Water-Food-Energy Nexus - NRCP

Transcription

82nd NRCP General Membership Assembly and Scientific Conference
Water-Food-Energy Nexus in Inclusive and Sustainable Development, 11 March 2015, PICC, Pasay City
ISSN: 0119-7819
Proceedings
82 NRCP
nd
General Membership Assembly and Scientific Conference
Water-Food-Energy Nexus
in Inclusive and Sustainable Development
11 March 2015, Summit Hall C&D, Philippine International Convention Center, Pasay City
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2
CONTENTS
Page
Preface
Dr. Marieta Bañez Sumagaysay
Executive Director
iii
Water-Food-Energy Nexus in Inclusive and Sustainable Development
Opening Remarks
Dr. Filemon A. Uriarte, Jr.
President
1
Conference Background and
Introduction to the Keynote Speaker
Dr. Isidro C. Sia
Chair, Medical Sciences
3
Water-Food-Energy Nexus:
the Global Perspective
Dr. Bindu N. Lohani
Vice-President for Knowledge Management
and Sustainable Development
Asian Development Bank
4
Introduction to the Plenary Speaker
Dr. Leslie E. Bauzon
Chair, Social Sciences
12
Socio-Economic and Ethical
Implications of the WFE Nexus
Dr. Gilberto M. Llanto
President
Philippine Institute for Development Studies
15
Plenary Open Forum
Dr. Mildred A. Padilla
Chair, Veterinary Medicine
33
Breakout Sessions
Dr. Carina G. Lao
Executive Director (2013-2015)
42
Business Meeting
Call to Order and Minutes
47
President’s Report
Dr. Filemon A. Uriarte, Jr.
48
Treasurer’s Report
Dr. Felix P. Muga II
52
Election Mechanics and Results
55
3
Awarding and Closing Ceremonies
Message from the DOST Secretary
Mario G. Montejo
Secretary
Department of Science and Technology
57
Achievement Awardees
61
Member Emeritus
63
Outstanding Institution
64
Plaques of Appreciation
65
Poster Contest Winners
66
Synthesis
Dr. Rafael D. Guerrero III
Member-at-Large
68
Closing Message
Dr. Carina G. Lao
73
Annexes
A. Program
76
B. Presentation Slides
4
a. Plenary Speech of Dr. Gilberto M. Llanto, President, PIDS
77
b. Breakout Session 1 - Water and Energy Nexus
91
c. Breakout Session 2 - Energy and Food Nexus
106
d. Breakout Session 3 - Water and Food Nexus
131
C. Photos
158
D. Attendance
159
PREFACE
Greetings to our members and partners in research!
We are pleased to present the Proceedings of the 82nd General
Membership Assembly and Scientific Conference of NRCP held last
11 March 2015 at the iconic Philippine International Convention
Center, Pasay City, Metro Manila.
Its theme, “Water-Food-Energy Nexus in Inclusive and Sustainable
Development,” highlights the imperative to improve the management
of these tightly interconnected and limited resources amid our
present local state of affairs as well as in relation to our dynamic and
increasingly complex world.
We hope that the rich discussions, exchanges, and findings in the plenary, breakout sessions, and business meeting documented herein increase our knowledge on the “water-food-energy nexus.” Insights
given by our eminent speakers are especially invaluable to planning, integrated management, and policy
development for water, food, and energy sustainability and toward more inclusive growth in the
Philippines.
Quoting one of our esteemed members, “let’s think nexus from now on when dealing with any of the three
essential resources.”
While great challenges are ahead of us to sustain our necessities, many of us believe that we will be at a
better place tomorrow when we stay informed, take ownership of the current realities, and spread
awareness in our institutions and localities.
Let me finally salute our ever-prudent members and secretariat for tackling hard issues like this to the
attention of our public, to whom we owe our service as researchers, scientists, engineers, and
educators in the country.
MARIETA BAÑEZ SUMAGAYSAY, Ph.D.
Executive Director
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OPENING REMAR S
Dr. Filemon A. Uriarte, r.
President, NRCP
Thank you Dr. Binag for calling me to welcome and to open
the 82nd Annual General Membership Assembly meeting of
The National Research Council of the Philippines.
Dr. Bindu Lohani, vice president of the Asian Development
Bank;
Dr. Llanto, President of the Philippine Institute for
Development Studies;
The Members of the Governing Board of the National Research Council of the Philippines;
Our Achievement Awardees this year and also those to be conferred certain honors and awards during
this annual meeting that will transpire this afternoon;
National Scientists of the Philippines, I think headed by Dr. Angel Alcala, former President of NRCP
Dr. Lourdes Cruz;
The Executive Director of PCIEERD (Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology
Research and Development) Dr. Rowena Cristina Guevara;
My dear friends, distinguished guests, colleagues, ladies and gentlemen;
This annual meeting, the 82nd General Membership Assembly of the members of the National Research
Council of the Philippines, and this morning, Scientific Conference, marks exactly the first year of my
term as president of NRCP and this afternoon I will be giving my report on the accomplishments of the
NRCP during the first nine months of my term as president. I am happy to say that within the very short
period of time, we have been able to continue the excellent work of previous members of the Governing
Board of the Council as well as the excellent work of the NRCP Secretariat, which is now currently
headed by Dr. Carina Lao, who I believe is seated right beside our Emeritus Awardees this year that
includes my friend Leopoldo Abis, who used to be Undersecretary of the Department of Science and
Technology.
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We have selected for this year a very current theme which is water, food, and energy nexus, and this
morning we are going to have two distinguished experts in their own fields, who will be discussing with
us and hopefully there will be time for Q&A after their presentation on the global perspective of the water,
food, and energy nexus, as well as the ethical implications of these linkages between water, food, and
energy. As scientists, we are quite familiar with the fact that the production of energy has a very strong
linkage with the utilization of water. I’ll just give you an example, in the case of biofuels, I am sure many
of us are aware that the production of biofuels as an energy source is probably the highest consuming
area in as far as energy production is concerned—as far as water consumption is concerned. And with
respect with food and energy nexus, the same thing is true. The utilization of or the plantation of biofuels
displaces land for agricultural use and therefore this is a very, very timely topic for the National Research
Council of the Philippines to discuss. I have invited for this particular session a very long-time friend,
although he is going to be introduced later on by our Vice President Dr. Sia. I would like to share with
you that I have known Dr. Lohani for how many years—maybe almost 40 years, since 1981 when he was
the head of the Environment Division of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). I remember in the early
1980s, there were four recognized experts in the environment field, particularly in the brown
environment, and these were the head of the UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) Regional
Office at the time, which was Dr. [unintelligible], the head of the Environment Division of ESCAP
(Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific), Dr. Kazi Jalal (sic), and then of course the
head of the Environment Division of AIT which was Dr. Bindu Lohani, as early as 1980 and 1981, and then
myself as a practitioner coming from the University of the Philippines (UP) at the time. And so, I am confident that we are going to have an excellent discussion this morning in tackling this very important topic
of water, food, and energy nexus, including the ethical implications which will be tackled by Dr. Llanto.
And so, I would like to welcome all of you to this 82nd General Membership Assembly and Scientific
Conference this morning, and at this point I would like to declare this conference open. Thank you and
good morning!
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CONFERENCE BAC GROUND
INTRODUCTION TO T E EYNOTE SPEA ER
• ••••• •• •• •• ••• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Vice President, NRCP and Chair, Medical Sciences Division
Good morning Dr. Bindu Lohani, Dr. Gilberto Llanto,
President Uriarte, distinguished guests, and colleagues.
Today, we celebrate the 82nd NRCP General Membership
Assembly and Scientific Conference with the most relevant theme
Water-Food-Energy Nexus for Inclusive and Sustainable Development. Recent scientific findings suggest that humanity is now
approaching critical limits in global resource availability. This
physical resource scarcity is attributed to biodiversity loss, climate
change, high population growth, and overconsumption, among
others. Of all the material resources, water, food, and energy are
the most critical to sustain life on earth. These three resources
are tightly interconnected, as mentioned by our President, forming a resource nexus as well as a thread for
policy nexus and research. Cognizant of the importance of the integrity of water, food, and energy nexus
for sustainable development, or importantly, for inclusive development, we, the general membership of the
National Research Council of the Philippines meet today toward an affirmative action, specifically, to produce a scientific conference report that would serve as material or reference for research undertakings for
policy making as well as programs development that will auger for the healthy integrity of the
water-food-energy nexus for sustainable and inclusive development of the nation.
For today’s scientific conference, we are well-honored by the presence of two eminent speakers, Dr. Llanto
and Dr. Lohani, and a battery of respected experts for the Breakout Sessions, who will expound on the
water-food-energy nexus. President Uriarte and colleagues, it is now my distinct honor to introduce the first
plenary speaker, Dr. Bindu N. Lohani.
Dr. Lohani hails from Nepal who has a bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering, master’s in Environmental
Engineering, and doctorate in Environmental Technology and Management. He has also been awarded two
doctorates honoris causa by the Griffith University of Australia and the Angeles University Foundation of the
Philippines, which also granted him its distinguished University Medal. Dr. Lohani, in addition, has completed
several management development programs, including those conducted by the University of Chicago,
Cornell University, and Yale University, as well as administrative training for senior government staff of Nepal.
Dr. Lohani is a very prolific researcher and he has more than 200 publications, among these are eight books.
Dr. Lohani is an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) of United States - the highest
professional distinction accorded to an engineer - for his work on economic-cum-environmental approach
to sustainable development. He is also Diplomat of the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and
a Fellow by the American Association for the Advancement of Science Council.
Ladies and gentlemen, it is my honor to present the Vice-President for Knowledge Management and
Sustainable Development of the Asian Development Bank, Dr. Bindu N. Lohani.
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WATER-FOOD-ENERGY NEXUS: T E GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Dr. Bindu N. Lohani
Vice-President for Knowledge Management and Sustainable
Development
Asian Development Bank
Keynote Speaker
Part I. Introduction
Fellow panelists, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,
I am delighted to join you at this important assembly of eminent Asian scientists and scholars. Today I will speak about
the Water-Food-Energy Nexus in an attempt to set the scene
for today’s conference discussion.
Part II. Asias Phenomenal Growth and its igh Cost to Environment
Let me start with a few quick words on Asia s economy. Asia s economic growth in the past
decades has been remarkable. Our 2014 Asian Development Outlook records steady growth of
. % in 1 and expects . % in 1 for Asia.
Both the energy and water sectors beyond industrialization and manufacturing and service
sector growth played critical roles in supporting the economic growth. The huge requirements
for energy and industrial development are the key drivers of Asian economies.
However, this rapid economic growth has been at the cost of economic disparity between rich
and poor, and serious depletion of natural resources and environmental damages. For example,
the economic impact of pollution in Asian cities is estimated at 1% % of national GDP . Last
year, the PRC Government reported that fifth of soil fallow in the country is polluted due to heavy
metal contaminants. Such environmental breakdown may cause the world to lose a uarter
of its food supply capacity by
. What this means is that environmental sustainability and
natural resources (air, water and land) places a binding condition for the future growth of
the world.
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2
All emphases in text by Keynote Speaker Dr. Bindu N. Lohani of ADB have been retained.
In terms of loss of productivity, ADB. 2006. Special Evaluation Study on Urban Sector Strategy and Operations
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Part III. ADB s Energy Outlook
Looking ahead, Asia will need to address the water, food and energy security. With today s topic,
let me share with some views on the energy, water and food security. Let me start with energy
security.
. Almost half of the total energy
Global energy demand is expected to grow at
% by
demand in
1 will come from the PRC, India and other developing Asian countries, and
the demand will increase by 2040 to roughly 60% of the global total4. This demand adds on top of
the demand of
million people with no access to modern electricity in Asia.
The energy demand growth will have an impact on global warming which is one of the most
challenging tasks today. The associated CO2 emissions will increase by 20% and contribute to the
increase in global temperature by 3.6°C.
Thanks to technical advances, the use of renewable energy technologies to provide electricity,
heating and cooling, and transportation is now widely spread across the globe. Renewable
energy provided an estimated 19% of global nal energy consumption in 2012, and is also
increasingly recognized as the generator of environmental and economic benefits.
Part IV. Asian Water Security
Let me give a few words on Asian water security. The World Economic Forum’s Global Risks
report 2014 ranked water insecurity as the third highest global risk, after fiscal strength and
structural unemployment.
Based on ADB’s Asian Water Development Outlook, we found that more than
% of the 9
countries in Asia and the Paci c are seriously exposed to poor water security. As urbanization,
industrialization and affluent middle class population growth continue, drastic increase in future
water demand is expected. For Asia, we project 65% increase in industrial water use, 30% increase
. This will widen the
in domestic use, and 5% increase in agriculture use are expected by
aggregate water gap by as much as %.
PRC expects water demand-supply gaps of 25% by 2030, due to rapid industrial growth and
urbanization, coupled with the heavy water needs of its large agriculture sector.
India is likely to face more severe water gap of 50% by 2030. Producing sufficient food
remains to be the country’s primary water challenge, although industrialization is progressing
rapidly.
“
”
International Energy Agency (2014) the World Energy Outlook
http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/docs/weo2011/homepage/ WEO2011_Press_Launch_London.pdf
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Water Institute of Columbia University.
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ADB. 2011. Water Operational Plan 2011–2020. Manila.
