67-Priyanka Shah
Transcription
67-Priyanka Shah
fli bn et .a c. in A Project Report For Elective Subject Submitted To Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan. gn u. in In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Certificate of Bachelor of Pharmacy Year: 2006-2007 Submitted By, PRIYANKA H. SHAH Shree S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat Vidyanagar, Kherva-382711 CERTIFICATE bn et .a c. in This is to certify that the project report for the elective subject entitled “HERBAL DRUGS USED IN ACNE” is the bonafide work of PRIYANKA H. SHAH satisfactorily carried under my guidance and supervision in the Department of Pharmacognosy, Shree S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat Vidyanagar, during the academic year 2006-2007. Guide: Head of the Department: Mrs. Nikunjana Patel Asst. Professor Department of Pharmacognosy, Shree S. K. Patel College Of Pharm. Edu. & Res. Kherva in fli M.Pharm. Lecturer Department of Pharmacognosy Shree S.K. Patel College Of Pharm. Edu. & Res. Kherva Dr. R.K.Patel M.Pharm, Ph.D. Principal: Dr.M.M.Patel gn u. M.Pharm, Ph.D, LLB, FIC. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat Vidyanagar. Date: Place: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT bn et .a c. in The successful completion of a project “HERBAL DRUGS USED IN ACNE’’ is generally not an individual effort. It is an outcome of the cumulative effort of a number of persons, each having his own importance to the objective. This session is a vote of thanks and gratitude towards all those persons who have directly or indirectly contributed in their own special way towards the completion of this project. First of all I would like to thank my guide respected Mrs Nikunjana.Patel for giving me guidance and also for supporting me in all the way to complete this project. I specially thankful to Dr. R.K.Patel sir for giving me guidance about the project.I also like to thank our respected faculty members H.P.Patel, K.M.Khambholja for their valued guidance and encouragement towards the completion of our project. I am also very much thankful to our honorable principal Dr.M.M.Patel for providing infrastructure and research facilities at college. fli And I am really grateful to all those, whose ideas have been helpful in preparing this report. in I am also thankful to our librarian Mr.P.I.Patel, Mahadevbhai, Mukeshbhai for providing me books & reference. u. I heartily thankful to Chaula madam for her great help to me in computer laboratory. I am thankful to all my friends for always help me in my all diffuculty. gn At last but not at least I express thanks to my family members for their support and constant encouragement for successful completion of my project work. Date: Ganpat Vidyanagar PRIYANKA H. SHAH Final B.Pharm. in bn et .a c. fli in u. gn Dedicated to God, My Family & Teachers Page No. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACNE 2 bn et .a c. Contents in Index 3. TYPES OF ACNE 3-7 4. SYMPTOMES OF ACNE 8 5. CAUSES OF ACNE 9-11 6. PATHOPHYSIOLOG OF ACNE 12-13 7. TREATMENT OF ACNE 14-18 18-19 2. SYSTEMIC AGENTS 19-20 3. OVER-THE- COUNTER PRODUCTS 20-21 4. NATURAL AND HERBAL REMIDIES 22-43 fli 1. TOPICAL AGENTS 44-47 6. HOMEOPATHY 48 in 5. AYURVEDA 49 9. CONCLUSION 50 u. 8. SCREENING OF ANTI ACNE DRUGS gn 10. REFERENCES 51 Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 1. INTRODUCTION Acne is a disease that affects the skin's oil glands. The small holes in the skin (pores) connect to oil glands under the skin. These glands make an oily in substance called sebum. The pores connect to the glands by a canal called a follicle. Inside the follicles, oil carries dead skin cells to the surface of the skin. bn et .a c. A thin hair also grows through the follicle and out to the skin. When the follicle of a skin gland clogs up, a pimple grows. Acne is a skin condition that affects the hair follicles and the sebaceous glands in the skin, which secrete an oily substance called sebum. Acne is most common on the face, arms, back and chest. The onset of acne is usually around puberty, but in a minority of cases it may also start in adulthood. About 80% of people will have some degree of acne between the ages of 11 and 30. In puberty, acne occurs because of changes to hormone levels, which cause the sebaceous glands to produce increased amounts of sebum. Together with dead skin cells, the sebum blocks the hair follicles, which enables the fli formation of 'spots' ranging from blackheads to painful red nodules. As with the other physical changes that happen during puberty, acne usually in corrects itself over time. It most cases it should get better without treatment. However, in some people this may take many years and can potentially cause gn u. permanent scarring, so a variety of treatments are available. Almost 100% of the people between the ages of twelve and seventeen have at least occasional breakouts of whiteheads, blackheads or a pimple, now and then. Most of these young people can manage their acne with, over the counter treatments. But for some, acne is more serious. By their mid-teens, nearly 35% of teenagers have acne severe enough to require some treatment from a medical professional. 1 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 2. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACNE Acne affects both young men and women, although the percentage of young men with acne is a little higher. Young men are more likely to have more severe, in longer lasting forms of acne. Young men are less likely to visit a dermatologist for their acne. Some young women are more likely to have occasional acne flair-ups bn et .a c. due to hormonal changes associated with their menstrual cycle and acne caused by Acne is a common skin disorder, but epidemiological data from the general population obtained by examination are scarce. Clinical experience suggests an association between smoking and acne, although confirmatory evidence from appropriate studies is lacking.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and demographic factors of acne in a general population sample and to investigate the association of smoking and acne on a qualitative and quantitative level.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 896 citizens (aged 1-87 years, median 42) of the City of Hamburg were dermatologically examined. The prevalence and severity of acne were recorded and further information on demographic variables, medical history, and alcohol and cigarette consumption were obtained by a standardized interview.ResultsAccording to the clinical examination, acne was present in 26·8% overall, and was more prevalent in men (29·9%) than fli women (23·7%) (odds ratio, OR 1·37, 95% confidence interval, CI 1·01-1·87). Prevalence followed a significant linear trend over age with peak prevalence in between 14 and 29 years. The reported age at onset was significantly lower in women than men. According to multiple logistic regression analyses acne prevalence was significantly higher in active smokers (40·8%, OR 2·04, 95% CI u. 1·40-2·99) as compared with non-smokers (25·2%). A significant linear relationship between acne prevalence and number of cigarettes smoked daily gn was obtained 2 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 3. TYPES OF ACNE A. Mild to Moderate acne vulgaris consists of the following types of acne in spots: White heads: White heads (1) result when a pore is completely blocked, trapping sebum (oil), bacteria, and dead skin cells, causing a white appearance bn et .a c. on the surface. These types of acne lesions sometimes seem to be begging to be popped. Make sure you read about how to pop a pimple before you attempt this. Whiteheads are normally quicker in life cycle than blackheads. Figure-2 in fli Figure-1 Blackheads: Blackheads (2) result when a pore is only partially blocked, allowing some of the trapped sebum (oil), bacteria, and dead skin cells to u. slowly drain to the surface. The black color is not caused by dirt. Rather, it is a reaction of the skin's own pigment, melanin, reacting with the oxygen in the air. gn A blackhead tends to be a stable structure, and can often take a long time to clear. 