Unit 8 Packet pdf

Transcription

Unit 8 Packet pdf

Name: __________________________
Period: ___________
Unit 8 Packet – Stoichiometry I
Packet Contents Sheet (This Page)
Unit 8 Objectives
More Practice in Writing and Balancing Equations
Mole Ratios
Worksheet 1: Mole Relationships
Worksheet 2: Percent Yield
Worksheet 3: Adjusting to Reality- Limiting
Reactant (3 pages)
Worksheet 4- Samples of Every Kind
Unit 8 Study Guide
DO NOT, under any circumstances, throw this away!
This packet MUST be saved for the final exam.
Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet
Page | 1
Unit 8 – Stoichiometry I - Learning Goal:
Students can determine moles of mass of a reactant or product and
percent yield from a balanced chemical equation and amount of one
substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple reactants,
students will be able to determine and use the limiting reactant.
Scale
Score
Score 4
Comment
Without any major errors, students can independently:
 Students can determine and represent moles of mass of a
reactant or product and percent yield using particle models from a
balanced chemical equation and amount of one substance in the
reaction. Given quantities of multiple reactants, students will be
able to determine and use the limiting reactant.
Score 3
Without any major errors, students can independently:
 Students can determine moles of mass of a reactant or product
and percent yield from a balanced chemical equation and amount
of one substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple
reactants, students will be able to determine and use the limiting
reactant.
Score 2
With one or two major errors, students can independently:
 Students can understand that moles of mass of a reactant or
product and percent yield can be determined from a balanced
chemical equation and amount of one substance in the reaction.
Given quantities of multiple reactants, students will be able to use
the limiting reactant.
Score 1
With help from the teacher, students can:
 Students can determine moles of mass of a reactant or product
and percent yield from a balanced chemical equation and amount
of one substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple
reactants, students will be able to determine and use the limiting
reactant.
Score 0
Even with the teachers help, students show no understanding or ability to:

Students can determine moles of mass of a reactant or product and
percent yield from a balanced chemical equation and amount of one
substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple reactants,
students will be able to determine and use the limiting reactant.
Page | 2
Name
Date
Pd
Chemistry Unit 8
More practice in writing and balancing equations
Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
1. Zinc reacts with hydrogen chloride to form zinc chloride.
2. Sodium oxide reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide.
3. Iron metal reacts with water to form Fe3O4 and hydrogen gas.
4. Aluminum bromide reacts with chlorine gas to produce aluminum chloride and
liquid bromine.
5. Nitric acid (HNO3) reacts with barium hydroxide to produce barium nitrate and
water.
6. Calcium sulfite decomposes when heated to form calcium oxide and sulfur
dioxide.
7. Iron reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form iron(II) sulfate and hydrogen gas.
8. Ammonia (NH3) burns in air to form nitrogen dioxide and water.
9. Carbon disulfide burns in air to form carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
Page | 3
10. Lead (II) carbonate reacts with nitric acid to form lead (II) nitrate, water and
carbon dioxide.
11. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes to produce liquid water and oxygen gas.
12. Magnesium chlorate decomposes to form magnesium chloride and oxygen gas.
13. Sodium sulfide reacts with nickel(II) nitrate to form nickel sulfide and sodium
nitrate.
14. Aluminum, when hot enough, burns in air to form aluminum oxide.
15. Copper(II) oxide, heated in the presence of methane gas (CH4), produces pure
copper metal and the gases carbon dioxide and water.
16. Solutions of sodium carbonate and iron(III) chloride react to form solid iron(III)
carbonate and sodium chloride in solution.
Page | 4
Mole Ratios
1. Lead will react with hydrochloric acid to produce lead (II) chloride
and hydrogen gas. How many moles of hydrochloric acid are
needed to completely react with 4.0 mole of lead?
Equation:
Before:
Change
After
2. How many moles of hydrogen gas will be produced if 2.5 moles of
calcium hydride react according to the following equation?
CaH2
+ 2 H2O  Ca(OH)2
+
2 H2
Before:
Change
After
3. How many moles of water will be produced if 0.45 mol of oxygen
reacts according to the following equation?
2 C6H6 + 15 O2  12 CO2
+ 6 H2O
Before:
Change
After
Page | 5
Name
Date
Pd
Unit 8 Worksheet 1: Mole relationships
For each of the problems below:
a. Write the balanced chemical equation
b. Identify what is given (with units) and what you want to find (with units)
c. Use coefficients from balanced equation to determine mole ratio.
d. Show set up (organize it!).
1. Hydrogen sulfide gas, which smells like rotten eggs, burns in air to produce
sulfur dioxide and water. How many moles of oxygen gas would be needed to
completely burn 8 moles of hydrogen sulfide?
Equation:
___ H2S(g) + ___ O2 (g)  ___ SO2(g) + ___ H2O(g)
Before:
___
___
___
___
Change
___
___
___
___
After
___
___
___
___
2. Propane, C3H8, burns in air to form carbon dioxide and water. If 12 moles of
carbon dioxide are formed, how many moles of propane were burned?
Equation:
Before:
Change
After
3. Ammonia, NH3, for fertilizer is made by causing hydrogen and nitrogen to react
at high temperature and pressure. How many moles of ammonia can be made
from 0.15 moles of nitrogen gas?
Equation:
Before:
Change
After
Page | 6
4. The poison gas phosgene, COCl2, reacts with water in the lungs to form
hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide. How many moles of hydrochloric acid
would be formed by 0.835 moles of phosgene?
Equation:
Before:
Change
After
5. Iron metal and oxygen combine to form the magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3O4. How
many moles of iron can be converted to magnetite by 8.80 moles of pure oxygen?
(make your BCA table)
How many moles of iron oxide would be produced?
6. The recipe for Coca-Cola Classic is a closely guarded secret. Researchers outside the
company believe the flavoring mixture, known as “7X”, contains oils of orange, lemon,
nutmeg, cinnamon, and coriander. The original mixture also contained caffeine, vanilla,
caramel, lime juice, sugar or artificial sweetener, and citric acid.
Over the years, the recipe has changed. For example, the original recipe contained
citric acid but this was combined with phosphoric acid to cut production costs. Corn
syrup replaced sugar for the same reason.
C8H10N4O2 + 4 H3PO4 + 6 CO2
products
caffeine
phosphoric acid
+ other ingredients  C6H5CO2K + other
potassium benzoate
To produce 1000 cans of Coca-Cola Classic, 40g (0.21 moles) of caffeine are reacted with
phosphoric acid and other ingredients. How many moles of phosphoric acid are
