TEACHER’S MANUAL on New Trends in

Transcription

TEA CHER’S MA NUA L
on
New Trends
in
English Reader and Workbook
(Earth Series)
Class 7
2014
With Teaching Aids and complete solutions of
Exercises given in English Reader & Workbook
WHY ‘EARTH SERIES’ ?
The theme of ‘The Earth’ has become intensely relevant today
when almost all the nations on this planet are increasingly
concerned about global warming, rising sea levels, rivers going
dry, drinking water shortage, species of animals and birds dying
out, climate-related natural disasters and the need to feed a rising
world population. The theme of ‘The Earth’ underlines the
fragility of our planet and the urgent need to create learning to
stimulate the reader’s imagination, when our every decision
has the power to change for the better, the lives of our future
generations.
Through this series of English Readers & Workbooks, let us
become aware of our environment and ring in the changes.
– Author
[2]
[Teacher’s Manual on NTER & WB-7]
ENGLISH READER AND WORKBOOK-7
INTRODUCTION
New Trends in English Reader, the Earth Series, is a series of a set of two books for each
class (1–8) – (i) English Reader, and (ii) Workbook. The whole series has been designed to help
the child to develop communicative efficiency in English as also taste for co-scholastic areas. In
fact, it incorporates the aims and objectives of continuous and comprehensive evaluation.
OBJECTIVES
The twin-objective of the series is to hone the four basic communication skills in English and to
emphasise the need to conserve environment (hence the sub-title : the Earth Series).
To be precise, New Trends in English Reader, explicitly aims at :
●
reading for comprehension
●
writing skills
●
improving the skills to listen attentively
●
effective speaking
●
building vocabulary
●
grammar skills
●
life skills which include thinking and emotional skills
MATERIAL
The learning material in each Reader has the distinct flavour of the native milieu and culture. The
thrust is not on facts as facts but on ideas through facts. Necessary variety in reading material
ensures interest and curiosity on the part of the learners. So different genres of literature —
poetry, fiction and non-fiction — have been included in a graded manner. The purpose is to take
the learner from the easy to difficult level.
The Reader and Workbook are interlinked. Workbook provides an opportunity to the student
to have an intensive practice in the thematic, lexical and linguistic items introduced in the Reader.
It helps in three ways :
(i) as a complement to the coursebook
(ii) as a language practice book, and
(iii) as an essential examination aid.
THE ROLE OF TEACHER
●
The success of any learning material largely depends upon its proper handling by the teacher.
In view of the fact that the teacher is mainly a motivator and a leader, it is the duty of the
teacher to provide congenial atmosphere for learning. He should ensure that all students should
feel free to participate in teaching-learning process.
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●
The teacher may do the first reading of each chapter to ensure that the student learns to
pronounce a word correctly. The students may be asked to read the chapter aloud, individually
or row-by-row, as is feasible.
●
The pupil should be given a constant sense of achievement by doing things correctly.
Natural language activity should be encouraged. Errors should be tolerated and accepted as a
part of learning, especially relating to spoken English. During the speaking tasks, the teacher
is well-advised to intervene minimally and that too at crucial points, but certainly not at the
initial stage. He should not inculcate inhibition or fear of any kind in the learner’s mind.
●
Last but not least, the teacher ought to have a good mix of humour and wit, sympathy and
understanding. Only then can he be able to achieve the highest goals of teaching.
There are four basic skills on which the teacher should concentrate.
●
READING SKILLS
Reading is not a passive activity. It requires concentration and active interest. It can be silent or
loud, depending upon the necessity and the atmosphere.
Extensive reading is what we call skimming. It is reading fast to get an overall or general view of
what the writer wants to convey. It does not mean reading of each and every word. The words in
convenient units are read for the purpose. Intensive reading, on the other hand, is what is known
as scanning. It is done slowly with the aim to absorb and concentrate. It enhances the ability to
understand and retain the message. It involves word for word, line-by-line reading of the given
material.
In the present series, the following types of questions have been included to develop the reading
proficiency of the learner :
(i) Multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
(ii) Sequencing,
(iii) True/Fase.
(iv) Fill in the blanks
(iv) Matching the words with their meanings.
Multiple-choice questions ; The learner is given three or four answers to a particular question.
He or she is choose the correct or the most appropriate answer. These questions in the Coursebook
have been set in such a way that more than one answers may seem to be correct. The learner has
to decide which one of these is most appropriate to the text. He or she may have to go to relevant
portion of the text to ensure the question correctly. Some questions may require answers from
beyond the text.
Sequencing : This type of question requires arranging the events in a text in their correct order.
The learner has to keep in mind the whole text while attempting such a question.
True/False : Some statements pertaining to the text are provided. Each statement requires the
answer as True or False, according to the facts. Naturally, it requires through understanding of the
text.
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Fill in the blanks : The learner has to show his comprehension of the text by completing the
sentences with appropriate words from the text. He may have to go back to the relevant portion of
the text in the coursebook.
Matching the words : Such an exercise requires matching words in one column with their
meanings in the other column. Sometimes such a question is set in three columns, particularly in
the case of completion of sentences.
Guidelines for Reading :
●
Ask the students to read the passage/leasson silently at first.
●
Encourage the students to read a piece quickly and then slowly. Two readings should be a
normal practice.
●
Tell the students to discuss what they have read with their companions, if possible.
●
Frame Yes-No questions to enable the students to recall what they have read.
●
Ask the students to provide both oral and written answers in the classroom itself. Only those
questions which require detailed answers should form a part of homework.
WRITING SKILLS
New Trends in English Reader introduces a variety of writing tasks in a systematic manner —
from writing a few sentences to a short paragraph to a well-developed article, speech, story or
letter. The necessary rules for writing a particular item are given in an easy way.
The format of each is provided prominently in a box.
Guidelines
●
The teacher should select a topic that interests the learners. The topic must be within the
comprehension level of the students.
●
The teacher can use any way to encourage the students to write :
(i) discussing the topic in the class,
(ii) asking the students to first discuss the topic among themselves in small groups, if feasible, and
(iii) encouraging the students to gather more information from the library or the Internet.
●
The teacher should assess the attempt of the student liberally and provide relevant remarks
for improvement in the areas of :
✓ grammar
✓ vocabulary
✓ layout
✓ punctuation
✓ spellings
●
Peer assessment may be encouraged as a part of interactive approach.
LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILLS
Listening
The present series provides listening texts for the teacher, pertaining to particular segments, towards the end. The teacher will speak aloud the given lines or words. The learner will write the
answers to the given questions, which can be of the following nature :
(i) Multiple-Choice questions (ii) Response-type questions (iii) Language–based questions
Guidelines
●
The teacher should read the passage only once.
●
The learner should be asked to sit still and listen to the passage carefully, and then write the
answers.
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Speaking
This is an important segment of each lesson. It provides models for oral tasks to encourage
learners to do oral tasks in peer groups or in the class.
Guidelines
●
●
●
●
The teacher should take the lead and initiate an oral task, thereby involving the learners in
effective conversation.
He or she should not interfere when a learner is speaking even when the learner is making
mistakes.
Mistakes should be pointed out at a stage when the learner has shed inhibitions in speaking
English.
Speech or debate contests in the class may prove to be of great help to the learners at the
primary level.
VOCABULARY
A variety of exercises have been included in the Reader as well as its accompanying Workbook to
enable the students to build his vocabulary in a systematic way.
The following items have been included :
✓ words in written and spoken forms
✓ synonyms and antonyms
✓ phrasal verbs, idioms, proverbs, etc.
✓ word families
✓ prefixes, suffixes, compound words, etc.
A separate section on ‘Using the Dictionary’ has been included to help the students use the
dictionary properly.
Then the questions on ‘wordsearch’ and ‘puzzles’ have been specially added to make the learning
of words a fun.
The use of words in sentences has been encouraged at various levels, and in stimulating ways.
Guidelines
●
The teacher should ask the students to learn to use the dictionary properly. He should
explain various abbreviations used in the dictionary.
●
The teacher should advise the students to learn a word by relating it to its family.
For example the word ‘control’ has several related words — ‘controllable’, ‘controlled’ and
‘controller’. This word can be related to words like check, supervise, oversee, direct, etc.
●
The student should be explained how a word can have more than one meaning.
●
The students should be taught to speak words correctly. They may be introduced to different sounds of English through symbols, of course, at a higher stage. For example, they need
to be told where ‘r’ is not spoken and where it is spoken. Similarly the silent letters in words
like comb, bomb, psychology, etc. should be taken up for rigorous practice.
●
Vocabulary-exercises should be an inseparable part of teaching-learning process.
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GRAMMAR
‘Fun with Grammar’ is an important section that focuses on all the structural items in an easy and
interesting way. The present series aims at focusing on the practical aspect of language. As such,
not much emphasis is placed on rules. The rules are deduced from the grammatical structures.
Guidelines
●
Take up easy grammatical items — parts of speech, for instance — at first.
●
Explain the usage of each item in context.
●
Try to make concepts easy to understand.
●
Use the learner’s cultural background to teach each grammatical item.
●
Ensure the active paticipation of each and every student.
●
Encourage oral and group activities.
●
Discourage rote-learning of rules by forcing the students to apply the grammatical concepts
rather than memorise them.
LITERATURE
The coursebooks in the series includes interesting pieces of prose, poetry and drama. The following types of questions have been incorporated for thorough understanding of literary items :
✓ New words with their meanings
✓ Short answer questions
✓ Multiple-choice questions
✓
Sequencing
✓
Reference to context questions
✓
Long answer questions — mostly extrapolative, to test local and global understanding of the
text.
The four main genres of literature — poetry, fiction, non-fiction and drama — form the core of this
section :
Poetry :
It is difficult to interpret a poem correctly simply because its structure is often complex, and
langauge metaphorical. Therefore, the task of the teacher becomes all the more difficult. He has
to help the students to know what the poet is trying to say. Then he is to explain how the poet
expresses his experience. Thus, he is to deal with both content and form.
The teacher must not merely point out a particular simile or metaphor in a poem but also explain its
function. For example, in the poem ‘Palanquin Bearers’, Sarojini Naidu uses the simile—‘she
sways like a flower’ – to convey the soft, tender movement of the palanquin, as also the beauty
and tenderness of the bride. In the poem ‘The Brook’, the journey of the brook becomes a metaphor for human jounrey with many parallels. :
Fiction :
It is the most popular genre of literature, covering novels and short stories which are basically
imaginative or fictive. While dealing with short stories, the teacher should help the students with
the understanding of the main features of fiction — story, plot, theme, characters, etc. Most of the
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questions pertain to these features. While a story is an account of a series of events, a plot is an
account of how these events are inter related and to what effect. The theme is the main idea that
a writer wants to project through the story.
Non-fiction
Non-fiction includes essays, biographical and autographical pieces, reports, descriptions, etc. It is
often factual and objective. The teacher should ask the students to focus on the ideas and their
development in non-fictional works, and encourage them to think of other situations in life to which
these ideas can be related.
Drama
A drama or a play presents a story in a form that can be enacted before an audience. Like a short
story or a novel, it has a plot, characters, dialogues, an atmosphere, and an outlook on life. Most of
the questions on a play pertain to these features, and the teacher must ask the students to concentrate on them to understand and appreciate a play. While discussing a character in a play, it is
important to take into view the opinions of other characters about him or her. While discussing the
theme of a play, we have to consider the play in toally and not rely on what one particular character says, or what the playwright himself says outside the text.
Guidelines
●
At the primary and middle level, the teacher should be very careful and alert while dealing
with literary items.
●
Frame some pre-reading questions related to the text to arouse the curiosity of the learner.
●
Introduce the theme of the poem or the story.
●
Ask the student to read a poem or a story silently.
●
Discuss the text
●
Give some relevant questions to test whether the students have comprehended the text or not.
●
Allow discussion in groups.
●
The exercises in the Coursebook should be used liberally.
●
The link lesson in the Workbook should be the next step.
Main Features of the New Trends in English Reader (The Earth Series)
✓ A set of two books — The Reader and Workbook — for class 1 – 8.
✓ Includes a variety of literary and non-literary items
✓ Designed to meet the needs and urges of the learner at the primary and the middle levels.
✓ Promotes environmental awareness through interesting stories and articles
✓ Student – friendly format
✓ A number of exercises in Workbook for intensive practice
✓ Aims at enhancing the basic communication skills.
✓ Equips the learner to face life positively and boldly through tasks related to Life Skills,
Thinking Skills and Creative Skills.
The present series, hopefully, will cater to all the examination-oriented needs of the learners. It
provides an ample scope for group discussions, and formal and informal learning through scholastic and non-scholastic tasks. It is sure to increase the communication proficiency of the learners in
English language.
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English Reader-7
Lesson – 1 TOM WHITEWASHES A FENCE
Pre-Reading Questions
1. What do you want to do on a holiday ?
2. How do you feel when your holiday is spoilt ?
3. Why does a forbidden thing attract us ?
Think and Write
1. A. (i) he became unhappy
(ii) very carefully and critically
(iii) in a new perspective
(iv) hatching conspiracies ; making plans
(v) have a lot of money (precious things)
B. 1. sadness
–
gladness
2. fresh
–
tired
3. refused
–
allowed
4. began
–
stopped
5. rest
–
work
6. full
–
empty
7. weep
–
laugh
C. 1. AUNT
2. PAID 3. APPLE
4. NOTICE
5. WORK
6. FENCE
D. Cheerfulness : Our cheerfulness left on seeing our Maths teacher.
Ridicule
: He ridiculed my plan at first but then accepted it cheerfully.
Particular
: He remains out of station on some particular days.
Possessions
: We should not be proud of our material possessions.
Necessary
: It is necessary to brush twice a day.
2. A. 1. b
2. c
3. c
4. c
5. c
B. (i) Ben to Tom
(ii) Tom to Ben
(iii) Ben to Tom
(iv) Ben to Tom
(v) Aunt Polly to Tom
3. (i) It was a beautiful summer morning. Everybody looked happy and lively. The trees
were in bloom.
(ii) Tom was assigned the work to whitewash a fence.
(iii) Ben Rogers ridiculed him by saying that he had to work even on a Sunday.
(iv) Tom pretended not to have seen him.
(v) He swept his brush like an artist.
(vi) He refused to allow Ben at first to whitewash to make him more interested in the work.
(vii) Ben was allowed to whitewash on the condition that he would give Tom the whole of
his apple.
(viii) Other boys were also duped by Tom. Tom allowed them to do the work as if it were
very important.
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(ix) Tom discovered that in order to make one desire a thing it is necessary to make the
thing difficult to get.