3 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Papules: Papules are inflamed, red, tender bumps with no head. Do not squeeze a papule. It will do no good, and may exacerbate scarring. The in Regimen provides a step-by-step program on how to treat papules. Pustules: A pustule is similar to a whitehead, but is inflamed, and appears as a bn et .a c. red circle with a white or yellow center. Pustules are your garden-variety zit. Before you pop or squeeze such a lesion, be sure to read about how to pop a pimple. The Regimen provides a step-by-step program on how to treat pustules. Nodules and cysts characterize severe acne vulgarism: Nodules: As opposed to the lesions mentioned above, nodular acne consists of acne spots which are much larger, can be quite painful and can sometimes last for months. Nodules are large, hard bumps under the skin's surface. Scarring is common. Absolutely do not attempt to squeeze such a lesion. You may cause severe trauma to the skin and the lesion may last for months longer than it normally would. Dermatologists often have ways of lessening swelling fli and preventing scarring. Cysts: An acne cyst can appear similar to a nodule, but is pus-filled, and has in been described as having a diameter of 5mm or more across. They can be painful. Again, scarring is common with cystic acne. Squeezing an acne cyst may cause a deeper infection and more painful inflammation, which will last u. much longer than if you, had left it alone. Dermatologists often have ways of gn lessening swelling and preventing scarring. 4 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne B. Severe Acne: Severe acne can affect many facets of a person’s life, causing a great deal of embarrassment and stress. Severe acne may significantly limit one’s social life in and even interfere with opportunities for employment. Since this condition can be disfiguring and require years of treatment, it is important to see a specialist. Dermatologists have the most experience treating the different types of severe bn et .a c. acne. Four types of severe acne, described in detail below, are: I. Acne Conglobata Acne conglobata is a chronic and severe form of acne vulgaris, characterized by: Deep abscesses Inflammation Severe damage to the skin Scarring Blackheads (open comedones) are usually conspicuous and widespread—often occurring on the face, neck, trunk, upper arms In fli and/or buttocks acne conglobata, inflammatory nodules form around multiple in comedones, gradually increasing in size until they break down and discharge pus. Deep ulcers may form under the nodules, leading to keloidtype scars, and crusts may form over deeply ulcerated nodules Burrowing abscesses commonly result in deep, irregular scarring. Acne conglobata may be preceded by acne cysts, papules or pustules gn u. that do not heal, but instead rapidly deteriorate. Occasionally, acne conglobata flares up in acne that had been dormant for many years. Males are more likely than females to have acne conglobata; the age of onset is usually between 18 and 30 years. The cause of the condition is not well understood. 5 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne II. Acne Fulminans Acne fulminans is a sudden onset of highly destructive inflammation. It appears Symptoms of severe and often ulcerating acne Fever Inflammation and aching of joints, especially hips and knees bn et .a c. in suddenly in a person with inflammatory acne and is characterized by: A person who develops acne fulminans may have had unsuccessful treatment for another form of severe acne, acne conglobata. III. Nodulocystic Acne Cysts are relatively uncommon in acne; however, cysts characterize this form fli of severe acne. Cysts may develop singly or be widespread as these photos show in Cysts may occur singly, or be widespread over the face, neck, scalp, back, chest and shoulders. And, they can be painful. u. The nodular cyst of acne is not a true cyst—an abnormal dilatation of a normal skin structure. Acne cysts are nodules of inflammation. The cysts may arise from a papular or nodular acne lesion, or occasionally from a type of cyst that gn develops in the outer layer of the skin—a type of cyst not usually associated with acne. A cyst may appear to be filled with thick, yellow pus-like fluid. This is usually an inflamed and infected cyst. If an attempt is made to drain such a 6 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne cyst, it should be done in a physician’s office under sterile conditions, not in front of a bathroom mirror. Cysts occurring close together may coalesce, producing soft areas another form of severe acne, acne conglobata. bn et .a c. IV. Gram-negative folliculitis in undermined with tunnels, cell destruction and inflammation, resulting in Gram-negative folliculitis is an inflammation of follicles caused by a bacterial infection that can result from long-term antibiotic treatment. Patients who are being treated with antibiotics for severe acne may develop Gram-negative folliculitis. The word “Gram” refers to a blue stain used in laboratories to detect microscopic organisms. Certain bacteria do not stain blue and are called gn u. in fli “Gram negative.” 7 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 4. SYMPTOMES OF ACNE Acne spots appear in areas of skin that have a large number of sebaceous glands. They appear most often on the face, but can also form in other places in such as the neck, shoulders, behind the ears, on the chest, on the buttocks and on the upper back. bn et .a c. Acne consists of several different types of 'spot', which can be roughly divided as follows: Blackheads - tiny dark coloured blocked pores. The black of the blackheads is due to skin pigment, not dirt. Whiteheads - small, firm bumps with a white centre. Pustules - pus-filled spots with an obvious balloon of white pus, which may turn yellow as the spot begins to heal. Nodules - hard lumps under the skin that can be very painful, go deep into the skin and often cause scars. These are the most common type of spot found in very severe acne, and they often run together in groups. When they heal, they may leave scar fli The first sign of acne is comedones. They appear most often on the face, chest, back, and shoulders. Bacteria populations can grow quickly in comedones. If the follicle wall ruptures, an inflammatory lesion develops. Redness, swelling, and in pus-filled lesions accompany infection. Inflammation that persists can result in the formation of a large, often-painful u. acne cyst or nodule (collection of inflammatory cells). When a cyst heals, it can leave a pitted, discolored scar, known as a pockmark. Scars can be treated with gn dermabrasion, laser resurfacing, or collagen injection. 8 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 5. CAUSES OF ACNE Acne that begins at puberty is the result of increased sensitivity to the hormone testosterone, which is present in both boys and girls. Testosterone causes in excessive sebum to be secreted from the skin's sebaceous glands. Skin cells rapidly divide and sometimes block the opening of hair follicles. The resulting whiteheads. bn et .a c. build up of sebum behind the blockage helps produce blackheads and At puberty changes in skin acid levels also encourage the growth of bacterium, which can become trapped in the hair follicles. This produces a deeper infection, in the form of pustules and nodules. Other causes: Acne sometimes seems to run in families, so there may be a genetic factor that makes certain people more likely to have it. worse in times of stress, although it is not clear why. It may be because stressed people touch their faces more, spreading the bacteria, or because they are sweating more. In girls, outbreaks may be affected by the hormonal changes that occur fli during the menstrual cycle. Another cause may be excessive production of androgens (hormones like in testosterone), resulting not from puberty but from conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Certain drugs such as corticosteroids, anti-epileptic medicines like and oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel or gn u. phenytoin, norethisterone, may aggravate acne. Anabolic steroids, sometimes used by body-builders, can cause acne as a side effect. Exposure to dangerous chemicals called dioxins can cause a rare form of acne called chloracne. 