
observed
well-bent
powerful extending
so
which
under
conditions
gradual
the knee,
the
hoof
22
HOW
the
out
spinal
without
position,or
hand
hind
with
the
80 to 100
these
two
latter
good
also
for
shoulder
bones
be
and
then
a
can
stress
always
arm
The
these
in
judging
to be
hone.
is
laid
a
bone
conditions
The
direction
on
upper
also must
both
the
masses
joint
tension
ex-
of muscles
and
receive
The
of the
fore
qualitiesare
bones
length
for action.
part
an
facultyof
tlie obliquedirection and
If these
and
Furthermore,
one.
the
only
far back
shoulder
the
The
is
length
larger proportions
the
holds
bone.
arm
arm
great
long bones
two
favorable
in
positionof
edge reaches
right angle.
leg
accumulate
the most
the
the
leg bone
oblique,which
being considerable,
these
between
and
large opening capacity,and,
of the bones
of
their relation
the
considerable
oblique position.Under
has
and
rear
side of the withers.
a
in
their combination
blade
and
its upper
jointedunder
joint,under
thigh
the
and
long
distinguish itself by
are
is connected
is said about
shoulder
must
possibleif
at the
bone
arm
leg. What
of the hind
thereby
powers.
similaritywilih
much
the
degrees.
and
blade
Shoulder
have
degree
any
hone, through the shoulder
arm
angle of
an
to
shoulder-blade
the
end,
horizontal
its
of the forehand
weight
propelling
its
its lower
At
abandoning
molesting
the
with
reducing
colamu
HORSE.
A
JUDGE
TO
main
leg
is
lengthof
there, the leg is
capable
behind
far backward
out
the shoulder
A
be
may
shoulder
short
bone
itself far forYv^ard and
exteuding
of
little
a
by
swiftness
short
long
which
will
which
be
the shoulders
broader
and
The
farther
is
and neck
the head
leg compelled
weight; but,
the
that
they
der,
long-shoul-
a
defect
the
by
with
a
to
disappears,
shoulder
only
tal,
detrimendown.
low
too
that
for
neck,
the
more
oblique
hand, will appear
are
latter
the
projecting,
step forward
to support
straightshoulder,
very
steep shoulder,
a
ing
far-reach-
and
the
the straighter
projecting,
impossible,although
length of
the
the other
but, on
amination
ex-
of
become
basis
the
higher,
up
rior
supe-
in consideration
taken
be
forms
set
more
A
joint being placed
are;
f:\rther is the
the
long
obliqueness,may
shoulder-blade
the
the
is left.
action
it must
Furthermore,
location
counterbalanced
be
cannot
high
the
arm
freedom
whereas
bone;
arm
not
of the latter, consequently
shoulder
the
are.
long
without
long,but
etc.
by great
oblique"
very
bone
out
only
and
a
oblique shoulder;
steps
high
a
extraordinary speed, proves
arm
and
by
the
The
very'
a
of
length
excellent
greyhounds, deer,
as
"
show
but
shorter.
or
by
frequently have
a
longer
joint,distinguishthemselves
of horses,
shoulder
holding
perpendicular,though
the
find in all animals, which
we
of the shoulder
of
23
SKELETON.
THE
necessary.
the basis
With
of the
this
the
neck
24
HOW
fastest,and
have
the thinnest
The
elhoio
joint connects
bone
the elbow
the
beyond
lever
lever
the
the
elbow
bone
the
moved
be lifted and
the
play,as
for the fore arm,
and
of the hose
hind
the
the
elbow
lever bone
elbow
necessary
of the
same
like
has
space
and, in which
case,
the
the
has
a
ing
push-
or
lever,
weight
cially
espe-
the muscle"
jointfor
and
elastic
long projection of
a
A
to
ing
extend-
comes
hock
pushing
of
long lever,
as
the
the
long projection of
of
development
rest
the
importance
same
advantage
upper
this
weight forward.
of the
a
for the full
the
activityof
as
On
on
joint.The
of the
joint.
which
and
this lever
on
advantages
the further
joint.
one-armed
a
on
leg pushes
reason
fore arm,
elongation,
acting
ground,
the united
of the hock
the
bone
arm
supporting
the extensors
this
with
tendons, emanating
the elbow
legs,namely,
For
power.
as
its
elbow
is
activitybecomes, then,
This
of the fore
and
leg
the muscles
activityof
into
on
bone
arm
extensor
the
resting on
the prop
the
latter,with
weight forward,
the
horses,
race-
necks.
of the
the
when
free
elhoio,
extending considerably
part
rear
shoulder
very
shoulder-blade,
from
the
so
the
the
of
fastened
are
;
of the latter grows
weight
latter consists
This
fore arm.
HORSE.
A
tlie
The
larger.
called
JUDGE
broader, and
becomes
and
TO
partly on
part
granting the
of the
the
cles
mus-
former,
of the fore arm,
THE
from
seen
the
SKELETON.
2"
the
impression of imposing
side, makes
width.
Great
length of
adds
by muscles,
powerful
At
least
as
considerably
to
of the
short fore
a
in
arm
a
the
dimensions
the
same
rules
Comparative
value
of
leg.
at all times
about
b}^a
too
For
bone.
cannon
bone, the fetlock,etc.,
cannon
decisive
are
of the
parts
long leg is
the
of
execution
the
formation, brought
of the
enveloped
bone
a
lower
injurious length of
and
great
forearm,
movements
unfavorable
an
the
as
hind
the
on
legs.
and
hones
different
the
joints.
(See Fig. 14)
If I
said
blade
and
that
of the
hind
with
is
as
bone
arm
leg,I
with
the
the elbow
different
we
the
views
will
come
movements
to
; and
a
:
fore
arm
shoulder
the
leg;
that the
and
stifle
the
to
an
arm
the fore
the
point,
stand-
viewing
are
the
standpoint
executed
opinion.
bone
joint,and
anatomical
correct; but
performances
of the
that
that, therefore, the elbow
joints from
different
bone
thigh bone,
From
be
may
and
movements
the
relation
and
bones
of the
stifle.
to the
these
tion
contradic-
with
similar
a
fore
myself seemingly in
thigh
opinions,viz
leg bone
of the
movements
leg bone
the
bone
corresponds
shoulder
the
and
of
find
the haunch
of
importance
for the
to that
the usual
joint has
the
bone
arm
leg be equal
the
For
not
of
by them,
instance^
the
same
26
HOW
those
as
in the
the
of the
chief
JUDGE
for
is the
leg as
look
we
haunches,
at the
find
we
that
the shoulder-blade
with
the
bone,
arm
29,
page
in
precisely
the
end, fastened
socket
like the
brought
otherwise
which
in the
the
of
act
firm
with
the
bone
fore
and
safe
leg,the leg bone
thighbone
the
in
muscles
to
the
positionat
of
shape
can
tending
ex-
are
thigh bone
;
the
union
its
to
chest.
compared
bones.
These
posteriorcavity of
the
bony ring,similar
of the
has
nothing
go
movable
the
to
chest, a task
in close
and
a
cramped
of the
organs
with
its
at
tions
modifica-
be
never
firm
could
not
are
vault
haunch
and
a
shoulder-blade
of bone
and
these
But
shoulder
a
in
pushing forward,
justified
through
the internal
form
the
corresponds
their motions,
and
and
only
about
ring
ribs could
jointsof
parallelwith
a),
ribs, enclosi'jgthe
the
and
thigh
totallyunmovable
the
This
bones
thigh bone.
movable
very
latter enclose
the
leg,its
movable, different in form, and,
upper
rump
the hind
direction,though the shoulder-
is less
with
lies
same
blade
The
of
etc.
and
a
the
legs forward
the
but
not
movement
play during
of the
shoulder-blade
(Fig 1%
jointfor
into
joint is
forward
different
with
The
elbow
forward.
pushing
If
the
the
stifle
activitycomiug
HOJlSE.
A
thigh Lone;
relation
same
fore
TO
to
do
with.
connection
less
resisting
uppermost bone
of
THE
tlie
leg (tlieshoulder-blade) only on
and
of
in
elastic
an
the
likewise
running
in
also
in the
regard
for the flexor tendon
stifle of the
hind
bone
forms
a
lever
of
The
and
arm
shin
bone
in
represent
which
a
lever
not
by
slianh
the
of the
or
hind
arm
the
which
lever
same
both
the
joint in
existing.
The
actions.
simply as
The
a
same
of the
dicular
perpenhind
leg
supporting bones)
as
"
and
d').
lu
every
the fore
which
bones
these
leg
always
supporting column,
the
knee
weight, and
which
joint,the
knee
the
hone
leg (d
backward
projections on
considered
of
in the
both
hone, run
if under
powerful
be
backside
straightline,one
movable
cf the
end
the
supporting,
function
as
the
represents
arm
lower
connected
as
position" forward
assumes
cartilaginousroller
The
represent together (taken
the shank
be
fore
the
joint(c and c').
direction
and
h'),
At
presents exactly the
bones
two
the
joint,on
and
larger one.
a
the
leg.
elbow
the hock
on
fore
the
is
bone
of
pose.
pur-
direction,the similarity,
same
arm
sliape
b
(Fig. l"",
leg hone
shape,
to
of the
end
upper
and
of the
fit for that
only being
hone
arm
basis
broader
a
flat bone
a
manner;
shoulder-blade
Beticeen
as
^7
SKELETON.
knee
may
be
jointshould
it also
muscles
shows
could
in
sidered
con-
not
no
duce
pro-
joint must, therefore,
ruptionof
the
straight
2s
TO
HOW
JUDGE
column^ existingonij
a
contraction
of the
A
HOESE.
for tlie purpose
bringing the
leg while
If this contraction, between
bone
possible,if
not
were
uninterruptedpiece of
the
fetlock
joint,the
For
this
It
has
other
no
reduction
is
the
reason
of
knee
whole
hind
equal
to
the
to
If
leg,during
the
whole
the
from
column
would
ground.
facilitate
to
the
the
period
to
indispensable.
of
consider
one
down
the
on
is
shin
present
forward
task, but
length
to
perfectlyjustifiable
of the
joint
and
elbow
moving
obstacles
essential
the
the
ward.
for-
same
arm
w^oiild
from
in
continuallystrike against
fore
both
bone
foot
facilitating
of
of
the
It
leg.
shank
a
bone
supporting,
elbow
down
fetlock.
consider, in this
we
upward
extension
of
joint corresponds
jointwith
The
the
the
with
the forearm
manner,
shin
the
bone, then
hock
and
their
movements.
joint
control
always
The
shoulder
all the
fore
leg,in
hock
jointgovern
the
same
those
observe
effect of
the
as
the
supporting
and
the
the
different
similarityof
joint
and
the
elbow
of the
movements
of the hind
similarityof
is the
be
extensible
manner,
pronounced
during
the elbow
stifle-joint.
joints,should
the
an
joint,the shoulder
principalpoints, in comparing
bones
as
stifle jointand
leg. Particulai'ly
the
muscles
actions, if
on
the
we
levers
propellingactivityof
so
TO
HOW
column
tion of the whole
tossing,elastic
of
shortness
HORSE.
takes
the
that
produced
it has nothing
stifle-joint
leg.
considered
that is,the springjointof
joint,
the
the
bones, with
the hind
on
it,a
of
account
on
connected
angularly
with
place,and,
jointmust, therefore, be
elbow
the hock
With
A
action, though,
less force than
The
JUDGE
as
the fore
else in
leg.
common
except being in position of nearly equal height
the
knee
The
reasons.
because
hock,
produced by
the
necessity for
the
rump,
angular
drawing
facts,the
joints:
connected
of
by
equal
value
Especially
shoulder
dotted
are
the
is
observe
the
the
two
convinced
that it is from
there
and
added.
the
by letters
(c and
tossing ]Dower
lever
the
c)
so
that
of the muscles
comparison
the legs is correct.
of
these
The
responding
cor-
of the
joints are
various
:
a
and
bones
a',etc.
projections
leg is developed in exactlythe
that
connecting
fetlock
lines,while
marked
able
consider-
no
the
is in
two
hock
hind
leg
be
stifle joints,
elbow
and
the
the
the
and
the elbow
and
never
understanding
(Fig. 1^)
joints,and
hock
and
between
better
with
can
supporting, permits
variations
other
are
compared
while
joint,which,
a
the
For
bones.
be
cannot
there
spring-like action
a
of
moment
which
on
as
the
to
become
propelling
for fore
same
of
and
manner;
respectiveparts of
THE
THE
Thus
ANGULAR
and
safetyof
OF
considered
of the horse,
skeleton
those
COMBINATION
Lave
far,we
31
SKELETON.
those
bearing
BONES.
qualitiesof
relation
its movements.
the
to
Now
for the
qualitiesnecessary
THE
let
the
sion
exten-
discuss
us
preservation
of the
limbs.
The
Not
limbs
only the weight of
that of the
with
From
hoof, and
there
in
the
the
The
these
in
ing.
jump-
shocks
rebound
also
step, and
every
sharp gaits and
of
shocks.
body, but
own
at
is
the
first the
meets
bones, joints,and
suffer most,
ground
number
hard
our
is
as
of lamenesses
sinews
proved by
occuring on
the
rebound
roads
make
leg. Furthermore,
destructive, as
violent
upward, diminishing in force,over
column.
overwhelming
lower
force
passes
whole
the most
them
on
starting point
ground.
nearest
to
the horse's
rider, falls
increased
an
The
the
exposed
are
is the
the
the
more
shoeing
an
perative
im-
necessity,
thereby diminishing the expansive
power
of the
shocks
is broken
different
of the
bones
The
are
pointsof
the
angles
under
jointedtogether.
The
large portion
of these
force
the
by
jointstransmit
higher bones.
a
hoof.
the
ligaments
of the
column.
rebound
shock
On
the
jerks
which
The
to
sinews
farther
upper
the
majority
only partlyto
and
and
the
transmit
removed
part
of
the
32
HOW
limbs, we
by
TO
find the
them
the
JUDGE
Where
the
in the
lower
to the
concussions, there
the
of
lower
the
the
muscles,
as
the
the
the
straightexposed
most
are
of
three
joints in
hand, viz.: the
coffin
the
and
upper
joint.
a
tion,
angular forma-
narrow
the
extending abilityof
for
the
development
seen
above, thereby making the
have
we
mechanical
find very
of
the
are
find, for the purpose
we
advantages of
space
connectiDgjointsthe
concussions,
and
also
grow
the
parts, which
span
pastern
With
and
a
angles formed
; the
connections
est, as
diminishing
HOESE.
longest bones
narrowest, and
strongest.
distance
A
the
proportions
favorable
of
of the
limbs,
powerful
favorable.
most
angular formations
exquisite structure
the
We
principallyin
race-horse
the
:
long
fetlock,the oblique thigh and armbone, etc.,enabling
the
horse
to
much
cover
staying
protecting
it
bred
on
horse,
by showing
oftentimes
by
bones
the
has
power.
the
the
inflammation
other
the
effects of
of the
The
and
by
low
the
unelastic
great exertions,
joints.
side, the oblique positionof the long
of the carrying
also its limit in the reduction
The
traordinary
ex-
time
same
characterized
of its limbs, short
action,and
On
at
to exhibit
concussions.
hard
contrary, is
the
straightformation
and
power,
against
and
ground,
more
greater
the
favorable
demand
the
on
tions,
angular forma-
the
ability,
espe-
THE
cialljon
the
therefore
firmness
the
certain
oftentimes
found
long bones,
receive
from
within
a
short
the
are
If
we
to touch
find
deviation
a
to
bear
from
the
blade
and
are
in
the
weakness
normal,
intended
an
as
animal.
oblique,the
bur J en.
joints,will
in
his
Also,
a
arm
and
fetlock
proportion,the
horse, straight in
between
arm
(as on
narrower
thigh bone
shank
a
oblique
suffer in the latter.
boDe, and between
summarily
In
both.
hocks, the
increased
joint
one
latter will have
for
leg,the angles of which,
angles between
leg bone
they consider
formations
from
too
the
of
inelasticity
but very
(hip-and stifle-joints),
in the hock
fore
hard
taking
signs of strength,attack
the
standing straight
the haunches
arm,
for
concussion
jointswill receive,
The
and
the favorable
another
straight,
shock
often
judgment,
afraid
the
not
fibres
loose
the
is
the
do
parent,
one
jointsquickly; sometimes
too
horse
disproportion
from
support
without
the
not
time.
of
elasticity
and
A
of
carrying power
ruin
should
angles
half-breeds, where
the
straight formations
and
the
ligaments,
parent, producing crippled limbs
other
increased
of
inheritance
an
Riders,
the
in
and
sinews
limits.
the necessary
the
of
acuteness
transgress
33
SKELETON.
and
shoulder
bone
the hind
leg bone,
and
and
fore
leg the
between
bone),receives,through the
mus-
34
HOTV
cular
the
connection
benefit
the
TO
of
the
the
the
the
whether
limbs
the
the
as
all
built
animals
how
normal
some
THE
The
rump
whose
increased
an
the
of
purpose
of the
examination
to
formation, whether
the
see
built
viations
de-
those
sufficiently
irregularities
may
neighboring joint,so
the
irregularitiesare
It
is
interesting to
multiplied by
counter-balanced.
innumerable.
are
it is
Perfectly
structure.
exist.
or
again
irregularities,
consider
ship
Horseman-
resistance.
not
in this way
eventually
fore hand.
above-mentioned
do
a
leg,
correctlyjointed; and, by
are
of
irregularities
with
observe
legs, for
of the
destructivelyupon
and
back,
the
hind
to offer increased
Just
has
the fore
on
gravity
severelytaxed, are
being more
joints,
act
of
the
weight
from
strong
chest,
attaininga greater development
on
important part
an
and
latter
of the rider.
weight
muscles
of
the
reducing
blade
effect
of
centre
eagerly bent
employment
It is
destructive
more
with
of
shoulder
But, nevertheless, the
nearer
is
HOESE.
greater elasticity
against the effects of
stronger and
burdened
A
between
rebound.
being
JUDGE
The
Let
us
other
binations
com-
now
of them.
POSITION
or
of the horse
portabilityis
THE
is
HIND
LEGS.
supported by
fixed
by
four
mechanical
lars,
pillaws
The
most
the
basis
favorable
under
gravity.
on
the
is
exception
of
basis
made
point is
over
the basis
the
of
end
bone, and
ischium
drop
perpendicular just
and
Bhank
from
there
bone,
FiG.
Normal
Angular
at least
is
then
the
the
line to the
running
the
form
point
ground.
point
down
of
the
hip jointwill
be
Normal
Position.
Bad
the
back
Fig.
1.
Formation.
only
this
rect
cor-
a
the
leg
select,therefore,the
We
touches
of
location
to
use
haunches,
a
hip
knowledge,
common
of the hoof.
hoof,
the
perpendicular position of
of the
posterior
for
available
not
idea
of anatomical
aid
the
by
the
straight. The
not
its
of
pillar,being
this
by
being pretty well hidden,
hip joint,
definable
Crood
direction
the
the
by placing
perpendicularly under
angularly composed,
the
in
words,
falls
ground,
is established
weight
other
In
joint.No
support
the
35
SKELETON.
THE
Angular
of
the
If this
hock,
of the
nearly per2.
Position.
Formation
36
HOW
leg is
hind
it falls behind
the
This
position
the hock
cases
many
The
same.
deviations in
are
perpendicular,but,
of this
forward
jointfalls
frequently,
we
irregularity
more
first
the second,
under-standing,
call the
mny
position,there
In
directions.
two
hoof.
the normal.
called
this normal
From
HOESE.
A
the toe of the
penclicularover
of the
JUDGE
TO
the
hack-
of
basis,
position.
sta7iding
there
be
must
weighting of
these
The
in
column
over
and
in the
balance
can
its muscles,
as
overturn
the
of the
backward
must
be
the
to
ward,
back-
to
to forward.
only be preserved, if the leg,through
such
the
forces
of traction
intention
of
and
gravity to
column.
of
the
thigh bone,
column,
has
a
employed
as
to enable
a
the
supporter.
of muscles
of the
the hind
leg,the
viz.: the
femural
tendency
(Fig. 3) ; therefore, an
group
on
same
position
under-standing
employs
to fulfil its task
whole
is not
pressure
position
hack-standing
point
uppermost
column
the
perpendicular weighting
under-standingpositionof
In the
head
the
in
direction,causing the
a
to counteract
pressure
that
circumstances,a
the
in
"
The
change
variation
a
joints,and
itself.
creates, under
fall
connected
the
in
supported
whole
this
apparent, that, with
is
It
of fallinc^
opposing
leg in
For
hose
this
power
position
this task, the
is
qualifiedas
m
HOW
because
eacli bone, taken
another,
with
the
bones
be the
may
for the
importance,
of
JUDGE
TO
HORSE.
A
for
in connection
or
itself,
But, it is of great
cause.
forms
judging,to distinguishtwo
the
under-standing position,accordiiigto
of the upper
the
In the first case,
the second,
the lower
or
the
leg being
disadvantages are
cause.
great ; in
not
quite considerable.
If, through the
length of
extra
is placed
stifle-joint
is short, and. the hock
far
the
Fig.
but
the
here
hock
length and
Fig.
the
the
jointis
thigh bone.
3.
Joint.
get
we
But
unelastic
the
leg bone
the
3.
Fig
the favorable
of
elasticity
Position
Under-standing
Excellent
by
Thigh Bone, but
Straight Hock
in
straight and
nearly compensated by
the considerable
forward,
thigh bone,
then
jointstraight,
understanding position,as
adversityof
the
the
Such
4.
Position
Under-standing
Caused
by ttie Stifle-jointBeing
Placed
Far
Forward,
SKELETON.
THE
horses
39
little hard
quite able, tliougL a
are
in
their
motions.
Also
and
the
in
case,
obliqueness of
the
Fig. 4, where
the
thigh bone
normal, is
to be
straight,the
In the case,
represented
will
under-standing
at the
to the
and
too
^^^-
under
5.
Fig.5,
of
the
the
still
Under-standing
time
ing
narrow-
hock
joint,
the latter.
of
radius
Short
of
Only
can
save
Leg
Defective
by
Bone
the
the hock
a
and
Direction
Shanli
the
motion, permitted by
thigh bone,
tion
Posi-
Caused
Bone.
straight
jointfrom
frequent injuries.
The
not
in
position
of the
injury of
short
will
portion,
pro-
increase
same
angle
the short
leg
stifle joint
joints.
direction
bone
the
the
inconsider-
the lower
oblique
more,
aud
of the
increased
an
upon
shank
other
jointsthrows
upper
weight, in
the
the
duce
pro-
bility
insignificantflexi-
The
of the
the
is short
ableness
be
circumstances
able.
of itself alone
judged favorably.
But, if the thigh bone
all
exquisitelength
under-standing position,while
jointsare
stands
the
hack-standingposition of
meet
shank
in that
the line from
the
the
posterior line
of
bone, but
is
running down
the
hind
ischium
the
hock
leg is
bone
and
in front of the
ceptible
per-
does
the
same,
40
has
leg is
the
this case,
In
a
also not
powers
to
establish
directlyopposite
direction
permanently and
of
capability
able to
short
The
direct
fault
the defect.
also
must
a
reduced
movements
be
cannot
placed
in
support
to
the
for
back-standing position
defective
a
position,or
essential, for the
is very
maybe
set
down,
if
serious
bone
Which
bone.
some
a
as
unproor
criticism
of
geneal rule, that
brought
of the
about
sufficie
in-
by
thigh bone,
as
6.
If the
main
This
necessary
length and steepness
Fig.
into
stops.
is most
defect
the
It
the
horse
portioned length, of
joint at
in
weight,and will,therefore,not
the
cause
traced
be
may
and
paces
legs
those
brought
for the
tendons
cords,
will be strained
extensors
The
give the
from
to
leading,finally,
the extensor
under
sufficiently
and
be
high degree.
a
leg forward.
the
of
to
in motion,
place
take
thigh
defect
of the
is
but
itself,
muscles
requisition; therefore, the
in
in
under-standing position,must
the
be
balanced
different
But
equilibrium.
acting in
HOLSE.
A
active miibcnlar
employ
to
JUDGE
TO
H0T7
bone
exists in
leg bone,
but
only unsightly,
especiallyin
is
a
long
too
in
as
the
oblique,while
and
great length and
sharp
paces.
is yerj extensible,the
leg can
well
The
be
ness
oblique-
the formation
Fig. 7, then
leg is
the
able
for exertions
whole
stretched
column
far back-
THE
and
ward
tlie muscles
pastern joints,which
two
and
In
judging
for the
the
observed
by
a
so-
tlie weight affects the
ward
frequentlycollapsedown-
the
different
normal
unable
the
exist, even
leg.Fig. 2
of short
positions,it
and
leg; because,
in
shows
will be
a
in
the
badly
very
how,
served
ob-
at all decisive
is not
shape
working abilityof
position can
only
be
can
furnisli
backward.
that
and
as
liorses ; but
bow-legged
haunclies
of the
great propelling power,
called
41
SKELETON.
a
rect
cor-
formed
leg composed
straightangled bones,
and
out
with-
abilityfor extension,the perpendicularposition
any
may
be
found.
Fig.
6.
Fig.
7
"i^
Back-standing
by Bad
Caused
Position,
Location
standing Position,
Length
by Great
of the Leg Bone.
Back
-
Caused
of the
Stifle.
The
Uppermost
inserted
in
OF
POSITION
THE
a
firm
part
bone
THE
of
the
like
FORE
LEGS.
fore
the
leg
not
being
thigh bone,
but
42
HOW
with
offering,
as
far down
TO
JUDGE
the whole
HORSE.
inside surface
the elbow,
as
A
of the
shoulder,
fasteningpoints for
the
necting
con-
muscles, the position of the highest point of
the column
to the basis
concern
in
as
hind
the
correct, to consider
point for
If
hoof.
we
them
the
to
behind
under-standing,
the foot stands
In
the
too
its
be
in
the toe of the
meet
from
this rule,
far
latter,too
body.
only including
leg, not
leg from
the
in
the
the first case,
; in the
of the
weight
joint
joint; in
In
same.
