ENGINEERING BULLETIN Purolite S950Plus

ENGINEERING BULLETIN
Purolite S950Plus
Purolite® S950Plus is a macroporous
chelating resin that utilizes weakly acidic
aminophosphonic active groups to form
complexes with metallic ions. The resin
can be used for a variety of applications,
including softening of brine in high TDS
solutions and separation and recovery
of heavy and transition metals.
?DA>;8C4”B($?;DB
CWis 4]VX]TTaX]V1d[[TcX]V _aTbT]cbcWT_WhbXRP[P]SRWT\XRP[
_a^_TacXTbP__[XRPcX^]bP]S^_TaPcX]VR^]SXcX^]bU^a
?da^[XcTB($?[dbaTbX]dbTSX]P`dT^dbb^[dcX^]bU^aWTPeh
\TcP[aT\^eP[P]SSTRP[RXUXRPcX^]^UbPcdaPcTSQaX]Tb^[dcX^]b
5^a\^aTX]U^a\PcX^]V^c^fff_da^[XcTR^\^aR^]cPRch^da
R[^bTbc?da^[XcTaTVX^]P[^UUXRTPb[XbcTS^]cWTQPRZR^eTa
8=TRODUCTION
Founded in 1981, Purolite is a leading manufacturer of ion exchange,
catalyst, adsorbent and specialty resins. With global headquarters in
the United States, Purolite is the only company that focuses 100% of
Xcbesources on the development and production of resin technology.
Responding to the needs of our customers, Purolite has built cWT
[PaVTbccechnical sales force in the industry, the widest variety^U
_a^SdRcbP]SUXeTstrategically located Research and 3TeT[^_\T]c
Va^d_b>da8B>( RTrtified manufacturing facilities in the U.S.A,
A^\P]XPP]S2WX]PR^\QX]TSfXch more than 40 sales offices in
"R^d]caXTbT]bdaTR^\_[TcTf^a[SfXSTcoverage.
PREMIER PRODUCTS
RELIABLE SERVICE
INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS
The quality and consistency of
^da_roducts is fundamental to
^da_erformance. Throughout
P[[?da^[XcT_lants, production
XbRPaTUd[[hRontrolled to ensure
cWPc^da_roducts meet the most
bcaX]VT]cRriteria, regardless of
fWTaTcWThPre produced.
We are technical experts
P]S_roblem solvers. Reliable
P]Sfell trained, we understand
the urgency required to keep
businesses operating smoothly.
Purolite employs the largest
technical sales organization
in the industry.
Our continued investment
X]research & development
\TP]bwe are always perfecting
P]SSiscovering innovative
dbTbU^aX^]Txchange resins
P]SPSb^aQT]cbWe strive to
\PZTcWTX\_^bbXQ[T_ossible.
PUROLITE ENGINEERING BULLETIN
PUROLITE® S950PLUS
Purolite S950Plus is a macroporous chelating resin with a polystyrene matrix cross-linked with
divinylbenzene and weakly acidic aminophosphonic active groups. This chemical structure facilitates
the formation of complexes with metallic ions. The aminophosphonic chelating resins have a greater
affinity for certain cations and form more stable complexes with cations of low atomic mass metals than
their iminodiacetic resin counterparts. Purolite S950Plus is therefore capable of fixing one or more specific
cations from a larger range even from solutions which are highly concentrated.
Table 1 – Typical physical and chemical characteristics
Polymer structure
Macroporous polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene
Physical form
Spherical beads
Functional groups
Aminophosphonic
Ionic form, as shipped:
Na+
Calcium capacity
24 g/L (minimum)
Moisture retention, Na+ form
55 – 65%
Particle size range
425 – 850 μm (2% maximum <425 μm)
Uniformity coefficient
1.4 (maximum)
Reversible swelling, H+ → Ca+
20% (maximum)
Reversible swelling, H+ → Na+
50% (maximum)
Specific gravity, Na+ form
1.13 approximately
Shipping weight, H form (approximate)
710 – 760 g/L (44.4 – 47.5 lb/ft3)
Temperature limit (maximum)
80°C (175°F)
+
Applications
Although there are numerous applications of Purolite S950Plus, due to its high operating capacity for calcium,
softening of brine in high TDS solutions is the most prevalent. In the chloralkali industry, chlorine gas and alkali
metal hydroxides are produced by the electrolysis of saturated brine solutions in chloralkali cells. This industrial
process has used three main types of cells— mercury, diaphragm and membrane electrolytic. The membrane
electrolytic cells are the most economic and are supported by the most sophisticated technology in their
operation. Although all types need periodic maintenance as a result of impurities in the brine, especially Ca and
Mg, membrane cells require the highest purity brine. Typically it contains less than 20 ppb calcium and less than
50 – 100 ppb strontium, depending on the process specification. For strontium removal, the use of the
iminodiacetic acid resin type Purolite S930Plus is recommended.