9 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Eating greasy foods or chocolate does not cause acne. Having poor hygiene is also not direct cause, although if you do not wash your face or remove in make-up Other causes of acne bn et .a c. 1) Role of Androgens Androgens (male sex hormones) stimulate growth of sebaceous follicles and enhance production of sebum. After puberty, boys produce 10 times as much androgen as girls; therefore it is not surprising that more boys than girls develop severe cases of acne. During the second decade of life, sebum production closely parallels both androgen production and the presence of acne. Although testosterone is the most potent androgen, its metabolites and weaker androgens are increased in acne patients and may stimulate sebaceous gland activity. 2) Sebum Production fli Sebum is produced in the sebaceous glands and consists of glycerides, wax esters, squalene, and cholesterol. At times, a relationship between increased sebum secretion and severity of acne is present. The glyceride component of in sebum is converted to free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol by lipases, products of P. acnes. FFA may irritate the follicular wall and cause increased cell u. turnover and inflammation. 3) Follicle Growth gn Abnormal alterations in the follicle wall and its cell growth (keratinization) have also been associated with acne. The increased production of loosely adherent keratin cells has been correlated with obstruction of the follicles seen in comedo formation. 10 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 4) Bacteria P. acnes is part of the normal flora in the sebaceous follicle and plays an important role in the initial development and maintenance of the inflammatory in response present in acne. Although P. acnes counts are typically higher in patients with acne, and bn et .a c. antibiotic therapy reduces these count, the pathogenic role of P. acnes is not that of simple infection. P. Acnes may be capable of causing increased antibody formation, thereby leading to an inflammatory response. Other Potential Causes Hormonal changes related to pregnancy or starting/stopping birth control pills can also cause acne. Stress, particularly severe or prolonged emotional tension, may aggravate acne. Certain drugs, including androgens, lithium, and barbiturates are known to cause acne. Greasy cosmetics may alter the cells of the follicles and make them stick together. Friction caused by leaning on or rubbing the skin or the pressure of bike helmets, backpacks, or tight collars can contribute to or fli worsen acne. Acne Myths in In addition to the potential causes of acne, there are also many myths about what causes acne. Chocolate and greasy foods are often blamed, but research has shown that foods seem to have little effect on the development and course of gn u. acne in most people 11 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne bn et .a c. in 6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACNE The causes of acne are multifactorial and not completely understood. Theories on the causes of acne include the role of androgens (hormones), Propionibacterium acnes, sebum production, and follicle growth. Acne is generally limited to the parts of the body that have the largest and most abundant sebaceous glands - the face, neck, chest, upper back, and upper arms. These sebaceous glands normally produce sebum, a substance which fli moisturizes the skin. Acne lesions are typically centered about the pilosebaceous follicles, which open onto the skin surface as the pores of the skin. in Sebaceous glands develop at puberty in response to androgen stimulation and are attached to the follicle canal by sebaceous ducts. Acne is believed to result u. from a change in the inner lining of the follicle that prevents sebum from passing through. For reasons not completely understood, cells from the lining of the follicle are shed too fast and clump together. The clumped cells plug up the gn follicle's opening so sebum cannot reach the surface of the skin. One of the jobs of the sebum is to carry cells shed by the glands to the surface of the skin. But because the excess sebum is blocking the openings of the glands, called ducts, both cells and sebum accumulate. This mixture of oil and cells causes bacteria that normally live on the skin, called Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), to grow 12 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne in the plugged follicles. These bacteria produce chemicals and enzymes that cause inflammation, which is a characteristic reaction of tissues to injury and is marked by four signs: swelling, redness, heat, and pain. When the plugged follicle can no longer hold its contents, it bursts and spills or pimples develop as a result of the skin's being irritated. in everything onto the nearby skin - sebum, shed skin cells, and bacteria. Lesions bn et .a c. Individuals with acne may have a variety of lesions. The basic acne lesion, called the comedo is simply an enlarged hair follicle plugged with oil and bacteria. This lesion is often referred to as a microcomedo because it cannot be seen by the naked eye. If the plugged follicle, or comedo, stays beneath the skin, it is called a closed comedo or whitehead. Whiteheads usually appear on the skin as small, whitish bumps. A comedo that reaches the surface of the skin and opens up is called a blackhead because it looks black on the skin's surface. This black discoloration is not due to dirt but rather to the oxidation of melanin pigment. Both whiteheads gn u. in fli and blackheads may stay in the skin for a long time. 13 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 7. TREATMENT OF ACNE The type of treatment depends on how severe the acne is, and whether it is inflammatory (whether the spots are red swollen bumps). bn et .a c. gels, creams or lotions that are applied directly to the skin (topical). in Mild non-inflammatory acne (white heads and blackheads) may be treated with PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION FOR TREATING ACNE There are various medications for treatment 1. Topical Agents How Should Mild Acne Be Treated? Mild acne consists of open and closed comedones and some papules and pustules. Retinoid and retinoid analogs. fli Topical retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A and considered a cornerstone in acne treatment. in Retinoides work to unclog pores and prevent whiteheads and blackheads from forming. An added benefit in using topical retinoids is that they may gn u. help diminish the signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles. (a)Tretinoin:. It is the first retinoid developed for topical use and is a natural retinoid. Tretinoin is a comedolytic agent that normalize desquamation of the epithelial lining, thereby preventing obstruction of pilosebaceous outlet. This agent has direct anti-inflamatory effects. In tretinoin microsphere, rationing is encapsulated 14 in a polymer that slowly SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne releases the active medication, resulting in less irritation. With all retinoids, visible improvements occur after 8 to 12 weeks of treatment. in Formulation(1) cream-0.025% (3) cream-0.1% (4)Gel-0.01% (5) gel-0.025% (6)Solution-0.05% bn et .a c. (2) cream-0.05% Tritinoin Micro sphere 7.Gel 0.04% fli 8.Gel 0.1% (b) Adapalene:- in It is a synthetic retinoid applid as a cream or gel. Adapalene unclogs pores and possesses moderate to potent anti- u. inflamatory abilities. Improovement is usually seen in8 to 12 weeks. gn Side effects:-Skin irritation and Dryness. Formulation: - 15 SKPCPER (1) Gel 0.1% (2) Cream 0.1% (3) Pledget 0.1% (4) Solution 0.1% in Herbal Drugs Used In Acne c.Tazarotene:- bn et .a c. It is a synthetic retinoid available as cream or gel. It works to keep the skin’s pores clear and has proven effective in acne. Side effect: -Skin irritation Note: - Pregnant women should not use this medication. Formulations: (1) Gel 0.05% (2) Gel 0.1% (3) Cream 0.05% (4) Cream 0.1% fli d. Benzoyl peroxide and its combinations:- in Benzoyl peroxide is an inexpensive OTC product. It has a stronger effect on papules than tretinoin, but a weaker effect on comedones. It helps to clear up acne by reducing P.acnes and removing dead cells from skin to u. prevent comedones formation. Side effect: - Excessive dryness of skin. gn Combination of topical antibiotics and benzoyl peroxide increase efficacy and reduce antibiotic resistance in-patient’s with P.acnes colonization. The gel containing 1% Clindamycin with 5% Benzoyl peroxide and 3% Erythromycin with 5% Benzoyl peroxide are available. 