Lesson 1 | Energy Processing in Plants

Lesson 1 | Energy Processing in Plants
Student Labs and Activities
Page
Appropriate For:
Launch Lab
8
all students
Content Vocabulary ELL
9
all students
Lesson Outline ELL
10
all students
MiniLab
12
all students
Content Practice A
13
AL
AL
AL
Content Practice B
14
AL
OL
BL
School to Home
15
Key Concept Builders
16
Enrichment
20
Challenge
21
AL
AL
BL
Lesson Quiz A
22
AL
AL
AL
Lesson Quiz B
23
AL
OL
BL
all students
AL
AL
AL
all students
Assessment
Teacher Support
Answers (with Lesson Outlines)
AL Approaching Level
T2
OL On Level
BL Beyond Level
ELL English-Language Learner
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Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any ELL student’s proficiency level.
Plant Processes and Reproduction
7
Name
Date
Launch Lab
Class
LESSON 1: 20 minutes
How can you show the movement of materials in a plant?
Most parts of plants need water. They also need a system to move water throughout the
plant so cells can use it for plant processes. Plants that have enough water are rigid, or firm;
those that are lacking water become limp and droopy.
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Gently pull two stalks from the base of
a bunch of celery. Leave one stalk
complete. Use a paring knife to
carefully cut the bottom of the second
stalk directly across.
food coloring into the water. Place
one celery stalk in each beaker.
4. After 20 min, observe the celery near
the bottom of each stalk. Observe
again after 24 h. Record your
observations in your Science Journal.
3. Put 100 mL of water in each of two
beakers. Place 3–4 drops of blue
Think About This
1. What happened near the bottom of each celery stalk?
3.
8
Key Concept What did the colored water do? Why do you think this occurred?
Plant Processes and Reproduction
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2. Why do you think the blue color is only in part of the stalks?
Name
Date
Class
Content Vocabulary
LESSON 1
Energy Processing in Plants
Directions: Complete this chart by writing your answers in the correct spaces. Then answer each question on the
lines provided using the terms listed below.
cellular respiration
energy
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In which organelle does this
process occur?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
What are the reactants of this
process?
What are the products of this
process?
7. Plants conduct both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. How are these two
processes related?
8. What is the energy source that drives photosynthesis?
Plant Processes and Reproduction
9
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 1
Energy Processing in Plants
A. Materials for Plant Processes
1. To survive, plants must be able to move materials throughout their
, make their own
down food into a usable form of energy.
, and break
2. Just like cells in other organisms, plant cells require
to
survive and carry on cell processes.
3. Roots absorb
, which travels inside xylem cells in roots
and stems up to leaves.
4. Leaves produce
, which is a form of chemical energy.
B. Photosynthesis
1.
is a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy,
water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen.
2. Green
are the major food-producing organs of plants.
3. The cells that make up the top and bottom layers of a leaf are flat, irregularly
shaped cells called
cells.
called
.
5. Mesophyll cells contain the organelle where photosynthesis occurs,
the
.
6. In the first step of photosynthesis, plants capture the energy
in
.
7. Chemicals that can absorb and reflect light are called
8. The pigment
.
reflects green light,
other colors of light, and uses this energy for
photosynthesis.
9. During photosynthesis,
molecules are split apart,
releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
10.
are made in the second step of photosynthesis.
11. Photosynthesis is important because it produces as much as 90 percent of the
in the atmosphere.
10
Plant Processes and Reproduction
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4. On the lower epidermal layer of leaves are small openings
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
C. Cellular Respiration
1.
is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy
in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.
2. During respiration,
molecules are broken down into
smaller amounts, called ATP molecules.
3. Cellular respiration is important to plants because without it they could not
, reproduce, or repair tissues.
4. The products, or end substances, of photosynthesis are
and the energy-rich molecule
5. Most plants, some protists, and some
.
carry on
photosynthesis.
6. Cellular respiration requires the reactants
produces carbon dioxide and
the form of ATP.
7. Life on Earth depends on a balance of
and oxygen,
, and releases energy in
and cellular
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
respiration.
Plant Processes and Reproduction
11
Name
Date
MiniLab
Class
LESSON 1: 20 minutes
Can you bag the healthiest radish?
Plants perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Can you observe both
processes in radish seedlings?
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Put potting soil in the bottom of a
small, self-sealing plastic bag so
that it is 3–4 cm deep. Dampen the soil.
3. Drop several radish seeds into the bag
and close the top, but allow a small
opening so air can still get into the bag.
use a different light source. Observe for
4–5 days.
5. Carefully place an open container
of bromthymol blue (0.004%)
solution upright in the bag next to
the seedlings. Seal the bag. Observe the
next day. Record your observations in
your Science Journal.
4. Place the bag upright in a place that
has a light source. Each group should
Analyze and Conclude
1. Describe the differences in seedling samples among groups. Why are there differences?
solution change?
