EDUCATION - WordPress.com

EDUCATION
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The MoHRD has two Departments i.e. Department of School Education & Literacy (DoSE&L) and
Department of Higher Education (DoHE).
Vision for DoSE&L is to ensure education of equitable quality for all to fully harness the nation’s
human potential
Vision for DoHE is to realize India’s human resources potential to its fullest in the education
sector, with equity and excellence.
A good quality human resource base is extremely important in today’s highly competitive
environment. This has evolved from income to income distribution to human resource
development; this is the very reason for the marked shift from the welfare approach of
education to the right based approach, providing the foundation for thr right to dignified living
through its transformative potential to development.
RTE (Right to Education)
o To Achieve “Education for All” with an inclusive approach, so to strengthen the
foundation and to achieve the goal of universal access to quality education for all, RTE
Act 2009 became operative in April 2010.
o Art 21-A of the Indian Constitution.
MDM (Mid Day Meal)
o To Enhance enrolment, retention and attendance and simultaneously improving
nutritional levels among children, includes Centrally Sponsored Scheme “National
Programme of Nutritional Supprt to Primary Education (NP-NSPE)” to cover upper and
primary class and changed to “National Programme of Mid-Day Meal (MDM) in
schools”.
o All primary and upper primary Govt., Govt. aided Local body Schools, National Child
Labour Projects (NCLP) Schools, the centre run under Education Guaratntee Scheme
(EGS)/ Alternative & Innovation Education (AIE); Madarsas and Maqtabs supported
under SSA also covered under MDM (*)
o Objective of MDM are –
 Improving Nutritional status of children from 1-8 in *
 Encouraging poor children, belonging to disadvantaged section to attend
regularly and help them concentrate on classroom
 Providing nutritional support to children of elementary stage in droughtaffected areas during summer vacation
Scheme for Providing Quality Education for Madaraas (SPQEM)
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Salient features are as follows-
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Strengthen capacities in Madarsas for teaching of the formal curriculum
subjects like Science, Mathematics, language, Social Studies etc. through
enhanced payment of teacher honorarium
Training of such teachers every 2 years in new pedagogical practices
Providing science labs, computer labs with annual maintenance costs in
secondary and higher secondary stage madarsas
Provision of science/mathematics kits in primary/upper primary level
madarsas
Strengthening of libraries/book banks and providing teaching learning
materials at all levels of madarsas.
Encourage links with NIOS which will enable children studying to get
certificate for class 5,8,10 and 12 which enable transit to higher studies and
quality standards; Registration and exam fees to NIOS covered under
scheme
NIOS linkage will be extended under this scheme for Vocational Education at
the secondary and higher secondary stage of madarsas.
SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan)
o Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) to achieve the goals of universal access and retention,
bridging the gender and social gaps in enrolment levels and enhancement of learning
levels of all children.
o SSA attempts to reach out to girls and children belonging to SC, ST and minority
communities plus urban deprived children, children affected by periodic migration and
living in remote and scattered habitations.
o Identified Special Focus Districts on basis of adverse performance on indicators of girl’s
enrolment.
o RTE-SSA focus on girls, children of disadvantaged groups and weaker sections;
availability of primary and upper primary schools with RTE Rules, uniform, textbooks etc
Mahila Samakhya Programme (1989)
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Emphasis on girls, Mahila Samakhya (MS), special focus on the Educationally Backward
Blocks (EBBs) is a unique, process-oriented programme which has demonstrated ways of
empowering rural poor and marginalized women.
Objective in which education can serve the objectives of women’s equality and where
women can seek knowledge and information and empower them.
Scheme for Secondary Education are as followso
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) (2009)
 Objective to enhance access to secondary education and improve its quality.
Enhance the enrolment at secondary stage, by providing secondary school, with
reasonable distance of habitation, with aim to ensure GER of 100% by 2017 and
universal retention by 2020.
 Improving quality of education imparted at secondary level through making all
secondary schools conform to prescribed norms, removing gender, socioeconomic and disability barriers.
 At Secondary level RMSA is supporting open schooling system to enhance
access, equity, quality and management mainly in deprived part and in large
underprivileged and give opportunity to move ahead towards equity and social
justice.
Setting up of Model Schools
Setting up Girls Hostels in Secondary and Senior Secondary Schools
National scheme of incentive to Girls for secondary Education (NSIGSE) (2008)
 Objective to establish an enabling environment to reduce the dropouts and to
promote the enrolment of girl children, belonging to SC/ST communities in
secondary schools.
 It covers, all girls belonging to SC/ST communities, who pass 8th; All girls who
pass 8th from Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas and enroll in class 9th in Govt.,
Govt. aided and local body schools.
Inclusive Education for the Disabled at the Secondary Stage (IEDSS)
National Merit-cum-means- Scholarship Scheme (NMMS) (2008)
 Objective- Award scholarships to meritorious students of economically weaker
sections to arrest their drop out at class 8th and encourage them to continue
study at secondary and higher secondary stage upto class 12th in Govt., Govt.
aided and local body schools.
Scheme of ICT in School
Vocationalisation of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education
 Revised approved by Cabinet Committee on Skill Development, continued
during 12th FYP.