(x) Tom’s aunt was pleasantly surprised on seeing the well so beautifully whitewashed.
4. (i) Tom is the speaker.
(ii) His work was to whitewash a broad fence.
(iii) He had performed his job very well.
(iv) He was given the work on a holiday perhaps as a punishment.
(v) Aunt’s first reaction was of disbelief and anger.
5. Father
: Where ?
Roshan
: To play with my friends.
Father
: First do as I told you, and then go.
Roshan
: But my friends are waiting for me.
Father
: Well ...... go. But come back in an hour.
Roshan
: Yes, dad. I’ll surely come back in an hour.
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
Subject
Predicate
1. His courage
was appreciated.
2. Joan and Tom
were good friends.
3. The repentant King Ashoka
later adopted Buddhism.
4. The quality of bread
is not up to the mark.
5. The whole class
was punished.
6. We
cannot start at once.
7. Good people
never think ill of others.
8. India and Nepal
are neighbouring countries.
9. A beautiful rainbow
appeared in the sky.
10. The barking of dogs
awoke us at night .
Lesson – 2 ULYSSES AND THE CYCLOPS
1. What is an adventure ?
2. How should we encounter a dangerous situation ?
3. Name some adventurous activities.
Think and Write
1. A. (i)
(v)
(ix)
B. (i)
(v)
(ix)
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caves
about
killed
milk
carry
glass
(ii)
(vi)
(x)
(ii)
(vi)
(x)
milk, bread
flock of sheep
tied
owner
ships
suddenly
(iii) owner
(vii) glimmering
(iv) deafened
(viii) capturing
(iii) giant
(vii) sight
(iv) inside
(viii) sheep
C.
Companions
: I went to see a movie with my companions.
Explore
: Our company is exploring the area here for oil.
Deafened
: We felt deafened by a very loud sound.
Glimmering
: We could see him in the glimmering light.
Neighbouring : Pakistan and Nepal are our neighbouring countries.
D. (a) earth which is yet to be cultivated (tilled).
(b) to find out ; discover
(c) in the distant parts
(d) with all his force
2. (i) True
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) True (vi) False
(vii) True (viii) True
(ix) True
(x) False
3. (i) Ulysses and his men reached the land of Cyclops.
(ii) The Cyclops were giant shepherds, with one eye each in the middle of their forehead.
They lived in caves.
(iii) Ulysses and his men took shelter in a cave.
(iv) Their ears were deafened in the evening because the voice of the incoming owner of
the cave was very loud.
(v) The Cyclop drove his flock of sheep into the cave. He placed a very big stone in the
entrance to serve as a door.
(vi) Ulysses answered the Cyclop’s questions. The Cyclop asked him his name.
(vii) Six Grecians were killed and eaten up by the Cyclop.
(viii) He did so to blind the giant by piercing it into his eye.
(ix) Four of Ulysses’ men pushed the long stick of wood with red hot point into the
giant’s eye. Thus the giant became blind.
(x) Ulysses fastened sets of three sheep together and tied a man to each of the middle
sheep. The giant felt the outward fleecy backs as the sheep went out. He was thus
tricked by Ulysses and his men to their safety.
5. Write the letter with the following hints.
l
a robber on the bike
l
tried to snatch the bag
l
called aloud at once, “Policemen, come here”
l
the robber got frightened and looked behind
l
slipped in the darkness to safety
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
7. A. (i) Grodotski, Halberg, tape, ground, Grodotski, metres
(ii) Halberg’s friends, body, minds, anxiety
(iii) smile, face
(iv) victory, race, Halberg
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(v) race, Lydiard, change, Halberg, desire, Murray Halberg
(vi) minutes, race, victory
(vii) life, things, Halberg, tape, door
(viii) life, meaning, life, race
B. (i) Policeman
(ii) Chairman
(iii) Flight stewardess
(iv) spokesman, spokesperson
C. Mice, Loaves, Geese, Leaves, Axes, Armies (Do it yourself)
Lesson – 3 THE SNAIL
1. How can we achieve our goal ?
2. Name two qualities needed to achieve a goal.
3. What is a snail ?
Think and Write
1. (i) c
(ii) c
(iii) c
(iv) a
(v) c
2. (i) It means a narrow shelf projecting from a rock.
(ii) The snail moves very slowly to cross the road.
(iii) because it wants to eat a leaf-mould on the other side of the road.
(iv) The moving vehicles on the road are the dangers to the snail.
(v) No, it is not aware of the dangers on the road.
(vi) The poet ‘salutes’ it for its determination.
(vii) The snail is very simple creature, unable to plan any clever move.
(viii) It is a leaf-mould.
(ix) The poet compares himelf to the snail and feels inferior to it in will power and
determination.
(x) The poem conveys the message that one needs to be totally focused and determined
to get success.
3. (i) ‘I’ is the poet.
(ii) The snail is saluted for its strong will power and determination.
(iii) The poet here uses capital ‘s’ to recognize and appreciate the determined spirit of
a small creature.
(iv) The poet has noticed a snail crossing the road.
(v) The feeling that he is not as focused as the snail is has made the poet feel ‘small’.
4. Write a paragraph with the help of these hints :
l
success dodges the weak-willed
l
timidity does not pay
l
consistent efforts pay in the long run
l
all great and successful men - Mahatma Gandhi, Ibrahim Lincoln, etc. showed courage
and determination.
[12]
Speaking
5. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
6. A. a. Declarative
d. Exclamatory
B. a. This room is vacant
d. to the garden
b.
e.
b.
e.
Interrogative
Imperative
a cobra in the grass
open the door now
c. I mperative
c. you return
Lesson – 4 COURAGE
1. Who is a courageous person ?
2. Who is a timid person ?
3. What does a courageous person achieve in life ?
Think and Write
1. A. (i) peer
(v) persevere
(ii) combat
(iii) quit
(iv) novel
(vi) refreshments
(vii) extinguishing (viii) face
(ix) care
(x) encourage
B. (i) parable
–
a story told to teach a moral
(ii) counsel
–
advice
(iii) multitude
–
crowd
(iv) refused
–
denied
(v) self-interest
–
selfishness
(vi) combat
–
fight
(vii) quit
–
leave
2. A. (i) True
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) False
(v) True
(vi) True
(vii) False
(viii) True
(ix) True
(x) True
B. (i) We must take care of our parents.
(ii) The fire was put out in an hour.
(iii) A new tax had been put on traders.
(iv) Our hearts go out to the relatives of the victims.
(v) Dengue has broken out in many cities.
3. (i) The teacher told the children to come out promptly at the signal of alarm.
(ii) When the teacher blew the whistle, the children stood up and filed out into the open.
(iii) Madhava was kneeling outside a temple. He heard a sorrowful cry.
(iv) A young girl Malati was standing in the sanctuary of the temple. A priest was ready
with his knife to kill her in honour of a deity.
(v) Madhava showed physical as well as moral courage by engaging the priest in a
deadly fight and saving Malati.
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(vi) Vibhishana displayed physical as well as moral courage by opposing his elder brother
Ravana.
(vii) The parable of the hen shows that if one sticks to the Right Path one will come out
into the Light.
(viii) Abu Sayed fell ill. His friends came to see him. His encouraging words encouraged
them. It shows that one who has courage gives courage to others.
(ix) Abu Sayed shows mental or moral courage.
(x) Abu Sayed’s story reveals that even a sick man can give hope and courage to hale
and hearty persons.
4. (i) These words were uttered in angry mood.
(ii) Vibhishana’s just advice made Ravana angry.
(iii) Vibhishana was Ravana’s younger brother. His advice to Ravana was to make peace
with Lord Rama.
(iv) Vibhishana opposed his mighty brother and dared to say the words which no one
could utter to him.
(v) Ravana was blind in anger and was very arrogant of his might.
(vi) Yes, Vibhishana left because he was no longer welcome in his brother’s court.
5. Write the paragraph with the help of these hints :
l
found Rakesh injured, crying
l
rushed to help him
l
convinced a car owner to take him to a nearby hospital
l
Rakesh got admitted
l
called his father on the phone
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
A. a. scissors
b. scissors
c. pair of jeans
d. jeans
e. pair of shorts
f. shorts
B. a. a girls’ school
b. a boys’ college
c. a men’s club
d. a teacher’s day
e. a children’s day
f. for Jesus’ sake
g. Keats’ poems
h. St. James’ school
i. Ladies’ shoes
j. Kwality’s biscuits
Lesson – 5 HE WAS A MAN OF THE TREES
1. What is the importance of trees ?
2. What happens when trees are cut in excess ?
3. What is a ‘Vanmahotsava Day’ ?
Think and Write
1. A. (i) b
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(ii) c
(iii) c
(iv) b
(v) c
B. AFFINITY, WIGS, TREES, SAHARA, NATURE
C. (i) put off
–
put something to a later time
(ii) put on
–
wear
(iii) put out
–
stop something burning
(iv) put forward
–
propose or recommend
(v) put in
–
include
(vi) put up
–
stay somewhere for the night
(vii) put through
–
complete successfully
Sentence
(i) put off
: Let us put off the meeting for some time.
(ii) put on
: Put on this shirt.
(iii) put out
: The fire was put out in an hour.
(iv) put forward : He put my name forward for club secretary.
(v) put in
: Don’t forget to put in a few words for your sister in this letter.
(vi) put up
: We put up at Cecil for the night.
(vii) put through : We are sure to put through this deal.
2. (i) sprouting
(ii) Densely
(iii) campaign (iv) support
(v) calm
(vi) slogans
(vii) advocating (viii) foothill
(ix) exploited
(x) spiritually
3. (i) The author spent his childhood days by playing with the little plants in his father’s
nursery.
(ii) Richard St. Barbe Baker was known as ‘Man of the Trees’.
(iii) His slow body movements observed by someone saved him in the World War I,
otherwise he would have been buried with the dead.
(iv) In Kenya he realized the importance of trees in the absence of which the land was
turning barren.
(v) He called Rabindranath Tagore a great Guru because he got spiritual strength
from his poem when he was physically and mentally very weak.
(vi) His meeting with Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru was very fruitful. Nehru read his book ‘The
Sahara Challenge’ thrice and sought his advice about deserts in India.
(vii) The ‘Chipko Movement’ is a movement for saving trees. The author found support
in Baker’s urging the Government of India to ban felling of trees in the hills.
(viii) He saved the Silent Valley by telling the government that he wanted to go on fast
unto death to save it.
(ix) He advised them not to act as timber merchants but as the real conservator of forests.
(x) His love for the trees was immense. He was responsible for planting 26 billion trees
during his life-time.
4. (i) These words reveal the speaker’s love for trees.
(ii) He advised the forest officers in Delhi to be the tree conservator of forests.
(iii) ‘My Life, My Trees’.
(iv) He involved the local tribals in planting trees in Kenya.
(v) ‘Man of the Trees’ is the name of an institution founded by Baker to plant and save
trees.
[15]
5. Write your speech with the help of these hints :
l
Vanmahotsava to be celebrated
l
trees to be planted
l
planting trees extremely necessary
l
conservation of plants
l
saving the environment
l
preventing global warming
l
role of students
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
7. (a) I myself made this drawing.
(b) Uncle himself wrote this article.
(c) My neighbours painted the face themselves.
(d) Rina and I cooked all this food ourselves.
Lesson – 6 HOW TO TELL WILD ANIMALS
1. Have you been to a zoo ?
2. What animals did you see there ?
3. Name the two animals you liked and the two you did not like.
Think and Write
1. A. (i) round
–
ground
(ii) learn
–
earn
(iii) peppered
–
treated
(iv) view
–
dew
(v) pain
–
vain
(vi) yard
–
hard
(vii) there
–
mare
(viii) guess
–
less
(ix) prey
–
may
(x) nonplus
–
fuss
(xi) smiles
–
hides
(xii) small
–
wall
(xiii) thing
–
ring
(xiv) tree
–
free
B. 1. Elephant
–
a long trunk
2. Monkey
–
an animal with a long tail and red face
3. Ape
–
a monkey-like animal but without a tail
4. Cobra
–
a snake which raises its spotted hood
5. Duck
–
a water-bird with webbed feet
C. Ungrammatical – 1. He’ll only lep and lep again.
[16]
2.
(i)
(vi)
(xi)
3. (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
jungles
(ii) tawny
(iii) roars
(iv) black
(v) eat
hide
(vii) roar
(viii) hug
(ix) weeping
(x) smiling
wing
(xii) chameleon
The Asian lion is found in the jungles in the eastern countries.
It looks large and yellowish-brown.
The tiger is called a noble, wild beast only humorously.
It looks yellow with black stripes.
A leopard has black spots while a tiger has black stripes.
The word ‘lept’ is ‘leapt’.
An inexperienced person (one who is unfamiliar with forest animals) may not be
able to make distinction between a crocodile and a hyena.
(viii) A bear is known for its fatal hug.
(ix) A crocodile seems to be weeping while a hyena smiling.
(x) The poet wants to say that the chameleon assumes the colour of its background and
thus remains invisible.
4. (i) ‘You’ here stands for a reader.
(ii) A bear is famous for its strong hug which can kill a person.
(iii) It means one can try it in case of a doubt.
(iv) No, it can be fatal, as in the case of a bear-hug.
(v) Yes, we should avoid it because it may prove to be ferocious and deadly.
5. Write the paragraph with the given hints.
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
7. A. (i) the Asian lion
(ii) tawny beast
(iii) the Bengal tiger
(iv) true Chameleon
(v) smiling Hyena
B. (i) industrious
(ii) largest
(iii) useful
(iv) mightier
(v) intelligent
(vi) cautious
(vii) deep
(viii) nutritious
(ix) some
(x) fearless
Lesson – 7 STREAMLINING
1. What decreases our speed ?
2. Why do we need fast speed in life ?
3. Have you observed a flying bird ? What does it do to its body, and why ?
Think and Write
1. A. (i) slender
–
thick
(ii) knowledge
–
ignorance
(iii) narrow
–
wide
(iv) single
–
multiple
(v) resistance
–
attraction
[17]
(vi)
(vii)
B. (i)
2. A. (i)
(v)
(ix)
B. (i)
gliding
–
still
utmost
–
minimum
off
(ii) forward
(iii) in
(iv) aside
(v) through (vi) out
rifle, ripples
(ii) air-resistance
(iii) angles
(iv) sufficient
necessity
(vi) resists
(vii) cut
(viii) sharp
ripples
(x) streamlined
It is an idea or technique to reduce air-resistance to increase the speed of a
vehicle.
(ii) The Red Indian shaped his boat with a sharp prow and slim sides, because such
a boat produces little resistance against water.
