AN1581 Application Note How to Port a Monitor/LCD Application

AN1581
Application Note
®
How to Port a Monitor/LCD Application
from an ST727x4 to an ST7FLCD1 Device
By DTV - Monitor MCU Applications Lab
Introduction
This application note provides all the technical details, regarding both hardware and software sides,
to port an existing monitor application, running on ST727x4 Monitor MCU family, to the ST7FLCD1
Monitor MCU. It is meant to make the porting job simpler and faster.
This application note will describe all the differences between the ST72T774 60K OTP MCU (the
most commonly used MCU for early development) and the ST7FLCD1 MCU. As such, only the
relevant parts will be quoted from each respective MCU datasheet.
Note:
This application note does not replace the full MCU specification document which is still needed as
a reference. Differences exist among the ST727x4 family, so please refer to the corresponding
datasheet for any other MCU of the ST727x4 family.
1
Overall Differences
The main differences regarding the features of each MCU are detailed below:
Feature
ST72T774
ST7FLCD1
RAM
1 Kbyte (928 bytes exactly)
Full 2 Kbytes (2,048 bytes)
Dedicated EDID DMA Area
for DDC2B
No (anywhere in Memory Map)
2 x 256 Bytes in RAM
Stack
Program Memory
256 Bytes maximum
Watchdog
60 Kbytes, FLASH Type
60 Kbytes, OTP Type
Internal Frequency
Low Power Modes
Can be re-used as usual if either DDC2B
cell is disabled
3 sectors: 4 Kbytes / 4 Kbytes / 52 Kbytes
8MHz typical, 9MHz maximum
WAIT
WAIT
No HALT (generates a reset if fetched)
HALT (if watchdog disabled)
Software programmable
Software programmable
Lock-up Protection
Illegal OpCode (triggers reset)
Illegal OpCode (triggers reset)
Illegal Address (triggers reset)
Free R/W Access anywhere
Operating Supply
4.0 V to 5.5 V
4.5 V to 5.5 V
Package
CSDIP42, PSDIP42 or TQFP44
SO28
Additional Protections
18 September 2002
Revision 1.1
STMicroelectronics Confidential
This is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to change without notice.
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Overall Differences
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Cell
ST72T774
ST7FLCD1
Sync Processor
Yes
No
USB
Yes
No
TMU
Yes
No
I2C Single Master
Yes
Yes
Normal/Fast Modes
Speed up to 400 kHz (Standard/Fast)
Speed up to 400 kHz (Standard/Fast) and
up to 800 kHz at user’s risk
DDC1 / DDC2B / P&D / FPDI-2 with End of
Download Flag
DDC
2 x DDC2B with End of Download and End
of Communication Flags
DDC with fixed E-DDC address and 1
programmable address decoding
2 x DDC with fixed DDC/CI address and 2
programmable addresses decoding for each
cell
External Interrupts
2 (falling edge)
2 (edge programmable)
Timer
1 with 2x Input Capture, 2x Output Compare
and PWM capabilities
ADC
1 with Programmable Prescaler, Autoreload
and Buzzer Output
1 with Programmable Prescaler, Autoreload
and External Trigger
8-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with 4 analog inputs
8 x 10-bit PWM/BRM
PWM
InfraRed
Fixed frequency for all outputs
6 x 8-bit PWM divided in 4 + 2 outputs with
programmable frequency per bank
No
Yes
Low Voltage Detector
(LVD)
Yes
In Circuit Debugging (ICD)
No
Yes (ICC)
In Circuit Programming
(ICP)
Yes (JTAG)
Yes (ICC)
Program only (no erase)
All sectors programmable/erasable
In Application
Programming (IAP)
No
Protection Against
Program Read-Out
No
I/O Pins
Number of I/O Pins
Open Drain
Push Pull
2/16
Yes
4 Kbytes Upper Sector protected
Yes
ST72T774
ST7FLCD1
31
22
4 x High Current Drive 10 mA
8 + 2 (ICC)
4 x Current Drive 3 mA
Current Drive 4mA
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+ 2 High Current Drive 8 mA
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2
Memory Map
Memory Map
The memory map of both devices follow a similar organization. Only RAM and Program Size may
differ:
Figure 1: Memory Map
ST72T774
ST7FLCD1
0000h
Hardware Registers
0100h
01FFh
0200h
03FFh
0400h
Short Addressing
RAM (zero page)
Stack
16-bit Addressing
RAM
1 Kbyte RAM
005Fh
0060h
Hardware Registers
003Fh
0040h
Short Addressing
RAM (zero page)
0100h
Stack
01FFh
0200h
0600h
EDIDA
16-bit Addressing
RAM
2 Kbytes RAM
0000h
EDIDB
083Fh
0840h
0FFFh
1000h
0FFFh
1000h
60 Kbytes OTP
SECTOR 1
4 Kbytes
SECTOR 0
FFDFh
FFE0h
4 Kbytes
FFDFh
FFE0h
Interrupt & Reset Vectors
FFFFh
60 Kbytes FLASH
SECTOR 2
52 Kbytes
Interrupt & Reset Vectors
FFFFh
In the ST7FLCD1 MCU, the larger RAM space available in Page 0 (192 bytes instead of 160) allows
better software optimization and speed, especially in C language.
