1.Years Known as & Rank of India in 2013:

SNAP -IIFT -CMAT specific G.K. content
This page covering main topics of static g.k. usually appear in
SNAP ,IIFT, CMAT exam
1.Years Known as & Rank of India in
2013:
2001 - Year of Women Empowerment(Govt of India)
2002 -International Mountain Year
2003 -International Fresh Water year
2004 -International Year of Rice
2005 -International yeat of Microcredit International Year of Physics
2006 -International year of Desert and Desertification
2007 -Internation polar YeatYear of Dolphin
2008 -Year of Good Governance(for SAARC Countries)
2009 -International Year of Astronomy(UN)Internation Year of natural Fibres(FAO)
2010 - International Year of BiodiversityInternational Year of Youth
2011International Year of ForestInternational Year of Chemistry
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
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International Year of Cooperatives
International Year of Sustainable Energy for Al
International Year of Water Cooperation
International Year of Quinoa
International Year of Family Farming
India ranking in different Indexes for 2013:
a) Global Hunger Index- 66.
b) Global Peace Index – 141
c) Human Development Report – 136
d) Global Corruption Index – 94
e) Global Competitiveness Index-60 for 2013 (Switzerland top in this report)
f) Gender Inequality Index - 132nd (UN Human Development (Index) Report)
g) In List of High Net worth Individuals – (5th acc to the Knight Frank Wealth
Report 2013)
h) India has been ranked as the 119th freest country in the world out of 177 in
the 2013 index of economic freedom.
2.REVOLUTIONS:
Black Revolution - Petroleum Production
Blue Revolution - Fish Production
Brown Revolution - Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production
Golden Fibre Revolution - Jute Production
Golden Revolution - Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production/Fruits and
Vegetables
Green Revolution - Food grain (Cereals, Wheat &Leguminous; plant) production
Grey Revolution - Fertilizer Revolution
Pink Revolution - Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production
Red Revolution - Meat & Tomato Production
Round Revolution - Potato Revolution
Silver Fiber Revolution - Cotton Revolution
Silver Revolution - Egg/Poultry Production
White Revolution - Milk/Dairy production (In India - Operation Flood)
Yellow Revoution - Oil Seeds production
Evergreen Revolution - Overall development of Agriculture
3. Abbreviations
1. NABARD - National Bank for Agricultural & Rural Development
2. RTGS - Real Time Gross Settlement
3. NEFT - National Electronic Fund Transfer
4. NAV - Net Asset Value
5. NPA - Non Performing Asset
6. ASBA - Account Supported by Blocked Amount
7. BIFR - Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
8. CAMELS - Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Earnings,Liquidity,
Systems & Controls
9. BCSBI - Banking Codes & Standard Board of India
10. BIS – Bank for International Settlement
11. BCBS – Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
12. BOP - Balance of Payment
13. BOT - Balance of Trade
14. BPLR – Benchmark Prime Lending Rate
15. CCIL – Clearing Corporation of India Ltd.
16. CIBIL - Credit Information Bureau of India Ltd.
17. CRISIL - Credit Rating Information Services of India Ltd.
18. CBLO - Collateralised Borrowing & Lending Obligation
19. CPI - Consumer Price Index
20. ADR – American Depository Receipts
21. GDR – Global Depository Receipts
22. ALM - Asset Liability Management
23. ARC – Asset Reconstruction Companies
24. FINO - Financial Inclusion Network Operation
25. CTT - Commodities Transaction Tax
26. CRM - Customer Relationship Management
27. KYC - Know Your Customer
28. SLR - Statutory Liquidity Ratio
29. CRR - Cash Reserve Ratio
30. MSF - Marginal Standing Facility
31. REPO - Repurchase Option
32. NBFC - Non Banking Finance Companies
33. OSMOS - Off-Site Monitoring & Surveillance
34. IFSC - Indian Financial System Code
35. BSE - Bombay Stock Exchange
36. NSE - National Stock Exchange
37. SWIFT - Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Tele communication
38. FSLRC – Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission
39. LAF – Liquidity Adjustment Facility
40. DRT – Debt Recovery Tribunals.
4.Important Financial terms for G.K. questions
1. What is a Repo Rate?
A: Repo rate is the rate at which our banks borrow rupees from RBI. Whenever the banks
have any shortage of funds they can borrow it from RBI. A reduction in the repo rate will
help banks to get money at a cheaper rate. When the repo rate increases, borrowing from
RBI becomes more expensive.
