67-Priyanka Shah

Transcription

67-Priyanka Shah

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A
Project Report
For Elective Subject
Submitted
To
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University,
Patan.
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In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree
Certificate of Bachelor of Pharmacy
Year: 2006-2007
Submitted By,
PRIYANKA H. SHAH
Shree S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical
Education & Research,
Ganpat Vidyanagar,
Kherva-382711
CERTIFICATE
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This is to certify that the project report for the elective
subject entitled “HERBAL DRUGS USED IN ACNE” is the
bonafide work of PRIYANKA H. SHAH satisfactorily carried
under my guidance and supervision in the Department of
Pharmacognosy,
Shree
S.K.Patel
College
of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat
Vidyanagar, during the academic year 2006-2007.
Guide:
Head of the Department:
Mrs. Nikunjana Patel
Asst. Professor
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Shree S. K. Patel College Of
Pharm. Edu. & Res. Kherva
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M.Pharm.
Lecturer
Department of Pharmacognosy
Shree S.K. Patel College Of
Pharm. Edu. & Res. Kherva
Dr. R.K.Patel
M.Pharm, Ph.D.
Principal:
Dr.M.M.Patel
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M.Pharm, Ph.D, LLB, FIC.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research,
Ganpat Vidyanagar.
Date:
Place:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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The successful completion of a project “HERBAL DRUGS USED IN ACNE’’
is generally not an individual effort. It is an outcome of the cumulative effort
of a number of persons, each having his own importance to the objective.
This session is a vote of thanks and gratitude towards all those persons who
have directly or indirectly contributed in their own special way towards the
completion of this project.
First of all I would like to thank my guide respected Mrs Nikunjana.Patel
for giving me guidance and also for supporting me in all the way to
complete this project.
I specially thankful to Dr. R.K.Patel sir for giving me guidance about the
project.I also like to thank our respected faculty members H.P.Patel,
K.M.Khambholja for their valued guidance and encouragement towards the
completion of our project.
I am also very much thankful to our honorable principal Dr.M.M.Patel for
providing infrastructure and research facilities at college.
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And I am really grateful to all those, whose ideas have been helpful in
preparing this report.
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I am also thankful to our librarian Mr.P.I.Patel, Mahadevbhai, Mukeshbhai
for providing me books & reference.
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I heartily thankful to Chaula madam for her great help to me in computer
laboratory.
I am thankful to all my friends for always help me in my all diffuculty.
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At last but not at least I express thanks to my family members for their
support and constant encouragement for successful completion of my project
work.
Date:
Ganpat Vidyanagar
PRIYANKA H. SHAH
Final B.Pharm.
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Dedicated to God,
My Family
&
Teachers
Page No.
1. INTRODUCTION
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2. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACNE
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Contents
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Index
3. TYPES OF ACNE
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4. SYMPTOMES OF ACNE
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5. CAUSES OF ACNE
9-11
6. PATHOPHYSIOLOG OF ACNE
12-13
7. TREATMENT OF ACNE
14-18
18-19
2. SYSTEMIC AGENTS
19-20
3. OVER-THE- COUNTER PRODUCTS
20-21
4. NATURAL AND HERBAL REMIDIES
22-43
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1. TOPICAL AGENTS
44-47
6. HOMEOPATHY
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5. AYURVEDA
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9. CONCLUSION
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8. SCREENING OF ANTI ACNE DRUGS
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10. REFERENCES
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Herbal Drugs Used In Acne
1. INTRODUCTION
Acne is a disease that affects the skin's oil glands. The small holes in the skin
(pores) connect to oil glands under the skin. These glands make an oily
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substance called sebum. The pores connect to the glands by a canal called a
follicle. Inside the follicles, oil carries dead skin cells to the surface of the skin.
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A thin hair also grows through the follicle and out to the skin. When the follicle
of a skin gland clogs up, a pimple grows.
Acne is a skin condition that affects the hair follicles and the sebaceous
glands in the skin, which secrete an oily substance called sebum. Acne is
most common on the face, arms, back and chest.
The onset of acne is usually around puberty, but in a minority of cases it may
also start in adulthood. About 80% of people will have some degree of acne
between the ages of 11 and 30.
In puberty, acne occurs because of changes to hormone levels, which cause
the sebaceous glands to produce increased amounts of sebum. Together with
dead skin cells, the sebum blocks the hair follicles, which enables the
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formation of 'spots' ranging from blackheads to painful red nodules.
As with the other physical changes that happen during puberty, acne usually
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corrects itself over time. It most cases it should get better without treatment.
However, in some people this may take many years and can potentially cause
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permanent scarring, so a variety of treatments are available.
Almost 100% of the people between the ages of twelve and seventeen have
at least occasional breakouts of whiteheads, blackheads or a pimple, now
and then. Most of these young people can manage their acne with, over the
counter treatments. But for some, acne is more serious. By their mid-teens,
nearly 35% of teenagers have acne severe enough to require some treatment
from a medical professional.
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2. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACNE
Acne affects both young men and women, although the percentage of young
men with acne is a little higher. Young men are more likely to have more severe,
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longer lasting forms of acne. Young men are less likely to visit a dermatologist for
their acne. Some young women are more likely to have occasional acne flair-ups
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due to hormonal changes associated with their menstrual cycle and acne caused
by Acne is a common skin disorder, but epidemiological data from the general
population obtained by examination are scarce. Clinical experience suggests an
association between smoking and acne, although confirmatory evidence from
appropriate studies is lacking.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and
demographic factors of acne in a general population sample and to investigate
the association of smoking and acne on a qualitative and quantitative
level.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 896 citizens (aged 1-87 years,
median
42) of the City of Hamburg were dermatologically examined. The prevalence and
severity of acne were recorded and further information on demographic
variables, medical history, and alcohol and cigarette consumption were obtained
by a standardized interview.ResultsAccording to the clinical
examination, acne
was present in 26·8% overall, and was more prevalent in men (29·9%) than
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women (23·7%) (odds ratio, OR 1·37, 95% confidence interval, CI 1·01-1·87).
Prevalence followed a significant linear trend over age with peak prevalence
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between 14 and 29 years. The reported age at onset was significantly lower in
women than men. According to multiple logistic regression analyses acne
prevalence was significantly higher in active smokers (40·8%, OR 2·04, 95% CI
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1·40-2·99) as compared with non-smokers (25·2%). A significant linear
relationship between acne prevalence and number of cigarettes smoked daily
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was obtained
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3. TYPES OF ACNE
A. Mild to Moderate acne vulgaris consists of the following types of acne
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spots:
 White heads: White heads (1) result when a pore is completely blocked,
trapping sebum (oil), bacteria, and dead skin cells, causing a white appearance
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on the surface. These types of acne lesions sometimes seem to be begging to
be popped. Make sure you read about how to pop a pimple before you attempt
this. Whiteheads are normally quicker in life cycle than blackheads.
Figure-2
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Figure-1
 Blackheads: Blackheads (2) result when a pore is only partially blocked,
allowing some of the trapped sebum (oil), bacteria, and dead skin cells to
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slowly drain to the surface. The black color is not caused by dirt. Rather, it is a
reaction of the skin's own pigment, melanin, reacting with the oxygen in the air.
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A blackhead tends to be a stable structure, and can often take a long time to
clear.
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 Papules: Papules are inflamed, red, tender bumps with no head. Do not
squeeze a papule. It will do no good, and may exacerbate scarring. The
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Regimen provides a step-by-step program on how to treat papules.
 Pustules: A pustule is similar to a whitehead, but is inflamed, and appears as a
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red circle with a white or yellow center. Pustules are your garden-variety zit.
Before you pop or squeeze such a lesion, be sure to read about how to pop a
pimple. The Regimen provides a step-by-step program on how to treat
pustules.
Nodules and cysts characterize severe acne vulgarism:
 Nodules: As opposed to the lesions mentioned above, nodular acne consists
of acne spots which are much larger, can be quite painful and can sometimes
last for months. Nodules are large, hard bumps under the skin's surface.
Scarring is common. Absolutely do not attempt to squeeze such a lesion. You
may cause severe trauma to the skin and the lesion may last for months longer
than it normally would. Dermatologists often have ways of lessening swelling
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and preventing scarring.
 Cysts: An acne cyst can appear similar to a nodule, but is pus-filled, and has
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been described as having a diameter of 5mm or more across. They can be
painful. Again, scarring is common with cystic acne. Squeezing an acne cyst
may cause a deeper infection and more painful inflammation, which will last
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much longer than if you, had left it alone. Dermatologists often have ways of
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lessening swelling and preventing scarring.
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B. Severe Acne:
Severe acne can affect many facets of a person’s life, causing a great deal of
embarrassment and stress. Severe acne may significantly limit one’s social life
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and even interfere with opportunities for employment. Since this condition can be
disfiguring and require years of treatment, it is important to see a specialist.
Dermatologists have the most experience treating the different types of severe
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acne. Four types of severe acne, described in detail below, are:
I. Acne Conglobata
Acne conglobata is a chronic and severe form of acne vulgaris, characterized
by:

Deep abscesses
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Inflammation
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Severe damage to the skin

Scarring

Blackheads
(open
comedones)
are
usually
conspicuous
and
widespread—often occurring on the face, neck, trunk, upper arms

In
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and/or buttocks
acne
conglobata,
inflammatory nodules form
around
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comedones, gradually increasing in size until they break down and
discharge pus. Deep ulcers may form under the nodules, leading to keloidtype scars, and crusts may form over deeply ulcerated nodules
Burrowing abscesses commonly result in deep, irregular scarring.

Acne conglobata may be preceded by acne cysts, papules or pustules
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that do not heal, but instead rapidly deteriorate. Occasionally, acne
conglobata flares up in acne that had been dormant for many years.
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Males are more likely than females to have acne conglobata; the age of
onset is usually between 18 and 30 years. The cause of the condition is
not well understood.
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II. Acne Fulminans
Acne fulminans is a sudden onset of highly destructive inflammation. It appears
Symptoms of severe and often ulcerating acne
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Fever
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Inflammation and aching of joints, especially hips and knees
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suddenly in a person with inflammatory acne and is characterized by:
A person who develops acne fulminans may have had unsuccessful treatment
for another form of severe acne, acne conglobata.
III. Nodulocystic Acne
Cysts are relatively uncommon in acne; however, cysts characterize this form
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of severe acne.
Cysts may develop singly or be widespread as these photos show
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Cysts may occur singly, or be widespread over the face, neck, scalp, back, chest
and shoulders. And, they can be painful.
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The nodular cyst of acne is not a true cyst—an abnormal dilatation of a normal
skin structure. Acne cysts are nodules of inflammation. The cysts may arise
from a papular or nodular acne lesion, or occasionally from a type of cyst that
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develops in the outer layer of the skin—a type of cyst not usually associated
with acne. A cyst may appear to be filled with thick, yellow pus-like fluid. This is
usually an inflamed and infected cyst. If an attempt is made to drain such a
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cyst, it should be done in a physician’s office under sterile conditions, not in
front of a bathroom mirror.
Cysts occurring close together may coalesce, producing soft areas
another form of severe acne, acne conglobata.
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IV. Gram-negative folliculitis
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undermined with tunnels, cell destruction and inflammation, resulting in
Gram-negative folliculitis is an inflammation of follicles caused by a bacterial
infection that can result from long-term antibiotic treatment. Patients who are
being treated with antibiotics for severe acne may develop Gram-negative
folliculitis.
The word “Gram” refers to a blue stain used in laboratories to detect
microscopic organisms. Certain bacteria do not stain blue and are called
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“Gram negative.”
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4. SYMPTOMES OF ACNE
Acne spots appear in areas of skin that have a large number of sebaceous
glands. They appear most often on the face, but can also form in other places
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such as the neck, shoulders, behind the ears, on the chest, on the buttocks and
on the upper back.
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Acne consists of several different types of 'spot', which can be roughly divided as
follows:

Blackheads - tiny dark coloured blocked pores. The black of the
blackheads is due to skin pigment, not dirt.

Whiteheads - small, firm bumps with a white centre.

Pustules - pus-filled spots with an obvious balloon of white pus, which may
turn yellow as the spot begins to heal.

Nodules - hard lumps under the skin that can be very painful, go deep into
the skin and often cause scars. These are the most common type of spot
found in very severe acne, and they often run together in groups. When
they heal, they may leave scar
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The first sign of acne is comedones. They appear most often on the face, chest,
back, and shoulders. Bacteria populations can grow quickly in comedones. If the
follicle wall ruptures, an inflammatory lesion develops. Redness, swelling, and
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pus-filled lesions accompany infection.
Inflammation that persists can result in the formation of a large, often-painful
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acne cyst or nodule (collection of inflammatory cells). When a cyst heals, it can
leave a pitted, discolored scar, known as a pockmark. Scars can be treated with
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dermabrasion, laser resurfacing, or collagen injection.
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5. CAUSES OF ACNE
Acne that begins at puberty is the result of increased sensitivity to the hormone
testosterone, which is present in both boys and girls. Testosterone causes
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excessive sebum to be secreted from the skin's sebaceous glands. Skin cells
rapidly divide and sometimes block the opening of hair follicles. The resulting
whiteheads.
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build up of sebum behind the blockage helps produce blackheads and
At puberty changes in skin acid levels also encourage the growth of bacterium,
which can become trapped in the hair follicles. This produces a deeper infection,
in the form of pustules and nodules.
Other causes:

Acne sometimes seems to run in families, so there may be a genetic
factor that makes certain people more likely to have it.

worse in times of stress, although it is not clear why. It may be because
stressed people touch their faces more, spreading the bacteria, or
because they are sweating more.

In girls, outbreaks may be affected by the hormonal changes that occur
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during the menstrual cycle.
Another cause may be excessive production of androgens (hormones like
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testosterone), resulting not from puberty but from conditions such as
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Certain drugs such as corticosteroids, anti-epileptic medicines like
and
oral
contraceptives
containing
levonorgestrel
or
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phenytoin,
norethisterone, may aggravate acne.

Anabolic steroids, sometimes used by body-builders, can cause acne as a
side effect.