In the
fetlock
the elbow
and
strain
long.
sinews, located
the knee
horses, with
defect
leg is calf-hieed that
"
to work
find
rear
side
be
of
the
extensors
and
carry
the
quence
conse-
formation,
especiallyif the
will
means,
this
will
flexors
proportion;
their sinews,
This
the
down, but, also,the
increased
that
on
the
lever, have
elbow
an
being
is very
jointstands
judging the fore-standingposition,we
acting on
ing.
decid-
directions.
that all muscles
lower
chief supporting
joint,and generally
two
far forward
pretty near
elbow
position,the
the
much
so
positionas
deviations
of the line from
falls forward
under
and
of
the
jointas
jointwill
stretched
or
fore-standing
be
the fetlock
examine
will find
It will
position,the
the shoulder
we
not
elbow
the rump,
perpendicularlyover
line from
hoof, is
leg.
the
In the normal
a
of the
fetlock
augmented,
if the knee
quently
fre-
if the
stands
be-
THE
hind the line. At all events, the
is
far
by
hind
the
is
all
In
the
imperiled, while
most
forward
in
and
But, it
burden.
the
taking up
apparent, that this position
is
and
weight
force
the
increase
must
Fore-standing,
sinews.
nected
defect
a
but
eye-sore"
without
the huck-knee
fetlock, and
horses
short
only find
and
uiigafe and
THE
long
older
a
bone
arm
not
PROPORTIONS
facilitate
a
a
The
in
Fig. 9, then
fit for saddle
OF
regular
FORE
truding
pro-
horses,
and
elastic
(Fig. 10),then
knee, while
an
to huck-knees.
long
service, and
crooked
straight,as
are
horses,even
is connected
quite fit for any
are
we
a
blemish.
position is, generally,a
developed in
more
of
more
"
serious
a
stances,
circum-
knee, less visible in young
crooked
If,with
this
under
consequences
become
may
of
consequence
Con-
Calf-Knee.
With
under-standing position is,
The
To
"
^
the
burdening
If
over-
^
^
but
of the
of
the danger
"
IM
8.
greatest activity,
stretched
being
Fia.
the
understanding
leg.
its
exert
and
fore-standing
position
gaits,the fore leg has
different
to
the
leg than
fore
in
injurious in
more
43
SKELETON.
go
such
safe.
the
they
fetlock
go
very
use.
AND
movement
HIND
of
LEGS.
the fore and
u
HOW
Fig.
Under-standing
Arm
hind
JUDGE
A
HOKSE.
Fig.
9.
Position,
Short
by
TO
panied
Accom-
Fetlock
Position,
Under-sta.nding
Accompanied
by a Long
and
Bone.
Fetlock
legs,and
regulate the
to
the forces, it is necessary
that
and
Arm
great. Only harmony in the
lb is better
their
abilityfor
fore
rather
than
do
have
need
we
harmony.
no
fast
horses,
a
horse
speed
with
and
warrants
limited
experiments
been
the
cause
of
strength
"
or
horses
motion, but
to
improve
disturbing the
little,
every
pose,
pur-
of
great
very
moderate
whose
race,
frame
dent
Impru-
endurance.
the
legs
instance,require
animal
an
so
for
with
enduring qualities,
medium
ever
tending,
ex-
secure
hind
Not
for
strength.Agricultural
purposes,
if
of
equally
can
and
equal qualitiesin motion,
possess
be
movements
that
Bone.
reciprocal effects
should
propelling,and tossing-off
endurance.
10.
have
harmonious
often
build
46
HOW
For
carriage horse,
the
is unfit,as, in
this
overburdened,
and
exceptional
of
hand, the
by
for saddle
whose
fore and
we
have
follows
:
as
the
will
be
fore
loins
the
of the
fore
legs
horse
hand
with
in
are
will
produce
much
It is
only
fore and
hind
Only
in
permit
be
may
a
hind
served
pre-
it is better
to
speed, but
and
hind
legs,
in their relations
are
lose
pressure
fitfor
naturally
stronger
less
fore
legs
easily
horse
a
perfectbalance.
the
before, combine
hind
as
placed
ward,
back-
its balance
ward,
for-
forward, but
draught, and
as
will
will ruin its
legs.
(2) If
will be
but
carriage and
(3) If
hind
is
upon
positionsof
animal
unsafe.
hand
burden
fore and
both
(1) If
such
riding. Otherwise,
hind
seen
use,
powerful
a
horse?
harm
no
where
use,
incorrect
fore
do
quickly ruined.
condition
select
will
will be
the
careful
of the
superior roominess
saddle
the
case,
cases,
transmission
legs
For
propulsion.
it favors
The
hind
the
of
action
of the
question arises,
required
small
a
disproportion
a
the
hand,
will be
of service
kind
what
HOKSE.
A
tlie formations
liiud
and
fore
JUDGE
iu
exists
If there
between
TO
the
little
a
legs forward,
placed forward, there
propulsion. It
slow
fore
legs are
saddle
legs
that
are
will be
a
moderate
horse.
placed backward
is, if all four legsare
and
the
under
THE
tlie
4?
SKELETON.
body (produced by faultyformation
but
also
the
animal
occurring with
is unsafe
and
will
as
saddle
a
fore
the
legs
legs
backward
the
angles, but
then
the
is
only
THE
also
a
Thus
very
fore
harness
poor
OF
far,we
Let
behind.
and
us
have
it
scan
of
say
how
horse
shoulder
a
a
for greater width
as
we
will
formation
chest
for
and
from
on.
are
fixed
by
the
respirationand
from
to
seem
and
use
THE
horse
FRONT
the
from
the front
to
and
from
in numbers
shoulder
hip.
The
growing weight
the
limits
the insufficient
enclosed
the
difficult is it to
so
be from
hip
The
the vital organs
width
saddle
disadvantages for
later
legs
FROM
body,
should
see
of
swayback),
hind
from
horse's
lie in
the
formation
it is to express
as
and
BEHIND.
now
point,and
in the
bad
for
examined
proportions
broad
forward
HORSE
FROM
difficult
As
and
horse,
horse.
THE
the
rump,
the
not
harness
a
considerable
by
animal, whose
AND
to
horse, has
(produced by
EXAMINATION
side.
horses), then
placed
are
separately,is entirelyunfit
act
angles
forge."
"
(4) If
hind
hunchbacked
propelling capabilityfor
necessary
of the
point
limits
of
the
movements,
of the
space
narrow
for the
therein, destined
cient
circulation,as also by the insuffi-
hip
to
hip, thereby offering
48
HOW
insufficient
TO
A
JUDGE
HOESE.
for the
play-room
of
the
should
be
special disadvantage
to
the
all
circumstances,
quarters
hind-
of the
muscles
motive
power.
Under
in
hoofs
should
the
legs of
behind,
and
front
broad
stand
parallel and
move
there
In all paces
swaying
way,
and
motion
of the
side
side.
to
lost for the
suffer
the
affords
animal
animal
forward
will not
easily lose
safetyin
to
In the
the
balance
the stops and
narrow
causes
in
turns
its
own
a
set
are
push
the
frame, the
from
swayings, time
On
safe
makes
and
walk,
swaying
speed
is
must
the other
side,
basis, and
the
its balance
and
ceivable
con-
increased
to
therefore
of frame.
width
the
legs
of the
legs
It is
an
have
become
movement,
motion
the different
width
But, through these
an
spine.
swaying
the
they
must
formation
broad
body
by great
by great
the
place in
farther
sideward
that
less
or
side, as
to
the
also, that
so
more
will take
motions
apart, the farther
burden,
a
from
gaits,especiallyin
in slow
that,
these
is
the
other, and
distances
equall
hind
motion
each
cover
equally
and
supportiug the weight.
in
their turn
take
In
through
vertically
side
from
body
of the
the front
and
should
at
laid
imaginary plane
horse
equally apart.
side
same
a
sideways.
it easy
the rider's
It
for the
weight
in
gallop.
frame
these
deviations
to the
right
^HE
and
left
is increased.
motion
but
safety in turning;
and
shorter
of the
gallop and
in
and
too
and
in
horses
in
stopping.
tho
width
between
and
not
weight
fore
followingcombinations:
burden
is
supported
of the fore
outside
the
the
being narrower,
their
balance
that, in running, the hind
basis, and
placemen
dis-
It is very
rider.
advantage that, in
the
has
stopping,the
horses,
to
in the
occur
great,it
easilyon
of the
out
of the
assistance
normal
the
turns
is
behind than in front. If the difference
(1) Brooder
not
such
hand
hind
easily
are
the
carry
the
weight
from
Deviations
they
with
easier
difficult for
built horses
Narrow
of tlie
roominess
tlie
balance, and, therefore, offer less
off their
thrown
but
diminished,
are
49
SKELETON.
the
saddle
fore
will
legs
the
on
legs
gallop
a
suffer
by
pass
legs; but, the
slipforward
broad
chest
on
such
frequently by
balancing the weight properly,especially
in the trot.
in
(2) Broader
besides
narrow
hind
the
cannot
serious
by
the fore
sharp gaits,injuriesto
These
horses
Sometimes
are
we
not
find
find,
we
disadvantagesof
very
pass
Here
behind.
already mentioned
formation, the
legs
than
front
the
latter
fit for saddle
defect
that
the
the
legs,and that, in
are
unavoidable.
use.
horses, though proportionately
\"m\i in this respect,that
do
not
follow
with
their
50
HOW
hind
legs in
with
both
legs to
SORSfi.
A
side.
one
axis of their motion
line of travel.
The
in the
back.
pain
the
led
by hand,
should
behind,
the
of the
fore
hind
the
the
conditions,
must
jaws,
do
front
or
from
that
of the
fore
of the
form
perpendicular
hoof, and, the elbow
that
bones
stands
front
joint
hoof.
leg,under
The
normal
straight line through
a
its
length.
entire
of
bones
The
behind,
from
takes
in
its
show,
sideways
and
than
in the
runs
in
an
connects
This
joints.
the
of the
appears
From
the
oblique
the
latter stands
forward,
stifle
broader
hock
downward
in the
the
stifle
leg bone
and
jointwith
an
joint falls
stifle joint,the
direction
through
thigh bone
perpendicularfrom
horse
at
angular
an
The
and
that
so
outward
hip.
the
leg,looked
contrary,
downward
direction,
the
the
on
course
outward
hip joint,and
hind
well-formed
a
interrupted by
course
bone.
from
seen
leg
hind
leg, over
positionof
and
the
perpendicular throughout, so
of the
the basis
weakness
saddle, but, when
the
the limbs,
be
hip jointof
over
the
straight.
go
positionof
The
a
hension,
misappre-
no
in
pain
under
thing,when
same
great
But, let there be
horses, from
many
like
diagonallyto
is either
cause
swerve
travel
They
dog,placingthe
or
legs,but
of the fore
direction
the
hind
JUDGE!
TO
inward,
the shank
again perpendicular,
and,
THE
51
SKELETON.
connecting with it,the pasterns.
combination
such
the
of the
bones
is
extending abilityof
the limb,
of
muscles.
development
In
hind
the
from
these
powerful
find the
legs we
rules
(1) The
down
in
points
hock,
also
as
of
the
hock
the
from
the basis
its
leg
outward.
observe
The
this
motion
of the
sufficient,
and,
not
the
hock
a
of
joints are
exposed
hoof
joint
of
consequence
the
bones,
very
we
roomy
unsightlymowing
an
motive
if the blemish
leg
the formation
formation, generally,a
leg. The
cause
the hock
and
coiv-legged.As
stride,though accompanied by
The
not
of the
toe
angle of
extending ability
in
run
of the whole
turn
generally narrow,
is called
great
placed
shanks
hoof.
longitudinal axis, the
case,
for the
as
are
the
of the
around
turned
for
direction,so that the
positionis generallya
of the
joint
here
for this
is, in this
well
as
pastern (fetlock)joints,are
perpendicular over
being
advantageous
followingdeviations
oblique and outward
an
apparent that
:
narrowly together,and
the
It is
power
is likewise
is very
pronounced,
of
the
together than
the
sprains
to
ligaments.
(2) The
hock
toes
hind
hoofs
stand
joints the so-called
"
are
mostly
step of the
turned
leg, a
closer
hotv-legged
position.
inward, undergoiug
still greater turn
The
at every
inward,
at
the
g2
fiOW
TO
JUDGE
Fig.
A
10a.
HOBSii.
64
TO
EOW
and
sprdins
lameness
HINTS
TO
THE
tlie
PURCHASER
OF
dispositionto
joints is
tlie lower
in
examined
Having
rORSE.
A
formations, and
tliG former
in
JUDGE
HORSE.
A
qualities of
tliose
the
constitutinghis propelliiig.powers,let
ourselves
for the
with
now
jadging
the
of
the horse
level
on
incline,with
legs,
shaggy,
of
croup
the
appear
and
ground
distance
between
hind
general comparison
A
the
safe;
horse
belly
step.
the
of the
back
hoofs
perfectly,
regularlybuilt
impression
of
A
space
the
be
are
in both
horse, appearing
tall,is generally long-legged and
A
the
should
being remarkably
remarkably small, else,there
disproportions.
the
larger.
horse
in
and
and
pro^Dortionsmust
on
fore
oblique, the
front
and
nor
a
higher
gets smaller, and
make
while
placed
horizontal, the
not
certain
is
place
to
already slightly knee-sprung
between
first
resources
it appears
more
appear
straight and
look
and
If the horse
legs stretched,
if
even
acquaint
us
judging horses, is
ground.
front, the shoulders
horse,
framework.
whole
of the first rules,in
One
an
advantages
some
mented.
aug-
tall
cases,
very
narrow-chested,
horse, looking ^ery small, is generally too
long-bodied.
The
shape and size of
the
head
is in
itself very
and
immaterial,
but,
the
on
of
only
breed,
of the
head,
small
very
Eoman
does
of
usefulness
the
and
at
times
head
If
horse.
heavy
upon
the
the
neck
it is different
together
and
and
formation
importance,
old
An
of
a
horse
from
less firm
body.
the
nobler
firm
flabby,
the
deciding
been
horse
has
on
account
the
conclusions
sharpness
mentioned
which
layer,on
the
of
neck
horse-breakers
to draw
be
crest,may
or
a
on
overburden
honest
the
texture
of
Firm
breeds.
crest, the
is
textures
thin
on
the
of
inheritance
of
the
exhibiting the
veins
also
crest
formations
possess
They
skin
of the
conclusion
the
of
thickness
The
other
ties
quali-
firmness
sharpness
of the
the
on
and
here.
principallydepends, justifiesa
more
and
low
will
low
difficulties of the neck.
custom,
of the fat
set-up
;
of the
an
many
by ignorant
insurmountable
the
connection
and
not
the saddle-horse, is the
Especially, for
fore hand.
ruined
head
the
with
well
a
generallybelieved.
is
as
carried
it will be
straightshoulder,
the
muscles, it will
fall
a
certainly
supported by
neck
hand,
is
a
and
diminish
means
no
neck
With
big
a
set-up
so
times
considering
by
powerful
animal,
reigningstyle,
the
prettiest.A big head
beautiful, but
not
:
other
at
the
as
nose
viz
tion
recogni-
of the
character
hand, fancy, or
other
the
for
importance
the
or
entirely decisive,
is
65
SKELETON.
THE
dry,
and
56
HOW
JUDGE
TO
A
of
the
and
flabby forms,
and
hair
growth
of
which
horse
Another
tail.
judging
the
(1) Draw
a
(3) Drop
ground, and
(4) Drop
and
Line
are
againstthe lifting
will
proportions we
(See Fig. 14,
lines.
some
of the back.
the
the
through
croup
withers
;
part of the elbow
to the
part of the stifle;
lower
bone
chief
the upper
line from
(2) A
body, and, therefore, a
line
horizontal
highest point of
the
dislikes
Horse.)
of the
Skeleton
is
justification,
of the power
of the
materiallyassisted by
over
by
defects
some
the horse
be conclusive
of his tail may
be
breeds,
energetic horse
his
from
strong resistance
For
heavy
common
cover
also
An
experimenting about
all
and
throat, by pulling the
and
having
custom,
liftingthe
of
to
Spongy
tail,by clipping,etc.
and
that
of the
try
fetlocks
the
shearhing
mane
dealers
tail.
exuberant
signs
are
and
mane
an
the
extremities, and
the
stretchingitself tightover
thin, soft hair
HORSE.
1
line
from
extend
the
a
line
a
extend
from
4
shows
placed under
the
to
point
to
the
to line 1 ;
of
the
fore and
line 3 shows
whether
the
point
ischium
line 1.
judge whether
equal in height ;
legs,and line
upward
same
upward
to
serves
shoulder
the
body.
whether
the hind
hind
hand
the fore
legs are
rectly
cor-
THE
1, 3, 4 and
Lines
the
line 2 in two
by
The
the lower
rump,
The
depth
smaller
from
the
has
arch,
the
free
expansion
from
depth
influence
width
that
the
on
of the
the
of
of
chest
looked
the
saddle-horse, in particular,does
the
chest
The
height of
a
and
have
should
great depth of
saddle.
the
the
and
armbone,
thigh bone, recognized so
very
important
the
rectangle decides
legs to
how
seen
cover
much
this,they need
that
of its
a
square,
the
their distance
important
ground
height.
The
relation
from
each
it is that
in motion.
sufficient
only find this,if the length of
twice
For
shoulder
lower
length of
We
the
actions.
for free
The
more
decides
rectanglefinally
longitudinalproportions of
haunch
also
so
front.
good position for
the upper
lungs,
lungs, than
the
warrant
the
horse
the
the
portant
im-
more
of
from
at
far
shoulder,
to
expansibilityof
chest
of the human
being
shoulder
to
chest.
of the
the arch
like
width
the
than
spinal column
the
the dimensions
depth corresponds with
for
containing the
one,
the extremities.
one
of the rump,
chest, and,
ed
divid-
square,
a
rectangles.
equally liigli
almost
the breastbone, decides
This
form
ground
somewhat
upper,
"r
SKELETON.
room,
the
more
of the
other.
the
To
legs
plish
accom-
and, they
can
rectangleis nearly
this
the less will the animal
sembles
figure re-
be enabled
58
HOW
place its
to
hind
being
in the
build,
are
with
called
tlie
its fore
of
way
HORSE.
A
legs under
backward
long
JUDGE
TO
each
body,
to hold
or
legs,without
other.
the
Horses,
long-legged,and,
out
legs
of this
fast
neither
are
enduring.
nor
To
the
judge
of the
to each
obliqueness and
and
croup
shoulder, and
other, especiallyto
5, a line from
horizontal
the
their
back,
the
posterioredge
the
hip
sion
exten-
relation
drop
we
of the
:
shoulder
and
6, a line from
That
divides
the
shows
that
part
and
the
of the
first and
second
front
space
and
horse
by
the
the
be
three
can
short.
too
be
the
is not
length
legs are
of
"Short
the
about
The
7, 8, 9.
by
a
the
large,
and
and
long
horse"
the
horse
from
the
length of
but
long back,
shoulderpiece
back
succession,
long, providing
correct, and
brought
long,
By good
be too
legscannot
too
of the
be too
never
parts in their
hind
cannot
middle
the third part that
never
fore and
horse
croup.
and
first part
shoulder, the
to rear, will be in the ratio of
positionsof
the
the
The
parts.
third part
part
between
the
of
back,
proportions,these
from
ground.
line 1 in three
length
The
group.
to the
that
of
is the
demand.
After
having
inspectit also
examined
from
the front and
rear,
the
paying
side,
atten-
THE
tion to the
the
and
limbs,
After
to
this
the horse
also
horse
in
then
If
Light,
easy
measured
and
by observing
discerned
by
action
the
of
of the back, and
power
pastern joints,are
as,
in
judgment
and
the
condition
generallycalled.
modifications.
in
As
regard
to
of
The
it is
have
wind
a
paces
is
and
and
rider,
correct
the muscles
ourselves.
opportunity to
an
lungs
is
poiut
usefulness,any
carrying
the
of
elasticity
its
of
the hock
better
far
a
ridingthe horse, we
examine
The
under
judged
and
of the power
legs.
of
elasticity
better
action
legs, the safety,
sinews, by mounting the horse
While
is
the
obtain
general,we
of the
of
and
enough,
prominent
hind
fore
signs
are
be valued
the
the
lamenesses.
action,
roominess
The
siugle part.
one
such
especiallythat
hidden
for the
be sacrificed
not
jerking
purposely interrupted,
for
out
and
cease,
from
paces,
strength,cannot
harmonious
should
look
to
must
must
notice,that by
we
the
before.
Whips
warned
be
frequentlyand
have
we
noise
horse
practices,the regularityof
of the trot, is
the
then
satisfactory,
motion.
and
the chin.
under
been
has
leading the
man
mentioned
deviations
any
disappear,excitingcalls
the
and
hips
perpendicularposition of
the
examination
the
examine
in the
its width
proportion of
shoulders, to
^"
SKELETON.
or
the ivind
subject to
of
as
it
many
tance,
great impor-
horse, with
the
60
JUDGE
TO
HOW
of
slightestimperfection
rejected.There
once
lungs,viz
all of
and
by
even
the
Such
and
useless.
arises
luind
of the
of the
inflammation.
breathing which
and
is
It
generallyends
Roaring
is
within
membrane
of the
expiration of
exertion
producing
a
same,
the
which
the
or
sudden
Wheezing
is
expiration of
to the
by
the
ening
thick-
of former
consequence
the
laborious
to
suffocation
almost
of thick
portion
wind, originating
of
the
mucous
It
is
horse
detected
to
It shows
a
the
thereby preventing
the
totally
for the
space
by
expel
puffingor roaring sound
is noisless.
is
windpipe, producing
breath.
causes
loud
a
be
cannot
wind.
degree
of
bronchial
horse
tubes, owing
extends
thickening
from
for the
of the
day by day,
insufficient
in broken
minor
a
the
wind
some
worse
detected
often
of
horses
grow
liningin
mucous
broken
windpipe,
until
lungs,or,
the bronchial
through
obstruction
from
at
degrees of damaged
diseased
work,
be
and ivMstlingf
ivJieezing
lungs,the
moderate
expansion
air
or
contrary they
wind-broken
Thick
disease
nostrils.
on
several
are
of the
air passages
cured,
lungs, should
degenerate finally into
which
or
his
tliiclc
ivind,roaring,
:
arise from
tubes
HORgg.
A
"
traction
con-
freo
the
the
air
the
spirati
in-
itself during excitement
motion.
a
modification
of
roaring, differ-
62
now
broken
bj
the
laborious
is decisive
sign
more
A
as
the
tip
into
and
close
to
the
whistling
minutes.
and
in its smallest
and
should
but
A
very
regard
to
horse, is
never
be
by
an
for
way
the
belly.
the
on
Under
him
close
ear
and
your
You
will hear
and
detect
may
the
to
put
seconds
some
forward
incline
you
head.
the
is
eyes
be
in
"
the
ear
even
disease
difficult
most
undertaken
fact
conformation of
in
unfit
a
of
usefulness
as
minister
ad-
and
roarer
the
by
chaser,
pur-
experienced veterinarysurgeon.
neglected
rejected
he
incipientstage.
not
but
satisfactory,
be
stable, as
condition.
your
you
most
important
the
his
the
of
better
a
blow
quickly
near
examination
The
the
distressing sound
while
bringing
this
In
show
long sharp galloj),
pull
a
sound
will
of the disease.
in
stall of
listen
neck
This
effort.
labor
of
detected
explain
dismount
or
recovered
being
degree
the
him
downward,
windpipe,
the
will
give
suddenly
and
degree
road, by the
grunt
saddle
wind
unexpected sharp
an
loud
the
liear
liorse,we
wheezing
easily be
can
on
and
and
produces. Step
the
diseased
a
less advanced
or
roarer
well
hobse.
a
rattlingcough, the
long
a
A
juDGi:
exlialatioD,wliile, in
and
a
TO
a
Ms
deciding point
"
saddle
this
for
a
horse.
part, the
the
carriage
or
jaivs,which
examining
purpose.
in
should
thing
Every-
horse
The
should
jaws
THE
should
be
63
SKELETON.
diverging so
make
to
as
for
room
the
throat.
We
all wish
the
for the
horse
with
light in
if the horse
case
throat
there
be
must
the
between
slip in
to
is able
or
ixirallel
convergingjaws,will
able, in spite of
as, in
nose,
the
and
the
causiDg
glands
situated
are
if
edges, and,
blood
is
with
the
rush
of blood
the horse
on
the
this
neck,
hand,
conformation
they
an
malformation.
such
to
away,
Many
etc.
they
as
eyes
running
are
very
allowed
in
or
in his
jawbones
the
glands
These
pain.
inside
and
of
those
free circulation
of the
also in connection
are
frequently causes
pressure
to the
of the
intolerable
just under
such
edges
squeezing
horse
stopped, and,
by
back
do so, the
cramped in, the
eyes,
never
bittingbridles,to give
all
trying to
against
press
not
the
be
to
sible,
pos-
jaws.
A
be
him
want
be
stylishas
as
consequently
;
space
necessary
look
to
we
only
can
his neck
to arch
the
time
same
This
hand.
horse
our
to
the
a
brain, followed
rearing,plungiug,boriug
accident
could
be traced
Thoroughbreds
frequently,but,
to stretch
their
in
as
show
ning,
run-
neck, it does
matter.
Adding
throatlash,
saddle,
as
this
to
as
well
we
as
malformation,
almost
with
a
tight
invariably
carriagehorses, it
buckled
find
is
with
simply
64
HOW
astonishing that
the
by
nature
tight throatlash
fact.
directions
the
almost
In
boxstall
a
and
with
ing
result, that is,secur"
neck, under
the
of many
of those
tie
the
giving the
horse
charge
rein
keeping
a
after
and, then,
of
horses.
this
the
the
flex both
reins
matter
horse
glands,
would,
jaws together ;
tied
as
what
short
as
agonies
after
but
we
the
a
horse
is
which
sides.
sufficient.
out
come
In this
jaw.
time, be
able
generallysee
possible from
the
for
gradually
change
time
a
side,
one
straight,thereby
minutes
at
should
looser
to flex this side
fifteen
until
neck
the
its
ignorance
They
much
so
strong, disappear gradually under
manner,
poor
impossible
an
of the utter
just
chance
exercise
hour's
Continue
in
other
of
purpose
One
horse
the
horse, first only lightly on
the
buckling
in
circumstances,
position. This speaks volumes
the
and
on,
a
vainly torturing itself,tryiiigto put
creature
out
hand.
see
can
we
bittingrig
a
all
in
horse
the
jerk
privatestable
every
to
of
ignorance
thereby the lightnessin
and
nose
impossible
blissful
the coveted
without
position,which
a
renders
in
are
kick
They
into
his
force
to
artists,callingthemselves
of those
trainers
saddle-horse
reins
It is
happen.
animal,
poor
a
Many
this
the
of the
or
flOBSS!.