(iii) Speed of transport is the greatest feature of the modern industrial world.
(iv) The rapid transport system saves much valuable time.
(v) By improving the engine, by improving the fuel and by reducing air-resistance
we can increase speed.
(vi) Air resistance is the drag set up by air which acts like a brake on our speed.
(vii) Reducing the surface area of those parts which press against the air.
(viii) The first motor car followed the pattern of the horse-drawn carriages of earlier
times.
(ix) A hare flattens its ears when it runs. It is an example of streamlining in nature.
(x) The perfect model of streamlining has very little or no sharp angles or projections,
slim front and tapered sides.
3. (i) Streamlining is a technique to increase speed by reducing air-resistance.
(ii) Birds draw up their legs when in flight.
(iii) Modern cars, aeroplanes and bullet trains.
(iv) because they will offer as little resistance as possible to the wind.
(v) By cutting down the projections an ordinary building can be built on the principle of
streamlining.
4. Write the paragraph with the help of the given hints.
Speaking
5. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
1. shrieked
2. exclaimed
3. yelled
4. ordered
5. called
Lesson – 8 GROOMING OF A BOY
1. Who is an ideal man ?
2. What qualities in yourself are you proud of ?
3. What do your parents want you to be ?
[18]
Think and Write
1. A. (i) success
–
failure
(ii) highest
–
lowest
(iii) sweet
–
sour
(iv) strong
–
weak
(v) right
–
wrong
(vi) hero
–
scoundrel
(vii) friend
–
enemy
(viii) just
–
unjust
(ix) easy
–
difficult
(x) lose
–
win
B. (i) For every scoundrel there is a hero.
(ii) For every enemy there is a friend.
(iii) A dollar earned is of far more value than five found.
(iv) Teach him to ponder over the eternal mystery of birds.
(v) It is far more honourable to fail than to cheat.
(vi) Teach him to be gentle with gentle and tough with tough.
(vii) Teach him how to laugh when he is sad.
(viii) He should never put a price tag on his heart and soul.
(ix) He should stand and fight if he thinks he is right.
(x) Only the test of fire makes fine steel.
C. Selfish
: One who thinks only of himself is selfish.
Dedicated
: He is a dedicated teacher.
Howling
: Some animal was howling outside in the dark.
Cuddle
: She cuddled and kissed the child.
Impatient
: If you are impatient you cannot be a stuntman.
D. a. easiest to get defeated
b. delights or pleasures provided by books
c. follow a common path
d. make something saleable
e. very important
3. (i) Abraham Lincoln is writing the letter to his son’s teacher.
(ii) It means that if there is a bad man there is a good man to match him.
(iii) Even a small amount which we earn is of more value than anything of greater
value that we get free. Anything which we earn gives us confidence and satisfaction.
(iv) The secret of quiet laughter is innocence.
(v) The bullies are to be treated harshly and boldly.
(vi) He should do so to become a lover of nature.
(vii) It is better to fail than to succeed through unfair means.
(viii) No, it isn’t. Yes, I also believe that one should never cheat to pass.
(ix) It means we should be polite with those who are polite and impolite to those who are
impolite.
[19]
(x) He should beware of too much sweetness because than he would not be able to
swallow ‘bitterness’ in life.
(xi) Fire turns iron into steel. It means one becomes strong by undergoing hardships.
4. (i) The word ‘him’ stands for Lincoln’s son.
(ii) The father (Lincoln) wants his son (him) to learn to lose.
(iii) By losing one learns the value of success.
(iv) Success is not to be proud of when it is not earned.
(v) We should accept failure calmly. Only then can we know why we failed and how we
could succeed.
Speaking
Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
Write a paragraph with the help of the given poem.
Lesson – 9 THE LOUSE AND THE MOSQUITO
1. When is it unwise to be soft and gentle ?
2. When should we reject an offer ?
3. Why does a cunning person succeed when an innocent suffers ?
Think and Write
1. A.
(i) creep
–
weep
(ii) brood
–
food
(iii) bed
–
said
(iv) me
–
see
(v) quilt
–
silt
(vi) leap
–
creep
(vii) night
–
fight
(viii) lash
–
fast
B. Louse : sympathetic, meek, foolish
Mosquito : schemy, stubborn, merciless
C. Do it yourself.
2. (i) little
(ii) enormous
(iii) light
(iv) sons
(v) quietly
(vi) flew
(vii) royal
(viii) place
(ix) quilt
(x) mosquito
3. (i) The louse and her family led a quiet and comfortable life.
(ii) They drank the king’s blood only when he was fast asleep.
(iii) They lived undetected there because they bit the king painlessly and without
disturbing him, leaving no stain.
(iv) It led a comfortable life.
(v) The louse turned down the mosquito’s request because there was no place for it in
the royal bed. It feared the mosquito’s bite would disturb the king’s sleep, which
could be dangerous.
[20]
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
The mosquito wanted to drink the royal blood.
He was not honest because he had no intention to follow the louse’s advice.
The right time to bite the king was when he was having dream-filled, deep sleep.
The king shrieked and ordered for a search of the bed. The louse’s family got easily
detected and killed, while the hidden mosquito escaped.
(x) No, it was not.
(xi) We should not be excessively generous and hospitable.
4. (a) (i) The mosquito is the speaker. He is in the bed already.
(ii) He speaks to the louse.
(iii) His earlier request was turned down because the louse’s sense of possession.
(iv) He made his request on the plea that she could not be so inhospitable as not to
allow him just one bite.
(v) He is cunning.
(b) (i) The louse and her family members were all killed.
(ii) The mosquito was hidden in the canopy, which was not searched.
(iii) The king had ordered the killing because he had been bitten badly by the mosquito.
(iv) The phrase ‘without ado’ means ‘without delay’.
(v) No, he was not.
5. Write the story with the help of these hints :
l
a strange requested for a night’s halt
l
being hospitable, obliged
l
offered him food, a comfortable bed
l
said he would leave early
l
found many things missing from the roof
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
7. (i) Walk slowly lest you should fall.
(ii) Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
(iii) Tell her that he has come.
(iv) She walks as if she were a queen.
(v) He didn’t come because he was ill.
(vi) She is either foolish or very clever.
(vii) Amit is as honest as his brother.
(viii) He is sleeping while she is studying.
(ix) It rained after we had reached home.
(x) The sun is a planet but the moon is not.
Lesson – 10 THE MEANING OF MILKHA
1. Who is your favourite sportsperson ?
2. What makes him or her likeable ?
3. Which qualities are essential for becoming a great sportsperson ?
[21]
Think and Write
1. A.
B.
C.
2.
3.
[22]
a. barracks
–
buildings for housing soldiers
b. drafted
–
selected
c. eluded
–
slipped away from
d. perpetuate
–
eternalize
e. sepoy
–
an Indian soldier
Eluded
: He eluded his enemy easily.
Stamina
: Develop your stamina to be a good athlete.
Massacred
: A number of innocent people were massacred by the enemy.
Rashness
: The accidents often occur in rashness.
Patriot
: Subash Chander Bose was a thorough patriot.
(i) to be helpful in somebody’s need
(ii) till his death
(iii) the feeling of emptiness due to some painful experience
(iv) to have an internal fight between different ideas or emotions
(v) a moment when one feels totally depressed
a. Milkha Singh ran a race over half a century ago.
b. He was born in Kot Addu (now in Pakistan).
c. He studied in a mosque till class IV and then in a school in a remote village till
class VIII.
d. He walked bare footed on the hot, loose desert sands of Multan while going to
and from school.
e. This made his feet firm and developed his stamina, which proved to be useful to
him later as an athlete.
f. His brother helped others in reading or writing their letters or telegrams.
g. His dying father asked Milkha to run away to escape death.
h. He got a job as a sepoy in the army. He was to prepare himself for a long countryrace.
i. He won three Asian Games medals.
j. He would practise so hard that he would often faint due to exhaustion.
a. Milkha Singh developed his stamina during his school days. He faced death and
hunger but did not give in. To win the country-race he practised very hard
continuously, without bothering about rest or comfort.
b. His parents were illiterate but had a modern outlook. His father made Milkha’s
brother study till matric, a rare achievement then.
c. The words of his dying father and his defeat at the Olympics are the two things
which Milkha Singh can never forget even till now.
d. The author prepares us for Milkha Singh’s defeat by giving us an account of the
difficulties he had to face, and the hard work he put in to prepare himself for the
great event.
e. Milkha Singh could not win even a bronze medal at the 1960 Olympics because
he opened out too fast and then slackened his pace at the wrong moment.
4.
(i) He is Milkha Singh. He had been given the title of ‘The Flying Sikh’ by the then President of Pakistan, Ayub Khan.
(ii) It was a shattering moment for him as he could not realise his dream of planting
the Indians flag at the Olympics.
(iii) He continued to think of what went wrong with him during the race. He was
unable to forget or forgive himself for the defeat. It reveals his simplicity and
the greatness.
(iv) We Indian still feel that he was a new kind of hero in spite of his defeat.
(v) Milkha Singh now lives in Chandigarh. His son is Jeev Singh, the world famous
golfer. A film has been made on Milkha Singh’s life – ‘Bhag Milkha Bhag’.
Speaking
Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
a. an, a, a
b. a, a, the
c. An, a, a
d. The, the, the, an
e. An, a
Lesson – 11 THE BUDDHISTPARABLE
1. Do you see any old or blind man who needs help ?
2. In what we do you help any such man, or do you ignore him completely ?
3. What is our moral duty towards the old and the infirm ?
Think and Write
1. A.
1. Evil
–
Hurting somebody’s feelings is an evil deed.
2. Hell
–
Poor people suffer hell in real life.
3. Regions
–
Many regions in India have water shortage.
4. Infirm
–
We must support who are poor or infirm.
5. Agonies
–
He suffered agonies of remorse but it was too late.
B. LORD, GAZE, EARTH, HELL, REASON
C.
(i) evil
– virtue
(ii) life
– death
(iii) wicked
– good
(iv) old
– young
(v) hell
– heaven
(vi) infirm
– strong
2. (i) Because he stands for each one of us.
(ii) Yama lives in infernal regions. He is the king there.
(iii) The ‘messengers from heaven’ are the old and the infirm.
(iv) They are called ‘messengers’ as they are sent to remind one of one’s evil ways, for
which one has to suffer.
[23]
(v) They bring the message that one must change the evil ways before it is too late.
(vi) The man is called a ‘careless fool’ as he has paid no attention to the passing old and
the infirm and taken care to help them in any way.
(vii) Yama is angry with the man for he has ignored the ‘messengers’ from heaven.
(viii) The man would have escaped from pains and torments of the hell.
(ix) We must help the poor and the needy we encounter in our daily life.
(x) Because we are busy and selfish.
3. (i) The speaker is the man in the hell ?
(ii) He addresses Yama, the king of hell.
(iii) He is in a careless mood.
(iv) The old and the infirm can be found ‘everywhere on earth’.
(v) we ignore them because we are too busy or careless to pay any attention to such
people.
(vi) He suffer eternal torments in hell for our negligence towards the old and the infirm.
4. Write the diary entry with the help of these hints :
l
saw a blind old man trying to cross a busy road
l
no one cared to stop to give way
l
rushed to the man
l
helped him cross the road
l
blessed me for the good deed
Speaking
5. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
6. A. (i) wide
–
narrow
(ii) rich
–
poor
(iii) bloom
–
wither
(iv) presence
–
absence
(v) sweet
–
bitter
(vi) vanished
–
appeared
(vii) love
–
hatred
B. (i) sleep
(ii) getting
(iii) is coming (iv) has already arrived
(v) are reading ; is sleeping
(vi) had had (vii) likes
Lesson – 12 JULIUS CAESAR
1. Do you believe in superstitions ? Think of a superstitious belief.
2. Fear is the cause of many evil deeds. How ?
3. Who is a dictator ?
4. Is violence justified for democracy ?
Think and Write
1. A. (i) dictatorship
(iv) oligarchy
[24]
(ii) democracy
(v) plutocracy
(iii) aristocracy
B.
(i) pole star
(ii) a summer sea
(iii) a hog
(iv) a cat / monkey
(v) an empty bottle
(vi) a fox
(vii) a fish
C. (i) earth
– heaven
(ii) peaceful
– disturbed
(iii) coward
– brave
(iv) humble
– arrogant
(v) submissive
– defiant
(vi) proclaim
– whisper
(vii) fierce
– tame
3. (i) Julius Caesar is the powerful Roman General.
(ii) Calpurnia wants him to stay at home fearing that some calamity is going to happen
to him.
(iii) Caesar is about to go to the Senate where he is sure to be crowned.
(iv) His first reaction is that he does not believe them and he is going irrespective of
what she has seen or heard. He says he is not afraid of death as he is brave.
(v) Decius convinces him that what Calpurnia has seen in her dream does not indicate
his killing. Romans bathing in his blood shows that his vitality shall renew their
strength.
(vi) Caesar is requested to cancel the banishment of Cimber’s brother. It may be a
genuine request or an excuse, because the conspirators are sure that Caesar will
not change his orders.
(vii) Caesar turns down the request as he is not in the habit of changing his orders. He
is sure that he always does justice.
(viii) Caeser is killed with daggers by Cassius and other conspirators.
(ix) Caesar expresses his shocking surprise that his closest friend Brutus, too, has joined
his enemies.
(x) Mark Antony is Caesar’s true friend. He feels really pained over Caesar’s death.
(xi) The conspirators get defeated and killed.
4. (i) Caesar makes this comment when his wife asks him not to go to the Senate as she
fears for his life.
(ii) He makes the comment to tell his wife that like a true brave man he does not fear
death.
(iii) The timid people experience spiritual death whenever they withdraw from fight,
which they do many times in life.
(iv) The brave boldly faces death. They are unafraid to die.
(v) It seems to be a surprise to Caesar that Calpurnia’s dream of his death can be
interpreted to mean that he will rejuvenate the Romans with his vitality.
5. Write the paragraph with these hints :
l
a friend expected to be faithful
l
should be helpful and cooperative
l
should never side with the enemy
Speaking
6. Class Activity
[25]
Fun with Grammar
7. (i) was knitting
(iv) had slept
(vii) bit
(x) are running
(ii) will have
(v) were you ringing .....