3.
12
Key Concept What processes occurred in the seedlings? Explain your answer.
Plant Processes and Reproduction
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2. Evaluate What change in the bromthymol blue solution did you observe? Why did the
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 1
Energy Processing in Plants
Directions: Complete the flowchart by writing the correct term from the word bank on each line.
carbon dioxide
energy
hydrogen
oxygen
plant chlorophyll
sugar molecules
molecules
Photosynthesis
Light energy is absorbed by (1)
.
Chlorophyll transfers (2)
Water (3)
to other plant molecules.
split.
(5)
splits into
carbon and oxygen atoms.
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(4)
is released
into the atmosphere.
These atoms combine with
(6)
atoms to
form sugar molecules.
(7)
act as
an energy source.
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
8. What would happen if a plant never received any light energy?
9. How do animals depend on photosynthesis?
Plant Processes and Reproduction
13
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice B
LESSON 1
Energy Processing in Plants
ATP
carbon dioxide
chlorophyll
chloroplasts
energy
glucose
mesophyll cells
mitochondria
oxygen
phloem
1
2
3
4
5
7
6
8
Clues
Across
1. type of cell that contains chloroplasts
4. plant pigment necessary for
photosynthesis
6. site of cellular respiration
9. usable power
Down
2. gas needed for photosynthesis
3. sugar molecule created by photosynthesis
4. where light energy is captured
5. vascular tissue that carries food to the
plant
7. usable form of energy
8. gas released during photosynthesis
14
Plant Processes and Reproduction
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
9
Name
Date
School to Home
Class
LESSON 1
Energy Processing in Plants
Directions: Use your textbook to respond to each statement.
1. To survive, plants must be able to move materials throughout their cells.
Identify the two types of vascular tissues that move materials through plants and
describe the function of each type.
2. Plants use photosynthesis to convert light energy into food energy.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Describe the two basic steps in the process of photosynthesis.
3. Cellular respiration allows organisms to break down sugar and use it to
perform life functions.
Explain the process of cellular respiration.
4. Life on Earth depends on a balance of photosynthesis and respiration.
Tell how the two processes work in a cycle.
Plant Processes and Reproduction
15
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
Energy Processing in Plants
Key Concept How do materials move through plants?
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. Name two types of vascular tissue found in most plants.
2. Through which type of vascular tissue is water transported from the roots to the
stem?
3. Which vascular tissue only allows for the one-way flow of materials?
4. Name three functions needed for a plant to survive:
• Move
• Make
5. Through which type of vascular tissue is sugar produced in the leaves transported
to other plant cells?
6. How does water vapor escape from the plant?
7. Through which vascular tissue is energy brought to cells throughout the plant?
8. Through what structure do carbon dioxide and oxygen pass in and out of the plant?
16
Plant Processes and Reproduction
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• Break
Name
Date
Key Concept Builder
Class
LESSON 1
Energy Processing in Plants
Key Concept How do plants perform photosynthesis?
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided.
1. What is photosynthesis?
2. What is taken
into the plant?
3. In what part of a
leaf is light
trapped?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
STEP 1
4. What happens to
water molecules?
6. Why is this
important for
life on Earth?
5. What gas is
released?
7. Write a summary of what happens during Step 1 of photosynthesis.
8. What was needed
in Step 1 that is
not needed in
Step 2?
9. What happens to
carbon dioxide?
10. What atoms
combine?
12. What happens
to this
product?
STEP 2
11. What forms?
13. Write a summary of what happens during Step 2 of photosynthesis.
Plant Processes and Reproduction
17
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
Energy Processing in Plants
Key Concept What is cellular respiration?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the
statement is false, change the underlined term to make it true. Write the correct term on the line provided.
1. Energy is required by all organisms for life.
2. Cellular respiration converts energy from the Sun into food molecules.
3. Glucose molecules are broken down into carbon and oxygen.
4. The process of cellular respiration is necessary for a plant to grow and
reproduce.
5. Cellular respiration takes place in chloroplasts.
6. Cellular respiration requires water and produces carbon dioxide as a waste
7. Cells must be able to break down glucose because the energy stored in it is too
powerful for cells to use it all at once.
8. The chemical bonds in food molecules provide energy for life.
9. The ability of a plant to repair tissue depends on cellular respiration.
10. Cellular respiration involves a series of chemical reactions.
11. ATP molecules result from the breakdown of water and oxygen.
12. Cellular respiration can occur without photosynthesis.
18
Plant Processes and Reproduction
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
product.
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
Energy Processing in Plants
Key Concept What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Directions: Put a check mark in the appropriate space to show which process is being explained.