A
accidents
more
means
assume.
in
no
crueltyto
utmost
head
JU1)G"
TO
to
both
beginning, no
suffers.
If,under
this
the
horse
himself
over,
pain,
throws
astonished
and
of
ness
not
the
bargain.
take
more
interest
As
long
utterly
the
the
are
many
vicious-
blows
horse-
as
and
up
are
quite indignant at
even
that such
feared
individuals
these
in
receives
do
gets restless, rears
beast, and
that
65
SKELETON.
THE
in their horses
he
owners
it is to be
contemptible practices will
not
be
stopped.
The
best
harness
A
use,
a
horse
words
few
much
is,
way
about
favored.
extended
whose
If,
at
fully,the
from
The
seen.
when
the
the
of the
to
that
of
draw
and
sinews
that these
shows
Just
in favor
ruinous
as
at
in
horses
is the
present,
for the valuation
and
be
leg comes
able
hoof
back.
to
throw
to
points.
It
the
to
step
The
of power,
waste
flying
affecting
high degree. Experience
a
cover
"
a
very
little
ground.
Jiighknee action^'so
almost
of
leg
can
the moment
carrying out
the
step is,therefore, a useless
the
that,
so
hoof
hind
is
leg
moment
a
marks
longer
no
instead
the
the
place,where
length, to
muscles
of
hoof
of
fore
it were,
as
sole
end, being
the animal
its full
air,
propellingpower
body
forces
the
the
for
pauses
front, the
pausing
premature
a
sharp trot,
a
or
diverging,
not
are
saddle
^'flying
step,''
formerly so
hoof
entirely,floatingin
observed
jaws
the
for
buy,
to
never
the
sole
much
tion
considera-
carriage-horse. It
is the
66
HOW
useless
same
muscles
Such
The
great length of
of
length
the
the
the
with
common
its
best
cover
in
and
being
the
safety
to
nothing
in
high step-out
of
supported
the
too
comparison
has
reallybeautiful
of
little
very
originatesfrom
arm,
power
for
also
cannonbone
which,
energetic motis^e
attacking tlie joints
action
fore
the
shoulder,
do
knee
only
not
affecting,
also
horses
high
HOESE.
A
power,
but
sinews,
considerably.
the
of
waste
and
ground.
.UDGE
TO
by
an
hindquarters, will
and
roominess
of
the
action.
have
Finally,we
front and
from
behind
each
legs cover
view
to
and
to
and
other
the
observe, whether
the
forward
brought
are
from
movements
in
a
straightdirection.
The
examination
it is
importance, but
treatise
the
flat
a
good
It is likewise
blemishes
defects
and
the
of
consequence
on
in such
the
a
serviceable
only
sound
places,which
that
it is
brittle,a
disqualifies
case,
horse.
discuss
made
little
hoof, if the
A
the
joints, bones,
have
utmost
limit of this
irregularitiesin
limbs
the
pavement.
hoof, in this
and
of
it said
for
impossible to
on
is
the
Bo
hard
on
contracted
otherwise
an
used
hoof
beyond
to look
important
is to be
or
the
into details.
to go
more
horse
of
etc.
the
numerous
If
in
structure,
their
appearance,
apparentlyin
consequence
of
liave
irregularities,
those
strain and
is
there
we
call it
about
the rider, we
throng of
the
then
such
find
the
we
events
brought
or
have
to
horses,
how
we
of any
judge
scruple
We
it is to
ipsist on
If
ones.
bad
a
hind-
of casual
rider.
regard
different
every
buying only
They
differently
two
on
we
hand,
fore-
the
to
how
see
blemish
same
knees,
the results
as
by
a
about
blemish
casual
at
horse
so
affected
little
the
defects,
unserviceable, but
animal
ever
to
crooked
largement
en-
a
defect
free
horse
greatest skill,in judging horses, consists
lettingpass
a
the
shows
blemish.
The
buy
about
erroneous
and
serious
as
them
der
un-
favorably built
a
on
in future.
reappear
succumbed
legs
perhaps superior
consider
may
not
may
is
which
defects.
will be necessary
blemishes
same
casual
part of
the
on
superior hindhand,
a
side,
other
structure, but
weight
fore
weak
blemishes
and
the
tendons, galls,or
of the
the
the
designate as
may
In this case,
injury,by overburdening
of
horse, whose
a
hand,
casual
by
distribution
false
from
resulting
ruin, then
to
defect.
defect. On
necessary
not
brought
If
a
exposed
that
increased
sustain
to
most
dispositionto
blemishes
or
therefore
are
a
may
6T
SKELETON.
THE
with
take
a
developed.
right
not
good
time.
Never
rendering
care
in
never
the
to
if
necessary
defect, even
Examine
carefully the
68
HOW
indicating
scar,
a
or
least
the
Finding
thing,
respective part
the
and
that
the
of
reappearance
The
and
marked
blemishes
increased
of
an
affected
of
result
find
it
creatures
and,
that
of
for
stallions
would
structure
and
tion,
exer-
in
result
in
work
the
selling
has
weak
connoisseurs
bring
of
not
with
parts
has
much
so
would
blemishes,
of
longer
mares
purposes,
bear
the
after
no
such
then
formation,
when
nothing
be
employed
must
spoil
the
which
but
whose
if
even
natural
breeder
would
two
worthless
years
the
pay
would
price
(a
those
a
horse
inferior
far
a
good
ruined
are
sort
can
that
the
dealer,
that
dispose
to
breeding
themselves
will
is
casual
impossible
if this
under
the
to
only then,
which
is established
blemish.
would
some
work);
iron.
hot
four-year-old, clean-legged
a
with
the
or
bones.
eight-year-old
rearing them,
used
cured
defective
faulty structure,
than
exertion
hairs
skin, white
proof
next
number
the
When
the
horses,
the
on
the
succumbed
the
yet
as
of
has
the
young
HORSE.
A
blistering
advantage
great
green
JUDGE
thickening
parts for
weak
TO
no
cost
longer
being
of
be
cripples
cripples,
faulty
use,
and
and
no
mon
com-
following generations.
70
or
HOW
TO
spraiD,overwork
JUDGE
considerable
sinews, that
depended
have
upon.
sufficient obstacle
and
and
violent
great, tlie
is very
pain
HOKSE.
sudden
or
inflammation
If the
A
will
be
very
yielded,can
once
They
are
a
serious
exertions.
liorse
suffers
lame.
Back
never
again ho
defect
and
a
againstbuying.
Sea^VoFCov-r^5
Cov\frActec\
F"?er
FIG.
WindgaUs (d) occur
and
are
on
puffy enlargements
11.
both
near
fore
the
and
hind
legs
fetlock,caused
THE
contiuued
bj
They
are
liarcl work,
strainingof
defects
serious
not
especiallyunder
and
violent actions
by
or
71
SKELETON.
tlie saddle,
the sinews.
they seldom
as
produce
lameness.
Sidehones
(e)are
bony
tumors
pastern bone, ju".tabove
lower
lameness, and
incurable.
are
by passing
hand
the
They
ed
easilydetect-
are
They
serious
cause
the
carefully over
complete ring,and
then
are
part.
the foot,forming
called
and
lameness
of the
hoof, producing
the
They generallyspread rapidlyaround
a
sides
both
on
ringbones.
of
signs
are
positive unsoundDess.
Mdllenders
A
the knees.
difficult to
very
but
of at the start,
care
indicate
bad
Quarter crack
(g)is
of the
hoof
the
occurs
on
is
from
the
inner
stable
a
sometimes
produced
down
of the
by
is left too
preventing
the
of the wall
must
it may
dry
and
occur
hard
long
on
expansion
occur
in hot
and
on
weather
which
produce
separation cf the
ness,
lame-
of
and
sole
It
only.
on
too
hard
tight,or
hoof, in both
cases
the
burst
the
hoof.
A
top of the hoof,
when
stopping
the
actions
driven
are
the
to
hornwall
front hoof
violent
roads, especiallyif the nails
the shoe
them
of
management.
coronet
side
bent
it is afterward
as
seldom
They
stop.
the
from
discharge proceeds
be taken
must
scurfy eruptions in
(/) are
the
the hoof
feet
is
or,
becomes
neglected,
72
which
horse
If
brittle.
down
to
the
takes
a
time
to
grow
should
not
be
used
part
rest
not
does
all the
the
The
ground.
the
that
way
shoe
the
on
a
It
serious.
hard
on
way
again, and
down
in such
shod
be
naturally
is
horn
becomes
cise
long
should
horse
the
before
but, if it extends
sole, the
every
only partial,it generally
is
lameness,
no
removed
if the
or,
crack
the
produces
animal
work,
to
goes
times
three
or
carefully
be
should
week, but
twice
clone
to be
ought
HORSE.
A
JUDGE
TO
HOW
so
injured
prevent
to
as
pressure.
Corns
and
bar, and
the
by
x^ressure
returns
They
produce
horses
Such
"upward,as
the
and
in
ground.
on
are
unsafe
a
uneven,
either
from
of
neglect
stone
or
sound
If the
and
should
be
shoeing.
lameness.
rejected.
an
arch
hoof, is perfectlylevel
with
sole
well
bad
from
or
the
as
soon
as
considerable
of
on
stony roads, they
full liorf. The
forming
is strong, the
enough
absolutelyunsafe.
into
under
sole, instead
The
his work
perform
but,
are
feet, or
by gravel lodged
stable,
sometimes
Hoofs.
Flat
gravel
the
to
horse
or
of the hoof
crust
contracted
by
signs
are
the
removing
not
shoe,
of the
the
by
caused
are
They
shoe.
the
formed
hoofs,
front
of the
sole
the
on
angle
inner
the
in
found
are
horse
smooth
suffer
may
ground,
great pain
erate
They frequentlydegensole
descends
below
the
^m
walls
of
work,
as
animal
hoof.
the
the
ought
be
to
shot
has
hoof
hoof
oval
of
by
most
shape
the
hoof
a
has
looking
by
cases,
Contracted
While
the
somewhat
in
if
as
arising
bad
hard
and
feet
lameness.
produce
sufferers
of
sole
the
from
The
an
corns
frog
unhealthy
and
wall
inner
is
produced
causes,
but,
It
various
tracted
con-
irregular
the
in.
crushed
the
an
heels,
sound
the
shape,
presenting
shoeing.
has
the
causing
poor
round
at
any-
sake.
mercy's
narrowed
thin,
Such
step.
for
unfit
are
very
shrunken,
inflammation,
and
at
for
Feet.
Contracted
front
becomes
pain
great
horses
Sucli
sole
?3
SKELETOIT.
becomes
in
row
nar-
appearance.
frequently
siderable
con-
THE
ON
BLEMISHES
hock
or
of
the
front
attended
seldom
is
able
on
is very
lameness,
of
Curh
id) is
the
hock,
and
limb.
is
an
the
of
is
four
instance,
after
an
The
is
the
for
on
of
point
the
and
is
thin
a
bed
or
by
easily removed.
posterior
its
below
a
severe
side
point,
of
action
extraordinary
or
in
kicking
or
violent
heavy ground,
horse
unfit
tumor,
the
fingers
and
chiefly
accompanied
seldom
at
and
is affected.
by blows,
enlargement
and
hog
but
bub
is
frequently
joint.
itself
across,
lower
are
fluctuant
soft
sudden
over
joint
swelling
by
sharp gallop
hock
the
side, but
to
at
unsightly though
about
produced
For
a
It
floor.
bare
the
side
stall, or, by lying
in the
or
a
bruises
through
produced
harness,
of
form
the
in
running
joint. Thej
the
as
of
It resembles
of the
(b) is
Hock
Capped
hock
work,
fast
and
hard
bones
ordinary work,
perform
to
the
causing lameness,
stiffness
and
from
located
are
part of the hock
weakness
synovial fluid
hock,
lameness.
together, seldom
found
the
joint
by
the
between
below
hloodspavin (e),which
anterior
of
escape
swelling
a
joint,above
in
and
of
form
the
in
an
LEGS.
12.
Fig.
TJiorough 2)in (a) is
HIND
the
leap,
and
a
sud-
THE
den
check
from
liable
particularly
a
gallop, cow-liocked
Aiter
to it.
produce
they generally
Cuz-i^
are
lameness.
,^^S
CoW'Jiocked
together than
turned
horses
tlieir first appearance,
considerable
FIG.
are
75
SKELETON.
12.
the
hocks
stand
the hoofs, the
lower
legs and
means,
outward.
if
A
slightinclination
narrower
the toes
to
this
76
now
shape, in
JUEGE
TO
otL.erwi-e
an
powerfully bnilt horse, is not
objectionable; but, in
the
weight
is thrown
IIOESfi.
A
decidedly cow-hocked,
horse
a
much
too
hock, producing curb, spavin,and
hock, generallyattended
Bone-spavin (c)is
inner
anterior
of the
part
by looking,from
total
lameness,
which
starting,
according to
the
a
Other
warmed
the
their
or
are
so
in
work.
as
a
horse
Sallenders
are
littlebelow
gets
small
that
outer
fit for
producing
horses
many
cannot
heel
destroy
not
are
first
from
rest, cannot
the
higher
tendency
than
the
objectof preventing interference.
are
located
to
as
frequentlyincrease
spavin by raisingthe
the
horse
this lameness,
rising, prevents
Blacksmiths
inner, with
the
as
horses
Spavined
; and
lameness.
stiffness at
a
soon
cence
excres-
joint. Many
without
desperately lame
regular work,
lying down
and
his work
bony
the
of
at first
disappear,
or
the
duce
pro-
others, with, perhaps, a very
usefulness.
great pain
to
which
motion
stands
It may
subside
disappears as
up, while
bony tumor,
fast
in
and
is discernible
lameness,
severe
horses, again,merely show
which
starting,
a
with
spavined hunter
the lower
on
hockjoint,and
time
degree
interferes
tumor
only a
in
may
lameness.
front, backward.
or
the
of the
enlargement
by great
bony
a
of
the inside
on
a
similar
at the
it.
eruption
anterior
bend
as
Mallenders^
of the
hock
or
THE
AGE
OF
13.
Fig.
To
cover
invariable
down
natural
year
;
of
or
age,
of
causing
first
i
to
i of
to
the
of
a
instance
:
a
than
the
by
inch
an
per
ure
struct-
than
stronger
breed
appear
put
age
strong
also
common
a
horse
their
the
a
colt. The
five
years
set
second
of
the
same
than
younger
of
to
second
teeth, called
and
fifth
year,
teeth.
permane7it
life,up
of its
period
first set
the
set, called
permanent
a
the
teethy between
is called
from
of
change
Horses
second
faster
to
he
is.
actually
milk
off
teeth
the
makes
horse
a
for
as
thorough-bred horse,
a
the
telling
is about
which
generally
those
teeth
his
wear
course,
impossible
exceptions,
are
will
crih-liter
for
rules
There
horse.
it is almost
case,
every
HOESE.
THE
five years
During
old, the
period comprises
upward,
when
the
teeth.
From
this
age
are
different
in
shape
of
for
the
the
animal
the
animal
the
has
time
its
it is called
ho7'se.
The
permanent
neck,
teeth
milk
and,
from
teeth,
on
their
the
showing
front
centre
a
well
surfaces,
nippers
set-off
grooves
at
the
from
body
which
age
the
and
appear
dis-
of
one
THE
year, from
from
the next
the
The
two
places
become
(2) About
pairof
with
out
teeth
three
in their
up
the
age
make
with
are
after
both
at the
age
in
with
(No. 4)
birth, appear
of
their
deep
the
next
jaws, (No. 2),which
old, and
fall
teeth grow
permanent
old, the
teeth
and
years,
teeth
set
of
grow
worn
away
the
all in line
milk
wliich
last
(No. 6)
are
last
(No. 3)
appearance,
his permanent
but
in
years
of four
old, the
The
in
appear
fall out, and
teeth
eight months
their
years
teeth
teeth
sharp edges.
nippersappear,
corner
teeth
place,(No. 5).
(3) About
the
and
six weeks
milk
and
loose
marks
or
years.
the permanent
set of milk
permanent
appear
cavities
of three
age
jaw, (Fig.13-1) which,
upper
years,
the
and
years,
after birth the first two
the
of
of two
age
:
weeks
(centre nippers)
the
at
79
HORSE.
replaced by
are
to two
and
THE
pair at
followingorder
(1) One
lower
OF
nippers
corner
milk-teeth
in the
AGE
teeth,
fall out
permanent
that
so
at
teeth
with
five
and
the horse
i
i\of aninch^
has
teeth.
every
year
at the
same
from
to
ratio
by
use,
or
marks
so
that
"
Six
old
the
black
cavities
disappeared from
the
centre
nippers. (Fig.7).
Seven
years
years
old the
disappearedfrom
the
black
next
cavities
or
marks
pair. (Fig.8).
have
have
80
HOW
old
Eiglit years
disappeared
With
TO
the
from
eight
JUDGE
black
the
HORSE.
cavities
teeth.
corner
the
years
A
and
upper
have
marks
or
(Fig. 9).
lower
teeth
corner
just meet.
At
nine
outer
marks
also
each
of
sharp protrusion
a
from
disappear
the
at the
the
upper
extreme
corner.
At
ten
old
years
pair of the
next
At
eleven
broader
become
the
12th
the
16th
age
can
and
the
3d
somewhat
down^
more
with
marks
to
year,
the
from
disappear
jaw.
lose
a
all
have
and
rounder,
tusks
or
and
4th
in
year
and
curved
the
the
oval
an
shape,
between
change,
From
triangularshape.
regular shape,
and
the
guessed.
be
tushes
from
disappear
to this age
up
they
year,
the
upper
and
16th
only
The
ween
of the
marks
jaw.
old
teeth, which
The
the
upper
years
teeth
corner
and
shows
teeth
corner
the
nippers, and
centre
upper
old
years
of age,
sharp
advancing
rounded
male
age
form, and
horses
are
conical
in
but
are
pointed,
of the
cut
are
horse,
finally lose
shape,
worn
to
all
be-
a
more
regular
shape.
Mares
generally
faintlyvisible
have
tushes.
no
tusks
at
all,
or
only
METHODS
EOCKWELL'S
AND
EAKEY'S
OBSTINATE
AND
YOUNG
TRAINING
OF
HORSES.
(1)
Rarey's
they
in use,
OF
VIEWS
FALSE
exists
that
Based
and
for
blow
this
on
tamers,
and
a
is the
opinion.
of
breath,
perspirationfrom
to
under
best.
the
mistake
viz
HORSES
OF
TO
;
SMELL
OBJECTS.
leading
sense
of the
horse.
other
horse-
strong smelling oils
into
blown
them.
arm
horses, nostrils
Other
the
moisten
the
men,
horse-
amongst
and
Toucher
training
or
of
heretofore
horses,
vicious
that
be
because
wide-spread
HABIT
THE
substances
purpose
in the
of
aware
recommended
have
other
the
scent
the
and
they
further, it will be necessary
prevalent opinion
a
because
pronounced
UNACCUSTOMED
AT
There
any
of wild
taming
in the
(2)
reader
the
make
to
be
peculiar
methods
different
to
deserve
proceeding
Before
and
exact
an
the
experiments,
many
scrutiny of the
close
a
of
result
the
are
on
and
Therefore,
horse.
the
decidedly
being
based
are
individuality
the
of
of
nature
methods,
other
knowledge
methods,
Rockwell's
and
to
superior
INTEODUCTION.
ways
hand
and
are,
with
to
hold
to
the
it
82
HOW
the horse's
under
far
the
as
it smells
its
uses
I
hands, for the
with
believe, that
the
four
senses
I
object.
the
:
approach
the
"
smelling being
the
give
cannot
we
want
is useless
Only by
the
for
the
training of
words
and
sounds
submit
to
our
slow*
touching
of the
are
for
well
with
feeling's
developed
the nose,
then, why
of
sense
of him, therefore, the
ant
import-
to
object."
reason
any
comprehend, by
should
an
"
the
so
touching
of
feeling
most
frequentlydone
peculiarsmell
the
find out
it,to
of
sense
to necessitate
not
As
is
the nose,
the
uses
and, that
the final
of the horse, and
objectwith
sake
examinations,
only
feeling,
and
seeing,hearing, smelling
all his
in
"
horse
feelingbeing, perhaps, the
of
sense
purpose
acute
an
horse
is the
nose
its
that
the
believe, that
our
use
with
might believe
one
it,to touch
enables
that
decisive,
touching
the
any
we
of
touchingthe object,because
organ,
as
consider
we
him,
to
we
as
nose
of
possibility
the
or
habit
it, but,
at
effect whatever
nature, says:
a
everything new
nose
of
has
the horse
As
"
with
consonant
because
so
thing.
opinion
whose
Earey,
have,
means
no
horse
of the
certain
a
these
is concerned,
taming
making it do
HOKSE.
A
All
nose.
scent
the
upon
JUDGE
TO
use
the
we
a
horse
smelling,what
of
strong smells
untamed
able
demands, of its
own
horse.
to influence
free will
BAEEY
teach
never
can
force.
using
without
ROCKWELL'
AND
a
speaking,
horse
of its
peculiarinstinct
afraid
method
obstinate, and
to examine
habit
The
emanation
an
everything.
applicable,not
claims
that
have
to
only
horses
to
vicious
are
and
of
need
in
more
tamed
hour's
one
inspirethe
his skill to
result,
horses.
at less than
on
narcotics.
therefore, being
who
we
alone,
desired
the
also, to such
wild
trainingthan
Earey,
is
but
of man,
actions
objectsis simply
to touch
of the
aloue,
touching, caressing,
:
to such
erroneously ascribed
Rarey's
as
about
bring
must
smells
the
anything; the
means,
83
METHODS.
TEAININO
Through
horse
such
accompanying
S
time, bases
animal
times
often-
horses
with
his
success
/ear, love
and
obedience.
(3)
First
and
in
FUNDAMENTAL
The
Principle:
offers
no
resistance
principle is
This
to any
to
based
of
that
nor
reason
of
power
right or
If it had
is
man,
the
of
wrong,
is
THEORY.
naturally obedient
if
demand,
his nature
upon
horse, though possessed of
to
RAREY's
OF
horse
appropriate
manner
a
RULES
a
the
and
far
it has
judging,therefore,no
or
of acts based
facultyof reasoning,it
to him
hension.
compre-
fact, that
strength
docile, because
put
on
would
a
the
superior
neither
tion
concep-
free will.
come
to
84
HOW
HOBSE.
A
JUDGE
TO
service
conclusions, making it entirelyunfit for the
of
man.
Second
its
oppositionto
Third
will,as
our
him
causes
looks
If
him
to
his
stop
are
music,
or
The
look
those
who
of arms,
noise
of
individualityof
the
and
their eyes
of animals.
circuitous
creatures
weaknesses.
will
he
militaryhorses,
are
based
principles,
by careful
of all
with
same
and
mentioned
shut
by
the
the
away
Examples
insufficient
instinct
pass
to pass
object,permitting
examine
and
of
refuses
he
the
road-side,
the
on
drum,
firing.
even
may
tree
a
to
up
afraid
not
above
to reach
of
will
terror
perception
the
him
reconciled.
which
object
creatingany fear,provided
minute
a
it, any
on
or
its
to
him, it will permit
to
suspicious,and
and
the
nose,
become
horse, according
pain.
guide
we
without
daily.
seen
everything new
no
strange
by.
be
the
stone, the stem
white
perceptionof
no
it is submissive
can
without
frightful,
so
has
placed,before, over,
to be
A
As
:
Principle
nature, examines
it
horse
strength,therefore
own
ever
The
Principle:
Wherein
which
nature
Such
ural
nat-
horse,
what
they
of
the
could
the
governs
plish
accom-
peculiarities
by taking advantage
consists
to
strive in vain
persons
observation
and
the
a
inappropriate only
to
ways,
on
of their
of
superiority
man
tlOCKWELL^S
AND
RAHEY
subjugate powerful
of
nor
his
would
alone
be
these
agents,
man
chain,
nature, founded
were
the
on
gain
their
with
fear.
for
can
subdue
the
superiority of
only
applied
obstinate
As
books
with
no
none
the
at
measured
be
when
employed
of
secret
taming
of
way
nature, than
and
coupled
other
make
a
will
render
spur
him
in
feel
course,
last resort.
or
the
hand,
and
which, of
If not
well
a
the
horse
recommended
means,
horses, is
not
to educate
that
as
to
pacify
only whip
and
and
treatment,
to
the
on
and
circumstances, entirelyunserviceable.
all the
their nature
kind
moment,
proper
and, under
by
means
"
degree, they
for the
other
man
into the
be
must
able
are
refractoryhorse
a
spiritual
a
inclinations
time, but,
a
also moments,
are
should
their
out
dainties, we
liveliest horse
fire-arms,
of the animals
nature
It is undeniable, that
and
the
of
are
his
at
means
not
But, this latter
love.
speaking,
there
them, if besides
abilityto penetrate
whole
find
to
wants,
dexterity
of his eye,
power
are
They
cage.
character, into the
their
means
to
means
the
other
no
these
the
or
the
sufficient to subdue
there
the
are
Neither
?
animals
strength,nor
disposition. But
the
what
beasts, and
the
over
8S
METHODS.
TRAINING
in
in
correspondence
effective,there
lastingly
the
guided by
horse, according
the
above
to
is
his
in
principles,
86
now
further
manipulations described
the
with
connection
HOKSfi.
A
JUDGE
TO
on.
the
In
simpleness
rational
most
in
and
handling
of
of your
charge.
the
for
the
all circumstanc
preserve
be
must
your
lose
you
to lose control
sure
determination,
and
on
Under
horse,
a
horse
The
guarantee
success.
will be
yourself,
you
control
kindness
the
provoking, for, if
how
matter
no
the
based
system,
rests
principles,
practicalexecution
temper,
of the
governed
and
abuse
by
not
by
tyranny.
