7.6 RATE OF RETURN OF A BOND INVESTMENT
Transcription
7.6 RATE OF RETURN OF A BOND INVESTMENT
SECTION 7.6 7.6 1 Rate of Return of a Bond Investment RATE OF RETURN OF A BOND INVESTMENT In Chapter 5 we learned the terminology of bonds and how to calculate the PW of a bond investment. The cash flow series for a bond investment is conventional and has one unique i*, which is best determined by solving a PW-based rate of return equation in the form of Equation [7.1]. Examples 7.8 and 7.9 illustrate the procedure. EXAMPLE Sec. 5.8 Bonds 7.8 Allied Materials needs $3 million in debt capital for expanded composites manufacturing. It is offering small-denomination bonds at a discount price of $800 for a 4% $1000 bond that matures in 20 years with interest payable semiannually. What nominal and effective interest rates per year, compounded semiannually, will Allied Materials pay an investor? Solution The income that a purchaser will receive from the bond purchase is the bond interest I $20 every 6 months plus the face value in 20 years. The PW-based equation for calculating the rate of return 0 800 20(P兾A,i*,40) 1000(P兾F,i*,40) Solve by computer (IRR function) or by hand to obtain i* 2.87% semiannually. The nominal interest rate per year is computed by multiplying i* by 2. Nominal i 2.87%(2) 5.74% per year, compounded semiannually Sec. Sec. 4.3 4.3 Using Equation [4.5], the effective annual rate is ia (1.0287) 2 1 5.82% EXAMPLE Effective Effective ii 7.9 Gerry bought a bond from a corporation that had defaulted on its interest payments. He paid $4240 for an 8% $10,000 bond with interest payable quarterly. The bond paid no interest for the first 3 years after Gerry bought it. If interest was paid for the next 7 years, and then Gerry was able to resell the bond for $11,000, what rate of return did he make on the investment? Assume the bond is scheduled to mature 18 years after he bought it. Perform hand and computer analysis. Solution by Hand The bond interest received in years 4 through 10 was I (10, 000)(0.08) $200 per quarter 4 The effective rate of return per quarter can be determined by solving the PW equation developed on a per quarter basis, since this basis makes PP CP. 0 4240 200(P兾A,i* per quarter,28)(P兾F,i* per quarter,12) 11,000(P兾F,i* per quarter,40) The equation is correct for i* 4.1% per quarter, which is a nominal 16.4% per year, compounded quarterly. Secs. 4.5 & 4.7 PP = CP 2 CHAPTER 7 E-SOLVE Rate of Return Analysis: Single Alternative Solution by Computer The solution is shown in Figure 7–11. The spreadsheet is set up to directly calculate an annual interest rate of 16.41% in cell E1. The quarterly bond interest receipts of $200 are converted to equivalent annual receipts of $724.24 using the PV function in cell E6. A quarterly rate could be determined initially on the spreadsheet, but this approach would require four times as many entries of $200 each, compared to the six times $724.24 is entered here. (A circular reference may be indicated by Excel between cells E1, E6, and B6. However, clicking on OK will override and the solution i* 16.41% is displayed. A circular reference is avoided if all 40 quarters of $0 and $200 are entered in column B with necessary changes in the column E relations to find the quarterly rate.) Rate of return i* IRR(B2:B12) Bond face value Bond interest rate E3*E4/4 E$6 11000E$6 Figure 7–11 Spreadsheet solution of i* for a bond investment, Example 7.9. PV(E1/4,4,E5) PROBLEMS 3 PROBLEMS Bonds 7.35 A $10,000 mortgage bond with a bond in- terest rate of 8% per year, payable quarterly, was purchased for $9200. The bond was kept until it was due, a total of 7 years. What rate of return was made by the purchaser per 3 months and per year (nominal)? 7.36 A collateral bond with a face value of $5000 was purchased by an investor for $4100. The bond was due in 11 years, and it had a bond interest rate of 4% per year, payable semiannually. If the investor kept the bond to maturity, what rate of return per semiannual period did she make? 7.37 An engineer planning for his child’s college education purchased a zero coupon corporate bond (i.e., a bond that has no interest payments) for $9250. The bond has a face value of $50,000 and is due in 18 years. If the bond is held to maturity, what rate of return will the engineer make on the investment? 7.38 Four years ago, Rogers Communications Inc. issued $5 million worth of debenture bonds having a bond interest rate of 10% per year, payable semiannually. Market interest rates dropped, and the company called the bonds (i.e., paid them off in advance) at a 10% premium on the face value (i.e., paid $5.5 million to retire the bonds). What semiannual rate of return did an investor make if he purchased one $5000 bond at face value 4 years ago and held it until it was called 4 years later? 7.39 Five years ago, GSI, an oil services company, issued $10 million worth of 12%, 30-year bonds with interest payable quarterly. The interest rate in the marketplace decreased enough that the company is considering calling the bonds. If the company buys the bonds back now for $11 million, (a) what rate of return per quarter will the company make on the $11 million expenditure and (b) what nominal rate of return per year will it make on the $11 million investment? Hint: By spending $11 million now, the company will not have to make the quarterly bond interest payments or pay the face value of the bonds when they come due 25 years from now.