Exposure to dangerous chemicals called dioxins can cause a rare form of
acne called chloracne.
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Eating greasy foods or chocolate does not cause acne. Having poor hygiene
is also not direct cause, although if you do not wash your face or remove
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make-up
Other causes of acne
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1) Role of Androgens
Androgens (male sex hormones) stimulate growth of sebaceous follicles and
enhance production of sebum. After puberty, boys produce 10 times as much
androgen as girls; therefore it is not surprising that more boys than girls
develop severe cases of acne. During the second decade of life, sebum
production closely parallels both androgen production and the presence of
acne. Although testosterone is the most potent androgen, its metabolites and
weaker androgens are increased in acne patients and may stimulate
sebaceous gland activity.
2) Sebum Production
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Sebum is produced in the sebaceous glands and consists of glycerides, wax
esters, squalene, and cholesterol. At times, a relationship between increased
sebum secretion and severity of acne is present. The glyceride component of
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sebum is converted to free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol by lipases, products
of P. acnes. FFA may irritate the follicular wall and cause increased cell
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turnover and inflammation.
3) Follicle Growth
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Abnormal alterations in the follicle wall and its cell growth (keratinization) have
also been associated with acne. The increased production of loosely adherent
keratin cells has been correlated with obstruction of the follicles seen in
comedo formation.
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4) Bacteria
P. acnes is part of the normal flora in the sebaceous follicle and plays an
important role in the initial development and maintenance of the inflammatory
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response present in acne.
Although P. acnes counts are typically higher in patients with acne, and
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antibiotic therapy reduces these count, the pathogenic role of P. acnes is not
that of simple infection. P. Acnes may be capable of causing increased
antibody formation, thereby leading to an inflammatory response.
Other Potential Causes
Hormonal changes related to pregnancy or starting/stopping birth control pills can
also cause acne. Stress, particularly severe or prolonged emotional tension, may
aggravate acne. Certain drugs, including androgens, lithium, and barbiturates are
known to cause acne. Greasy cosmetics may alter the cells of the follicles and
make them stick together. Friction caused by leaning on or rubbing the skin or
the pressure of bike helmets, backpacks, or tight collars can contribute to or
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worsen acne.
 Acne Myths
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In addition to the potential causes of acne, there are also many myths about what
causes acne. Chocolate and greasy foods are often blamed, but research has
shown that foods seem to have little effect on the development and course of
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acne in most people
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6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACNE
The causes of acne are multifactorial and not completely understood. Theories
on
the
causes
of
acne
include
the
role
of
androgens
(hormones),
Propionibacterium acnes, sebum production, and follicle growth.
Acne is generally limited to the parts of the body that have the largest and most
abundant sebaceous glands - the face, neck, chest, upper back, and upper arms.
These sebaceous glands normally produce sebum, a substance which
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moisturizes the skin. Acne lesions are typically centered about the pilosebaceous
follicles, which open onto the skin surface as the pores of the skin.
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Sebaceous glands develop at puberty in response to androgen stimulation and
are attached to the follicle canal by sebaceous ducts. Acne is believed to result
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from a change in the inner lining of the follicle that prevents sebum from passing
through. For reasons not completely understood, cells from the lining of the
follicle are shed too fast and clump together. The clumped cells plug up the
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follicle's opening so sebum cannot reach the surface of the skin. One of the jobs
of the sebum is to carry cells shed by the glands to the surface of the skin. But
because the excess sebum is blocking the openings of the glands, called ducts,
both cells and sebum accumulate. This mixture of oil and cells causes bacteria
that normally live on the skin, called Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), to grow
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in the plugged follicles. These bacteria produce chemicals and enzymes that
cause inflammation, which is a characteristic reaction of tissues to injury and is
marked
by
four
signs:
swelling,
redness,
heat,
and
pain.
When the plugged follicle can no longer hold its contents, it bursts and spills
or pimples develop as a result of the skin's being irritated.
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everything onto the nearby skin - sebum, shed skin cells, and bacteria. Lesions
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Individuals with acne may have a variety of lesions. The basic acne lesion, called
the comedo is simply an enlarged hair follicle plugged with oil and bacteria. This
lesion is often referred to as a microcomedo because it cannot be seen by the
naked eye.
If the plugged follicle, or comedo, stays beneath the skin, it is called a closed
comedo or whitehead. Whiteheads usually appear on the skin as small, whitish
bumps. A comedo that reaches the surface of the skin and opens up is called a
blackhead because it looks black on the skin's surface. This black discoloration is
not due to dirt but rather to the oxidation of melanin pigment. Both whiteheads
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and blackheads may stay in the skin for a long time.
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7. TREATMENT OF ACNE
The type of treatment depends on how severe the acne is, and whether it is
inflammatory (whether the spots are red swollen bumps).
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gels, creams or lotions that are applied directly to the skin (topical).
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Mild non-inflammatory acne (white heads and blackheads) may be treated with
PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION FOR TREATING ACNE
There are various medications for treatment
1. Topical Agents
How Should Mild Acne Be Treated?
Mild acne consists of open and closed comedones and some papules and
pustules.
 Retinoid and retinoid analogs.
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Topical retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A and considered a
cornerstone in acne treatment.
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Retinoides work to unclog pores and prevent whiteheads and blackheads
from forming. An added benefit in using topical retinoids is that they may
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help diminish the signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles.
(a)Tretinoin:.
It is the first retinoid developed for topical use and is a natural retinoid.
Tretinoin is a comedolytic agent that normalize desquamation of the
epithelial
lining,
thereby
preventing
obstruction
of
pilosebaceous
outlet. This agent has direct anti-inflamatory effects. In tretinoin
microsphere,
rationing is
encapsulated
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a
polymer
that slowly
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releases the active medication, resulting in less irritation. With all
retinoids, visible improvements occur after 8 to 12 weeks of treatment.
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Formulation(1) cream-0.025%
(3) cream-0.1%
(4)Gel-0.01%
(5) gel-0.025%
(6)Solution-0.05%
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(2) cream-0.05%
Tritinoin Micro sphere
7.Gel 0.04%
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8.Gel 0.1%
(b) Adapalene:-
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It is a synthetic retinoid applid as a cream or gel.
Adapalene unclogs pores and possesses moderate to potent anti-
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inflamatory abilities. Improovement is usually seen in8 to 12 weeks.
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Side effects:-Skin irritation and Dryness.
Formulation: -
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(1)
Gel 0.1%
(2)
Cream 0.1%
(3)
Pledget 0.1%
(4)
Solution 0.1%
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c.Tazarotene:-
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It is a synthetic retinoid available as cream or gel. It works to keep the skin’s
pores clear and has proven effective in acne.
Side effect: -Skin irritation
Note: - Pregnant women should not use this medication.
Formulations: (1)
Gel 0.05%
(2)
Gel 0.1%
(3)
Cream 0.05%
(4)
Cream 0.1%
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d. Benzoyl peroxide and its combinations:-
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Benzoyl peroxide is an inexpensive OTC product. It has a stronger effect on
papules than tretinoin, but a weaker effect on comedones. It helps to clear
up acne by reducing P.acnes and removing dead cells from skin to
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prevent comedones formation.
Side effect: - Excessive dryness of skin.
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Combination of topical antibiotics and benzoyl peroxide increase efficacy and
reduce antibiotic resistance in-patient’s with P.acnes colonization.
The gel containing 1% Clindamycin with 5% Benzoyl
peroxide and 3%
Erythromycin with 5% Benzoyl peroxide are available.
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Formulations:Gel: 2.5%, 5%, or 10%
(2)
Wash: 2.5%, 5%, or 10%
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(1)
e. Azelic acid:-
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Naturally occurring in the skin, it is used to treat mild to moderate
inflammatory and noninflamatory acne. Azelic acid clears acne by reducing
the populations of P.acnes, decreasing the abnormal shedding of skin cells
and reducing inflammation. It is well tolerated and safe.
Side effects:- Skin dryness and lightning of the skin.
f. Clindamycin:-
It is a semi synthetic antibiotic. It works by reducing P.acnes and decreasing
inflammation. In topical form, is safe and well tolerated.
Side effect:- Skin dryness and irritation.
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Formulation:-
(1) Gel 0.1%
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(2) Lotion 1%
(3) Solution 1%
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(4) Swab 1%
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g. Erythromycin:This topical antibiotic active against a broad spectum of bacteria, including
P.acnes. Topical erythromycin, which is ant microbial and anti-inflamatory,
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used primarily to treat acne. When topical erythromycin is combined with
benzoyl peroxide, the combination proves to be quite effective as the
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patient gets the effects of two antimicrobial agents.
Side effects:- Skin dryness and Irritation.
Formulation:(1) Gel 2%
(2) Solution 2%
h. Sodium sulfacetamide:-
A topical antibacterial that inhibits P.acnes and opens clogged pores,
sodium sulfacetamide
is effective
in treating inflammatory acne. Many
products containing sulfacetamide include sulfure.
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Formulation:-
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(1) Lotion 10%
2. Systemic Agents:-
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a. Isotretinoin:-
It is highly effective in the treatment of severe recalcitrant acne vulgaris. It
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causes normalization of epidermal differentiation, depress sebum excretion by
70%, is anti-inflamatory and even reduces the presence of P.acnes.
Note:- It is not used during pregnancy.
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Formulation:- (1)Capsules 20mg.
b. Oral antibiotics:-
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(a) Erythromycin
(b) Tetracyclin and derivatives
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Tetracyclin reduces the papules and pustules of acne. Higher doses may
prescribed for severe acne. These medication should not be given to
children younger than 8 years of age because they can affect growth and
stain teeth. They should not be taken by pregnant women. While taking
tetracycline exposure to sun light should be minimized. Doxycycline and
Minocycline is used to treat acne.
Formulation:-
(1) Capsule Tetracycline 250mg
(2) Capsule Minocycline 50mg
gn
u.
in
fli
(3) Capsule Doxycycline 50mg
19
SKPCPER
3. Over-thecounter products
a.Alcohol and acetone:-
in
These two are found together in some over-the counter medications that are
used to treat acne. Acetone works as a decreasing agent and alcohol has mild
bn
et
.a
c.
antimicrobial properties.
b.Benzoyl peroxide:-
Benzyl peroxide can be obtained in various concentrations. It comes in waterbased or alcohol-based gels. The water-based formulation is less drying than
alcohol-based formulations.
c.Resorcinol :-
It is a popular ingredient in over-the-counter acne medications, it controls
small acne lesions and is frequently combined with sulfure in over-thecounter products. Resorcinol and sulfure combinations are available as Cream,
present.
fli
Gel, Lotion or stick. In these preparations, 2% resorcinol with 8% sulfure is
in
d.Salicylic acid:-
It is effectiv in treating non inflammatory lesions. Salicylic acid does not have
any effect on sebum production or P.acnesacid must be used continuously. Once
u.
stopped, pores clog and acne return. It may be irritating to the skin
gn
e.Sulfur:-
It is used in combination with other agents, such as alcohol, salicylic
acid,
and
resorcinol and
is found
in many
over-the-counter acne
medications. While long used t treat acne, it is not known how sulfur works
to clear acne. Due to its unpleasant odor, not used alone.
20
SKPCPER
f.Peeling:Chemical peels use a mild acid to remove entire layer of skin,
in