(viii) fell
(iii) had rained
(vi) do not know
(ix) made
Lesson – 13 MIMI
1. In what ways does your mother take care of ?
2. How does she feel if you have pain or illness ?
3. What do you think of motherly love ?
Think and Write
1. A. Abyss
: a bottomless hole / void
Ecstasy
: feeling of extreme happiness
Fragile
: weak and delicate
Hurling
: throwing
Searing
: burning
B. 1. Abyss : A mere look into the abyss from the cliff was frightening.
2. Ecstasy : I was in ecstasy on learning the news of her arrival.
3. Fragile : This flower pot is fragile. Handle it with care.
4. Hurling : They were seen hurling stones at passers-by.
5. Searing : The dry leaves were still searing in the smoke.
C.
i. I thought that the child would get disturbed by the noise of my loud breathing.
ii. Death from which no one comes back.
iii. I am only physically alive but am mentally dead.
2. a. Mimi was born in 1982. She was 18 years old.
b. The big bouquet from the husband signified a sense of joy and gratitude.
c. It was the room in which Mimi was born.
d. The first three memories of Mimi are connected with her winsome smile, her beautiful
hair and her dance.
e. ‘The Dance of the Night Creatures’ and ‘Ma tuje salaam’.
f. Mimi was simple-hearted and wore her dress casually.
g. It was Mimi’s favourite.
h. When mother dipped Mimi in the sea at Digha Mimi cried in fear, “Bad Mother”.
i. Mimi’s words ‘bad mother’ were uttered in fear when she was dipped into sea water.
3. (i) Mimi lost her grip on her mother.
(ii) Her death had very painful effect on the mother.
(iii) Mother calls her ‘bad child’ after her death in contrast with Mimi’s words, ‘bad mother’,
uttered in fear years ago.
(iv) The little memories of the child and her faded T-shirt fill the author’s mind with
utter despair and anguish.
[26]
4.
1. I am very tired. I want to rest now.
2. The old man is now at rest in his grave.
3. You should not rest on us for all your needs.
4. I’ll work hard the rest of my life.
5. I rest in my parents for my future.
Speaking
5. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
6. a. I will be going out.
b. He will be helping me.
c. They will be going to Spain for their vacation.
d. Kamal will be coming to India in December with Ballu.
e. I will be baking the cake for Charlie and Chinnie.
7. a. sum-summer : Let us go on holiday in summer.
b. humour-humourless : A humourless teacher is not liked.
c. accept-acceptance : Do you need my acceptance to your proposal ?
d. possess - possession : The plot is in our possession.
e. cross - crossing : The accident occurred at railway crossing.
8. a. site
b. quite
c. raised
d. open
e. least
f. abroad
9. Rich and spicy
: Avoid rich and spicy food.
Rich and famous
: Nehru’s father was rich and famous.
Rich and poor
:
We make no distinction between rich and poor.
Happy and content
: Only a few people are happy and content these days.
Happily ever after
: They spent their life happily ever after.
10. Write the letter with the help of these hints :
l
want to make you a friend
l
a girl/boy of your own age
l
go to same school
l
interested in video games like you
l
many things to share
Lesson – 14 MAMA’S HANDS
1. Do you agree that mother is the most selfless person in the world ?
2. Think what your mother does for the family.
3. What can you do to make your mother feel proud ?
Think and Write
1. A.
B.
C.
you-too ; wood-cold ; barn-darn ; head-bed
waitin’, lovin’.
b
[27]
2.
(i)
(vi)
3. (i)
(ii)
(iii)
True
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False
True
(vii) True
(viii) False
(ix) True
(x) True
‘I’ is here the poet.
He noticed one day that his mother was hiding her rough dirty hands.
The other woman was beautiful, having soft and white hands. She was a rich woman
who had little work to do.
(iv) Mother felt ashamed and awkward.
(v) The poet is proud of his mother.
(vi) The rich women leading luxurious lives would never mend old jeans.
(vii) bringing wood for cooking, melting ice into water for the cattle, helping in the delivery
of calves, caring for the sick and the needy, etc.
(viii) The poet refers to other women to highlight the virtues of his own mother.
(ix) The poet’s mother is very hard working while the other rich women are not.
(x) She would be noticed and rewarded by the Lord because of her noble and selfless
deeds.
4. a. (i) The poet utters these words when he notices his mother hiding his rough and
ugly hands.
(ii) Mother feels ashamed of her hands while looking at the fair and soft hands of
another lady.
(iii) She leads a life of hard work and struggle.
(iv) Her hands are rough because of numerous domesic chores she does day in and
day out.
(v) Yes, he is.
b. (i) ‘They’ here refer to rich ladies who do not have to work at all.
(ii) ‘They’ never do household jobs because their servants do all the jobs for them.
(iii) These words are uttered by the poet to encourage and praise his mother who
feels ashamed of her rough hands.
(iv) His mother does all the household chores and takes care of all family members
and the cattle.
(v) The poet wants his mother to remember that her hands are ‘hands of love’. Her
selfless, noble deeds are sure to be noticed by God.
Speaking
Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
7. A.
B.
(i) was given
(ii) were bought
(v) were washed
(i) are sold
(ii) are disturbed
(iii) was taught
(iv) was attacked
(iii) is burnt
(iv) is cooked
(v) are repaired
[28]
Lesson – 15 A GIFT FOR CHRISTMAS
1. When do you give gifts ?
2. Do you value a gift by its price ? If not, what is it that you value ?
3. Give two reasons for which you give gifts to your friends or relatives.
Think and Write
1. A.
(i) taken
(ii) fallen
(iii) olden
(iv) straighten
(v) given
(vi) done
(vii) darken
(viii) awaken
(ix) wooden
B. (i) Christmas
(ii) dollar
(iii) husband
(iv) crying
(v) planet
(vi) possessions
(vii) jacket
(viii) package
C. Class Activity
2. A. (i) crying
(ii) standing
(iii) looking
(iv) looking
(v) offering
(vi) rolling
(vii) presenting
(viii) smiling
B. (i) Jim and Della had taken a furnished flat at $ 8 a week.
(ii) Cascade of brown refers to Della’s long hair.
(iii) Mme Sofronio deals in hair goods of all kinds.
(iv) Jim earns just $ 20 a week.
(v) Two possessions of James Dilingham Youngs were a gold watch and Della’s hair.
(vi) Jim’s present was a set of combs.
(vii) Della’s present was a platinum watch chain.
(viii) After hair-cut Della looked like a school boy.
(ix) Della had seen the combs in a Broadway window.
(x) The story ends on a note of surprise.
3. (i) Because she had not saved enough money to buy a nice Christmas present for her
husband.
(ii) to get some money to buy a present for her husband.
(iii) She got twenty dollars. She spent the money to buy a nice platinum watch-chain for
Jim.
(iv) Jim was confused and surprised. He only stared at Della.
(v) Jim offered a very expensive set of combs to Jim. It was rendered useless with Della’s
hair having been cut and sold off.
(vi) Della’s gift for Jim was a beautiful platinum watch-chain.
(vii) Christmas gifts which were exchanged between Jim and Della show their loving
and self-sacrificing nature.
(viii) Jim says it. It reveals that both the presents are useless to them for the time being.
(ix) Della is very fond of, and attached to, her husband.
(x) In love we must forget our own interests.
[29]
4.
(i) Della speaks these words when she finds Jim staring at her.
(ii) The fear in her mind was that Jim might not like her with her short hair.
(iii) She had cut and sold her long hair.
(iv) Jim’s confusing reaction on seeing her made her say these words.
(v) Jim reached normally and calmly later.
5. Write the lines with the hints given.
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
7. A. (i) The beggar said, “Give me alms.”
(ii) The driver said, “I want a day off.”
(iii) The mother said, “I am going to the temple.”
(iv) Roma Shukla said, “I am from Allahabad.”
(v) Hina said to her father, “Let me go on foreign tour.”
B. (i) Rama said that she would come to tea the next day.
(ii) He told me that I had helped his brother.
(iii) She remarked that we played hockey very well.
(iv) I told her that she was a foolish girl.
(v) He reminded me that he had often told me not to idle away my time.
Lesson – 16 THE FUN THEY HAD
1. Would you like to be taught at home and not at school ?
2. What do you enjoy coming to school ?
3. Suppose you had a mechanical teacher to teach, what would be your reaction ?
Think and Write
1. A. YELLOW; WORDS ; TELEBOOKS ; FUNNY ; SCREEN
B. (i) take on
(ii) take to
(iii) take up
(iv) take after
(v) take off
C. (i) still
– moving
(ii) same
– different
(iii) many
– few
(iv) funny
– serious
(v) sorrowfully
– gleefully
(vi) for a while
– always
(vii) smart
– dull
2. A. (i) Margie to Tom
(ii) Margie to Tom
(iii) Margie to Tom
(iv) Tom to Margie
[30]
(v) Margie to Tom
(vi) Mrs Jones to Margie
(vii) Margie to Tom
(viii) The County Inspector to Mrs Jones, Margie’s mother
(ix) Margie to Tom
(x) Tom to Margie
B. (i) Margie wrote in her diary, “Today Tommy found a real book”.
(ii) It was funny to read words that stood still.
(iii) Margie was eleven and hadn’t seen many telebooks.
(iv) The County Inspector smiled at Margie and gave her an apple.
(v) The Inspector said to Margie’s mother it is not the little girl’s fault.
(vi) My father knows as much as my teacher.
(vii) The teachers had a special building and all the kids went there.
(viii) If you do not like it, you do not like to read the book.
(ix) How could a man be a teacher ?
(x) Tommy looked at her with very superior eye.
3. (i) The book was very old, unused and neglected.
(ii) The words written in the book did not move like the words on the screen.
(iii) Margie was taught by a mechanical teacher situated at home.
(iv) Margie had started hating her school more than ever because she had been doing
worse and worse in her geography tests lately.
(v) The geography sector of Margie’s teacher was geared a little too quick for Margie.
(vi) The ‘old’ teachers taught in a special building the same thing to different students
whereas the mechanical teacher taught different things to different students at
their home.
(vii) A mechanical school taught according to the need and speed of each learner. However,
it was dull and boring.
(viii) Tommy is proud of his knowledge.
(ix) Margie is an innocent, intelligent and imaginative girl.
(x) The author is in favour of an old-world school.
4. (i) Marie uttered these words when Tommy referred to the real teacher in an old school.
(ii) She is surprised.
(iii) She has never been taught by a human teacher.
(iv) Her statement is correct in the context.
(v) A computer-like machine is Margie’s teacher.
(vi) She is not happy with her teacher.
(vii) She learns of an old-world school where the students would go and learn from a
human teacher.
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
7. A.
(i) a few, a little
(v) some, any
(ii) some, Any
(iii) Every, Each
(iv) That, Those
[31]
B.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
What a terrible news !
Speak no more. I am very disturbed.
“I would rather die”, she said, “than seek his help”.
“Where do you live ?” he asked.
Whatever is a right, I think.
When I was young, I played hockey.
When I was in Delhi, I went to India Gate, Qutab Minar, Chandni Chowk, Red
Fort, etc.
Lesson – 17 A TIGER IN THE HOUSE
1. Who is your pet ?
2. Name the animals which can be kept as a pet.
3. Why do people keep pets ?
Think and Write
1. A.
(i) tiger
– cub
(ii) lion
– cub
(iii) bull
– calf
(iv) frog
– tadpole
(v) butterfly
– caterpillar
(vi) whale
– calf
(vii) elephant
– calf
(viii) dog
– puppy
(ix) deer
– fawn
(x) cow
– heifer
B. (i) zoo
(ii) aviary
(iii) aquarium
(iv) kennel
(v) sty
(vi) stable
(vii) pen/byre
(viii) den
(ix) eyrie/aerie
(x) dovecot
C. (i) homely
(ii) prickly
(iii) worldly
(iv) yearly
(v) profitable
(vi) lovely
(vii) friendly
(viii) tasteful
(ix) youthful
(x) usable
2. A. (i) False
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) False
(v) False
(vi) True
(vii) False
(viii) True
(ix) True
(x) True
B. (i) knew
(ii) seen
(iii) was taken
(iv) was chained
(v) was pushed
(vi) was rushed
(vii) was offered
(viii) was delighted
(ix) was put
(x) was treated
3. (i) The tiger cub was discovered hiding among the roots of a banyan tree in the forest.
(ii) A monkey and a puppy.
[32]
(iii) His favourite amusement was to stalk anyone who would play with him.
(iv) Timothy rested on the sofa in the drawing-room. He felt comfortable there.
(v) Timothy had clean habits. He would scrub his face with his paws. He slept at night
in the cook’s quarters.
(vi) Timothy had to be chained as people were afraid of him.
(vii) The grandfather visited the zoo to see how Timothy was getting on.
(viii) Timothy received the grandfather in the zoo affectionaly.
(ix) That Timothy had died of pneumonia two months ago.
(x) That even a wild animal responds favourably to an affectionate gesture.
4. (i) ‘He’ is Timothy.
(ii) He died of pneumonia.
(iii) He had been stroking and slapping another tiger thinking it to be his Timothy.
(iv) He received the news with a terrible shock.
(v) He left the cage abruptly for fear of being attacked by the tiger.
l
strangely, all pets treat each other well
l
the cat takes delight in playing with the dog
l
the dog plays pranks with the cat
l
the parrot sits on the dog
l
no one is hostile to each other
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
7. (i) might
(ii) may
(iii) could
(iv) will
(v) daren’t
(vi) needn’t
(vii) could
(viii) should
(ix) must
(x) would
Lesson – 18 THE AILING PLANET: THE GREEN MOVEMENT’S ROLE
1. Did you ever think about the earth as a human being with its needs ?
2. How are we exploiting the earth ?
3. Overpopulation is the main cause of endless poverty. How ?
Think and Write
1. A. Class Activity
B. (ii) Dangerous Animal : Man has been called the most dangerous animal, perhaps
rightly so. Like any other animal it is merciless in exploiting and killing those
whom he considers harmful for his survival. But he is worse than any other
animal. He is destroying the things which are essential for his survival. He is
over-exploiting fisheries, forests, grasslands and croplands, thus blindly following
a self -destructive path.
(iii) Biological Systems : The earth’s four principal biological systems are : fisheries,
forests, grasslands and croplands. These four systems provide almost all the raw
materials for our industry. These are being over-exploited. Over-fishing is common.
[33]
Forests are being decimated for various human needs. The land is also overused.
All these practices have led to the shortage of raw material and to the global
warming causing many serious problems.
C. Casteism
: Our leaders have pepetuated casteism for their respective vote banks.
Decades
: India has progressed during the last few decades.
Environmental : We must pay more attention to the environmental problems.
Resources
: We should not over-use our natural resources.
Catastrophic
: Catastrophic floods in our state have caused tremendous loss of life.
2. (i) The Green Party was founded in 1972.
(ii) It signifies man’s callousness and cruelty.