2. What is Reverse Repo Rate?
A: This is exact opposite of Repo rate. Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which Reserve Bank
of India (RBI) borrows money from banks. RBI uses this tool when it feels there is too much
money floating in the banking system. Banks are always happy to lend money to RBI since
their money is in safe hands with a good interest. An increase in Reverse repo rate can
cause the banks to transfer more funds to RBI due to this attractive interest rates.
3. What is CRR Rate?
A: Cash reserve Ratio (CRR) is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with RBI. If
RBI decides to increase the percent of this, the available amount with the banks comes
down. RBI is using this method (increase of CRR rate), to drain out the excessive money
from the banks.
4. What is SLR Rate?
A: SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio) is the amount a commercial bank needs to maintain in the
form of cash, or gold or govt. approved securities (Bonds) before providing credit to its
customers. SLR rate is determined and maintained by the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) in
order to control the expansion of bank credit. SLR is determined as the percentage of total
demand and percentage of time liabilities. Time Liabilities are the liabilities a commercial
bank liable to pay to the customers on their anytime demand. SLR is used to control inflation
and propel growth. Through SLR rate tuning the money supply in the system can be
controlled efficiently.
5. What is Bank Rate?
A: Bank rate, also referred to as the discount rate, is the rate of interest which a central
bank charges on the loans and advances that it extends to commercial banks and other
financial intermediaries. Changes in the bank rate are often used by central banks to control
the money supply.
6. What is Inflation?
A: Inflation is as an increase in the price of bunch of Goods and services that projects the
Indian economy. An increase in inflation figures occurs when there is an increase in the
average level of prices in Goods and services. Inflation happens when there are fewer Goods
and more buyers; this will result in increase in the price of Goods, since there is more
demand and less supply of the goods.
7. What is Deflation?
A: Deflation is the continuous decrease in prices of goods and services. Deflation occurs
when the inflation rate becomes negative (below zero) and stays there for a longer period.
8. What is PLR?
A: The Prime Interest Rate is the interest rate charged by banks to their most creditworthy
customers (usually the most prominent and stable business customers). The rate is almost
always the same amongst major banks. Adjustments to the prime rate are made by banks at
the same time; although, the prime rate does not adjust on any regular basis. The Prime
Rate is usually adjusted at the same time and in correlation to the adjustments of the Fed
Funds Rate. The rates reported below are based upon the prime rates on the first day of
each respective month. Some banks use the name "Reference Rate" or "Base Lending Rate"
to refer to their Prime Lending Rate.
9. What is Deposit Rate?
A: Interest Rates paid by a depository institution on the cash on deposit.
10. What is FII?
A: FII (Foreign Institutional Investor) used to denote an investor, mostly in the form of an
institution. An institution established outside India, which proposes to invest in Indian
market, in other words buying Indian stocks. FII's generally buy in large volumes which has
an impact on the stock markets. Institutional Investors includes pension funds, mutual
funds, Insurance Companies, Banks, etc.
11. What is FDI?
A: FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) occurs with the purchase of the physical assets or a
significant amount of ownership (stock) of a company in another country in order to gain a
measure of management control (Or) A foreign company having a stake in a Indian
Company.
12. What is IPO?
A: IPO is Initial Public Offering. This is the first offering of shares to the general public from
a company wishes to list on the stock exchanges.
13. What is Disinvestment?
A: The Selling of the government stake in public sector undertakings.