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4
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While traditional energy resources are dwindling, we need to increase or scale up and improve energy
efficiency and renewable energy and zero emission technology as the key options that can help meet
the growing energy needs in a clean and effective way.
“
Nutrition insecurity is a threat to sustainable growth as it affects the next generation’s
ability to learn and work.
Part V. Food Security
”
In the area of food security, close to 1 billion populations in the world remain hungry, and
two-thirds of them reside in Asia and the Pacific region. Pressures on food security are only to
intensify in future, as global food supply will need to increase by 60% between 2009 and 20507.
When it came to food, we use FAO’s 1,800 calories per day. Yet, micronutrient deficiency or hidden
hunger is also prevalent in many parts of the region. With this, we need to have a new thinking on
food security. The minimum dietary energy requirement of FAO of 1,800 calories per day may no
longer be the critical benchmark. Instead, we may need to shift to a concept of affordable and
nutritious food. Nutrition insecurity is a threat to sustainable growth as it affects the next
generation’s ability to learn and work.
A bulk of this food demand will come from the emerging urban middle class population in of Asia
whose demand will rise by as much as 163% during this period. Feeding the growing population
while ensuring environmental sustainability is one of the greatest challenges that we face.
Part VI. Managing the Water-Food-Energy Nexus will Re uire New and Transformational Thinking
As we move forward, I know that you are aware that the increasing nexus between water, food
and energy cannot be avoided and has to be dealt with. This nexus, in combination with climate
change, will have far-reaching effects on global development over the next 15-20 years.
ust within only 1 years, the
% more energy, and
billion population in the world will need
% more food,
% more water.
The nexus challenge is, therefore, about balancing different resource user goals and interests,
while maintaining the integrity, and sustainability of our global ecosystem. I believe that
sustainable pathways must be identified for expanding each of their growth frontiers.
What should then be our new thinking? I believe that new thinking on the nexus is best captured
in the New Climate Economy Report led by Mr. Calderon, by focusing on three critical socio-economic systems that hold the key to yield multiple economic, social and environmental benefits:
(1) cities ecosystem (2) energy systems and (3) land use. Looking at these three critical
systems, we may be able to shift away from conventional, piece meal and isolated solutions
towards more integrated nexus thinking.
“
The nexus challenge is, therefore, about balancing different resource user goals and interests,
while maintaining the integrity, and sustainability of our global ecosystem.
”
FAO. 2010. How to Feed the Population in 2050. Rome: FAO.
By 2050, Asian urban centers will need an annual production of 1.3 billion tons of cereals and 197 million tons of
meat (ADB estimates 2012). Virtual Fertilizer Research Center. 2012. A Blueprint for Global Food Security.
Washington, DC: VFRC.
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US National Intelligence Council. 2012.
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First, on cities. We face a massive scale of urbanization. Currently, 54% of the
world’s population resides in urban areas, and it is expected to increase to 66% in 205010.
For Asia, more than three-fifths of the population will be urban residents by 2050 and most of the
world’s fastest growing cities will be from the least developed economies in Asia. Approximately
1.2 billion people will move to Asian cities in the next 35 years, which is equivalent to 100,000
people each day. Asian cities provide over 80% of the region’s gross domestic product, and will be
the pivot for Asia’s future growth.
As cities become more affluent and populated, they demand more resource-intensive diets and
processed foods, more water, more energy, and better housing.
Asian cities account for up to 80% of Asian countries’ energy consumption and 75%
of their carbon emissions
As mentioned earlier, food demand by the urban middle class can rise as much as.
163% between 2009 to 2050
Additional infrastructure is needed to supply more than 6 million liters of potable water.
Cities are where we should be thinking of the energy-water-food nexus. Business-as- usual
(BAU) approach will not be sustainable.
Dealing with the nexus in the cities will require integrated urban development projects. ADB has
done some.
The Xinjiang Integrated Urban Development Project includes the reuse of treated
wastewater, which will diversify the city’s water sources and allow the use of increasingly
scarce potable water for only essential domestic purposes.
The Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project combines both urban
water infrastructure with flood risk resilience with a view to achieving competitive, green, and
inclusive city development.
The Surat Wastewater Recycling Project (India) focused on treating municipal
wastewater to tertiary level to deliver water of sufficient quantity and quality for a nearby
textile industry. Thus, industrial water security was delivered without use of precious potable
water.
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United Nations Economic and Social Affairs. 2014. World Urbanization Prospects.
Let me close this section by saying for cities to be able to manage the Water-Food- Energy
Nexus, they will need to be smart cities.
-
Use of sustainable resources
-
3R Green Cities
-
Water is not a one-time use commodity (use/reuse)
-
Energy efficiency
-
Use of technology
-
Resilience
-
Cities are where people live and work
-
Cities as an ecosystem
Second, on energy systems. We need to improve the energy and water use ef ciency. Water is
required to produce nearly all forms of energy. For primary fuels, water is used in resource
extraction, irrigation of biofuels feedstock crops, fuel refining and processing, and transport. In
power generation, water provides cooling and other process-related needs at thermal power
plants. Hydropower facilities harness its movement for electricity production. Additionally, they
can have adverse effects on water quality via contamination by fluids that contain pollutants or
physical alteration of the natural environment.
At the same time, there are energy requirements for supplying and treating water. Electricity
is needed to power pumps that extract, transport, distribute and collect water. Water treatment
processes require electricity and, sometimes, heat. Desalination, a process that removes salt from
water, is the most energy-intensive and expensive option for treating water.
Saving “drops” of water means reducing “watts” requirement. We also need to think of how to
apply technology to use energy in food production more efficiently and adopting water efficient
practices and technologies (including solar irrigation pumps) offer significant opportunities to
revitalize agriculture in Asia to a more sustainable paradigm.
Using wastewater (through anaerobic digestion) and solid waste (through waste to energy
incinerators) for energy production require greater application in Asia. Let me give you some
examples of projects that address the water-energy projects.
“
Less water use means moving and treating less water, which helps reduce the strain on our
water supplies as well as reducing energy requirements for delivering water and waste
water services.
”
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ADB provided a $200 million loan to PRC Everbright Int. Ltd. to build and operate a series of
WTE plants with clean technologies in secondary cities in the PRC. These are model plants
reducing municipal solid waste volumes by 90% and eliminate methane gas emissions from
the treatment process. They also use advanced flue gas emission control to meet the
world’s most stringent standards. By substituting the incineration of municipal solid waste
for fossil fuel combustion and avoiding methane, it reduces GHG emissions and contributes
to climate change mitigation.
ADB’s first private sector loan to Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited supports
wastewater re-use in PRC. Under this project, through wastewater re-use, a reliable new
source of water for industry and urban environment use. To meet the reuse standards,
wastewater treatment process further needs additional 25%–35% electricity. For the reuse
project to succeed and for the municipalities to cope with their rapid water and energy
demand growth, efficient energy conservation is an indispensable prerequisite.
Third, on agriculture and land use, I see four important items.
One, we need to think the effectiveness of reducing food waste. A large inefficiency exists
in the food supply system today, and its reduction presents an opportunity. About 30% of all food
produced in the world is lost or wasted. If 1/2 of the loss and waste can be avoided, the food
demand-supply gap in 2050 would be reduced by 20%11.
Transforming the entire food system, from farm to fork, into “resource-lean structure” is
critical for sustainability.
Two, we need to change the food-basket and diversity in consumption. The majority of the
global population now residing in cities and having increased purchasing power, demands more
animal products and other high-value foods. This is taking place particularly in China and India.
The high quality food market in China, India and five other top seven Asian economics has
grown to $280 billion in 2013, and expects to further grow into a $500 billion market in 2018.
Global animal protein consumption has more than doubled since 1970, and is estimated to
increase by 60 percent by 2030, accelerating the demand growth for grains as feed as well as food.
Most important, as I have mentioned earlier, we need to shift towards affordable and
nutritious food.
Three, we need to think of the agriculture transition and the role of technology. Existing food
supply system in developing countries is characterized as the small size of agricultural
landholding, low productivity, and huge losses in the food chain from farm to consumer. We
need to produce more food with less water and energy – hence the role of technology. We also
need to increase yields per hectare.
“
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Irrigation for small plots is expensive and inherently inefficient in the use of land and water.
Thus, some forms of aggregation of small farms appear necessary for drastic efficiency
improvement of the system.
”
An estimate of the World Resource Institute.
Fragmentation in farmlands is also an issue. In Asia, smallholder farmers are the major
players. Almost 90% of the farm holdings are less than 2 hectares, and their farming area
accounts for 54% of the total. The problem is that irrigation for small plots is expensive and
inherently inefficient in the use of land and water. Thus, some forms of aggregation of small
farms appear necessary for drastic efficiency improvement of the system.
Successful adoption of modern agricultural technologies also requires an aggregation of small
farms. If many smallholder farmers can be effectively aggregated through an equitable
institutional arrangement, they would be able to access and benefit from emerging business
opportunities in urban markets and can make business out of agriculture, not just subsistence.
Smart technologies for agriculture as well as modern institutional and logistical development
are key in this regard. Such technologies can pave an inclusive and environmentally sustainable
growth pathway while meeting the future food demand.
Four, we also need to think of a new business model for agriculture is re uired. Private
investments are the major players in the existing food supply system, and their current business
models in Asia are obviously not sustainable. The environmental and social costs of natural
resource depletion and pollution in Asia amounted to $3.7 trillion in 2010. We need to look our
agriculture as a business instead of subsistence.
We also need to focus on building regional value chains to generate more value addition.
Part VII. The Nexus, Climate Change and Natural Disasters
When we discuss the nexus, it should always be in the context of climate change and disasters.
Let me give few words on this. The climate change will introduce large uncertainly in conditions
for growing food and water supplies, leading to insecurity of supply and volatility in food prices and
impacts on hydro energy. Climate change will worsen the outlook for the availability of critical
natural resources, and is likely to intensify the severity of existing weather patterns, with wet areas
getting wetter and dry and arid areas becoming more so.
Moreover, managing the nexus is also complicated by the natural disasters. We have seen the increasing frequency, intensity and impact of climate change and natural disasters. Recent research
shows that of 100 global cities, more than half are in Asia. 21 of these are in the Philippines.
Disaster losses have been rising more rapidly than the region has been expanding economically. In
sum, for us to be able to address the nexus, we need to think about (i) how to build new climate
resilient infrastructure; and (ii) how to climate-proof existing ones.
“
To address the nexus, we need to think about how to build new climate resilient
infrastructure and how to climate-proof existing ones
”
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Part VIII. Concluding Message
Let me close by saying that the challenges of the Water-Food-Energy nexus remains great. For
one, we face institutional difficulties with governments as well as the need for an increased role
of science and technology.
There are separate ministries handling water, food, energy, climate change and disaster
issues. Hence, the tendency to address nexus issues in a fragmented manner. In the absence of
cross-cutting and integrated discussions, planning is difficult.
At ADB, we had faced the same issue. Our departments are structured in a sector manner that
sector issues are not addressed in a coordinated manner. Today, we have move towards a
One-ADB Approach that enables us to handle cross-sectoral issues better. We have reformed our
Communities of Practices to Sector and Thematic Groups that are able to do cross-cutting work.
But ADB alone cannot do it. We will need to work with you, the science and technology
community. Urbanization, nutrition diversification, climate and energy transition are causing
equilibrium shifts in natural resource markets in the world, and we need to address water, food
and energy nexus challenge with good understanding of such major transitional forces at work.
And, you in the science community can make a significant contribution to this.
Thank you.
“
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In the absence of cross-cutting and integrated discussions, planning is difficult.
”
INTRODUCTION TO T E PLENARY SPEA ER
Dr. Leslie E. Bauzon
Chair, Social Sciences Division
It is my honor and pleasure to introduce to you our other distinguished plenary speaker on the important theme for today’s
82nd NRCP General Membership Assembly and Scientific Conference. He will speak on the topic “The Socio-Economic and
Ethical Implications of the Water-Food-Energy Nexus.” Dr. Gilberto M. Llanto, Ph.D., is presently the President of the
Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), the economic think-tank of the Philippine Government. His areas of expertise are Money and Banking, Public Finance, and International Trade. He holds an M.A. and a Ph.D. in Economics from the
University of the Philippines (UP). Prior to his entrance to UP, he attended the M.S. Economics Program of
the Asian Social Institute (ASI).
Dr. Llanto has been a Board Member of CARD Rural Bank since March 2003 and served as its Board Adviser from 1997 to March 2003. As a professional economist, he has held various executive and technical
(research) positions at the National Tax Research Center of the Department of Finance; Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines); the Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Credit Policy Council and recently, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). He was previously a member
of the Board of Directors of the Philippine Economic Zone Authority, the Guarantee Fund for Small and
Medium Enterprises (now, the Small Business Guarantee and Credit Corporation) and the Philippine Crop
Insurance Corporation (representing the Secretary of Agriculture). He was a founding member of the
Microfinance Council of the Philippines (MCPI) in 1999. He is a member of the Philippine Economic
Society, serving it as President in 2004.
In the past 18 years, he has been a consultant on financial markets, microfinance, public finance and
public economics to international organizations such as the World Bank (IBRD), Asian Development Bank
(ADB), U.S. Agency for International Development, International Labor Organization (ILO), International
Development and Research Centre (IDRC), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO),
United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) and the Japan Economic Research Institute, among others. Being a research and policy analyst and international consultant, he has work and work-related exposure/experiences in the following
countries: Japan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia, Singapore, Hong Kong,
South Korea, Sri Lanka, Guatemala, Peru, Bolivia, Canada, Australia, United States of America, France,
Netherlands and Germany.
He has authored, co-authored, edited and published various papers and studies in fiscal and monetary
policy, agricultural and rural finance, microfinance, local government finance, and public economics. To
name a few, “Risk-Based Supervision of Banks Involved in Microfinance,” “The Role of Government in
Microfinance,” “Philippine Credit Policy and Microfinance Institutions: Some Lessons from the Latin American Experience,” and “The Role of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas in Microfinance.”
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He is a holder of the Ph.D. degree in Economics and a Master of Arts in Economics from UP Diliman. Our
speaker is a former seminarian who earned his A.B. Philosophy degree at St. Francis Seminary in Davao
City, making him perfectly qualified to speak on the ethical implications of our theme today.
Dr. Gilberto M. Llanto is truly an exceptionally brilliant and competent person to talk about this topic. He
has outstanding powers of thought and analysis, and a firm grasp of his subject matter. He has a unique
ability to relate one event with another, and the capacity to relate his field of economics with political
science, public administration and other academic disciplines in the social sciences and philosophy. From the time I first met Dr. Llanto as my colleague at the University of the Philippines in Diliman and in
the Philippine Social Sciences Council in Quezon City, I have been impressed with his commitment to
the world of the intellect, the world of culture and civilization, the world of continuing dialogue with other
minds, of scientific method and discovery, of ideas and literature and art, because these constitute the
real world -- the most enduring of the real worlds that we know.
As a teacher, scholar and administrator Dr. Llanto has committed himself toward helping people around
him make this world as their very own, and to make his colleagues look beyond their particular role and
see how the issues of this world link to the other world around us. He helps his fellow academics to
master the new and to balance the new against the old.
I am pleased to say that Dr. Llanto has played a crucial role in providing his fellow scholars a perspective
designed to equip them to live their private and social existence in a meaningful way.
He has helped develop the powers of everyone around him for expanded appreciation and thoughtfulness, discriminating judgment, seeing relationships, and having a life and sharing it in ways that go beyond life’s most narrow confines.
These powers that we all possess are in turn relevant to the ultimate objectives of our private and social
existence and to the improvement of our human society.
I believe that Dr. Llanto is imbuing into the minds of his fellow academics who read his writings that they
live within a larger framework which extends before them and beyond them, beyond their particular lives
and time, and their particular choices. This introduction for Dr. Llanto is a reminder that the learning that we derive from him as a scholar is not
a compartment but a dimension of our existence, and hence, of the reality of things.
Dr. Llanto is committed to continue providing his colleagues and fellow human beings with the liberating
experience of quality scholarship. This passion for scholarship that he wishes to impart to his readers
via his publications at the Philippine Institute for Development Studies and elsewhere is free from the
constraints of prejudice and unexamined assumptions. Dr. Llanto will continue to foster the freedom to
choose, to define values and purposes and follow them freely, the freedom to follow the imperatives of
our own natures, and our own principles.
13
Above all, Dr. Llanto nurtures that conception of liberation which has something to do with the sense of
connectedness of things. This in turn has to do with going beyond narrow present-mindedness, so that
we, his fellow scholars will have the power to deal not only with the present world but also with the world
that is still unfolding as we face the future.
Because I respect Dr. Llanto so much, and because I know he will contribute to the academic excellence
of our 82nd NRCP General Membership Assembly and Scientific Conference, I have no hesitation whatsoever in presenting him to speak today on a topic of vital concern to us entitled “The Socio-Economic and
Ethical Implications of the Water-Food-Energy Nexus.” Thank you very much for your time and attention.
With all my best wishes to each of you always.
14
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ET ICAL IMPLICATIONS OF T E
WFE NEXUS
President
Plenary Speaker
This morning I would like to give insights on the
policy and ethical implications of the water, food, and
energy nexus, WFE for short.
My presentation is divided into five parts:
I.
WFE Nexus
II.
Importance of Nexus Approach to WFE
III.
WFE in the Philippines
IV.
Policy and ethical implications
V.
Moving forward
I will focus mostly on the implications, especially on ethical side, and I will leave you with a few
recommendations.
Part I. Recent Perception about Resource Scarcity
 New Resource Realism - the perception that “re-drives” the WFE concept
First Aspect: Lack of undeveloped resource zones and preserves
a. There is a global race for critical materials in the Arctic, the deep seas, and the other
resource frontiers. And the race for what is left is described by a prominent security expert
named Michael T. Klare, and I quote him, “presents a new stage in humanity’s persistent
hunt for critical materials.”
b. The second point is seemingly the desire for raw materials to feed rapidly growing
economies and rapidly growing consumerism in the world. These are familiar issues to us.
c. On the other hand, there is also an antithesis, and it says that some societies are in search
for low-carbon society. Example is Japan, with its decision to minimize carbon dioxide
emissions, shifting from a mass consumption to a society with simpler needs and
maintaining the environment—same ideas and concepts we subscribe to and echoed in this
conference.
1
15
Topic introduction truncated for presentation purposes..
Second Aspect: Technical, social and environmental challenges on the exploitation of new
resources in remote and marginal areas
Such that the cost of bringing those resources from under the ground has cost society so much.
Third Aspect: Unprecedented demand for more and new natural resources
Arising from rapid economic growth in China, India, and other countries and now an estimated 3
billion middle class consumers expected to emerge the next two decades. People from the growing
middle class will be demanding new phones, smart phones laptops, cars, among others.
Fourth Aspect: Interconnectedness of Price Volatilities
From 2007 to 2008, food prices rose sharply with dire consequences. The oil price hike in 2008 had
similar effects. The World Bank stated that in the second half of 2010, the rise in food prices has
driven 44 million people into poverty. The tension between rising food prices, on the one hand, and
the global shift in the production of biofuels on the other, demonstrate the interconnectedness of
food and energy sectors.
Fifth Aspect: Broadening of actors in governing resources beyond traditional governments in
managing resources
The private sector, the civil society, and other stakeholders have influenced public policy,
especially public policies touching water, food, energy, and other critical resources.
Definition of concepts:
Food Security
The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing “when all people at all times have
access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life”.
Water Security
Water security involves sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for
sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection against water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a
climate of peace and political stability. (UN-WATER).
“
On the demand side, the security of water, food, and energy has remained a challenge locally
and globally.
”
16
Energy Security
Energy security is an umbrella term that covers many concerns linking energy, economic growth
and political power (e.g. security of infrastructure, prices, supply diversity, investment regimes,
security margin, risks of terrorism and war, security of supply, security of revenue, access to new
reserves, energy as a weapon).
All are driven by rising demands and perceptions of growing scarcities in these resources.
Meanwhile, on the demand side, the security of water, food, and energy has remained a challenge
locally and globally. Security of water, energy and food supplies remain far from being achieved
globally .
Some STATISTICS in the Global Scene include:
 0.9 billion are without adequate access to water for their basic needs and for many more
the water is not safe for consumption
 2.6 million lack access to safe sanitation
 Almost 1 billion are undernourished
 At least 1.5 billion are without access to modern forms of energy
17
Part II. Importance of Nexus Approach to WFE
So, we talk of plenty, we talk of consumerism, the mass drive to look for more resources, to produce
more and more, and yet we have this situation. There are ethical implications in the actions of policy
makers and us social scientists and economists in the society.
Figure 1. Diagram: The Water-Food-Energy Nexus and its Drivers.
Source: UNESCAP (2013); FAO (2014) – figure
Hoff (2011) estimated that by 2050, there will be 70 percent increase in demand for food and 40
percent increase in demand for energy. By 2030, people will face a 40 percent water supply
shortage.
18
ADB also warned us about the looming water crisis, which looms over even our water-rich Philippines. Shown is a rather complicated diagram, which I will not discuss in detail, but only to show
you that things are interconnected.
So why the nexus approach?
Because as discussed by Dr. Lohani earlier, the use of one resource affects the systems of the
other resources, it is therefore necessary to look into these systems in an integrated manner, i.e.,
the Nexus Approach. This is to stress the idea that social scientists and other scientists all over the
world are concerned with scarcities of water, food, and energy and how people can have access to
it. Current discourse also points to the impact of risks related to failure of management of WFE in
a responsible integrated manner.
A brief run-down of impacts:
Figure 2. Direct and Indirect Impacts of Failure of Integrated WFE Management
Overall, it’s not an easy life; it does not sound good. There will be insecurities that will affect
economic growth, and these will drive social instability.
“
Social scientists and scientists all over the world are concerned with scarcities of water, food,
and energy … Current discourse also points to the impact of risks related to failure of
management of WFE in a responsible integrated manner.
19
”
So, again, why do we need to think of these along a nexus approach?
“A Nexus approach helps us to better understand the complex and dynamic interrelationships
between water, energy and food, so that we can use and manage our limited resources sustainably.
It forces us to think of the impacts a decision in one sector can have not only on that sector but on
others. Anticipating potential trade-offs and synergies, we can then design, appraise and prioritise
response options that are viable across different sectors.” (FAO 2014)
And economists are always fond of speaking about trade-offs. We cannot have one, and at the
same time, have the other. There will be trade-offs; we have to choose, and choosing will have
distributional consequences, which I will discuss later down this presentation.
Part III. WFE in the Philippines
Water Security in the Philippines
 In 2013, the ADB warned the Philippines of a looming water crisis
 Need to improve management of water supply and sanitation
Check website of Philippine Statistics Authority to find out just how many people do not
have access to level three water, meaning “water connected to the pipe.”
 Philippines, together with Vietnam, ranked the lowest among ASEAN countries in terms of
urban water security in the National Water Security Index.
 It also ranked second to the bottom in terms of water security. The ranking was based on
the following factors: household, economic, urban and environment, water security, and
resilience to water disasters.
Food Security in the Philippines
 The agriculture sector’s share in the country’s GDP remained at 10.4 percent in 2013.
The irony is that Philippine poverty, as you know, is a rural phenomenon. Economic
opportunities are quite limited for people in the rural areas
 One-third of the labor force depends on that relatively small share in GDP.
Reyes et al (2012) showed that poverty incidence among agri-dependent households was
57 percent in 2009, while that of non-agri households was only 17 percent.
“
The Philippines, together with Vietnam, ranked the lowest among ASEAN countries in
terms of urban water security in the National Water Security Index.
”
20
 Philippine Development Plan speaks about “competitive and sustainable agriculture and
fisheries sector” in order to attain inclusive growth and poverty reduction. Goals: (1)Food
Security Improved and Incomes Increased; (2) Sector Resilience to Climate Change Risks
Increased; and (3) Policy Environment and Governance Enhanced.
 Inclusive growth means enabling the majority population to participate in the gains of economic
growth. Currently, they don’t feel it. Dr. Mangahas reported about the appalling statistics on hunger.
But the question is, are we doing anything about it?
 One of the strategies was to adopt ecosystem-based approaches, conservation efforts, and
sustainable environment and natural resources-based economic activities
Energy Security in the Philippines
 Popular media reports
 Impending power shortage (i.e. red alert) in the summer of 2015. Some power
blackouts experienced in Luzon in 2014. [Note: recent rapid economic growth]
 Luzon on yellow alert five times from January to June 2014 and three times on red
alert from May to June 2014.
 Based on the Luzon 2014-2016 supply-demand outlook presented by Sec. Petilla, the
Department of Energy will issue the following this year (2015):