16 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Formulations:Gel: 2.5%, 5%, or 10% (2) Wash: 2.5%, 5%, or 10% in (1) e. Azelic acid:- bn et .a c. Naturally occurring in the skin, it is used to treat mild to moderate inflammatory and noninflamatory acne. Azelic acid clears acne by reducing the populations of P.acnes, decreasing the abnormal shedding of skin cells and reducing inflammation. It is well tolerated and safe. Side effects:- Skin dryness and lightning of the skin. f. Clindamycin:- It is a semi synthetic antibiotic. It works by reducing P.acnes and decreasing inflammation. In topical form, is safe and well tolerated. Side effect:- Skin dryness and irritation. fli Formulation:- (1) Gel 0.1% in (2) Lotion 1% (3) Solution 1% gn u. (4) Swab 1% 17 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne g. Erythromycin:This topical antibiotic active against a broad spectum of bacteria, including P.acnes. Topical erythromycin, which is ant microbial and anti-inflamatory, is in used primarily to treat acne. When topical erythromycin is combined with benzoyl peroxide, the combination proves to be quite effective as the bn et .a c. patient gets the effects of two antimicrobial agents. Side effects:- Skin dryness and Irritation. Formulation:(1) Gel 2% (2) Solution 2% h. Sodium sulfacetamide:- A topical antibacterial that inhibits P.acnes and opens clogged pores, sodium sulfacetamide is effective in treating inflammatory acne. Many products containing sulfacetamide include sulfure. fli Formulation:- in (1) Lotion 10% 2. Systemic Agents:- u. a. Isotretinoin:- It is highly effective in the treatment of severe recalcitrant acne vulgaris. It gn causes normalization of epidermal differentiation, depress sebum excretion by 70%, is anti-inflamatory and even reduces the presence of P.acnes. Note:- It is not used during pregnancy. 18 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Formulation:- (1)Capsules 20mg. b. Oral antibiotics:- in (a) Erythromycin (b) Tetracyclin and derivatives bn et .a c. Tetracyclin reduces the papules and pustules of acne. Higher doses may prescribed for severe acne. These medication should not be given to children younger than 8 years of age because they can affect growth and stain teeth. They should not be taken by pregnant women. While taking tetracycline exposure to sun light should be minimized. Doxycycline and Minocycline is used to treat acne. Formulation:- (1) Capsule Tetracycline 250mg (2) Capsule Minocycline 50mg gn u. in fli (3) Capsule Doxycycline 50mg 19 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 3. Over-the- counter products a.Alcohol and acetone:- in These two are found together in some over-the counter medications that are used to treat acne. Acetone works as a decreasing agent and alcohol has mild bn et .a c. antimicrobial properties. b.Benzoyl peroxide:- Benzyl peroxide can be obtained in various concentrations. It comes in waterbased or alcohol-based gels. The water-based formulation is less drying than alcohol-based formulations. c.Resorcinol :- It is a popular ingredient in over-the-counter acne medications, it controls small acne lesions and is frequently combined with sulfure in over-thecounter products. Resorcinol and sulfure combinations are available as Cream, present. fli Gel, Lotion or stick. In these preparations, 2% resorcinol with 8% sulfure is in d.Salicylic acid:- It is effectiv in treating non inflammatory lesions. Salicylic acid does not have any effect on sebum production or P.acnesacid must be used continuously. Once u. stopped, pores clog and acne return. It may be irritating to the skin gn e.Sulfur:- It is used in combination with other agents, such as alcohol, salicylic acid, and resorcinol and is found in many over-the-counter acne medications. While long used t treat acne, it is not known how sulfur works to clear acne. Due to its unpleasant odor, not used alone. 20 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne f.Peeling:Chemical peels use a mild acid to remove entire layer of skin, in taking pimple with skin and reducing the possibility of scarring. Peelings are often recommended for the cosmetic treatment of bn et .a c. comedones. Like keratolytic drugs, they remove the superficial layer of the stratum corneum. Alpha-hydroxy acids are naturally occurring organic acids- for example, glycolic acid, a natural constituent of sugar cane juice and lactic acid, found in sour milk and tomato juice. Glycolic acid is very effective in treating acne and its gn u. in fli associated hyper-pigmentation. 21 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 4.Natural and herbal remidies A)Neem:- in Biological sourse:- Azadirachta indica bn et .a c. Family:- Meliaceae Chemical Constituents:- Diterpenes, Triterpenes –Nimbidine,Azadirachtin,Nimbendiol Nimatone,Quercetin,myrecetin,Kempferol Uses of Neem: As anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, analgesic and antiinflammatory. Neem is effective against serious skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, acne, dermatitis, herpes, shingles and many more. Neem has been shown to regulate the immune system, lower blood fli sugars, reduce fevers, fight gum disease, and act as a tonic for the heart Additionally, neem has been used historically to treat bacterial, fungal, and in viral infections, and to boost the immune system. u. Acne and Neem: Neem kills the bacteria that cause acne and reduces the inflammation gn that makes it so noticeable. Neem-based creams have even improved the appearance of people who have reddened skin from acne that ended years before. 22 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Dandruff and Neem neem is the herb of choice for controlling dandruff. Usually associated with imbalance in hormones, infections, or diets rich in fats and sweets. Internally, in neem compounds counteract excessive sweets and seem to provide balance to hormones. Taking neem leaf tea, or using neem leaf capsules after an especially fatty or sugary meal will also help balance the body which can help prevent bn et .a c. dandruff Dry skin and Neem For mildly dry skin apply a neem lotion as a moisturizer. For severe dry skin, after washing, apply neem cream and repeat several times daily until the skin has recovered its natural balance Skin ulcers and Neem Skin ulcers should be washed daily and covered with a neem lotion. For individual ulcers, apply neem leaf extract or damp whole leaves to the skin ulcer and cover with a gauze bandage overnight or until it is healed. Replace the fli bandage and extract daily. in Psoriasis and Neem Neem oil is probably the best product currently available for treating psoriasis. It moisturizes and protects the skin while it helps heal the lesions, scaling and Topical applications of neem are usually oil or cream based, neem u. irritation. helps to lubricate the skin. Neem's antibacterial and anti-viral compounds help prevent infections. It also can be used for extended periods of time without side gn effects. Neem can also take the place of oral medications and injections that may have strong side effects or cause liver damage or birth defects. It is perhaps the best and safest alternative for treating psoriasis. 