✓ 10 FOLLOW-UP

SCIENCE & GLOBAL ISSUES/BIOLOGY • GENETICS
FOLLOW-UP
✓
10 Analysis Questions 1 and 2 are
Quick Check assessments of students’ understanding of protein synthesis. Analysis Question 2 asks
students to practice transcribing and
translating sequences of DNA and
mRNA. You might also ask them to
make up their own sequences to
work from. Be sure the sequences
they select include a start codon.
Analysis Question 4 is a Quick Check
to assess students’ understanding
that DNA mutations might or might
not have an effect on transcription
and translation, depending on the
change made in the DNA sequence.
SCIENCE & GLOBAL ISSUES/BIOLOGY • GENETICS
10 Analysis
1. Define protein synthesis and describe how it works.
2. Copy the chart below in your science notebook. Fill in the chart to determine
the amino acid sequence that results from the transcription and translation
of the following nucleotide sequence:
5' TACTCGGCATTGTGA 3'
Nucleotide
Transcription
Translation
mRNA
Amino Acid
5'
A
T
G
T
C
G
G
C
A
T
T
SAMPLE RESPONSES
G
T
✓
1. Protein synthesis is the process
by which information contained
in the DNA nucleotide series in
cells directs the production of proteins. During transcription, the
DNA in the nucleus unzips, allowing mRNA to form. The mRNA
leaves the nucleus and goes into
the cell’s cytoplasm for translation.
During translation, tRNA uses
mRNA as a template from which
to synthesize a chain of amino
acids on the ribosomes. Those
chains are processed and packaged
into proteins.
G
A
3'
Sample Results for Analysis Question 2
Transcription
Translation
mRNA nucleotide
tRNA anticodon
Amino acid
T
A
U
A
U
T
Methionine (Met)
START
C
G
C
T
A
U
2. Response is shown in the table at
right.
C
G
C
G
C
G
3. A two-base insertion or deletion
will cause a frameshift, because a
codon is three bases. A three-base
insertion or deletion adds or deletes
an amino acid.
G
C
G
C
G
C
A
U
A
T
A
U
T
A
U
G
C
G
T
A
U
G
C
G
A
U
A
✓
DNA nucleotide
5' 374
3'
568
Serine (Ser)
Arginine (Arg)
Asparagine (Asn)
Threonine (Thr)