STUDIO LIMA MEGACITY. LA TERCERA LIMA

STUDIO LIMA MEGACITY. LA TERCERA LIMA
TRANSFORMATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL AERA INTO A HIGH-DENSITY URBAN DISTRICT
With a population of approaching soon 10 million, Lima together with the Seaport of Callao constitutes one of the
five largest cities of the Americas. Given that there is currently no official urban development plan and Lima grows
rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner, the studio aims to develop urban visions and design proposals, contributing
to the challenge of maintaining and making the megacity livable and sustainable.
Regarding the evolution and contemporary urban condition, Lima is an exemplary case to further develop
formal and informal modes of urbanism and architecture. Lima’s formally planned city is mainly developed on
traditional urban design models based on the grid and morphology of city blocks, while the informal city is coined
by self-built homes and neighborhoods, the so called Barriadas. Lima evolved as a horizontal city consisting of
detached homes with one to two floors and multi-family apartment houses with three to five floors, constructed
both in formal and informal modes. Due to the ongoing urban growth and economic boom as well as the lack of
space to expand, Lima converts itself into a vertical city. The horizontal urban fabric is increasingly replaced by
high-rise complexes and super blocks that often have an inhuman scale, mono-functional use, gated grounds, and
a lack of open and green spaces. The studio will address the need for high-density development. The market-driven
urban exploitation will be questioned critically by envisioning qualitative and human urban design proposals. The
challenge posed with the increased density is to create spatial, functional and social compact urban districts, while
providing and securing as much natural and open spaces as possible.
The industrial area we chose as our project site is advantageously located between the city center, the
seaport and the airport, and constitutes the largest land reserve in Lima. The area is characterized by factories,
warehouses, port infrastructures, containers, rail tracks, functional and office buildings, commercial centers and
informal markets. The existing industrial zone forms a huge barrier that isolates two adjacent residential areas. One
consists of formally planned housing districts, and the other of informally developed Barriadas. Both residential
areas suffer from the industrial activities, pollution, noise, waste, lack of security insecurity and public spaces.
Moreover, three major corridors separate the areas, a large avenue, a cargo rail line, and the river Rimac. These
separating elements need restructuring and will then have the potential to be transformed into connectors of the
isolated areas. Due to economic and functional reasons, heavy industries are moving out of the area and are mainly
NTNU - CHAIR OF ARCHITECTURE & URBAN DESIGN - PROF. KERSTIN HÖGER, VISITING PROF. NICOLAS HÜNERWADEL
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Conflict formal informal, Avenida Brasil ,2013
Transformation from horizontal into vertical city, Avenida Brasil, collage
relocated in an expanding industrial zone along the Northern coast of Callao. This process is accelerated through
a rezoning of the area by the municipality and increasing land prices. Hence, large areas on our site are already
abandoned and available for urban development.
The studio will develop ideas for a high-density, mixed-use urban area that connects housing with smaller
scale businesses, non-polluting industries and urban amenities. Based on the results of our current studio on
Lima, we will elaborate an urban design scenario and architectural proposals. The redevelopment of our site will
be structured in phases and seek for a relatedness with its urban context. Major themes of the studio are highdensity development, transformation as well as (re-)activation. Our concepts will be based on a mixture of formal
and informal modes of urbanism, large and small scale structures, as well as low-budget/high-culture and highbudget/low culture uses. The existing qualities of our site and along the corridors can be enhanced in a number
of ways: empty fields and sheds can be used as temporary spaces for urban pioneers, former warehouses can be
transformed into community or cultural centers, rail tracks into bike lanes and jogging tracks, and the river shore
upgraded into a leisure and recreational park.
Our site has to be reconceived as a connecting element for the sustainable future of the growing, multi-cultural
megacity. Its shared public spaces have to be developed in cooperation with the surrounding neighborhoods.
The goal is to design high-density and high-quality urban quarters, comprising living, working and recreation. Our
proposals should consider and respect the many characteristics and identities already present on the site.
The studio will be conducted in partnership with University Ricardo Palma. Our collaboration will be
accompanied by a series of lectures, inputs and workshops with local experts such as architects and landscape
architects, planners, city authorities, historians, sociologists, economists, and artists. The overall goal of our joined
endeavors seek to find answers to the challenges of Lima as well as other megacities in Latin America and our
globalized world.