14. What is Fiscal Deficit?
A: It is the difference between the government's total receipts (excluding borrowings) and
total expenditure .
15. What is GDP?
A: The Gross Domestic Product or GDP is a measure of all of the services and goods
produced in a country over a specific period; classically a year.
16. What is GNP?
A: Gross National Product is measured as GDP plus income of residents from investments
made abroad minus income earned by foreigners in domestic market.
17. What is National Income?
A: National Income is the money value of all goods and services produced in a country
during the year.
5.Committee in news
Committee Set Up On Uttarakhand Floods: The committee will be headed by AK
Ganju (Chairman, Ganga Flood Control Commission, Patna)
2. JS Mathur committee : to revise Newspaper Advertisement Rates.
3. K. Ratna Prabha : Committee on indecent depiction of women in media
4. Mukul Mudgal Committee: looking into US giant Walmart's lobbying activities to
enter India
5. Mukul Mudgal Committee: to look at process of film clearance
6. MBN Rao Committee: to prepare the blueprint of India's first women's bank
7. SK Srivastava Committee: to formulate a policy on public-private partnership
model to raise coal output
8. K M Chandrasekhar Committee – for rationalization of foreign investmentnorms
9. Arvind Mayaram Committee –for giving clear definitions to Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII),
10. Janakiraman Committee - To investigate the security transactions of the bank
11. MS Ahluwalia committee - to evaluate aspects related to set up of Nalanda
University
12. Sitakant Mahapatra committee - for inclusion of Bhojpuri language in eighth
schedule of constitution
13. N R Narayana Murthy committee - for evaluation of corporate sector
participation in Higher Education.
14. C Rangarajan committee - for poverty scale estimates in the country
15. MB Shah committee - for inspection of illegal mining activities
16. N Rangachary committee - to examine taxation policies for I.T. sector
17. Parthasarathi Shome committee - implementation of GAAR (General Anti
Avoidance Rule).
18. Deepak Parekh committee – for Financing Infrastructure sector
19. Naresh Chandra committee - 14 member task force on security issues
20. Bhandari Committee - Reconstruction of RRBs 21. RS Gujral Committee - suggest
measures to boost MSME exports.
6. India's
only
India's Only coal museum------- Margherita,Assam
• India's Only glass mosque------- Shillong,Meghalaya
• India's Only active volcano------- BarrenIsland, Andaman and Nicobar Island
• India's Only Floating National Park-------Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur
• India's Only Floating Lake------- Loktak Lake,Manipur
• India's Only Symphony Orchestra------ -Symphony Orchestra of India, Mumbai
• India's Only Female Wildlife Photographer------- Vasudha Chakravathi
• India's Only two F1 Driver------- NarainKarthikeyan and Karun Chandhok
• India's Only Aircraft carries------- INS Viraat
• India's Only overseas Military Base-------Farkhor Air Base, Tajikistan
• India's Only licenced production and supplyUnit for National Flag------- Karnataka
KhadiGramodyoga Samyukta Sangha
• India's Only Satellite Launch Center-------Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh
• India's Only River Island------- Majuli, Assam
• India's Only Stadium with StudentGallery------- Green Park Stadium, Kanpur, UP
• India's Only Handwritten Newspaper------ -The Musalman
• India's Only district borders with fourStates------- Sonbhadra District, UP
• India's only tobacco free village-------Shankarpura, Haryana
• India's Only Cattle Fair------- Sonepur Mela,Bihar
7.India's ministers
(sept 2013)
Indian Ministers
Pres. Pranab MUKHERJEE
Vice Pres. Mohammad Hamid ANSARI
Prime Min. Manmohan SINGH
National Security Adviser Shivshankar MENON
Dep. Chmn., Planning Commission Montek Singh AHLUWALIA
Min. of Agriculture Sharad PAWAR