Both Program Areas start at 1000h and end at FFFFh with the Interrupt & Reset Vectors Area.
Stack top is set at 01FFh on both MCUs and stack pointer goes downwards.
Memory map files are available in C and ASM languages for each MCU.
2.1
ICC and FLASH Programming Requirements
Certain areas of RAM and FLASH memory are used during ICC (ICD/ICP) and during
programming/erasure of the FLASH memory (ICP/IAP).
Refer to the ICC Manual, Flash Memory Manual and MCU Datasheet for further information.
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I/O Pin Descriptions
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I/O Pin Descriptions
Up to 22 I/O pins are available on the ST7FLCD1 MCU.
Depending on the usage of the internal cells (DDC, I2C, PWM, ADC, InfraRed, Timers, Interrupts or
ICC), the number of free I/O pins will decrease accordingly.
ST7FLCD1 Cell
Equivalent on ST72T774
ADC
PB[7:4]
PB[3:0]
I²C
PB[3:2]
PD[1:0]
DDC
PB[1:0]
PD[3:2] DDCA
PD[5:4] DDCB
Timer B
PA6 EXTRIG
InfraRed
PB3 IFR
PWM
PB[7:6] and PC[7:2]
External Interrupts
PD[4:3]
PA[7:6]
PC[1:0]
ICC
Open Drain
PA[5:0]
PA5
Buzzer
3.1
Corresponding ST7FLCD1 I/O
PA[6:3] and PB[3:0]
PC[1:0] and PD[7:0]
ICC Interface
The 2 ICC signals, ICCDATA and ICCCLK, are mapped onto PC[1:0].
They are standard open drain I/O pins, but during ICC communication (ICD and ICP), all write
accesses to the PCDR and PCDDR registers are blocked at core level (however, read accesses
work correctly).
Therefore, their use is restrained to comply with ICC requirements:
●
They should be connected to pull-ups (e.g. 4.7 kΩ = 1 mA maximum) on the application side.
●
If used as inputs by the application, isolation (such as a serial resistor) must be implemented to
avoid any signal conflict with remote ICC tools, otherwise the ICC communication will not work.
●
If used as outputs by the application, no important circuitry should be driven by those 2 pins,
otherwise the application may be damaged during ICC communication.
●
During ICD (In Circuit Debugging), those 2 pins are not driven by the application (due to the
blocked write accesses) and would return ICC levels if read by the application software.
The suggested use for those 2 pins would be LED driving, or any other non critical driving.
Not being able to see the LEDs toggle during ICD, or seeing the LEDs toggle along with ICC
communication during ICD/ICP, will then be of lesser importance.
Refer to the ICC Manual and MCU Datasheet for further information.
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3.2
I/O Pin Descriptions
High-Power Push-Pull Outputs
PA4 and PA5 may be configured as high output I/Os (sink and drain 8 mA instead of 2 mA) by
means of bits 2 and 1 of the MISCR register. This allows high current devices such as LEDs to be
driven directly.
MISCR REGISTER (MISCR)
Read/Write
Reset value:00h
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
PA5OVD
PA4OVD
0
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Watchdog with Lock-Up Protection
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Watchdog with Lock-Up Protection
The ST7FLCD1 watchdog cell has a slightly different prescaler value (50000) than the one inside
the ST727x4 family (49152) but the final delay until the watchdog reset occurs is roughly the same.
However, there is a new feature called Lock-Up Protection which prevents the software from
rewriting the WDGCR Control Register at too close intervals.