taking pimple with skin and reducing the possibility of scarring.

Peelings are often recommended for the cosmetic treatment of

bn
et
.a
c.
comedones.
Like keratolytic drugs, they remove the superficial layer of
the stratum corneum.

Alpha-hydroxy acids are naturally occurring organic acids- for
example, glycolic acid, a natural constituent of sugar cane juice
and lactic acid, found in sour milk and tomato juice.

Glycolic acid is very effective in treating acne and its
gn
u.
in
fli
associated hyper-pigmentation.
21
SKPCPER
4.Natural and herbal remidies
A)Neem:-
in
Biological sourse:- Azadirachta indica
bn
et
.a
c.
Family:- Meliaceae
Chemical Constituents:-
Diterpenes, Triterpenes –Nimbidine,Azadirachtin,Nimbendiol
Nimatone,Quercetin,myrecetin,Kempferol
Uses of Neem:
As anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, analgesic and antiinflammatory.

Neem is effective against serious skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis,
acne, dermatitis, herpes, shingles and many more.

Neem has been shown to regulate the immune system, lower blood
fli
sugars, reduce fevers, fight gum disease, and act as a tonic for the
heart
Additionally, neem has been used historically to treat bacterial, fungal, and
in

viral infections, and to boost the immune system.
u.
Acne and Neem:
Neem kills the bacteria that cause acne and reduces the inflammation
gn
that makes it so noticeable. Neem-based creams have even improved the
appearance of people who have reddened skin from acne that ended years
before.
22
SKPCPER
Dandruff and Neem
neem is the herb of choice for controlling dandruff. Usually associated with
imbalance in hormones, infections, or diets rich in fats and sweets. Internally,
in
neem compounds counteract excessive sweets and seem to provide balance to
hormones. Taking neem leaf tea, or using neem leaf capsules after an especially
fatty or sugary meal will also help balance the body which can help prevent
bn
et
.a
c.
dandruff
Dry skin and Neem
For mildly dry skin apply a neem lotion as a moisturizer. For severe dry skin,
after washing, apply neem cream and repeat several times daily until the skin
has recovered its natural balance
Skin ulcers and Neem
Skin ulcers should be washed daily and covered with a neem lotion. For
individual ulcers, apply neem leaf extract or damp whole leaves to the skin ulcer
and cover with a gauze bandage overnight or until it is healed. Replace the
fli
bandage and extract daily.
in
Psoriasis and Neem
Neem oil is probably the best product currently available for treating psoriasis. It
moisturizes and protects the skin while it helps heal the lesions, scaling and
Topical applications of neem are usually oil or cream based, neem
u.
irritation.
helps to lubricate the skin. Neem's antibacterial and anti-viral compounds help
prevent infections. It also can be used for extended periods of time without side
gn
effects. Neem can also take the place of oral medications and injections that may
have strong side effects or cause liver damage or birth defects. It is perhaps the
best and safest alternative for treating psoriasis.
23
SKPCPER
Neem and Allergies
Neem inhibits allergic reactions when applied externally or consumed internally
(David, 1978). Neem compounds inhibit the stimulus produced by histamine and
in
may be helpful in skin rashes and bronchial allergy. Application of a neem-based
cream or lotion will stop the itching and inflammation of rashes and neem tea
bn
et
.a
c.
may be taken internally for allergies to pollen, molds, etc
Shingles and Neem
Believed to be caused by the same virus that causes Chickenpox, shingles
works on the nerve endings, creating a painful burning sensation. Neem's ability
to surround viruses and prevent them from entering and infecting cells makes
neem one of the only agents capable of relieving shingles
B) Aloeaera:-
fli
Biological source:- Alovera barbidensis
Family:- Liliaceae.
Constituents:-
Aloin,
Aloe-emodine-anthrone,
Aloe-
in
Chemical
emodine,Isobarbaloin,
u.
Aloe Vera is available in a wide range of products such as body and hand lotion,
pure aloe Vera juice, medicated jelly, medicated cream, moisturizer, heat rub,
gn
mini lift mask etc.
Aloe Vera Uses
There are large numbers of uses of aloe Vera and mostly they are utilized as a
medication and food preservative. The various aloe Vera uses included the
following:
24
SKPCPER

Aloe Vera is beneficial in the reducing of scalp care, stings, sunburns,
sore muscles, scrapes, scalds, psoriasis, acne, burns, arthritis, sprains,
bruises, cold sores and abrasions.
It is useful to treat various skin diseases.

Aloe Vera is utilized in lotions, capsule, gel, creams, spray, liquid etc.

It assists in healing blisters and offers relaxation from itching.

Aloe vera juices are taken to treat any digestive diseases, ulcers and
heartburn.

bn
et
.a
c.
in

It decreases the intensity of pigmentation and removes the dark spots
from the face.

Aloe Vera juice decreases the quantity of stomach juices and acts like an
anti-inflammatory.

It is very beneficial in the penetration of healthy matters.

Muscle pain and joints pain is caused because of arthritis and decreased
by using aloe Vera gels or sprays.

It is useful to remove dead cells and applied like a moisturizer.

It is useful to stimulate the creation of collagen and elastin that are
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essential to prevent the aging of the skin.

Aloe Vera extract is beneficial to reduce the levels of blood sugar.

It is beneficial in curing such as anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant
in
properties.

Aloe Vera gel offers benefit to decrease the levels of blood fat lipid,
u.
triglycerides and cholesterol.It breaks down the fat globules and is useful
to decrease obesity.
gn
Aloe vera juice for internal use
Irritable bowel syndrome
Arthritis, diverticulitis and Lupus Erythematosis (LE)
Heartburn – peptic ulcers and hiatus hernia
25
SKPCPER
Mild cases or oral thrush – candida (use natural unflavoured product)
ME (post-viral syndrome)
Sore throat
in
Mouth ulcers
Aloe vera gel for external use
bn
et
.a
c.
Burns, scalds, sunburn
Insect bites, plant and insect stings
Ulcers of the lower leg (or other skin area)
Scratches, scrapes and minor abrasions
Skin care (softening and moisturising agent in many cosmetic products)
Itchy rashes, including eczema and psoriasis
gn
u.
in
fli
Acne
26
SKPCPER
C) Lavander:Biological source:- Lavendula angustifolia.
in
Family:- Labiatae
Chemical constituents:- Essential oil, linalool, pinene, geraniol, and cineol.
many more!
Uses of lavender:
Lavender Essential oil is used for treating dry, sensitiv skin, acne and
eczema

bn
et
.a
c.
Properties:- Analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative. Plus
It inhibits acne causing bacteria,while soothing andhelping to balance
the over-secretion of sebum.

It is a natural antibiotic and antiseptic,which helps to reduce acne
scaring
Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it is used in reducing redness
fli

in
and soothing the skin.
Lavender is a recognized treatment for the following conditions and symptoms:
Restlessness
gn
u.


Insomnia

Abdominal complaints

Rheumatism

Loss of appetite

Lavender may also be used externally for a variety of treatments.
Aromatherapists use it as a tonic in inhalation therapy to treat nervous
disorders and exhaustion. Herbalists treat skin ailments, such as fungal
27
SKPCPER
infections, burns, wounds, eczema, and acne, with lavender. It is also
used externally in a healing bath for circulatory disorders and as a rub for
Contra-indications:-
in
rheumatic ailments.
(early) pregnancy.

Stress-related conditions, depression, insomnia.

Migraine, headache; shock, vertigo.

Muscular aches, rheumatism, sciatica.

Period pains, PMT.

Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, sinusitis, respiratory infections, flu, whooping
cough.
bn
et
.a
c.


Stomach cramps, colic, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea.

Hypertension.
Parts Used
The fresh or dried flowers of the lavender plant are used for medicinal purposes.
fli
Available Forms
Commercial preparations are made from dried flower, dried herb, and essential
in
oil. Lavender is available in the following forms:
Teas

Dried flower

Infusions

Tinctures

Lavender oil
gn
u.

28
SKPCPER
D) Tea tree oil:-
in
Biological source:-Melaleuca alternifolia
Family:Myrtaceae
bn
et
.a
c.
Othernames: Melaleuca oil
Chemical constituents:-Essential-oil
Tea tree oil is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of
Melaleuca alternifolia, a plant native to Australian.
The part used medicinally is the oil from the leaves.
Uses of Tea tree oil:-
Tea tree oil contains terpenoids, which have antiseptic and antifungal activity.
The compound terpinen-4-ol is the most abundant and is thought to be
responsible for most of tea tree oil's antimicrobial activity.
Acne

Athlete's foot

Dandruff

Vaginitis

Thrush

Periodontal disease

As an antiseptic
gn
u.
in
fli


Boils

Lice

Eczema

Psoriasis
Available forms:-creams, ointments, lotions,soap, shampoo
29
SKPCPER
E) Turmeric: Biological source:- Curcuma longa
Chemical constituents:- Volatile-oil, Resin, Curcumin,
bn
et
.a
c.
Camphene, Zinziberene.
in
Family:- Zinziberaceae
These natural plant's extracts used in cosmetic products marketed for skin care
and hair care.
Skin Care and Colouring
The skin is the main portion of the body and provides a shielding barrier against
harmful chemicals, microbes, and ultraviolet radiation. Natural plant products like
turmeric have been formulated to heal and prevent dry skin, treat skin conditions
such as eczema and acne, and retard the aging process.

. New born babies also rubbed with turmeric on their forehead for good

fli
luck.
Traditionally women rub turmeric on their cheeks to produce a natural
golden glow, extract of turmeric has been added to creams for use as a
in
colouring agent. A compound called curcumin is the yellow pigment in
turmeric.

Washing in turmeric improves skin complexion and also reduces hair
gn
u.
growth on body. Nowadays there are lots of herbal products in the market
in which main herb used is turmeric as natural ingredient. These constitute
home remedies for skin and hair problems.

Natural cleansers like milk with turmeric powder are effective natural
cosmetics in themselves; it brings a healthy glow to the skin and makes
them beautiful. They also help to restore or maintain youth by controlling
30
SKPCPER
wrinkle and crease formation on the surface of the skin. Turmeric can also
benefit skin conditions including: eczema, psoriasis and acne.

Effectual healing properties of turmeric have made it accepted after
can also be used as bio-pesticides and sunscreens.

in
ingredient in cosmetics and drugs, as the leaf oil of turmeric and extract
In addition to colour and flavour into many oriental cuisines, turmeric
bn
et
.a
c.
powder is valuable for its aromatic, stimulatory and carminative properties
as well as for curing many ailments both minor such as sore throat and
coryza as well as major afflictions. It is eminent for accelerated healing of
both septic and non-septic wounds.

Turmeric is also very effective tonic and a blood purifier. It is also skinfriendly and constitutes an important ingredient of many creams and
lotions.
Skin Disease
A fresh Juice from rhizome or (the aboveground and underground roots) a paste
prepared from turmeric or decoction is often used as a local application as well
fli
as internally in the treatment of leprosy skin diseaseIn case of smallpox and
chickenpox, turmeric is applied as a powder or as a paste to facilitate the process
in
of scabbing.
u.
a range of color from yellow to deep orange. Hair CareFor the treatment of
dandruff, and as hair colorants and dyes, plant extracts are used as hair growth
stimulators, the mechanism of action appears to be an acceleration of blood
gn
circulation nor increased nutrition to the hair follicles. Natural dyes derived from
plant extracts are being used in hair colorant products; curcumin from turmeric
also used in natural dye produce
31
SKPCPER
F) Tulsi
in
Biological source:- Ocimum sanctum
bn
et
.a
c.
Family:-Labiatae
Uses:-
 Decoction of tulsi leaves, honey and ginger is an effective remedy for
bronchitis,asthma,andinfluenza.
 Tulsi leaves, besides being added to tea for taste, can also help in preventing
feverishness. In acute fever, a decoction of tulsi leaves boiled with powdered
cardamom, sugar and milk can lower and control the temperature.
Basil is useful in reducing blood cholesterol as well as purification of blood.
 The leaves are good for nerves and to sharpen memory. Basil leaves are
regarded as an adaptogen, anti-stress agent.
 Chewing of basil leaves also cures ulcers and infections in mouth.
fli
 Juice of basil leaves and honey taken regularly for six months can be useful in
expelling renal stones.
 Tulsi is known for its antiseptic property to destroy bacteria and insects.
in
 A teaspoon of tulsi leaves juice can be taken at an interval of few hours in case
of insect bite. Also fresh juice must be applied to the affected parts.
u.
 Basil juice is an effective remedy for sore eyes and night blindness.
 Powder of dried tulsi leaves mixed with mustard oil can be used as toothpaste
for maintaining dental health, countering bad breath and for massaging-gums.
gn
 Pounded leaves mixed with sandalwood paste can be applied on forehead
toget relief from headache
 A few drops of juice can be put in the ear to treat earache and dullness of
hearing
32
SKPCPER
 The seeds of the plant are useful in treating diarrhea, chronic dysentery and
constipation.
 Tulsi is used in Serious ailments like inflammation, heart disease, various
forms of poisoning, malaria, diabetes, hepatitis and psychosomatic stress
in
 The juice of leaves, or a concoction, called Jushanda, is a kind of tea, giving
relief in common cold, fever, bronchitis, cough, digestive complaints, etc.
bn
et
.a
c.
 Marked by its strong aroma and astringent taste, Tulsi is also known as "the
elixir of life" as it promotes longevity. The plant's extracts can be used to
prevent and cure many illnesses and everyday ailments like common cold,
headaches, cough, flu, ear-ache, fever, colic pain, digestive disorders, etc.
Uses of Basil :-
The following remedies are from: “The Green Guide to Herb Gardening”
Indigestion – Use a regular infusion after a meal. This will aid digestion and
dispel gas. Add basil to your food.
Anxiety – Basil has a slight sedative property, and an infusion will counteract
nervous headaches and anxiety.
fli
Sores – A poultice of basil seeds placed on sores aids in healing. Basil has
antibacterial properties.
in
Lung Congestion with a Cold – A strong infusion of basil will help clearn the
lungs. When a cold has your really stuffed up, use for both your head and chest.
Menstrual cycle – A strong infusion of basil can be taken to bring on the
u.
menstrual cycle.(This is why pregnant women shouldn’t take basil)
Acne – Use oil of basil on acne after testing allergic reactions. If there is any
gn
reaction don’t use on your face.
33
SKPCPER
G) Sandalwood:-
in
Biological source:- Santalum album
bn
et
.a
c.
Family:-Santalaceae
Chemical constituents:- Santalol, Santalal, Santene, Santanone, Teresantole.
Sandalwood essential oil is often distracted from the wood of Sandalwood tree
using steam distillation and it is the heartwood of the roots that produces the
highest quality of oil all. Today sandalwood essential oils is considered in
aromatherapy to be considered effective in treating dry skin, general skin
irritation and acne.
It may also help in the treatment of bronchitis, catarrh, dry persistent coughs,
laryngitis as well as sore throats. It may also help in to relieve diarrhea, nausea
and some cases of cystitis.
fli
However, it is also great as a tonic for a hyper active mind and is considered to
be an anti-depressant as it can help to relieve hot, agitated emotional states and
in
relieving people from over thinking and worry.
gn
u.
Uses of sandal wood oil: Sandal wood oil is used for symptomatic treatment of dysurea.
 It is mainly used as a perfume in preparation of cosmetics
and incense stics.
 It is used to treat acne.
34
SKPCPER
H) Dandelion
in
Biological sourse:- Taraxacum Officinale
bn
et
.a
c.
Family:- Compositae
Chemical constituents:- Triterpenes, Vitamins A, B, C, and D, Sesquiterpene
lactones, coumarins, carotenoids, potassium, taraxacoside, phenolic acids,
calcium
Parts used:- Leaves
The leaves are edible and can be put in a salad to provide a diuretic effect. The
root can also be used to improve the health of the liver.
.Applications: Diuretic/Detoxifier
Dandelion leaf and root are primarily used as a diuretic and detoxification
strategy.
Diuretic: The dandelion leaf can treat water retention. This property also makes
it useful for lowering blood pressure. It can also reduce swelling and bloating
caused by edema.
fli
Detoxification: When the root of dandelion is taken, it can aid the liver and
kidneys in the removal of toxic substances from the body. This action makes it
in
useful for treating conditions that are caused by toxins such as acne, gout, and
psoriasis.
Gallbladder: Dandelion root can help to prevent gallstones. In someone who
u.
already has gallstones, dandelion root may help to dissolve them.
Dandelion Dosage: Dandelion can be eaten in a salad to help cleanse the body
gn
and provide a diuretic effect.
As a decoction of root, take 1/2 cup of Dandelion 3 times a day for acne.
As a juice, drink 20 ml 3 times of Dandelion daily for water retention.
35
SKPCPER
As an infusion of leaves, take 500 ml daily for water rentention.
I) Jatamansi:-
in
Botanical Name: Nardostachys Jatamansi
bn
et
.a
c.
Family:- Valarianaceae
Popular Name(s): Muskroot, Indian Spikenard, Jatamanshi, Jatamashi, Balchar
Chemical constituents:- Volatile oil, Sugar, jatamansic acid,jatamansone.
Parts Used: Rhizome, Rhizome oil
Uses:
 Jatamansi is used for treating insomnia, mental instability and
also as a memory enhancer.
 As an herbal CNS (Central Nervous System) drug, it is used for
epilepsy, hysteria, and convulsions. Due to its anti-arrhythmic
activity, the oil is said to promote hair growth and helps it
fli
maintain its color as well. It is believed that the active
constituent,
jatamansone,
can
reduce
hyperactivity,
gn
u.
in
restlessness, and aggressiveness in hyperactive children.
36
SKPCPER
J) Onion:-
in
Biological source:-Allium cepa
bn
et
.a
c.
Family:- Liliacea
Parts used:- Bulb, Fresh juice
Uses:-
 Reduce blood pressure and improve circulation.
 Onion is taken for colds, flu, and coughs.
 It can help ward off angina, arteriosclerosis, and heart attack.
 It also works well for preventing oral infection and tooth decay.
 Externally, warmed Onion juice in the ear can soothe earaches and a
baked Onion poultice works for draining pus from sores.
 Placing a poultice on the chest relieves congestion, abscesses, and boils.
 Some modern herbalists use Onion juice to remove warts and prevent
fli
acne, and an Onion syrup works well as an expectorant.
 Onion is also thought to be an aphrodisiac and a hair tonic for stimulating
growth.
in
 Sliced, raw Onions work well in soothing bee stings, insect bites, hives, or
nettle rash.
u.
 Steam inhalation with hot water and raw Onions relieves sinus congestion
gn
caused by colds.
37
SKPCPER
K) Evening Primrose Oil (abbreviated EPO)
in
Latin Name: Oenothera biennis
Other Names:
bn
et
.a
c.
Family: Onagracaeae
King's Cure-All
Uses:-
 Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis – EPO may help reduce or eliminate
requirement for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.
 Treatment of inflammatory skin diseases (e.g. eczema,psoriasis) – topical
use of EPO (i.e. application of contents of capsule to the skin) can relieve
itching and eliminate the need for use of anti-inflammatory steroidal
medications; safe for use in children and adults.
 Treatment and prevention of heart disease and stroke; helps to reduce
blood pressure – EPO has been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels
fli
by an average of 31.5% and it additionally helps to reduce platelet
aggregation (i.e. prevents blood clot formation)
 Treatment and prevention of PMS symptoms such as bloating, breast
in
tenderness, depression, irritability, headaches, etc.
 Improves skin condition – helps to produce and maintain healthy condition
gn
u.
of skin
 Helps to reverse neurologic damage of advanced diabetes and aids in the
normalization of certain lipid metabolic factors involved in the disease
process of diabetes
 Treatment of ulcerative colitis
 Treatment of symptoms of multiple sclerosis – EPO has been shown to
help treat the symptoms of MS; many trials are currently underway to help
quantify its usefulness for patients suffering from MS
38
SKPCPER
Biological source:- Juniperus communis
bn
et
.a
c.
Uses:-
in
L) Juniper: -
 It is used in stress anxiety, nervous tension.
 It is used in arthritis, cellutitis, gout, rheumatism
 It is used in acne, dermatitis, eczema.
 It is excellent for massaging weak muscels.
 It is used to control diabetes.
 It is used to treat dandruff or to promote hair growth.
For Acne and Oily Skin
Juniper’s antibacterial properties are helpful in treating acne, and its astringency
helps with oily skin conditions. Combine 10 drops essential oil of juniper with 1
ounce of jojoba oil and apply to face, then wash with cleanser and rinse with
fli
warm water.
in
To Treat Dandruff or to Promote Hair Growth
Use the same mixture as above--10 drops juniper oil to 1 ounce jojoba oil--and
apply to scalp to promote hair growth and to eradicate dandruff. Allow to remain
gn
u.
on scalp for 15 minutes to half an hour, then shampoo as usual.
39
SKPCPER
M) Wall nut:Biological source:- Juglus regia
Arthritis
o
catarrhal enteritis
o
Glandular swelling
o
Gout
o
Gum diseases
o
Promotes good appetite
bn
et
.a
c.
o
in
Internal uses for English Walnut
External use English Walnut
o
Acne
o
Dandruff
o
Eczema
o
Sores and irritated skin
fli
N) Patchouli
in
Biological source:- Pogostemon cablin
Family:- Labiatae
gn
u.
Uses:-
 The oil is widely employed as a fragrance and, in India, as an insect
repellent.
 Patchouli is used in herbal medicine in Asia as an aphrodisiac,
antidepressant and antiseptic.
 It is also employed for headaches and fever.
 Patchouli essential oil is used in aromatherapy to treat skin complaints
40
SKPCPER
 . It is thought to have a regenerative effect on skin tone and to help clear
conditions such as eczema and acne.
 The oil may also be used for varicose veins and hemorrhoids.
in
Properties:-
bn
et
.a
c.
Antiseptic, aromatic, antidepressant.
o Nutrition and Dietary Supplement
Diet
Some people with acne report that certain drinks and foods (particularly nuts)
worsen their symptoms. Studies have yet to confirm a scientific link between diet
and acne, but people with this skin condition should avoid substances that
appear to aggravate their symptoms.
Zinc
fli
Mineral zinc may be an effective treatment for inflammatory acne. In two studies
of about 60 people with inflammatory acne, those who took zinc gluconate daily
for roughly two months had a significant reduction in the number and severity of
in
inflammatory lesions compared to those who took placebo for the same period of
time.
u.
L-carnitine
Side effects from isotretinoin got better when taking L-carnitine compared to
gn
those who took a placebo.
Herbs
41
SKPCPER
The following herbs have anti-inflammatory properties that may be helpful in the
Calendula (Calendula officinalis)

German chamomile (Matricaria recutita)

Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)

Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra)

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and flaxseed oil
bn
et
.a
c.

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treatment of skin conditions including acne:
o Food and Nutrition Recommendations for Acne:
Eat foods high in beta carotene, such as carrots, pumpkin, cantaloupe and other
yellow-orange fruits and vegetables.
o Vitamin Therapy for Acne:

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Nutritionists generally suggest:
30 – 50 mg Zinc supplement daily - Zinc may help contribute to reducing
the inflammation and heals the damaged skin.
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
Chromium supplements - Chromium helps boosts the body's ability to
break down glucose.
Vitamin A - reduces sebum and keratin production. (Caution: taking
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
mega doses of Vitamin A can cause headaches, fatigue, muscle and
joint pain and other side effects. Consult a qualified practitioner before
taking mega supplements)

Vitamin E - an antioxidant (200 to 400 IU a day)

Vitamin B-6 50 mg per day. This vitamin aids in the metabolism of
hormones
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Aloe Vera Gel
Isotritinoin Capsules
Vicco Turmeric Cream
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Acnelyse Cream
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Herbal Market Preparation Used In Acne: -
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Ayurvedic Fair & Lovely Cream
Mysore Sandal Soap
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5. Ayurveda: -
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According to Ayurveda: The benefits of these herbs have historically been used
to improve the skin texture & color and also in various skin disorders. They have
anti allergic properties and improve blood circulation. They purify the blood due
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to their bitter taste and are used in problems caused by vitiated blood. They are
known to be beneficial in skin problems associated with itching and burning
sensations. They have Rasayana (Rejuvenating) properties and are used in
various disorders of Vata (air) & Rakta (blood). They help in maintaining
homeostasis, decrease the inflammation and by their mild laxative action, clear
bowel and detoxify the intestines so that pure nutrition is available to the body.
Due to Vata (air): Pimples are dry, rough, and painful, with or without discharge.
Due to Pitta (fire): Pimples are soft, inflamed and contain thin discharge like pus
with burning sensation.
Due to Kapha (water): Pimples are hard, containing thick discharge, edematous
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and painless.
Description: Acne Care is a natural herbal product, which helps to eliminate
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basic cause of acne, purify the blood and nullify the effects of vitiated Doshas
(humors).
Composition: High Quality extracts of Wild crafted herbs from their natural
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habitat without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides or preservatives.
Manjistha" 'Root' (Rubia cordifolia), "Turmeric" (rhizome), "Guduchi (stems),
Haritaki
'Fruit'(Terminalia
chebula),"Bitter
Melon"
(Karela)
'fruit',
'seeds'
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(Momrdica Charantia), "Chandan" (Sadalwood), "Neem" 'Leaf' (Azadirachta
Indica).
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Whats are the factors ?
Adhyashana: Eating food when previous meal is not digested.

Virudhashana: Eating incompatible food such as fruit salad, fish with milk
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
etc.
Vishamashana: Eating when you are not hungry or fasting when you are
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
hungry. Eating food in larger or lesser quantity, than required, is also
termed as vishamashana.

Regular consumption of hot (unsnap), pungent (katu), penetrating (teekta),
salty food such as pickles, papads, spicy food, fried and oily food, junk
food, preserved food, fast food etc., weakens the digestive power
(jatharagni) and also vitiates dosha, rakta and medadhatu. This also leads
to constipation and irregular bowel habits.

'Kama' (excessive thinking about sex) may increase the secretion of
hormones from adrenaline, and this increased hormone vitiate and
aggravates meda dhatu (increased sebum secretion) and give rise to
acne.
Other psychological factors such as grief, anger or psychic trauma
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
(especially in girls) may lead to imbalance in dosha and flare up condition
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of 'mukha dushika'.

Acne conglobate is a severe variant of acne and is with many abscesses
and cysts. They are often connected with intercommunicating sinuses.
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Excoriated acne is seen in early teenage girls and manifest as discrete
denuded areas caused by pricking.

Infantile Acne - This is a rare type. Stimulation of infant's adrenal gland
through the placenta in some instances may give rise to infantile acne.

Some drugs such as corticosteroides, oral contraceptives, androgen
steroids, anticonvulsant may induce acne.
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Herbal Medicines
1. The paste made of Jeera (cumin seeds) applied over the pimples gives
paste. After one hour, the application can be removed.
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relief. For a single application, 5gm of Jeera is sufficient to prepare the
2. The paste of 5gm each of red sandalwood (Rakta Chandan) and turmeric
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made with milk is a very efficacious local application.
3. Cumin seeds popularly known as ajwain are also useful in this condition.
Prepare the paste of 5gm ajwain, duly adding required quantity of water
and apply on the face.
4. Kumari pulp (known as Aloe vera) should be taken internally. Extracted
juice of Aloe vera (half a cup) should be taken internally twice a day.
5. Fresh juice of tender tulsi leaves (Ocimum basilicum) is to be applied
externally daily.
6. The paste of jatiphal (nutmeg) made with water is also very useful.
Ayurvedic Remedies
1. Kumkumadi Lepam, an ointment for application over the face, after duly
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washing the face can be used daily until pimples disappear.
2. Some herbal blood purifying drugs may also be taken for better results.
Saribadyasava 15 to 30ml taken after meals with equal quantity of water,
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twice a day helps in the cure of acne vulgaris.
3. RS Forte syrup (DAP) is a good oral liquid for this condition. 20ml of syrup
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well mixed with 20ml of cold water should be taken orally twice a day for
40 days for good results.
4. Skinelle tablets (Charak Pharma) taken orally along with Skinelle ointment
applied externally produce very good results in just two weeks.
5. Acnenil capsules (Uttam Pharma) in the dose of one capsule thrice daily
after meals for a fortnight is a useful remedy for acne.
6. Jeevan Amrit (Neem oil) capsules taken once daily on an empty stomach
help in curing acne and blackheads.
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7. Rasana Forte capsules (Shilpa Chem), an extract of garlic should be
taken orally twice daily for 20 to 30 days.
8. Trifala churna taken 5 to 10 gm daily helps in purifying the blood thus
helping in the cure of acne.
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9. Clean-N-Clear syrup (Dabur) should be taken 1 teaspoonful thrice daily
after meals for a month.
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Chitrak:-
Biological source:- Plumbago zeylanica
Family:Uses:-
 Chitrak increases the digestive powers, promoting appetite, and used to
treat a variety of disorders of the alimentary tract, such as dyspepsia,
diarrhea, and piles
 It is an antiseptic, and is also useful in the management of skin disorders,
rheumatism, and mental disorders. The paste is applied externally to the
skin, where it acts as an irritant and opens abscesses.
 It decreases blood pressure slightly, and is used only with great caution
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internally, because it can cause abortion, and large doses can cause
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respiratory failure. It is an ingredient in Yograj Guggulu.
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6. Homeopathy: Homeopathy offers a few solutions for acne and pimples. Homeopathic acne gel
is the most commonly used among these. The gel is applied onto the acne-
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affected area and kept on for a period of time. Another these tablets counter r
type of homeopathy acne medicine is a chewable tablet. These tablets counter
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act oil secreting glands and help reduce pimples and acne that result from oily
skin. Homeopathy also offers a lot of creams and ointments that attack acne.
Contrary to conventional creams, they do not cause problems to those who have
sensitive skins.
 Belladonna— for people who experience flushes of heat to the face or
who have inflamed pustular acne that improves with cold applications
 Calendula— for skin conditions involving pustules or blisters
 Hepar sulphur— for painful, pus-filled acne
 Kali bromatum— for deep acne, especially on the forehead, in persons
who are chilled and nervous
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 Silicea— for pustules or pit-forming acne
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8. Screening of anti acne drugs: In-Vivo Method:-
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The common method is rabbit ear assay as experimental model.
Isopropyl myristate is used as acne inducing agent while propylene glycol as
control.
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The ear follicles of rabbits resemble sebaceous glands in humans. Comedones
can be induced on any portion of ventral surface of rabbit ear.
In-Vitro Method: -
Ithe antiacne compound or drug is screened by checking the antimicrobial activity
against acne causing bactaria P.acnes(gm+ve,anerobic) & S.epidermidis (gm-
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veaerobic) by any method give in IP.
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9. Conclusion:-
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Acne affects skin’s Oil glands and almost people between ages 11-30.
There are various types of acne which are described in this project and various
types of treatments are also available.
Topical agents are widely used for acne now-a-days.
But natural remedies have no side effects & there are many market formulations
are available.
Aloe, Turmeric, Neem, Sandalwood oil are the most popular & effective drugs.
Herbal drugs are the best treatment of acne & have no side- effects.
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This project may help others for screening of drugs which are used in acne.
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10. References: www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk
2.
Holisticonline.com
3.
Acne.org
4.
MeRec Bulletin Volume 10 1999
5.
www.e2121.com
6.
Casanno N, Amoruso A, Vena GA. J Cosm Dermatol 2002
7.
Bhargava S. Monthly Floriculture Today 2002
8.
FRLHT’s Amruth 2002
9.
Sengupta D, Yadav N. Floriculture Today 2005
10.
Arens-Corell M. Skin Care Forum 2005
11.
Mehling A. Skin Care Forum 2005
12.
www.aad.com
13.
www.aboutacne.com
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1.
www.dermanet.com
15.
www.acnehelper.com
u.
14.
www.acneresearchlab.com
17.
www.acne-net.com
18.
www.aafp.com
19.
www.facefacts.com
20.
www.alternativemedicine.com
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16.
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Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate
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21.
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67-Priyanka Shah

Transcription

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