(iii) Over-fishing, cutting of trees and exploiting of grasslands and croplands to the excess
are causing the depletion of the earth’s principal biological systems.
(iv) The problem of overpopulation is causing unemployment, shortages of foodgrains,
traffic snarls, housing problem, etc.
(v) Sustainable development means using natural resources in such a way as to effect
development without causing any irrepairable damage to them.
(vi) According to the author, catastrophic depletion means perpetual shortage that will
be difficult to make up in the future.
(vii) The author means to say that our supreme concern should be how to restore the
earth to its healthy state once again.
(viii) Our duty towards our planet is to stop overexploiting natural resources to make our
planet healthy.
3. (i) We have treated the earth as a non-living entity so far.
(ii) Our earth is now in an unhealthy state.
(iii) Its needs include proper nourishment and rest.
(iv) We can look after the earth’s needs by stopping over-exploiting of its principal
biological systems.
(v) We are harming our earth by the over-use of its biological systems.
(i) indiscrimate felling of trees harmful
(ii) leads to global warming
(iii) leads to soil erosion
(iv) causes natural catastrophes like floods, storms, etc.
Speaking
5. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
6. A. (i) to see
(ii) to live
(iii) to eat
(iv) to play
(v) to ring
(vi) to play
(vii) to err
(viii) to buy
(ix) to hear
(x) to let
B. (i) Forests are being decimated in poor countries.
(ii) The forests are being lost.
(iii) Our population is not being controlled.
(iv) Natural resources are being badly exploited.
(v) Our ethical obligations are now being realized.
[34]
Lesson – 19 THE THINGS THATHAVEN’T BEEN DONE BEFORE
1. Who is a person who leads ? Do you know any person who has led others to achieve
great things in life ?
2. What is called a beaten-track ?
3. What would you like to be – a leader or a follower ? Why ?
Think and Write
1. A.
The rhyme scheme in the second stanza is ababcdcd. The same rhyme scheme has
been followed in all the other stanzas.
B. (i) bore
(ii) fly
(iii) wrong
(iv) few
(v) lack
(vi) may
(vii) foe
(viii) doer
(ix) dark
(x) green
C. Adventurous People : bold, brave, aggressive, visionary
Non-adventurous People : timid, weak-hearted, passive, self-centred
2. (i) far-flung
(ii) bold
(iii) jeering
(iv) venture
(v) batter, bruised
(vi) pursued
(vii) flock
3. (i) One should aim at doing the things that have not been done before.
(ii) Columbus was an American explorer. He discovered America.
(iii) He pursued his goal ignoring all dangerous on the way.
(iv) He was doubted by his own crew.
(v) His crew were doubtful as they did not know where they were being led to.
(vi) Most of us follow the beaten-track.
(vii) Because only a few are bold and adventurous.
(viii) They chart out new paths for others.
(ix) No, they don’t.
(x) The poem tells us that we should be bold enough to take risks and do the tasks
which have never been attempted so far.
4. (i) ‘They’ are here non-adventurous persons - the followers.
(ii) They aim at doing known things.
(iii) They are in majority.
(iv) Because they are timid.
(v) I am not one of them. I want to do the things that are new and challenging.
5. Write the diary entry with the help of the given hints :
Speaking
6. Class Activity
Fun with Grammar
7. A. (i) see
(v) come
B. (i) playing
(v) smoking
(ii)
(vi)
(ii)
(vi)
go
cook
swimming
coming
(iii)
(vii)
(iii)
(vii)
touch
challenge
making
Walking
(iv)
(viii)
(iv)
(viii)
die ..... beg
cry
waiting
reading
[35]
Workbook-7
Lesson – 1 TOM WHITEWASHES A FENCE
1. What is wit ?
2. Who was the most witty person in Akbar’s court ?
3. Do you like or dislike a witty person ?
A. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B. 1.
7.
C. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
D. 1.
7.
E. 1.
7.
F. 1.
4.
7.
G. 1.
4.
7.
H. 1.
2.
3.
[36]
Gopal was a witty barber.
He became the king’s favourite because of his wit and intelligence.
The courtiers were jealous of him because the king would always agree with him.
He said that the king should say ‘No’ to whatever Gopal said, at least once, to see if he
could then solve any of his problem.
The king decided to try what he was told to do.
Gopal realized that something wrong was going on.
He requested the king to give his courtiers five hundred gold coins each.
The courtiers became sad when the king said ‘No’.
They realized their mistake when the king said ‘No’ to Gopal’s proposal of giving a
plot of land to each of them.
We should overcome any difficulty with our wit and intelligence.
witty
2. agreed
3. giggling
4. saying
5. reward
6. coins
said / thought
Get down : Did you get his address down.
Get on : He is getting on well at school.
Get along : Do you get along with your boss ?
Get away : Thieves got away with a lot of cash.
Get nowhere : This plan will get us nowhere.
carelessly 2. simply
3. admitted
4. offered
5. referring 6. grammar
writing
where’s
2. can’t
3. couldn’t
4. I’ll
5. I’m
6. I’ve
I’d
8. Let’s
9. That’s good
how to do it
2. in the west
3. at the bus stand
because he was ill
5. who work hard
6. of iron
When it rained
to the theatre
2. for me
3. on the shelf
in the cage
5. along the hedges
6. into a ditch
of silver
went to bed
is certain
in blue dress
4. did she arrive than
5. she decided to end her life
6. was made of silver
7. when the earthquake occurred
8. you would have succeeded
9. he will not help you
10. I was watching TV
I. 1. Adjective
2. Noun
J. Class Activity
3. Adverb
4. Verb
Lesson – 2 ULYSSES AND THE CYCLOPS
1. Write two main qualities of a true friend.
2. Whom would you prefer – a true friend or a relative ?
3. When is friendship tested ?
A. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The monkey lived on a jamun tree.
He offered some jamuns to the crocodile.
The crocodile carried some jamuns home.
He had an evil-minded wife.
She wailed bitterly because she wanted to persuade her husband to bring the monkey
there so that she could eat his heart.
6. The crocodile turned down her request as the monkey was his good friend.
7. He accepted her request as he did not want her to die.
8. He invited the monkey to lunch at his home and thus succeeded in bringing the
monkey with him.
9. The monkey managed to escape saying that his heart was on the tree.
10. The crocodile was foolish and credulous.
B. 1. (a)
2. (c)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (a)
6. (a)
7. (c)
C. WIFE, HEART, SWEET, CROCODILE, MONKEY
D. Class Activity
E. 1. since
2. for
3. since
4. for
5. for
6. for
7. for
F. 1. Extravagant
2. Bilingual
3. Baton
4. Infantry 5. Cavalry
6. Telescope
7. Kernel
G. 2. They have many daughter-in-laws.
3. The leaves turned their colour.
4. The babies have been sleeping for long.
5. These mangoes cost five rupees.
6. The photos looked very old.
7. What are in the boxes ?
[37]
H. 2. This is the boy’s school.
3. The King’s crown tumbled down.
4. Where is the poet Tagore’s house ?
5. Let us read Wordsworth’s and Keat’s poems.
6. We last met at Jo and Tom’s bakery.
7. Let us salute India’s heroes.
I. 1. Shout for help.
2. Run after the thief.
3. Ask your father to report the matter to the police.
J. Class Activity
THE SNAIL
Lesson – 3
1. What would you do if your destination is quite near but you feel too tired to walk ?
2. What is required to overcome obstacles in life ?
3. Which is better-physical strength or mental power, or both ?
A. 1. (a)
2. (c)
3. (b)
4. (a)
5. (c)
B. 1.
2.
3.
4.
The travellers have two miles yet to cover.
That the darkness will descend in an hour.
Calm and silent atmosphere is there.
The speaker is hopeful to reach their destination as there is still light to guide their
way and the weather is pleasant.
5. The travellers can sit and relax on the roots of a tree.
6. Nature is looked upon as a friend.
7. There is no one else but the travellers in the glade.
8. The speaker is tired only physically but his spirit is full of zest.
9. Energy which the speaker had spent once.
10. Reaching the destination is the uppermost in the speaker’s mind.
C. (a) There is total calm and loneliness.
(b) The dew drops spread are quite comforting.
(c) Important purpose or goal.
D. 1. best, west
2. may, say
3. good, should
4. beat, wheat
5. wound, hound
6. best, test
7. flee, glee
E. 1. Interrogative
2. Interrogative 3. Exclamatory
4. Imperative
5. Assertive / Declarative
6. Interrogative
7. Assertive /Declarative
8. Assertive/Declarative
9. Imperative
10. Assertive/Declarative
F. 1. The seat
2. a snake
3. the girl is !
G. 1. the weather is
2. weather it is
3. are ruined
4. are here at last
5. you are
6. has won
7. live long
H. 1. grave
2. readable
3. wonder
4. anger
5. hurl
I. Class Activity
J. Class Activity
[38]
Lesson – 4 COURAGE
1. Who is a courageous person ?
2. Do you fear a stray dog or a cockroach ?
3. Do you fear to go in the dark ?
4. How should we overcome our fears ?
A. 1. The usual practice with the swimmers is to start the swim in total darkness before the
day dawns.
2. Mihir Sen had to face extreme heat of the sun and frequent thirst.
3. He was told that he was eight miles off the Indian coast.
4. The sea became stormy in the evening.
5. Lt. Martis saved his life from a large sea snake.
6. He moved on in the choppy sea through sheer will-power.
7. The rising storm made it difficult for the escorting boats to be near him.
8. Lt. Martis guided him from the escort boat or by swimming ahead of him.
9. The gun fire was frequent because of the snakes that continued to appear threatening
his life.
10. By 3 am he could see his destination, but it was not near.
B. 1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. True
C. 1. unnerving
2. continuous
3. interesting
4. exhausting
5. amazing
6. disappointed 7. blazing
D. 1. retain
2. keep
3. found
4. discovered
5. wealthy
6. rich
E. 1. remain in good condition in spite of hard wear
2. moved to one side
3. ready for action
4. refuse to change
5. represents
6. to be easily seen
7. supervise or watch
F. 2. truth
3. pride
4. sanity
5. ignorance
Sentence
1. Strength : Physical strength is needed to carry these logs there.
2. Truth : Mahatma Gandhi preached truth and non-violence.
3. Pride : Pride hath a fall.
4. Sanity : Many young men have lost their sanity these days.
5. Ignorance : He showed disrespect to you in ignorance.
G. 1. Can you tell me the ownership of this house ?
[39]
2. I have experienced many hardships in life.
3. What is your relationship with him ?
4. Any kind of tension is bad.
5. They all ran away in confusion.
6. In conclusion, we can say life is unpredictable.
7. The expansion of this house is not possible.
8. I need your assistance in this job.
9. Send me the acceptance letter.
10. The teacher did not take attendance.
H. 1. adjective, verb and noun.
2. to help you.
3. to arrive at 5 pm.
4. Northbound is a compound word.
5. ‘bind’
I. Class Activity
Lesson – 5 HE WAS A MAN OF THE TREES
1.
2.
3.
4.
A. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B. 1.
6.
C. 1.
6.
D. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
[40]
Have you ever planted a tree ?
Cutting trees is bad for us. How ?
What do trees give us ?
Trees are like human beings. How ?
The woodcutter went to the forest to chop some wood.
The birch tree said that it was still young.
The oak tree said that he was yet to mature.
An ash tree, a maple tree and an older tree.
The woodcutter was a kind-hearted person.
That they did not want to be killed.
He was the guardian angel of the forest.
He gave the woodcutter a magic wand as a reward for sparing the trees.
He was delighted as all his problems had come to an end.
That trees are like human beings.
chop
2. not
3. cruel
4. moved
5. old
given
7. delighted
moment
2. happily
3. spared
4. destroy
5. choice
walked
7. guardian
8. smiled
9. magic
10. problems
lowered
–
raised
merciful
–
cruel
fade
–
bloom
wicked
–
noble
decay
–
mature
E. 1. accept
2. Except
3. affect
4. effect
5.
6. canvass
7. compliment
8. complement 9. stationary 10.
F. 1. his
2. our
3. you
4. yours
5.
6. me
7. they
8. I
9. she
10.
G. 1. that
2. what
3. who
4. which
5.
6. who
7. whom
8. that
9. whose
10.
H. us, her, I, his
I. 1. Who/Whom 2. What
3. whom
4. Which
5.
6. Whose
7. Who
J. Class Activity
K. Write the essay on, ‘Save Water Save Life’ with the following hints :
l
water – an elixir on life
l
no life without water
l
waste water in many ways
l
wastage must be checked
l
harvesting of rain water
canvas
stationery
her
him
that
that
Which
Lesson – 6 HOW TO TELL WILD ANIMALS
1. Some poems and stories are quite irrational. Why are they written ?
2. What do you think of fairy or ghost tales – are they rational ?
3. Non-sense verse is written with only one purpose in view. What is that ?
A. 1.
2.
3.
4.
Duck finds endless hopping as something appreciative in the Kangaroo.
Her desire was to have a ride on Kangaroo’s back.
She requested the Kangaroo to give her a ride.
Kangaroo’s objection was that he might catch ‘roomitz’ (a disease) if he let her ride on
his back as she was very wet and cold.
5. The Duck had brought with her four pairs of worsted socks.
6. She would wear socks to keep her feet dry.
7. The Kangaroo warned her against moving.
8. The Kangaroo and the Duck hopped the world three times round.
9. Hyperbole
10. The poet is in humorous mood.
B. (a) The Duck is the speaker.
(b) The speaker wants to explore the world beyond her home.
(c) The Kangaroo is spoken to.
C. Duck : adventurous, bold, soft spoken
Kangaroo : friendly, rational, cautious
D. 1. stop
–
start
2. long
–
short
3. bold
–
timid
[41]
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
4. cold
–
hot
5. true
–
untrue
6. follow
–
lead
7. steady
–
unsteady
1. are
2. is
3. waits
4. am
5. is
6. has
7. is
8. were
9. do
10. has
1. little
2. The little
3. A little
4. The little
5. A little
6. A little
7. little
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
greedy
greedier
greediest
clever
cleverer
cleverest
old
older
oldest
rich
richer
richest
fine
finer
finest
able
abler
ablest
heavy
heavier
heaviest
little
less
least
bad
worse
worst
good
better
best
merry
merrier
merriest
1. double-dealer : a dishonest person
2. double-blind : difficult to choose
3. double-check : check with great care
4. double-bluff : an act of trying to deceive others
5. double-chin : fold of fat below the chin
6. double-dutch : non-sense speech or writing
7. double-breasted : a coat or jacket, made so that one part at the front comes across the
other part
Write the account using these hints :
l
amused to see all those who come
l
the old persons in the morning – long walk, do yoga, etc.
l
some rickshaw pullers at noon – take rest
l
some come here to gamble
l
in the evening – great rush : children play, the young have a leisurely walk, chat
and giggle ...... .