When a write to the WDGCR register occurs, an 8-bit counter starts. It disables any further write
access to the WDGCR register until 256 CPU clock cycles have elapsed: any write during this time
will be ignored, the WDGCR register will not be refreshed and the 8-bit counter restarts for another
256 CPU clock cycles delay.
This is a protection against a software which is locked up in a never-ending loop and permanently
rewrites the WDGCR register. Since the main watchdog counter will keep counting down, it will
ultimately lead to a reset that will safely restart the whole application.
Figure 2: Watchdog Lock-Up Protection Counter Example
ST72T774
ST7FLCD1
Watchdog Counter
Software Flow
Watchdog Counter
FFh
WDGCR = FFh
FFh
D0h
!
D0h
FFh
WDGCR = FFh
CFh
FFh
WDGCR = FFh
FFh
CFh
FF..FE..FD....C0..BFh
Software Hang-up
NEVER
RESET
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RESET
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5
I²C Single Master Cell
I²C Single Master Cell
The cell is nearly identical for both MCUs.
5.1
Unique I2CSR Status Register and Acknowledge Failure Bit
The Acknowledge Failure bit has been moved from bit 4 of the former I2CSR2 register to bit 6 of the
unique I2CSR register, and the I2CSR2 register has been removed. This makes the I²C software
more compact since only a single status register is to be read/polled.
I²C STATUS REGISTER (I2CSR)
Read Only
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
5.2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EVF
AF
TRA
0
BTF
0
M/IDL
SB
Speed Control and Ultra High Speed
The I2CCCR Clock Control Register has a new bit 6 named FILTOFF instead of former speed
control bit 6 CC6. If set, this bit turns off certain noise filters inside the I/O pins to achieve speeds
higher than 400 kHz (up to 800 kHz depending on the CPU clock frequency).
But achieving such a speed is a violation of the I²C Fast Specification standard, therefore it is to be
done at the user’s risk and on a short bus length only.
I²C CLOCK CONTROL REGISTER (I2CCCR)
Read / Write
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FM/SM
FILTOFF
CC5
CC4
CC3
CC2
CC1
CC0
The usual clock computation formula remains valid, but on 6 bits CC[5:0] instead of 7.
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Display Data Channel (DDC)
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Display Data Channel (DDC)
The ST7FLCD1 MCU has 2 built-in Display Data Channel (DDC) cells named DDCA and DDCB.
They are completely independent, have their own DDC pins and their own dedicated DMA area in
RAM for DDC2B transfers.
The 2 DDC interfaces can run concurrently and both DMA can work at the same time (but in case of
simultaneous DMA requests, DDCA has priority over DDCB).
Each interface has its own identical set of registers of the same name except trailing letter “A” for
DDCA and “B” for DDCB.
6.1
DDC2B Handling
This DDC2B protocol is automatically handled and no software support is needed apart from the
proper initialization of the DDCDCR control register.
DDC2B CONTROL REGISTER (DDCDCR)
Read / Write
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
ENDCF
ENDCE
EDF
EDE
WP
DDC2BPE
Only DDC2B addresses A0h/A1h are decoded. Former DDC1, P&D and FPDI-2 are no longer
handled. As such, there is no longer a VSYNC input (for DDC1) and former configuration bits CF2
CF1 and CF0 (former bits 6, 3 and 2) have been removed.
A new feature, called End Of Communication, detects NAK and STOP bits during a DDC2B read
transfer. This is to be used in conjunction with E-DDC protocol. The corresponding End Of
Communication Flag (ENDCF) and Interrupt Enable (ENDCE) are mapped onto bits 5 and 4.
End of Download Flag (EDF) and Interrupt Enable (EDE) are now mapped onto bits 3 and 2 instead
of former bits 5 and 4.
Bit 0 is now called “DDC2BPE” instead of “HWPE”.
6.2
DDC Address Decoding
This cell is entirely driven by software. It may now decode up to 3 different sets of addresses instead
of just 2.
DDC CONTROL REGISTER (DDCCR)
Read / Write
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
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7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
PE
DDCCIEN
0
ACK
STOP
ITE
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Display Data Channel (DDC)
The DDC/CI address decoding (6Eh/6Fh) is now decoded by hardware instead of former E-DDC
addresses (60h/61h) of lesser use. The corresponding enable bit 4 is now called “DDCCIEN”
instead of “EDDCEN” and DDCSR2 bit 0 is now called “DDCCIF” instead of “EDDCF”.
DDC STATUS REGISTER 2 (DDCSR2)
Read Only
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
AF
STOPF
0
BERR
DDCCIF
The other bits of the DDCSR1 and DDCSR2 status registers remain unchanged.
