The Age of Napoleon Part D

The Age of Napoleon
Part D
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Painting by Jacques Louis David
1. What were the French Revolutionary Wars?
• They were the wars fought during the French
Revolution in which coalitions of European
powers sought to defeat the French revolutionary
governments and restore the ancien regime (old
regime) of the Bourbon monarchy
• By the early 1800s, the French Revolutionary
Wars evolved into the Napoleonic Wars, for the
lack of a better term
The French Revolutionary Wars
1792-1802
2. Specifically, what were the particular wars of
the Revolutionary period?
• The War of the First Coalition, 1792-1797
• The War of the Second Coalition, 1798-1802
3. What were the major sides and outcomes of the War of the
First Coalition, 1792-1797?
• Coaliton countries like Austria, Prussia, Great Britain,
Russia, and others sought to eliminate or at least contain
the French Revolution
• During this war, France implemented the Levee en Masse
and ultimately held the invaders at bay, and ultimately
defeated the coalition
• Napoleon Bonaparte distinguished himself during this war
• During this war, Revolutionary France conquered territories
outside its borders and created satellite nations loyal to the
First Republic of France
Battle of Valmy, 1793
Decisive French Revolutionary Victory
4. What were the major sides and outcomes of the
War of the Second Coalition, 1798-1802?
• Again, France fought against Austria and Great
Britain
• Again, France was largely victorious
• The Treaty of Luneville in 1801 ended hostilities
between Austria (ruled by the Hapsburgs) and
France
• The Treaty of Amiens in 1802 ended war between
Great Britain and France…but only for a short
time
The Battle of Marengo, 1800
Decisive victory for Napoleon
5. During the war of the Third Coalition, 1803-1806,
France again defeated a coalition made up of what
major nations?
• Austria, Great Britain, Russia, Sweden
6. What were some of Napoleon’s victories during
the War of the Third Coalition?
• Battle of Ulm, 1805
• Battle of Austerlitz, 1805
French Victory at Austerlitz, 1805
7. What 1805 treaty basically ended the War of the
Third Coalition?
• Treaty of Pressburg
8. What Hapsburg-led “nation” died in the wake of
the Treaty of Pressburg?
• In 1806, The Holy Roman Empire came to an end,
an entity that had endured since 962
• Austria, however, did continue under Hapsburg
rule
Francis II, The Last Emperor of the
Holy Roman Empire
9. What central European union replaced the Holy
Roman Empire in 1806?
• The Confederation of the Rhine
• It existed from 1806-1813
10. The dozen-plus German states that made up the
Confederation of the Rhine basically served as
what?
• Client (subservient) states of the French Empire
11. During the War of the Fourth Coalition,
1806-1807, what major countries did France
face?
• Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain
12. In October 1806, what country did Napoleon
defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt?
Prussia
Napoleon at Jena-Auerstedt, 1806
13. Days later, Napoleon’s army occupied what
Prussian city?
• Berlin, the capital city
French Troops take Berlin, 1806
14. What victory by Napoleon in June 1807
effectively ended the War of the Fourth
Coalition?
• The Battle of Friedland, a battle in which
Napoleon defeated a Russian army
Napoleon at the Battle of Friedland,
1807
Cavalry Charge at Friedland
15. What agreements between France and
Russia effectively ended the War of the Fourth
Coalition?
• The Treaties of Tilsit
Napoleon and the Russian Emperor at
Tilsit, 1807
16. From 1807 to 1812, Napoleon was the master of what?
• Europe
17. Napoleon’s Grand Empire included what three principle parts?
• The inner core of the French Empire itself, an enlarged France if you
will
• The Dependent States which came to include Spain, The
Netherlands, The Kingdom of Italy, The Grand Duchy of Warsaw, the
Swiss Republic, and the Confederation of the Rhine
• Allied States: These were countries that had been defeated by
Napoleonic France and forced to submit to French domination of
Europe. Examples include Austria, Prussia, and to a degree, Russia
18. What became of Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in
1808?
• Napoleon successfully invaded Spain, but the
Spanish people rose up in revolt against French
rule
• Napoleon deposed the Spanish king, Ferdinand
VII. Napoleon’s brother Joseph became the King
of Spain
• Spanish guerrillas, however, revolted against the
French and bled Napoleon’s army. In time, the
Spanish invasion proved to be a disaster
19. In what years did France experience defeat
in Spain?
• 1813-1814
Madrid Surrenders to Napoleon
The Third of May, 1808
Painting by Francisco Goya
20. What three principles from the French
Revolution did Napoleon want to spread in his
Grand Empire?
• Legal Equality
• Religious Toleration
• Economic Freedom
21. In parts of his Grand Empire outside of
France, Napoleon abolished what?
• Serfdom
22. What major European country never fell
under Napoleon’s control?
• Great Britain
23. What was the Continental System?
• It was basically a European-wide French-imposed
boycott of British goods
• All nations under Napoleon’s influence or
outright control were expected to conform to the
boycott
24. What became of the Continental System?
• Member nations cheated, smuggled, and
resented French control
25. What country became very uncooperative
with Napoleon’s Continental system?
• Russia
26. What is your textbook’s definition of
Nationalism?
• “Nationalism is the unique cultural identity of
a people based on common language, religion,
and national symbols”
27. Oddly enough, Napoleon’s control of much
of Europe began to arouse what force in areas of
Europe outside of France?
• The phenomenon of Nationalism
28. The growth of Nationalism in Europe, along
with resentment of the Continental System,
helped pave the way for what?
• The Fall of Napoleon!!