23 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Neem and Allergies Neem inhibits allergic reactions when applied externally or consumed internally (David, 1978). Neem compounds inhibit the stimulus produced by histamine and in may be helpful in skin rashes and bronchial allergy. Application of a neem-based cream or lotion will stop the itching and inflammation of rashes and neem tea bn et .a c. may be taken internally for allergies to pollen, molds, etc Shingles and Neem Believed to be caused by the same virus that causes Chickenpox, shingles works on the nerve endings, creating a painful burning sensation. Neem's ability to surround viruses and prevent them from entering and infecting cells makes neem one of the only agents capable of relieving shingles B) Aloeaera:- fli Biological source:- Alovera barbidensis Family:- Liliaceae. Constituents:- Aloin, Aloe-emodine-anthrone, Aloe- in Chemical emodine,Isobarbaloin, u. Aloe Vera is available in a wide range of products such as body and hand lotion, pure aloe Vera juice, medicated jelly, medicated cream, moisturizer, heat rub, gn mini lift mask etc. Aloe Vera Uses There are large numbers of uses of aloe Vera and mostly they are utilized as a medication and food preservative. The various aloe Vera uses included the following: 24 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Aloe Vera is beneficial in the reducing of scalp care, stings, sunburns, sore muscles, scrapes, scalds, psoriasis, acne, burns, arthritis, sprains, bruises, cold sores and abrasions. It is useful to treat various skin diseases. Aloe Vera is utilized in lotions, capsule, gel, creams, spray, liquid etc. It assists in healing blisters and offers relaxation from itching. Aloe vera juices are taken to treat any digestive diseases, ulcers and heartburn. bn et .a c. in It decreases the intensity of pigmentation and removes the dark spots from the face. Aloe Vera juice decreases the quantity of stomach juices and acts like an anti-inflammatory. It is very beneficial in the penetration of healthy matters. Muscle pain and joints pain is caused because of arthritis and decreased by using aloe Vera gels or sprays. It is useful to remove dead cells and applied like a moisturizer. It is useful to stimulate the creation of collagen and elastin that are fli essential to prevent the aging of the skin. Aloe Vera extract is beneficial to reduce the levels of blood sugar. It is beneficial in curing such as anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant in properties. Aloe Vera gel offers benefit to decrease the levels of blood fat lipid, u. triglycerides and cholesterol.It breaks down the fat globules and is useful to decrease obesity. gn Aloe vera juice for internal use Irritable bowel syndrome Arthritis, diverticulitis and Lupus Erythematosis (LE) Heartburn – peptic ulcers and hiatus hernia 25 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Mild cases or oral thrush – candida (use natural unflavoured product) ME (post-viral syndrome) Sore throat in Mouth ulcers Aloe vera gel for external use bn et .a c. Burns, scalds, sunburn Insect bites, plant and insect stings Ulcers of the lower leg (or other skin area) Scratches, scrapes and minor abrasions Skin care (softening and moisturising agent in many cosmetic products) Itchy rashes, including eczema and psoriasis gn u. in fli Acne 26 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne C) Lavander:Biological source:- Lavendula angustifolia. in Family:- Labiatae Chemical constituents:- Essential oil, linalool, pinene, geraniol, and cineol. many more! Uses of lavender: Lavender Essential oil is used for treating dry, sensitiv skin, acne and eczema bn et .a c. Properties:- Analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative. Plus It inhibits acne causing bacteria,while soothing andhelping to balance the over-secretion of sebum. It is a natural antibiotic and antiseptic,which helps to reduce acne scaring Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it is used in reducing redness fli in and soothing the skin. Lavender is a recognized treatment for the following conditions and symptoms: Restlessness gn u. Insomnia Abdominal complaints Rheumatism Loss of appetite Lavender may also be used externally for a variety of treatments. Aromatherapists use it as a tonic in inhalation therapy to treat nervous disorders and exhaustion. Herbalists treat skin ailments, such as fungal 27 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne infections, burns, wounds, eczema, and acne, with lavender. It is also used externally in a healing bath for circulatory disorders and as a rub for Contra-indications:- in rheumatic ailments. (early) pregnancy. Stress-related conditions, depression, insomnia. Migraine, headache; shock, vertigo. Muscular aches, rheumatism, sciatica. Period pains, PMT. Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, sinusitis, respiratory infections, flu, whooping cough. bn et .a c. Stomach cramps, colic, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea. Hypertension. Parts Used The fresh or dried flowers of the lavender plant are used for medicinal purposes. fli Available Forms Commercial preparations are made from dried flower, dried herb, and essential in oil. Lavender is available in the following forms: Teas Dried flower Infusions Tinctures Lavender oil gn u. 28 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne D) Tea tree oil:- in Biological source:-Melaleuca alternifolia Family:Myrtaceae bn et .a c. Othernames: Melaleuca oil Chemical constituents:-Essential-oil Tea tree oil is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia, a plant native to Australian. The part used medicinally is the oil from the leaves. Uses of Tea tree oil:- Tea tree oil contains terpenoids, which have antiseptic and antifungal activity. The compound terpinen-4-ol is the most abundant and is thought to be responsible for most of tea tree oil's antimicrobial activity. Acne Athlete's foot Dandruff Vaginitis Thrush Periodontal disease As an antiseptic gn u. in fli Boils Lice Eczema Psoriasis Available forms:-creams, ointments, lotions,soap, shampoo 29 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne E) Turmeric: Biological source:- Curcuma longa Chemical constituents:- Volatile-oil, Resin, Curcumin, bn et .a c. Camphene, Zinziberene. in Family:- Zinziberaceae These natural plant's extracts used in cosmetic products marketed for skin care and hair care. Skin Care and Colouring The skin is the main portion of the body and provides a shielding barrier against harmful chemicals, microbes, and ultraviolet radiation. Natural plant products like turmeric have been formulated to heal and prevent dry skin, treat skin conditions such as eczema and acne, and retard the aging process. . New born babies also rubbed with turmeric on their forehead for good fli luck. Traditionally women rub turmeric on their cheeks to produce a natural golden glow, extract of turmeric has been added to creams for use as a in colouring agent. A compound called curcumin is the yellow pigment in turmeric. Washing in turmeric improves skin complexion and also reduces hair gn u. growth on body. Nowadays there are lots of herbal products in the market in which main herb used is turmeric as natural ingredient. These constitute home remedies for skin and hair problems. Natural cleansers like milk with turmeric powder are effective natural cosmetics in themselves; it brings a healthy glow to the skin and makes them beautiful. They also help to restore or maintain youth by controlling 30 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne wrinkle and crease formation on the surface of the skin. Turmeric can also benefit skin conditions including: eczema, psoriasis and acne. Effectual healing properties of turmeric have made it accepted after can also be used as bio-pesticides and sunscreens. in ingredient in cosmetics and drugs, as the leaf oil of turmeric and extract In addition to colour and flavour into many oriental cuisines, turmeric bn et .a c. powder is valuable for its aromatic, stimulatory and carminative properties as well as for curing many ailments both minor such as sore throat and coryza as well as major afflictions. It is eminent for accelerated healing of both septic and non-septic wounds. Turmeric is also very effective tonic and a blood purifier. It is also skinfriendly and constitutes an important ingredient of many creams and lotions. Skin Disease A fresh Juice from rhizome or (the aboveground and underground roots) a paste prepared from turmeric or decoction is often used as a local application as well fli as internally in the treatment of leprosy skin diseaseIn case of smallpox and chickenpox, turmeric is applied as a powder or as a paste to facilitate the process in of scabbing. u. a range of color from yellow to deep orange. Hair CareFor the treatment of dandruff, and as hair colorants and dyes, plant extracts are used as hair growth stimulators, the mechanism of action appears to be an acceleration of blood gn circulation nor increased nutrition to the hair follicles. Natural dyes derived from plant extracts are being used in hair colorant products; curcumin from turmeric also used in natural dye produce 31 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne F) Tulsi in Biological source:- Ocimum sanctum bn et .a c. Family:-Labiatae Uses:- Decoction of tulsi leaves, honey and ginger is an effective remedy for bronchitis,asthma,andinfluenza. Tulsi leaves, besides being added to tea for taste, can also help in preventing feverishness. In acute fever, a decoction of tulsi leaves boiled with powdered cardamom, sugar and milk can lower and control the temperature. Basil is useful in reducing blood cholesterol as well as purification of blood. The leaves are good for nerves and to sharpen memory. Basil leaves are regarded as an adaptogen, anti-stress agent. Chewing of basil leaves also cures ulcers and infections in mouth. fli Juice of basil leaves and honey taken regularly for six months can be useful in expelling renal stones. Tulsi is known for its antiseptic property to destroy bacteria and insects. in A teaspoon of tulsi leaves juice can be taken at an interval of few hours in case of insect bite. Also fresh juice must be applied to the affected parts. u. Basil juice is an effective remedy for sore eyes and night blindness. Powder of dried tulsi leaves mixed with mustard oil can be used as toothpaste for maintaining dental health, countering bad breath and for massaging-gums. gn Pounded leaves mixed with sandalwood paste can be applied on forehead toget relief from headache A few drops of juice can be put in the ear to treat earache and dullness of hearing 32 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne The seeds of the plant are useful in treating diarrhea, chronic dysentery and constipation. Tulsi is used in Serious ailments like inflammation, heart disease, various forms of poisoning, malaria, diabetes, hepatitis and psychosomatic stress in The juice of leaves, or a concoction, called Jushanda, is a kind of tea, giving relief in common cold, fever, bronchitis, cough, digestive complaints, etc. bn et .a c. Marked by its strong aroma and astringent taste, Tulsi is also known as "the elixir of life" as it promotes longevity. The plant's extracts can be used to prevent and cure many illnesses and everyday ailments like common cold, headaches, cough, flu, ear-ache, fever, colic pain, digestive disorders, etc. Uses of Basil :- The following remedies are from: “The Green Guide to Herb Gardening” Indigestion – Use a regular infusion after a meal. This will aid digestion and dispel gas. Add basil to your food. Anxiety – Basil has a slight sedative property, and an infusion will counteract nervous headaches and anxiety. fli Sores – A poultice of basil seeds placed on sores aids in healing. Basil has antibacterial properties. in Lung Congestion with a Cold – A strong infusion of basil will help clearn the lungs. When a cold has your really stuffed up, use for both your head and chest. Menstrual cycle – A strong infusion of basil can be taken to bring on the u. menstrual cycle.(This is why pregnant women shouldn’t take basil) Acne – Use oil of basil on acne after testing allergic reactions. If there is any gn reaction don’t use on your face. 33 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne G) Sandalwood:- in Biological source:- Santalum album bn et .a c. Family:-Santalaceae Chemical constituents:- Santalol, Santalal, Santene, Santanone, Teresantole. Sandalwood essential oil is often distracted from the wood of Sandalwood tree using steam distillation and it is the heartwood of the roots that produces the highest quality of oil all. Today sandalwood essential oils is considered in aromatherapy to be considered effective in treating dry skin, general skin irritation and acne. It may also help in the treatment of bronchitis, catarrh, dry persistent coughs, laryngitis as well as sore throats. It may also help in to relieve diarrhea, nausea and some cases of cystitis. fli However, it is also great as a tonic for a hyper active mind and is considered to be an anti-depressant as it can help to relieve hot, agitated emotional states and in relieving people from over thinking and worry. gn u. Uses of sandal wood oil: Sandal wood oil is used for symptomatic treatment of dysurea. It is mainly used as a perfume in preparation of cosmetics and incense stics. It is used to treat acne. 34 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne H) Dandelion in Biological sourse:- Taraxacum Officinale bn et .a c. Family:- Compositae Chemical constituents:- Triterpenes, Vitamins A, B, C, and D, Sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, carotenoids, potassium, taraxacoside, phenolic acids, calcium Parts used:- Leaves The leaves are edible and can be put in a salad to provide a diuretic effect. The root can also be used to improve the health of the liver. .Applications: Diuretic/Detoxifier Dandelion leaf and root are primarily used as a diuretic and detoxification strategy. Diuretic: The dandelion leaf can treat water retention. This property also makes it useful for lowering blood pressure. It can also reduce swelling and bloating caused by edema. fli Detoxification: When the root of dandelion is taken, it can aid the liver and kidneys in the removal of toxic substances from the body. This action makes it in useful for treating conditions that are caused by toxins such as acne, gout, and psoriasis. Gallbladder: Dandelion root can help to prevent gallstones. In someone who u. already has gallstones, dandelion root may help to dissolve them. Dandelion Dosage: Dandelion can be eaten in a salad to help cleanse the body gn and provide a diuretic effect. As a decoction of root, take 1/2 cup of Dandelion 3 times a day for acne. As a juice, drink 20 ml 3 times of Dandelion daily for water retention. 35 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne As an infusion of leaves, take 500 ml daily for water rentention. I) Jatamansi:- in Botanical Name: Nardostachys Jatamansi bn et .a c. Family:- Valarianaceae Popular Name(s): Muskroot, Indian Spikenard, Jatamanshi, Jatamashi, Balchar Chemical constituents:- Volatile oil, Sugar, jatamansic acid,jatamansone. Parts Used: Rhizome, Rhizome oil Uses: Jatamansi is used for treating insomnia, mental instability and also as a memory enhancer. As an herbal CNS (Central Nervous System) drug, it is used for epilepsy, hysteria, and convulsions. Due to its anti-arrhythmic activity, the oil is said to promote hair growth and helps it fli maintain its color as well. It is believed that the active constituent, jatamansone, can reduce hyperactivity, gn u. in restlessness, and aggressiveness in hyperactive children. 