Yellow alert in mid-March

Red alert in the entire month of April
 Adverse impact of natural disasters, e.g., Typhoon Glenda aggravated the blackouts in July
2014 affecting about 500,000 Meralco customers.
 Malampaya natural gas facility is expected to undergo a maintenance shutdown from
March 15, 2015.
WFE Projects
At least in the Philippines, we are starting to think along the nexus approach, for example:
 Two cities in the Philippines are currently part of the ongoing project, “Integrated Resource
Management in Asian Cities: the Urban Nexus”

“
21
Commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperative and
Development (BMZ)
Inclusive growth means enabling the majority population to participate in the gains of
economic growth.
”

Covers cities in China, Indonesia, Mongolia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Philippines (i.e.
Naga City with approx. 180,000 inhabitants; Sta. Rosa with approx. 330,000 inhabitants)

Started last April 19, 2013 and will end in December 31, 2015.

Objective: Develop and implement a nexus-compliant integrated resource management
approach among covered Asian cities. This involves water supply and sanitation
systems, energy supply and energy efficiency, and land use and food security. Also, this
project will promote exchange of knowledge and experiences and cooperation between
public, private and CSO regarding nexus initiatives.
 Last February 6, 2014, the Philippines hosted a forum, “Shell Powering Progress Together”
which covered presentations and discussions on energy, water, and food interdependency.

Attended by representatives from the private sector, government, and CSOs.

Emphasized the need for more cooperation among the stakeholders

Final consensus: the need for urgent and appropriate action which may require
difficult political decisions and actions
The Case of Angat Dam: Multipurpose Dam
Figure 3. Current Allocation System of Angat Dam
22
Figure 4. Efficient Surface Water Allocation based on Tietenberg and Lewis (2011)

Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) which serves about 90% of
population in Metro Manila

Irrigating 28,000 ha. of farmland in Bulacan and Pampanga through Angat-Maasim River
Irrigation System (AMRIS) –NIA, i.e., competing uses

Power generation

Flood control
But are we sure that the poor get enough water? We may be allocating water efficiently, manage
our resources, but what about distribution, the issue of equity? Who gets what, who gets most, and
who gets the least?
23
Some issues that affect efficient allocation
1. Reliance on Government Fiat: “Command and Control” System
 The Philippine Water Code (Presidential Decree 1067 of 1976) provides policies on
competing water use:
a. Prioritization scheme of the government when priority in time of appropriation from a
certain source of supply cannot be determined:
1. domestic and municipal use
2. irrigation
3. power generation
4. fisheries
5. livestock raising
6. industrial use
7. other uses
b. Priorities may be altered on grounds of greater beneficial use, multipurpose use, and
other similar grounds, subject to payment of compensation in proper cases (Art. 23).
This entails allocating more water to Metro Manila and urban consumers, and that will
probably mean less water for farmlands. And with less water for farmlands, we get smaller
crop production, and power generation is also affected. And so, you get this kind of tension,
and what do we do to balance for these competing needs? What will be the rule, the
calculus?
c. Water rights may be leased or transferred in whole or in part but for the most part there
is fixed water allocation.
 Fixed water allocation per sector as set by the National Water Resources Board.
2. Irrigation service fees
“The irrigation service fee (ISF) is charged by NIA from the beneficiaries in national systems as
payment for the services rendered in the delivery of water.” (NIA website)
“Rates for pump systems are higher as the cost of power for pump operation is included in the
computation (of ISF rates).” [ENERGY]
24
“NIA has been authorized to impose charges to generate revenues sufficient to cover only O&M
costs of such facilities and to recover within a period not longer than 50 years, the monies initially
invested in such facilities; provided that such charges shall not impair the user’s incentive to avail
of the benefits from irrigation and provided further, that such charges are within the beneficiaries’
capacity to pay.” (NIA website)
Scarcity value due to the water’s competing uses is not taken into account.
Possible causes of inefficiency in the allocation of water in the ngat Dam:
 The Code’s prioritization scheme (in times of uncertainty)
 Fixed water allocation to each sector (rule curve)
 No clear guidelines for compensating affected sectors when water rights are reallocated to
other users (David and Tabios, 2004)
Indeed, we have a prioritization scheme, which we need in times of uncertainty, but we have
a fixed water allocation to each sector and there are no clear guidelines for compensating
affected sectors when water rights are reallocated to other uses.
In other parts of the world they talk of water [unintelligible] rights. “You can use my water if
you are a farmer but you have to compensate me.” Here, people have been talking about
it—compensating losers—to put him in sort of a comfortable situation (sic), but then what
do we really do? Are there compensating mechanisms? In 2004, Cristina David of PIDS and
Guillermo Tabios, a foremost hydrologist, said we don’t have compensating mechanisms,
and therefore, they sense some inefficiency in local water allocation.
 Inefficient maintenance of water facilities resulting to water scarcity (e.g. leakages) in Metro
Manila
BIOFUELS
If we devote more lands to grow crops to be converted to biofuels, then that would mean taking
away food from the table. And there are distributional inequity implications.
The Biofuels Act of
Aims to:
a. Reduce dependence on imported fuels
b. Mitigate toxic and greenhouse gas emission
c.
25
Increase rural incomes
Most important provisions:
1. For bioethanol:
a. By 2009, bioethanol should account for at least 5% of the total volume of gasoline fuel
sold by every oil company;
b. By 2010, the mandatory minimum blend for all gasoline fuel to be raised to 10%, as
recommended by the NBB.
2. For biodiesel:
a. All diesel engine fuels should contain at least 1% biodiesel by volume; by 2009, biodiesel
content increases to 2%, as recommended by the NBB.
Now this has driven this. You invest, because we need more power, we need to win ourselves away from oil. One advice was “why don’t we tap biofuels?”
This entails growing corn, sugar, or soybean, and converts these into fuel, and therefore this
invites investments. So when you invest, you would have to devote thousands of hectares.
It’s been a question of choice weighed in by society—what do we need? Maybe the solution
is a simpler mass, simpler life, lesser consumerism, but that’s something for us to decide
as society. If we need more smart phones, more LEDs, TV sets, more air-conditioning, we
have to pay the price, and the price is driving resources to scarcity, and probably depriving
other people of use of resources, simply because access to these resources and access to
goods are not distributed in an equitable manner.
Issues on Biofuels
CASE 1: San Carlos Bioenergy Inc.
 Annual Rated Capacity: 30,000,000 L; Location: San Carlos EcozoneBrgy. Palampas&
PunaoSan Carlos City, Negros Occidental
 Profile: Incorporated in May 2005 to construct, own, and operate an integrated ethanol
distillery and power cogeneration plant located in the San Carlos Agro-Industrial
Economic Zone on the eastern coast of Negros Occidental
 the first in the Philippines and the Southeast Asian region
 has the capacity to mill 1,500 TCD of sugarcane to produce 30M liters of ethanol
26
But producing ethanol creates problems to the environment:

2010: Experienced a temporary shutdown - product price was below cost since Brazilian
ethanol was coming in at 10% tariff; the company was losing money at PHP15 million
a month

2011: Reopened since there was a declining demand for sugar build up of excess sugar
stocks

April 2014: Notice of violation issued on SCBI for the failure of its treated water to meet
DENR standards
o

Public demand to address foul odor and pollution caused by the production of
bioethanol
June 2014: SCBI no longer emits foul odor
o
May 2014: Dumping of barged-out waste water from the SCBI was opposed by
Negros Occidental Governor Alfredo Marañon Jr.

