Some Dam - National Performance of Dams Program

5/15/2015
Some Dam – Hydro News
TM
And Other Stuff
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Quote of Note: “A fine quotation is a diamond on the finger of a man of wit, and a pebble in the hand
of a fool”. --JOSEPH ROUX
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Click on Link (Some Dam - Hydro News) Bottom Right - Under Perspectives
“Good wine is a necessity of life.” - -Thomas Jefferson
Ron’s wine pick of the week: 2010 Masi Italy (Other Regional Reds) "Campofiorin"
“No nation was ever drunk when wine was cheap.” - - Thomas Jefferson
Dams:
(Looks like a hardy bunch! Wonder who these top power brokers are!)
News: Federal Utility Partnership Working Group tours Old Hickory
hydropower
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nashville District, Story by Mark Rankin, dvidshub.net
HENDERSONVILLE, Tenn. – Some of the country’s most powerful people visited Old Hickory
Power Plant today as participants in a Federal Utility Partnership Working Group tour. The U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers Nashville District hosted 22 members of the group, which requested to
visit a hydropower facility during meetings held in Nashville organized by the Tennessee Valley
Authority. Jamie James, program manager, Hydropower Rehabilitation Program manager and
Ryan Frye, Hydropower maintenance engineer, provided the group with information and
answered questions about the district’s hydropower mission and 20-year, $1.2 billion program to
rehabilitate 28 hydropower units during a 15-minute bus ride to the dam. The participants learned
that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nashville District produces about $40 million annual
revenue by converting water’s energy into 3.4 billion kilowatt hours of electricity in 28 generators
at its nine Hydropower Plants in the Cumberland River Basin. In addition, they found out that the
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Copy obtained from the National Performance of Dams Program: http://npdp.stanford.edu
district’s hydropower plants have exceeded their typical design life of 35-40 years, having been in
service on average more than 50 years, and the risk of component failure increases with time.
James shared that in 2011 the district
joined forces with the Department of
Energy, Southeastern Power
Administration and their preference
customers in signing a memorandum of
agreement that funds rehabilitation, nonroutine maintenance and modernization
of the district’s hydropower units.
The group listened and asked good
questions, said James. “It is good to see
their concern for the dam’s operation,
equipment improvements and how we
maintain it,” he added. Steven Crawford
A group of the country’s top power brokers, attending their 2015
and Nicholas Pilcher, hydropower
spring conference for the Federal Utility Partnership Working
Group, toured the Old Hickory power plant, Lock and Dam
trainees at the Old Hickory Power Plant,
today.
then provided the group with a safety
briefing and introduction of maintenance
tools and gear used at the power plant. Crawford also described the day-to-day power plant
operations and the function of four large General Electric generators used for hydro generation.
Crawford and Pilcher split the group in half and led them into the power plant. They explained the
generator’s functions and the group witnessed the operation of the turbine shaft and other major
components and the large rotator assembly. L. Daryl Williams, TVA Industrial Services manager,
said the tour is a great experience for attendees to look closely at the equipment used during
operations and to have an opportunity to ask questions. “This is an excellent and well-kept
facility,” said Williams. “We can relate to how it is used because it was built or has the same
vintage as many Tennessee Valley Authority dams in which we are familiar with.” “This facility is
larger than I expected and it is very clean,” said Kazi Mamun, an executive with the Eaton
Corporation. “It looks great for its age and the Corps has taken very good care of it.”
Mamun recognized several aging Eaton Corporation pieces of equipment inside the dam near the
generator doors on the tour throughout the dam “It’s time for an upgrade,” said Mamun. Williams
said it was good for the group to see the power plant, and get a feel for needed improvements
that could eventually qualify for upgrade funding from the U.S. Department of Energy. “All hydro
generated dams need upgrades and repairs at some point in time,” said Williams. Williams also
explained that the FUPWG meets to discuss and maintain partnerships and facilitates
communications among Federal agencies, utilities, and energy service companies that help with
funding and solving energy problems. One of the group’s missions is to help develop strategies
that implement cost-effective energy efficiency and water conservation projects through utility
incentive programs that help federal sites,” he added. After a tour of the power plant, Crawford
guided the group across the lock and dam structure, and the group watched the hydropower units
and sluice gates churn large amounts of water. He even provided a short presentation on the
importance of environmental stewardship and natural resource management at the district’s lake
projects. “I think this is a really cool facility,” said David McAndrew, Federal Energy Program lead.
He said he is very appreciative that the group was given the opportunity to take a look at the
inside of the generator up close and observe the need to upgrade many pieces of equipment.
“This tour was great,” he added. “It brings to life the things we talk about at our conferences and
brings motivation to the other agencies looking to work with us.” “This was an extremely good visit
for the Nashville District and provided the group with some insight on how we operate here at the
Old Hickory dam,” said Crawford. “I think they left with a good amount of knowledge and through
their many questions, responses and comments, showed us they were happy.” Pilcher added that
the powerhouse operators set up a great segue to their next lecture in electricity when they spoke
about the importance of transformers in stepping electricity up or down. “We enjoy it when groups
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Copy obtained from the National Performance of Dams Program: http://npdp.stanford.edu
want to tour our facilities and take interest in our dams,” said Crawford. “Our powerhouse is
always busy with projects and we enjoy and encourage school groups, clubs and other interests
groups to schedule a tour with us.”
The exchange was a valuable continuation of the agencies’ initiative to share information about
infrastructure development and maintenance, according to Williams. “This group was particularly
interested in how the partnership works between the Tennessee Valley Authority, which owns
many hydropower plants and navigation locks on the Tennessee River, and the U.S. Army Corp of
Engineers, which operates and maintains the navigation locks,” said Williams The Old Hickory
dam visit was coordinated through TVA and the DOE to share knowledge and technology for
conference attendees. For more information about Old Hickory Lock and Dam Tours or to
schedule a group tour please contact the Old Hickory Lake Resource Manager’s Office at 615822-4846. For more news, updates and information please follow the Nashville District on
Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/nashvillecorps. Old Hickory Lake is also on Facebook at
http://www.facebook.com/oldhickorylake. The Nashville District is also on Twitter at
http://www.twitter.com/nashvillecorps.
(Where would CA be without the dinosaurs? How do you recharge groundwater without dams?)
Dams & reservoirs: The 'dinosaurs' of CA water storage?
Critics say projects are costly, offer limited supply for cities, farms
By Chris Nichols, May 3, 2015, utsandiego.com
SACRAMENTO — With dead almond
trees propped on the Capitol steps and
school children clutching signs that
read “We need water. Build storage
now!”, advocates for new dams and
reservoirs in California offered a
striking set of visuals in Sacramento
last week. Legislation to advance
those traditional GOP arguments,
however, faded away faster than this
year’s Sierra Nevada snowpack,
rejected later in the day by Democrats
who tightly control decisions under the
Capitol dome. “I think (surface storage) is a dinosaur. The fact is it’s an inferior way to store
water,” said Assemblyman Das Williams, D-Santa Barbara, who chaired a panel that rejected a
Republican bill to speed up dam and reservoir construction last week. “It will be a piece of the
future, but a very small piece.”
The construction of dams and reservoirs has slowed dramatically in California over the past 40
years due to stronger environmental regulations, the lack of remaining suitable sites and growing
momentum for more cost-effective methods of storing water. But faced with a fourth straight year
of drought and growing water shortages for agriculture, Republican lawmakers and Central Valley
farmers say there’s no better time than now to build additional above ground storage, to ensure
future drought’s aren’t so brutal. “(The drought) started in agriculture, but now it’s touched all parts
of the state — we know the solution is water storage,” Assemblyman James Gallagher, RNicolaus, told the farmers, lawmakers and children at last week’s Capitol steps rally. Gallagher
authored the bill, AB 311, to expedite reservoir construction. Like the almond trees on the steps,
his legislation was dead just hours after the rally, defeated by a 6-3 party line vote in the Assembly
Natural Resources Committee, with all Democrats opposed Lacking in detail, and pursuing a
solution Democrats simply don’t agree with, the legislation was flawed from the start, said William,
the committee chair. “It was a political stunt,” Williams added of the rally.
History and high cost
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Copy obtained from the National Performance of Dams Program: http://npdp.stanford.edu
California is home to more than 1,400 regulated reservoirs, the largest of which were built in
Northern California by the state and federal governments from the 1950s through the 1970s.
Since the completion of New Melones Dam in the Sierra foothills in 1979, however, only regional
water authorities have invested in large-scale dams and reservoirs. “Big dam building has slowed
a great deal,” said Maury Roos, the state’s chief hydrologist with the Department of Water
Resources. “The best sites have been taken. There’s a lot more opposition to building dams,”
Roos added, citing push back from both environmentalists who highlight the effects on migratory
fish and American Indians concerned about the destruction of sacred tribal sites.
Gallagher and other Republicans say without more reservoirs, the state will lose out on capturing
billions of gallons of water that falls, during wet years, on sections of rivers without dams and then
flows to the delta and ocean. Still, opponents say the argument against big new dams boils down
to economics. “Water generated from big new storage projects costs substantially more than
water from water use efficiency, stormwater capture, groundwater cleanup, and water recycling
projects,” Doug Obegi, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental
advocacy group, wrote in a blog last year.
“They just don’t pencil out,” Obegi added in an interview. Citing a federal study to build a dam at
Temperance Flat east of Fresno, Obegi said the $2.5 billion project would yield up to 76,000 acre
feet of water but cost taxpayers more than $1,500 per acre foot. That would be about $600 more
per acre foot than the water generated by an Orange County groundwater replenishment system,
he said. One acre-foot of water, or 326,000 gallons, is the approximate amount used by two
typical single-family households. Building dams is not only expensive, it results in relatively low
available supply for cities and farms, according to the California Public Policy Institute, a
nonpartisan research group. “Five proposed projects — costing roughly $9 billion — would
expand statewide reservoir capacity by about four million acre-feet. However, these projects
would raise annual average supplies by 410,000 acre-feet, or just one percent of annual farm and
city use,” according to a recent PPIC report. The supply from new reservoirs would be limited
because these storage banks aren’t dedicated solely to city and farm deliveries, explained Ellen
Hanak, director of the institute’s Water Policy Center. Much of their new space would remain
empty in case it’s needed to store flood water, some would be devoted to environmental water
flows, and yet more would be dedicated for use only in droughts, she said. “That doesn’t mean it’s
not useful,” Hanak said, describing surface storage as one piece of California’s complicated water
supply puzzle.
San Diego region
Recognizing its lack of natural water supplies, the San Diego region has aggressively developed
surface storage, both historically, and in recent decades. There are 25 reservoirs in the San Diego
County Water Authority’s service area, which includes 95 percent of the county’s population. Last
year, the region saw its biggest increase in water storage in history with the completion of the San
Vicente dam raise. It raised the dam by 117 feet and added 152,000 acre feet of water storage
capacity. In 2003, the water authority completed the Olivenhain Reservoir, producing 24,000 acrefeet of water. Given these recent expansions, there are no dam building projects through the
water authority’s 2035 planning horizon, according to an agency spokesman.
The Diamond Valley Lake reservoir in Riverside County has a capacity of 800,000 acre-feet and
has been a key component of the Southern California water system since its completion in 1999
by the Metropolitan Water District, which supplies water to the San Diego authority.
State’s water future
While dams do nearly all of California’s waterways, there’s money and some momentum for
building at least one more large state reservoir in the near future — though perhaps not directly
on a river. Voters in November approved the state’s $7.5 billion water bond. Needing Republican
votes to put the measure on the ballot, Democrats including Gov. Jerry Brown agreed to include
$2.7 billion for water storage. The proposed Sites Reservoir, which would sit west of the
Sacramento River about 60 miles north of the Capitol, has emerged as the top candidate, along
with the Temperance Flat Reservoir. All sides in California’s water debate are closely watching
plans for the two reservoirs, with environmental groups at least not ruling out the Sites project,
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Obegi said. The water bond allows the state to use a competitive process to select storage
projects, pay for a maximum of half their cost. Half of any water bond money would be devoted to
ecosystem improvements, the attorney said. Norman Crow, who grows almonds and walnuts on
1,000 acres in Crows Landing, named after his farming forefathers seven generations ago, said
last week the state should take a close look at the cost of water storage. That doesn’t mean,
however, it should rule reservoirs out as it grapples with California’s water crisis, he said. “We
should look at the economics,” Crow said following the water storage rally. “Let’s (also) be
accountable for the money we agreed to spend,” in the water bond. “We don’t want to be
adversaries,” the farmer added. “We want to bring everybody to the table and work this through.”
(Guess there’s a message in the photo somewhere!)
The Addicks and Barker Dams Won’t Fail, Right? Right?!
By Sarah Rufca, May 3, 2015, houstoniamag.com
ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN
FRONT—West Houston, TX that is.
Looking down into the Barker Reservoir
from the edge of a flat-topped earthen
wall of a dam, one spots deer and
egrets, as well as stripes of freshly
exposed wood on trees, telltale signs of
industrious beavers. The green expanse
before us feels like a nature park, even
as nearby we hear the steady hum of
500 cubic feet of water rushing through
a conduit each second. For a moment,
we forget that if Houston ever faces
disaster on a grand scale, the Barker
dam—as well as the one in Addicks—
may well be ground zero for the city’s destruction. Constructed in the 1940s near the modern-day
intersection of I-10 and Highway 6, the dams were built in response to a pair of devastating floods
in 1929 and 1935, the latter of which killed eight people and caused extensive damage after 17
inches of rain drenched the city.
The Army Corps of Engineers estimates that over the years the Addicks and Barker reservoirs
have saved Houston from $8 billion in flood damage. Yet the task of protecting the city from
flooding has grown ever more difficult as the areas upstream of the dams have become more
developed and more water runs off into waterways rather than being absorbed into the soil. And
then there’s all the development downstream, which creates its own runoff, limiting how much
water can be released from the dams into Buffalo Bayou. The upshot? During extreme rain
events, both reservoirs will fill more quickly and be expected to hold more water for longer periods
of time.
“It’s all applying additional pressures to the dams,” says Richard K. Long, who supervises the
Addicks and Barker dams’ day-to-day operations for the Corps. That pressure became obvious
after a heavy storm in 2009 dumped 8 to 10 inches of rain on West Houston. With the water in the
reservoirs at record levels, engineers noticed water seeping through voids, or gaps, under the
dams’ conduits, which control how much water is released into Buffalo Bayou. That same year,
the Addicks and Barker dams were rated “extremely high risk” by the Army Corps of Engineers—
although the organization also noted that the dams were not “in imminent danger of failing.”
Confused? After Hurricane Katrina, the Corps changed the way it evaluated infrastructure,
assessing not only structural risks but also the potential loss of life and property from a failure.
How the formula is computed to arrive at this rating, and to what degree it is based on existing
problems, is an area in which the Corps has been frustratingly vague, Even so, the designation
has garnered national attention. Vice magazine, in a hard-hitting look at America’s infrastructure
problems last February, called Houston’s two major dams one of seven American projects “on the
verge of collapse.” The prospect of failure is truly terrifying. If either dam were to fail during or
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Copy obtained from the National Performance of Dams Program: http://npdp.stanford.edu
after a major storm, floodwaters rising from Buffalo Bayou could potentially submerge homes and
businesses in the Memorial area, downtown, the Medical Center and beyond. For his part,
however, Long adamantly insists that the dams’ low ratings have more to do with potential
consequences than structural problems. In any event, the Addicks and Barker dams are now “on
the top of the money heap” when it comes to federal funding for improvement. Since 2009, the
Corps has spent more than $4.4 million on interim fixes like filling in the leaking voids. This fall
they are expected to begin building new water control outlets, part of a three-year project that will
cost between $75 and $100 million. These new conduits will be surrounded by man-made
materials instead of Houston’s sandy soil to create a perfect seal, and a second set of gates will
be added to provide yet another layer of protection when the reservoirs are holding back a large
volume of water. As the growth of Houston’s far western suburbs continues apace, the reservoirs
will likely spend more and more time as bodies of water and less as green space. But it’s nothing
the improved dams won’t be able to handle, Long says. “It’s a good facility for what it’s designed
for. It’s being taxed more and more all the time, but I think it’s got another 70 years in it. That’s
more than I’ve got in me.”
(Oops changed my mind! Solutions are curious, Show me the money!)
Stanford University wants to keep controversial dam
May 04, 2015, The Associated Press, smdailyjournal.com
STANFORD, CA — Stanford University plans to keep a 19th century dam that environmental
groups and water officials say is endangering local populations of steelhead trout and other
species. A Stanford University task force released the school’s long-awaited proposals for the
future of Searsville Dam last week. Created in 1892, the dam’s reservoir is now largely filled with
sediment and has not been used as a public water source since 2013. The task force’s report
says the reservoir has become an important wetlands for local habitat, however, and should not
be removed. The task force recommends opening a hole at the base of the dam to let water and
fish flow. If that is not feasible, the school said, the best alternative would be letting the dam fill
with sediment completely and providing a fish ladder for trout. The San Francisco Bay Regional
Water Quality Control Board in late March expressed support for calls to remove the dam entirely,
and expressed technical doubts about both alternatives that the school is proposing.
The water board called the dam a “complete barrier” to fish migration on the creeks controlled by
the dam, and said the 65-foot-high structure places the local population of steelhead trout “at
much greater risk of extinction.” In a statement, dam opponent Matt Stoecker of Beyond
Searsville Dam called the school’s two proposals “ineffective Band-Aids” and predicted they would
not secure government approval.
Stanford, in its own statement, said both alternatives would cost up to $100 million, and the
school would make a priority out of seeking funding.
The school would keep studying the matter to “ensure that we do the right thing, especially for the
communities located downstream of the dam,” the statement quoted Jean McCown, Stanford’s
director of community relations, as saying. The dam is upstream of multimillion-dollar homes in
tech-industry center Palo Alto, including a residence of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.
(Sometimes it’s the other stuff that contributes to a dam’s safety.)
EWEB to fix all 3 dam gates
A federal agency orders the complete replacement of troublesome motors at the Leaburg
reservoir
By Christian Hill, The Register-Guard, MAY 6, 2015, registerguard.com
The Eugene Water & Electric Board will replace all the hydraulic motors that raise and lower the
three rollgates that regulate the flow of water through Leaburg Dam. EWEB already has replaced
the motor for rollgate No. 2, which failed in January 2012, and the dam’s federal regulator has
directed the utility to replace the motors on the other two rollgates after one failed and the other
experienced a brief malfunction. The utility planned to replace the failed motor this year. It was
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Copy obtained from the National Performance of Dams Program: http://npdp.stanford.edu
considering replacing the remaining third motor in the future, but the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission directive makes the decision
for the utility and also puts that project on
a
fast track. EWEB switched out the dam’s
electric motors for hydraulic ones more
than a decade ago in an effort to raise
the level of the reservoir behind the dam
to generate more electricity. Now the
utility is shifting back to electric motors to
control the dam’s three rollgates. After a
brief discussion, EWEB commissioners
on Tuesday approved amending the
utility’s contract with Knight Construction,
headquartered near Spokane. The
company replaced the failed hydraulic
motor with the new electric motor and
associated systems on rollgate No. 2,
and is being tapped to do the same work on the other two rollgates. Knight Construction did not
design or build the hydraulic motors. The commissioners’ vote was unanimous. Commissioner
Dick Helgeson was absent. Commissioners on Tuesday also met in a closed session to discuss
litigation likely to be filed.
The entire project is expected to cost more than $5.7 million. The utility has said the costs are
being covered from existing reserves and existing capital budgets. “We’re pursuing all avenues
for recovering all or part of our costs,” EWEB spokesman Lance Robertson said. EWEB reported
to FERC that an initial investigation showed that the hydraulic motors for rollgates 1 and 2 failed
in a similar manner, with the rotor in each motor breaking in several places, records show. Knight
Construction crews were repairing rollgate No. 2, located in the middle of the dam, when rollgate
No. 1 slammed shut on Dec. 23 as operators were trying to clear a log that got wedged against
rollgate No. 3 on the opposite side of the river. That incident followed heavy rains that sent a large
amount of woody debris down the McKenzie River. The next day, operators were alerted that
rollgate No. 3, which was raising and lowering automatically, was not responding to a command to
open. They discovered wood debris in the rollgate’s track. They were able to manually open the
rollgate. Operators decided to lock rollgate No. 3 into place for about a month to prevent a
potential failure of all three rollgates. They began operating rollgate No. 3, on Jan. 21, the same
day they began testing the repaired rollgate No. 2. The No. 2 rollgate was deemed fully
operational in automatic mode on Feb. 12.
In a Feb. 24 letter, the regional engineer for FERC’s Portland office, Doug Johnson, directed
EWEB to submit a plan and schedule for repairing the rollgate No. 1 motor. He also directed
EWEB to replace the motor for rollgate No. 3 because “there is a high risk” of failure because of
the problems with the other two motors. Joe Harwood, another EWEB spokesman, said Knight
Construction will begin work on rollgate No. 1 next month. Its workers are scheduled to wrap up
that project by late fall or early winter, and they are scheduled to begin work in earnest on rollgate
No. 3 after the holidays. Workers are expected to finish the project by mid-2016. Under the
amended contract, EWEB will pay Knight Construction $1.5 million to repair rollgate No. 1 and
$1.1 million to repair rollgate No. 3. The cost to repair rollgate No. 1 is higher because it includes
work to increase the functionality of rollgate No. 2, Harwood said. EWEB spent $3.1 million to
repair rollgate No. 2, which included the more than $1.6 million it paid Knight Construction to
swap out the motors and associated systems. Design and engineering of the new motor — and
work by Eugene-based Wildish Construction Co. to build, install and remove a bulkhead to divert
water away from the rollgate while it was under repair — encompassed the remaining expenses.
Harwood said EWEB will contract with Wildish again in coming weeks to install and remove the
bulkhead needed to divert water during the future repair projects. That cost is not yet known,
Harwood said, but EWEB will save some money because Wildish can reuse the bulkhead it built
for the first repair project. Leaburg Dam, 27 miles east of Eugene, was built in 1931.
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Hydro:
(Don’t you get nervous when Congress does anything, although this may be a good thing?)
Perry Amendment to Boost Hydropower and Create Jobs Passes U.S.
House
May 1, 2015, by RealEstateRama, pennsylvania.realestaterama.com
WASHINGTON, D.C. – May 1, 2015 – (RealEstateRama) — U.S. Rep. Scott Perry (PA-4)
continued his efforts this week to remove government barriers to the development of hydropower
in the U.S. by sponsoring an amendment to H.R. 2028, the Energy-Water Appropriations bill for
FY2016 that would restore funding for this vital energy resource. Hydropower is the largest source
of clean, renewable energy in the U.S., creating thousands of jobs (including many in the 4th
District) and providing power to millions of Americans at low cost. “This bipartisan amendment
increases funding for hydropower development – without adding to our debt,” said Rep. Perry.
“Hydropower is vitally important to reducing our dependence on foreign oil and unlike some other
renewable energy sources; it’s reliable and available in every region of the country.” Rep. Perry
joined Reps. Suzanne Bonamici (D-OR-4) and Chellie Pingree (D-ME-1) in sponsoring an
amendment to restore $9 million in funding to the Water Power Program and offsetting that cost
by reducing funding for administrative costs at the U.S. Department of Energy. That amendment
passed the House by voice vote Thursday. Rep. Perry had earlier introduced an amendment to
increase funding even further, all of which was also offset by spending cuts elsewhere, but he
agreed to the compromise amendment.
Hydropower is our nation’s most available, reliable, affordable and sustainable energy source. Of
the approximately 80,000 dams in the U.S., approximately 3 percent currently generate
hydropower. This represents a tremendous opportunity for our nation’s energy needs and is vitally
important to reducing our dependence on foreign oil. The U.S. produces more electricity from
hydropower than from any other renewable electricity source, accounting for 56 percent of
renewable generation in 2012 and 7 percent of the nation’s overall electricity generation. Utilizing
new technology at existing hydro sites represents an opportunity for enhancing this infrastructure
and generating more sustainable power. Rep. Perry has long advocated that hydropower faces
an overly burdensome regulatory approval process that includes multiple federal, state and local
governments and other participants. 60,000 megawatts of preliminary permits and projects are
currently awaiting final approval in 45 states. Pennsylvania’s potential for hydropower production
is among the 10 highest in the U.S. and Rep. Perry will continue to seek avenues to remove
government obstacles to unleash that potential energy.