KEYWORDS
megacities; urban growth; urbanization; high-density mixed-use developments; urban transformation and
revaluation; (re-)densification; waste lands; formal/ informal, controlled/ uncontrolled, top-down/ bottom-up, fixed/
flexibel, open/ closed, static/ dynamic, regulated/ self-organized, durable/ temporary, offical/ in-official, legal/ illegal,
state / private, global/ local urbanism.
NTNU - CHAIR OF ARCHITECTURE & URBAN DESIGN - PROF. KERSTIN HÖGER, VISITING PROF. NICOLAS HÜNERWADEL
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METHOD
The studio and integrated project course are structured into six interrelated streams, on which we will work in
parallel.
Stream 1: Explorations, Mappings & Imaginations
With field studies, mappings and imaginations, we will explore and appropriate our site and its context. We will
investigate the various modes of formal and informal development, as well as the transitions and variations between
the two modes. The aim is to produce an inventory of the spatial structures and activities on our site. Constant
interpretations of our inventory will inform the design process.
Stream 2: Visioning, Projecting & Designing
The design process will begin with a visioning phase. You will propose ideas and themes for the sustainable
development of our site, reconciling the evolutionary, dynamic forces of urban growth with formal, top-down
planning. Your visions and ideas will then be further developed into design concepts, strategies, and proposals
throughout the semester. First, we will work on an urban design scale, focusing on the transformation of the entire
industrial area and the development of new high-density mixed-use urban districts. And secondly, we will elaborate
architectural proposals for buildings as well as open and green spaces.
By updating the pioneering efforts of the PREVI project, the studio aims to develop new forms of an open, flexible
urban design and architecture that can provide cohesion, while simultaneously allowing for informality and change
overtime.
Stream 3: Model Building
We will build physical models as a working tool to develop adequate spatial structures, compositions, and building
typologies for our project.
Stream 4: Lectures & Readings
A lecture series will provide a broad perspective on contemporary urbanism and architecture, on Peru, Lima and
megacities in general. It will include introductions to the studio and seminar topics, inputs from our local partners
and experts, as well as presentations and readings on related urban design and architectural issues.
Stream 5: Research
Our research efforts concentrate on transformation and reactivation strategies as well as high-density
developments and hybrid buildings typologies. We will critically study exemplary urban design and architecture
projects as references for our studio work.
Stream 6: Scripting & Writing
Throughout the semester, you will write a script about your design and research project, helping you to guide and
document the progress of your work.
All work will be published in a book and is planned to be featured in an exhibition in Lima.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The learning goal is to gain advanced skills and experience in urbanism, urban design and architecture, concept
development, visionary and strategic thinking, and presentation techniques, which will enable students to tackle
complex urban challenges and to synthesize their knowledge into a design project. The studio and seminar seek to
provide a comprehensive package linking design, research, theory and practice. For more details:
www.ntnu.edu/studies/courses/AAR4605 and www.ntnu.edu/studies/courses/AAR4905.
NTNU - CHAIR OF ARCHITECTURE & URBAN DESIGN - PROF. KERSTIN HÖGER, VISITING PROF. NICOLAS HÜNERWADEL
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COURSES
Studio AAR4515 Urban Design I / Byforming I (15 ECTS)
Seminar AAR4905 Urban Design Lab I / Bylab I (7,5 ECTS)
INSTRUCTORS
Prof. Kerstin Hoeger, [email protected]
Visiting Prof. Nicolas Huenerwadel, [email protected]
Ass. Maria Teder, [email protected]
PARTNERS URP UNIVERSITY RICARDO PALMA, FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
Prof. Juvenal Baracco, Pier Baracco, Ass. Freddy Valdivia, Francis Rivera
LANGUAGE
English (official), Norwegian, Spanish, German, French etc.
EXCURSION LIMA
3 to 4 weeks in October/November
Next to exploring Lima and our site, you will have the option of visiting ancient sites such as Caral and Machu
Picchu to learn from their highly sophisticated self-sustaining cultures, cities and architecture.
COSTS & GRANTS
Flight: ~7,000 to 9,000 NOK, support and/or loan for NTNU students
FOR MORE INFORMATION
See Studio Lima.1, www.ntnu.edu/documents/139680/17142369/AAR4605_LimaMegaCity_Hoeger_2012-09.pdf
Feel free to contact and/or visit us at our studio in room 311.