Lesson – 7 STREAMLINING
1. Name two old means of communication.
2. Name two popular modern means of communication.
3. What would happen if you had no means of communication ?
[42]
A. 1. The news travelled very slowly in the past.
2. It was as fast as a horse could gallop.
3. The Romans built signal stations to send their messages.
4. The people of Spain and France copied them.
5. Samuel F. B. Morse and Sir Charles Wheatstone.
6. The invention of telephone led to the new era of communication.
7. Jagdish Chander Bose and Guglielmo Marconi.
8. Email is the fastest mode of communication.
9. The mobile phone and the Internet are the fast modes of communication.
10. It is important for human progress and prosperity.
B. 1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
C. Class Activity
D. 2. Go against : How could you go against your own interests ?
3. Go ahead : Go ahead ! Your plan is excellent.
4. Go along : Things are going along nicely.
5. Go at : They went at each other angrily.
6. Go beyond : Profits have gone beyond our expectations.
7. Go down : Many people died when the boat went down.
E. 1. destroyed
2. knelt
3. ran
4. reduced
5. impressed
6. wept
7. made
F. Positive
Past
Past Participle
Present Participle
1. get
got
got
getting
2. lead
led
led
leading
3. lay
laid
laid
laying
4. let
let
let
letting
5. drive
drove
driven
driving
6. break
broke
broken
breaking
7. flee
fled
fled
fleeing
8. kneel
knelt
knelt
kneeling
9. bring
brought
brought
bringing
10. draw
drew
drawn
drawing
G. Class Activity
H. Write the interview with your grandfather with the help of these hints :
l
What did the telegram mean in your days ?
l
Which telegram made you panicky ?
l
How many telegrams did you send, and on what occasion ?
I. Write the paragraph with these hints :
l
Telegraph offices in India closed forever on 15th July, 2013.
l
On the last day huge rush of people.
l
Many telegrams were sent as souvenirs.
l
2000 telegrams were sent from Delhi alone.
l
Many old people became emotional.
[43]
Lesson – 8 GROOMING OF A BOY
1. Do your parents write you letters ?
2. What advice do you get regarding your future life ?
3. Do you relish their advice ? Do you act upon it ?
A. 1. We often feel doubtful as to what is right and what is not.
2. No, it is not easy.
3. If you have any desire to hide anything, that means that thing is wrong, and you
should avoid doing that.
4. Hiding anything is bad because it means you are ashamed of doing it.
5. ‘We’ here refers to the freedom fighters.
6. Nehru’s advice to Indira is never to do anything secretly.
7. She would grow up as a fearless, calm and quiet person.
8. She is fortunate in the sense that she is a witness to the great struggle for freedom.
9. Indira could find in her mother a trustworthy friend.
10. Nehru was an open - hearted, frank and bold person who was proud of being an
Indian freedom fighter.
B. 1. easy
2. secret
3. which
4. witness
5. friend
C. 1. grow apart
–
stop having a close relationship with
2. grow away
–
gradually to have a less close relationship
3. grow into
–
become something gradually
4. grow on
–
become attractive
5. grow out of
–
become too big to wear
Sentences
2. grow apart : Each one of us grows apart from old school friends.
3. grow away : In America children start growing away from their parents soon.
4. grow into
: She is growing into a lovely woman.
5. grow on
: His music grows on us.
6. Grow out of : She has grown out of her clothes now.
D. A. 2. carefully
3. sadly
4. wonderfully
5. kindly
6. politely
7. beautifully
8. cleverly
B. 2. happily
3. noisily
4. luckily
E. 1. usually
2. never
3. often
4. soon
5. totally
6. recently
7. always
F. 1. here
2. outside
3. outdoors
4. outside, inside
5. there
G. 2. luckily
3. generally
4. naturally
5. personally
6. frankly
7. unbelievably
H. Class Activity
[44]
Lesson – 9 THE LOUSE AND THE MOSQUITO
1. Do you remember any person who cheated you with wrong advice or suggestion ?
2. Do you follow anyone blindly ?
3. What should one do before acting upon a piece of advice ?
A. 1.
B. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
D. 1.
E. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
F. (i)
(c)
2. (c)
3. (c)
4. (b)
5. (b)
The frog was surprised because the nightingale sang very sweetly.
He introduced himself as the owner of the tree.
He claimed to be a great singer and critic. No, he was not.
He started training the nightingale to exploit her talent and earn money.
The nightingale readily agreed to be trained by the frog.
Her songs were very well-received.
Because her voice gradually lost its sweetness.
Because the attendance at her concerts had fallen and so had the ticket collection.
The nightingale died by bursting one of her veins.
We should not blindly follow anyone.
Melody
: Lata is the queen of melody.
Croak
: Frogs croak in rainy season.
Critic
: A good critic is always objective.
Concert
: Did you attend Gurdas Man’s concert in Chandigarh last month ?
Cunning
: The fox is a cunning animal.
cease
2. cunning
3. melodious
4. denied
5. miss
rain cats and dogs – rain heavily.
it (all) boils down to – it means in short.
iron out differences – resolve differences.
leave well alone – break one’s relations.
mind one’s p’s and q’s – be careful about what one says or does.
to split hairs – make distinctions that are too small to be of value.
wash one’s hands of – not to interfere with something.
(a) Mother and Father are at home.
(b) He tried to lift the heavy weight, but he could not.
(c) He must do what I say, or he will be dismissed.
(d) I work harder than my sister.
(e) We neither went to bed nor let them sleep.
(f) Drive very carefully because the road is covered with ice.
(ii) (a) I sat down as I was completely exhausted.
(b) This house is large and airy.
(c) I am taller than you.
(d) You must start at once because you are already late.
(e) He came, though he was reluctant.
[45]
(f) He ran fast so that he might not miss the train.
(g) Leander lost the match, though he tried his best.
(h) The goats are grazing, but the sheep are not.
(i) Concentrate, or go out of my class.
(j) He is a handsome boy, though he is lame.
G. (i) Vidya can act, though she cannot sing.
Vidya can act ; however, she cannot sing.
Vidya can act, only she cannot sing.
(ii) I shouted at her because I was angry.
I should at her for I was angry.
As I was angry I shouted at her.
H. (i) noun, adjective and verb
(ii) singular
(iii) backside
(iv) the lower part of a ship below the surface of the water
(v) Countable Noun
I. 1. In fact, they are all honest, sincere and hardworking.
2. Apples, bananas and pears are fruits.
3. I said, “I am very poor in English”.
4. “Why did you come so late ?” the teacher asked.
5. “I think”, he said, “you must do it again”.
6. “My father is sleeping”, I think.
7. “Where are you ? I need your help”, he shouted.
J. Class Activity
Lesson –10 THE MEANING OF MILKHA
1. Who is an athlete ?
2. What makes a player great ?
3. Name two great Indian players who had won Olympic medals.
A. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
[46]
Usain St. Leo Bolt.
He was born in Jamaica.
His parents ran a grocery shop.
He ran distant races.
He loved sports days.
He became his school’s fastest runner in the 100 metre distance race.
By hiding behind a van when he should have been practising.
He made his first world appearance in 2001.
He is regarded as the fastest person ever.
He won four Olympic gold medals.
B. 1. a, The
2. a, a
3. The, the
4. a
5. a
6. an, a
7. the
8. An, a
9. The, the
10. The, the
C. 1. An
2. A
3. A
4. An
5. The
6. The
7. ×
8. ×
9. ×
10. A
D. (A) the (B) The, the (A) the (B) the, the
E. (a) An old beautiful glass vase.
(b) A valuable Indian postage stamp.
(c) A small wooden coffee table.
(d) A black kitchen metal chain.
(e) An attractive wall mirror.
F. 1. a sandwich
2. a boy
3. an apple, an egg
4. an auto, an umbrella
5. an urn
G. (a) “Help ! Help !” cried Mrs Golfish, as she ran down Park Street on Wednesday morning.
(b) “How do you do ?” Mr Brown asked, ever so politely, and Mrs White replied, “How do
you do ?” smiling shyly.
(c) I need a new dress, a new handbag, a new pair of brown shoes, a pair of dark glasses
and a pair of new gloves for Christmas.
(d) “Bhatinda ! I’ve been to Paris”, said Mrs Singh, freezing me with her haughty, cold
look.
(e) Harry Potter ! Harry Potter ! I’m heartily sick of hearing this name. What happened
to my Enid Blyton and Roald Dahl ?
(f) Homer’s Iliad is an epic I have yet to read.
(g) Alas ! We have failed the test.
(h) Come on ! The train is moving. Give me your hand.
(i) “May I come in, please ?” Dinesh asked.
(j) “Rochelle, I am going to new market to buy strawberries and cream,” Mother told her.
H. Write a paragraph with the help of these hints :
l
a girl child not a liability.
l
can be a better support for parents.
l
not weak in any sense.
l
can achieve anything in life.
Lesson –11 THE BUDDHIST PARABLE
1. What do you mean by love of humanity ?
2. How can we help the needy ?
3. How can we get God’s blessings ?
A. 1.
2.
3.
4.
The poet prays for the increase of the class of people like Abou Ben Adham.
Abou saw an angel writing something in a golden book.
He asked what he was writing.
The angel told him that he was writing the names of those who love God.
[47]
5. Abou asked him to write his name as one who loved his fellow men.
6. The next night the angel appeared again. He showed Abou the names of those who
were blessed by God.
7. It was surprising that Abou Ben Adham’s name was on the top.
8. Abou Ban Adham was a very humble, God-loving person.
9. We should love and respect all human beings, rich or poor, high or low.
10. Yes. It has a good message to convey.
B. 1. awoke
2. was
3. Abou
4. writing the names of those
5. great wakening
C. 1. fees
2. hold
3. below
4. when
5. fight
D. (i)
E. 1. costs
2. go
3. leads
4. opens
5. have
6. keeps
7. love
F. 1. is shutting
2. is feeding
3. is spending 4. are running 5. is cooking
6. am going
7. is sending
G. 1. has shrunk
2. has struck
3. have eaten 4. has rung
5. has told
6. has just arrived
7. have learnt
H. (b) The road is not dirty.
Is the road dirty.
(c) We do not get up at 6.
Do we get up at 6 ?
(d) She does not like us.
Does she like us ?
(e) You do not know him.
Do you know him ?
I. 1. cash box
2. cash cow
3. cash desk
4. cash bar
5. cash card
6. cash crop
J. Write the letter with the help of these hints :
l
want to make you my friend
l
great fan of yours
l
have watched all your matches
l
play cricket at the state level
l
want to be as good a batsman as you
Lesson –12 JULIUS CAESAR
1. The crowd is unpredictable. Do you agree ?
2. Should we be taken in by the praise of the common people ?
3. Fame and reputation are not forever. How ?
A. 1. The patriot was welcomed warmly with roses a year ago.
2. He was honoured for his grand victory.
3. A very large number of people stood on house roofs to watch him.
[48]
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
They would have done their best to meet his demands.
Because he recalls his days of glory.
He finds only a few old, diseased persons at the windows.
They have gone to the Shambles’ Gate or to the very place where he is to be hanged.
He is being treated as a criminal.
Because people are throwing stones at him.
Yes, I feel pity for him. His bad deeds should be forgiven. If it is not possible, at least
he deserves a better treatment.
B. 1. in excess ; passionately
2. The old walls shook violently under the weight of great crowd.
3. Mere words do not attract or move me.
4. the sun from that sky (anything impossible).
5. went beyond my capacity to win a victory.
C. Yes, the poet uses the same rhyme scheme, ababa, in other stanzas.
D. Crowd : fickle-minded, emotional, irrational, indisciplined
E. 1. polite handshake
2. instant coffee
3. spicy chutney
4. cooking vessels
5. melting butter
6. cool drink
7. nice weather
F. slouching, strolling, marching, striding, creeping, trekking
(i) (a) A cold breeze blew ......... .
(b) Our team won ........ .
(c) I drank tea ......... .
(d) They forgot what they learnt.
(e) The girls slid and fell .......... .
(f) Tina hit kate, and then walked out.
(g) Mother got up early, lit the fire and put the water to boil.
(h) I wrote the letter, posted it but forgot to paste ...... .
(i) The boys flew their kites while the girls played.
(j) My sister and I fought all the time and Grandpa tried to bring ....... .
(ii) (a) was reading
(b) was watching
(c) was crying
(d) were swimming
(e) was playing, was making
(f) were playing
(g) was crying
(h) was stealing
(i) was laying
(j) was setting
(iii) (a) The sky had grown dark.
(b) I had saved ........... .
(c) Eric had brought ........... .
(d) The bird had flown .......... .
(e) I had heard ........... .
[49]
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(iv) 2.
I had forgotten ......... .
She had hidden ........ .
Jason had swum .......... .
The peon had rung ........... .
Dina had sung .......... .
Hilda was not pleased.
Was Hilda pleased ?
3. The house was not sold.
Was the house sold ?
4. They were not worried.
Were they worried ?
5. It was not a new iPad.
Wat it a new iPad ?
6. He was not very sorry.
Was he very sorry ?
G. 1. has broken
2. died
3. met
4. have met
5. have risen
6. have done
7. have achieved
8. wore
9. have driven
10. was surprised
H. Class Activity
I. (i) Write the report with the given hints.
(ii) Write the letter with these hints :
l
A stranger knocked at our door.
l
It was almost midnight.
l
Had forgotten his way.
l
Needed shelter as it was very cold outside.
l
Mother took pity, gave him a bed to sleep.
l
Found many things missing, including the stranger !
Lesson –13 MIMI
1. Who is a teenager ?
2. How is a teenager often treated ?
3. How would you like to be treated as a teenager ?
A. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
[50]
The speaker is a teenager.
She is thirteen.
The years from thirteen to nineteen are called teenage.
She would not be treated as a child.
Because then nobody criticised her.
It is not fair to be treated as a child when one has grown up because it seems
awkward to be treated so.
(g) Because her mother asks her to be careful of cars when she drops her to school.
(h) “People still pull my cheeks,
And mess up my hair”.
(i) ‘These’ means here many incidents when the speaker has not been treated as an
adult.
(j) The poet wants everyone to understand that she is now an adult and can take care
of himself.
B. (a) thirteen : everything would change
(b) teenager ; Babyhood seems like a
(c) Makes me so sick
(d) parents ; relatives and neighbours ; understand ; endeavours
(e) treating me ; little lady.
