PDF Print Version - Botany

Biological Conservation Newsletter
Plant Conservation Unit
Department of Botany
No. 364
http://botany.si.edu/pubs/bcn/
April 2015
tion following bleaching events put reef-building corals
in a difficult situation. Eggs might be released, but never
fertilized. And that could have a major impact on the ecosystem at large.
Bleaching Events Impair Long-term
Coral Reproduction
-Adapted from Kathleen Haughney, Florida State University
Levitan and other researchers have been studying coral just
off the coast of Panama since 1996. Since then, those corals
have been exposed to two bleaching events. On average, it
takes coral three to four years to recover from bleaching.
A new study by Florida State University and Smithsonian
Institution biologists shows that bleaching events brought
on by rising sea temperatures are having a detrimental
long-term impact on coral.
“Even if we can fix what’s killing these corals, it’s going to
be hard for coral populations to recover, because the surviving corals might not successfully produce enough offspring to repopulate reefs,” Levitan said.
Bleaching—a process where high water temperatures or
UV light stresses the coral to the point where it loses its
symbiotic algal partners that provides the coral with color—is also affecting the long-term fertility of the coral the
scientists reveal in a recent issue of Marine Ecology Progress Series.
Coral reefs provide protection and shelter for many different species of fish. Without the reefs, certain fish are left
homeless and without an area to reproduce. They also protect coastlines from large waves and flooding, a major issue
in areas that are prone to tropical storms or hurricanes.
Don Levitan and William Boudreau of Florida State University, Javier Jara from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama, and Nancy Knowlton from the
Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History are coauthors of the study.
Current Literature
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Aicher, C. 2014. Discourse practices in environmental governance:
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Alexander, H.K., Martin, G., Martin, O.Y., and Bonhoeffer, S.
2014. Evolutionary rescue: linking theory for conservation and
medicine. Evol. Appl. 7(10):1161-1179.
Most corals reproduce by releasing sperm and eggs into
the ocean during brief annual spawning events. The chance
of sperm finding and fertilizing an egg depends on corals
spawning in close proximity and in synchrony with each
other.
In a study of the corals that build the major framework of
Caribbean coral reefs, the team found that the species living in shallower water experienced near total reproductive
failure, while the species living in deeper water were about
half as likely to spawn.
“The remarkable finding from this study was that the reduction in spawning persisted for three additional years,
long after the corals had regained their symbiotic partners
and regained their normal appearance,” says Levitan, chair
of the Department of Biological Sciences at Florida State.
“Even corals that didn’t bleach aren’t reproducing at the
levels they should.”
The worldwide decrease in coral abundance in combination with long-term reductions in spawning and reproduc-
1
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