4"
RAEEY's
OF
APPLICATION
applicationof
the
with
Provided
"
the horse
where
down
principleslaid
In
horse.
the
slowly,but
to
as
but,
in
If it stands
not
too
prevent
case
holding
arm
this
that
down
the
position approach
moving
should
forward
up
to it
elbow
toward
out
the
its head
or
at
stretched
in the
is held
silk
a
to look
whip
the left,bent
forward,
in
enclosure
still,move
toward
directly,
its
AND
:
still,allowing it
stretched
hand
says
loud, step into the
side, while
at your
the
with
right
the
slowly,
WILD
long whip, topped by
is,stand
minutes.
few
a
you
a
crack
to
as
so
snap,
so
the
preceding chapters,Rarey
the
FOR
HORSES.
SHY
For
PRINCIPLES
or
horse
back,
backward
happen, step carefullya
;
83
tow
SVMt
TO
fore, it is expedient,so
it
give
to
the
few
a
legs close
has
effect than
more
the skin
with
horse
the
ftf
purpose
anger
the vice.
As
you,
approach
you
before
cuts
If
as
him
cut,
of
that
as
the horse
shows
still and
to
care
would
again and
fear
only
enough,
attention
pay
flatter him
to
than
more
whipped him, thereby awakening in him
will
willinglydo
THE
the
making
and
fear and love,
demand
you
acquainted with
the
for the
horses, it is important
the
success
of him.
HORSES.
manipulations, necessary
him
proving that
:
UNTRAINED
reader
of untrained
upon
what
OF
HANDLING
specialrules
handling
take
for
fear, thereby increasing
and
Before
comes
be-
inspiringthe
must
we
chief factors to his submission
6"
and
thinner
punishment
of
the two
he
the back,
over
leg being
purpose
one
instead
to stand
causing him
three
not
breaking his obstinacy,
only
soon
around
whip
cut, appliedthere,
The
inflictingpain,
to administer
produce
the
of
the
the back.
on
fear and
or
of the
for
necessary,
not
two
sensitive than
more
body.
the inside
on
with
cuts
to the
up
handling,
to facilitate the
as
sharp
SOfiSfi.
A
press
to im-
following rules, experience
can
only be
attained
ing
by adher-
to them.
To
the
remove
possessed by
to
create
love
terrors, of which
coming
and
in
contact
confidence
the
with
to
the
horse
man,
is
and
latter,it
RAREY
ROCKWELL's
AND
becomes
imperative
during
the exercises, by
by increasingthese
is
absolutely
in
him,
his attention
makes
or
of the horse, to touch
smell
taken,
be
of the
or
for him
Never
and
him
ride
caress
and
ter,
mas-
tempt
atto
or
must
care
the
or
displeasure,
w^hether
anger
alarming
and
and
the horse
has
he
proceed
never
derstood
perfectlyun-
fullyunderstands
full confidence
is established
Never
tire the horse
As
him
soon
aud
avert
can
obstinate, and
as
give him
the horse
render
notice
you
tween
be-
out,
one
By such
rest.
from
him
a
THE
COLT.
getting
very
ing
will-
intelligent
pupil.
7"
Place
no
you.
warm.
proceedings, you
and
of
the former
his master.
him
the other,
vicious
great
of the voice
in the exercises
and
his
his nose,
moments
present lesson, and
exercises
never
and
tone
you,
before
new,
the
or
from
hasty
be
anything
those
face, at
govern
estranging him
to
the
that
care
shy. Every
with
you
with
alone
from
understanding quite well,
horse
love
him
humored,
change
to
not
expression
the
is to be
at you,
taking
space,
It
permits.
first,to be
at
diverts
frightens him
or
animal
the
if the horse
caresses,
kind
with
speaking,coaxing,etc., and
enclosed
any
89
METHODS.
converse
necessary,
some
object of
to
TRAINING
PUTTING
yourselfon
shoulder, put
both
THE
HALTER
ON
the left side of the colt ,near
arms
around
its neck, and
the
hold
90
HOW
head
the
of
JUDGE
TO
animal
the
toward
head, slipthe halter,with
the
the
of
nose
colt, taking
start
back, if the hand
soon
as
or
the halter
and
rope,
forward, he
will
down, which
himself
by
pullingat
force
at
colt
walk
him.
As
the halter, and
he will
If the
submits
colt
to
make
not
stop
proceed
do
it after
you,
It will follow
a
but
As
caress
and
guide
soon
to
as
to
the
made
held
you
throw
nor
do, if held
of his
aware
easilybreak
of his
strength,
a
a
to
short
line,
approach,
this
pose,
pur-
animal, trying to
the
on
by
For
guide
it to
halter
resistance
few
side.
one
to
with
that
its
steps sideward,
until
manoeuvre,
you
can
direction.
and by
By repeated practising,
to its
not
to
jerking.
offer much
it has
to
could
of the
gradual pull
repeat
it in any
try
line
the
on
sure
tractable.
front
in
he feels the
use
and
being
to
him
side, not being able
neck.
he
shying, permits
without
and,
as
play
make
never
provoked by tugging
if not
long strap
a
the enclosure,
animal,
that
As
around
soon
be
not
same.
pull,tug,rear,
The
know
not
does
the
over
its
over
gentlyover
he
fasten to it
on,
would
place.
one
strength,does
pull
placed
never
he
that
care
the halter, having full
on
stride
put
the
make
without
hand
is
is
part going
left hand,
your
into
Taking
you.
that
right hand, first,only
your
HORSE.
A
the
increasinglove
master, gained through gentle intercourse,it
will
understand
soon
the
that
more
of
around
horse
the
the
the
After
short
a
It
please.
Care
will
be
must
8
TO
"
TRAIN
THE
second
that
forward,
manner,
times
then
the latter
the
guide
and
then
that
near
be
person
trained
a
colt at his
halter
of the
OF
horse
into
take
take
the
the
other
horses
out
around
of
doors.
should
into your
left
strap into
the
hanging
your
stepping
back.
in the
In
a
horse, pull
young
end
the
Fasten
of the old horse, which
former, the
go
SIDE
right side.
strap will prevent
the
THE
AT
HORSE.
take
first,and
If you
you
to you.
up
other
no
GO
TO
TRAINED
the breast
mounted
hand,
to the
strap
across
hand.
the
put
that
COLT
this purpose,
stable,and
mane.
its attention.
A
For
the
objects are
no
and
shy,
while
mouth,
neck, grasps
ter
hal-
gently guide it, as
may
taken, that
present; to divert
far
the
the
to
of the
always willingly come
it to
cause
may
be
close
time, you
it first
times, finallyguiding it
door, by taking hold
right hand, restingon
Before
follow.
not
count
ac-
on
then, opening the door,
and
left hand
your
that
know,
enclosure, lead
few
a
same
slowly through
with
need
him, and
follow
to
not
of the
out
little while
a
past
it does
strength,it
its
for
it has
91
METHODS.
TRAINING
that
as
so,
leading the
lead it
ROCKWELL's
AND
RAREY
In
stable
case
too
this
a
of
few
the
92
being
stable door
at the
through,
too
the colt
for both
narrow
old one,
to
as
so
refusing to
it to turn
forward
to stride
tug
it back
the
old one,
whip,
with
from
colt will
with
whip
the
move
is.
young
been
of the halter
as
far
colt, compelling
forward
All the
willing
to
has
proper
guided,
it cannot
horse
refuses
taken
in the
with
armed
other
that
side
then
to
do,
trouble.
a
its head
light
The
cut
cut
side, the
where
his
is to
give
direction,and
further
ble
sta-
with
a
the
to
left hand
your
possible.
as
from
and
stable without
that
colt, direct
back
master
to be
administer
and
and
behind
so
right hand,
of the
back
his left hand, the
into the
tie it
has
stable door
the
coming
master
the
over
toward
and
If the
which
horse
young
head, place your
the
stinate,
ob-
toward
it will be
times, when
stable
halter.
first,take hold
near
the
again.
the
to
the
on
follow
few
having taught the
After
take
a
of the
neck
to
toward
old horse
the
turn
gently,
it become
Should
right,that is,againstthe
the
go
on,
go
scribed
de-
as
sufficient
are
turned
horse
it.
control
out
everything is again
straps
of the young
the head
keep
above
The
order.
good
in
the colt out
urge
left and
to the
the old horse
turn
old horse
of the straps
hold
before, let somebody
to pass
door, then, bring
to face the
as
so
the door, take
near
horses
time, guide the
same
turn it around
first,
HOESE.
A
JUDGE
TO
HOW
it will
ROCKWXLL's
AND
BAEEY
Should
it not
colt into
possible in
be
before
minutes
ten
young
would
learn
in all directions,
the
regard
to
it will
Never
enter.
stable
the
the
get
to
way
door, and
it will
into
horse
pull a
this
the
93
METHODS.
stable, lead it around
the
stopping occasionallyat
take
TRAINING
stable
not
try
to
it
by force, as
as
dangerous
a
place.
9"
TIE
TO
THE
YOUNG
THE
AT
The
wide, but
rather
a
to
halter
at the
animal
If the
the halter
is then
will
by
a
method
the halter,is first,
to
then
put
on
a
about
twenty
under
the tail in
over
under
the
a
feet
couple
the
neck
its
turning far
to
try
place a
place of
a
stall,
right or
the
ends
end
under
on
;
rope,
of this rope
twist
ends
up
him
on
half-inch
centre
crouper,
the
pulling at
halter
a
if
it.
from
common
of times, pass
the
to the
to break
horses
cure
long,pass
pass
enough
quiet, it will,even
stand
to
girth,bringing one
and
distance
of the
middle
girth. Take
common
of
account
short
a
stall,
a
step back
to
tied in the
prevent
in
straightdirection backward.
a
lightstrap, never
Rockwell's
at
able
not
in
left,and, compelled
tied
fastened
long, so that, on
too
colt,it is
the
tug
be
crossbeam, fastened
movable
behind
not
PULLING
ITS
HALTER.
should
horse
young
WITHOUT
HORSE,
the
rope
of the
rope
each
the
side of
girth
and
u
througli
the
cheek
the
about
pieces,and
horse
feet
tie to
play
of
his
upon
he
expected it,he
to
go
from
will
the
to
head, and
the
upon
soon
show
cease
lessons
him.
no
may
be
you,
that, as
consequently no
more
pull,by using
alarm
is
the
pulling and
still
such
tail to the
the
hurt
head,
where
being
natural
the
gettingtangled in
horse
will
sense
of
is in
night,this arrangement
fear of the
the
the
15.
There
if he
this, and
at
by
as
soon
will start forward, it
hurt.
the
As
tied
there, instead
from
post, leaving
stout
a
tail, Fig. 15, and
Fig.
coming
stall, under
head
rope.
pulls back, he, being
post, pulls
HORSE.
of the
nose-piece
three
A
JUDGE
TO
HOW
lose the
effective,you
exciting means
danger
habit
of
left on,
the
panying
accom-
pulling
without
mon
Com-
rope.
there
hurt
habit.
is
as
pull
there, he
To
cause
may
no
are
make
him
apt
to
96
HOW
will be
young
torse
halter
strap than
to
12"
as
HOESE.
be
willingto
more
by
A
JUDGE
it is not
bit,which
the
guided by the
tomed
accus-
yet.
USED
COLT
THE
GET
TO
TO
TO
THE
(AFTER
BIT,
ROCKWELL).
Place
colt
the
on
without
joint bit
for
on
yard, for
a
time.
short
great improvement
a
bittingbridle
the
bit.
the
to
13
the
a
and, under
loose
about
this
the
a
move
re-
allow
it to
which
means,
of
is
putting on
becomes
used
doing this, the colt
(rOCKWELL). Fig.
each
head
or
all circumstances,
to
on
three
and
other
lash
the gag
six feet
for the buckle
long
made
tongue
a
the
Put
ring.
use
at
at the other.
girth,
of
centre
stall without
The
snap
the
16.
buckles, six inches
a
on
to
gag
the ears,
buckle
very
side-strapsto
end
and
Fasten
the
one
a
blinds,
joint bit,
towards
large and
runner.
with
leather
well-padded
and
the back
throat
under
Leave
time, then
it and
(loops)being well placed up
runners
and
times
BRIDLE,
BITTING
ridingbridle
common
short
mouth
large ring firmlyriveted
from
reins.
or
a
for
girth,over
apart
his
few
a
stall with
old way
the
on
this, first prepare
For
with
THE
"
a
By
at once,
After
ready
will be
strap
Frequently replace
the bit.
remain
check
any
in the stable, or
him
ordinary head
an
be
holes
strap,
KAKEY
with
the
pass
the other
toward
near
of the
side
it
the
on
the
through
fastening the strap
well
down
throw
on
the
the
nose
out.
girth
ner
run-
gag
You
ring of
the bit.
in
buckle.
will
the
see
that
by
the
16.
up
centre, it will compel him
and
the
fasten
offside.
Fig
of the
horse, passing it from
the
tolerablylight and
same
centre
strap through the
of
the nostrils back
Draw
Do
end
97"
METHODS.
TBAINING
ring in the
to the
snap,
the
on
EOCKWELL's
AND
toward
the
ring in
hold
his
head
to
By fastening them
side,it will lower the head
and
high
well
curve
98
How
tlie neck, at the
head
the
move
In
of
purpose
with
perfect ease.
bitting is required only
and
suppling
of the neck, this bridle
being geared
down
developing
should
be
the
for
muscles
the
used,
will be
in this bridle
to
tlie power
giving liim
and
up
where
cases,
time
same
HORSil.
A
JUDGE
TO
horse
no
as
injured, in
case
fallingbackward.
of
14
should
care
be taken
first,as
that
it will
ruined
been
have
gearinghim
check
is not
go
Another
too
soon
as
should
be
it is
to
The
form
put
move
on.
The
it while
his head.
horses
Many
in this
particular.
be
taken, that
he
should,
in
ing,
rear-
readilyto
and
be
governed
As
shoulders.
at least
five minutes
oftener
it is taken
bridle
the
colt is
lesson
sulky
here
to
This
from
off and
better.
days, the
A
the
straps loosened.
the
or
within
quite
the
to yield,
disposition
the first three
remove
throat-lash
should
of the neck
a
mal.
the ani-
the top of his head.
fall on
checking up
removed
done
placed for
however
and
the colt shows
be
time
lest
tightat first,
length and
should
should
care
straps tight
alarm
him.
carelessness
by
up,
choke
colt,great
is,that he will yield more
reason
the side reins.
the
the
the
have
not
backward
over
the
upon
buckle
to
not
particularto
loose, so
by
(eOCKWELL).
COLT,
might give pain,and
you
Be
In
THE
placing the bittingbridle
In
at
BITTING
"
Do
the
re
not
and
ing
refus-
be
taught
BAEEY
ROCKWELl's
AND
him, is,tliat lie
loMle
he is
future
it.
resisting
stubborn
of what
use
consists
of
bit with
be loosened
cannot
dealingswith
This
refuse
the
bridle
common
double
the head
side and
the reins
this bit
about
ten feet
of the
bit,pass
the offside
the neck
from
where
it down
the
portion
rings
rope,
see
of the two
the
end
the
which
Now
jaw.
Fig. 18, you
will
rings,attached
playlooselyupon
the
a
jointed
the
cheek
to the
bring
near
through
is between
as
you
the bit.
a
side
near
the
either
on
take
rope
ring
jaw,through
the rope
over
side,placing
Then
usually comes.
side, and
rope
rings
rings of
under
end,
bit,then
the collar
near
Fasten
off side to the
the
of the
under
stall and
17.
one
the other
the
Bridle.'''' It
refractoryhorse,
a
long,tie
ring of
it about
on
usually
un-
make
may
Yankee
"
in all
he prove
yield,you
head
to
rope
restraint,
useful
Should
stall to the loose
or
the
prove
rings, Eig. 17.
pieces of
using
to
denominate
Fig.
In
will
99
METHODS.
from
the animal.
and
we
a
TEAINING
and
the
over
pass
that
bit
two
tightenupon
the
perceivethat the tendency
to
bit and
the cheek
to
move
pieces,is
toward
to
the
100
centre
jointof
or
the
HORSE.
A
bit,and
occasions, you
this pressure
pressing inwardly
upon
they will
that
may
illustrate,by
cheeks
own
your
quently
conse-
sensation
The
the cheeks.
tightlyupon
press
which
JUDGfi
TO
HOW
with your
Fig. 18.
mouth
and
instantaneous
and
is
a
safe and
15
In
The
partiallyopened.
"
putting
do
not
irresistible.
reliable
SADDLING
on
effect upon
the
hang
It
a
horse
is
injure
cannot
controllingpower.
THE
saddle, take
down
(rAREY).
HORSE,
so
horse, thereby irritatingand
care
as
that
to
the
touch
rups
stirthe
frightening him.
'eabey
Sling a
Rockwell's
and
the
flapstogether,take
walk
and
are
slowly up
at it.
accustomed
and
to
with
the
put it
saddle.
his shoulders
over
back.
the
Shake
the
saddle, take
and
the horse
Before
will
these
of the saddle
saddle
it off
as
to
galled by
by
of the
to hold
it in
protectthe
it
any
the
lead the horse
he
gets
avoid
again^
the
padding
back
from
fasten
it
frighteningthe horse,
is
absolutelynecessary
a
Put
the
horse,
instance
straps,as
:
to
loose
gently
pulling them
not
as
tight,
about.
little used
to
back, tightenthe girthsslowly,as
without
about
resistance.
horse's
everything disturbing,for
After
his
on
right on
saddle, then
the
To
tanglingstraps, etc.
and
finally
girths,quite loosely,just enough
place.
possible,around
same
flapsand keep busy
again,put
by fasteningthe girths,it
remove
pushing
may
you
manipulations,examine
so
to make
gently down
and
the
by, do the
longeroffer
no
becoming
means
and
By
the
by
back, until
farther
saddle
made
look
stroke
flaps and
noise
you
and
touch
gently,along the neck,
to the
fro of the
as
soon
gradually,and
up
let him
saddle
the
open
the saddle
with
horse
him
Then
As
saddle
right arm,
your
horse.
the
to
caressingthe animal,
while
under
saddle
lift the
enough,
near
101
methods.
stirrup straps, put the saddle
in the
knot
training
the
irritating
animal.
saddle
the
much
Take
as
a
on
his
necessary,
whip
in your
m
HOW
right hand, put
takingup
the
TO
A
HORSE.
right arm
your
the reins
JUDGE
both
on
right and left hands,
walk
saddle, and
the
over
sides of the neck, with
around
the horse
used to the reins and
he gets sufficiently
and stop him
turn
stands
he
as
other
no
enclosed
danger of getting hurt
is essential
this way
will
you
in
16
THE
body, and
him
weight
reach
a
pressure
of his
to stand
get alarmed
jnay be.
should
is
horse
ward.
after-
no
to
and
exercise.
In
talk
in
hours
than
upon
horse
saddle, the
actuallymount
you
and
sight
best way,
make
and
end
and
the whole
over
his back
This
master.
still without
at the
The
(RAREY).
gently and gradually
untill all fear is removed,
learned
the
there
properly by caressingand stroking
sides of the saddle
then
to
the
where
HORSE,
Before
to be mounted.
both
on
soon
large stable,
a
accomplish more
MOUNTING
"
him, prepare
him
in
after every
Having adjustedbit,reins,and
ready
reins. As
in months.
otherwise
is
may
slightly. Always
mounting
that you
that you
preparationswith
space,
during and
the horse
caress
all these
present, but
other
It
the reins
to execute
person
some
or
loosen
still,
in mind
bear
by gentlypullingthe
until
the
you
the
to
accustom
rider
will not
animal
and
has
not
wherever
the
customed
ac-
receive
to
being held,
of
him
horse
to
he
to
104
HOW
17
it
does
not
left,until
manner
forward
go
he
begins
with
few
times
pleasure.
an
This
hour
twice
same
and
taking off
precaution,
left hand
the
not
hold
leg slowly over
the
down
to
with
horse
to the
the
several times
After
a
few
got used
to
and
few
a
croup,
or
him.
the
the
being
boot, and
ground,
days
will then be time
each
the
bit and
at your
dismounting,
the
same
"Withdraw
stirrup,with
and
mane
the
reins, lift your
careful
let
closure
en-
Eepeat the
horse.
to touch
not
yourself slowly
all this time
Eepeat mounting
during
In
to
longer than
bridle, use
from
of the
last
not
days.
and
the
the
to
him
in this
stop him
annoy
alarm
the
block
horse.
around
slowly
take
the
walked
saddle
to
foot
right
your
has
and
if
little to the
Continue
not
for
a
with
and
him,
reins.
should
day
a
sides
loose
exercise
as
pression
im-
new
attempt
permitting
move,
guide
so
not
to
him
turn
to
reins, permitting you
half
to
horse
a
by
the
it in
speak
then,
until the
for
and
caress
slowly and
jnove
and irritated
by kicking
Better
his heels.
entirelyallayedyet,
is not
the rider should
on,
it forward
to urge
he
move
(rAREY).
HORSE,
handling, it is apparent that,
unwonted
it to
cause
HORSE.
A
being easilyalarmed
and
to
THE
RIDING
"
the fear of the horse
As
and
JUDGE
TO
and
speaking
dismounting
lesson.
horse
to take him
will
be
outdoors.
quiet, and
There
it
it will
EAREY
naturallybe
and
inclined
should
care
excite the
to
In
be
head
gallop,to jump, and
to
taken
to
the horse
to enable
as
l6"
METHODS.
TRAINING
S
remove
to
shy,
objectapt
every
animal.
mounting
short, so
his
ROCKWELL'
AND
toward
outdoors, take the left rein,
to
you
in
you
hold
him
he
should
case
and
draw
to
shy
step
or
sidewards.
If the horse
rider
and
is in
be
the
glad to
will
hand,
the
if the
if that
as
The
horse
pull of
far out.
18"
bridle
Place
or
RIDING
should
not
broken.
on
him
be
a
circle.
the
whip,
in
then
before
the lesson
bridle
tightenough
of the
martingale.
be
or
justified,
stretches
(ROCKWELL).
the
horse
in the barn
riding bridle
the
animal
straightline,
a
high,
too
the
as
the
by
only
ma}''
the first
guidance
comes
broken
done
common
Tie
the
to
HORSE,
THE
Begin
martingale.
of the neck,
a
in
using
saddle,
his head
his
too
side
one
martingaleat
a
under
martingale
a
carries
This
use
were
if the horse
nose
to
the rein
direction
of
use
to
around
without
willinglysubmit
more
head
his
after the
on,
forward.
move
of
move
times
will
quite improper
lessons
to
turn
several
loose,he
let
It is
saddle,
the horse
thus
If then
entirelyrefuses
reins
to check
is well
or
without
together on
him
justa
yard.
girth
top
little.
i06
'
Stand
on
strap
across
iLe
Quietly
fore
legs,and
tie
calmed,
as
the
and
the head
while
stoop
and
and
is
tie the
rein, within
This
afterward
the
a
weight
upon
any
other
hops
strap, with
well
over
to
up
three
times,
three
on
:
pull the
to
as
time, pulling
same
legs.
he
The
teach
and
he
that
with
has
points,
the
colt
cannot
get
Second, by putting
bear
Third, it prevents him
from
it accustoms
backward.
a
Now
you
to
back,
in
so
first,you
him.
to ride
over
strap
head, and
near
prevent his plunging when
the foot held
his
well
or
of the
at the
hurt
his back.
known.
kicking, take
left hand
two
from
you
quite firmly,until
you,
to
desire
your
the
up
the
throwing himself
prevents
inches
ground,
tends
across
and
of the
be
attempt
strap
leg,just below
hold
gained by this,are
away.
off
take
the
to
sufficiently
Then
to be
is not
is
movement,
two
that he
the
this
four
three
caress
by
made
or
reins
disconcerted
toward
rein
the
on
and
horse
around
him
draw
foot clean from
front
the
tail,the
strap.
about
right hand
the
is restive
whirl
he
to
the
where
near
the
as
shoulder, throw
signs of striking or
shows
the head, and
the
in
strap
If he
tying it,or
by
down
soon
HORSE.
near
withers,
r.ach
the fetlock.
him
side,
near
the
lie.
A
JUDGE
TO
HOW
safer and
take
up,
a
him
Fourth,
it
quicker
way
shorter
hold
passing your
back, with the left hand
plishes
accom-
than
on
the
right arm
take
hold
of
and
the reins
the motion
the
mane
of
mounting.
Then
still held
If
he
him.
He
shows
the
side and
you
it
hold
the
on
foot
the
loosening the
time
and
do
the
reason,
apt
to
that, if you
his
with
four
or
presence
your
side.
since
I
he
In
the foot
starts,
one
upon
adopted
of
this
been
rein
to
which
him
the
at
at
a
with
same
use
tion,
cau-
time, for
far the
wardly.
act awkfirst time.
be
repeated
colt is accustomed
to your
thrown
colt to
to
legsagainst
from
plan, I firmly believe
trainingthe
side
unwilling to
otherwise
should
strap
his back, and
never
letting
both, the colt will be
very
times, until the
Having
better method
him
from
turning him,
but
of
well hold
and
as
of the stifle,
gradually
pull on
ride
not
is
is up,
gently touch
backward, sideways, or
run
lesson
three
reins.
pull upon
not
Do
This
until
him
temptin
at-
caress
hand, with
same
leg,justback
blows
the
increasing
foot
the
If he
strap, and
off hind
and
Keep
forward.
the
foot
the
turning
him
him
start
in the reins
the knot
whip into
a
the foot and
while
foot, commence
start, take
him, the foot being
would.
he
supposed
urging
until
times
positions and
new
pull up
fall down
the foot strap, untie
down
the
few
a
make
then
signs of being restive,or
you,
will not
be
might
to
this
let down
throw
to
Do
107
METHODS.
withers, and
gently mount
Now
up.
along.
TRAINING
the
near
colt gets accustomed
movements.
it
ROCKWELL's
AND
EAREY
a
colt,
that
no
ride,is known,
BEEAKING
19
The
THE
HARNESSING
"
the
horse.
put
for
the
yard,
half
rattling of
these
time,
after.
