Why Germanium is the metal y to watch?
Transcription
Why Germanium is the metal y to watch?
Minor Metals Americas Conference,, Sept. p 26-27 Why y Germanium is the metal to watch? • Juncong Feng, Feng Shiela Ju • Beijing Antaike Information Development Co Co., Ltd Ltd. Page 1 DISCLAIMER & COPYRIGHT Disclaimer This document Thi d t has h been b preparedd with ith care. However, H Beijing Antaike Information Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter Antaike) makes no warranty of any kind in regardd to the h contents and d shall h ll not be b liable li bl for f incidental i id l or consequential damages, financial or otherwise, arising out of the use of this document. Copyright The contents of this Antaike©2013 Antaike presentation Page 2 are copyright Global germanium market to change because of China China, as the No.1 germanium resource country, is also the largest producer and exporter in the world. Supply/demand pattern in China began to change since pp y unstable,, consumption p ggrowing g fast and 2010,, with supply prices volatile, which is expected to continue in the next future years. Page 3 China Germanium Resources Proved resource of germanium in China by 2010 (ton) Qinghai Gansu Ohters 2% 2% Guizhou 2% Jilin 3% 4% Guangxi 4% Statistics from the Mi i t off Land Ministry L d and Resources show 39 germanium Shanxi 5% Inner Mongolia 47% Sichuan 5% deposits had been discovered by 2010, the proved Yunnan 11% resources were 6,213 tons and Guangdong 15% basic reserve was 1,574 tons. Page 4 China Germanium Resources Deposits bearing germanium In China, germanium is mainly associated with lignite and lead and zinc ores. Germanium can be economically recycled from the lignite in Inner Mongolia and Yunnan. In addition, Fankou Lead and Zinc Mine in Guangdong Province, and Huize Lead and Zinc Mine in Yunnan Province can produce germanium as by-products Province/Region Yunnan Inner Mongolia G Guangdon d Deposit Minerals Huize Lincang Bangmai(Dazhai and Zhongzhai) Ladong (Baita) Cangyuan Manghui Luxidengga Shengli Coal Yimin Coal F k Fankou Lead and zinc Page 5 Li i Lignite Lignite Lignite Lignite Lignite Lignite L d andd zinc Lead i Raw Materials of Germanium Metal in China Recycling from wastes, was es, 5% Lead and zinc concentrate co ce a e , 25% Lignite, 70% Raw Materials of Germanium Metal in China 70% of the raw materials comes from lignite, lignite 25% comes from lead and zinc ores, and 5% comes from recycling. y g Page 6 Refined Germanium Production in China China Refined Germanium Ingot g Production (ton) 100 80 60 40 20 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 According to the statistics of CNIA Indium, Bismuth and Germanium Branch, China produced 84 tons refined germanium in 2012, 2 tons lower than the previous year. Page 7 Regional Distribution of Germanium Production 氧化锗 20吨 Page 8 Major Germanium Producers in China Company Yunnan KIRO-CH pphotonics Co. Ltd. Location Yunnan Province Raw Materials Zinc smelting slag Shenzhen Zhongjin Guangdong Lingnan Nonfemet Co., Province Ltd Ltd. Yunnan Germanium Co., Yunnan Province Ltd. Zinc smelting slag Inner Mongolia Tongli Germanium Co., Ltd. Inner Mongolia Mengdong Germanium Co., Ltd. China Germanium Co., Ltd. Inner Mongolia Lignite Inner Mongolia Zinc smelting slag, dust Jiangsu Province Zinc smelting slag Others -- Zinc smelting slag, etc. Lignite Page 9 Products Capacity, tpa Germanium dioxide, germanium 10 tetrachloride,, refined germanium, monocrystalline germanium Refined germanium 10 Germanium dioxide, germanium tetrachloride, refined germanium,monocrystalline germanium, germanium wafters, infrared devices Germanium dioxide, refined germanium Germanium dioxide, refined germanium Germanium dioxide, germanium tetrachloride, refined germanium, monocrystalline germanium germanium wafters, germanium, wafters infrared devices Refined germanium 30 10 10 10 20 Limited Production Growth in Next 3 Yrs The production of germanium is to be more consolidated and more orderly. The expansion p is limited due to the increasingg cost of environmental protection and other key cost. Two producers in Inner Mongolia to be merged. Lignite resources in Yunnan is controlled by Yunnan Germanium Company, which has no expansion