C. 1. will help
2. will rain
3. are going to show
4. will do
5. will explain
6. begins/will begin 7. will get
D. 1. is going to meet
2. is going to rain
3. am going to paint
4. is going to collapse
5. are going to increase
6. is going to invite
7. going to return
8. Are you going to study
9. going to do
10. is going to attend
E. 1. shall reach
2. will settle
3. will leave/leaves
4. will turn
5. will be sitting
6. will have set
7. will have been studying
F. 1. “When are you coming back ?” Mother asked.
2. India is cooperating with all her neighbours, but in vain.
3. The teacher told us about three things : air pollution, water pollution and noise
pollution.
4. “ I don’t know what you want”, she said, and left.
5. “Come here, you fool. We want to help you”, thou shouted.
G. 2. (5)
3. (4)
4. (7)
5. (4)
H. Class Activity
I. Write the letter with the given hints.
Lesson –14 MAMA’S HANDS
1. Think of your mother. Why is she so special to you ?
2. Mention a few tasks she does for you everyday.
3. How can you show your love for her ?
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The speaker in this poem is a girl.
It may be : Her Hands or My Mama’s Hands
The poem is about motherly love and care.
It means ‘birth’.
[51]
5. The ‘hurts’ referred to here means sufferings or humiliations in life about which
the speaker had not mentioned to her mother.
6. ‘Stars’ here means goals.
7. Mother encouraged her child to attain the goals by facilitating her way.
8. When the child would attain the goal the same hands of Mother would clap in
appreciation.
9. Yes, I do.
10. I smile and hug my mother.
B. 1. Because now she is old and weak.
2. She feels beholden to her mother for everything she has done for her.
3. She appreciates all that Mother’s hands have done for her.
4. The poet says that what she is today is all because of her Mother.
C. 1. ran across : I ran across my schoolmate Sudha in MBD Mall today.
2. run at : They run at each other furiously.
3. run away : Why did you run away on seeing me ?
4. run down : The battery has run down.
5. run through : Should we run through our lines now ?
6. runway : The plane is now ready to take off from the runway 1-B.
7. run-of-the-mill : It turned out to be a run-of-the-mill film.
D. 1. By
2. By, by
3. To
4. To
5. In
6. Under
7. Off
Sentences
1. You will not succeed if you work by fits and starts.
2. I will get this job by hook or by crook.
3. It is not good to feather your nest using our goodwill.
4. Nobody likes her as she is in the habit of splitting hairs.
5. This policy will bear fruit in the long run.
6. I don’t like to work under anybody’s nose.
7. You seem a little off colour today.
E. Class Activity
F. 1. More than 100 eggs of dinosaur have been discovered.
2. The new bus stand will be opened for public tomorrow.
3. Twenty jay- walkers were arrested yesterday for stopping the CM’s convoy.
Thinking Skills
G. Suggested answers : 4, 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 7
H. Class Activity
Lesson –15 A GIFT FOR CHRISTMAS
1. When is Christmas celebrated ?
2. What is the usual custom of Christians on this day ?
3. In what spirit should we celebrate Christmas or any other sacred day ?
[52]
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
6.
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Scrooge was greedy, selfish and churlish.
The purpose of his life was to earn more and more money.
He treated everyone with disdain.
Belle was his beloved. She left him because of his greedy and selfish nature.
Scrooge dismissed Christmas as ‘humbug’.
He is shocked to see his own dead body, unattended in a dream.
The ghost says that the dead body is unattended because the dead man had left no
friend behind him.
Scrooge decides to change himself.
He atones for his past mistakes by becoming a devout Christian.
He begins to exchage gifts and help others.
True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False
unfeeling
– pitiable
eventually – initially
spread
– contract
merry
– sad
raise
– lower
theory
2. directory
3. mockery
4. treachery
5. category
boundary 7. satisfactory
8. crockery
9. laboratory 10. confectionary
said
2. told
3. said
4. said
5. told
She said that she wanted some money.
He remarked that he was going.
We announced that we had done our homework.
John told us that he had lied to the police.
The teacher said that water boils at 100°C.
Mr Sharma said, “I have a lot of work”.
Oona said, “ I have drawn a lion”.
Puja said, “I can run fast”.
Ivan says, “I am always ready to help”.
Mrs. Puri says, “A sunset is better than a sunrise”.
The gardener said, “I am weeding the garden”.
Kajal said, “I am going to the library”.
Vineet said, “I am leaving early”.
Divya said, “We are going to the film festival”.
Lalit said, “Father is dropping me to school”.
Kavita said that she was a teenager.
Harsh requested Father to give him his pocket money.
Farukh asked Vinay to come to him.
The boys announced that they would be back late.
Lata told Mem Sa’ab that her work was done.
Mohit asked how he should switch off the geyser.
[53]
7. The teacher told Jenny to come in.
8. The student asked politely if he might drink some water.
9. The teacher requested the students not to talk during the Founder’s Day Programme.
10. The Principal instructed the class to stand up before speaking to the teacher.
J. Class Activity
K. Class Activity
Lesson –16 THE FUN THEY HAD
1. Do you know a number of children do not go to school ? Why ?
2. What do these children do ?
3. How can we help these children ?
A.
1. Rahul was an orphan boy who was engaged in bangle-making profession.
2. He was doing the job of bangle-making in the dark.
3. No, he was not. There were five other boys of his age doing the same work as he
does.
4. He was not happy as he recalled his childhood days filled with fun and amusement.
5. A year ago his parents died in an accident.
6. He had to give up his studies forever because there was no one to support him.
7. Mukesh and Sandeep were his best friends.
8. They would walk to school together, in high spirits, observing everything on the
way.
9. They would play cricket and many fun games.
10. Rahul was in a sad, reflective mood.
B. 1. wiped
2. time
3. awakened
4. fun-games
5. rainy
6. parents
7. took
C. 1. many
2. accident
3. school
4. bangle
5. accompany
D. 1. Many : There were many women in the hall.
2. Accident : His father died in a road accident.
3. Bangle : She lost one of her gold bangles.
4. Accompany : I will accompany my father to the meeting.
E. 1. tea-leaves
2. office worker 3. life-saving
4. homework
5. match-box
6. book-shelf
7. sunbath
F. 1. eligible, illegible
2. gracious, graceful
3. lovely, lovable
4. council, counsel
5. descent, dissent
G. 1. a, the
2. This
3. a, an
4. some, many
5. much
6. few
7. some
8. any
9. Some/Many
10. The
[54]
H. 1. NA
2. NA, a
4. The
5. The
7. The, a
I. 1. nearly
: informal
2. meddlesome
: formal
3. teachress
: outdated
4. falicitations
: formal
5. thou
: outdated
6. crock
: outdated
J. Class Activity
K. Write the essay with the help of these hints :
l
compassion means sympathy
l
should be compassionate to the poor and the ready
l
can do a few things
l
help your servant / maid
l
give a beggar some job to do
3. NA
6. NA, a
Lesson –17 A TIGER IN THE HOUSE
1. How would you feel if you are confined to your bathroom for a day ?
2. What is the value of freedom ?
3. Should we imprison animals and birds in cages ? Why/Why not ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
1. ‘He’ is the tiger. Personification is used here.
2. The zoo tiger is in sad, angry mood.
3. He is in rage because he has lost his freedom.
4. The tiger is here imagined to be in the forest.
5. He is near the water hole to kill a deer.
6. He frightened the people by baring his white fangs and claws.
7. Because he has no interest left in anything or anybody.
8. He longs for freedom badly.
9. No, we should not.
10. Zoos are considered necessary for the conservation of some wild species.
1. few
2. water
3. terrorizes
4. locked
5. stares
1. The hunters are stalking the deer.
2. A tiger looked in the long grass to attack the deer.
3. We were sliding down the grassy slope.
2. abcb
Tiger : White fangs, sharp claws, snarling
2. All the guests could be pleased.
[55]
3.
4.
5.
G. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
H. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A new business may be set up here by them.
All of them need not be punished.
All the logs could not be carried by them.
The car is dirty. You need some water to wash it.
There is plenty of time. Why run ?
Doesn’t he need to see a doctor ?
We dare not ask him a question.
“Why don’t you come in time for class ?” the teacher asked.
crossed our minds : came into our mind
cross the path : meet by chance
crossed swords : argued
will cross the bridge when we come to it : will worry about the problem when it
actually happens
(e) cross the Rubicon : will have to approach us
I. (i) (a) on
(b) with
(c) of
(d) across, over
(e) between
(f) among
(g) on
(h) to, for
(i) of
(j) under
(k) on, with
(l) into
(m) until
(n) of
(o) on
(ii) (a) between (b) among
(iii) (a) since
(b) for
(iv) (a) across
(b) along
(v) (a) at, in
(b) at, in
(vi) 1. on, at, in 2. on, at
3. on, in
4. on, in
5. at, in
6. in
7. in
8. on
9. in
10. in
J. Class Activity
Lesson –18 THE AILING PLANET - THE GREEN MOVEMENT’S ROLE
1. How are chemical pesticides and fertilizers useful ?
2. When do they become harmful to our health ?
3. Name some evil practices peasants resort to.
A.
‘We’ referred to in the poem are farmers.
Poisonous chemicals are sprayed to destroy weeds and harmful pasts.
‘Wicked flowers’ mean weeds.
The purpose is to speed up the hatching process to get chickens in minimum time.
The time is saved, which results in more profits.
We lose arable land in the long run.
Our forefathers once lived on fields.
The poet regret that we do not give back what we take away from nature.
We make good money by resorting to evil farming practices.
The poet wants us to do natural farming and avoid the over-use of pesticides and
machines.
B. 1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. True
[56]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C.
1. scatter the poison : spray chemicals
2. line our purse with pence : earn money
3. bugalows will pay : we lose fertile land when we build houses
4. concrete sheds : sheds made of cement, not in tune with natural surroundings
D. The same rhyme scheme, abcb, is used in other stanzas as well.
E. 1. ours
2. His
3. yours
4. Your
5. mine
6. Her
7. hers
F. 1. Twenty-four hours : We provide twenty-four hour service.
2. Cottage : Cottage industry is on the decline.
3. Computer : Computer chips are small in size.
4. One-eyed : I saw a one-eyed beggar there.
5. City : What do you see on city roads these days ?
6. Summer : Goa is a host to many summer festivals.
7. Book : Here is the book market.
G. 2. He bade us come nearer.
3. The teacher did not let us go outside.
4. We need not read the whole book in a day.
5. We are about to succeed.
6. Tom came in a hurry to see her.
7. She was too ill to attend your party.
8. Mangoes are good to eat.
9. He is rich enough to help us.
10. We saw him cry in the room.
H. 1. unable
2. derecognize
3. incapable
4. disinformation
5. unlucky
6. disfigure
7. maltreat
8. irresponsible
9. dishonest
10. malpractice
I. 2. frozen
3. adopted
4. broken
5. roasted
6. boiled
7. defending
8. developing
9. smiling
10. interesting
J. 2. Your work is a cut above that of the others.
3. Try to steer clear of trouble.
4. It was a hair’s breadth escape ! I could have got killed.
5. I found myself in a tight corner, but I did not lose heart.
K. Class Activity
L. Suggested answer : 1, 4, 5, 6
M. Write the report with the given hints.
Lesson –19 THE THINGS THAT HAVEN’T BEEN DONE BEFORE
1. Do your parents encourage you to take part in festivities and functions ?
2. How is Christmas celebrated ?
3. Recall any school incident when everybody laughed in fun.
A.
1. Raise it
2. Generous
: rear it
: large-hearted
[57]
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Slouched
: sat or moved in a lazy way
Representing
: standing for something or somebody
Dissolved
: disappeared
The mother promised to become a perfect mother because she had not been blessed
with a baby for five years.
2. The husband felt that they had been blessed with poverty.
3. She had to change diapers many a times, eat cold meals and have very inadequate
sleep.
4. She could not become a perfect mother.
5. It was when her children took part in a Christmas pageant.
I liked the above passage because of the humour involved in it. The tone of the narrator
is amusing. We are really amused when the children had innocent squabbles. The
incident of Mary’s dropping the doll is quite amusing. The punch-line, spoken by one of
the narrator’s son – ‘We are the three wise men – we are bringing gifts of gold, common
sense and fur’ – send us really into peals of laughter.
1. Hadly had we walked even one kilometre when they stopped us.
2. The memory is too vivid for me to ever forget.
3. That does not need to happen.
4. All we cared about were food and sleep.
5. There we sat face to face with our accuser.
6. Herbert did not ignore his parents before accepting the job offer.
7. Put your tools away lest the children should fall over them.
8. Never did he see his wife since then.
1. I will be unable to join the swimming team this year.
2. I expect him to complete the work by 10 p.m.
3. How sad that you are leaving your job !
4. No other pudding I have ever tasted is as delicious as this one.
5. She is so clever that they cannot catch her.
6. I asked Kapil how far he went into the woods.
7. Never had I seen Shane walk across the road.
1. in
2. of
3. on
4. through
5. in
6. of
7. to
8. for
Class Activity
COMPREHENSION
Passage 1
I. A. touted : offered or purposed
derelict : not used or cared for
gangster : member of a group of violent criminals
bootlegger : one who sells liquor illegally
don : wear
[58]
B. 1. Touted : He was touted as the next Prime Minister of the country.
2. Derelict : People do not like to visit that dark derelict building.
3. Gangster : A gangster of Bhola gang was killed yesterday.
II. 1. It has beautiful beaches and tall mountains. It is a great city to walk around.
2. Gangsters and bootleggers.
3. One experiences a frightening sensation.
4. He was John Deighton who earned the sobriquet Gassy Jack as he could go on
talking.
5. ‘donned’
III. Write the paragraph with these hints :
l
visited Shimla
l
a historic city
l
many buildings of the Raj days
l
The Mall and the Ridge
Passage 2
I. A. afforestation : planting trees to form a forest
species : a group of animals or plants
medicinal : having healing qualities
deciduous : that loses its leaves every year
delicious : sweet
B. 1. Afforestation : Afforestation is essential to lessen global warming.
2. Species : Many species of animals have disappeared.
3. Medicinal : Neem leaves have medicinal value.
II. 1. The bael and the wild guava.
2. A tree which sheds its leaves in winter is called a deciduous tree.
3. The leaves of the bael are used to worship Lord Shiva.
4. It is used in Bengal as part of a delicious cuisine.
5. The word is ‘integral’.
l
planting more and more trees very useful
l
trees give shelter to animals, birds, human beings
l
useful to avert soil erosion, floods, etc.
l
help in lessening atmospheric warming
Passage 3
I. A. classic : considered to be the best
epic : a long narrative poem
[59]
immortal : deathless
impressionable : easily affected by something / somebody
intrude : enter forcibly
B. 1. Classic : ‘Do Bigha Zameen’ is a classic movie.
2. Epic : The Ramayana is a well-known Indian epic.
3. Immortal : No man is immortal.
II.