Min. of Chemicals & Fertilizers
Min. of Civil Aviation Ajit SINGH
Min. of Coal Shriprakash JAISWAL
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Commerce & Industry Anand SHARMA
Communications & Information Technology Kapil SIBAL
Culture Chandresh Kumari KATOCH
Defense A. K. ANTONY
Earth Sciences Jaipal Sudini REDDY
External Affairs Salman KHURSHID
Finance Palaniappan CHIDAMBARAM
Food Processing Industries Sharad PAWAR
Health & Family Welfare Ghulam Nabi AZAD
Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises Praful PATEL
Home Affairs Sushil Kumar SHINDE
Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation Girija VYAS
Human Resource Development Mallipudi Mangapati Pallam RAJU
Labor & Employment Sis Ram OLA
Law & Justice Kapil SINGH
Mines Dinsha J. PATEL
Minority Affairs K. Rahman KHAN
New & Renewable Energy Farooq ABDULLAH
Overseas Indian Affairs Vayalar RAVI
Panchayati Raj V. Kishore Chandra DEO
Parliamentary Affairs Kamal NATH
Personnel, Public Grievances, & Pensions Manmohan SINGH
Petroleum & Natural Gas M. Veerappa MOILY
Planning Manmohan SINGH
Railways Mallikarjun KHARGE
Road Transport & Highways Oscar FERNANDES
Rural Development Jairam RAMESH
Science & Technology Jaipal Sudini REDDY
Shipping Govind Karuppiah VASAN
Social Justice & Empowerment Kumari SELJA
Steel Beni Prasad VERMA
Textiles K. Sambasiva RAO
Tribal Affairs V. Kishore Chandra DEO
Urban Development Kamal NATH
Water Resources Harish RAWAT
8. First in Indian Politics & samadhi
of famous leaders
1. First President of India - Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
2. First Woman President of India - Mrs. Pratibha Patil
3. First Vice President ofIndia - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
4. First Muslim President ofIndia - Dr. Zakir Hussain.
5. First Sikh President of India - Giani Jail Singh.
6. First Prime Minister of India - Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
7. First Woman Prime Minister ofIndia - Mrs. Indira Gandhi.
8. First Speaker of the Lok Sabha - G.V. Mavlankar.
9. First Chief Justice ofIndia Justice - H.L. Kania
10. First Chairman of the Rajaya Sabha - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
11. First Woman Governor of a State - Mrs. Sarojini Naidu.
12 First Woman Chief Minister - Mrs. Sucheta Kripalani.
13. First Woman Central Minister -Rajkumari Amrit Kaur.
14. First Woman Speaker of Lok Sabha - Mrs. Shanno Devi.
15. First Woman IAS Officer - Anna George.
16. First Woman IPS Officer - Kiran Bedi.
17. First Woman Advocate - Carnelia Sorabji.
18. First Woman Judge - Anna Chandi.
19. First Woman Judge of High Court - Anna Chandi.
20. First Woman Judge of Supreme Court - M. Fathima Beevi.
21. First Woman Chief Justice of High Court - Justice Leela Seth.
22. First Chairman of Planning Commission - Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru.
23. First Chairman of Finance Commission - K.C. Niyogi.
24. First Acting Prime Minister of India - Guljari Lal Nanda.
25. First Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha - M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar.
26. First recognised leader of opposition in Lok Sabha - Y.V. Chavan.
27. First recognised leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha - Lokpati Tripathi.
28. First Lok Sabha Election - 1952
29. First Chief Election Commissioner of India - Sukumar Sen.
30. First Woman Chief Election Commissioner of India - Smt. V.S. Rama Dev
SAMAADHI PLACES OF FAMOUS LEADERS:1. GANDHIJI – RAJGHAT
2. NEHRU – SHANTHIVAN
3. LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI – VIJAYGHAT
4. INDIRA GANDHI – SHAKTISTHAL
5. RAJIV GANDHI – VEERBUMI
6. CHARAN SINGH – KISANGHAT
7. MORARJI DESAI – ABAYGHAT
8. B. R. AMBEDKAR – CHAITRABHOOMI
9. K. R. NARAYANAN – UDAYABHOOMI
10. GULSARI LAL NANDA – NARAYANGHAT
9. New Appointments:
NEW APPOINTMENTS
1. Justice P Sathasivam - next (40th) Chief Justice of India (CJI) (by suceeding
Altamas Kabir).