The
traces
while,
time
through
the
the
together
that
reins
to
him
and
.108
on
in
go
the
the
without
word
reins
**
to
ivhoa
at
stop him.
the
This
tie
pretty
little
a
with
him
and
him
him
a
pass
and
After
to
careful
same
for
horse,
collar
upon
ness.
har-
minutes
breeches
teaching
"
few
a
directions
Be
harness
again
drive
leading.
to the
on
body.
to
thus
stable
the
breast
the
different
him,
him
walk
the
the
of the
the
fully,
care-
on
remove
harness
forward, impressing
to
repeat
pull
him
control
you
then
it
and
against
of
feeling
rings
traces
put
accustomed
remove
you
in saddling
as
in the
harness
commence
may
reins, turning
urging
the
again
third
you
become
and
is
remain
to
positions,
and
them, drawing
snugly
him
to
used
blinds, and
while, put the
a
be
harness
without
straps
unwonted
short
the
hour,
(rOCKWELL).
should
allow
or
an
the
After
the
bridle
HABNESS.
TO
HORSE,
After
a
on
about
in
THE
precautions
same
around
HOKSE
gently
the
fact,
obey
the
each
moment
exercise
the
time
you
usually
TfiU
BREAKING
three
occupies
with
handy
20"
the reins, you
HITCHIXa
UP
to do
necessary,
shafts
so, be
to this
and
his
rattle
wagon,
him
and
out
the
examine
in
his
or
in
may
these
while.
a
then
hitch
first few
times
being
drives.
will be
well
to the wagon,
and
ground
for
a
avoiding backing
miles
for
a
and
few
few
Our
be
method, however,
safelyused,
broken
is to hitch
horse, puttinghim
and
the
on
the
the
to
frightened,
to let him
drive
him
go
very
the
for
turning,if
sible,
pos-
give only short
to
back, afterwards,will
and
to
new
minutes,
harm, graduallytoughening the colt
ward
to-
gets quiet. You
and
days
in
him
accustom
he
him
walk
him
object, so
try again,until
careful
Three
allow
If he continues
efforts,it
level
carefullyon
must
danger.
Then
hitchinghim
the wagon,
and
the
way
stances
circum-
shafts, lead him
him
You
there is
spiteof
for
own
him.
terrifyingto
wagon,
uncheck
danger
established
no
Before
in the
no
governed by
shafts, shako
the
is
there
have
to be
in between
wagon,
If it is
single.
particularto place him
judgment.
the
for
(ROCKWELL).
up,
transaction,we
own
lie appears
as
ready
COLT,
hitching him
rule, leaving the operator
a
then
are
THE
soon
quietlyas possible. As
as
attached
to
As
109
HAHNESS.
TO
days' time.
possibleavoid
If
HOUSE
to do your
only
colt up
one
do
no
work.
that
can
alongside of
the offside.
There
are
a
llO
TO
HOW
several
usual
to
this
for
reasons
from
jump
alarm
a
if he
was
towards
wheel
with
to have
a
horse
a
colt),with
the
strap around
the fetlock,with
Tie
a
the
colt, bring it
and
hold
hold
in
team
about.
your
such
use
from
the
and
say:
same
^^
the
up
ring,pass
word
horses
tions
operaon
the
strange
to
(quiteloosely
will
buckle
You
start
as
lulioa^'at
and
the
it under
The
same
trace,
drive
the
and
dedly,
deci-
varying
never
up
the
time, draw
foot, until the
held
girth of
driving lines
will then
choose,
you
strap.
of his
them, promptly
the
to the
the
on
word, frequently pull
ground
the
so
outside
the
on
right hand.
you
the line,attached
from
is,that
ring slipped
left hand.
As
frightened,
being likelyto
quite
both
on
inch
it in your
while,
fore foot of the colt,justbelow
near
an
;
haps
per-
that side.
on
to the
long line
if
the
and
reach
long inside reins, you
the
in
on
far,mainly been
seem
and
likelyto
you,
would,
reason
not
harness, being
The
on
Another
is
self
your-
were
within
horse
the broken
it will
as
from
got
you
the colt have, thus
nearside, and
such
movement,
around
offside, he
you,
steady.
remain
him,
before
the
on
;
start, and, if he
wheel
damage,
the nearside
happen,
other
any
may
nearside, he would
do
shall
It
offside.
the
on
wagon
or
the horse, he
HOESE.
hitcliingon
act, if ajij accident
fallingdown,
A
JUDGE
lines
upon
foot is lifted
there, leaving the colt
il2
HOW
colt will
into
run
is
has
reins
the
rule,no
elapsed
him
the
take
is best
bridle
a
back.
takes
two
release
him
will
for the
At
strap, or, if obliged to
through
by
his
the shaft
Have
facingyou.
behind
A
reinSo
at
a
him
him
"
say,
half
hour's
readily. It
is well, to
steady pulls,for eight or
leavinghim
hitched
up,
as
each
you
he
readily
will
you
trial,you
position behind
ringsof
the
reins well down
turning round
As
the reins,and
is
give
time.
step
you
as
he steps
him
the
usually sufficient
operation
ten
and
immediately slacken
exercise
time, repeating the
he
next
looselychecked.
Bach,'' and
an
the
time
same
the side
from
him, pullgently on
backward,
the
straps,holding the
side,to prevent
of
harness, passing the reins
a
use
teach
bitting
hold
when
take your
him, passing the reins through
time
colt,gently pushing
steps backward,
the reins and
on
driver
a
"
repeat, until
present.
harness,
sufficient
at the
Backj^
"
you
three
or
put
may
This
the
bridle
front of the
backward, saying,
steps
while
begin by taking
reins,standingin
side
in
undertaking to
common
and
"
in
you
down
"When
carriage.
to warrant
back,
to
himself
this
adopt
If you
refuse to stand
fence, or
a
formed.
been
balk, throw
getting into
has
kOilM,
A
ing
readilystopping,starting,
drivingand obey-
of
habit
JUDGE
TO
until
one
or
he
backs
two
sharp
feet
fore
backward, just be-
He
is
usuallyhitch
up
now
your
ready
to
be
horses^,and
ready
word.
him
in
careful
Be
to back
with
the
colt will
soon
will
perfecthim.
proof for this
learn
the
of
consequence
TO
about
that
will
:
as
side of the horse,
false
assertion
is the refusal
jump
in the
him
backward,
stop
the other horse.
and
the horses
best
horse
in the
to
nature
state of the
happens,
of his
driver
Before
on.
able
the
has
load
will stand
driver,
the
his shoulders, which
The
backward.
pull
the voice
at
again thrown
and
the
It often
which
pull,the livelyone
to
generally
harness, therebynot moving
receivinga jerkon
to urge
practice
of the
certain
a
treatment.
but
to
in
and
and
founded
not
precaution,
are
treatment,
livelyhorse, hearing
a
ask
excitement, perplexion, etc., brought
irrational
by
to
not
(rAREY.)
PULL,
horse, but only occurs
same,
times
handy,
be
to
pull. This opposition is
of the
at the
this
using
By
REFUSING
"
Any faults,on
the
to wagon
load, each time having the wagon
made.
is
22
backing
for the first few
a
attempt
the
of
Il3
HARNESS.
TO
position,as descending ground, when
favorable
a
habit
the
to form
HOESE
THE
BREAKING
the
quiet horse begins
another
The
plunge
quiet horse,
alone, will also
not
still,
Oftentimes, then, they have
to
will
generallycontinues
the
made
throws
time
same
load,
knowing
not
become
what
suffer from
and
is
being
plexed
perto do.
the stu-
114
pidityof
tlie driver,who
this makes
But
JUDGE
TO
HOW
and
the horse
worse,
time
the next
he
in his blind rage.
them
whips
matters
HORSE.
A
will be
not
sure
nate
obsti-
gets
pull at
to
aU.
If
horse
a
refuses
excitement
him, allayhis
Then
minutes.
horses
a
in motion, before
the
again,before
Then
balky
tie the traces
cause
By this
with
him
first hitch
him
means,
the
to walk
You
load
"
TO
the load
alone
excitable
horse
both
hitch
on,
and
DRIVE
you
HABITS,
The
manipulations
method, described
in
^^
are
the
them
load
and
stop
own
count.
ac-
good plan
a
empty
an
first
at
to
wagon,
shorter,so
as
starting
will become
of the
other
customed
ac-
horse.
equally long, drive
empty
surely get
HORSES;
of
his
on
little
horses
the
will
WILD
side
the
hill,first with
some
up
23
then
may
to
a
by
get
the
again.
start
quiet horse
to take
fifteen
or
paces
stops
quiet horse
a
of the
twenty
horse, it is
a
stroking
to
as
pressure
horse
and
caress
correcting such
In
to
about
Drive
them.
behind
feel the
they
and
caress
again, turning
on
right and left,so
little to the
him,
to
alone, for ten
team
them
urge
kind
by speaking
neck, and leave the
his
a
pull,be
to
OR,
then
wagon,
the horse
SUCH
OF
with
to
pull.
VICIOUS
(rAREY.)
similar
Hitchingup
to
the
Eockwell's
colt."
Rarey
BREAKING
It is
:
says
the
that
The
body.
will
kick, but
Should
free
to
untie
he
step is
has
learned
to walk
him
to
nothing
to fear.
even
his
that
had
a
do
with
the
as
soon
the
three
get wild, he
futilityof
he
as
He
whip.
tempts
at-
him, give him
about
and
let him
or
run
until he
Then
legs only.
if he
harness
horse
will
even
hitch
walk
away,
at leisure.
have
you
the reins,
tire out and
soon
the wildest
were
stop
horse
on.
perceives that
him, will quiet down
harness.
his
gets quiet,
safelygive him
may
he
legsonly,
him, what
or
leg,caress
to kick
You
three
horse, being first alarmed, with
to the
the
leg up again.
on
account,
own
as
of
the
use
ever
The
to
his
to lead
unable
on
soon
small, lightwagon,
Being
on
may
As
tie the
next
a
fore-leg,so
one
begin to jump
himself.
little rest, and
and
you
again,stroke
him
The
standing
quiet down, seeing
soon
Uo
HARNESS.
points upward, nearly touching
to
please.
you
TO
to tie up
necessary
horse, then
able
is not
a
only
hoof
HORSE
THE
and
This
pay
is the
no
best
no
such
harm
farther
cure
ment,
treat-
is done
attention
for
the
vice
kicking.
24
TO
"
Bend
the
Fig. 19,
cannot
TEACH
HORSE
left fore
around
sat
A
the
foot
fore
his foot down
arm
on
TO
LIE
in
the
and
the
DOWN,
(RAREY.)
knee, put
fetlock,so
ground.
a
strap
that
he
(Fig. 20).
llfi
TO
JUDGE
Place
a
HOW
body,
HORSE.
A
fasten
strap
a
right fetlock,tie
strap
girth under
the
belly,
the
and
Standing
19.
hold
rein with
your
left hand,
bit, and
while
until he
on
a
right
lift up
sink down
horse
the
take
as
his
feet.
his
head
and
he
Crowd
not
side,
19a
right leg by
struggle,
to
the
strap, so
regaining
rears
you.
up,
knees
shoulder
turn
Fig. 21,
get tired
his
he
As
knees.
from
soon
your
and
again.
ally,
gradu-
violently,against his
after, perhaps,
and
minutes,
on
him
on
with
this
as
soon
begin
toward
down
of the horse,
his
If he
will
press
the strap, and
hold
prevent
to
hand,
the
on
may
firm
a
sink
Fig.
As
strong pull on
will
the
near
pulling the strap
moves.
happens,
bridle
the
firm
your
left
the
on
side,take
against the shoulder
Fig.
rope
strap
through
with
or
the
ring,
20.
horse's
the
a
inch
an
draw
into this
Fig.
with
around
ring attached
horse's
the
girth around
he
will
turn
over
ten
on
RAKEY
his
right side
him
after
you
the
horse
to
balance
and
Fig. 20a.
after
and
about
from
away
what
sharply
caress
EOCKWELl's
AND
the
and
you,
please, Fig. 21a.
is
he
right, until
will fall
the
Unfasten
stroke
over
to
fifteen
Another
to
his
with
is,
head
gets tired, loses his
the left
speak
or
to him
minutes, allow
Fig. 20.
way
pull
straps, stretch
his neck,
do
can
you
knees,
his
on
117
METHODS.
TRAINING
him
toward
out
you.
his
legs,
gently,and
to
get up
118
HOW
tlie words
again, using
in
times
four
or
After
down
without
a
"
:
touching the
give
horse
lessons
two
will
surely
a
lie
by simply liftingup
resources,
other
knee, with
the
at
whip.
Fig.
25"
The
a
up.'' Kepeat three
Get
lessons, the
these
leg and
one
HORSE.
A
lesson, and
one
four
day.
JUDGE
TO
THROWING
and
easiest
horse, is
to
a
surringlewith
tie
a
half-inch
you
most
rope
would
a
(ROCKWELL).
HORSE,
effectual method
strap up
on
manner
A
20a.
ring
the
around
hitch him
fore
near
fastened
his
by
of
to the
throwing
foot, put
top
neck
in
the
the
neck
;
of it ;
same
place it
120
up
TO
HOW
the
side ; pass
the
six
side hind
near
leg,drawing
it
pass
the
on
near
bring it
and
through
side
near
opposite his
horse
the
from
the
on
the mouth
standing back
eight feet
or
knot
the
off side, and
the
on
the back,
ring on
about
through
rope
neck
along his
with
lash
throat
the
near
HOKSE.
A
JUDGE
tight,
sufficiently
the rope
Fig. 22.
to
it in
keep
yieldshis
head
little to the
a
carefullyuntil
Pull
mouth.
the
off side ; then
sharp, strong pull, and
keeping
sharply,until
Fig. 22, which
from
and
the
soon
he
get
him
keep
you
up.
quite a
he
As
as
is
often
the horse
trick
necessary
may
hold, pull
your
will occupy
down, lying
goes
the
give a
rope
tightened
By repeating this, you
horse,
down, by simply pullingon
Throwing
and,
seconds.
side,
near
cannot
make
to lie
is down,
to five
one
upon
he
be
in
thrown
as
the
he
will
he will learn
off bridle
rein.
surgicaloperations,
on
either side and
KOCKWELl's
ANi)
EAREt
perfect safety,by
with
the old
26
of
way
to
"
tliis plan, it is
main
throwing by
teach
horse
a
preferable to
strength.
his
follow
to
121
METHODS.
TRAINING
master,
(rarey).
with
toward
the
using
him
cause
:
around,
to
with
the
the
whip,
whip,
the
account
to be
halter.
After
his master
horse
four
times, he
To
TO
with
come
the whole
the
whip
his
touching
the touch
his
on
of
own
the
hour, it will follow
an
stable.
be
must
turn
being pulled by
have
lessons
to
and
to turn
each
up
often
whip
stop
with
cuts
him,
to
been
taken
repeated three
out
of
doors
and
repeated until he is safe.
CAUSE
cause
he
strap,
as
the
After
soon
lesson of half
the stable
27"
sharp
will
through
the lessons
Should
caressed, without
After
or
and,
again. To avoid
caress
a
!''
with
his master.
quickly toward
head
halter
quarters, causing him
hind
his
few
a
his head
speaking
him
touch
close.
step up
around, administer
around
touching him
the
on
here, Sir
Come
"
words
turn
you
him
lead
the stable, caressing and
through
as
Then
you.
barn, step
or
the loins,turn
long whip gently over
a
stable
large
a
of the halter, and
him, take hold
to
up
into
horse
the
Take,
THE
him
a
HORSE
TO
to follow
bridle
or
FOLLOW
you
while
halter,put
YOU,
(ROCKWELL).
his head
on
the
is
"
fined
con-
Yankee
122
TO
HOW
Bridled
feet from
two
tlie head,
side
pulls to
hold
of the rope
the
forward,
come
him
With
laying
the
He
h:is
To
teach
he
chirrup
in the
moves
caressinghim
It is
you.
habit,
one
will not
be
likely to
taught to
to start
him
as
of
possess.
the
try
him
3^ou,
again.
when
him
you
him,
Come
"
say
do
:
it,because
at the
words.
will
him, repeating the words.
If
;
if he
which
you
quite necessary
to
in
in
the lesson
in this direction, you
you
The
most
follow
forward
go
obeys.
he
it is the
left,
or
not
does
not
direction, pull upon
wrong
as
does
he
right
by
back, and
direction
any
followed
the
repeat
teach
his
caress
comes,
and
comes
give him
until
the
along
to follow
him
If he
and
step
you
come,
does
can
you
as
Step partially behind
head.
only been
he
then
; if he
to be
as
so
rope
here. Sir."
to
pulls sideways
the
near
are
not
forward,
off either
ordinary horse
an
does
come
slackened
more
minutes,
ten
him
start
the rope
give
if he
;
sideways tendency,
a
then
;
with
to
him
have
to
attempt
the end,
here, Sir."
Come
"
sliort,quick
few
a
left,then, taking quickly
farther towards
caress
with
pull
a
liim
give
right and
back, say decidedly :
about
liold of tlie rope
Take
Fig. 18.
See
HORS".
A
JUDGE
foundation
valuable
or
come,
the
bridle,
rule will
apply
wish
him
follow
teach
the
same
of many
which
to
horse
this
others, and
the
horse
is
can
To
ROCKWELL'S
BAEEY
AND
teach
him
entirelyloose, put
when
strap, and
foot
toward
stops, step
allow
you
Now
take
and
up
step
short, blunt
a
right
your
him
off,pull up
the
his
turns
you.
When
whip
over,
head,
After
a
at
a
and
hit him
:
; if he
breast with
a
starts
head
he
time
Come
does
off at
a
not
long whip.
come,
He
;
to
you,
; then
whip
in the
place quite
Sir.''
liere,
then
of
If he
hit him
tise
prac-
neck
Come
distance
here, Sir.''
toward
come
same
"
the
put the
you
his
prompt
very
with
strap and
will
in the
move
When
around
across
touch
to
gradually
time, saying :
step
"
say
away.
gently
strap again, put your
same
will
right hand,
"Whoa."
:
the foot
whip
he will be
little,
feet, and
him
the
lay
he
this, every
remove
may
foot
the
corner
his
turn
to
positionand
hard,
him
caress
will do
you
moving
and
; if
say
the lesson, until
the
on
same
in
you
time
every
put
he
in
him
withers
strap,and
whip, forcing him
If he
in your
whip
the
over
on
"Whoa."
without
offside of the head
the
on
he
arm
from
left,standing by his side, pass
the strap in your
and
step
repeat until he
;
him
to
up
:
then
;
step away
to
say
him
caress
long
holding
and
him
from
attempts
you
fore foot, a
girth;
a
strap and
the
follow
to
near
him
on
if,he
on
to
the
on
hand, step away
and
him
pull up
you,
place
in your
the end
amusement
for your
123
METHODS.
TRAINING
place him
eight or
comes,
gently on
ten
ress
ca-
the
will,perhaps, struggle
124
to
and
get away,
pull up
to him
up
the
on
Come
out
he will
"
further
begin
TO
TEACH
THE
yard
HORSE
make
him
horse
the
and
back.
give him
he
where
As
sharp
a
all around
administer
a
only
cut
still ; walk
now
and
him,
and
horse
too
and
and
then
if he
long
on
the
follow
to
of the
him
WITHOUT
same
his
master,
stable,caress
and
graduallyfarther
take
him
back
stands
around
up
away,
to the
time
him,
around
walks
place
him
quiet,caress
Each
still,
step
the
continue
take
STILL
begin again.
move
stands
word,
alone.
or
him.
faster
;
In
whip.
quite perfect,and
moves
If he
and
Don't
he
as
first stood.
words:
(RAREY).
soon
cut
is
stops,
at the
you
STAND
neck, and
by moving
stand
and
in the middle
at the head
farther
he
learned
has
stand
him
of the
hand.
TO
TYING,
After
the
in your
small
a
disposition
a
repetitionuse
learn to follow
soon
step
in the
back
he
motion
ner,
cor-
faces you,
when
practiseuntil
to
in
each
at
whip
a
of doors
then
he
coaxingly,and
; at each
have
if you
"When
of the
out
get
him, placing him
caress
herey Sir^^
this way
to
attempts
repeat. If he finallyshows
him
caress
HORSE.
A
strap.
follow, step back
to
28
JUDGE
if lie
and
and
corner
"
TO
HOW
he
He
soon
in wider
to him
spot, but
will
touching
him
circling.
moves,
Don't
walk
and
cles,
cir-
caress
leave
him
him
the
for
a
EAUEt
Rockwell's
AND
tbaIkikg
change througlithe stable,and repeat
another
than
half
With
loosen
to strike
him
to
allow
keeping
gently.
ears
he
If
and
repeat.
shows
his
;
half
In
have
hour
an
the bridle,pass
of the
left hand
hand
from
nose
pass
from
the
your
approach him,
of the rope
means
down, handle
him
into
will
allow
his
him.
stall
a
to
you
to
the
break
in
him,
under
opposite side
into
his mouth
and
with
it
left hand
putting on
the neck, take
bits
the bit, shaking and
he
his old habit.
righthand
your
the nose,
headstall,while
at
time
"
Bridle
quietly,caress
he
tie
liking. Kepeat whenever
to your
no
it
back, back
to
Yankee
then
head
allows
he
signs of returning to
If you
hold
distance
pullinghis
When
ears
a
up,
and
the halter
"
pulled tightby
inclined
is
handle
at
the halter
hand, and
in your
the
head
his
If he is inclined
on
apply
low
will al-
he
trying to get
legs,put
post, then
sharply,keeping
When
ears.
to lift it.
him
the fore
with
his
without
so
and
a
longer
Bridle," Fig. 18, pull his head
gently handle
up
last
not
on
(rOCKWELL).
BRIDLE,
Yankee
*'
to do
you
TO
BAD
"
the
and
should
lesson
lesson
the
hour.
an
29
down
The
spot.
1^5
methods.
;
with
your
;
take
your
carefullyput
is in the mouth
fumbling
it to
on
the
ing
work-
keep his
attention,until the headstall is properlyplaced.
126
HOW
If hard
hand
to
put the
around
the
him
cause
will
BAD
the Yankee
in the wall with
with
ring as
far
a
To
break
This
the
up
bitting,
passing
TO
This
halter
the
Continue
not
this until he backs
begin using
will back
upon
harness, and if necessary
no
in
difficulty
Give
road
a
"
HARD
horse
he wants, and
fast;jerkupon
one
the opposite
upon
the
time
any
this
readilyat the
and
Do
to.
fixingthe
soon
this next
in
to wagon.
lesson
upon
forgetit.
never
(eOCKWELL).
pulls
let him
line and
peat
re-
of the word
after he is hitched
PULLEES,
which
from
meaning
told
that he will
his attention,so
31
the
being
past the
word, "Back,"
the
ring
a
past the
him
back
at
use
to
him
strap. Lead
until he understands
is
tie the horse
halter, pull
Do
words.
pull,then
(kOCKWELL).
BACK,
long halter strap.Lead
from
Bridle.
the
the teeth.
the halter will allow, and
as
Yankee
There
of the
lipsagainstthe
while
Bridle,and
long
a
side
and
hold
out, hittingthe teeth each time.
30"
wall
Bridle
right
your
him.
cure
Use
pass
the
press
the mouth.
to open
the bit in and
mouth,
the bit touches
the Yankee
habit,use
HOESE.
A
neck, and take
the left hand
bridle teeth,before
will
JUDGE
bit in the
under
With
nose.
TO
upon
go.
then the
the
If he
bit, all
goes
too
other,slackeu
12S
is
fiOW
than
more
probably gets wounded
stock of patience is
the blacksmith's
injury,if
lo his
not
very
large. Shoeing
the
feet
grow
should
tender, and
by being forced
habits
and
shod
be
positionto
into
HOUSE.
A
bad
get
to
apt
JTtOaE
TO
if
be
always
done
shoe
quite young,
as
very
often.
liorse does not submit
If a
is nervous,
will
good
no
and
he
case
of the blacksmith
come
him, beating
with
roughly
he shod in
to
quietly
ing
dealtreating
mal-
otherwise
him.
simple and effective
Another
Tie
light,but strong
a
jaw, keeping
tail,and
another
back
you
so
and
his
shoe
feet
the
be
"
corn
muriatic
hoof
that
well
no
pressure,
from
the
cut
the
other
pass
one
back
the
side,
Eeverse
side.
side.
corns,
and
must
care
a
acid, applied
corn
tail and
to
the
; then
rope
Then
his head
draw
on
out
the
mouth.
other
shoeinghorses for
or
The
the
near
of the horse
to shoe
the rope
In
ring
riug in
a
in the
ring in
the
the lower
on
Fasten
month,
the
near
strap
or
rope
above.
tongue
through
the
through
the
the
the rope
while
be found
following:
in the
rope
the
overcome
resortingto violence, may
without
difficulty
pass
to
way
be taken
mony
of anti-
little butter
to the
backward
must
part
of the heel
strikes
and
relievingthe part
part affected.
be
cut
the shoe,
from
that
away,
avoiding
unnecessary
RAREY
AND
concussion.
A
his
corns
horse
thus
shod,
otherwise
shod
12^
kETfiODS.
TRAINING
how
matter
no
be, will travel sound
may
that
ease,
ROCKWELL's
and
would
with
be
bad
perfect
decidedly-
lame.
in
care
slioeingforquarter-cracks
The
required.
the
horse
principlesas
same
recommended,
there
sound
growing
out
the
of the shoe
heel
from
which
So
has
as
red-hot
bar-shoe
often
will
hoof
part, which
the
little trouble
and
thus
toward
roof
least pressure
any
efforts
remedying
the
injury.
half
an
inch
crack,
should
be
of the
months
horn
new
at
with
a
right angles
up
kept
A
anew.
the
upon
dirt and
protect it from
growth
of
be burned
should
the
upon
defeat
prevent its breaking
six to nine
in
sufficient to prevent the
ointment
will
but
will be
just above
it,which
hastening
a
The
three-eighthsor
down, the
or
;
preciselyon
hoof.
made
be
iron
little tar
shod
corns
will be
growing down,
grown
with
a
may
soon
for
be
is unnecessary.
Properly shod,
hoof
should
judgment is
and
assist
in
quiring
horn, usually re-
new
for the
crack
to
grow
out.
33
"
STRIKING
WHILE
KICKING
AND
SHOEING,
(ROCKWELL).
