Document 6534058
Transcription
Document 6534058
TUGboat, Volume 11 (1990), No. 4 sum(f,n) /* sample - 9 sum(f,n) This procedure computes and returns mous ftp to u.washington. edu. They are in the directory pub/tex/cnoweb. Anyone without access to ftp may request the files by mail to me at the address below. o Jim Fox University of Washington foxQcac.washington.edu n sum = C f (i) There is no error checking in this example. double sum(f ,n) double (*f) ( ) ; int n; */ /* function to call */ /* summation limit */ C A int i; double s = 0 ; Previewer for "Slow" Terminals Harold T . Stokes In our department, we have a multi-user computer for (i=O; i<=n; i++) s += f (i) ; C 1 return ( s ) ; 1 Figure 3: sum from the listing of samp1e.c Other than this the program need not contain any text. Most programs, however, will use plain commands in comments. as well as several new commands provided by c-web. These are described in Figure 1. Figure 2 is a sample procedure, sum, from a program in c-web format. Figure 3 is the listing of the procedure. Not shown in figure 3 is the title page, which includes the title, synopsis (none in this example), and table of contents. Features of c - 4 , some of which are demonstrated in the example, include: 1. Page breaks occur only before comments. 2. The code portion is printed not quite verbatim-indentation is automatically provided. Lines following an opening bracket or parenthesis are indented until the line containing the closing bracket or indentation. 3. The page heading contains the c file name, the page number, and the current section name. 4. Alignment rules on the top and left help verify indentation. cluster with one copy of and one laser printer. Our previewer sends document pages to the user's terminal in the Tektronix 4010/4014 graphics format. Most graphics terminals can emulate the Tektronix 4010/4014. This includes PCs using a terminal emulator like MSKermit. The terminals in our department are connected to the system through a data switch. The rate at which data can be sent to a terminal is limited t o 9600 baud (1200 bytes/second). This is rather slow for displaying graphics. As an example, consider how we might draw the character T on the screen. The individual pixels for this character (from the cmrl0 font) are shown in Fig. l a . Since Tektronix 4010/4014 graphics is vector-oriented, we might try the obvious raster scan shown in Fig. lb. However, there are 44 line segments in that raster scan. To draw a single line segment in Tektronix 4010/4014 graphics, at least seven bytes must be sent to the terminal (sometimes eight or nine). At 9600 baud, it would require at least 0.25 seconds to display this single character. An entire document page which may contain 3000 characters would require more than ten minutes to be displayed. This, of course, is unacceptable for a previewer. (a) (b) (c) Trying it out A sample program (pf . c) demonstrates c - 4 and describes the commands in more detail. Interested persons should obtain a copy of the macro file (cnoweb.tex) and the sample program by anony- Fig. 1. The character T from cmri0: ( a ) pixels, ( b ) raster scan, (c) stick figure. TUGboat, Volume 11 (1990)) No. 4 We solved this problem by designing a new set of fonts. We call them "stick-figure" fonts. The T is displayed as two line segments (Fig. lc). In Fig. 2 we show a sample of some text, including a displayed equation. (The actual clarity will depend on the resolution of the graphics screen used.) Using the stick-figure font, a page containing 3000 characters can usually be displayed on the screen in less than a minute. Some users have even used this previewer from home over a modem. Philology Report on Multilingual Activities Michael J. Ferguson We now have an Extended Font Encoding which should be officially approved by TUG and available on the archives by the time you read this report. This new standard is the first step in (1) Subduction condition. The irrep D of Go exploiting the enhanced capabilities of 3.0 in a must subduce into the indentity irrep of G, that is, multilingual environment. The use of this standard will enable the direct use of accented characters, hyphenation, and will create. for the first time, a consistent interface to all text fonts in T)jx systems. The new standard is intended to be used for all where i(G) is the subduction frequency, and ~ ( g ) of m ' s text fonts. This means that accessing is the character of D for the element g of G. The a particular code in any font will produce similar summation is taken over all elements g of G. results. To this end, a tt font will have a f f i sequence of monospaced characters at the same location as the ffi ligature in the bold roman font. ( 1 ) SuMuction conditron T h e r r e p 5 o f Gc It should also serve as the encoding standard for must s u b d u c e 1 7 t o t h e i n d e i ~ t i t yr r e p o f G,t h a t is, non-Greek variable names in math mode. The new standard extends the alphabetic content of I S 0 Latin 1 by including all of the linguistic characters in I S 0 Latin 2 along with ligatures and punctuation relevant to these languages. This stanw h e r e r(G) I S t h e s u b d u c t 0 1 7 frecluei?cy, a ~ ? d~ ( g ) dard includes the national characters, without the I S t h e c h a r a c t e r o f D f o r t h e e e w e i ? s g of G The necessity of explicit accenting, for Albanian, Czech, s u w n a t 1 0 1 - iI S t a k e , ? o v e r a l l e l e m e ~ . l t sg o f G Danish, Dutch, English, Faeroese, Finnish, French. German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, NorFig. 2. Sample output ( a ) from our laser wegian, Polish, Portugese, Rumanian, Serbocroatprinter and ( b ) how it appears using our previewer ian, Slovak. Slovene, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish. with stick-figure fonts. It also includes a block of diacritics, so that these "basic" characters may be extended by use of Q X ' s Our previewer has one major fault. We cannot accenting mechanism. This capability should allow distinguish between some of the different fonts. But for the extension to other languages, for example the speed gained more than compensates for this Lappish, at the possible penalty of not allowing disadvantage. hyphenation of words containing these explicitly Our previewer is written in a portable C accented characters. computer language. The standard also includes some important o Harold T. Stokes innovative extensions to increase flexibility of use Department of Physics and and enhance lexical semantic consistency. Astronomy 0 It includes both a "dash" and an explicit Brigham Young University This capability allows font "hyphen char". Provo, Utah 84602 designers the option of replacing the "-" with Phone: (801) 378-2215 an it-,,- without losing the dash. Since the Bitnet: stokeshQbyuvax "-" is no longer the hyphen char, it allows words with explicit dashes, such as INRST~16communicationsto be hyphenated. It also allows for the Serbocroatian hyphenation rule which says that a word broken at a "-" should