2. K N Shanth Kumar - PTI Chairman (succeeded R Lakshmipathy)
3. K R Kamath Re-Elected - Chairman of Indian Banks' Association (IBA).
4. Rami Hamdallah - New Prime Minister of Palestine.
5. Sudha Sharma - New CBDT chief.
6. Thomas Mathew - New Chairman Of LIC succeeded D K Mehrotra, retired on 31 May.
7. Mahendra Mohan Gupta -Vice Chairman of PTI.
8. S Gopalakrishnan - new President of CII.
9. M F Farooqui - new Telecom Secretary
10. Deepak Sandhu - first woman Chief Information Commissioner (replaced Satyananda
Mishra).
11. Rahul Dravid - Brand ambassador for Tobacco control campaign.
12. Rakesh Sood - Prime Minister's Special Envoy for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation.
13. Anil Goswami - New Union Home Secretary (by replacing R.K Singh).
14. Shashi Kant Sharma - New CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General) of India (by
succeeding Vinod Rai)
15. Radha Krishna Mathur - Indian Defence Secretary (succeeded Shashikant Sharma).
16. V Hariharan - Secretary of the All India chess federation.
17. Mittu Chandilya - chief executive of AirAsia India.
18. Lt. Gen. Nirbhay Sharma - new Governor of Arunanchal Pradesh.
19. Siddaramaiah - C.M. of Karnataka.
20. Aruna Bahuguna - First Women Special DG of CRPF.
21. Nirbhay Sharma - Governor of Arunachal Pradesh.
22. Krishna Kumar Natrajan (CEO and Director of Mindtree) - New Chief of NASSCOM
(replaced N Chandrasekaran).
23. PJ Kurien - Chairman of Asian forum of Parliamentarians (replaced Yasuo Fukuda, former
P M of Japan)
24. Vinod Rai - Re-Elected As Chairman of UN Panel of External Auditors.
25. Sidharth Birla (Chairman of Xpro India Ltd and Digjam Ltd) - Senior Vice-President of
FICCI.
26. Justice D.K. Jain - new Chairman of Law Commission.
27. Shyamala Gopinath - New Clearing Corporation of India Ltd(CCIL) Chairperson.
28. Jawahar Sircar - New CEO of Prasar Bharti.
29. Rajiv Takru - Secretary of Financial Services in the Finance Ministry replacing Dinesh
Kumar.
30. P.R. Vasudeva Rao - Director of the IGCAR (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research)
replacing S.C Chetal.
31. Asoke Kumar Mukerji - Next Permanent Representative of India to the UN.
32. Aishwarya Rai Bachchan as International GoodwillAmbassador – UNAIDS (UN
Programme on HIV/AIDS).
33. Mary Kom - Brand Ambassador of Super Fight League (SPL) .
34. Rajan Bharti Mittal - president of International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) India.
35. Gregg Clark - Coach of the Junior Hockey Men's National Team
36. K K Paul - Meghalaya governor replacing Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary.
37. Sunil Soni - Director General of Bureau of Indian Standards
38. Shriniwas Patil - new governor of Sikkim.
39. R. Chandrasekhar (the former Secretary Department of Telecommunications (DoT)) Nasscom President, succeeding current Nasscom President Som Mittal, whose tenure expires
in January 2014
40. Hazem El-Beblawi - new Prime Minister of Egypt by the Interim President Adly Mansour.
41. Francisco Garcia (Spain) - as head coach of the Indian seniorwomen's basketball team.
42. Hemant Soren (Jharkhand Mukti Morcha leader) - Chief Minister of Jharkhand.
43. Abdul Rahim Rather (Jammu & Kashmir Finance Minister) - new Chairman of the
Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers on GST.