Lima Precolumbina, Huaca Maranga y Parque de las Leyendas
Lima Moderna, Conjunto Residencial San Felipe, Jesus María
Lima Colonial & Republicana, historic city center
Lima Contemporary, conflict formal informal, Villa María del Triunfo
NTNU - CHAIR OF ARCHITECTURE & URBAN DESIGN - PROF. KERSTIN HÖGER, VISITING PROF. NICOLAS HÜNERWADEL
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LIMA MEGACITY
LA TERCERA LIMA
MASTER STUDIO LIMA.2, Prof. Kerstin Hoeger, Visiting Prof. Nicolas Huenerwadel, NTNU 25.04..2013
LIMA PRECOLOMBINA, Huaca Maranga y Parque de las Leyendas
LIMA COLONIAL, plan Lima Cuadrado, 1535, Francisco Pizarro
LIMA COLONIAL, Dibujos Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala 1615
LIMA REPUBLICANA, Lima, Callao & Balnearios, ~ 600,000 inhabitants
LIMA REPUBLICANA, Avenida Brasil
LIMA MODERNA, Conjunto Residencial San Felipe, Jesus María
LIMA BARRIADAS, informal growth
LIMA BARRIADAS, El Agustino
LIMA 2013, conflict formal informal, Avenida Brasil
LIMA 2013, conflict formal informal, Villa María del Triunfo
MASTER STUDIO LIMA.1, project areas
308,
Orden Franciscana Seglar
Plazuela de Santo Cristo
Plaza Maravillas
Iglesia del Santo Cristo
Tatán
AfroPeruvian Museum
Plazuela de las Carrozas
Birthplace of the Criollo Music
A part of the School of Fine Arts
Hospital Santo Toríbio de Mogrovejo
Plaza Bolivar
Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes
Plaza de la Buena Muerte
Inquisition Museum
QUINTA
Remains of the Wall
Iglesia de las Mercedarias
Plazuela de la Buena Muerte
Domingo:
Iglesia de la Buena Muerte
Inquisition Museum
Barrios Altos information centre
Plazuela Santa Clara
The Congress
Parque de Huatica
Metro Stop Angel
Quinta Hereen Sports
Casa de la Moneda
Plaza del Cercado
Quinta Hereen
9
Parque Santa Rosa
The Chinese Gate
Plaza Italia
Barrios Altos Community Centre
Former Otaiza Alley
El Buque
Parroquia Santiago Apostol del Cercado
Quinta del Prado
Devils rock
Plaza Castaneta
Oracle of Santa Ana
Iglesia y Convento Vírgen del Carmén
Abelardo Gamarra
Monasterio Nuestra Sra. del Prado
Barrios Altos massacre
5 Esquinas
Alejandro Ayarza
Felipe Pinglo
QUINTA
1st Día de la Canción Criolla
Plaza Buenos Aires
Metro Stop Miguel Grau
Hospital Dos de Mayo
San Marcos Botanical Garden
Plaza Carrión
San Fernando School of Medicin
0
AREA A, Barrios Altos, revaluation
100
200
300
400
500
PANAMERICANA
RIA
ITA
TT
AV/ PER
U
T.
SS
IGG
E
M
BARRIADAS
AV
/U
CE
U
FA
LAND OWNED BY AIRPORT
Metropolitano
North/South
NIV
ERS
/
AV
ES
UT IN
O
E
V
O
TIE
RIES M UT INDUS
DUST
O
IN
UT IN IES MOVE
O
E
V
MO INDUSTR
TRIES
T
INDUS MOVE OU
S
E
R
T
S
M
MIXED USE
AREA
NA
AV/ ARGENTI
MALVINAS
HUB
MINKA
LIMA
CALLAO
M Metropolitano
East / West
ONIAL
L
AV/ CO
A
EZUEL
N
AV/ VE
Tram line
Tram line
TRANSPORTATION HUB CONNECTING :
METROPOLITANO, TRAM, CAR,COMBI, TAXI,
AND ELEVATED TRAIN
AREA B, Avenida Argentina, transformation
LA MARINA
BOLIVAR
BOLOGNESI
POSSIBLE SCENARIO
HEIGHT OF AVENIDA BRASIL
N
CONCEPT
Dynamics intersections with the city
BOLOGNESI : historique, buisness, and commercial node,
BOLIVAR: commercial, buisness and cultural node,
LA MARINA: traffic, buisness, leasure and commercial node.