 Objectives to enhance the employability of youth through demand driven
competency based, modular vocational courses; to maintain their
competitiveness through provisions of multi-entry, multi-exit learning
opportunities and vertical mobility/interchange ability in qualification
 To fill gap between educated and employable and to reduce the dropout rate at
the secondary level and decrease the pressure on academic higher education
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HIGHER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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The National Policy on Education-1986 revised in 1992 states that in Higher Education in general
and Technical Education in particular, steps will be taken to facilitate inter-regional mobility by
providing equal access to every Indian of requisite merit, regardless of their origins.
REFORMS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
SOME IMPORTANT BODIES
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Universities Grants Commission (UGC)
o Statutory Organisation established by an Act of Parliament in 1956 for the promotion
and coordination of university education and for the determination of teaching,
examination, research and extension in Universities and maintenance of standards
Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR)
o Established by Govt. of India in 1972 as an autonomous body to encourage objective
and scientific research in various aspects of History.
o Objective- to give a proper direction to historical research, encourage ad foster
objective and scientific writing of history, not only form the point of view of national
integration but also to inculcate respect for our cultural heritage without encouraging a
blind acceptance of obscurantism and revivalism in historical writings.
o Mandate are as follows
INDIAN COUNCIL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH (ICSSR) (1969)
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Set up by the Govt. of India
Objectives are to promote research in Social Sciences and to facilitate its utilization by the
concerned stakeholder, the State Govt., coordinate and develop skills to undertake research in
social development.
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
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Objective of the scheme was to setup one model Degree College in each of the identified 374
Districts with Gross Enrolment Ratio lesser than National Average.
Funding shared on 50-50 for Special Category states, all N-E states, Sikkim, J&K, HP, Uttarkhand
and 65:35 for other states, centre bearing 65% of the capital cost.
National Literacy Mission Authority (NLMA)
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Independent and autonomous wing of the Dept. to promote Literacy and adult education and to
achieve the goals spelt out in the National Policy on Education.
It is operating and implementing organization at national level for all the activities envisaged in
National Literacy Mission and has to undertake such other activities for adult education.
Policy and Planning of adult education, implementation of literacy and adult education
programme, Monitoring, Research and Evaluation, Advocacy and Environment Building,
technology Infusion, Capacity Building, International Cooperation and publications.
National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
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It Is Centrally Sponsored scheme to leverage the potential of ICT, in teaching and learning
process for the benefit of all learning in Higher Education Institutions in anytime anywhere
mode.
Seeks to bridge the digital divide i.e. the gap in the skills to use computing devices for the
purpose of teaching and learning among urban and rural teachers/learners in Higher Education
domain and empower those, who have remained untouched by the digital revolution and have
not been able to join the mainstream of the knowledge economy.
Focus on e-learning, providing facility of performing experiments through virtual laboratories,
on-line testing and certification, online availability of teachers to guide and mentor learners,
utilization of available Education Satellite (EduSAT) and Direct to Home (DTH) platforms,
training and empowerment of teachers to effectively use the new method of teaching learning
etc.
Education of SC/ST and Minorites (Similar given in FR and DPSP and Constitution)
PROGRAMMES/ SCHEMES FOR SC/STs
Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowships for SC/ST
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Funded by the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment and Ministry of Tribal Affairs and
implemented by the UGC.
Objective is to provide fellowships in the form of financial assistance to unemployed students
belonging to SC/ST to pursue higher studies leading to M.Phil and Ph.D Degrees full time.
PG Scholarships for Students belonging to SC/ST
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Provide financial assistance to 1000 SC/ST candidate to pursue PG level studies
PD Fellowships for SC/ST
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Undertake advanced studies and Post Doctoral Research.
Remedial Coaching for SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy) & Minorities
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Coaching to come up to the level necessary for pursuing higher studies efficiently and to reduce
their failure and dropout rate, UGC provides financial assistance for conducting special classes
outside the regular time table.
Coaching for NET/SET for SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy) & Minorities
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Preparing for appearing in NET/SET so that sufficient number of candidates becomes available
for selection of Lecturers in the University system from these groups.
Establishment of Residential Coaching Academics of SC/ST/Minorities & Women
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To get gainful employment in Group A,B,C Central services, State services or equivalent
positions in the private sector.
Establishment of Equal Opportunity Cells (EOC) for SC/ST/OBC & Minorities
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To make colleges and universities more responsive to the needs an constraints of the
disadvantaged social groups, the UGC established EOC to oversee the effective implementation
of policies and programmes of these groups.
Opening of centers for Studies in Social Exclusion & Inclusive Policy
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Centers including conceptualizing discrimination, exclusion and inclusion based on
caste/ethnicity and religion; developing understanding of nature and dynamics of
discrimination and exclusion; developing understanding of discrimination at an empirical level;
formulation policy for protecting the rights of these groups and eradicating the problems of
exclusion and discrimination.
National Monitoring Committee for Minorities Education (NMCME)
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Monitor related schemes and programmes being implemented by the MHRD
Suggest modifications in these schemes with a view to cater to the needs of the minority
communities
After going previous reports, recommend to Govt. suitable monitoring mechanism for minority
related programmes being run by the MoHRD.
International Cooperation