SCBI has already improved its treatment process by doubling the
enzymes it is using to process its waste

As a result, the SCBI has not been operating at full capacity; still finding
long-term solutions
June 2014: Barging out of water was later on approved by the DENR but only as a temporary, stop-gap
measure while SCBI is still installing additional anaerobic digesters to control the foul odor
CASE : Food v. Fuel Issue. Case of the Philippines (Cabanilla, L. and U. Rodriguez,
)
Notable findings using a CGE model (suga cane and coconut as feedstock):

Relatively large increases of GVA in Agriculture sector primarily due to the expansion of the
sectors (coconut and sugar) that produce required feedstock

Total employment in agriculture also increases (coconut and sugar)

However, there is “perceptible decline” in the value added of rice and corn“Due to the change
in relative prices, variable inputs tend to move towards the production of biofuels feedstock”

Household income tend to increase
“
27
Food or fuel?
Is there a middle ground?
”
“
Causes of “Silo Thinking” are lack of understanding and knowledge …failure to coordinate
policies…and lack of local studies by scientists, exploring the benefits and costs of looking at
WFE as a nexus
SUMMARY
”
 WFE approach initiatives are still very limited in the Philippines
 To date, “silo thinking” pervades the whole governmental structure and is seen in the way we
regulate our resources
 The three crucial resources are still being managed as separate or mutually exclusive systems.
Agencies tasked to manage these resources:

Water: National Water Resources Board (NWRB), Local Water Utilities Administration
(LWUA), local government unit s (LGUs); they decide solely on water use, maybe in
consultation with government committees

Energy: Department of Energy (DOE)

Food: National Food Authority (NFA), Department of Agriculture (DA)
 There are many causes of “silo” thinking:

Lack of understanding and knowledge on the tight interconnectedness of water, food,
and energy; failure to coordinate policies