The cell has now 2 programmable Own Address Registers 1 and 2 (DDCOAR1, DDCOAR2) instead
of 1. Therefore a maximum of 3 different addresses (DDC/CI + OAR1 + OAR2) may be decoded.
It allows greater flexibility and several DDC standards like E-DDC, HDCP, factory alignment etc..
can now be handled simultaneously.
When any of the 3 addresses is decoded on the DDC bus, the ADSL bit 2 in the DDCSR1 register
is set as usual.
Each DDCA and DDCB cell has its own set of OAR1 and OAR2 addresses which may be
independently set, e.g. for different address decoding over VGA-DDC and DVI-DDC buses.
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External Interrupts
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External Interrupts
The ST7FLCD1 has 2 external interrupts ITA and ITB with separate polarity control and interrupt
vectors. They can also be enabled or disabled independently by means of the ITRFRE register.
EXTERNAL INTERRUPT REGISTER (ITRFRE)
Read/Write
Reset value:00h
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
ITBEDGE
ITBLAT
ITBITE
ITAEDGE
ITALAT
ITAITE
The former MISCR register still exists, but is dedicated to other uses (refer to Section 3: I/O Pin
Descriptions).
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8
Timers
Timers
The former 16-bit Timer has been replaced by 2 distinct Timers named Timer A and Timer B.
They work almost the same way (a downcounter that starts from a preloaded value) but Timer A has
a buzzer output feature while Timer B can be triggered by an external signal.
Each timer has its own identical set of registers of the same name except trailing letter “A” for Timer
A and “B” for Timer B.
8.1
Timer A
TIMER CONTROL STATUS REGISTER A (TIMCSRA)
Read/Write
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TB1
TB0
OVF
OVFE
TAR
BUZ1
BUZ0
BUZE
The timebase unit is configured by means of bits TB1 and TB0 which set the timebase prescaler.
When the downcounter reaches 00, an OverFlow (OVF) bit is set, and an interrupt is generated if
the OverFlow Enable (OVFE) bit is set. The OVF bit is cleared by reading the TIMCSRA register.
An autoreload of the downcounter with the contents of the TIMCPRA Preload Register may occur
when it reaches 00, if the Timer AutoReload (TAR) bit is set.
The buzzer output is mapped onto PA5 and is enabled if the BUZzer Enable (BUZE) bit is set. Its
frequency is configured by means of bits BUZ1 and BUZ0.
8.2
Timer B
TIMER CONTROL STATUS REGISTER A (TIMCSRA)
Read/Write
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TB1
TB0
OVF
OVFE
TAR
EXT
EDG
EEF
Timebase prescaler, overflow and autoreload are managed the same way as Timer A, except that
the timebase clock is faster than TIMER A (to achieve different delays).
The countdown can be started externally by means of the EXTRIG signal on PA6 if EXT=1. The
EDG bit selects the edge on EXTRIG that starts the countdown. Once detected, this edge sets the
EEF flag.
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Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
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Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
The 6 PWM push-pull outputs of the ST7FLCD1 are grouped in 2 banks of 4 and 2 outputs,
respectively.
Each bank has its own identical set of registers of the same name except trailing letter “A” for Bank
A (4 outputs PWM[3:0] mapped onto PA[3:0]) and “B” for Bank B (2 outputs PWM[5:4] mapped onto
PA[5:4]).
Each bank can also work at its own frequency by means of its respective AutoReload Register
(PWMARRA or PWMARRB).
Each PWM output can be enabled or disabled independently (bit OEx) and polarity controlled
independently (bit OPx) by means of the Control Register (PWMCR) of the relevant bank. The
polarity bit is no longer mixed with the PWM register.
CONTROL REGISTER A (PWMCRA)
Read/Write
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OE3
OE2
OE1
OE0
OP3
OP2
OP1
OP0
CONTROL REGISTER B (PWMCRB)
Read/Write
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
OE5
OE4
0
0
OP5
OP4
The duty cycle of each PWM output can be set by means of the six PWMDCR[5:0] registers.
Each output has a resolution of 8 bits (one PWMDCR register per output). BRM bits no longer exist.
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10
Infrared Controller (IFR)
Infrared Controller (IFR)
This cell is identical to the infrared cell of the ST7275-ST7277 Monitor MCU family.
It has a dedicated IFR input mapped onto PB3.
The cell is able to measure the delay (from 80 µs to 20.4 ms at fCPU = 8 MHz) between consecutive
IFR signal edges.