required?
How many moles of carbon dioxide are required?
Page | 7
Name
Date
Pd
Stoichiometry Worksheet 2: Percent Yield
For each of the problems below:
a. Write the balanced chemical equation
b. Identify the given (with units) and what you want to find (with units)
c. Show set up with units. Check sig figs, give final answer with units and label.
1. Using the Hoffman apparatus for electrolysis, a chemist decomposes 36 g of
water into its gaseous elements. How many grams of hydrogen gas should she
get (theoretical yield)?
Bal. Equation:
Before
Change
After
2. Recall that liquid sodium reacts with chlorine gas to produce sodium chloride.
You want to produce 581 g of sodium chloride. How many grams of sodium are
needed?
3. You eat 180.0 g of glucose (90 M&Ms). If glucose, C6H12O6, reacts with oxygen
gas to produce carbon dioxide and water, how many grams of oxygen will you
have to breathe in to burn the glucose?
4. Suppose 4.61 g of zinc was allowed to react with hydrochloric acid to produce
zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. How much zinc chloride should you get?
Suppose that you actually recovered 8.56 g of zinc chloride. What is your
percent yield?
Page | 8
5. Determine the mass of carbon dioxide that should be produced in the reaction
between 3.74 g of carbon and excess O2. What is the % yield if 11.34 g of CO2 is
recovered?
6. In the reaction between excess K(s) and 4.28 g of O2(g), potassium oxide is
formed . What mass would you expect to form (theoretical yield)? If 17.36 g of
K2O is actually produced, what is the percent yield?
7. Determine the mass of carbon dioxide one could expect to form (and the percent
yield) for the reaction between excess CH4 and 11.6 g of O2 if 5.38 g of carbon
dioxide gas is produced along with some water vapor.
8. Determine the mass of water vapor you would expect to form (and the percent
yield) in the reaction between 15.8 g of NH3 and excess oxygen to produce water
and nitric oxide (NO). The mass of water actually formed is 21.8 g.
Check your answers (1) 4.0 g H2
(5) 13.73 g CO2, 82.6%
(2) 228 g Na
(6) 25.3 g K2O, 68.8%
(3) 192 g O2
(4) 9.61 g Zn, 89.1%
(7) 7.99 CO2, 67.4% (8) 25.1 g H2O, 86.9%
Page | 9
Name
Date
Pd
Chemistry Unit 8
Worksheet 3: Adjusting to Reality - Limiting Reactant
1. Write the balanced equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
Balanced Equation:
__________
Suppose that 4 molecules of hydrogen gas and 4 molecules of oxygen gas react to
form water.
Make a drawing that represents the reaction container before and after the
reaction.
Before
After
How many molecules of water can be produced?
Which reactant is in excess? Why?
How many molecules of excess reactant are there?
Construct a Before-Change-After Table for this reactant mixture:
Bal. Equation:
Before: __________________________________________
Change:__________________________________________
After:
___________________________________________
According to the table you just made,
How many molecules of water can be produced?
Based on your two methods of analysis above, what determines how much product
can be made from a particular reactant mix?
Page | 10
2. Write the equation for the formation of ammonia from nitrogen gas and
hydrogen gas.
Balanced Equation:
Given 6 molecules of nitrogen and 12 molecules of hydrogen, make a drawing
that represents the reaction container before and after the reaction.
Before
After
How many molecules of ammonia can be produced?
__________ How many molecules of excess reactant are there?
Construct a Before-Change-After Table for this reactant mixture:
Bal. Equation:
Before: __________________________________________
Change:__________________________________________
After:
___________________________________________
According to the table you just made,
How many molecules of ammonia can be produced?
Describe what you must look for in a particular reactant mixture to decide which
reactant will be in excess (have some left over after the reaction):
Page | 11
3. When 0.50 mole of aluminum reacts with 0.72 mole of iodine to form aluminum
iodide, how many moles of the excess reactant will remain? ____________
How many moles of aluminum iodide will be formed? _____________
Bal. Equation:
Before: __________________________________________
Change:__________________________________________
After:
___________________________________________
4. When sodium hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), water and sodium
sulfate are the products. Calculate the mass of sodium sulfate produced when
15.5 g of sodium hydroxide are reacted with 46.7 g of sulfuric acid. [Hint: which
unit is used in all stoichiometry reasoning?]
5. A 14.6 g sample of oxygen gas is placed in a sealed container with 2.5 g of