Lack of local studies by us, scientists, exploring the benefits and costs of looking at
WFE as a nexus
Government agencies do not necessarily talk or consult with each other when considering policy
actions for their respective sectors. So when an individual wants to invest in the production of
bioenthanol, he will need to consult with DA because, as stated earlier, this can take away food from
the table; that is to say, we will import more rice, more corn, simply because we allow the farmlands
to be used for production of biofuels.
Part IV. Policy and Ethical Implications
These are the Policy and Ethical Implications of a nexus approach to WFE:
 Discourse on WFE nexus can be framed in competition, conflict, collaboration and
compromise.
 How we manage the WFE nexus will have distributional consequences.
 Most affected by the lack of an integrated and interlinked approach [‘nexus’] are low income
communities; generally poor people.
28
“
The object of development is the human person
”
Figure 10. WFE Nexus as Economic and Environmental Strategy
A nexus assessment of WFE treats them a part of an interconnected ecosystem wherein
policy levers are directed to the welfare of human beings and sustainable environment. So,
the object of all of these, or the object of development, is the human person.
Figure11. “Understanding Nexus Implementation”
29
 Each resource user has specific rights and responsibilities, but decision making powers
may not be shared. Instead, those powers could be concentrated in a few vested groups.
But sometimes, the policy makers forget about that. It is important to remember that while each
resource user has specific rights and responsibilities, decision-making powers affecting WFE may
not be shared across such users. Instead, those powers could be concentrated in a national or
central government or in a local government, where a few vested groups have access.
 Thus, trade-offs and compensatory mechanisms
It is also important to remind ourselves of trade-offs in policy decisions, and the need to devise
compensatory mechanisms in the interest of equity and fair play, which includes:
 Incentives to motivate behavior, finding common ground, weighing societal costs and
benefits
 Better power sharing, collaboration, co-management arrangements in the future.
The right incentives to motivate right behavior of various stakeholders, for example,
politicians, finding common ground and weigh in societal benefits [unintelligible] to
policies are challenges laid at the science, research, and policy communities.
 For instance, a regime of tradable rights and permits [e.g., license to extract] between
local communities and other resource users.
A better understanding of the WFE ecosystem through research and studies by the
science research community will lead to better power sharing and more efficient and
equitable collaboration and co-management in the ecosystem.
Framework for Ethical Decisions
Someone said I have to speak about a framework on ethical decisions—a very difficult subject; I
am not an ethicist. So I quickly looked over my old philosophy notes, and I cannot discuss these in
detail. But I believe there are five standards:
Policy decisions governing youth, management and conservation of resources has distributional
consequences and thus, they have deep ethical implications. This implies the need for ethical
standards in public policies and actions and a framework for making ethical decisions.
30
But what ethical standards could inform an ethical decision-making framework, the literature
identifies at least five different sources of ethical standards that may be used to evaluate policy
options or courses of actions. The literature, by the way, tried to abstract from religion, culture,
and other influences, and we just started to see what is inside a human heart that would help him
to make ethical decisions. Those standards may be comprehended by way of answering the five
questions:
1. Which policy option will produce the most good and do the least harm? (Utilitarian
Approach)
2. What would be the consequence of your actions? Your action to do more biofuels and less
food production (Consequentialist Approach)
3. Which policy option best respects the rights of all to have a say? Someone who thinks along
this line thinks in terms of “rights” (Duty Framework)
4. Which policy option treats people equally or proportionately, or what is the just approach?
(Virtue Framework)
5. Which policy option best serves the community as a whole, not just some members, but the
good for the greater whole or the majority? Which policy options lead us to act the sort of
persons we want to be? (Virtue Framework)
Part V. Moving Forward
Moving forward, RECOMMENDATIONS include:
 Consider adopting Nexus thinking toward management of WFE.
 Conduct interdisciplinary empirical studies on WFE nexus.
 Support the research and science community with substantial research budgets.
 Review the current structure, roles and functions of regulatory agencies overseeing water,
food and energy in the light of a nexus approach.
 Educate communities on nexus thinking.
 Educate policy makers on the policy and ethical implications of WFE nexus.
 Encourage public-private sector partnerships to deal with WFE as an interlinked system.
31
PLENARY OPEN FORUM
37
PLENARY OPEN FORUM1
Plenary speakers addressing questions raised during the Open Forum. From left: Dr. Uriarte. Dr. Lohani, Dr. Llanto,
and Dr. Sia.
Dr. Christina A. Binag:
I would just like everyone to note slight changes in our program, I would like
to let you know that the election proper, the casting of votes will be at 1:00
PM to 2:30, the closing of precincts will be at 2:30, the tallying of votes will
follow. And finally, the announcements of official election results will be at
5:30 this afternoon.
Now we go to our Open Forum. To keep our discussion organized and
maintain sobriety, may I call on the moderator for the plenary session Q&A
and Open Forum, NRCP Corporate Secretary and Chair of Division XIII, Dr.
Mildred Padilla.
Dr. Mildred A. Padilla (MAP): Good afternoon, how are you doing? We still have time to ask questions to
our esteemed brother Gilberto Llanto and also Dr. Lohani. So we will be
entertaining two to three questions from our esteemed audience, those with
great minds and outstanding thoughts, just like our speakers. When you ask
questions, please state your name and your institution, and to whom you are
addressing your question. So, we can now entertain questions, yes please?
Can you come forward to the microphone?
1
33
Direct Transcription
Dr. Antonio F. Mateo:
This is a question for Dr. Lohani. First I am Dr. Antonio F. Mateo. I am an
educator, an engineering consultant, and an inventor, and a member of
NRCP Division VII. I am a senior citizen older by one year to Dr. Llanto. I
have two related questions to Dr. Lohani, specially directed to the subject
of water. First, let me thank Dr. Lohani for the additional information on the
global perspective of water, food, and energy which can be included in my
continuing R&D works and lecture presentation on the topic Creative Engineering Interventions for Climate Change, Water Shortages, and Disasters.
My question therefore will concentrate on water, since in the last 25 years,
water harvesting is the subject of my R&D and usage (sic). In fact, in 2008,
after food development (sic) with the help of Dr. Arrizabal (?) here, DOST
Secretary Alabastro. Food development of the innovative rain water
harvesting, we are for the past seven years, one hundred percent rain water
potable water sustainable (sic). I have taken notes of the statistic in water
security by Dr. Lohani, and the issues and data of Dr. Bauzon, which
complement my research on the water Philippine issues (sic). I got
interested a decade ago when the world water statistics situations rebuilt
at 1.4 billion people will not have a safe access to water. Seven million die
yearly due to water-borne diseases, 2.2 million of which are under five years
old. I just had a lecture in Caliraya yesterday; the Thompson-Reuters
Foundation had the banner headline. And I told this to the participants (sic),
“what kills more women than age and breast cancer”, and then the answer is
dirty water. Included in the article for the information of my fellow
researchers indicated that one in one hundred million women around the
world does not have access to clean water (sic). My apologies for the long
introduction, but I feel I need to contribute to the participants. Question
number one is “What specific major program or policies does ADB
implement to address these problems? Number two: how do our local
researchers, scientists and engineers, collaborate with ADB to implement
the interventions locally to at least reduce the inequilibrium (sic)—the
imbalance—between the source and the demand. That’s all, thank you very
much.
MAP:
Okay, let’s have another question; mamaya na po sasagutin lahat ni Dr.
Lohani. Please make your questions short and straight to the point, thank
you.
Dr. Rey dela Cruz:
Thank you Dr. Mildred. Very short, I am Rey dela Cruz, formerly from UP Los
Baños. My question is directed to both speakers. Seventy percent of the
world is sea water or ocean. In both papers, I have never heard any document or study to try to tap this resource. Thank you.
MAP:
Can we have another question so that our speakers can answer these in one
go later? One last question please.
34
Dr. ulian E. Abuso ( EA):
I am Julian Abuso from the Graduate School of the University of the East.
Simple question: Since the Mamasapano incident, we have had it for breakfast, for snack, for lunch, until dinner (sic). No the question is, that will not
make us, say, self-sufficient. How can NRCP bring this concern to the attention of people in the government? Are we doing it?
MAP:
Sir, is that question directed to our President?
[laughter]
EA:
No, this is a question for all of us.
MAP:
Okay, thank you. So, can we now have the answers? Oh, but we have one
more question from the floor.
Dr. Theta C. Ponce:
I am Theta C. Ponce from the University of Asia and the Pacific. I came late
because of the traffic, so I really don’t know what happened earlier. But my
question is also related to water supply. Are there any people here in the
Philippines or in the world who are inventing something so that the local
[unintelligible] will have the power to convert sea water, or flood water to
drinking water? Thank you.
MAP:
Thank you, Ma’am.
Dr. Bindu N. Lohani (BNL):
Thank you very much for these very interesting questions. First, thank you
very much for the comment from the first speaker (sic); there’s a lot of information there. He mentioned everything. I didn’t mention everything, but all I
said is we must make the best use of every drop of water. And that includes
the collection of rain water as well and if you come at Asian Development
Bank, we have been collecting rain water, and we also have been putting
solar panels. All of these are phenomena which are done in many countries
where water is deficit. My house in Nepal has rain water collection. I have
100 percent solar energy, although it is not as tropical as the Philippines, it is
doable.
So, your question, what is ADB doing? First, in the water side, there are what
Dr. Llanto, president of PIDS, calls “access issues.” Still there are so many
millions of people who don’t have access to water. But those areas where
there is access, we need to make efficient use of that water. I’ll give it an
example. Singapore has five percent loses from the distribution system;
we have much higher in the Philippines. Even Cambodia, even Phnom Penh
has 7 to 10 percent. In engineering, eight, nine, ten percent is okay. You can
have 30 percent non-revenue water. It does happen in some water utilities.
But other than building additional utilities, we need to tackle that. The disadvantage of having non-revenue water is not only that you’re losing water,
you are also getting these pollutants and therefore you cannot drink (sic).
35
The definition of when you say 1.4 billion people have no safe water, I think
the definition of safe water is very important. Most of the water we have
from the tap we cannot drink. Fortunately, we can drink Manila tap water
already, but I do remember a time when I cannot drink (sic). If we can make
these kind of water only not needed we would have a tremendous show of
[unintelligible]. So, with these policies [unintelligible], one is to encourage the
efficient use of water, so we make lots of investment in fixing the non-revenue water; reuse, recycle of water. It makes economic sense and sometimes
even at the cost of subsidy like Singapore. As you know in Singapore, water
that was used from the bathroom is reused again for drinking—it’s possible.
The only reason at the moment is not [unintelligible]. It is very expensive but
when it becomes deficit, it is a solution (sic). So, we are encouraging those,
too.
In agriculture water, in a country like India, 70 percent of the water usage is
for agriculture. And there is excessive use of water, more than what is
needed. [Unintelligible] there is no price of water. So the farmer pays more
water, more productivity, and then you will need more energy to pump it.
There will be more fertilizer, more pesticide.
So education is very, very important, how do you use education? We encourage those kinds of investments in many countries. And final point is,
the river basin, again, my colleague speaker mentioned about the multiple
uses of the water. They are really not tackled in most countries. The “river
basin thinking” because water has multiple uses it could be for energy, for
drinking in municipality, industries, so how do we do this optimal allocation
of water so that it can be used several times? Those kind of thinking are also
not being done.