44. Arvind Sharma (Chairman and CEO of Leo Burnett, India) - President of Advertising
Agencies Association of India (AAAI)
45. Professor Mahendra P. Lama - new pro-vice-chancellor of the Indira Gandhi National
Open University(IGNOU).
46. Sujatha Singh - India's new foreign secretary. Sujatha Singh is the third woman to head
the Foreign services after Chokila Iyer and Nirupama Rao.
10.Important summit-2013
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) Summits
• 4th BRICS Summit 2012 – New Delhi, India
• 5th BRICS Summit 2013 – Durban, South Africa
G-8 Annual Summits Group of Eight (G8) Countries – France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United
Kingdom, United States of America, Canada, Russia.
• 37th G8 Meeting 2011 – Deauville, France
• 38th G8 Meeting 2012 – David camp, USA
• 39th G8 Summit 2013 – County Fermanagh, UK
• 40th G8 Summit 2014 – Russia
G-20 Summits
• 7th G 20 Meeting 2012 – Los Cabos, Mexico
• 8th G 20 Meeting 2013 – Saint Petersburg, Russia
• 9th G 20 Meeting 2014 – Brisbane, Australia
SAARC Summits SAARC – South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
• 17th SAARC Summit 2011– Addu, Maldives
• 18th SAARC Summit 2013 – Kathmandu,Nepal
ASEAN Summits ASEAN – Association of South East Asian Nation
• 19th ASEAN Summit 2011 (November) – Bali, Indonesia
• 20th ASEAN Summit 2012 (April) – Phnom penh, Cambodia
• 21th ASEAN Summit 2012 (November)– Phnom penh, Cambodia
ASEAN-India Summit
• 9th ASEAN-India Summit 2011 – Bali, Indonesia
• 10th ASEAN-India Summit 2012 – Phnom penh, Cambodia
East Asia Summit (EAS) EAS meetings are held after annual ASEAN leaders’ meetings.
• 6th East Asia Summit 2011 – Bali, Indonesia
• 7th East Asia Summit 2012 – Phnom penh, Cambodia
IBSA Summits IBSA Dialogue Forum – India, Brazil, South Africa.
• 5th IBSA Summit 2011 – Pretoria, South Africa
• 6th IBSA Summit 2013 – India
APEC Summits APEC – Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
• 23rd APEC summit 2011 – Honolulu, USA
• 24th APEC Summit 2012 – Vladivostok,Russia
• 25th APEC Summit 2013 – Medan/Jakarta, Indonesia
• 26th APEC Summit 2014 – China
• 27th APEC Summit 2015 – Philippines
• 28th APEC Summit 2016 – Lima, Peru
OPEC Seminars OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
• 4th OPEC International Seminar 2009 – Vienna, Austria
• 5th OPEC International Seminar 2012 – Vienna, Austria
NAM Summits NAM – Non-aligned Movement
• 16th NAM Summit 2012 – Tehran, Iran
• 17th NAM Summit 2015 – Caracas,Venezuela
SCO Meetings SCO – Shanghai Cooperation Organization
• SCO Meeting 2011 – Astana, Kazakhstan
• SCO Meeting 2012 – Beijing, China
• SCO Meeting 2013 – Kyrgyzstan
NATO (North Atlantic treaty organization) international conference on Afghanistan will be held in
Chicago (USA)
Asian Development Bank (ADB) Annual Meetings Annual meeting of the board of governors of
the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB) held every year.
• ADB Annual Meeting 2012 – Manila, Philippines
• ADB Annual Meeting 2013 – New Delhi, India
WTO Ministerial Conferences
• 8th WTO Ministerial Conferences 2011 – Geneva, Switzerland
• 9th WTO Ministerial Conferences 2013 (Expected) -Bali, Indonesia.
