Internet CIS 100 Jordan University of Science & Technology

Jordan University of Science & Technology
Faculty of Computer & Information Technology
Department of Computer Science
CIS 100
Internet
1
What is Internet?
Internet is a global computer network of interconnected networks.
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Internet Activities
1. All computers connected to the internet must
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communicate with each other using set of rules
(protocols) called TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/ Internet Protocol)
Send and receive electronic messages (e-mail)
Transfer data files to and from computers around
the world (File Transfer Protocol [FTP])
View corporate or personal documents containing
graphical hypertext content (World Wide Web)
Share point-of-view on specific subjects with other
online groups, (Usenet news-groups - Network
News Transfer Protocol)
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Internet Addressing
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Each computer directly linked to the Internet must
obtain a unique address so that it can be located.
A computer’s internet protocol (IP) address is a fourpart series of numbers separated by periods. For
example 198.137.241.30
Because it is difficult to remember a long series of
numbers( i.e. IP address ), a name addressing system
was developed, called domain name system (DNS), For
example Whitehouse.gov
The DNS: is a world-wide system of databases that
maps domain names with their corresponding IP
address.
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How To Get Internet Connection?
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To obtain an Internet domain name, It is necessary to
register with (and pay) a special Internet committee,
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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ISP examples: ORANGE, Batelco, TE Data, and Zain
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To get internet service:
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Subscribe with any Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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Site Types
The top-level specification:
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.com: commercial organization.
.edu: education.
.int: international organization.
.mil: military organizations.
.org: nonprofit and research organizations.
.net: network and service operations.
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Country Code
Two-letter country code:
.us: United States.
.jo: Jordan.
.uk: United Kingdom.
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Domain Name
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Second-level domain name (it is the company or
organization name): up to 22 alphanumeric characters
and cannot include spaces (although underscore can
be used).
examples of the Domain name:
www.example.net
 www.yahoo.com
 www.hotmail.com
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The alphanumeric character set consists of the numbers 0 to 9 and letters A to Z.
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Subdomain Name
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Subdomain Name:
Put it to the left of the domain name
 We may have additional subdomain names
 It is optional part
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Subdomain Name examples:
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www.cis.just.edu.jo
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www.mail.yahoo.com
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Domain, LAN, and Network Server
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This entire domain is part of LAN connected to the
internet.
The network server is connected to the Internet.
So each of the computers on the network gain their
access to the Internet through the network server.
LAN: Local Area Network
Hostname: i.e. the Host Computer
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What is the World Wide Web?

The World Wide Web is a collection of host
machines:
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which deliver documents, graphics and multi-media to
users via the Internet.
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World Wide Web
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Pages or files are stored on Web Servers.
Users access these pages using a graphical browser
like:
Internet Explorer
 Netscape Communicator
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Pages can include:
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Graphics, sound, movies and other media-rich content
References to other pages on the same site or other sites
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Hyper-Links
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A hyperlink is a clickable link to another document or
resource. It is normally shown in blue underline.
When a user clicks on this link
 The
client will retrieve the document associated with that
link by
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requesting the document from the designated server upon
which it resides.
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URLs
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An URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a means of
specifying the pathname for any resource on the
Internet.
The URL consists of three part:
1.
2.
3.
protocol part
host part
document name
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URLs Example
http://www.just.edu.jo/cis100/windows.htm
specifies the protocol as http,
the host or WWW server as just.edu.jo
and the document as /cis100/windows.htm
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Search Engines
Because there is so much information available on
the Internet today so:
 it is important to be able to access information
quickly.
 Several sites have specialized in searching
 Search Engines Examples:
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www.yahoo.com
www.google.com
www.excite.com
www.metacrawler.com
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Browsing the Web
The features of World Wide Web
(WWW) are:
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server provides WWW access
information presented as pages
uses html (hyper-text markup language) to write pages
pages may reference other pages, graphics etc (links)
client provides browse services to view pages and handle
special page types
connect only long enough to get a page
Examples of available browsers include Netscape
Communicator and Internet Explorer.
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HTML
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HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language.
Used to create (design) Web pages which may include:
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Text, graphics, sound, video and/or links to other pages
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Web Browser
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A WWW browser is an application run on a user’s
computer
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which allows him to view the pages made available by a
WWW server
The browser interprets each HTML page and displays
the information in a window.
Each WWW server has a host name, and each page
has a location address where it resides on the server.
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Example
http://www.just.edu.jo/index.htm
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The site-name is www.just.edu.jo
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which denotes the server address for the WWW server at
JUST
The page, which is shown as JUST’s home page is
called index.htm
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Electronic Mail (email)
Electronic mail, or email, is:

a simple tool for exchanging messages between individuals
or among larger audience.
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Electronic Mail
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Email messages travel very quickly and inexpensively
The delivery of messages from one part of a country
to another may take minutes
Once a message has been received, it can be saved,
printed, edited, forwarded to another user, or deleted
Email is becoming one of the most widely used
services on the Internet:
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Email Characteristics
Email is becoming one of the most widely
used services on the Internet :
1. Fast
2. Can save messages for future reference.
3. Free of charge.
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How to get email account ?
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How to get just email?
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From the University (Engineering Building, C3- level 1 ?)
Get a free web-based email account through
yahoo or Hotmail
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Email Address
An email address has two parts:
1. Username
2. Domain Name
Email Address Example:
[email protected]
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Email Message’s Parts
An email message must have at least two parts:
1. Header
2. Body
3. Message Signature (optional)
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Email Message’s Parts
1.
The Message Header contains information about
the message: sender, receiver, date and subject
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2.
3.
CC : Carbon Copy
BCC: Blind Carbon Copy
The Message body contains the actual message
being sent
Message Signature (optional) (see next slide)
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Message Signature
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Sometimes, an email message contains a third part,
called the signature
It is optional, and usually identifies or provides
information about the message’s sender
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Review
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CC : Carbon Copy
BCC: Blind Carbon Copy
Protocols: set of rules
TCP/IP :Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol)
File Transfer Protocol [FTP] use to:
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Transfer data files to and from computers around the world?
internet protocol address : IP address
DNS: it is a name addressing system was developed,
called domain name system (DNS)
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language
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