So, we have a program called NABRO or Network of Asian River Basin Organizations. Those are the kind of work that we are doing. Our investment at
the moment is small, about two billion dollars a year, but we only take those
projects which can be scalable, which are innovative, and for countries to do
it further.
Now while I am speaking on this one, I did not mention “desalination.” Now
desalination is the most energy intensive and the most expensive option for
treating water. If we have no other options, yes. But when you’re bleeding
(sic) about 30 percent non-revenue water, why would like to have sea water
rather than fix the system. If you can collect rain water, why would you favor
sea water? It is very expensive, but some other countries are doing this in the
Middle East because they have no water—and they have lots of oil—subsidized oil. And even there they are mixing oil and solar energy to do this one. I
think with the technology that is rapidly changing, particularly in the
36
solar panel technology now, I’m hopeful that with the technological revolution that might take place someday, I hope desalination will be cost-effective, but we’re not there at the moment.
And the third question is for you, I guess. [motions to Dr. Llanto]
Dr. Gilberto M. Llanto:
I will just comment on how we can bring the WFE to government circles. I
think many of us are, one way or another, in government, I saw USec. Fortunato dela Peña; he’s been with DOST for quite a long while. I was with NEDA
as Deputy Director General a few years back. I think the way to bring this is to
make our collective voices better heard and also developing this critical collaboration with government committees. At PIDS, our great fortune is that
the Senate or Congress will call on us to comment on certain proposed bills.
So we have this kind of connection—connection is a bad word. We have this
kind of relationship—still a bad word.
[Laughter]
We are careful with words because words sometimes have negative connotation but what I’m trying to say is that we can do advocacy with the Senate
because they look at our study and they expect us to think more deeply on
certain issues but at the same token, this certain nexus thinking, we can
do more interdisciplinary studies and have these published, discussed, and
disseminated. In other words, educate the community, then government will
hear, will start to think along managing resources in a more integrated and
an interlinked manner. Thank you.
Dr. Filemon A. Uriarte, r.:
Yes, I believe the third question is directed to me, but also directed to all the
previous secretaries of the Department of Science and Technology [laughs].
Kidding aside, I think the question really was “how come the Mamasapano
incident is our breakfast, lunch, and dinner fare? Meaning, there is so much
publicity about these things but there seems to be no publicity at all with
what the NRCP is doing. But I think the question is really much bigger than
that. How come that science and technology is not given prominence. In
the case of the Philippines, the NRCP has over 3,800 members now and yet
I don’t know whether this conference will be at the headlines or at the front
page tomorrow of Inquirer [laughs].
As we used to have in the Manila Hotel, who also owns Bulletin [laughs]. But
unfortunately we were not able to hold it at Manila Hotel this year, and so, we
will not be in the Manila Bulletin tomorrow [laughs]. But every year, we used
to be in the Manila Bulletin.
To answer that question, which is very basic, which also was touched upon
by Dr. Llanto—and this has been a long-term issue. Just to cite you an
37
example—we were just discussing, Dr. Bindu Lohani mentioned this and I
think also Dr. Llanto—I was saying that in the case of Singapore, for example,
they have a Scientific Advisory Group or Board that is chaired by the Prime
Minister, like NEDA, which is chaired by the President of the Philippines. And
therefore, there are no large scale public projects or even public-private-partnership projects that will be implemented unless NEDA approves it. It’s
because the President chairs that (sic). But there is no equivalent in the case
of science and technology area; whereas in Singapore, the Prime Minister
himself and the Board that is composed of only, I think, about six different
ministers or six different departments, but at the same also very academic
(sic). And I was mentioning that one of the most prominent members of that
scientific advisory council of Singapore is Dr. Clayton M. Christensen, who
is the “Father of Disruptive Innovation,” and in addition to him, their CEOs of
very large corporations who are also members of that scientific advisory
council, plus scientists. We don’t have that. In the case of Korea, the Minister
of Science and Technology has the rank of Deputy Prime Minister. So, he is
both Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Science and Technology. And
my friend Nina (Dr. Estrella F. Alabastro) here, who was secretary of DOST
like me… the secretary of science and technology is considered a junior
Minister, unlike, for example, the Finance or the Public Works Secretary, and
so on (sic). Secretaries don’t have that same clout in the cabinet and we
have experienced that. So, this is a big issue and I don’t know whether there
will be an answer to that unless we start becoming a political force and we
start electing a president who will really value science and technology as
part of the development effort, which is true in the case of Korea, true in the
case of Singapore, and even now, Malaysia. Thailand also is beginning to
have that kind of an attitude that scientists are given prominence and are
consulted in as far as the policies of the government is concerned. Anyway,
I hope we have time for the forum, but something is on my mind right now
and Dr. Llanto and Dr. Lohani can answer this. We are talking of the water,
food, and energy nexus, of course. And what the government is actively
planning is the energy mix and many here know that. We have a government
policy and a plan on the energy mix in the Philippines how much could be
from coal, how much could be from geothermal, from biofuels, how much
from renewable energy sources because we have this [unintelligible] in tariff
system which encourages the planning. Only so much can be devoted to the
renewable energy like wind and solar. But in planning that, I don’t think that
the WFE nexus is being considered. There are other parameters being
considered and I was wondering what the academics as policy
researchers—not only physical research but also social and other areas
because NRCP has 13 different divisions. I was wondering whether there is
an area that we can look into, at least in as far as the planning of the energy
mix, because if you, say, devote mainly to hydroelectric power, you know that
38
when you put hydroelectric energy, it is one of the highest methane emitters
and then there is a very big effect on the water part, and there is also effect
in the food part (sic) because you lose agricultural land when you submerge
large areas of land. For example, the Mekong River, which is being developed
for very large hydropower, they will lose something like 40 percent of the fish
resources if they meet the target of about 12,000 mega watts of the
electricity we produce of out the river. Now, if you go to biofuels—it was
already mentioned—you lose agricultural land for energy. If you use solar
energy, per megawatt of solar energy, you lose one hectare approximately—
you need one hectare of land area in order to produce only one mega watt of
solar energy. So what I’m saying is that, these are just a few examples; I can
give you a lot more examples because I have looked into this sector. What
I’m saying is that if you look at the energy mix, there are implications on the
food sector, as well as implications in the water sector. I already mentioned
that biofuels are the highest consumer of water, when you raise biofuels
(sic). Not only that you lose land for food, but also water usage is the highest
per kilowatt hour that you produce. So, I was wondering as an academic
exercise if it is possible to look into it, that when you do a policy on energy
mix, you not only look into the primary parameters but you look also into the
water and food linkages. It will become an academic exercise because it is
very complicated but is suited to the NRCP and its members because it is
really the agency that funds basic research in the country. So, basic thinking
along this line and opening up areas such as this is probably something
NRCP can look but certainly in order to be able to look at it, you will need
a multidisciplinary team and at the same time you will need quite a lot of
funding. So I’m wondering if NRCP, ADB, and PIDS can take a look into it—
that is the question now [laughs]. Again it will be a long introduction to that
question for both of us (motions to other speaker).
BNL:
A good question, I think you also have the answer in the question.
[Laughter]
First, as Dr. Uriarte already said, if you look at the energy mix of any country—
Philippines, China, Indonesia—some have nuclear, others don’t have nuclear
(sic).
No country is going to be energy secure with a renewable law (sic) whether
you take solar, wind, biomass, whatever it is. At least when we reach 2050
we will have fossil fuel, geothermal, and a combination of that. What is
possible and what I think we have done not enough in many countries is the
low-hanging actions [unintelligible] we have, which is energy efficiency,
energy audit (sic). Every building that you see, that we build, we have
opportunity to make them efficient. Japan reduces significant requirement
39
of energy; in my opinion it is one of the most energy-efficient countries of the
world. Which do you tackle first, we have 100 million people. We may have
about close to at least now half a million television? Maybe half a
million refrigerators at home, maybe less, maybe 250,000 air conditions.
What Japan did was to look at the end use of it. If you look at what we have
done in ADB, in a small display in Megamall, looking at all the
television brands in the Philippines, and then you ask, why is this so
inefficient compared to the other one. It is cheaper now, but in three years,
you will be paying a lot more. So these are the low-hanging things that you
could do. Similarly, every building we are putting nowadays, so many
apartments, we don’t have energy code. Just changing bulb in this room—I
think you can change so many, like we did in ADB, we changed so many
(sic)…bulbs, LEDs, and others. Building code is certainly one way to do it,
industry, name it (sic). Regarding the water component of the nexus, every
water project needs energy, and therefore how to bring this interface. For
example, we have undertaken some projects in irrigation. They have electric
pumps and we are replacing them with solar pumps. It is cheap, easy, and
doable. I would say there many ways to demonstrate this, take audit of them,
sell them. It is possible. Last week I was in Japan and we were looking at
the electric vehicles, and mentioned how much we can sell (sic). We have a
project here in the Philippines now—we have e-trikes. We are trying to
manufacture e-trikes and hopefully the Philippines can be the hub for Asia.
So we have to go to this out-of-box thinking and belief for all the technology
(sic). And like you said Jun before, this needs… R&D innovative Asia, how
to move into the Knowledge-based Economy. No country has been able to
move into this frontier without a very strong, committed R&D budget in both
the public sector and the private sector.
Most of the developed countries like Japan, where you spend up to five
percent of the GDP, and China is moving to more than 2.5 percent now. Most,
or the rest of the other countries like us are so low, less than one percent,
even point one percent—I can send you the report, we just not have given
enough money to the people in the R&D.
MAP:
Thank you very much Dr. Llanto, Dr. Lohani, and our President, Dr. Uriarte.
Before ending this session, let us now go to the awarding of plaques of
appreciation to our speakers.
40
BREAKOUT SESSIONS
46
BREA OUT SESSIONS
Mechanics
Dr. Carina G. Lao
Each moderator should assign an assistant from the membership who will write or fill in the
documentation template, which we have prepared. It does not have to be verbatim, just the salient
points. The synthesis or concurrence should contain the things that the group agreed upon to
address the issues and we have already assigned two secretariat staff for each session who will
document all that has been written on the template. So, the last part, which is Recommendations,
may be about on drafting policies, research, or technology. All accomplished templates will be
collected by the assigned secretariat or staff, and will submit to NRCP Member-at-Large, Dr. Rafael
Guerrero III, who is tasked to summarize the proceedings. Breakout Sessions are until 12:30 PM and
there will also be allotted 10 to 20 minutes for the secretaries to polish the templates with the assistance of the secretariat. If there are no questions, members and participants, please proceed to the
designated rooms of our parallel sessions.
Presentations (appended – See Annex B)
Breakout Sessions Exchanges1
Breakout Session 1: Water and Energy Nexus
Speaker:
Moderator:
Issues Raised
Which should be prioritized in
the interventions?
1 Why not devote time in
studying ocean which has
a rich source of renewable
energy?
1
Dr. Bernard John V. Tongol
Dr. Rogelio A. Panlasigui
Chair, Engineering and Industrial Research
Raised by
Prof. Fortunato T. dela
Peña
Dr. Angelica Baylon,
Maritime Academy of
Asia and the Pacific
Actions to be Taken
Water recovery desalination
Waste water treatment
 To pursue further studies