11. important government schemes:
1. BHARAT NIRMAAN:
It was implemented and extended in •three phases i.e., from (2005 - 2009), (2009 2012), (2012- 2014)
It is• centrally sponsored scheme There are• for the rural development of India started
in September 2005. 6 objectives in this scheme Objectives:
a) To provide all weather road connectivity to the village which have more than 1000
population in plain areas and 500 population in hilly areas.
b) To bring 10 million hectares of land under irrigation facility and to make 1.4 million
hectares of additional land for arable land (for the use of agriculture).
c) To provide clean drinking water to all villages by the end of 2012 under Rajiv Gandhi
payjal yojana.
d) To electrify 1, 76,000 villages by the end of 2012 under Rajiv Gandhi Vidyutikaran
yojna.
e) To construct Pakka houses for BPL house- holds under Indira Awas Yojana (Now from
April 1st 2013 cash assistance Rs. 70000 for plain areas and Rs. 75000 for hilly areas)
previously it was Rs. 40000 for plain areas and Rs. 45000 for hilly areas.
f) To provide telephone connectivity to all villages and all BPL holders by 2012. g) Note:
All these objectives are extended till 2014.
2. JNNURM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
It was implemented and extended in two phases i.e., (2005 - 2012), (2012 - 2014) •
• Started in the year 2005 to make million plus cities squatter (Slum area) free.
There are 2 components •
a) To construct pakka houses for urban poor dwelling in squatter under Rajiv Awas
yojana.
b) To make transportation system faster and greener
3. NRHM: National Rural Health Mission
It was started on •12th April 2005 to enhance the health facilities in rural areas.
The appointment of •ASHA workers (Accredited social health activist) in Anganwadi
Kendra to provide basic information on health and hygiene conditions as well as to guide
people regarding conservation of water.
4. MGNREGA: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
It was on started on •2nd Feb 2006 to provide minimum 150 days from 1st April
2013 (previously it was 100 days) of employment to rural house hold.
The old name of this scheme is NREGA and it was changed to MGNREGA on 2nd Oct
2009. •
The wages under the scheme is fixed on the basis of •CPI-AL (Consumer Price Index
for Agricultural Labourers) which is calculated by the state government on the basis of
their Per capita Income.
5. UIDAI: Unique Identification Authority of India.
It was started in the year •2010 to provide multipurpose national identity card
(MNIC) to every resident .
Its name has been changed to Aadhar. •
Its model state was Karnataka (started) It consists of •12 digit number.
•Chairman: Nandan Nilekani
6. IGNOAPS: Indira Gandhi National Old age Pension Scheme
This Scheme is for the people who •aged above 60 years.
The amount of Rs. 400 per month (Central govt + State govt = Rs. 200 + Rs. 200) will be
provided by both Central government and State government who aged between 60 – 80
years. •
Rs. 500 per month (Central govt + State govt = Rs. 250 + Rs. 250) for the people who
aged more than 80 year•
12. Different Technologies & Their Founders
1. Google: Larry Page & Sergey Brin
2. Facebook: Mark Zuckerberg
3. Yahoo: David Filo & Jerry Yang
4. Twitter: Founder(s)Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass,Evan Williams, Biz Stone
5. Internet: Tim Berners Lee
6. Linkdin: Reid Hoffman, Allen Blue & Koonstantin Guericke
7. Email: Shiva Ayyadurai
8. Gtalk: Richard Wah kan
9. Whats up: Laurel Kirtz
10. Hotmail: Sabeer Bhatia
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Orkut: Buyukkokten
Wikipedia: Jimmy Wales
You tube: Steve Chen, Chad Hurley & Jawed Karim
Rediffmail: Ajit Balakrishnan
Nimbuzz: Martin Smink & Evert Jaap Lugt
Myspace: Chris Dewolfe & Tom Anderson
Ibibo: Ashish Kashyap
OLX: Alec Oxenford & Fabrice Grinda
Skype: Niklas Zennstrom,Janus Friis & Reid Hoffman
Opera: Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner & Geir lvarsoy
Mozilla Firefox: Dave Hyatt & Blake Ross
Blogger: Evan Willams