6. They are popular in India.
7. Shakespeare has written King Lear.
8. Yes, they are popular in our metro cities.
9. They bring the fabulous past alive.
10. The noun form is ‘moment’.
l
books, a great company
l
provides knowledge
l
entertaining
l
read novels, comics, story books
Passage 4
I. A. insignificant : not important
advent : arrival
righteousness : that which is morally right
strife : struggle, fight
abhor : hate
B. 1. Insignificant : Don’t boast about this insignificant victory.
2. Advent : With the advent of modern technology, life has changed.
3. Righteousness : Mahatma Gandhi was respected for his righteousness.
II.
1. His best moments in cricket were in Sharjah 1998, Chennai 1999 and 2001, Brisbane
2008, etc.
2. The West Indies
3. Each performer is expected to do something special.
4. The writer hopes that the rival team will turn the match into a great contest.
5. The word is ‘abhorrence’.
l
like Sachin both as a cricketer and as a person
l
unsurpassable batting achievements
l
highly disciplined and hardworking
l
very humble and down-to-earth
[60]
TEST ASSIGNMENT - I (Literature)
(Based on ICSE Pattern)
Time : 3 Hrs.
M. Marks : 80
Q.1. Explain with reference to the context :
(4 × 5 = 20)
(a) “My name is Nobody. My friends and relatives in my own country call
me Nobody.”
(i) Who spoke these lines and to whom ?
(ii) When were these words spoken ?
(iii) What had happened earlier ?
(iv) Why did the speaker call himself ‘Nobody’ ?
(v) How did these words help the speaker ?
(b) “Son, we don’t want more Milkhas to happen on either side. You are a
soldier and your job is to fight the battle within. So do it”.
(i) Who spoke these lines to Milkha ?
(ii) Why was Milkha reluctant to ‘run’ ?
(iii) What was the outcome of his fight ?
(iv) Who called him ‘The Flying Sikh’ ?
(v) What impression do you form of Milkha ?
(c) ‘Cowards die many times before their actual death’.
(i) When does Caesar make this comment ?
(ii) Why does he make it ?
(iii) Why do timid people experience death many times ?
(iv) How do the brave experience death ?
(v) What seems to be a surprise to Caesar ?
(d) ‘I salute you, Snail
Somehow you have made me feel quite small’.
(i) Who is ‘I’ ?
(ii) Why is the snail saluted ?
(iii) Why does the poet use capital ‘S’ in ‘Snail’ ?
(iv) What has the poet noticed ?
(v) What is it that has made the poet feel ‘small’ ?
Q.2. (a) Which of these statements are True and which are False ?
(10)
1. Tom was happy when he was asked to whitewash a wall.
2. The Cyclop had only one eye.
3. Ulysses was not able to deceive the Cyclop.
4. Moses was not courageous.
5. Abraham Lincoln asked the teacher of his son to be harsh to him.
6. Abraham Lincoln wanted his son to be selfless and kind-hearted.
7. Yama was happy with the man in the hell.
[61]
8. Brutus proved to be unfaithful to his friend.
9. Caesar was shocked to find Brutus on the side of his enemies.
10. Della brought a gold watch for her husband as a Christmas present.
(b) Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.
foothill
spiritually
exploit
campaign
advocate
sprouting
slogans
support
(10)
calm
densely
(i) I observed the seeds .................. and then growing into plants.
(ii) .................. populated areas turned into graveyards.
(iii) He joined the .................. to save the Redwoods in 1932.
(iv) This was the first scientific .................. to the Chipko Movement.
(v) Americans wished to lead a .................. and peaceful life.
(vi) The crowd started shouting .................. which were abusive in nature.
(vii) All environmentalists are .................. planting of trees.
(viii) Mud sliding from the hills is destroying the farms at the .................. .
(ix) Timber merchants have .................. the forests for money.
(x) Anyone who does not think good of others is .................. dead.
(c) Match the following words with their antonyms.
(10)
A
B
(i) wide
hate
(ii) rich
bitter
(iii) bloom
poor
(iv) presence
narrow
(v) sweet
absence
(vi) vanished
wide
(vii) love
appeared
(viii) slender
wide
(ix) knowledge
thick
(x) narrow
wither
Q.3. Answer the following questions briefly.
(10)
1. What is streamlining ?
2. Why did the louse turn down the mosquito’s request ?
3. When did Milkha Singh last run a race ?
4. What is the message of the poem ‘The Buddhist Parable’ ?
5. Why was Caesar killed ?
6. What kind of girl was Mimi ?
7. What surprised Jim ?
8. What was surprising to Margie ?
9. Who was Timothy ? Who brought him home ?
10. What is the role of the Green Movement ?
Q.4. In what sense is our planet ailing ? What can we do to restore its health ?
(20)
Or
Narrate in your own words the story of Ulysses and the Cyclops. What lesson
do you learn from it ?
[62]
TEST ASSIGNMENT - II (Language)
(Based on ICSE Pattern)
Time : 3 Hrs.
M. Marks : 80
Q.1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow :
(10)
1. An escalating epidemic of overweight and obesity is affecting many countries in
the world ; more than 300 million people are overweight or obese. Obesity could
be reason specific. In India, some people tend to be overweight because of their
high calorie diet and lack of physical activities. In the United States, obesity is
more prevalent in lower economic groups. Obesity is now well recognised as a
disease in its own right. Though obesity commonly means very overweight, it is
defined as an excess amount of body weight that includes muscles, bone, fat and
water. ‘Obesity’ specifically refers to an excess amount of body fat. Some people,
such as body builders or other athletes with a lot of muscle, can be overweight
without being obese.
2. A certain amount of body fat is needed for stored energy, heat insulation, shock
absorption and other functions. Generally, women have more body fat than men.
Usually men with more than 25% body fat and women with more than 30% body
fat are regarded as obese. Obesity tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic
cause. Environmental factors mean lifestyle behaviours such as what a person
eats and his or her level of physical activity. Although you cannot change your
genetic make-up, you can change your eating habits and levels of activity. You
can learn how to choose more nutritional meals which are low in fat, and become
more active.
3. Then there are the psychological factors. Negative emotions such as boredom,
sadness or anger, respond to people who overeat. There is also ‘binge eating’ when
people eat large amounts of food thinking that they cannot control how much they
are eating. Those with the most severe binge eating problems are also likely to have
symptoms of depression and low self-esteem. These people may have more difficulty
in losing weight and keeping it off than people without binge eating problems.
(i) Which epidemic is referred to in the passage ?
(ii) How many persons are obese in India ?
(iii) What is the main reason of obesity ?
(iv) What do you mean by obesity ?
(v) Which psychological factors are responsible for obesity ?
Q.2. (a) Fill in the blanks with suitable article, wherever necessary. Write (8 )
where no article is needed.
(10)
1. We go to ................ school at 9.
2. ................. Death is just ................ idea.
[63]
3. Soon ............ sun rose and ............ swim went on amidst optimism.
4. ................. Usain Bolt is regarded as ................. fastest person ever !
5. ................. Scrooge has ................. unfeeling heart.
6. He sends ................. big turkey to ................. Crotchet’s home.
7. ................. congregation dissolved into ................. laughter.
8. Look ! There is ................. eagle and ................. bat on that tree.
9. ................. Indian ocean is full of ................. sharks.
10. ................. man in red shirt is his ................. brother.
(b) Use either the present perfect or the past simple.
(10)
1. I am sorry. I can’t help you. My car ................ (break) down.
2. When I was ten, my parents ................ (die).
3. We ................ (meet) the lady last week.
4. We ................ (meet) the lady. She will recognize us.
5. The prices of food grains ................ (rise) dramatically in recent years.
6. You can go to bed now. You ................ (do) your share of the work.
7. I feel that you ................ (achieve) a lot in your field.
8. This is the same dress I ................ (wear) on my wedding day.
9. This is the car I ................ (drive) ever since I was forty.
10. When I picked up the receiver, I ................ (surprised) to find that the phone
was dead.
(c) Complete the sentence with suitable prepositions.
(10)
1. Gopal arrived ................ the court.
2. A friendship developed ................ a monkey and a crocodile.
3. Bring the monkey’s heart ................ me.
4. This was the usual practice ................ the swimmers.
5. I was tortured ................ heat.
6. What will my wife and children do ................ me ?
7. He took pity ................ the oak tree.
8. Give me a ride ................ your back.
9. Let us make friends ................ the sun.
10. He awoke ................ a deep dream of peace.
(d) Fill in the blanks with appropriate connectors.
(10)
1. The King agreed only to see .................. they were right. (if / unless)
2. He realized .................. something was going on. (to, that)
3. I am not well .................. I think I am going to die. (but, and)
4. She was cheerful .................. she was poor. (or, though)
[64]
5. Walk slowly .................. you should fall. (or, lest)
6. .................. you work hard, you won’t pass. (if, unless)
7. The man .................. car broke down died yesterday. (whom, whose)
8. I have lost the pen .................. you gifted to me. (who, that)
9. She is too tired .................. walk. (that, to)
10. I was studying .................. she way playing. (that, while)
Q.3. Write a letter to your father seeking his permission to go on an educational
tour to Mumbai and Goa.
(15)
Or
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper expressing your views on the need
to make games and sports compulsory in schools.
Q.4. Write an article in 100-150 words on the topic “Food for Health”.
(15)
Or
You are Mukesh. You have been asked to address the morning assembly of
your school on the need to inculcate good habits and manners. Write your
speech in 100-150 words.
[65]
TEST ASSIGNMENT -III (Literature & Grammar)
(Based on CBSE Pattern)
Time : 3 Hrs.
M. Marks : 80
Part - I
Q.1. Explain with reference to context any two of these passages :
(10)
(a) “You are in trouble, aren’t you”.
(i) Who is the speaker ?
(ii) Whom are these lines addressed to ?
(iii) What trouble is referred to here ?
(iv) How is the speaker cheated ?
(v) What had he to part with ?
(b) “Be good to me, because I did it all for you”.
(i) When did Della speak these words ?
(ii) What was the fear in her mind ?
(iii) What had she done ?
(iv) What made her say “be good to me” ?
(v) How did Jim react to these words ?
(c) ‘He died two months ago’.
(i) Who is ‘he’ referred to here ?
(ii) How did he die ?
(iii) What was Grandfather doing when he learnt about ‘his’ death ?
(iv) How did he receive the news ?
(v) What made him leave the cage abruptly ?
Q.2. (a) Say which of these statements are True and which are False ?
(5)
(i) The cyclops were giant shepherds.
(ii) Madhava fled in fear on listening to the cries.
(iii) Baker wanted to help India grow more trees.
(iv) A crocodile looks weepy.
(v) A chameleon can be easily spotted.
(b) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
(5)
(i) Tom appeared on the pavement with a ................ .
(ii) Ulysses said, “My name is ................ .”
(iii) Baker ................ India in 1931.
(iv) Milkha’s parents were ................ .
(v) Calpurnia asked Caesar not to go to the ................ .
[66]
(c) Match the following words with their meanings.
A
B
1. parable
leave
2. multitude
a story with a moral
3. refused
crowd
4. combat
denied
5. quit
fight
Q.3. Answer the following questions briefly.
(5)
(5)
1. Who was the first boy who came to ridicule Tom ?
2. How did the Cyclops live ?
3. What saved Mr Baker in the World War I ?
4. “You, too, Brutus !” Explain.
5. How is the poet’s mother different from other women ?
Q.4. Imagine you are Tom. Write a letter to your friend telling him how you
managed to save your Saturday holiday from being spoilt.
(10)
Or
Narrate a few incidents to show different kinds of courage.
Part - II
Q.5. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
(10)
Claudius suspects that Hamlet is not really mad, and he fears him. He dare not punish
him for killing Polonius, because Hamlet is loved by the people, so he sends him away
on a ship to England, and gives order that he should be killed there. Hamlet, however,
comes back to Denmark, and the cruel king tries another way of getting rid of him.
Ophelia’s brother, Laertes, is eager to revenge the death of his father, Polonius, and he
and the king make a plan to kill Hamlet. Laertes and Hamlet are both good swordsmen,
and it is arranged that they shall have a friendly fight to decide which is the better.
But Laertes will use a sword with poison on the point, and the king will have a cup of
poisoned wine to offer to Hamlet in case Laertes fails to kill him.
When the fight takes place, Hamlet at first seems to be winning. The king offers him
the cup of poisoned wine. He refuses it, but the queen takes it and drinks. Laertes and
Hamlet go on fighting. Laertes wounds Hamlet, and as they struggle together they
somehow change swords. Now Hamlet wounds Laertes. The queen falls, dying. Laertes,
himself near death, tells Hamlet about the poisoned sword and wine. Hamlet, acting at
last instead of thinking about acting, rushes at the guilty king and kills him. He has
revenged the murder of his father, but a few minutes later he, too, is dead.
1. Why does Claudius fear Hamlet ?
2. Who had killed Polonius ?
3. What did Laertes and Claudius plan ?
4. How is the queen killed ?
5. How do Laertes and Hamlet get killed ?
[67]
Q.6. (a) Use a, an, or the in the blank space in these sentences.
(5)
1. I brought ................ new pen. ................ pen is not costly, but it writes well.
2. There is ................ eagle sitting in ................ tree.
3. ................ sun sets in ................ west.
4. Kolkata is ................ big city.
5. You are ................ wonderful buy.
(b) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions from the box.
(5)
on
at
to
with
from
1. My wife has invited you ................. lunch.
2. He guided the swim ................. the escort boat.
3. I sat ................. the rock.
4. It came again ................. a great wakening light.
5. The time ................. school was best.
(c) Use the correct form of the verb given in brackets.
(5)
1. The book ................. fifty rupees. (cost)
2. The king ................. discussing the usual issues. (begin)
3. The crocodile ................. his wife deeply. (love)
4. The train ................. at 9. (arrive)
5. He ................. for you since Monday. (wait)
Q.7. Write a letter to your friend telling him/her about your birthday party. (5)
Or
Write an application to the Principal of your school asking for fee concession.
Q.8. Write an article on the topic ‘An Indian Wedding’ in not more than 150 words.
(10)
Or
Prepare your speech on ‘How to use and not to use your mobile’ for the
morning assembly of your school in 100-150 words.
[68]

TEACHER’S MANUAL on New Trends in

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