Very dynamic areas
Areas including dynamic intersections with the city.
A lot of offices, commerces and activities will take place in
these zones.
Heigh rules: the allowed heigh will be between 5 and 18 floors
with 30% of 25-28 levels towers.
AREA C, Avenida Brasil, densification
Dynamic zone: Brena - Jesus Maria
Dynamic zone: Magdalena del mar, leasure area
Area including education buildings, offices and commerces,
closer to the center.
Area including leasure and cultural buildings, park, sport
center, cinema, theater... closer to the coast.
Heigh rules: the allowed heigh will be between 5 and 15 floors
Heigh rules: the allowed heigh will be between 5 and 10 floors
Historique area: Pueblo libre - Jesus Maria
Area including cultural, touristical and administrative
buildings, parks, museums, restaurants, souvenirs shops,
ambasy... central part of the avenida.
Heigh rules: the allowed heigh will be between 2 and 5 floors
AREA C, Avenida Brasil, densification
MASTER STUDIO LIMA.1, students and teachers from NTNU and URP
MASTER STUDIO LIMA.2, project area
ISLA: 01
SAN MARTIN DE PORRES
S5
A
SAN MARTIN DE PORRES
S5. Av/ Peru intersection with Av/ Dueñas
V/PERU
S1
BILLBOARDS
ZARUMILLA
HOUSING
S2
MIRONES BAJOS
S4
MIRONES ALTOS
AV/DUEÑAS
AV/UNIVERSITA
S3
RIA
HOUSING
RETAILS
RIMAC
HOUSING
BUSINESS
USES:
Mixed-use, housing in the upper
levels and recycling industry in the
ground floor. Occasionally retails.
URBAN FABRIC:
Pavements: It is asphalted but not
always the sidewalks.
Lighting: poor illumination
TRAFFIC AND MOBILITY:
Fluid. Combis, mototaxis and
private cars.
MASTER STUDIO LIMA.2, site mappings
HOUSING
USES:
Mixed-use, mainly housing
and some recycle industry.
URBAN FABRIC:
Pavements: no pavement.
Sidewalks are pavemented by
the neighbours.
Lighting: very poor illumination
TRAFFIC AND MOBILITY:
Very difficult accesibility.
GREEN AREA
4 LANES
USES:
Housing and retails. Street vendors.
URBAN FABRIC:
Pavements: sidewalks and roads
properly pavemented.
Green area: green space in the middle
of the street as a boulevardwith trees
and low vegetation.
Lighting: well illuminated
TRAFFIC AND MOBILITY:
Very dense. Combis, mototaxis and
private cars.
S4. C/ Huambo
S3. Av/ E.Meiggs
INDUS
TRIAL
ZONE
HOUSING
BUSINESS
RETAILS
4 LANES
AV/COLONIAL
S2. C/ Meiga Rejo
BUSINESS
RETAILS
AV/ARGENTINA
MIRONES ALTOS
S1. C/ Morales Duarez
HOUSING
HOUSING
USES:
Housing and industrial.
URBAN FABRIC:
Pavements: no pavement.
Lighting: no lighting.
TRAFFIC AND MOBILITY:
Difficult accesibility.
?
HOUSING
INDUS
TRIAL
ZONE
USES:
Housing and retails. Street vendors.
URBAN FABRIC:
Pavements: sidewalks and roads
pavemented.
Lighting: poor illumination
TRAFFIC AND MOBILITY:
Fluid. Mototaxis and private cars.
MASTER STUDIO LIMA.2, field study images
MASTER STUDIO LIMA.2, programmatic hypothesis, topography and climate zones
MASTER STUDIO LIMA.2, programmatic hypothesis, fusion ceviche
MASTER STUDIO LIMA.2, programmatic hypothesis, Huari textile
URBAN DESIGN, example transformation of an industrial area with formal and informal means, ETH Studio Zurich-Letzi
ARCHITECTURE, Office Tower Real Ocho, Centro Empresarial Lima, Huenerwadel Arquitectos