Purolite S950Plus is also suitable for the separation and recovery of heavy and transition metals. It also has a
high selectivity for lead, copper and zinc. Applications include the polishing of heavy metals from waste water
plants after caustic precipitation and the purification of nickel sulfate or nickel chloride plating baths.
The operating capacity of Purolite S950Plus is dependent on pH. It has the ability to operate in acidic, neutral or
alkaline environments; however the relative selectivity for metals varies as a function of pH and ionic
concentration. It is recommended to conduct laboratory trials to prove specific processes.
The following list of relative affinities can help to serve as a guide.
Acidic pH: Pb2+ > Cu2+ > U4+, Zn2+, Al3+ > Mg2+ > Sr2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Na+
Alkaline pH: Cd2+, Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Sr2+, Al3+ > Ba2+ >> Na+, K+
1
Purolite® S950Plus 03 2014
PUROLITE ENGINEERING BULLETIN
PUROLITE® S950PLUS
Purolite S950Plus like all aminophosphonic type resins is susceptible to oxidation. Therefore the direct
treatment of solutions containing oxidants should be avoided, as it leads to capacity loss. Free chlorine can be
removed from feed solutions by treatment with activated carbon for example or chemically reduced by reaction
with reducing agents such as sulfur dioxide or sulfite. Brine solutions often contain significant amounts of
chlorates. In this case it is necessary to ensure that the brine displacement rinse prior to the acid regeneration is
efficient, in order to avoid the formation of free chlorine from contact of the chlorates in the brine solution with
the regeneration acid.
Table 2 – Typical operating conditions for regeneration
STEP
DESIGN BASIS
Service
8 – 30 BV/h (1 – 4 gpm/ft3)
Displacement
Backwash
Only required for more concentrated
feed solutions
Conducted at 4 BV/h (0.5 gpm/ft3) with
soft water
Set for minimum water temperature to give
50% bed expansion
Refer to Figures 1 and 3 for details.
DURATION
4 – 6 BV (1 h – 1.5 h)
1 FBV* on clean water supplies and
2 – 3 FBV where solids are present
Bed settle
To allow the bed to reform fully classified
5 to 8 minutes
Acid injection
Typically 100 – 150 g/L hydrochloric acid applied
Typically 30 – 60 minutes, depending on
at approximately 4% HCl concentration at
regeneration level and flow rate
3
2 – 6 BV/h (0.25 – 0.75 gpm/ft )
Slow rinse
2-3 BV (15 – 22.5 gal/ft3) at approximate
regenerant flow rate with soft wate
Typically 30 – 60 minutes, depending on
volume of water applied and flow rate
Typically 20 – 80 g/L sodium hydroxide applied
at approximately 4% NaOH concentration at
2 – 4 BV/h (0.25 – 0.5 gpm/ft3)
Sodium conversion
Upflow direction in order to fluidize the resin
bed and aid the safe expansion to Na form.
Typically 15 – 60 minutes, depending on
volume of water applied and flow rate
Alternatively, sodium bicarbonate solution
could be used in certain applications.
Contact Purolite for details.
Slow rinse
*
2
2 – 3 BV (15 – 22.5 gal/ft3) at approximate
regenerant flow rate with soft water
Typically 30 – 60 minutes, depending on
volume of water applied and flow rate
1 FBV = 1 free bed volume
Purolite® S950Plus 03 2014
PUROLITE ENGINEERING BULLETIN
PUROLITE® S950PLUS
The following graphs show the hydraulic data (backwash expansion and pressure drop) of Purolite S950Plus
when used in aqueous solutions for heavy metal removal and in decalcification of saturated brine solutions.
For projections of operating capacities please contact Purolite.
Figures 1 and 2 indicate heavy metal removal in aqueous solutions.
Figure 1 – Backwash expansion (exhausted form)
Figure 2 – Pressure drop in water
3
Purolite® S950Plus 03 2014
PUROLITE ENGINEERING BULLETIN
PUROLITE® S950PLUS
Figures 3 and 4 depict decalcification of brine
Figure 3 – Backwash expansion in brine (exhausted form)
Figure 4 – Pressure drop in brine
4
Purolite® S950Plus 03 2014
NOTES:
Americas
150 Monument Road
Bala Cynwyd, PA
19004
T +01 800.343.1500
T +01 610.668.9090
F +01 484.384.2751
[email protected]
Europe
Llantrisant Business Park
Llantrisant
Wales, UK
CF72 8LF
T +44 1443 229334
F +44 1443 227073
[email protected]
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
Czech Republic
France
Germany
For further information on
Purolite® products & services
visit www.purolite.com
India
Indonesia
Italy
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Korea
Asia Pacific
Room 707, C Section
Huanglong Century Plaza
No.3 Hangda Road
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310007
T +86 571 876 31382
F +86 571 876 31385
AsiaPacifi[email protected]
Malaysia
Mexico
Poland
Romania
Russia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
South Africa
Spain
Taiwan
UK
Ukraine
USA
Uzbekistan
© 201# Purolite
All rights reserved.