Some
of
horses, especiallystallions,are
with
striking
the fore
legs,if
the
in the habit
attempt
is made
13d
HOW
shoe
to
them.
other
side
this
of
meanwhile
the
For
with
it around
it
pass
gives
Pull
Yankee
you
the
time
cure
though
do
you
him.
mules
the
on
In
you.
will
blacksmith
Do
it
the
The
are
the
with
the
same
it
around
with
he
to
without
same
controlled
you
will
easier.
bring
and
which
neck
This
leg.
over-matched.
is
and
is
time
important
thus
inconvenience,
legs.
him
the
on
while
him
chaDge
on
hock
hind
little
hurting
rules
the
shoe
a
down
the
hand,
If
the
legs,
above
one
wdth
as
fore
the
other.
done
it well
around
that
advisable
straps
this
(placing
holding
leg
be
tie
knot
horse
with
can
the
changing
the
leg just
of
hind
find
which
toward
rope,
portion
the
Bridle
held,
and
between
means
the
will
head
leg, stand
long
hind
near
through
up
a
it
convince
will
his
leg tied-up.
the
take
the
a
front
strike,
pass
you
HORSE.
left
pull
slip-noose
a
neck)
and
A
leg.
kickers
neck
tlie
cannot
fore
JUDGE
up
him
shoe
right
the
Tie
he
way
TO
to
goes
apply
Every
to
help
mules,
The
of
art
BITS
AND
bitting
a
the
to locate
who
take
dumb,
"I
not
to
come
L- nf
generally left
of
knowledge
whose
of
conclude
the
not,
much.
is
no
an
At
good
gentlemen
131
any
does
is
the
*'
rides
rate, it is
never
When
or
a
will
and
great way.
yond
but, bebrains.
poor
comfortably
fault
don't
in
*'
"
time
as
up
mouth,"
the
personal interest
is
faintest
same
not, they
their
cease
of horses
the
their
does
mouth,
go
drives
or
"he
the
not
critter's
hard";
soon
bitting
toss
for
hear:
so
or,
very
not
bother
happens
a
";
nose
horse's
a
bit, and
a
don't
anyhow."
take
pull
have
who
reasoning
master
accident
the
of
that, they
"Whether
his
out
our
bitting:
proper
horse
anatomy
possible into
as
poke
of
frequently
so
ortunately,
bit
a
from
my
persons
the
faculty
They
high
to
place
reaping
time
bit", etc., would
the
to
up
heard.
be
him
makes
the
well-being
same
we
makes
what
the
derived
complaints
know
what
"
the
;
benefits
many
dont
or,
friends
the
themselves
and
derstood,
un-
about
hints
some
mouth
in
livelyinterest
a
little
so
bit, might be appreciated by those
the
patient
The
that
horse's
a
is
properly
seem
of
conformation
where
horse
it would
that
BITTING.
the
come
these
or
care
boss
that
matters
!
l32
HOW
by studying the
and
the stories
There
is
to his
been
they tell
mouth, ^nd
been
and
all
Many
put down
on
There
of
account
before
attempting to
from
the chin
the width
be
may
The
The
the
there
fit him
with
between
of the
sold,
at
a
bit.
proper
of
the
mouth,
point directlyopposite
chin
in which
horse's
much
is the
press
horse
tongue lies,
of the
height
their
mouthpiece
of
the
bars, or,
surface
upper
to be
snugly.
side to side,and
"
the
or
and
the
groove.
mouth
any
of the bars
port.
mouthpiece ought
causingthe
a
width
how
for the
third dimension
are
and
accuratelyascertained
is the distance
determines
allowed
slipfrom
brute
groove.
distance
bottom
horse
excellent
of the interior of the
be
must
of the channel
which
that has
one
improper bitting.
second dimension
The
or
worthless
side,measured
side to
difficult to
perfectlyadapted
otherwise
firstis the transversal
The
grooms,
their horses.
frame
three dimensions
are
mouthy which
the
a
their
and
bit not
a
an
as
horses
and
with
to his whole
ill placed.
has
about
awkward
more
horse
a
them
thereby
of nature,
independent from
nothing
than
manage,
HOtlsfi.
A
simple laws
yery
themselves
making
JUDGE
TO
the
upon
intolerable
just so
wide
If
wider,
edges
of the
the very
pain;
to
as
it
to
avoid
will
port
sensitive
fit
if
bars,
which,
BITS
lie will eitlier
poke
with
tlie bit, sometimes
as
:
too
lips, and
displacing them
by
The
width
is from
and
piece
mouththe
chafes
folds
the
that
bit
of the
the
on
numb
becomes
horse
the
of the 2^0Ttjwhich
one-half
to
at the
the
and
one
the
place where
proper
horse's
should
be
third
a
the same,
viz
:
to avoid
sole
the
of the
and
bars
as
an
higher
injuring the
brought
upon
inch,
the
roof
the
as
of
the
reins, and
of
in
inches,
mentioned
above.
make
to
room
exceed
not
for any
when
fivehorse.
danger of
greater the
mouth
rest
port, therefore,
sufficient
port, the
the
being
should
port beiug
being
is
ches,
one-quarter in-
tongue, its height should
eighths of
spond
corre-
which
one-third
and
one
:
bruising the
purpose
This
of the
one
must
and
mouthpiece
the width
mouth,
see
we
tongue-channel
groove,
inches.
slightlyless,say
even
of the
chin
bits
wide,
too
width
point opposite the
exactly
in most
inch
one
exactlywith
The
If the
mouth.
in the
for
consequences
so
action
direct
neutralized, and
lattc-r is
The
serious
very
behind
back
creep
it compresses
narrow
the bars, the
cover
or,
or
rearing,bolting, plunging, etc.
is
the
liis nose
out
183
BITTING.
AND
pressure
making
the
is
horse
restive.
Horses'
mouths
are
different
very
and size,but the heighth of
a
horse's
in formation
bars
is
nearly
134
HOW
the
length of
exactlythe
the curb
hook
of the
distance
the
meaning
inches, therefore,
of the bit should
branch
the upper
same,
HORSi!.
A
three -fourth
and
constantly one
JUDGE
TO
rests,in the upper
where
mouthpiece
from
where
the centreline
ring,to
is riveted
that
be
to the
side branches.
Thus,
from
three-fourth
under
Only
to the
chin
place,that is,in
fulcrum
thus
remaining stationary,causes
and
it will
mouthpiece
The
his
on
big
horses
the
chain
pain,
no
of
pressure
act
the
in the
being
the
bit
one
should
lever
necessary
be three
ratio of 1 and
2"
inches
three-fourth
and
and
one
for
power
"
three-
and
with
one-
very
givingthe
controlling
horse.
The
should
curb
three
all the
rider
of
lower
half inches, to be
The
bit.
the
and
jaws.
branch
inches,the
chain.
rest in
groove,
the horse
yield readily to
upper
fourth
the
leverage of
to the
the curb
chin
the
drawn
the chain
can
the
(both being
groove
long),and
inches
by
line
imaginary
bit, an
conditions
these
its proper
a
the
mouthpiece
the
and
as
of
branch
upper
one
formed
get a right-angledtriangle,
we
mouth, the mouthpiece
put
be
placed right opposite the
chain
hooked
into the horse's
bit
twisted
in, so
fingersof
the
that
so
as
there
hand,
to be
is
when
chin
groove,
perfectlysmooth
room
put
for
the
and
the first three
between
chain
and
136
How
value
as
a
tliat
comes
short
very
to
a
bit, with
very
the effect of
is
branches,
horse's
is
pulledup
of
that
result
try
to
run
bit fall
high
as
this
the
horse
the
the
lighterbit, if adapted to
more
upper
into
loose
a
the
the
curb
has
of
above
the
not
very
chin-
the
rider's
is
mongery,
iron-
curb- chain
much
a
has
with
the
hand,
and
smaller
mouth, would
and
be
much
efficient.
structure
The
tongue
must
and
also be
size
fleshybars
called
a
of the
considered, as
the thickness
with
it will go
rests
Whereas,
away.
long
very
the
to
or, what
;
considerably
in
bore
it will
order
great piece
chain
from
curb, which
through
as
they put
or,
In
through, and
falls
case
hurting
loose
very
case
course,
tight,in which
being
branches, from
then, either
and
expected effect;
the result
upper
bit, with
a
attached, in which
groove,
a
the
making
mouth,
with
bit
a
chin.
to the
it
how
fallingthrough,
from
long
use
common,
very
too
of the bit is transferred
mouth
they
standing stiff,
prevent
to
tightcurb,
very
of the
interior
prevent
a
action
that the whole
the
order
branches,
use
will be
action
easily understood
now
people, in
upper
driven
are
be
will
HOBSE.
A
tlie lever
but
prop,
It
great.
JUDGfi
TO
and
sliarphit,viz
of
a
the
those
bars
thin
and
termine
factors de-
mouthpiece.
thick
: a
horse's
tongue, needs
A
horse,
what
is
mouthpiece,one-half
BITS
AND
incli in diameter.
A
and
(the
fine
a
tongue
horses),requires a
of
quarters
the
mouthpiece,
Sometimes
it is
which
ounces
that the
the
prove
with
of
the
not
ounces
rider, that
difference.
horse's
bits
certain
cannot
have
mouthpiece
soon
it is inserted
lipsgrow
sore
Some
horses
one
the
bit, and
tongue over
side.
bit in
pounds
and
not
the
guide
horses
becomes
in the
from
side
light
us
It is the
the
bit,and
make
the
horse
slightest
in
bit.
selectinga
which
mouthpieces,
light in hand,
the
few
a
of
the
the
to
a
they
as
mouthpieces
putting his tongue
the
friction,
constant
loose
at the
branches,
being pinched
sides
where
the
horse's
and
and
bad
habit
lolly
ing
it out
acquire the
A
conformation
from
through
the hit and
It
horse
bits."
horse.
carries
but
sharp bit,and
a
lady'shand, might
a
the. mouthpiece, but
prevent
the
her
movable
extent, make
with
play
should
mouth
Some
over
Nothing
that
tween
misunderstandingsbe-
less, do
or
more
the thicker
idea
Ladies'
serious
the fair rider and
and
:
three-
:
erroneous
lightor
a
suppositions,in
cause
well-bred
bit.
the
"
are
Thus
of the
constitutes
these
of
lightmouthpiece, yiz
weight
lighterones
bit,under
high, sharp bars,
characteristic
lighterthe
meet
actual
with
in diameter.
the
we
the
horse
very
inch
an
137
BITTING.
from
generallyoriginates
chafed.
^
placingthe
in
front,or
bad
and
to
se-
Fig. 24.
BITS
in
biting
vere
which
the
case
stopping
the
with
a
mouthpiece
cuts
the
circulation
tongue
back
makes
matters
press
]3lacesit
before
stated
into and
bruise
the
either
from
the
rider's
of the
bearing
Other
reins
being
horses
them
arises
form
curb-
too
chain, or
one
that
to the
habit, if
sensitive
are
the
very
capital S.
but
with
To
years
doubtful
ago,
bars.
horse
against or
shrink
back
him
often
quite
this
lolling
horses
the
a
of the
result
dangerous
of
side
the
one
sharp,
or
ends
apt
a
to
from
or
mounts
out
up
of the
run
habit
other,
This
in the
broad
too
of the
are
of
sometimes
a
chinThis
one,
They
shape
dering
ren-
habit
jawbones.
away.
of
the bit with
dangerous
very
Lip-straps
need
a
as
a
versed
re-
used,
effect.
these
overcome
This
The
the
branches
lower
his
of the
edges
loicer branch
acquired,is
once
horses
bit with
the
perfectlyunmanageable.
from
groove
such
teeth,on
either
draws
short.
too
again
causing
generally too wide,
are
generally
grabbingat andholding the
lipsand
then
carriage
is
tongue
and
mouthpiece.
rendering
With
unmanageable.
the
in
latter,thereby
horse
sensitive
pull hard
hand,
fleshytongue,
blood,
the
as
as
then
their
the
over
still worse,
will
out
of
which
escape
and
port, which
130
BITTING.
connectiou
pain, to
severe
AND
difficulties I
combination
constructed, a few
bit,accordingto
the
given
140
HOW
dimensions
had
of
short movable
inches
channel.
This
authorities
in
found
and
have
like
to
bit
their
that
spoon
play
with
and
hunting, a
the
hit.
the
described
tongue
the
over
outward,
For
ought
bits, as
they
thus
leaning
bit
The
preventing
bit.
The
on
viz
:
to be
and
two
allow
the
bit, than
for
instance,
branch
upper
shape
to
be used, which
may
upper
fit any
to
as
so
be
to
and
one
all
time
it is desirable
where
dimension,
length,only
inches
horses,
the same,
at
inches, but the lower branch, instead
the
several
fractious
same
road-riding, as,
shorter
dumpy
tongue-
by
their
to
the
at
tongue
firmer
for
call
tried
a
and
one
singlecarriagehorses
their
cases,
a
necessary
been
attached
bent
In
horse
the
has
control,
are
of head.
long,and
light in hand, and, therefore,at
putting
branches
port
admirably. Fig. 24.
to work
under
inches
on
riding,especially
rendering them
times
of the
part
wide, fittingexactly the
In fact all saddle
to
side branches, and
and
upper
of four
spoon
one-fourth
the
on
HORSE,
A
mouthpiece
to it
attached
JUDGE
TO
we
is
for
may
exactly of
three-fourth
of
being
three-fourths
double
to three
long.
small
ponies,the
of
dimensions
one-half
three
and
must
be reduced
hands
of 15
horses
for the
to
one
one
and
upper
and
and
less,and
three-fourths
and
one-half
lower
for
and
branches
inches
for up-
BITS
equally important
of mouth,
For
mouths
perfectly
short,
is
as
the
by
with
force
almost
ought
to
from
be, this
the
box
without
will
maker
It is to
esteem
a
dumb
furnish
call
the
horse
may
them
to
views
more
of
some
lessened,
bits
the
the
the
on
their
of
serviceable
to
the
"
time
port,
love
these
I
that
"
bit-
my
and
done
servation
ob-
sincerly hope
of
alleviating
and, thereby
owners.
or
given.
are
injuries
submit
their
with
Any
who
those
object
to
it
reins, if necessary,
subject.
them,
the
as
same
if dimensions
beg
of
reaching
admissable.
of
port
driver,
unpardonable
I
the
bars
the
the
attention
accomplish
suffering
is
perfectly
friends, that
and
of
said
of
the
are
displaced
reins,
dismounting
is
spoon,
reins
is
edges
into
adjust
to
without
the
hand
evil
driver
bit
then
horses'
the
coupling
coupling
long
the
of
the
holes
cut
to
the
enabling
and
width
only
are
width
case,
other
measurement.
if the
because,
the
transversal
ports
fit the
the
by
With
back
the
;
invariably
mouth.
they
ascertained
often
mouth
would
our
the
bits
if the
branch,
dimension,
pairs, mouthpieces
advisable,
in
be
must
lower
for
inches
three
and
per,
141
BITTING.
AND
ing
render-
It is not
kinds
according
saddles, which
much
differ
skeleton,
the
ivooden
The
"
its
is
name,
tree
This
itself
adapt
in
hole
rider
goes
142
to
dreaded
so-much
get
to
an
the
only
not
saddle,"
as
may
the
furniture
of horse
work
may
in
change
may
instance.
a
it
back,
horse
tree,
entirely unelastic, and,
uuyielding piece
horse's
park riding
They
use
decides
object
.
It
not
is
the
merits, viz
their
all
making
to
do
the
:
the
rider, but,
horse.
the
to
world,
the
of
appearances.
leathei^
the
or
in
difference
daily
tree, that
the
ivooden,
also,
outward
in
or
in
see
we
The
kinds
the
or
advantages,
purposes.
different
two
park
or
racing,
their
have
different
the
compare
all
English
the
school,
different
all the
the
as
use,
They
their
to
discuss
to
the
army,
saddle.
cowboy
is to
in
saddles
the
saddle,
intention
the
of
SADDLING.
AND
SADDLES
condition,
involuntary
saddlemaker
happens
back,
losing
flesh
vacation.
for
both
The
repairs, but
that
to fit the
But
tree
the
for
cannot
and
is at hand.
and
as
well.
circumstances,
catastrophe
steed's
long
unyielding
altered
from
inferred
as
tolerably
wooden
the
be
the
There
horse
saddle
no
is
and
then
amount
144
to the
As
absolute
A
weight
and
lighterit is,the
are
certain limits,depending
Heavy
and
thereby
saddles
Ladies
saddles,
on
are
tell
on
the
As
surface.
ladies'
is of
of
ounce
avoided,
oftentimes
horse, which
side-seat,requiring
Every
be
to
face,
sur-
gentlemen's
rule,our
a
massive.
altogethertoo
weight ought
unnecessary
than
fair rider's
the
largerunder
a
saddles
of
account
of
heavier.
becomes
generallyheavier
are
the build
large under
a
saddle
the
there
though
entirelyon
needs
weight
rider.
saddles,
size of the
for the horse,
better
the
the
HORSE.
JUDGE
TO
HOW
it will
as
very
light
build.
The
jockey
rides
short
good
The
as
will
for ladies' saddles
importance
understood, for
constructing a
a
large opening
of
some
eight to
over
this
his horse,
this not
to
seems
manufacturers
is^therefore, lower
straightback
withers,
the
the
pounds.
sits close to her
reins
of
also
hold
be
now
are
at
fully
present
decidedly lighterladies' saddle, with
old and
twelve
of
?
of bruisiug.
possibility
the
lightas
ounce
every
speed
should
Why
the trial is.
that
the
influence
and
small
as
well
quite
possible,knowing
overweight
saddle
a
The
new
On
difference
kind
this
in
n.
to avoid
in
all
tween
weight be-
of saddles
is from
saddle,the equestrienne
horse's back, and
down,
as
so
her bridle hand
permitting a pull on
direction
to
parallel
the
the
SADDLES
horse's
spine,which
of the horse.
above
her
one
hind
gets
Nothing
surface
wholly
be
a
haunches
sits too
high
feeling of
a
reach
not
into the
upward
goes
said about
gentlemen's
upon
the size of
the
when
woman
securit
inthe
air,
her
surface,affords
that
as
buckskin
"
the rider
firmer
a
the
on
"
matters
mere
of its
hold
fractious
or
is the
hogskin
or
account
on
depends
same
things being
buckskin,
riding green
of the upper
shape
the rider ; the
these
none,
the
saddles,
covering
of taste, though
of
she
does
helplessnessof
of
for
the
fractious.
kneepuffs,or
and
saddle
the reins
quarters, but
can
with
case
reach
produces
pull on
for the
reason
horse
the
will
old
the
horse, which
and
horse's
alone
With
145
SADDLING.
AND
rough
saddle,
horses, it
may
be
advantage.
Saddle
cloths
The
wrongly.
use
The
never
from
iron
the
be
may
the saddle
from
perspirationof
are
felt cloth, as
cloth
the
well,
as
back
and
it forms
in
of
a
soft
hard
and
to
rusting and
felt
or
between
soon
as
ing
stuff-
lumpy
save
the
the
ing.
break-
leather.
fillsits purpose
layer
as
present
is,to protect the
from
it is new,
though
satisfaction.
horse, and,
as
the saddle, but,
use,
that those
becoming
usually made
long
in
they give any
parts inside the saddle
They
seldom
very
could
nor
saddle
the
now
reason
gave,
object of
of
are
The
pretty
horse's
it gets soaked
146
HOW
it
perspiration,
with
back, and
horse's
than
worse
w^ill,and
escape,
mass
likely,producing
the
felt, of
of
in
of
consists
free circulation
a
there
is
fine w^ool
front
hunting
to
the
result
of too
rider forward
hair
withers
and
cloth, slippingwill
is taken
of
saddle
with
never
off, after
the horse's back
a
will be
thereby
from
horses
mitting
ad-
air,
this
horse's
slipping
are
for
inclined
mounting,
times
often-
ness
sensitivesaddle
and
So, also,with horses
plungers.
With
this saddle
happen, and, when
found
is
the
tight girthing,or
hard
ridges
quite important
after
the withers.
upon
back,
is,that
feature
is
face,
sur-
there
back, thereby shiftingthe
of the
of low
back
their
up
curve
rear,
Where
all those, whose
and
men,
fact
latter
This
to
of air.
back, thereby preventing the
forward.
under
wool, with
knitted
itself in the
fastens
yellow
horse's
the
Another
friction.
no
sior,"
"Excel-
is of fine
The
with
contact
finest
the
slimy
a
as
is the
merit
saddle.
the
in it,running from
w^oven
advantage
dis-
back, and, very-
of which,
surface
color
coming
the
pimples.
of real
doth
upper
the
and
sores
only saddle
The
accumulate
must
back, irritatingthe
the
upon
it is
then
cloth has
leather
The
and
sores,
absorbing the sweat, which, finding
of not
no
hard, irritatingthe
becomes
producing
cloth.
no
HORSE.
A
JUDGE
TO
ride
in
warm
nearlydry,on
the saddle
weather,
account
SADDLES
of these
is
ridges.
need
no
the
color,
same
and
saddle
the
saving
cannot
exactly in
the
having
there
on,
saddle
cut
are
saddle, and
neat, besides
very
horse's
cloths
cloths
the
girthing,as
saddle
of the
shape
saddle
these
severe
These
slip.
look
of
With
147
SADDLING.
AND
the
back.
Girths
all kinds
of
made
are
material, such
of
as
leather,hemp, hair,etc.,all answering their respective
is concerned.
horse
has
the
horse
by
natural
is
have
we
back
horse's
low
readjustthe
A
to
bruised
are
two
by
a
ends
double
lightbarrels,
of
and
having
the road
on
The
girth is
"
adjustahle
Neiu
whole
fits any
is
arrangement
consists
of
only
on
pulley.'About
the
six inches
pulleysin
the
buckle, laced together by
a
from
shape
these
of
a
strap. The
the
broad
one
sections,overlappingeach other, and
are
our
safe seat
our
plain,simple, and
is
and
pulleyprinciple,
girthin
ladies' saddles
dismount
obliged to
ways.
side-
turn
saddle.
Fig. 25.
double
to
or
risk
somewhere,
which
girth,''
saddle.
the
time, when,
loose, permitting
flat and
or
the
begins, after
some
with
case
take
reallypracticalsaddle
saddle
for
girthsbecome
withers,
either
endangered, or,
to
motion
slip forward,
to
saddling of
trouble
the
especiallythe
with
horses
and
the
causes,
This
in
the first
as
But
been
saddle
the
on
far
quite well, so
purposes
nected
con-
lapping
over-
square
outer
148
Sow
of
ends
JUDGE
TO
girth,provided
the
other
girth, are
either
side, and
fastened
other
by
the
of
that
to
horse, big
or
This
the
of
end
The
happen
It
seat in the
as
"woman
saddle,
It makes
be.
the
be
to
most
or
is similar
to be
or
can
even
however
the
very
side,which
at
girthfits any
girths,
common
25.
strap
most
tractable to
child
the
right-
looking
This
horse.
long,or
too
the
on
tightened
dismounting
without
may
can
the
at
complished
ac-
over
the
on
short.
too
pulley strap being provided
this
buckle, is fastened
saddle.
is
saddle
the
arrangement
small, quite unlike
sometimes
straps,on
saddle, but
Fig.
which
saddle
overlapping ends
the
big ring
pinch
the best, must
like any
the
to
army
the
without
neat, and
buckles
pulley strap, located
the
side of the saddle.
hand
with
tighteningof
the
by drawing
each
SOESE.
A
or
right side
eased
of the
his
or
her
the horse
troublesome
obstinate
a
the rider
by
loosening
with
horse
as
easy
girth up properly,and
any
easilyadjust it.
It
is
equally
SADDLES
desirable
for
all
riding saddles, hunting,polo, park,
to turn
shortlyafter feeding,it
quite especially
with
necessityof
the
sometimes
kind
is very
is
we
find
as
by boys
dangerous stirrup,as,
the
apt
rider
to
kinds
in
on
be
front
directions, and
very
out
safetystirrup.
used
for
it is
of its
racing
rather
a
lightness,it
in
case
of
in the saddle, it is very
foot
the
quick enough,
result.
the ball
of
difficult to
and
a
Or, the rider
the
foot,they
easily,flying around
it is very
of
gentlemen's
the foot, and
balance
may
and
of
gentlemen
account
on
stirrup with
holding the
slipoff
; for
disengage the
accident
serious
dle,
the sad-
taste
the
be
only
slip back
losing his
difficult to
cord, which
of
matter
a
three
light stirrup should
is very
start,
There
slippingof
the heavy, and
the light,
stirrups,
or
the
horse.
of braided
the
away
great varietyin shape
a
weight. Leaving shape
purposes,
able,
invalu-
for rider and
prevents
stirrups,there
The
simply
itself in the hair.
it fastens
consideration,
having
tightgirthingat
girth made
durable, and
as
In
of
is
horses
cavalry, doing
for
very
dangerous
so
is another
also for
hunting field,as
out
ladies, particularly
For
cliildren's.
military,ladies',or
in the
149
SADDLINC^.
AND
re-catch
in
all
them
again.
Not
"^ore
so
the
which, by
heavy stirrup,
and safetyfor
stability
its weight,offers
the foot.
It
is
easily
150
lost,and
when
caught
A
JUDGE
TO
HOW
is
not
HORSE.
slipback
to
apt
so
as
the former.
The
and
heavy
opening
life preserver
in
which
slipper,
lost, and
its
too
boots
even
are
worn,
in
padding, and,
be able to
"
kinds
in
the
the
buttons
of
case
a
thereby opening
a
kinds
"
easily
the
it becomes
foot.
rider
by the
the best,
There
stirrup,a
small
inside
one
turns
stirruj)
foot-blade
and
the
the
liable.
really re-
in the inner
placed
fall,this inner
which
it is
as
not
may
quickly enough.
safetystirrups,of
foot is
If button
caught
are
fall,the
a
foot
to be
the
around,
smallest
of
double
a
The
largerone.
different
Victoria, about
all
for
of
seems
It is
and
affair ; the
case
"
Reliance
also
are
perfectly safe, though
disengage her
several
are
become
may
accident.
an
being padded
narrow,
being
dangerous stirrup in existence, as,
most
through
is
clumsy
a
and
worst
of
case
the best, for
side, it
one
on
stirrupsthere
In ladies'
the
to be
safetystirrupseems
a
stirrup,
around
foot
drops
out.
In
where
saddling a horse,the
is the
of
unalterable
back
on
proper
the
first
place for
horse's
guide, and
we
the saddle
shoulder
is
cannot, with
that, as the result would
weak-kneed
question arisingis,
horses, or broken
?
our
The
struction
con-
only
and
impunity, go
be, sooner
collar-bones.
or
later,
152
of
action
the
JUDGE
TO
HOW
A
Of
horse.
course,
and
prevent,sooner
can
latter,a salto mortale, horse, rider,
or
saddle
of
charge
which
girths should
middle
be
saddle
of the
so
saddle, and
strap.
If
the
straps, the
front
down
pressed
make
to
as
all
their free action, very
slipforward,
either
girthsmust
The
horse.
fastened
horse
girths are
will be
or
back
take
the wind
too
and
seriously interfered
That
fasten
will
be
to the two
the
rider
by force, the
the
near
out
fore
of the
legs,if
respirationof
with.
Whereas,
will
suffer
no
the
if the
backstraps,under
is easilyexplainedby
a
serve
re-
to the two
in the air. The
sits
of the saddle, the horse
yenience.
person
girths come
fastened
a
as
shoulders, interferingwith
if he
break
in this manner,
is
middle
or,
dle
mid-
the
saddle
the
der
un-
likely,
gallingthe withers, and
the cantle of the saddle
will
under
fastened
of
the
There
in front
girths are
the
*
the whole
two
in
facts,of
the back.
over
more
one,
pommel
upon
these
ourselves.
generallythree girth straps,
of the
those
of
placed directlyunder
equally
bear
surface
understand
horses
dailyconvince
can
we
The
little most
really amazing how
It is
are
fit for saddle
saddling
proper
a
all.
and
ft
of
amount
no
with
horse
a
is per se, not
naturallystraightshoulder,
use,
HORSE.
the
incon-
comparison. Let
strap very tight around
his
chest,
SADDLES
and
lie will
and
runners,
assists
the
put
lungs
ribs
a
strap around
enclosed
are
the
horse), while
lungs
do
Why
should
need
not
the true
the
or
for
room
be
not
(or by
ends
small
the
it
portion of
main
chest
much
so
that
The
the
by
All acrobats
their waist, because
in their efforts.
in the
of the
find tliat unbearable.
soon
them
153
SADDLING.
AND
loops
sion.
expan-
with
same
the
horse ?
in the middle
saddle, the equilibrium between
of the
far back
the loins of the horse
on
intended
not
are
directly,a
thing
by
which
"
practised
the
the loins
"
forward,
Horses,
the
the
catapulton
the
followed
the
horse,
to such
in front, and
resent
by
girths
back.
sore
a
such
shift
ment
displace-
a
gracefulimitation
a
as
is
throw
degree,as
seldom
the
to make
properly
saddle
if the latter
irritatingmany
wood, thereby
jnares,
the
the part of the rider.
fastening of
upon
to
by
weight by kicking vigorously, such
performed. Many people
down
often
right underneath
tilt up
will
the
weight
pain
result, possibly,being
sometimes
movement
The
saddle
the
located
are
with ticklish backs, may
of
of the
kidneys
the
very
thoughtless riders, causing considerable
horse, as
and
loins,by
to carry
nature
see
we
horse
Or, if the rider sits very
established.
rider will be
way,
sits then
if the rider
Furthermore,
were
rudely
a
log of
horses, especially
them
jump
in the
154
HOW
it
strapping
same
Many
has
horse
a
spoiled for
practices,being taught
themselves
to
as
so
up
wondering
at
back, take
the
the
tie
into his stall,and
pain,
of
the
Horses
and
his
girthing is
should
a-half after
;
the
not
feeding,as
but, in
girthsshould
case
not
be
bite,
or
have
drawn
swell
or
against
standing
that
beast.
saddle
down
by,
easily
the
other,
ually,
gradenough
snug
After
that,
around, back
both
the horse
disturbed.
before
to turn
very
sides,
no
Finishing
mounts.
hour
one
that
him
suffers
rider
the
they need
they
such
place.
before
saddled
be
by
loosely on
not
done
lifetime
just
are
this way
is
temper
feet.
tighten them
horse
him
In
is wanted.
until he
the
bridle,turn
the
on
then
in its proper
saddle
his
girth after
one
up
by hole, until they
hole
put
the
put
loosely,and
fasteningthem
to hold
is to
the
off
groom,
of
of
against
themselves
protect
viciousness
way,
proper
upon
the
kick,
to
stupid
over-girthing,the
The
them
entirely
animal
been
second
Others, again,instead
way.
horse, throwing the
the
up
girths upward, pull
the
pulling
suffocation, then
to
the
girth in
HORSE.
A
they take up the first girth,
Then
of the stall.
corner
JUDGE
TO
time
out
tight,as
and
gestion
for disooner,
the
sult
re-
with high-tempered horses,
might be, especially
a
rush
of
blood
endangering the
to
the brain, under
life of the
rider.
circumstances,
SADDLES
The
of
rider,
the
firm
off.
rule,
the
is
in
the
to
curvatures,
of
case
the
the
of
horse
sharply
around,
accompanied
the
horse's
the
position
of
who
wishes
He
should
whether
or
ears,
make
saddle
it
by
the
by
kicking,
a
habit
and
is
ride
to
bridle
the
to
in
side,
oblique
an
safely,
examine,
are
the
in
and
before
proper
knees.
stopping
it
etc
may
rider
all
sibly
pos-
over
because
direction.
comfortably,
mounting,
position.
a
ance,
bal-
wonderful
horse's
of
voyage
fall
a
foot
to
a
in
forward,
,
be
be
his
most
the
shying,
ward,
for-
will
lean
to
in
detriment
wheeling
or
body
his
far
too
establish
compelled
a
ping
slip-
direction
stirrup
To
seat.
gets
attached
the
seat
against
oblique
upon
then
twisting
sometimes
them
an
the
to
rider
the
thigh
footing
direction
diagonal
protection
a
the
rider
the
only,
find
we
the
giving
and
and
under
just
position
them
a
hung
be
this
upon
As
forward,
short,
in
as
footing
And
should
stirrups
155
SADDLING.
AND
In
the
the
interest
health
and
willing
sickness
the
For
a
stables, the
of
in
as
they
Give
put down
then
side
of the
gutter
behind
rest
in the
middle
laths
are
drains
of
6 feet
rabbetted
fit
board
flooring
the
iron
whole
drains,
laid
boards,
2 inches
stall
is for the
to
be
of
3-16
exactly under
urine
is
long, 3
1-2
the
from
down
to
for
sake
of
156
a
rabbetted
fastened
the
for
:
9J feet long, the
front
the
the
ought
best), and
escape
away
as
thick
cross-
either
on
stall, 6 feet long, 16 in. wide, overreaching
the
iron
for
feet
S}^
ways,
is
submitted
laths, and
the
and
joined together.
are
The
keep
to
Fig. 25, showing
cut.
and
arrangement,
also
promote
useful
most
our
are
and
wide
to
following suggestions
floors
stable
5 feet
stall
of
horses"
our
and
owners,
well-being
from
be
would
horse
of
servants"
laying
DRAINAGE.
STABLE
ABOUT
the
easy
made
in.
by about
laths
of
inch,
an
the
laths,
impossible.
up
(beechwood
wood,
2
wide, and
bottom
drains.
and
hard
inch, the
one
1
1-2
1-4
that
so
thereby
These
in.
in.
if
They
necessary.
an
laths
deep,
under-flooring by long
removal,
the
and
are
screws,
The
should
sunk
down
incline of the floor from
head
of
head
screws
be
157
DHAINAGE.
STABLE
ABOUT
to avoid
hurting
the horse.
The
to
\f"
i
i
^
.$
$
tt
?
-'f
""
cs
"ic
*--^li
1
St
fccttef
-^^^ccYC^
-^
Fia.
25,
gutter, should
156
in
HOW
no
be
case
affects the
The
than
more
closed
at the
The
urine
end.
flows
off
the conducts
This
in
the
laying stable
stables, built
One
and
avenue
is very
the cost
It is
are,
after
but
condemned
into
through
floors is not
and
mon
uncom-
in
introduced
Brewery, Ninth
Eighth street, New
little.
for
seek
any
and
haidljventilated,
of
two-thirds
perhaps
to
unfit
stables
drains
there
from
Lion
the
day's hard work,
a
long,and
and
gives complete satisfaction,
it
fact that,
a
by
Hundred
City, where
feet
iron
the
has, of late,been
and
Europe,
new
York
through
6
inside,
sewer.
of
method
in. wide
high, 1
the stalls,
and
to the
horse.
thick, and
inch
head
the gutter behind
house.
inches, for,if steeper, it
3
1 1-4 in.
are
one-eighth
a
loins of the
jointsand
iron drains
about
Junai:
TO
not
rest
only badly
and
horses
our
cared
for,
recuperation
in
living creature, badly lighted,
worst
of all,entirelyinadequately
drained.
The
poor
creatures
the whole
a
rotten
and
stables
is
An
bedding
because
the
altogetherwrong.
easily removed
condemned
to
ing
inhale, dur-
of
night,the health-destroyingvapors
floor, and
all this
are
saturated
present
This
with
way
nuisance
by simply breaking
improvement
in this direction
of
ammonia
flooring
could
be
the old custom.
would
be
an
act
ABOUT
HORSE
ONE
OR
DKIVING.
PAIR
A
FOUR-IN-HAND
"
Driying
The
horses
should
bitted
point, properly
be
of the
action, and
Keins
and
whip
The
right
hand
hand
to
summons
the
The
left, or
thumb
second
and
somewhat
at
wrist
should
be
the
and
them.
and
of
turning
assisting
the
called
gives
its
assisting
horses, in
the
in
held
reins
the
the
26-
first
and
third
inward,
be
and
sounds
whip,
the
driver
between
second, because
guiding hand,
right angles
Short
correspondence
lengthening
Fig.
same
the
whereby
means
horses.
stopping
and
shortening
hand.
in
the
alike.
it holds
;
should
They
disposition,have
properly
may
start
left hand
left
his
first,because
;
the
the
complete
harnessed.
heads
are
with
communicates
words
and
their
carry
in every
properly matched,
and
height
same
TANDEM.
Pair.
a
be
OR
with
finger, the
fingers,
and
the
be
should
carried
not
right
left line
line
be
with
arm.
upper
kept loose,
the
holding
tween
be-
between
off
rounded
the
As
rigid,the
under
in
arm
riding, the
hand
stand^
J60
ABOUT
ing quietand being closed,so
from
and
manipulations
hand.
The
of
the
the
left hand
slipthrough
The
should
pressure
in
the
^ohip^or
be
riding,should
on),
front
of
them
back
left
the
sary,
neces-
from
be-
26.
lengthening^
by lettingthem
opened fingersforward.
slightly
the
animated
of the
the
;
further
the reins, whenever
FiG.
hind
in
by drawing
out
back
right (assisting)hand
reins
of
shortening
is carried
the reins
turning, stepping
the
accomplished by
grasping easilyinto
prevent
fully explained
stopping, (more
are
to
as
the hand.
slippingthrough
The
161
DRIVING.
instrument
step forward,
to
the
legs,or
not
but, particularly,
as a
whereby
be
meaos
similar
applicationof
used
the
the
horses
to the
spurs
only for punishment,
to
regulatethe
paces
162
and
horses,
in the
differences
the
equalize
to
in
assist
to
HORSE.
A
JUDGE
TO
HOW
the
temper
correctness
of
the
of
the
turns.
should
driver
The
in
team
elegant
an
eagerlybent
be
pleasing
so
manner,
his
handling
on
the
of
eye
the uninitiated.
even
ivhipyalso
hints loith the
The
be
lastly the punishing cuts, must
from
flexible wrist, hittingthe horse
and, if
further
The
repeated
be
necessary,
of the
forward
lightercuts,
the
executed
below
with
the
over
used
also
when
outward
far
strike
the
force.
out,
going
hill
up
be
to
horse
a
head
too
heavy
over
or
it
kick
or
has
whip
is
behind,
carrying its
leaning against the pole,and
far
upward,
to
inside, for instance, with
the
on
to
Sometimes
traces.
a
hindquarters the whip
horses
some
with
increased
applied,the better, for, if administered
might provoke
and
ground.
If it becomes
cuts
be
necessary
in
wrong
time,
this
nor
abuse
and
show
The
hit
never
the
ruffian
should
driver
horse
a
at
To
pouring
oil into the
fire,and
thrashing a lazy or
act, making
to
show
a
very
High-bred horses, punished at
Dieans
off one's
low-spiritedhorse,
at all times
the
by thrashing the
high-bred,spiritedhorses,
horse.
in
punish,begin with light
far forward.
administered
moderate
to
is
bad
the wrong
a
force
temptible
con-
sion.
imprestime,
ABOUT
will
be
trouble,
and
sooner
later,if
or
not
driver
imprudent
the
endanger
in
carriage
its occupants.
gradually increasingeffect
The
the horses
of
the
much
It
will
of
is not
of
it.
make
whip
Cajole
them
horses
the difference
thing, and
there
should
even
correcting
during
the time
of
of
have
the
be
very
whip, thereby
rendering
The
best
though
not
his
carriage
as
horses
should
the
be
bad
last
done
of
remains
coachmen
continuallyusing
irritatingtheir
and
and
impressions.
here, that many
hints
appearance
presents is,if he
the
to
entirely unfeeling
distinguishbetween
to teach
in
resorted
to avoid
habit
either
them
allay their
training,or exercisingthem,
mentioned
bad
least
moderately.
the
possible,unobserved,
It should
too
hints, punishment, and
only be
then, very
the
at
how
occupants
are
be
of
it, thereby, you
knows
between
jerks,
horses
it and
to
driver
intelligent
An
The
with
accustomed
fear.
punishment
pants
occu-
handling
jumping
"
upon
the
rude
desirable, that
the
them
cajoling. If
whip
saves
by injudiciousand
afraid
touch
the
carriage unpleasant jolts and
the
whip.
of
fear and
their
removes
about
brought
if
the
bring
to
sure
1^3
DRIVING.
and
horses,
unable
the
or
to
punishment.
the driver
on
the
box
always
perfectlyquiet and straight,
rigid,during
the
many
manipulations,
164
HOW
givingthe
hints
TO
JUDGE
A
to his horses
HORSE.
little
as
perceivabljas
possible.
THE
POSITION
OF
THE
COACHMAN
Fig.
The
positionof
be
unconstrained
as
far
as
the
but
ON
THE
BOX.
27.
coachman
on
the
box, should
the legs stretched
straight,
to establish
possible,
a
firm
out
supportfor thQ
ABOUT
and
handling
close
stopping of
together, the
a
straightwith
under
the
of the
under
arms
and
arm
with
body
down
body, forming
the
the
and
toes
held
arms
upper
with
right angle
middle
tlie horse's
close to the
and
165
DRIVING.
dicularly,
perpen-
at the elbow
the
;
hands
before
placed
wrists
knees
the
slightlyrounded
off.
The
reins
top, between
on
between
reins
tightenough
The
tight.
in
thumb
second
Both
in the left hand
held
are
and
and
thhd
should
in
equal
horses'
should
whip
first finger; the
be
toward
end
thicker
the
held
in
the
hand.
the left
near
near
for
The
hand,
on
a
length of
same
just
not
too
righthand
the left and
;
to its
about
the
ward
for-
lower,
tending
length, ex-
four
inclies
be
placed
should
whip-hand
the
the
horse
whip, according
of the
downward
below
of the
ear
length and
mouths, but
oblique direction, pointing to
an
rightrein
fingers.
be
to feel the
the left rein
;
height,or
slightly
forward.
well-trained
The
shouhl,
and
in
coachman,
waiting before
seated
on
the
box,
still
the house, sit perfectly
straight,avoiding all twisting and turning of
his
body.
STARTING.
The
driver, holding the rein-hand
quiet,should
give the
hint
to
(left)perfectly
his horses
for
starting
166
in
hissing tone,
low
a
time
same
enough
to
start at
his hand
come
to
up
First
whip.
into
over
go
little
a
from
carriage
motion
sideways
this
from
the
steps
first
them
the
thereby loosening
few
a
regulate the
horses, especiallyyoung
well, turn
start
not
after
with
rein
give them
to
as
at the
come,"
"
collar,then
the
both
or
so
touching
or
walk, and
a
If one,
trot.
do
lowering
by laying on,
pace
the word
by
or
HORSE.
A
JUDGE
TO
HOW
ones,
sideways,
the spot, and
easier
will
they
a
find the
start.
The
so
trot
of
that neither
be
would
is
quite essential
for
straight roads,
On
of the
other
and
be
of the
to
but, under
specialcircumstances,
roads, in
narrow
crowded
elegant carriages,where
advisable
reins
to
both
use
left,so
out
well up
as
or
to be
a
to the
At
all
reins, for
the rein, the pace
; that
must
if
horse.
times
one
become
It
temper.
same
left
only ;
instance, in
into
with
play, it is
hold
means,
rightin front, or
always prepared
stop.
otherwise
thoroughfares,or
hands
lazy
appearance
as, for
style comes
; the
in the left hand
; the
hand, the
customary
one
horses,
light vehicles, it is
with
and
with
drive
bit,as
economy
should
horses
that both
the
to
cost
at
overtaxed
be
may
up
for both
one
even
them
favored
he
sake
an
brought
be
must
horse
to be
ought
for
a
keep
of them
uneven.
near
sudden
your
goes
both
the
ing
turn-
horses
behind
168
HOW
but
hurry backward,
refuses
trained
sufficiently
then,
the
on
for the
horses
on
hindpart of
the
the
of
purpose
the
to
whip^
the
move,
pulls
in
or
space,
row
nar-
giving the carriage
be done, very
carefully,
spot toward
the
must
renewed
the
to
small
a
direction, must
by turning
the
in
Backing
reins.
other
where
legs begin
two
or
of
or
young
coachman
the
"
yield immediately
passages,
some
one
with
case
touches
light
by
as
soon
as
will
horse
first
it
loosen
horses
gets fixed,and
horse
one
wMp
and
Lines
step.
frequentlythe
back"
to
for
If
assist eacli other.
must
not
step
HORSE.
A
JUDGE
TO
carriage is
side
that
intended
to be
placed.
For
instance, you
house-door
blocked
chance
Turn
your
to do
so,
intend
horses
but to back
then
let them
to
wheel
the
slowly to
them
before
will
bring the
the
to the
straightbefore
place.
far
step back
the
right,the
left ; let them
to
street
carriage,and
ing
be-
see
you
to the
is
a
no
door.
as
there
so
far until your
same
as
back
you
you
your
turned
slowly,which
the desired
you
room
where
spot
wheel, and finallyturn
the
to
up
carriage; then, swing
left fore wheel
front of the hind
side,the
carriagein
left,as
reaches
place
drive
to
carriages,and
your
to the
horses
hind
left
other
by
up
other
left hand
your
upon
compelled
are
your
are
at
spot in
horses
the
tended
in-
ABOtJT
To
execute
difficult. At
more
horses
around
taking care
horses
at
back
in the
with
and,
hind
the
at
the
they
carriage,
from
wheels
time,
same
your
that
sharp,
so
the
the
turn
your
and
rude
All
opposite direction.
or
new
be executed
direction of this kind, should
jerking and
carefulness,and
whipping,
be reached, and
never
sideways, swing
the
move
great calmness
could
the sjDot is still
opposite direction,thereby bringingthe
carriage into
changes of
on
nearly right angles to
to
not
spot; then
the first turn
carefullyand
to stand
come
about
sliort turn
a
169
DRmNG.
then
as
the
by
never
the
purpose
carriagemight
come
be-
damaged.
In winter
better
to
the horses
are
apt
very
to
sharpened,it
are
avoid, if possible,all
horses
the
as
time, if
similar
hurt
is
sharp turns,
themselves
ously.
seri-
TURNING.
In
hands, that
rein, or
must
be
is
is: take
else,the
assisted
given by
as
to
in
driving in
advisable
to
drive
in each
the
left hand
holdiug
To
right hand,
it has
with
hand, the corresponding
by the right.
holding the whip,
horse, so
or,
horses,
young
it is
thoroughfares,
crowded
two
in
breaking
to animate
support the pull
on
both
all turns
and
one
the
reins,
the
pulse
im-
this is also
as
or
the other
reins,and
to
m
HOW
keep
the
up
before
both
into
lines
change
and
over
gatheringthe horses,
prepares
for
second
must
same
give the
to the
gin the turning, and
UK.ie
(^r
le s,
well
strong and
; and
the first and
broken
horses,
a
being sufficient,the
not
spoiled horses,
hint
for the turn
rein with
rein
be increased, with
sluggishor
First
b
With
the
upon
them
by-
fingers,gives the impulse
third
turning. Fig. 28.
light pressure
or
and
of the left,and,
28.
then, taking hold of the inner
or
holding
is
of direction, will grasp
in front
Fig.
second,
left hand
position,the right hand,
described
beginning any
HORSE.
A
the
While
pace.
reins in the
the
JUDGE
TO
trained,
sufficiently
until
inside
finish the
it takes
horse, which
same
effect.
has
to
by alternate,
repeated pulls,at the
same
time, shiftingtlie left
bj
the
hand
outside
the
on
finished, to bring both
the
direction.
new
that broken
horses
into
short
too
first to drive
and
horse
first
having
his
the
the
watch
to
are
omitting to give the
to
up
lines and
short, with
will execute
TO
Put
the
by
hand,
close
the rein, and
slipforward
alone
should
in
driver
the
forward), be
the
on
of
case
by
brought
inside.
In
experienced coachman
TO
over
THE
the
it down
again through
LEFT.
left,take hold
of the
lift the
of
the
upon
after the turn
make
by
horse,
sufficient rein
horse
little
reins,
outside
travel,must
to
pull it backward,
and
the
turn.
TUEN
righthand
left rein and
left
The
whip, an
correct
a
and
of the inside
traces
bit, by touching him
the
fact,
quick
into
easy
wagon.
a
bit, and
whip has, therefore,
the
outside
left hand
shiftingthe
too
go
is
turn
well-known
(oftentimes caused
back
hanging
the
to
a
to
horse
longest distance
the
is
the
;
it, that
the
stronger effect
a
up
inclined
i aside
over
brmg
It
turns
assisted
horse, after the
horses
to
as
so
horse; both horses
is for instance,
There
whip.
necessary
into
slightlyforward,
rein to the other
givemore
Hi
DEIYING.
ABOUT
the
all turns,
is made,
hand.
so
as
thumb
loop
formed
let the
The
to
the
loop
left hand
leave
the
172
HOW
right hand
the
as
free for the
horse
near
turn
bj
the
with
the
whip,
pull the
so
the
turn
by
an
is
consequence
into
animation
of
the
off
that
the
latter
rules
to
throws
fall out
to
The
turning
off horse.
pole against the
pulling.
for
is to
impulse
horse
body, thereby preventing
In
turn
left rein,
the
and
generallythe
for the
the
the
shoulder
are
soon
direction.
new
generallygive
horse, compelling the
near
the
into
against the pole, and
himself
impulse
left,by pulling the
the
to
the
As
bring the carriage,that
drivers
closely followed
The
to
whip.
be animated
the traces
by
same
of the
use
must
as
HORSE.
A
received
has
line,it
Inexperienced
for
JUDGE
TO
from
him
horse
driving one
with
pair
a
or
same.
rightsplace
the
the
right
hand
full
the rein.
upon
DRIVING
FOUR-IN-HAND.
first requirement is
The
the
to handle
are
left hand,
wheelers
first and
exact
calmly
to
knowledge
of how
and
late
regu-
guard
of the horses.
the paces
There
lines, and
an
several
the
ivays
firstbeing:
into your
second
of holdingthe
reins in
Take
lines of the
right hand,
up
the
the left line between
fingers,the right,between
and
third
fingers,and
the
lines
of your
equal
leaders
the
them
into your
out.
second
Then
left hand,
take
and
equal
them
right hand,
leader
fingersand
the
and
top of
and
the box
when
your
your
The
the
right hand,
should
be
so
the
second
first and
of your
all four
order
same
and
finger,and
wheeler.
29
as
right hand, equalize them,
right hand,
first
your
nearside
the
the rein of the near-side
seated, transfer
left hand, in
of
the assistance
with
into
over
leader, between
Fig.
Mount
them
line
thumb
off-side
on
shift
that
so
between
rests
line of the
; then
out
173
DRIVING.
ABOUT
you
are
as
to
placed a
reins
you
take
ready
be
to
ready
left hand,
held
the
to
over
the
them
whip
in
into
start.
for
little forward
any
gency,
emer-
of the
left
174
HOW
TO
JUDGE
HOESE.
A
there
hand, leaning againstthe lines,and actingfrom
all four
on
lines.
the
Close
left hand
lengthening
the
The
ends
the
lines,grasp
left,with
left hand
a
whip
the
become
the
too
hand
the
from
slipping the
lines
ward
down-
mind, that
in
be
pulled
which
those
allowed
be
drivinga
down
long,must
while
backward,
short, must
hanging
Keep
too
in
shorten
to
either
left hand.
the
one
team
in
as
pullingthe
or
and
you,
held
of the reins
right hand,
lines which
through
be
necessary
little forward,
through
those
should
any-
cause
lines, be-
the
the whole
throw
may
it become
pair. Should
of
before
horses
line
wron^
confusion.
the
four
prevent
to
as
entanglement
or
have
you
pull on
out
fully,so
come
be-
slip through
to
forward.
If, during driving,
you
shorten
fingersof
two
front
To
that
the
of the left hand, and
start
with
correctly
all four
leaders
forward
should
start
rushing forward
prevented,to
a
their
lengthen out, or
the
or
to
with
same
lengthening out
shorteningbehind
in
the
backward.
four
horses, it is essential,
straightin
must
running
by kicking and
the lines,and
the wheelers.
before
of the wheelers
avoid
possiblyfollowed
; for
for
stand
moment
to
line,grasp
righthand
the
pull them
same,
other
the
or
one
have
into
be
the
A
carefully
leaders,
entanglement in
176
HOW
mistake
that
JUDGE
TO
generallymade
by doing
become
leaders
The
for
only gradually into
the
new
enable
and
the
the wheelers
tracks.