(Looks a big hole in the ground right now.)
Update on the Hydroelectric Project
journalexpress.net, May 4, 2015
Steady progress continues at the site of the Red Rock Hydroelectric Project. Iowa as crews
complete the downstream cofferdam and dike and the upstream diaphragm wall at the 760-foot
lower bench level. The dry spring weather has provided good working conditions for the upstream
construction of a 240-foot diaphragm wall that will hold back the earthen dam to provide a channel
for water to enter the intake structure that sends the water to the turbine/generator. “There is
always a concern about the level of the reservoir,” said Joni Livingston, Director of Member
Services and Communications for Missouri River Energy Services. “If the water level comes near
the 760-feet elevation work bench, current work activities would have to stop on the upstream
side of the dam.”
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Copy obtained from the National Performance of Dams Program: http://npdp.stanford.edu
“The water levels throughout April have
ranged from 742 to 744 feet in elevation,
well below the 760-foot temporary work
platform where construction is currently
taking place. Of course, one heavy, fast rain
could quickly change everything,” said
Livingston. If the water levels remain steady,
four more wall elements will be installed over
the next two weeks, completing the lower
bench work for now. Crews will then
construct a temporary work platform at the
780-foot elevation to begin construction of
five more diaphragm wall elements. The
movement of rebar cages and resulting
overnight short-term road closures has been
a critical factor in building this retaining wall. “We are grateful to the public for their ongoing
support and patience with the project,” said Livingston. The cofferdam and closure dike on the
downstream side of the dam are nearly complete, which will help keep water out of the site during
the excavation and construction of the powerhouse. Excavation for the powerhouse is well
underway, along with the installation of tie-back anchors and bracing in the retaining (secant pile)
wall. With the safety of the public and construction workers in mind, the construction areas will
remain closed to the public for the duration of the hydro project. Closed areas include the North
Tailwater Recreation Area, the North Overlook Picnic Area, and the Volksweg Bike Trail from
Howell Station Campground to the North Overlook Picnic Area.
(The whole west is dry.)
Less Water In Northwest Rivers Will Mean Less Hydropower
by Cassandra Profita OPB | May 5, 2015, opb.org
Water supply forecasts are looking
bleak for many Northwest rivers this
year. Managers say that means the
region will generate less hydropower.
At a meeting in Portland this week,
power managers with the Northwest
Power and Conservation Council will
hear an update on the region’s snow
pack and stream flow forecasts. Jim
Ruff, manager of main stem passage
and river operations for the Council,
submitted a memo to the council
saying dismally low snow pack in many
Columbia River
areas of the Columbia River Basin will
mean less water in rivers, and that will
negatively affect fish and wildlife, agriculture and hydropower generation. John Fazio, the
council’s senior power systems analyst, said less water in Northwest rivers will mean less
hydropower – but not so much less that the region won’t generate what it needs.
“We’re not anticipating a likelihood of a shortage or any problems for power supply this year,” he
said. “The lights will stay on, but the revenue will be less for utilities that have hydropower.”
Ruff, who will present his report on water supply forecasts to the council on Wednesday, said
snow levels in British Columbia and at higher elevations in the Rocky Mountains are OK, but
they’re low in many watersheds within the U.S. portion of the Columbia River Basin. Oregon’s
Owyhee, Deschutes, Willamette, John Day, Umatilla and Walla Walla river basins are among the
lowest with less than 12 percent of the median snow levels. “Snowpack levels across the basin
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have been steadily declining because of continuing warm and drier than normal conditions,” he
said. “And many sites within these watersheds have no snow at all, so they’re showing bare
ground, which is unprecedented.” Ruff said peak snow pack accumulation is usually measured in
the beginning of April, and many snow monitoring sites were bare at that point this year. In
Oregon, 76 snow monitoring sites were at their lowest snow pack levels on record as of April 1. In
Washington, statewide snow pack is 19 percent of average, and 70 snow monitoring sites are at
record lows. “That translates into below normal water supply forecasts for the Columbia River
Basin,” Ruff said. “It looks like it’s going to be a fairly water-short year for the southern part of the
basin.” Fazio said managers plan for hydropower generation based on the lowest water year on
record. And this year doesn’t look like it will be nearly that bad. In good water years, he said,
utilities including Bonneville Power Administration would use extra hydropower to replace more
expensive electrical generation sources like natural gas or coal-fired power plants. And they
would sell extra power to other areas such as California. This year, there won’t be as much extra
hydropower to sell because there will be less water in Northwest rivers, Fazio said.
“Because we have less than average, the region will be making less revenue from sales,” he said.
“Bonneville Power (Administration), in particular, probably won’t be making as much money
because there isn’t as much power as in a normal year, but we’re still going to meet all of our
demands.” Fazio expects Northwest dams will only produce about a quarter of the extra
hydropower utilities would normally sell on the power markets. A key measurement for gauging
water supplies for hydropower generation is the water runoff at The Dalles Dam on the Columbia
River. Fazio said the lowest volume recorded there was 47.3 million acre feet in 1977. This year,
the forecast is for 67 million acre feet. That’s well below the average of 89 million acre feet, but
safely above the danger zone where power managers would have to consider paying industries to
use less electricity to reduce the power demand in the region.
Water:
(Sounds like a good mystery novel!)
Sacramento water coalition works to avoid feared ‘dead pool’ at Folsom
Dam
Water & Drought, MAY 2, 2015, sacbee.com
It happened last February,
in year three of what state
officials are now calling
California’s millennial
drought. Visitors to Folsom
Lake found levels so low
they could hike for miles on
dry lakebed and explore
remnants of a previously
inundated Gold Rush
village. At the same time,
Sacramento water
managers – the people
responsible for transporting
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water from the reservoir to half a million household taps – were hunched over their computers,
alarmed by what they saw.
The lake was within months of becoming a “dead pool.”
