design of foundations for dynamic loads

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Design of Foundations
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Design of Foundations for Dynamic Loads
Purpose and Background
Soil dynamics is the branch of soil mechanics which deals with the behavior of soil and foundations
under dynamic loads. Operation of rotary machines or hammers, and earthquake ground motions
constitute a class of dynamic loads that usually challenge engineers in their design of different kinds
of foundations. The main goal of this seminar is to provide a better understanding to practicing engineers and architects of the design and evaluation of foundations under this class of dynamic loads.
Topics to be discussed include:
1. Basic Principles of Soil Dynamics: Fundamental distinctions between static and dynamic
problems; basic notions of soil dynamics; the nature of different types of dynamic loads; the
significance of soil-structure interaction; dynamic soil properties.
2. Dynamic Properties of Shallow and Pile Foundations: Impedance functions of foundations
and pile groups; definition of stiffness, and damping, for circular shallow foundations and piles;
non-circular shallow foundations; mathematical models for pile analysis.
3. Rotating Machine and Hammer Foundations: Harmonic excitations due to rotary machines;
response of rigid foundations in 1DOF; evaluation of the effects of vibration; coupled response of
rigid foundations in two degrees of freedom; types of hammers and hammer foundations; design
criteria; mathematical models; impact forces and impact eccentricity.
4. Vibration Damage and Remedial Measures for Machine Foundations: Damage and
disturbance; problem assessment and evaluation; remedial principles; examples from different
industries; sources of error.
5. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Fundamentals: Sources of seismic hazard; introduction to seismic waves; ground motion characterization and response spectra; evaluation of soil
dynamic properties; site response analysis.
6. Design of Foundations for Seismic Loads: Dynamic bearing capacity of shallow foundations;
dynamic response analysis of shallow foundations; conventional methods of analysis of piles under seismic loads; seismic analysis of deep caissons; seismic design of retaining walls; solved
examples from industry.
7. Computer applications using DYNA-5: Types of foundations; types of soil models; types of
loads; types of analysis and output; practical applications using DYNA-5.
Learning Outcomes
– Comprehend the basics of soil dynamics as related to soil-structure interaction modeling
– Know the major field tests that are used for evaluating the dynamic soil properties
– Design shallow and pile foundations for rotary machine and seismic loads
– Know the major steps for determining the seismic stability of cantilever and gravity retaining walls
– Apply the capacity spectrum method for evaluating the seismic performance of large caissons
Seminar Benefits
– Understand the behavior of soils under dynamic loading
– Learn about soil-structure interaction and methods of incorporating it in global models
– Learn procedures for equipment foundation design
– Gain insight into the response of centrifugal, reciprocating, and hammerfoundations
– Learn what are the basic dynamic soil properties and the required field tests for its evaluation
– Learn about basic Geotechnical earthquake engineering principles and its relation to global
seismic analyses
– Find out latest procedures on modeling and design of different kinds of foundations for seismic
loads
–Apply the knowledge of analysis and design procedure in hands-on exercises on computers in a
workshop setting
Assessment of Learning Outcomes
Students’ achievement of the learning outcomes will be assessed through solved examples and
problem-solving following each session.
Who Should Attend?
This seminar will be of interest to project managers, structural engineers, geotechnical engineers, and
architects who wish to have a better understanding of the current state-of-the-art with respect to the
analysis and design of flexible, rigid, and pile foundations subjected to all types of dynamic loads. All
key concepts and terminology will be explained and emphasis will be placed on the practical application of the information provided.
Seminar Instructors
M. Hesham El Naggar, Ph.D., P.Eng., P.E., M.ASCE, is a Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Associate Dean of Engineering at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. He is Chair
of Soil Mechanics and Foundation, Division of the Canadian Geotechnical Society and the associate
editor of the Canadian Geotechnical Journal. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.