36 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne J) Onion:- in Biological source:-Allium cepa bn et .a c. Family:- Liliacea Parts used:- Bulb, Fresh juice Uses:- Reduce blood pressure and improve circulation. Onion is taken for colds, flu, and coughs. It can help ward off angina, arteriosclerosis, and heart attack. It also works well for preventing oral infection and tooth decay. Externally, warmed Onion juice in the ear can soothe earaches and a baked Onion poultice works for draining pus from sores. Placing a poultice on the chest relieves congestion, abscesses, and boils. Some modern herbalists use Onion juice to remove warts and prevent fli acne, and an Onion syrup works well as an expectorant. Onion is also thought to be an aphrodisiac and a hair tonic for stimulating growth. in Sliced, raw Onions work well in soothing bee stings, insect bites, hives, or nettle rash. u. Steam inhalation with hot water and raw Onions relieves sinus congestion gn caused by colds. 37 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne K) Evening Primrose Oil (abbreviated EPO) in Latin Name: Oenothera biennis Other Names: bn et .a c. Family: Onagracaeae King's Cure-All Uses:- Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis – EPO may help reduce or eliminate requirement for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Treatment of inflammatory skin diseases (e.g. eczema,psoriasis) – topical use of EPO (i.e. application of contents of capsule to the skin) can relieve itching and eliminate the need for use of anti-inflammatory steroidal medications; safe for use in children and adults. Treatment and prevention of heart disease and stroke; helps to reduce blood pressure – EPO has been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels fli by an average of 31.5% and it additionally helps to reduce platelet aggregation (i.e. prevents blood clot formation) Treatment and prevention of PMS symptoms such as bloating, breast in tenderness, depression, irritability, headaches, etc. Improves skin condition – helps to produce and maintain healthy condition gn u. of skin Helps to reverse neurologic damage of advanced diabetes and aids in the normalization of certain lipid metabolic factors involved in the disease process of diabetes Treatment of ulcerative colitis Treatment of symptoms of multiple sclerosis – EPO has been shown to help treat the symptoms of MS; many trials are currently underway to help quantify its usefulness for patients suffering from MS 38 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Biological source:- Juniperus communis bn et .a c. Uses:- in L) Juniper: - It is used in stress anxiety, nervous tension. It is used in arthritis, cellutitis, gout, rheumatism It is used in acne, dermatitis, eczema. It is excellent for massaging weak muscels. It is used to control diabetes. It is used to treat dandruff or to promote hair growth. For Acne and Oily Skin Juniper’s antibacterial properties are helpful in treating acne, and its astringency helps with oily skin conditions. Combine 10 drops essential oil of juniper with 1 ounce of jojoba oil and apply to face, then wash with cleanser and rinse with fli warm water. in To Treat Dandruff or to Promote Hair Growth Use the same mixture as above--10 drops juniper oil to 1 ounce jojoba oil--and apply to scalp to promote hair growth and to eradicate dandruff. Allow to remain gn u. on scalp for 15 minutes to half an hour, then shampoo as usual. 39 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne M) Wall nut:Biological source:- Juglus regia Arthritis o catarrhal enteritis o Glandular swelling o Gout o Gum diseases o Promotes good appetite bn et .a c. o in Internal uses for English Walnut External use English Walnut o Acne o Dandruff o Eczema o Sores and irritated skin fli N) Patchouli in Biological source:- Pogostemon cablin Family:- Labiatae gn u. Uses:- The oil is widely employed as a fragrance and, in India, as an insect repellent. Patchouli is used in herbal medicine in Asia as an aphrodisiac, antidepressant and antiseptic. It is also employed for headaches and fever. Patchouli essential oil is used in aromatherapy to treat skin complaints 40 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne . It is thought to have a regenerative effect on skin tone and to help clear conditions such as eczema and acne. The oil may also be used for varicose veins and hemorrhoids. in Properties:- bn et .a c. Antiseptic, aromatic, antidepressant. o Nutrition and Dietary Supplement Diet Some people with acne report that certain drinks and foods (particularly nuts) worsen their symptoms. Studies have yet to confirm a scientific link between diet and acne, but people with this skin condition should avoid substances that appear to aggravate their symptoms. Zinc fli Mineral zinc may be an effective treatment for inflammatory acne. In two studies of about 60 people with inflammatory acne, those who took zinc gluconate daily for roughly two months had a significant reduction in the number and severity of in inflammatory lesions compared to those who took placebo for the same period of time. u. L-carnitine Side effects from isotretinoin got better when taking L-carnitine compared to gn those who took a placebo. Herbs 41 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne The following herbs have anti-inflammatory properties that may be helpful in the Calendula (Calendula officinalis) German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and flaxseed oil bn et .a c. in treatment of skin conditions including acne: o Food and Nutrition Recommendations for Acne: Eat foods high in beta carotene, such as carrots, pumpkin, cantaloupe and other yellow-orange fruits and vegetables. o Vitamin Therapy for Acne: fli Nutritionists generally suggest: 30 – 50 mg Zinc supplement daily - Zinc may help contribute to reducing the inflammation and heals the damaged skin. in Chromium supplements - Chromium helps boosts the body's ability to break down glucose. Vitamin A - reduces sebum and keratin production. (Caution: taking gn u. mega doses of Vitamin A can cause headaches, fatigue, muscle and joint pain and other side effects. Consult a qualified practitioner before taking mega supplements) Vitamin E - an antioxidant (200 to 400 IU a day) Vitamin B-6 50 mg per day. This vitamin aids in the metabolism of hormones 42 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Aloe Vera Gel Isotritinoin Capsules Vicco Turmeric Cream u. in fli Acnelyse Cream bn et .a c. in Herbal Market Preparation Used In Acne: - gn Ayurvedic Fair & Lovely Cream Mysore Sandal Soap 43 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 5. Ayurveda: - in According to Ayurveda: The benefits of these herbs have historically been used to improve the skin texture & color and also in various skin disorders. They have anti allergic properties and improve blood circulation. They purify the blood due bn et .a c. to their bitter taste and are used in problems caused by vitiated blood. They are known to be beneficial in skin problems associated with itching and burning sensations. They have Rasayana (Rejuvenating) properties and are used in various disorders of Vata (air) & Rakta (blood). They help in maintaining homeostasis, decrease the inflammation and by their mild laxative action, clear bowel and detoxify the intestines so that pure nutrition is available to the body. Due to Vata (air): Pimples are dry, rough, and painful, with or without discharge. Due to Pitta (fire): Pimples are soft, inflamed and contain thin discharge like pus with burning sensation. Due to Kapha (water): Pimples are hard, containing thick discharge, edematous fli and painless. Description: Acne Care is a natural herbal product, which helps to eliminate in basic cause of acne, purify the blood and nullify the effects of vitiated Doshas (humors). Composition: High Quality extracts of Wild crafted herbs from their natural u. habitat without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides or preservatives. Manjistha" 'Root' (Rubia cordifolia), "Turmeric" (rhizome), "Guduchi (stems), Haritaki 'Fruit'(Terminalia chebula),"Bitter Melon" (Karela) 'fruit', 'seeds' gn (Momrdica Charantia), "Chandan" (Sadalwood), "Neem" 'Leaf' (Azadirachta Indica). 