For water officials, that’s as ominous as it sounds. The condition occurs when reservoir levels fall
below the intake pipes near the base of the dam that funnel water to residents in Folsom, Granite
Bay, Roseville and other communities in Sacramento, Placer and El Dorado counties, as well as
Folsom Prison. It had never happened in the nearly 60-year history of Folsom reservoir. Many
people hadn’t thought it possible. “It freaked us out,” said Tom Gohring, executive director of the
Water Forum, a coalition of Sacramento-area cities, water districts, environmental groups and
businesses that focuses on water supply. The federal Bureau of Reclamation, which operates
Folsom Dam, considered floating a barge on the reservoir with a pump to push water up to the
intake portal on the back wall of the dam. Suburban water agencies scrambled to secure access
to groundwater. Some, like Roseville, considered rationing.
The crisis was averted when an unexpected burst of late-winter rain hit, offering last-minute
reservoir replenishment. This spring, the reservoir level is notably higher after a better, although
still below-average, rainfall season.
But 2014 served as a wake-up call. Faced with the prospect of drier winters ahead, Sacramento
officials are proposing changing the way the dam is operated to keep more water behind its wall
each year as drought insurance. They want the federal government to alter monthly releases from
the dam so that an extra cushion of water remains stored each December to guard against a
“dead pool” scenario come summer and fall. Gohring said his group is fine-tuning a proposal that
would give local water districts the buffer they want, without running afoul of the water needs and
rights of other agencies and downstream users. “We are at a point where we’re convinced it is
doable,” Gohring said. He and other forum members, including several dozen Sacramento-area
water agencies, say their proposal is not envisioned as a way for the region’s residents and
businesses to avoid long-term conservation.
Efforts to cut water use are underway throughout the state, and more stringent conservation
regulations are on the way. Citing unprecedented drought conditions, Gov. Jerry Brown last month
ordered urban water agencies statewide to cut usage 25 percent by February, on average,
compared with 2013, with the biggest per-capita users taking the biggest cuts. The State Water
Control Board’s draft framework for carrying out that order divides the state’s 411 urban water
agencies into nine tiers, based on their per capita water use between July and September last
year. As proposed, nearly half of the Sacramento region’s 23 water districts would need to cut
water use by 36 percent this year – the highest rung in the framework. All but two Sacramentoarea communities would have to cut usage by at least 28 percent. The order mandating the
cutbacks ends in February. But state water officials plan to launch discussions later this year on
regulations for more permanent conservation goals. This year’s cutbacks should give Folsom
reservoir some room to recover from several years of below-normal precipitation. But state
officials say California faces warmer winters and more frequent droughts because of climate
change. Even with bold conservation efforts, water demand in Sacramento is expected to
increase as the region grows, putting more stress on the reservoir to deliver. A recent state
Department of Water Resources analysis of tributaries that feed into the Sacramento-San Joaquin
Delta suggests a “dead pool” at Folsom, once unthinkable, eventually could happen once every
decade. That analysis, and last February’s scare, prompted Water Forum leaders to look for ways
to “improve” reservoir management. The forum, founded in the 1990s by the city and county of
Sacramento, has worked to improve water availability and water quality, with a focus on the
reservoir and lower American River. Despite their proximity to Folsom Dam and the rivers that
feed it, local water agencies have no assurance their proposal will get traction. Folsom Lake is
part of a much larger system of dams and reservoirs that make up the state and federal water
projects that pipe fresh water to cities and farms statewide, and provide the flows needed for fish
and wildlife in the sensitive Delta estuary.
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Changing dam operations would require buy-in from state and federal officials, as well as other
water agencies with water rights in the reservoir and a stake in the timing and size of downstream
flows. Reservoir operations are based on a series of sometimes hard-fought agreements among
stakeholders across the state, including water agencies, farms, fisheries, electric utilities and
environmental regulators. In addition, the dam’s priority function is to keep Sacramento from
flooding. The Bureau of Reclamation operates based on long-standing flood-control rules that
require reservoir levels to remain low enough throughout the rainy season to ensure that outflows
into the lower American River in a heavy storm would not overwhelm levees. This causes dam
operators to release large pulses of rainfall in winter. Gohring of the Water Forum said the
proposal is being fashioned with all those priorities in mind. A formal proposal likely will be ready
for publication by early summer. It will call for dam operators to maintain between 285,000 and
365,000 acre-feet of water behind the dam every year in December. Holding more water in the
dam in winter also would mean that releases throughout the year draw on colder water, which is
beneficial to fish. The proposal sets a new minimum standard for flows on the American River:
500 cubic feet per second. Currently, flows rarely drop below 800 cfs, but the bureau has the
authority to release less than 500 cfs in extremely dry conditions, according to Gohring.
In many years, maintaining those storage levels would be easy. Despite the ongoing drought, the
lake held 574,800 acre-feet last week. The reservoir’s maximum storage is 977,000 acre-feet.
Last year, however, the dam held only 150,000 acre-feet in February. Dead-pool level is just under
100,000 acre-feet. Bureau of Reclamation officials were guarded in their response to the
proposal, but said they are open to discussing changes. “Reclamation is always interested in
ideas that improve fishery protection and project operations,” bureau spokeswoman Erin Curtis
said in an email. “We are aware that the Water Forum has been preparing a proposal, but we do
not have much information yet on the specifics.” The concept has broad local support among
water agencies that would benefit. Officials in Roseville and Folsom, communities heavily reliant
on Folsom reservoir, are assisting, as is the Regional Water Authority, an association of 23 local
agencies. Ron Stork, of the environmental group Friends of the River, also is involved. He said
the proposal would help American River fish, because it assures minimal flows and releases of
cooler water. “It’s a long time in coming and needs to happen,” Stork said. Lester Snow, director
of the California Water Foundation, a Sacramento-based nonprofit that advocates for sustainable
water management, cautioned that the proposal goes only so far. He said, in the long-term, the
region needs robust water-conservation efforts and judicious management of its groundwater, an
assessment that many regional water officials say they agree with. “There is not a single silver
bullet,” Snow said.
(Hydropower doesn’t consume water, it just uses it.)
Colorado begins $3.4 million effort to save ag water, use it to make power
By Bruce Finley, The Denver Post, 05/04/2015, denverpost.com
Colorado is embarking on a federally backed $3.4 million experiment to transform the flood
irrigation farmers use to grow crops: tapping diverted water more efficiently and generating
electricity.
Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack
kicked off the "small hydropower"
project Monday in Denver and
announced $235 million in new
federal grants nationwide to spur
innovation around water, soil and
drought. The Colorado experiment
aims to pressurize flows of
agricultural water, producing hydropower, and then deliver water more
precisely to crops using sprinklers. If
successful, this is envisioned as a
way to help reduce the 85 percent
share of water required to sustain
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agriculture in semi-arid Colorado and other western states. "This is not only possible. It is going to
happen," Vilsack said in an interview. "It is going to provide for more efficient irrigation, which is
important as we deal with increased scarcity. It also is going to deliver hydropower, a renewable
energy resource."
The federal Regional Conservation Partnership Program grants, building on $394 million awarded
in January, are designed to encourage local agriculture leaders to work with innovators at private
companies, universities, non-profit groups and government agencies to solve environmental
challenges. Congress created the program last year and funds it under the Farm Bill. In Colorado,
state agriculture officials are coordinating the Pressurized Small Hydropower project, which will
receive $1.8 million in federal funds and assistance through the Natural Resources Conservation
Service, in addition to $1.6 million from American Rivers, the governor's energy office, the
Colorado Rural Electric Association and others. "As water drops downhill, there's a lot of energy in
it," Colorado Agriculture Commissioner Don Brown said at a signing ceremony. "We're going to
capture some of that energy." Circular sprinkler systems that minimize water waste will be
installed on farm fields that formerly were flooded, Brown said. Significant amounts of water will
be saved, but it's too early to assess how much, he said. Vilsack said more than 600 groups have
applied for conservation grants with 115 funded so far. Teaming with the private sector amplifies
what the government could do, he said. "We need to figure out ways to use water more creatively
and more efficiently." Small hydropower systems, typically generating 2 megawatts or less, have
emerged as a way to supply electricity for power grid without emitting heat-trapping greenhouse
gases, which scientists link to climate change. They rely on diversion of a small portion of a river
or are constructed at dams.
(No kidding!)
We must increase our water storage capacity
Dan Newhouse, May 6, 2015, dailysunnews .com
REFLECTIONS FROM THE OTHER WASHINGTON
U.S. Congressman Dan Newhouse
The critical water shortage facing many drought-stricken western states is a cautionary tale: when
nature intervenes, it tests whether water management planning is meeting demand and providing
stable, adequate supply. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor for March 31, 2015, all or
significant portions of 11 western states, including the state of Washington, are suffering from
severe to exceptional drought. Faced with extreme drought conditions, California has resorted to
fines for excessive water usage – however, conservation by rationing shrinking water supplies will
only go so far. Washington, despite being blessed with the resources of the Columbia River, is
also contending with a water shortage after a winter that brought the lowest snowpack in the
Cascade Mountains in decades. Expanded water supply capacity is needed to meet the needs of
the growing population of the West at large. Congress should respond not only in the short term,
but also in the long term by creating a forward-looking process to facilitate the creation of new
surface water storage projects in a strategic and timely manner.
One of my top priorities in Congress is to advocate for the importance of removing regulatory
barriers and red tape that slow down the approval and completion of surface water storage
projects. Currently, the process for approving new or expanded dams and reservoirs is timeconsuming and needlessly bureaucratic. Last week, I introduced the Bureau of Reclamation
Surface Water Storage Streamlining Act of 2015, which would require the Bureau of Reclamation,
the federal agency charged with developing much of the West’s water infrastructure, to accelerate
feasibility studies of new or expanded surface water storage projects. The provisions in the
legislation would improve accountability and transparency by giving the Bureau a three-year
deadline and limiting spending to $3 million for project feasibility studies. The Bureau of
Reclamation is the agency responsible for building many of the nation’s dams and is a major
participant in completing vital irrigation projects in Central Washington: the Columbia Basin
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Project and Yakima River Basin Water Enhancement Project. Both projects are critical for current
and future water supplies for farmers, fish, ranchers and communities in Central Washington.
Streamlining planning for projects like these across the country can help prepare more effectively
for drought and provide adequate water resources for future development. Not only is it important
to improve the planning process for future water storage projects, it is crucial to safeguard current
dams and reservoirs such as those on the lower Snake River. I introduced an amendment that the
House approved last week - with Rep. Paul Gosar (AZ) - to prevent the removal of any federallyowned or operated dam, including the four lower Snake River dams. These dams are a vital
component of the water infrastructure in the West, and they help ensure access to clean water
supplies for many rural and agricultural communities. They provide important water storage,
irrigation and flood control functions while producing 1,110 megawatts of clean, renewable
hydroelectricity. At a time when much of the West is facing what could be the worst drought in
100 years, it is more important than ever to plan for the future by increasing current water storage
capacity.
Environment:
(Rivers do what they do best, act like a river!)
Rivers Recover Rapidly Once Dams Are Gone, Study Finds
By CASSANDRA PROFITA • APR 30, 2015; kuow.org
A new study sums up what scientists
now know about the environmental
effects of removing dams from rivers.
It concludes that rivers and fish
respond quickly after a dam is
removed, and the results are mostly
positive. "Heraclitus has said you
can't step in the same river twice,
“said study co-author Gordon Grant.
"Well, you don't get exactly the same
river back after you take a dam off it
that you had before, but you can
come pretty close. In some cases, it
Deconstruction of lower Elwha dam taken in January, 2012, about
can even be difficult to identify in just
four months after the project began. For the second year in a row,
a few years where the dam was."
salmon are swimming in streams above the site of the former
Elwha Dam. - Katie Campbell
Rivers often disperse the extra
sediment from behind a dam within
weeks or months of dam removal, the study finds. Migratory fish move swiftly to recolonize newly
accessible habitat – at times swimming past the former dam site within a matter of days.
The research, published Thursday in the journal Science, compiles the findings of more than a
hundred studies on individual dam removals. Grant, a research hydrologist with the U.S. Forest
Service, said the number of dams removed has shot up in the past decade. In the U.S. 548 dams
were removed from 2006-2014 compared with 298 dams removed from 1996-2005. That recent
round of dam removal has included projects on Washington's Elwha and White Salmon rivers and
Oregon's Sandy River. "We wanted to step back from the fray and assess: What have we
learned?" he said. "What works, what doesn't, and what sort of guidance does the past give us in
looking towards the future?" Grant said the effects of dam removal definitely vary depending on
the size of the dam, the size of the river, and how much sediment was stored in what size
reservoir. But he and his colleagues did find some common lessons. Before dam removal had
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been studied, Grant said, scientists thought it might take decades for rivers to disperse the
accumulated sediment. But that was not the case in almost all the documented cases. In most
cases, it was only a matter of weeks or months. "Rivers appear very nimble in terms of being
able to digest these meals of, in most cases, sediment that has been stored behind these
structures, some of which have been in place for close to a hundred years," he said.