hydrogen gas. The mixture is sparked, producing water vapor. Calculate the
mass of water formed. Calculate the number of moles of the excess reactant
remaining.
6. Neuroscientists believe that the only chemical in chocolate that
may have a feel-good effect on the human brain is
phenylethylamine (PEA). Although the PEA in chocolate
occurs naturally, PEA can be made in the laboratory by the
following reaction:
phenylethylamine
CH5NO2
H2O
+
ammonium formate
C8H8O
acetophenone
 C8H11N
+
CO2
+
phenylethylamine
(PEA)
How much PEA can be made from 75.0g of ammonium formate and 125g of
acetophenone? What mass of the excess reactant remains?
4. 27.5 g
5. 16.4 g, 0.34 moles xs
6. 126 g, 9.45g xs
Page | 12
Name
Date
Pd
Chemistry Unit 8 Worksheet 4
Samples of Every Kind of Problem
Write a complete solution to each of the problems below. Follow the procedure
outlined in class. Be sure to circle your final answer.
1. Calculate the number of moles of potassium chlorate, KClO3 (s), that must
decompose to produce potassium chloride, KCl (s), and 1.8 moles of oxygen gas.
2. In a single displacement reaction, magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric
acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. How many moles of
hydrochloric acid are needed to completely react with 2.43 g of magnesium?
3. Ethane, C2H6 reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and water
vapor. What mass of oxygen gas is required to react with 2.20 moles of ethane?
4. Determine the mass of sodium nitrate produced when 0.73 g of nickel (II)
nitrate reacts with sodium hydroxide according to the following equation:
Ni(NO3)2 + 2 NaOH --> Ni(OH)2 + 2 NaNO3
Page | 13
5. In the copper–silver nitrate lab copper metal and silver nitrate solution reacted
to produce silver metal and copper(II) nitrate in solution.
A student placed a copper wire with a mass of 2.93 g in the reaction test tube.
The silver nitrate solution contained 1.41 g of silver nitrate.
He obtained 0.87 g of silver metal. Calculate the percent yield of silver.
6. When hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to sodium hydrogen carbonate, the
products are water, aqueous sodium chloride and carbon dioxide gas. What is
the per cent yield if 4.68 g of CO2 are collected when 10.0 g of sodium hydrogen
carbonate reacts with excess HCl?
7. Phosphorus and bromine react vigorously together to form phosphorus
tribromide. If 5.0 g of phosphorus and 35 g of bromine react, how many grams of
PBr3 could be produced?
8. Zinc sulfide and oxygen gas react to form zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide.
Determine the amount of ZnO that should be produced in a reaction between
46.5 g of ZnS and 13.3 g of oxygen. What is the mass of the xs reactant?
1. 1.2 moles KClO3
5. 97%
2. 0.200 moles HCl
6. 89.3%
7. 39 g PBr3
3. 246 g O2
4. 0.68 g NaNO3
8. 22.5 g ZnO, 19.5g ZnS xs
Page | 14
Name ________________________
Period ________________________
Unit 8 Study Guide: Stoichiometry
Naming and Formula Writing
1. Write the name or formula for each of the following compounds.
AlCl3
(NH4)2SO4
Mercury (II) bromide
Cu2S
I4O10
Sodium nitrite
NaNO3
NiP
Magnesium hydroxide
PCl3
CrBr3
Carbon trisulfide
Chemical Equations
2. Balance the following equations
a. ___N2 + ___H2  ___NH3
b. ___KClO3  ___KCl + ____O2
c. Aluminum bromide reacts with potassium sulfate to yield potassium bromide and
aluminum sulfate.
d. Sodium and water form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
e. Silver oxide decomposes to form silver and oxygen.
Stoichiometry
3. Aluminum reacts with oxygen to form aluminum oxide.
a. How many moles of aluminum are needed to form 2.3 moles of aluminum
oxide?
Page | 15
b. How many moles of oxygen will react completely with 8.4 moles of aluminum?
4. Calcium chloride reacts with potassium sulfide to produce potassium chloride and
calcium sulfide. How many grams of potassium chloride are produced when 50.0 grams
of calcium chloride react with xs potassium sulfide?
% yield
5. Define
actual yield
theoretical yield
percent yield.
6. In the reaction between excess K(s) and 4.28 g of O2(g), potassium oxide is formed.
What mass would you expect to form? If 17.36 g of K2O is actually produced, what is
the percent yield?
Limiting Reactant
7. Predict the products for the following: Silver nitrate reacts with barium chloride to
produce _______________ and _________________?
Now, write a balanced equation.
8. Using the equation above if 5.0 g of silver nitrate react with 4.0 g of barium chloride
how much silver chloride will be produced? What is the limiting reactant? How many
grams of excess reagent remains?
Page | 16

Unit 8 Packet pdf

Transcription

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