Emergency contraception
Transcription
Emergency contraception
Sajid Khan GPST2 Methods of emergency contraception Indications for use of emergency contraception Methods of action Clinical Effectiveness Consultation Emergency contraception- (the morning-after pill) refers to the use of drugs or a device as an emergency measure to prevent pregnancy. Given to ◦ Women who have had recent unprotected sexual intercourse ◦ Failure in another method of contraception Levonorgestrel, LNG (oral pill) ◦ “Levonelle 1500, Levonelle one step” Ulipristal/UPA ◦ “ellaOne” (oral pill) Copper Intrauterine Device Missed cocp Late POP ( >27 hrs for conventional POP,>36 hours for cerazette) Late depot Condom not used/ condom accident IUD removal, expulsion, lost threads Enzyme inducing drugs and failure to use extra precautions Levonelle 1500 (pom); Levonelle one step; A progesterone; single 1.5mg dose Licensed for use up to 72 hours after UPSI or contraceptive failure Mechanism of action: works primarily by inhibition of ovulation. LNG appears to prevent follicular rupture or cause luteal dysfunction. LNG taken prior to the LH surge has been shown to result in ovulatory dysfunction in the subsequent 5 days. Inhibit ovulation for 5–7 days, by which time any sperm in the reproductive tract will have become non-viable. A selective progesterone receptor modulator; single dose 30 mg. Licensed for use up to 120 hours after UPSI or contraceptive failure. Cost £16.95 Mechanism of action: ; delays LH surge and has effect on follicular rupture; Affects hormonal contraception for a short while afterwards(extra barrier protection cocp 14 days, pop 9 days) Copper IUD; can be used up to 5 days following first UPSI in cycle or within 5 days from the earliest estimated day of ovulation. Mechanism of action: copper toxic to sperm and ovum; primarily inhibits fertilisation (and implantation) Effectiveness >99% at any time of cycle IUD >99% effective LNG up to 95% within 24 hrs up to 85% within 25-48 hrs up to 58% within 49-72 hrs UPA at least as effective as LNG up to 120 hours Ulipristal acetate versus levonorgestrel for emergency contraception: a randomised noninferiority trial and meta-analysis. Glasier AF et al Lancet. 2010 Two randomised controlled trials ◦ 1696 women received emergency contraception within 72 h of sexual intercourse (ulipristal acetate, n=844; levonorgestrel, n=852). There were 15 pregnancies in the ulipristal acetate group (1.8%,) and 22 in the levonorgestrel group (2.6%). ◦ In 203 women who received emergency contraception between 72 h and 120 h after sexual intercourse, there were three pregnancies, all of which were in the levonorgestrel group. ◦ Pregnancy rate lower in UPA than LNG Date of LMP; Time since UPSI Previous UPSI this cycle? EC used this cycle? Discussed oral method v IUD? Ongoing contraception discussed? Health promotion ◦ Need STI screen? ◦ Given leaflets for contraception ◦ Condoms offered if needed? Advised PT in 3weeks if no period Any Questions