plan Slag generated by zinc smelters are not likely to grow because of the environmental protection pressure and soft refined zinc prices. M More strict i environmental i l protection i requirements i lead l d to the h closure l off secondary producers. The strong price of germanium will probably stimulate the recycling of germanium, but not likely in large volume. Page 10 End Users of Germanium The major end users of germanium in China are fibre and infrared devices the share of new fields such as solar cell is very small. devices, small End users of Gemanium in China in 2012 Others 8% Infrared devices 38% Fibre 54% Page 11 Growing Demand Demand from fibre industry has been increasing the country implement the “Broadband China Strategy” and 3G, which contributes to over 5% growth in the use of GeCl4 There are 8 manufacturers including Fenghuo Telecommunication, W han Changfei, Wuhan Changfei producing prod cing fibre preform, preform which hich demands nearl nearly 20 tons GeCl4 or 7 tons germanium metal. 70% of GeCl4 is from domestic production and 30% is imported. The infrared devices consumed around 5 tons germanium in 2012, which is expected to rise briskly in 2013, benefiting from the strong demand from military industry In solar sector, germanium is only used in some satellite in China. But the demand from thin film solar is recovering g worldwide. Demand for organic germanium from Japan is rebounding in 2013 Page 12 Demand to be Driven by Fibre and Infrared China Association of Communication Enterprises says the demand for pperform in 2012 was 4,750 , tons,, accountingg for 52% of the global total. China’s production was 2,565 tons, accounting for 54% of its demand. With the implementation of Broadband China Strategy, Strategy the fibre industry will remain a growth of over 10% annually. It is estimated the capacity of perform will break 4,500tpa by 2015, triple of that in 2011. The modernization of national defense will drive up the demand for germanium from the military sector. Th The demand d d for f infrared i f d devices d i from f autos andd fire fi protection i to grow gradually. Page 13 China is a Net Exporter of Germanium Products China’s Import and Export of Germanium Products 2010-2012 (kg) USA Germany Japan Canada Russia 2010 13,172 7,411 4,963 2,000 3,556 Export p 2011 12,238 8,211 2,029 300 3,119 2012 18,523 4,242 2,450 2,490 2,204 Belgium 7,422 5,850 1,827 344 300 155 204 41,676 1,211 1,203 , 170 0 802 33,361 Hong Kong UK Thailand South Korea Netherland Total 2010 3,668 6,525 1,215 0 100 Import p 2011 645 0 510 0 60 2012 209 4 254 0 0 2,069 38 26 399 601 231 130 17 0 33,030 0 0 0 0 0 11,552 0 5 0 0 0 1,305 0 11 0 0 0 951 Source: China Customs Page 14 Valued by the Government Germanium is listed in the “Development Program of Rare Metals in the 12th Five-Year Period (2011-2015)” 20 tons germanium stockpile in 2013 M&A encouraged d CNIA Indium, Bismuth and Germanium Branch established in September 2012 Page 15 Trading Platform Drawing Attention Germanium has been traded on The Fanya Metal Exchange for 2+ years, extensively supported by major producers The domestic spot transaction prices have producers. been impacted. Page 16 Conclusion China germanium producers are paying increasingly attention to extend industrial chain and exploiting the end using market. The development of resources and the production is to be more consolidated. The market is to be more orderly and pricing mechanism is being improved. In the near term, China’s germanium products still rely on export. China’s germanium industry and global germanium industry will share h rise i andd fall f ll together. h Page 17 Thank You Juncong Feng Pt@ t ik [email protected] Shiela Ju [email protected] 2nd Floor, 12B Fuxing Road Haidian District, Beijing 100814 P. R. China Tel: 0086 10 63965283 Fax: 0086 10 63971647 www.antaike.com Page 18 About Antaike Antaike is the leading Information Provider and Consulting Firm on Nonferrous Metals in China. With a total employment of 150, 40 of which are g at minor metals including g rare earth,, looking indium, bismuth, germanium, antimony, magnesium, i silicon, ili cobalt, b lt ttungsten, t molybdenum and gallium, etc. The research has been widely appraised. Page 19