Study co-author Jeff Duda, a biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, is studying the effects of
dam removals on the Elwha River in Washington – the largest dam removal in history. He said
the Elwha has been the biggest test case to date of how a river handles large deposits of
sediment released by dam removals. That project started in 2011 and removed the last part of the
Elwha Dam last August, releasing 21 million cubic meters of sediment altogether. "We've seen
the river downstream handle that input of sediment, and it's now coming back," Duda said. "For a
while, it was running pretty muddy, and still does during high flows, but if you go out there during
periods of low flow it runs pretty clear again. So, the river is adjusting."
Duda said scientists are still tracking the long-term effects on fish in the Elwha, but it didn't take
the fish long to reoccupy the habitat above the dams. "We saw fish here just upstream of Glines
Canyon Dam within days of the final blast," he said. "If you give the fish a chance, if they're
migratory, they will recolonize the streams above dams." Overall, Grant said, fish seem pretty
well adapted to handling the short-term, large volumes of sediment moving downstream after a
dam removal, as it's similar to what they might see during a flood or volcanic eruption.
"Generally, the fish are reasonably evolutionarily designed to handle disturbances of that kind," he
said. "What we don't know, though, is whether you get back the sort of fish community you might
have had before the dam." Researchers found removing a dam can release contaminants stored
in sediment, and it's a good idea to check for that before removing a dam, Grant said.
In a case of "good dam removals gone bad," he said, the Fort Edward Dam removal on New
York's Hudson River released so much contaminated sediment that the river was later placed on
the Superfund list of the nation's most contaminated sites. While there have been many positive
results documented from dam removals, Grant said, the benefits of dams for water storage and
energy – especially in light of climate change – may continue to drive people to build new dams.
"The future of dam removal has to be viewed against this context of a lot of places in the world
where dams are still viewed as important steps in development as low-carbon energy sources,"
he said. "Our removals in the U.S. are offset in terms of total dams by a lot of new dam
construction in South America, Southeast Asia and India."
Project Would Bring Salmon Back To North Yuba River
By Amy Quinton, May 7, 2015 | Sacramento, CA | capradio.org
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Dams have prevented spring-run Chinook salmon and steelhead from reaching their historic
spawning habitat on the North Yuba River for 74 years. That may change under a new initiative
undertaken by state and federal wildlife agencies and conservation groups. The goal of the Yuba
Salmon Partnership Initiative is to create the first-ever collect and transport program in California.
The idea is to collect spring-run Chinook salmon and steelhead beneath Englebright Dam on the
North Yuba and reintroduce them upstream, then collect and transport the juveniles back
downstream so they can migrate to the ocean.
Wildlife agencies say similar programs in Oregon and Washington have been used to
successfully move salmon around dams too tall for fish ladders. "If we have a chance of bringing
them back, this may be a way to do it, because 95 percent of their historical habitat is above
these very large dams and they've been cut off from it in some cases almost a century," says
Chuck Bonham, director of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Bonham says the
reintroduction project could cost $500 million over its 50 year lifespan. Yuba County Water Agency
has agreed to pay up to $100 million. It could be several years before the program would launch.


Other Stuff:
(Another use for a waterwheel!)
“Mr. Trash Wheel” Removes 4,000,000 Cigarettes from Baltimore Harbor
04/22/15, by: Discovery.com Staff, Adam Lindquist, Waterfront Partnership of Baltimor e
A water wheel in Baltimore's Inner
Harbor has removed 160 tons of
garbage from the waterway in just
under a year. That's 97,000
bottles, 80,000 potato chip bags
and a whopping 4 million
cigarettes removed from a
waterway so polluted that it failed
its 2014 water quality report card.
This remarkable photograph
shows just how much of an impact
the water wheel has already had in
its short life. The photo on the left
was taken on April 30, 2014, after
a torrential downpour washed a
harrowing amount of garbage into the harbor. A mere four million cigarettes later, a similar storm
earlier this week had almost no recognizable impact on the Harbor.
(Wonder if this one will work. They keep trying.)
A GIANT WINDWHEEL IS COMING TO ROTTERDAM
Text by Mitchell Gilburne | | | Rendering courtesy of Dutch Windwheel Corporation, April 21, 2015,
architecturaldigest.com
The Dutch Windwheel is set to open in 2020 in the city of Rotterdam. Goodbye, windmill. The
Dutch clean energy movement will soon have a new face: the windwheel. Come 2020, the shores
of Rotterdam will be home to the 570-foot-tall Dutch Windwheel, a giant mixed-use structure
distinguished by its unique circular shape and energy-positive output. The steel-and-glass
creation, designed by BLOC and Meysters in collaboration with Doepel Strijkers architecture
studio, will rise above Europe’s largest port from a subaquatic foundation, giving the illusion of
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buoyancy. Visitors will have a chance to experience the wheel firsthand with forty mobile cabins
that transport travelers around the structure’s circumference, offering views as far as Delft, The
Hague, and Dordrecht. Upon its completion, the Windwheel will house both a 160-room hotel and
a 72-unit residential development.
Function, however, is what will earn the
Windwheel its acclaim. The wheel,
known as the Electrostatic Wind Energy
Converter (EWICON), will transform
wind energy into usable electricity
without mechanical input. Moreover, the
building has been imagined with
Rotterdam’s residents in mind—its
technology runs silently, without casting
the distracting intermittent shadows
often associated with wind energy.
Above all else, the building will give the
booming city of Rotterdam its own
distinct landmark and is expected to
draw 1.5 million new visitors annually.
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i
This compilation of articles and other information is provided at no cost for those interested in hydropower, dams, and water resources
issues and development, and should not be used for any commercial or other purpose. Any copyrighted material herein is distributed without
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