Professor El Naggar won the G.G. Meyerhof Award and was the 2002 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium Speaker. He has more than 20 years of experience in analysis and design of foundations,
and has taught undergraduate and graduate university courses at University of Western Ontario
since 1990. He is also the recipient of the UWO Faculty of Engineering Science Prize for Outstanding Teaching. He accomplished research projects for the American National Cooperative Highway
Research Program, The Canadian Research Foundation, Berminghammer Foundation Equipment,
and A van Egmond Construction Ltd. He served as a consultant for major projects in Canada, USA,
and Europe.
Ayman Shama, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, is a Principal Engineer with Parsons Corporation in New York.
He is a member of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Structural Institute, and ASCE Technical Committee on Performance of Full-Scale Structures. He has more than 15 years of diversified
experience in the field of earthquake engineering and soil dynamics ranging from academic research
to the practical procedures of analysis and design.
Dr. Shama has been actively involved in the seismic design and analysis of several projects which
emphasized the significance of soil-structure interaction such as the New Tacoma Narrows Bridge in
Washington State, the Williamsburg Bridge in New York City, the North Grand Island Bridge in Upper
New York, The Mount Hope Bridge in Rhode Island, and the Trillium Building in Los Angeles. He has
numerous papers published in peer-reviewed journals in the area of earthquake engineering with
emphasis on bridge substructures. He also has given a number of presentations at distinguished
conferences around the world.
Design of Building Foundations
The webinar-on-CD begins with a brief overview of the modern foundation systems and proceeds
to the discussion of soil-related issues. Without getting overly technical, the instructor explains how
various soils influence the strength and settlement of foundations and what makes these soils behave
differently. With the soil basics explained, the discussion moves to the design of shallow foundations
– wall and column footings and mats. After working through a number of design examples involving simple foundations, you will examine some situations where complex shallow foundations can
be useful. These complex shallow foundations include combined, cantilever, and eccentric footings.
Some relevant code provisions are also discussed. The next topic is deep foundations: deep piers
(caissons), piles and mini-piles. The instructor explains how each system works and shows some
actual designs. 1.5 hours. 0.2 CEUs
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Summary Outline
Day 1
Basic Principles of Soil Dynamics
–Design objectives
–Design procedure
–Basic notions –Mathematical models and degrees
of freedom
–Types of dynamic loads
–Types of foundations
–Excitation forces of machines
–Dynamic soil properties
Dynamic Properties of Shallow
and Pile Foundations
Shallow Foundations
–Stiffness, damping and inertia
–Impedance functions of circular
shallow foundation
–Impedance functions of noncircular shallow foundation
–Effect of embedment
–Nonlinearity and effect of inhomogeneity
–Impedance functions of a layer
on half-space
Pile Foundation
–Examples of piles applications
–Mathematical models for pile analysis
–Stiffness and damping of single piles
–Pile groups and interaction factors
–Impedance functions of pile groups
Day 2
Machine Foundations
–Response of rigid foundations
in 1 DOF
–Effects of vibration
–Response of rigid foundations in
2 DOF and 6 DOF
–Response of structures on
flexible foundations
TIME: 8:30am – 5:30pm
Hammer Foundations
–Mathematical models
–Impact forces
–Response of one mass foundation
–Response of two masses foundation
–Impact eccentricity
Vibration Damage and
Remedial Measures
–Damage and disturbance
–Problem assessment and evaluation
–Remedial principles
–Examples from different industries
–Sources of error
Day 3
Geotechnical Earthquake
Engineering Fundamentals
–Sources of seismic hazard
–Nature of seismic waves
–Damping mechanisms in soil
–Ground motion characterization
–Ground motion Response spectra
–Design response spectra
–Field tests for evaluation of soil dynamic properties
–Site response analysis
Design of Foundations
for Seismic Loads
–Dynamic bearing capacity of shallow foundations
–Incorporation of foundations into global models
–Evaluation of spring constants
–Conventional methods of analysis of pile foundations under seismic loads
–Analysis of deep caissons
–Seismic design of retaining walls
–Solved examples from industry
Computer applications using DYNA-5
–Types of foundations
–Types of soil models
–Types of loads, analysis, and output
–Solved examples
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