44 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Whats are the factors ? Adhyashana: Eating food when previous meal is not digested. Virudhashana: Eating incompatible food such as fruit salad, fish with milk in etc. Vishamashana: Eating when you are not hungry or fasting when you are bn et .a c. hungry. Eating food in larger or lesser quantity, than required, is also termed as vishamashana. Regular consumption of hot (unsnap), pungent (katu), penetrating (teekta), salty food such as pickles, papads, spicy food, fried and oily food, junk food, preserved food, fast food etc., weakens the digestive power (jatharagni) and also vitiates dosha, rakta and medadhatu. This also leads to constipation and irregular bowel habits. 'Kama' (excessive thinking about sex) may increase the secretion of hormones from adrenaline, and this increased hormone vitiate and aggravates meda dhatu (increased sebum secretion) and give rise to acne. Other psychological factors such as grief, anger or psychic trauma fli (especially in girls) may lead to imbalance in dosha and flare up condition in of 'mukha dushika'. Acne conglobate is a severe variant of acne and is with many abscesses and cysts. They are often connected with intercommunicating sinuses. gn u. Excoriated acne is seen in early teenage girls and manifest as discrete denuded areas caused by pricking. Infantile Acne - This is a rare type. Stimulation of infant's adrenal gland through the placenta in some instances may give rise to infantile acne. Some drugs such as corticosteroides, oral contraceptives, androgen steroids, anticonvulsant may induce acne. 45 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Herbal Medicines 1. The paste made of Jeera (cumin seeds) applied over the pimples gives paste. After one hour, the application can be removed. in relief. For a single application, 5gm of Jeera is sufficient to prepare the 2. The paste of 5gm each of red sandalwood (Rakta Chandan) and turmeric bn et .a c. made with milk is a very efficacious local application. 3. Cumin seeds popularly known as ajwain are also useful in this condition. Prepare the paste of 5gm ajwain, duly adding required quantity of water and apply on the face. 4. Kumari pulp (known as Aloe vera) should be taken internally. Extracted juice of Aloe vera (half a cup) should be taken internally twice a day. 5. Fresh juice of tender tulsi leaves (Ocimum basilicum) is to be applied externally daily. 6. The paste of jatiphal (nutmeg) made with water is also very useful. Ayurvedic Remedies 1. Kumkumadi Lepam, an ointment for application over the face, after duly fli washing the face can be used daily until pimples disappear. 2. Some herbal blood purifying drugs may also be taken for better results. Saribadyasava 15 to 30ml taken after meals with equal quantity of water, in twice a day helps in the cure of acne vulgaris. 3. RS Forte syrup (DAP) is a good oral liquid for this condition. 20ml of syrup gn u. well mixed with 20ml of cold water should be taken orally twice a day for 40 days for good results. 4. Skinelle tablets (Charak Pharma) taken orally along with Skinelle ointment applied externally produce very good results in just two weeks. 5. Acnenil capsules (Uttam Pharma) in the dose of one capsule thrice daily after meals for a fortnight is a useful remedy for acne. 6. Jeevan Amrit (Neem oil) capsules taken once daily on an empty stomach help in curing acne and blackheads. 46 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 7. Rasana Forte capsules (Shilpa Chem), an extract of garlic should be taken orally twice daily for 20 to 30 days. 8. Trifala churna taken 5 to 10 gm daily helps in purifying the blood thus helping in the cure of acne. in 9. Clean-N-Clear syrup (Dabur) should be taken 1 teaspoonful thrice daily after meals for a month. bn et .a c. Chitrak:- Biological source:- Plumbago zeylanica Family:Uses:- Chitrak increases the digestive powers, promoting appetite, and used to treat a variety of disorders of the alimentary tract, such as dyspepsia, diarrhea, and piles It is an antiseptic, and is also useful in the management of skin disorders, rheumatism, and mental disorders. The paste is applied externally to the skin, where it acts as an irritant and opens abscesses. It decreases blood pressure slightly, and is used only with great caution fli internally, because it can cause abortion, and large doses can cause gn u. in respiratory failure. It is an ingredient in Yograj Guggulu. 47 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 6. Homeopathy: Homeopathy offers a few solutions for acne and pimples. Homeopathic acne gel is the most commonly used among these. The gel is applied onto the acne- in affected area and kept on for a period of time. Another these tablets counter r type of homeopathy acne medicine is a chewable tablet. These tablets counter bn et .a c. act oil secreting glands and help reduce pimples and acne that result from oily skin. Homeopathy also offers a lot of creams and ointments that attack acne. Contrary to conventional creams, they do not cause problems to those who have sensitive skins. Belladonna— for people who experience flushes of heat to the face or who have inflamed pustular acne that improves with cold applications Calendula— for skin conditions involving pustules or blisters Hepar sulphur— for painful, pus-filled acne Kali bromatum— for deep acne, especially on the forehead, in persons who are chilled and nervous gn u. in fli Silicea— for pustules or pit-forming acne 48 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne 8. Screening of anti acne drugs: In-Vivo Method:- in The common method is rabbit ear assay as experimental model. Isopropyl myristate is used as acne inducing agent while propylene glycol as control. bn et .a c. The ear follicles of rabbits resemble sebaceous glands in humans. Comedones can be induced on any portion of ventral surface of rabbit ear. In-Vitro Method: - Ithe antiacne compound or drug is screened by checking the antimicrobial activity against acne causing bactaria P.acnes(gm+ve,anerobic) & S.epidermidis (gm- gn u. in fli veaerobic) by any method give in IP. 49 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne in 9. Conclusion:- bn et .a c. Acne affects skin’s Oil glands and almost people between ages 11-30. There are various types of acne which are described in this project and various types of treatments are also available. Topical agents are widely used for acne now-a-days. But natural remedies have no side effects & there are many market formulations are available. Aloe, Turmeric, Neem, Sandalwood oil are the most popular & effective drugs. Herbal drugs are the best treatment of acne & have no side- effects. gn u. in fli This project may help others for screening of drugs which are used in acne. 50 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne in 10. References: www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk 2. Holisticonline.com 3. Acne.org 4. MeRec Bulletin Volume 10 1999 5. www.e2121.com 6. Casanno N, Amoruso A, Vena GA. J Cosm Dermatol 2002 7. Bhargava S. Monthly Floriculture Today 2002 8. FRLHT’s Amruth 2002 9. Sengupta D, Yadav N. Floriculture Today 2005 10. Arens-Corell M. Skin Care Forum 2005 11. Mehling A. Skin Care Forum 2005 12. www.aad.com 13. www.aboutacne.com in fli bn et .a c. 1. www.dermanet.com 15. www.acnehelper.com u. 14. www.acneresearchlab.com 17. www.acne-net.com 18. www.aafp.com 19. www.facefacts.com 20. www.alternativemedicine.com gn 16. 51 SKPCPER Herbal Drugs Used In Acne Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate gn u. in fli bn et .a c. in 21. 52 SKPCPER