A&P Exam II Sample Questions

A&P Exam II Sample Questions
1.
Of the following non-specific immune responses, which is/are directed at pathogens in the fluids
of the body?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
In regards to inflammation, which of the following is TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Antigen-presenting cells
A&C
B&C
Of the following immunoglobulins, which initiated B cell differentiation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
Antibodies can bind to more than one antigen
Memory cells are the basis for resistance provided by passive immunity
MHC II complexes permit discrimination between self and non-self
Memory is based on the creation of a clonal population of effector cells
Helper T cells produce antibodies against antigens present in the fluids of the body
All of the following immune cells produce memory cells EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
Histamine attracts phagocytic cells to damaged tissue
Phagocytic cells are found outside the circulatory system only during immune responses
Injured basophils release histamine in response to injury
Permeability of blood vessels around an infection is reduced to prevent the pathogen
from entering the circulatory system
Prostaglandins decrease blood flow to injured tissue
In regards to the characteristics of the specific mechanism of the immune systems, which is
TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
Interferon
Complement system
Antibodies
A&B
A&C
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE
Of the following effector mechanisms, which cross-link antibodies to form complexes that are
easier for phagocytes to engulf?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Opsonization
Agglutination
Neutralization
Precipitation
B&D
7.
Of the following, which signals the immune system that a host cell has been infected by a
pathogen?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
All of the following types of cells have Class II MHC’s EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
Apex
Superior margin
Inferior margin
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Which part of the heart is closest to the vertebral column?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13.
Cell-mediated responses
Humoral responses
Anti-microbial proteins
A, B & C
B&C
Which part of the heart is closest to the 2nd rib?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
12.
Secondary responses occur more rapidly than primary responses
Clonal populations of effector cells are made during the primary response
Clonal populations of memory cells are made during the secondary response
Antibodies are made by T cells during cell-mediated responses
C&D
Which of the following types of responses can target pathogens present in the fluids of the body?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11.
B cells
T cells
Macrophages
Red blood cells
C&D
Of the following, which is NOT a characteristic of specific immune responses?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
The infected cells binds with a helper T cell
The infected cell presents an antigen on its MHC I
The infected cell activates a B cell
The infected cell releases histamine
None of the above
Apex
Superior margin
Inferior margin
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
In regards to the anatomy of the heart, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The inner layer of the pericardium is formed from the epicardium
Squamous epithelial tissue lines the valves and internal structures of the heart
Most of the mass of the heart is made up of myocardium
The heart is completely surrounded by lung tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue is organized as circular rings around the atria and ventricles
14.
All of the following are characteristics of circulation EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15.
In regard to the thyroid gland, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.
The thyroid gland makes two metabolically active hormones
Parafollicular cells of the thymus produce thyroglobin
Thyroglobin cannot be converted into colloid without iodine
T4 is converted into T3 in target tissues
C&D
How do amino acid-based hormones affect their target cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
17.
Systemic and pulmonary circuits pump equal volumes of blood
Tissue perfusion can occur in either the systemic or pulmonary circuits
Systemic and pulmonary circulation require similar pressure gradients
A&C
B&C
Amino acid-based hormones bind nuclear membrane receptors
Amino acid-based hormones diffuse through plasma membranes
Amino acid-based hormones bind intracellular receptors
Amino acid-based hormones bind to receptors found in the nucleus
Amino acid-based hormones activate G-proteins linked receptors
Of the following which does not contribute to target cell specificity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The three-dimensional shape of the hormone
The number of hormones receptors
The location of hormone receptors
The concentration of the hormone
The affinity of the receptor
Use the following table to answer Questions 18 – 19.
1
2
3
4
5
18.
6
7
8
9
10
PTH
T3
ADH
Calcitonin
Insulin
Which of the hormones listed above are released in response to a humoral stimulus?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
Oxytocin
Prolactin
ACTH
FSH
Cortisol
1, 2 & 5
6, 9 & 10
2, 5 & 6
5, 6 & 10
2, 6 & 9
Which of the hormones listed above are released in classified as a tropic hormone?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1, 3 & 4
3, 4 & 5
3&4
3, 4 & 7
4, 6 & 8
20.
Which of the hormones listed above is (are) synthesized in the hypothalamus?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
21.
In regards to pituitary gland, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22.
Gonadotropins
TRH
Parathyroid hormone
Glucocorticoids
B&D
Of the following, which would be a likely consequence of a disease that destroyed alpha cells in
the pancreas?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
GH
Glucagon
Insulin
Cortisol
A&C
Which of the following hormones are elevated in response to stress?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.
The infundibulum is the physical connection between the pituitary and the hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is the functional connection between the brain and the endocrine
system
The anterior pituitary is comprised of endocrine tissue
The posterior pituitary is directly connected to the hypothalamus
The activity of anterior pituitary is regulated by neural connections with the
hypothalamus
All of the following hormones increase blood sugar levels EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.
1 only
1&8
2, 3 & 4
1, 2 & 8
2, 5 & 8
Less glucose would be oxidized
More glucose will be synthesized from amino acids
Hyperglycemia
More glycogen will be broken down into glucose
B&C
Of the following endocrine glands, which produces melatonin?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Thymus
Pineal gland
Parathyroid gland
For Question 26 refer to the following table.
1
2
Ventricular pressure is high
Ventricular pressure is low
6
7
Ventricular volume is low
P wave occurs
3
4
5
Aortic pressure is high
Aortic pressure is low
Ventricular volume is high
8
9
QRS wave occurs
T wave occurs
26.
At The time of the first heart sound, which of the following are TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2, 4, 5, & 8
1, 3, 6, & 9
2, 3, 6, & 7
1, 3, 5, & 7
2, 4, 5, & 7
27.
In regards to the ventricular ejection phase, which of the following is TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ventricles relax
Semilunar valves are closed
Intraventricular blood pressure exceeds the blood pressure in the pulmonary trunk
Atrioventricular valves are open
C&D
28.
Which of the following factors determine when the AV valves are open?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Intraventricular pressure
Volume of blood returning to the heart
MAP
Volume of blood in the ventricles
None of the above
29.
Which of the following factors is indirectly related to blood pressure?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
EDV
ESV
Length of ventricular diastole
Venous blood pressure
B&D
30.
Drug X increases the quiescent period. What are the likely effects of Drug X on cardiac function?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Increase contractile strength
Increase heart rate
Increase afterload
Increase ESV
Increase EDV
32.
When heart rate decreases, which of the following is also likely to occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Preload increases
Contractile strength increases
Afterload decreases
ESV increases
A&B
32.
Which of the following would occur when β1 adrenergic receptors are activated?
a.
b.
CO decreases
ESV increases
c.
d.
e.
Heart rate decreases
Pacemaker resting potential is depolarized
SA node is hyperpolarized
For Questions 33 - 34 refer to the following table.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Venous return increases
Venous return decreases
EDV increases
EDV decreases
Contractile strength increases
Contractile strength decreases
7
8
9
10
11
12
Sympathetic NS is activated
Parasympathetic NS is activated
Heart rate increases
Heart rate decreases
CO increases
CO decreases
33.
Which are likely to occur when the Cardiac Center in the medulla are activated?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1, 3, 6
7, 10, 12
7, 6, 12
7, 9, 11
2, 3, 11
34.
Which are likely to occur when respiratory pump activity is increased?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4, 6, 10
1, 5, 9, 11
8, 10, 12
6, 8, 10, 12
1, 3, 11
35.
Which of the following vessels has the thickest tunica media?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Conducting arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Elastic arteries