For
time, and
this
should
must
ceive
only re-
of direction, and
step
line of travel,so
coach
all turns
gradually,especiallyin
to
as
follow in their
to
begin
reason,
gular
an-
an
direction
leaders
change
a
into
coming
wheelers, the
one.
slighthint
a
considering
"
the
broken
a
by beginners
so, the
position to
HORSE.
A
in
good
streets,
narrow
etc.
Turning
line with
right. Take
to the
the hint to turn
righthand
causing
gradually,at
the
grasps
him
in the tracks
to the
right;
the
by
turn
forward,
hand
vehicle, must
Move
whip.
As
soon
direction,the pull on
and
only
in the
as
the
new
lines ceases,
the horses
line
and
in
a
of
the
to follow
right fore
After
the
right
in the
are
equalled out
direction.
straight
new
cease,
all four horses
the
it
slightly
line must
on
over
into the
merely by hint, must
travel,the pull
latter
are
to
as
part
left hand
the leaders
direction.
new
left,so
animated
your
the wheelers, but,
led into the
the
wheeler,
justswinging
be
the left leader
to enable
leader.
the nearside
of the leaders
the
moment,
same
right hand wheeler, whose
the
the
bring
line of
offside leader
give the
the
right fore
of the
step diagonallyto
to
follow
is to
and
right hand,
your
hold
be
are
different
to
Turning
to
keep
the
left is
and
accomplished in
short turns
in mind
bearing
the tracks
the
at
that
time
it,
to
see
and
horses,
The
the
the
the
left leader
and
in
horse
is called
all friskiness
the
and
coach, but
the
leaders
hanging back,
as
hand,
-
always
the
heavier
in
temper.
together,it is
pairs,so
wheelers
paces.
alone, have
should
be
them, and
to hold
taken
hurrying forward,
the
case,
visable
ad-
take
to
as
in the
in the latter
and
four-in-hand.
unevenness
from
jerked
directions.
in
horses
care
in
Yery properly this
first in
leadbars, might touch
too
be
never
special advantage
of the
them
the
to follow
are
box.
four
the
goingdoiun Mil, the
back
-
always
horse
active, intelligent
an
is of
the leader
to exercise
In
be
This
putting
four
circular
way,
time, quieter
same
driving from
Before
same
intended
a
; the
way
have
wheelers
should
well -broken.
value
out
iuto
that
at
in the
the wheelers
putting together
In
contrary
leaders, and should
of the
same
the
executed
are
177
DRIVING.
ABOUT
to
vent
pre-
from
or
the
pole,or
the traces
become
loose.
In
going up
hill,let the leaders
do
their
share
in
pulling.
The
handling
and
of its
account
way,
needs
and
of
four
a
much
in
-
hand
is very
practising. The
length,is
after each
-
sometimes
use,
the lash
very
cult,
diffi-
whip,
much
should
be
on
in the
caught
178
the
by
up
by
To
HOW
spot,
The
hand.
the latter
; the
HOESE.
to be
are
leaders
by
properly,that is,to
the
even
or
A
wheelers
gathered whip
the
do
JUDGE
TO
animated
desired
hit the
respective horse,
lash.
the
is not
an
easy
matter.
'fy''
Fig
Another
hand, is
to arrange
way
as
(a.)
follows
The
(6.)
The
(c.)
The
The
four lines in
the
second
third
left leader
left wheeler
left
between
thumb
between
first
fingers."
rightleader
fingers.
fine of the right wheeler
and
the
finger.
line of the
and
(d)
first
line of
and
the
:
line of the
and
30.
little or
fourth
between
between
fingers.
second
third
ABOUT
lu
this way
upper
ones,
and
two
lower
horses, the
For
line
a
reins
reins
the
emergency
easilytransferred
horses
advantage,
of
the
leader
driving
be
to
disturb
the
Horses
used
a
horse
to go
as
in
leader
be
latter
are
traces
straps,
the
little
a
either
of
the
does
horses, the
shy, so
not
for this
to
not
as
by starting sideways.
best
the
single are
lines
holding the
The
shaft
should
unchecked.
hitching, let
longer,as
fastened
shaft
attached
short, and
go
Select
more,
for the
the
are
pose.
pur-
same
drivingfour-in-hand.
Concerning
horse.
are
if not
excitable
never
direction
Manipulations and
of
case
right hand.
four-in-hand.
that
driving
in
as
ing
arrang-
DRIVING.
safe, livelybut
purpose,
(off)
rightside horses
to the
over
of
this way
driving requires as much,
dexterityas
being the
right side
of
TANDEM
Tandem
gers
fin-
two
ones.
be
may
each
(near)horses
the lines of the
breaking-inyoung
the
between
lines of the left side
; the
two
is
there
170
DRIVING.
the
horse
to
the
be
up.
by
the
hitched
The
to
up
of
the
These
shafts,or
held
collar
should
checked
of
traces
in four-in-hand.
horse, and
to
be
the
the
two
shaffc
firm and
leader
may
180
HOW
for
Rules
etc.,
driver
same
take
must
straight
the
driving,
the
are
TO
line,
and
A
JUDGE
for
especially
as
for
are
both
well
up
traces.
THE
turning,
four-in-liand
that
care
HORSE.
END.
stopping,
The
driving.
horses
to
the
travel
bit,
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It contains
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textEnglish
translating
has laid British
and
American
Bovine
Obstetrics, Dr. Wyman
and
students
under
debt
of gratitude.
The
a
veterinary
surgeons
medium
between
the
which
the happy
booklets
are
work
represents
the ponderous
for
cramming
by the student, and
adapted
purposes
useful
suited
to the
not
although
teacher, are
which,
exactly
tomes
of the
It contains
practitioner
everyday
to the requirements
illusti-ations
Both
translator
and
excellent
blisher
puseventy-seven
in a way
that
deserves
done
their
work
have
praise, and
we
students
and
to veterinary
recommend
the work
tioners."
practistrongly
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Journal
and
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Pathology
TJierapeutics.
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.
.
.
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.
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written
the
This
by Europe's
leading
authority on
grand
volume,
and
the art for a lifetime, is the most
recent
has practiced
subject, who
bovine
work.
It discusses
obstetrics, both
up-to-date ob-^tetrical
tically
praccontains
difterential
and
scientifically, and
thorough
diagnoses
It deals
the
diseases.
of ante
and
now
fully with
post mortem
no
diseases
of calves, and
and
infectious
is the
contagious
longer obscure
in which
the practical part
is not
overshadowed
of the kind
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1903.
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Aug.,
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new
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surgeons.
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student
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medicine,
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could
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3 75
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an"l
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the
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and
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late
Veterinary Surgeons.
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College
Dietetics
and
College,
V.S.,
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their
to
volume
been
The
has
carefully revised, adapted
new
to
the official British
1898, and
brought
Pharmacopceia,
up
ary
F.R.C.V.S.,
date
Royal VeterinMacqueen,
by Prot. James
and
Clinical
experiments
therapeutic
College, London.
the
the
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25
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"Operative Veterinary Surgery."
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Prevention
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By Geo.
and
cloth, gilt
"Veterinary
FLEMING,
"
Horses.
in
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the
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and
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health
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Animals."
Fleming.
8vo, cloth, illustrated
6
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"
Animal
and
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"
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Animals.
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1 50
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full information
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treatment
plates
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Animals."
human
internal
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cloth
Horses."
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By
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873 pages, 365
illustraUons,cloth.7 60
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Veterinary
of William tt.Jenkins
iO
QUESSWELL,
James
By Albert,
Manual
B.
James
By
and
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Horse."
Gresswell.
George
1 76
Tlieory and Practice
"Tlie
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and
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"
Diseases
'*
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Equine Medicine,"
F.R.C.V.S.,
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Gresswell,
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"
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the
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can
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building
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science.
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surgeon's
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physician's art,
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processes
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in
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Histology."
of
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of
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foundation
Only by knowing
knowledge
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Histology
the
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the
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and
8vo, cloth
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75
Gresswell.
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By
James
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.
and
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use
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"
descriptions
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Pharmacopeia,
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Therapeutics
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.
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Gresswell,
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.1
.
use
By
Prescriber."
Practitioners
and
the
M.R.C.V.S
Gresswell,
cloth
16mo,
Students.
Veterinary
Equine Hospital
B.
For
Prescriber."
Bovine
75
Tlierapeutics." By
F.R.C.V.S.
Gresswell,
B.
and
"
and
Pliarmacologry
Veterinary
James
"
2
know
present
this
form
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.
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VeterinaryCatalogueof William
12
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"
See
"Practical
{") ROBERT,
cloth, with
Medical
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Friedburg,
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"lltiology
Translated
Banham.''
*'
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for
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Rudolph
at Goerbersderf
of
the
Authorized
and
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edited
Edition.
8vo, cloth
8vo,
By
Dr.
and
Robert,
Sanitarium
Pharmacological
Tuberculosis."
Saure.
Physicians
Brehmer's
Translated
Russia.
7 50
Toxicology
Diseases
late Director
also
of
Director
Pulmonary
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Professor
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of
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Vetei'inary Review.
and
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veterinarian
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important
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and
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of
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Veterinary Adyiser."
and
Prevention
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European
Sessions, F.R.C.V.S."
"A
OLIAUTABD,
of the Domestic
J.
Almy.
Parti,
Guide
on
Animals."
Translated
Practical
A
Guide
Inspector. By T.M,
of
Secretary
the
1896-98;
Capitals,"
Royal
autlior
and
"
Harold
Surgical Therapeutics
By
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bj' Prof.
Dr.
P. J
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Cadiot
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Surgery
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hand-book
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Veterinary Catalogue of
14
"Median
LIAUTARD,
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Llie Alfort
in
relating
School.
and
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to
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Translated
it, by Prof.
to
of the Fetlock."
of Clinic
Repetitor
of
Treatment
the
Periostosis
and
Veterinary
facts
R. Jenkins
Neurotomy
C. Pellerin, late
By
William
tional
addi-
with
M.D.,
Liautard,
V.M.
rendered
Having
himself,
the
in
consists
excising
of
the
study
the
exact
M.D.,
doomed
benefited.
parts. The
two
of the
first
itself ; the
facts
du
second,
observed
as
by
and
of
College
France,
Honorary
Veterinary Surgeons
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"Animal
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Illustrated
with
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the
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52
and
concise
and
Animals.
fine
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language.
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a
Treatise
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2 00
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work
The
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veterinary
subject in English
cuUurisU July 19th, 1903.
.
Exercises
.
of the
cloth
12mo,
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Juris-
College;
Veterinary
de
A.
By
illustrations
600
.
in
Translated
the
Professor
Medicine
Sanitary
Agricole
Royal
and
Principal
American
Merite
(London), etc.,
"
covers
1 00
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and
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Surgery,
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means
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"
the
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in
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,
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by
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peripherical end,
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of
8vo.
of
"Manual
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relations
author.
"
the
is divided
work
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performed
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apparently
particular
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the
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By
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Prof.
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8vo, cloth, illustrated
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*'
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the
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"
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William
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relating
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Racehorses
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illustrations
Its
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Liautard,
Veterinary College,
the Horse's
on
A.
By
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London
Law
By
illustrated.
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and
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Staff
Animal."
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and
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the
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as
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1 25
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Illus.,Crown,
8vo.
to
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.1 40
Veterinary
16
MAGNER.
"
Catalogue
Facts
Upwards
of
8vo,
MAYHEW,
and
accurate
which
to
the
pages,
illustrated
detailed
Equine
Race
is
all the
Outlines
By
of
Cattle Breeders."
M'Fadyean,
M.B.,
Royal Veterinary
offers
Cloth
Horse."
Second
A
Dissection
Guide.
B.Sc,
College, London.
book
to
is intended
its
in
them
for Veterinary
full-page colored
48
excellent
and
students, and
text,
the
Comparative Anatomy
J.
issued
of
M'Fadyean.
in
the
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I-Osteology, ready.
plates
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most
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in the dissecting room.
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and
"
Horse."
the
cloth
This
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E.
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to
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54
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ings.
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leather
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William
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feed, educate
house,
in
Dog
a
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Mills,
manage,
MOLLEB,
Keep
to
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the
how
H.
from
John
MoUer's
Prof.
work
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Surgery,
sor
Profes-
By
Translated
edited
and
improved, by
and
the
presents
and
is the standard
and
and
recent
most
Principles
of the
exposition
complete
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him
keep
to
Paper
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choose,
to
Snrgery."
Berlin.
Moller,
2nd
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pup,
17
City.'^ By
how
"Operative Veterinary
Dr.
the
It tells
cleanliness.
him
York.
of
Practice
text-hook
the
on
subjectthroughout Germany.
subjects ignored
Many
Veterinary
while
the
known
better
on
consideration,
full
presented
are
treatises
previous
receive
here
Surgery
in
under
and
new
suggestive aspects.
As
Moller's
Prof.
Veterinary
and
and
Comparative
722
''
On
and
lated
142
pages,
Veterinary
State
Professors
Science,
by
American
Students
inary
of Veter-
K.
College
University. 12mo,
and
Belgium.
Dinwiddle,
of
25
50
logy."
Microbio-
Veterinary
Mosselman
K.
5
i2rao, cloth
College, Cureghem,
edited
to
best
lation
trans-
illustrations
''
Veterinary
and
to
Horse-brekking."
By
the
Surgery.
MOSSELMAN-LIEXAUX.
Nat.
service
signal
of
of
those
countries, the
various
Veterinarians
vol., Bvo.
MOBETON,
of
fail to be
British
but
his
only
not
represents
practice,
Surgeons
cannot
1
and
opinions
own
work
Lienaux,
Trans
Professor
of
Agriculture,Arkansas
cloth, 342
pages
2 00
NO
CARD,
Tuberculosis."
to Human
M.D.
Ed., Ph.
of the
demonstration
to
tuberculosis, and
parents
the
disease,
dwindle
of
tuberculosis
infection
by
cohabitation
from
of the
C. Pellerin, late
the
Alfort
V.M.
PETERS.
A
Inspector
during
also
Horses,"
"
to
of
cau"e
it,would
cloth
the
1 75
Treatment
and
Surgery
with
tional
Addi-
A. Liautard,
M.D.,
Translated,
100
Herd"
for the
winter
8vo, cloth
and
to
Liautard."
Peters,
"Breeding
REYNOLD,
a
illustrated
Austin
the
as
human
of the Fetlock."
Clinic
It, by Prof.
to
Tuberculous
of Cattle
of
School.
Relating
By
in
Periostosis
repetitor
8vo, boards,
"
Health
and
Veterinary
See
12mo,
Neurotomy
By
Facts
heredity
predisposition
of the Goat/'
Tendinitis
of Chronic
of
for
insignificance.
"Median
PELJLEBIN.
able
unreason-
children
into
Book
not
gation
propa-
that, if the
even
away
"The
PEGLEB.
or
the
case
ingestion, the importance
the
the
is the
protected
were
in
heredity,
by
seems
.
human
lies
in
00
.1
.
same
that
suppose
Scurfield,
of
book
It
of the
pages.
part played
tuberculosis.
of bovine
or
143
great part played by contagion
the
H.
doctors
to
Nocard's
small
Prof,
by
cloth,
interest
Professor
in
medicine
chief
Nocard,
Translated
]2mo,
Camb.
the
Perhaps
Ed.
By
Veterinary College.
Alfort
and
Tuberculoses, and their Relation
Animal
The
"'
Jenkins
R.
Veterinary Catalogue of William
18
New
culin."
Tuber-
Test
Tfith
R.
C. V. S.,
M.
York
of 1892-93.
Management
State
Board
Pamphlet.
of
Chief
of
25
...
Draught
1
40
of William R.
VeterinaryCatalogiie
SiO
"Large
SUSSDORF.
Prof.
M.D.
Sussdorf,
W.
Prof.
by
Colored
Owen
Wall
of
Williams,
Size,
4."
Ox.
2."
Mare.
5."
Boar
6."
Dog
3.-C0W.
of
the
the
of
position
by
and
Veterinary
30
inches.
Sow.
Bitch.
and
viscera
the
in
mounted
Science."
stock
1
By
Henry
the
at
**
Yeterinary
on
farmers
and
M.R.C.V.S.,
Thompson,
Science
Veterinary
75 each
3 50
agricultural students,
For
on
roller
Lectures
Elementary
keepers.
lecturer
linen, with
on
**
{*)THOMPSON,
large
body.
Price, unmounted
'"
By
translated
New
inches
44
Horse.
cavities
Text
the
1."
the
Diagrams."
(of Gottingen).
College, Edinburgh.
Showing
Jenkins
Aspatria Agricultural
College, England.
397
8vo, cloth,
pages,
It is complete
for
book
VAN
"A
Professor
to
Ear
and
and
Dispensary
the
Twenty-sixth
;
by
in the
to
American
St. Martha's
Consulting Eye
Eastern
chromo
M.D.,
Mater,
Aurist
Ward
one
thalmolo
Oph-
Dispensary
District
Ear
and
;
.
book."
lithograph plate
engravings.
3
intend
.
i;. J.
Veterinary
Eye
sary,
Dispen-
cloth
We
.
and
and
seventy-one
8vo
Ophthalmology
; Oculist
Illustrated
Van
G.
Surgeon, Brooklyn
etc.
up-to-date
the
Veterinary
of
George
of
Veterinary College
Sanitarium
Book
Text
By
Surgeon
just
75
beginner.
a
MATER.
D.V.S.,
and
concise
yet
3
51 illustrations
to
adopt
Creelij, D.V.S.,
CoUege.
May
this
valuable
Dean
16th, 19Ct".
of
the
work
San
as
a
GO
text
Francisco
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"The
1.
of the
1. External
22
x
and
Horse."
Eight
colored
6.
; 2. Skeleton
;
(Deep Layer)
Digestive Apparatus
; 8. Nerve
Apparatus
; with
.
tomy
Ana-
Elementary
illustrations
3. Muscles
; 5.
"
(Superior
Respiratory Apparatus;
7.
;
75
4
.
Form
regions
Form.
of five.
set
per
External
; 4. Muscles
Layer)
Price
21
Tabular
in
inches.
York
Circulatory Apparatus
tion
letter-pressdescrip25
1
No.
"The
2.
figures illustratingthe
the
full
No.
the
of
Age
Animals."
of Domestic
Age
of
structure
Ox, Sheep, and
Horse,
"
full
1.
of
the
Mule
Horse,
"The
Ox."
the
Ten
Nervous
2.
Skeleton;
8.
of
a
75
illustrations
colored
System;
3.
Digestive
; 5. Points
(Left Side) ; 9. Butcher's
Sections
Calf ; 10.
Butcher's
Sections
of
an
Ox
System
; with
"Four
Foot
and
Tubercle.)
of Live
.
Scourges."
Boyine
Disease,
Mouth
With
Animals
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and
Illustrated, 4to, cloth
Appendix
;
full
1
description
WALLET,
cher's
But-
(Right Side); 4. Respiratory System
Fat Ox ; 6. Muscular
System ; 7. Vascular
Digestive System
a
logy
Physio-
Anatomy, Points, and
Elementary
of
;
Ox."
and
and
System
of
Foot
75
Shoeing
Joints
"
Signs
or
of the
; 5. Defects
Fifty figures descriptive of the Anatomy
and of Horse-shoeing
of the Foot
5.
mation
Confor-
description
"The
4.
of
Defects
; 3. Infirmities
of Position
; 4. Unsoundnesses
of Disease
of the Horse."
Defects
and
Unsoundness
The
; 2. Defects
No.
with
Dog,
75
Fifty figures illustrating" 1. The
No.
ing
the teeth, indicat-
description
3.
with
Forty-two
.
25
(Pleuro-Pneumonia,
Cattle
on
Plague
the
and
Inspection
Meat.
6 40
22
William
VeterinaryCatalogueof
(*)WALLET,
Practical
"A
Thomas
the
Walley,
Jenkins
to Meat
M.R.C.V.S.,
Inspection." By
formerly
principal of
Edinburgh
fessor
Royal (Dick) Veterinary College ; Proand
Veterinary Medicine
Surgery, etc.
of
Edition,
Fourth
Stewart
by
Dick
thoroughly
Lecturer
Hygiene
on
45 colored
experience of
and
a
with
Edinburgh
long
gather
which
and
enlarged
Professor
Meat
and
of
Inspection
Veterinary College, Edinburgh.
12mo, cloth, with
An
revised
M.E.C.V.S.,
Stockman,
Pathology,
at
Guide
R.
he
has
embodied
regarded
are
profession
the
on
in his book.
Dr.
00
3
sixteen
enabled
information
years)
author
the
to
subject,
Walley's opinions
highest authority
the
as
(some
have
of
store
his
in
years
connection
Abattoirs
large
a
30
over
oflBcial
illus.,295 pages
Meat
on
Inspection.
This
fourth
edition, and
the
to
Walley's Meat
valuable
most
language,
WILLIAMS,
hardly
many
a
found
be
subject in the
illustrations, many
old
of
the
English
which
are
complete index.
and
Practice
edition,
Veterinary
entirely revised
plain and
numerous
of
colored
and
plates.
6
cloth
00
,
Principles
and
Author's
with
the
on
will
the
as
Williams, M.R.C.V.S.
By W.
8vo.
with
recognized
It
indebted
tJiis up-to-
information,
be
enlarged
is indeed
Inspection."
Author's
illustrated
"
useful
"Principles
Medicine."
"
Stockman
work
has
colored, and
Dr.
much
will
and
entirely re-written
an
while
for
work
date
"
old
is
Practice
8vo, eloth
Veterinary
edition, entirely revised
numerous
Williams,
of
plain
and
colored
and
Surgery,"
illustrated
plates.
By
W.
M.R.C.V.S.
6 00
851-853
Materia
^'Veterinary
O W,
(*)WINSL
tics."
Winslow,
Kenelm
By
the
Newton
8vo, cloth, 750
have
American
an
and
.
date
to
up
subject
same
I
with
is
indispensable
having
number
a
be
will
It
College.
"
.
.
L.
The
book
bound
to
the
in the
of
hands
Medica,
merit
the
on
full
and
be
will
of
their
Veterinary
College.
tion
informa-
of valuable
and
well
as
it
necessity
Chicago
the
interesting,
Professor
M.D.,
San
and
of the
as^practitioner
Miller,
Chemistry,
and
Therapeutics
complete
subject.
explicit, rich
r^Mrsto?i
"
to
D.V.S.,
work
it and
the
Veterinary
student
every
00
are
St., M.D.,
other
without
with
the
on
Chicago
very
we
correct,
any
booklin
text
Medicine.
Veterinary
Materia
end,
that
Wattles,
City, Mo.
away
books'
Qidtman,
know
J". H.
complete
is
the
as
to
; Surgeon
{profession.
it does
as
to
supersede
is of admirable
beginning
be
of
E.
University;
Society
It is remarkably
it.
collateral
adopted
Dr.
.
from
should
of
Harvard
pleased
am
before
students,
tor
Therapeutics
6
Medica."
practitioner's library
No
art
and
of
M.D.,
Revised.
College, Kansas
heretofore
M.D.V.,
pages
Materia
delighted
Am
.
.
B.A.S.,
Tlierapen-
etc.
Edition
and
Veterinary
Western
The
received
letter
and
Medical
Hospital,
Second
Your
IN
Medica
of
of the Massachusetts
the
to
School
Veterinary
Fellow
AND
SUBJECT
Professor
Assistant
(Harv.) ; formerly
in
THE
23
"
LANGUAGE
ENGLISH
THE
ON
BOOK
SCIENTIFIC
York
PROGRESSIVE
COMPLETE,
MOST
THE
{cor.4.8th St.),New
Avenue
Sixth
of
nary
Veteri-
Francisco
College.
I
...
book
to be
College
I
have
used
found^
in connection
of Pharmacy,
consider
suitable
to
distribution
Students."
it the
the
tlie
among
with
Ohio
State
only
work
American
cro7i7i J.
book
very
lectures.
on
veterinary
V.M.D.,
\
."Dr.
as
reference
a
W.A.
Landacre,
University.
veterinarians.
Repp,
satisfactory
materia
practitioner.
Ij
Iowa
medica
have
State
and
therapeutics
It deserves
recommended
College, Ames,
a
it
Iowa.
to
wide
my
24
VeterinaryCatalogue of
"The
i**)WYMAN,
in the
Clinical
of
"Bovine
V.S.,
Carolina
South
College,
M.
"
A.
77
also
See
"
8vo, boards,
little treatise
A.
Translated
by
School
M.D.V.,
Wyman,
of
Veterinary
and
Veterinarian
Science,
to
De
''
Bruin."
the
for
Wyman,
A.
Relief
of
M.D.V.,
Spavin
V.S.
"
Foot
Dr.
of Alsace
Veterinarian
Liautard,
A.
Diseases."
Its
and
V.S.
Fever;
Horse."
the
12mo,
By
Contagious
or
or
will
Books
be
Prof.
W.
L. Zuill, M.D.,D.V.S.
25
(ire
sent
and
853
for
Sixth
booksellers,
sale
by
all
for
the
i)vices here
prepaid
WILLIAn
851
cloth
Influenza
Pamphlet
Our
By
Lorraine.
2 00
"Typhoid
in
the
5 00
illustrated
ZUILL,
in
tliis operation should
to perform
procure
The
find it of considerable
help.
he will
Sept., 1903.
Principal
Zundel,
A.
Instructor
50
Horse's
"The
ZUNDEL,
;
Journal,
Veterinary
.2 50
...
pages
wanting
Anyone
this
30
E.
W.
By
Lameness."
Carolina
illustrations
Neurectomy
Tibio-peroneal
E.
M.
Station.
Experiment
8vo, cloth, 382 pages,
Bruin,
Veterinary
W.
by
Professor
formerly
Clemson
(*)"
State
"
A.
South
De
G.
M.
the
Translated
Utrecht.
V.S., formerly
Clemson
the
to
Lameness
of
Wyman,
Science,
By
Obstetrics."
at
Jenkins.
8vo, cloth, illustrated.
Station.
Obstetrics
of
A.
Veterinarian
Experiment
(*)"
E.
Veterinary
and
College,
R.
Diagnosis
F-y W.
Horse."
Professor
William
R.
Avenue,
quoted^
JENKINS,
NEW
YORK