Process
Photosynthesis
Cellular
Respiration
1. Carbon dioxide is one of the reactants.
2. Energy in the form of ATP is released.
3. Glucose is a product.
4. This occurs within chloroplasts.
5. This process requires light energy.
6. One of the products is water.
7. Sunlight is needed for this process.
8. This process takes place in mitochondria.
9. The result is a usable form of energy called ATP.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
10. Oxygen must be present as a reactant.
11. Life depends on this process.
12. This occurs in plants.
13. Oxygen is released from the plant.
14. These processes are interrelated.
15. Water molecules are split apart.
16. Atoms combine to form sugar.
17. This is required for growth and tissue repair.
18. It produces 90 percent of oxygen in the
atmosphere.
Directions: Answer the question on the lines provided.
19. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration interrelated?
Plant Processes and Reproduction
19
Name
Date
Class
Enrichment
LESSON 1
Plant Respiration
Green plants perform photosynthesis,
but all living things perform cellular
respiration. You have learned that cellular
respiration produces the energy molecule
ATP from glucose and oxygen. It is ATP
that fuels animal bodies for running,
finding food, and all the other things for
which we need energy. But if a plant makes
its own food, why does it need to perform
cellular respiration to get ATP?
Why Do Plants Perform Cellular
Respiration?
Look at the chemical equation for
cellular respiration. C6H12O6 (one molecule
of glucose) and 6O2 (six molecules of
oxygen) react together to produce 6CO2
(six molecules of carbon dioxide), 6H2O
(six molecules of water), and ATP (energy).
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
(energy)
What is the “food” made by plants in
photosynthesis? Glucose. Which molecule
do cells use for energy? Not glucose. It’s
ATP. So in cellular respiration, plants use
the glucose they make in photosynthesis to
produce ATP. No living thing, including
plants, can use glucose directly as energy.
Cellular respiration provides the ATP that
all cells need to support the activities of life.
Where Does Cellular Respiration Occur?
Within the cytosol of a plant or animal
cell are large organelles called mitochondria.
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular
respiration. These organelles occur in
different numbers depending on the type of
cell they are in. Mitochondria are usually
more numerous in a cell that has a high
energy requirement. Mitochondria can
number in the thousands in the leg muscle
cells of a marathon runner. Leaf cells that are
carrying out the activities of photosynthesis
also contain numerous mitochondria.
Applying Critical-Thinking Skills
Directions: Respond to each statement.
1. Compare photosynthesis with cellular respiration.
2. Predict what the side effects might be of a chemical hormone that interferes with the
normal function of mitochondria when applied to a plant.
3. Infer three functions of a plant cell that require energy in the form of ATP.
20
Plant Processes and Reproduction
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Plants don’t run or hunt for food, and
they don’t breathe in and out with lungs
either. Plants give off oxygen as a product
of photosynthesis. They get oxygen for
cellular respiration from their own cells
and from the environment through special
structures on their leaves. Plant cellular
respiration produces carbon dioxide just as
it does in animals and other heterotrophs.
Remember that a heterotroph is an
organism that consumes plants or other
organisms for food and an autotroph
makes its own food through
photosynthesis. So the question is still,
“Plants don’t breathe, and they don’t
move, and they don’t do hardly any of the
things that animals do, so why do they
perform cellular respiration?”
The Answer Is in the Equation
Name
Challenge
Date
Class
LESSON 1
The Colors of Photosynthesis
A pigment is a chemical compound that reflects only a certain wavelength of light.
Chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs light energy and moves that energy directly
into the photosynthesis pathway. Did you know that there are other pigments in plants
that help with photosynthesis? There are pigments classified as carotenoids (red, orange,
yellow), xanthins (blue), and erythrins (in red algae). These pigments absorb light energy
and pass that energy to chlorophyll to transfer into the photosynthetic pathway. These
pigments are present in plants year-round but are masked by green chlorophyll most of the
time. In fall, when there is less light, the days are shorter, the temperatures are cooler, and
the rate of photosynthesis slows and stops as food is stored inside the plant. The green
pigment fades, and the brilliant colors of fall become visible.
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See the Pigments
Select two leaves—a dark-green leaf and a leaf of a plant that is red or yellow. Some
ornamental shrubs have colorful leaves even in summer. Place each leaf on a piece of waxed
paper, and cover it with a white coffee filter. Use a coin to rub the leaf until the coffee filter
is stained with the leaf’s pigment. Cut the filter into a long strip with the stain on one end.
Tape the strip over the side of a small glass container with the stain at the bottom. With
adult supervision, pour rubbing alcohol into the glass until the stain is covered. You can
also carefully chop the remains of the leaf into fine bits and put it in the alcohol.
Wait about an hour and a half and then observe your setup. Draw your setup in the
space below. Then write a description of your procedure and your results. What do you see
on the strip? How many different colors can you see? How can you classify the colors?
Plant Processes and Reproduction
21