The edges to detect can be programmed as negative and/or positive by means of the NEGED and
POSED bits in the IFRCR Control Register:
INFRARED CONTROL REGISTER (IFRCR)
Read/Write
Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
ITE
FLSEL
POSED
NEGED
-
An additional glitch filter can filter out signals whose positive level is shorter than 2 µs or 160 µs, by
means of the FLSEL bit.
An interrupt may also be generated upon signal detection if the InTerrupt Enable (ITE) bit is set. The
internal interrupt flag must then be cleared by software by writing to the IFRDR Data Register.
If the interrupt is enabled but a signal is not detected, the built-in counter will generate an overflow
interrupt every 20.4 ms (at fCPU = 8 MHz). It can be used as a simple timebase.
Here is an example of the InfraRed detector wired to pin PB3:
Figure 3: Example of External Infrared Circuitry
3 OUT
2
1
VDD
to MCU pin IFR
15K
to +5V
GND
4.7uF
Infrared Detector
TSOP12, TFM1380 etc..
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In-Circuit Communication (ICC) Interface
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In-Circuit Communication (ICC) Interface
Through the ICC connector (HE-10 male connector), external devices can be connected to the
ST7FLCD1 MCU to do all the following actions with the MCU soldered on the application:
●
In-Circuit Debugging (ICD): debug the application; some restrictions apply (only 2 breakpoints,
no trace, 2 I/Os dedicated to ICC..) but works otherwise in a similar fashion and under the
same STVD7 environment
●
In-Circuit Programming (ICP): program the entire FLASH Memory; all sectors can be erased,
read and written without any restriction
Refer to the ICC Manual, Flash Memory Manual and MCU Datasheet for further information.
11.1
Memory Requirements for In-Circuit Debugging (ICD)
If the application is to be debugged using ICD, a specific area of the FLASH is used by the debugger
to upload routines of its own. This area is from FF00h to FFDFh and CANNOT be used by the
application software itself.
It is therefore strongly suggested to make provisions for future debugging needs, and consider this
small area "reserved" at the programming stage.
If ICD is never to be used, this area needs not be reserved and is free to be used for another
use.
Figure 4: ICD Memory Space
F000h
Free Flash Memory
SECTOR 0
4 KBytes
FEFFh
FF00h
Reserved for ICD
FFDFh
FFE0h
FFFFh
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Interrupt & Reset Vectors
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12
In-Application Programming (IAP)
In-Application Programming (IAP)
Programming and erasing the Flash Memory contents with the MCU soldered on the application
and running the application software is also possible. This is called In-Application Programming
(IAP).
To do this, part of the application software must contain routines that will handle programming and
erasure of Sector 1 (4 KBytes wide) and/or Sector 2 (52 KBytes wide) thru access to some specific
registers dedicated to Flash Memory management.
Refer to the Flash Memory Manual and MCU Datasheet for further information.
Figure 5: Memory Map and Sector Address
60 Kbytes
FLASH
MEMORY SIZE
1000h
SECTOR 2
DFFFh
EFFFh
FFFFh
52 Kbytes
4 Kbytes
4 Kbytes
SECTOR 1
SECTOR 0
Such routines could use data fed to the MCU by means of external I/O pins, such as DDC for
example.
Application Notes specifically covering IAP are also available.
12.1
IMPORTANT NOTE: Protected Sector 0
The IAP routines must be located in the upper Sector 0 (4-KByte wide) of the Flash Memory since
this particular sector is protected against programming and erasure while in IAP Mode.
What can be taken as a restriction is actually a protection against software misbehavior during IAP.
Even if Sectors 1 and 2 are corrupted, Sector 0 (which contains the routines themselves and all
interrupt and reset vectors) always remains untouched and the MCU could restart correctly after a
reset. Then IAP could be run again to restore full MCU workability.
If Sector 0 was also corrupted, the MCU could not be reset and the whole application would be
stalled. In that case, the only possible choice would be to reprogram the entire Flash Memory
contents by means of ICP (which means connecting the ST7FLCD1 ICC pins to an HE-10
connector etc..).
12.2
IMPORTANT NOTE: Interrupts & Reset Vectors
Sector 0 cannot be programmed nor erased by means of IAP; this includes the interrupts and reset
vectors area. It is therefore strongly suggested to redirect all the above vectors to fixed vectors
locations either in Sector 1 or in Sector 2: should the interrupts or reset location change, the
vectors can be updated accordingly.
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In-Application Programming (IAP)
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