International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems Y. Ian Noy

International Harmonized
Research Activities:
Intelligent Transport Systems
Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE
Ergonomics Division
Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate
Transport Canada
330 Sparks St.., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N5
Tel: (613) 998-2268 Fax: (613) 998-4831 [email protected]
Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Intelligent Transport Systems
Positioning & tracking
Digital maps
Communication links
Microprocessors
Image processors
Information databases
Traffic management
Traffic monitoring
Smart cards
Automated aids
Transportation objectives
•
•
•
•
•
Reduce congestion
Improve safety
Increase efficiency
Improve comfort
Improve transit
services
• Reduce fuel
consumption
• Reduce emissions
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Levels of Automation
 Information
 Warning
IHRA-ITS
 Driver assistance (active pedal)
 Partial control of vehicle
functions (steering, stop&go)
 Complete control of vehicle
(AHS)
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Rationalizing Automation
 Each level has unique safety
issues
 Each level must coexist with
other levels
 Progression from one level to
next is not incremental
– it represents a radical change
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Vehicle-based Driver Assistance and
Crash Avoidance Systems
 Vision enhancement & visual range warning
 Intelligent speed adaptation
 Adaptive cruise control
 Collision warning (e.g., lane departure, rear-end,
lane change, intersection)
 Fatigue/impairment warning
 Pavement monitoring and friction warning
 Vehicle Stability Warning and Assistance
 Emergency reporting and response
 Backing and merging aids
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
ITS: Safety Impact Framework
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Direct Safety Benefits
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
 Reduction of crash risk through
• on-board CA systems
• road-side CA systems
• tolerance for driver/system errors
 Mitigation of crash consequences
through improved emergency response
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Indirect Safety Benefits
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
 Reduced exposure (optimized routes and trip
lengths, and greater choice of mode)
 Reduced exposure to unauthorized use
(elicense)
 Reduced traffic variance and conflicts
(through better traffic management and
improved interaction between driver and other
road users)
 Reduced driver stress and fatigue
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Direct Safety Risks
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
 Driver distraction
 Driver overload
 Driver confusion
IHRA-ITS
 Reduced situation awareness
 Lack of trust/acceptance due to false or
nuisance alarms
 Increased discomfort, stress
 Command effect
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Indirect Safety Risks
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
+
-
 Behavioural adaptation
 Increased travel (pleasurable)
 Loss of skill & negative transfer
IHRA-ITS
 Violation of expectation (by non-users)
 Collision migration (MV to SV, to other
users, etc.)
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
ITS Safety, or IS IT?

IHRA-ITS
ITS technology is safety neutral Its implementation is safety critical
Driving Task

ITS
Safety impact depends largely on the
extent to which the system supports
users’ needs, and is compatible with
human capabilities and limitations
+
Collisions
-
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Government’s Role
Geveva
November 2001
 Discourage technologies/implementations
IHRA-ITS
that are likely to have an adverse effect on
safety
 Encourage implementation of
technologies that are likely to have safety
benefits
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):
International Harmonized Research Activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Australia
Canada
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Japan
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
the Netherlands
Poland
Sweden
U.K.
U.S.A.
EC
EESV
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
ESV: IHRA Working Groups
 Intelligent Transport Systems
 Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection
IHRA-ITS
 Pedestrian Safety
 Biomechanics
 Vehicle Compatibility
 Side Impact
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
IHRA-ITS : Objectives
 to coordinate international policy-oriented
research to minimize the potential adverse
consequences of on-board ITS technologies.
 to develop procedures for the evaluation of
safety of in-vehicle information, control and
communication systems.
 to provide an international view of the state of
research into understanding the safety impact
of driver workload and distraction.
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Aspects of System Safety
1. System Reliability
•
IHRA-ITS
Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for
malfunction and the potential to go into a dangerous and/or
unanticipated safety mode.
2. Human Machine Interaction (HMI)
•
Key issues are function allocation, the design of interface,
definition of dialogue between the user and the system.
3. Overall Traffic System
•
The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole.
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Scope
 includes original and aftermarket on-
board information, control and
communication systems, including
IHRA-ITS
• telematics
• driver assistance systems, and
• collision warning and avoidance systems
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Summary of Activities
 Conceptual Framework
 Workshops
IHRA-ITS
 Survey of current research
 Priority Projects
For further information visit
http://199.79.179.92/ITS/ITS.html
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Priority Projects
1. Development of a harmonized safety evaluation
2.
IHRA-ITS
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
methodology framework
Driver understanding and expectation of ITS
systems
Human factors principles checklist
Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior
Simulator reference test scenarios
Improved secondary task methodology for
evaluating safety effects of driver workload
Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety
measures
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Importance of ITS Safety
Research
 Expands ESV’s role into crash avoidance
 Elaborates the role of governments with
IHRA-ITS
respect to ITS safety
 ITS safety is currently unregulated;
therefore, there is a reasonable prospect
for harmonized policies based on shared
scientific understanding of the issues
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
Key Challenges for Government
 Traditional policy paradigms not
suitable:
IHRA-ITS
• Design cycle shorter than policy cycle
• Technology is diversifying rapidly
• Science lags technology
 Integration by consumer, not industry
 Jurisdictional boundaries no longer valid
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
IHRA-WP.29 Liaison
 IHRA research focus
• Summarize state of knowledge
• Coordinate joint research
• Develop test procedures
 WP.29 to identify regulatory needs and
priorities. IHRA to coordinate the
regulatory development research to
support WP.29 work program
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Recommendations vis WP.29
 coordinate with WP.1 and WP.15 on ITS-
related matters (ISA)
 Develop strategy for global regulation
development for on-board ITS
• ST – coordinate among existing GR’s, lead?
• LT – create new GR
 utilize IHRA-ITS WG as Informal Group
for ITS-related matters
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada
World Forum for
Harminization of
Vehicle
Regulations
WP.29
Geveva
November 2001
IHRA-ITS
Possible Short Term Plan
 GRRF – Collision avoidance, driver
assistance (ACC, ESP), ISA
 GRE/GRRF?– Reliability (Annex 18)
 GRE/GRSG? – Collision and drowsiness
warning, vision enhancement,
maneuvering aids
 GRSG – Telematics, navigation
 GRSP – Collision mitigation?
Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada