The Obesity Epidemic:
Transcription
The Obesity Epidemic:
THE HEALTHY BOISE INITIATIVES 2.0 April 2, 2015, Boise City Council Strategic Planning Session In an effort to reduce childhood obesity and create a more healthy community, Council Member TJ Thomson is proposing the Healthy Boise Initiatives, which includes implementation of all of the following components: 1. Healthy Kid Zones around Boise schools: No fast food, mobile vendors, or billboard/park bench marketing within 1,000 foot radius. 2. Healthy food and beverage options in City contracts for concessions, vending and Cityinitiated events 3. Mobile Farmers Market SNAP Benefits Match (1-year pilot) 4. Health and the Built Environment: Rapid HIAs and updates to Blueprint Boise The Obesity Epidemic: Childhood Obesity, not smoking, is the #1 preventable cause of death in the United States. The 2013 Idaho Youth Risk Behavior Survey notes that the percent of students who were obese continues to increase significantly over time. Among Idaho students, over 25% are considered to be overweight or obese. For students to meet current nutritional recommendations, they would need to substantially lower their intake of added fats, refined grains, and added sugars and sweeteners and increase their consumption of fruits, vegetables. The 2012 Idaho Department of Health & Welfare Behavioral Risk Factors results notes that 62.5% of adults are overweight or obese n Idaho. 1. Healthy Kid Zones Limit unhealthy foods within 1,000 foot zones of an open campus: Discussion: One factor contributing to the increase in obesity is the easy access children and youth have to low-nutrient, high-calorie foods. Because children consume a significant portion of their daily calories during and soon after the school day, many communities are restricting students’ access to low-nutrient foods near school campuses. Efforts to improve the nutritional quality of foods provided to children at school are undermined when students leave campus to buy fast food nearby, or when they buy fast food on their way to or from school. A recent study found that students with fast food restaurants near their schools (1) consumed fewer servings of fruits and vegetables, (2) consumed more servings of soda, and (3) were more likely to be overweight or obese than were youth whose school were not near fast food restaurants. The Pacific Institute found that "On average, a person will walk 1,000 feet in less than five minutes. This distance was chosen as an estimate of the short distance that students at a school, users of a park, and customers of liquor stores would easily travel." Establishing “Healthy Kid Zones” emphasizes the value we place as a city on the health of our children. Proposed Fast Food Code Change: 11-06-05 COMMERCIAL USE STANDARDS 5. Fast Food Restaurants (new section) A. Location Relative to Schools (1) No fast food restaurant may be located within 1,000 feet of the nearest property line of any public, charter, or private high school. 11-12-02 DEFINITIONS 3. Commercial Uses D. Food and Beverage Services (new definition) (4) Fast Food Restaurant A restaurant where food and beverages are: (1) prepared in advance of customer orders or are able to be quickly prepared for consumption on or off the premises; (2) ordered and served over counters or at drive-through windows; and (3) paid for before being consumed. Proposed Street Vending Code Change: Section 5-12-10 GENERAL RESTRICTIONS Vendors, solicitors, and temporary merchants are subject to the following restrictions: K. Mobile vending carts, trailers and vehicles, shall not be placed within 1,000 feet of any public or private kindergarten, elementary, middle, junior high or high school. (Allow for a special event exception, if requested by the school) (6515, Amended, 11/14/2006; 6159, Amended, 07/09/2002) Section 5-12-12 STREET VENDING RESTRICTIONS In addition to the restrictions and qualifications contained in this chapter, street vendors are additionally subject to the following restrictions: D. Vendor trailers and vehicles shall not park within 1,000 feet of any public or private kindergarten, elementary, middle, junior high or high school while actively engaged in vending operations. (Allow for a special event exception, if requested by the school) Remove marketing to kids within 1,000 foot zones of all schools: Discussion: Kids are inundated with ads on a daily basis. Studies show that through the age of 12, kids don’t understand that they are being influenced by the ads they see. School zones should be free of marketing to create an environment more conducive to learning. A recent study looked at the number of tobacco retailers impacted by advertising restrictions and found that in order to be effective in curbing advertisements, restrictions would need to be a least 1,000 feet. School zones should also be safe areas, where drivers are free of additional distractions that remove their eyes from the road. A. Bus bench advertising City Code 11-10-14.3.J prohibits advertising on bus benches, except when authorized by Valley Regional Transit (VRT). VRT has an exclusive contract with a vendor to establish bus benches at designated stops and to sell advertising thereon. Boise will modify this code to place all displays within 1,000 feet of a school under the prevue of the City of Boise. These benches can be used for Parks promotion (Let’s Move!, other children/family related activities, etc.), or replaced with non-advertising benches. There are 22 benches (out of 197 total, or around 11%) within 1,000 feet of a school in Boise. B. Billboard Policy Change Billboards are more apt to distract a driver, taking their eyes off the road, which creates a less safe environment in high child-traffic areas. POSTER PANEL AND BULLETIN PANEL OFF-PREMISE SIGNS (BILLBOARDS) B. Design and Location New signs must comply with the following: (11) New billboards may not be located within 1,000 feet of the property boundary of any public or private kindergarten, elementary, middle, junior high or high school. 2. City Wide Healthy Food & Beverage Policy Healthy food and beverage options in City contracts for concessions, vending and City-initiated events Discussion: Many city, state and federal entities are beginning to create healthy food environments in line with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans by introducing policies and practices to assist employees and residents in making informed, healthy food and beverage choices whether they are working or playing on government property. Let’s Move Boise has prioritized healthy foods and beverages on municipal properties as one of their primary goals to support a livable Boise. By adopting nutritional standards for food and beverages provided through concessions, vending and City-initiated events, Boise City can make an impact on community health and potentially even influence the types of foods and beverages available more broadly to the community by creating greater demand for healthier products. Concessions A minimum percentage of all food and beverage items sold by contracted vendors through City concessions must meet established nutritional standards (e.g. limitations on calories, fat, sugar and salt content). o Begin with a 10% requirement with an incremental increase of 10% per year up to 30% in the third year of implementation. o Applies to concessions, mobile food vendors, snack shacks, restaurants or cafes on municipally owned/operated properties. Nutritional standards would be a requirement within the language of all vendor contracts upon implementation. Vending Machines The same nutritional standards would be required of vendors supplying food and beverage vending on City-owned facilities. o Applies to vending machines and vending kiosks in municipally owned/operated facilities, with the possible exception of employee owned/operated machines. “Skins” on beverage machines should reflect products that meet the nutritional standards. Recommend that foods and beverages meeting standards be placed at eye level. A health warning should be placed on beverage machines stating: CITY OF BOISE HEALTH WARNING: Drinking beverages with added sugar(s) contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay. Events Vendors supplying food at City-initiated events must also meet the nutritional standards (e.g. Fourth of July Celebration, Movies Under the Stars, etc.) 3. Mobile Farmers Market SNAP benefits match Discussion: Mobile Farmers Markets give individuals convenient access to fresh, local fruits and vegetables. To support healthy families and encourage improved nutrition in low-income households, cities are providing a financial match on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) purchases. SNAP offers nutrition assistance to millions of eligible, low-income individuals and families and provides economic benefits to communities. The Boise Farmers Market goes mobile this summer at six locations, selected by our Parks & Recreation Department and assisted with Boise Parks’ Mobile Rec vans, taking local fruits and vegetables into low-income neighborhoods. As a Rec Van parks at one of its established sites and starts engaging neighborhood children, the Mobile Market parks nearby and sets up a produce stand with fresh local fruits and vegetables grown by Boise Farmers Market vendors. Examples of cities providing SNAP match on market purchases include: Lawrence (Kansas); Salt Lake City; Seattle; New York City; Los Angeles; Chicago; and Boston. After one year of providing a SNAP match in Lawrence, Kansas, they performed an evaluation, noting the following: 80% of Market Match participants strongly agreed that Market Match influenced their decision to shop at the farmers’ market 62% of Market Match participants strongly agreed that their fruit and vegetable consumption increased because of Market Match Participants spent an average of 54% of their SNAP benefits at the farmers’ market 83% of vendors surveyed strongly agreed or agreed that there was an increase of SNAP customers visiting their stand compared to previous years To assist in the success of the Mobile Market program in its infant stage, I would request we dedicate $1520,000 to go towards a match on SNAP purchases in 2015. The Mobile Market is only offering produce; therefore, the match will only be for the purchase of local fruits and vegetables. Anyone will be welcome to shop at the mobile market. They will accept cash and credit cards, but the SNAP match is only for SNAP purchases. Total cost to City of Boise: $15-20,000 (City Council Strategic Initiatives Fund) City match: 1:1 on first $10 of purchase (The national average for SNAP purchases at farmers markets is about $18) Example: If someone swiped their EBT card for $20 worth of SNAP benefits, they would get $20 EBT tokens and $10 SNAP match tokens. They would have $30 to spend at the market. Time frame: 2015 pilot only. Assess success late-year 2015 for consideration of continuing a minimal SNAP match going forward. Legal review: Legal and Parks can verify authority and best approach for implementation. 4. Health and the Built Environment Background: It is well known that the built environment can significantly impact the health of a community. Some examples include; connectivity of the road and pathway network, the location and design of transportation facilities, the number of destinations within walking and biking distance, impacts on outdoor air quality, effects of building design on indoor air quality, and integration of qualities that impact the seven dimensions of well-beingi. The City of Boise takes health very seriously, as noted in several sections of the Boise Comprehensive Plan and by a continued focus on parks, green space, and transportation alternatives. Blueprint Boise and the other ancillary documents such as the Parks Department Comprehensive Plan that support these efforts reference health impacts, but much has been discovered in the last five years since these documents were completed. City processes have begun to recognize health impacts indirectly through our LIV and other initiatives. Examples include increasing access to higher quality transit services, increasing access to higher quality walking and biking facilities, increasing access to open space, enhancing our parks system, encouraging development and redevelopment of walkable centers in our neighborhoods, supporting after school activities for kids and opportunities for seniors to be more active, building and energy code amendments, and many more. Discussion: How can we improve the City of Boise’s focus on health as it relates to the built environment? As a starting point, Council Members TJ Thomson & Elaine Clegg suggest we explore the following: Get our own house in order – o Review the sections of Blueprint Boise and ancillary documents that contain or should contain health policies and incorporate best practices, some of which have been developed or enhanced since the documents were completed. o Demonstrate our commitment to understanding health impacts by conducting a rapid health impact assessment on upcoming CIP projects such as the fire stations and Bown Library. Utilize the assessment to train staff to develop criteria for projects that should be subject to health impact-assessments and to conduct future assessments, to sustain our commitment. Funding for these initial assessments would come from the City Council Strategic Initiative Fund. Work with the community to establish health impact in community processes – o Work with other agencies, especially COMPASS and ACHD, to determine areas such as COMPASS performance monitoring and ACHD's performance measurements to ensure that the City of Boise's commitment is reflected in these processes. o Create a basic checklist that is reviewed on each development or re-zone request, to assure the health impacts are considered. This may also provide an opportunity to review impacts on other aspects of sustainability that are reflected in our LIV Initiative. This checklist would become an aspect of our development review and other processes. Consider this as a starting point for discussion. This is groundbreaking in some ways, though other communities have developed health impact assessment processes; few have embedded them into their everyday business practices. i https://wellness.ucr.edu/seven_dimensions.html
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