To invite more inventors and
promote Philippines as a coastal
center/coastal-based energy
(thermal, wave)

Assessments where the areas to
explore for coastal-based energy

Noresco vs company to invest
100 to 200 billion on
ocean-based energy
As documented by designated secretaries per session using provided template.
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2
3
4
5
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Why not tap/prioritize
nuclear power? Which one
is really appropriate for the
Philippines?
How do we raise
awareness/education on
efficiently using energy,
even at home?
Study the potential use of
wind energy for
environment and
agriculture, coastal and coal
energy to biodiversity
What do we do with the
natural resources? 95
percent of water in the
Philippines
Dr. Lucille Abad, DOST
Study the combination of all
Philippine Nuclear
alternatives
Research Institute (PNRI)
Prof. Vivien Supangco,
Division VIII - Social
Sciences
(illegible)
Sis. Julia Yap, Saint
Scholastica College,
Tacloban

Raise awareness on energy
efficiency through education
To promote the 3 Rs (reduce,
reuse, recycle)
Continue assessment in tapping all
renewable energy in the Philippines

Students before graduation must
plant 10 trees
Breakout Session : Energy and Food Nexus
Speaker:
Moderator:
Issues Raised
1 Energy auditing coefficients for some
agricultural crops,
livestock, poultry, and
fisheries were mostly
based from temperate
setting
2
The concern on
logistics puts the production aspect under
compromise
Dr. Teodoro C. Mendoza
Dr. Orville Bondoc
Chair, Agriculture and Forestry
Raised by
Dr. Orville L. Bondoc
Dr. Rosa Estoista, CMU
(Division VI – Agriculture)
Actions to be Taken
To establish energy auditing coefficients
that are generated from science-based
researches conducted in the Philippine
setting from which these coefficients
will be used for further studies that will
result in the reduction of energy utilization in crop, livestock, poultry, and
aquaculture production
 The utilization of technologies such
as “Nitro-plus” and other nutrient
recycling enhancers can be maximized in consideration of the energy
logistics vis-à-vis production;
A multidisciplinary organic farming
research should be conducted with
consideration of the small scale
farmers.
O.A. produced food is still small relative
to the total production, but it is the right
thing to do, there is no other way but to
do it for the future generation.

3
4
5
6
Organic agriculture is
a very commendable
technology, though the
law on O.A. has been
passed, there are problems on implementation and adoption.
Low consumption of
vegetables and fruits at
30kg per capita.
Dr. Orville Bondoc, UPLB
(Division VI- Agriculture)
From the crops presented (rice, corn,
sugarcane), which is
more efficient?
Land production zone
Dr. Dela Cruz, UPLB
Dr. Villareal, UPLB
(Division VI- Agriculture)
Dr. Erlinda L. Mari, FPRDI
(Division VI – Agriculture
and Forestry)
Advocacy on vegetable eating should
start at home with the parents to
educate them about the importance of
eating vegetables and fruits
Sugarcane is the most energy efficient,
however, there is no sugarcane grown
under, considering current data, organic
rice is energy efficient
There should be post production support especially to the small scale
farmers with consideration of their
income
44
Breakout Session : Water and Food Nexus
Speaker:
Moderator:
Dr. Adelina Santos C. Borja
Dr. Decibel Faustino-Eslava
Chair, Earth and Space Sciences
Issues Raised
1 Partnership with communication experts
or politicians
2
3
45
Introduction of urban farming
Data presentation must be credible both
to scientific and public
Raised by
Romulo A. Virola, National Statistical Coordination
Board
Dr. Antonio F. Mateo, Division VII
Roland Sarmago, UP National Institute of Physics, Diliman
BUSINESS MEETING
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1
BUSINESS MEETING
2
82nd General Membership Assembly
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I.
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CALL TO ORDER
At around 1:30 PM, NRCP President Dr. Filemon A. Uriarte, Jr., called the 82nd
General Membership Assembly (GMA) Business Meeting to order.
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II.
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APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES OF THE BUSINESS MEETING
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Dr. Uriarte motioned for all members and attendees of the assembly to check
the copies of the 81st GMA Report handed to them upon registration. He
mentioned that the 81st GMA was held on 27 March 20014 at the Manila Hotel,
and then directed all to the pages of the Minutes of the Business Meeting 1,
with other reports and annexes.
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He asked for comments and corrections to the minutes from the members
and then motion for its immediate adoption. No corrections were raised and
after the subsequent motion was seconded, he declared the adoption of the
Minutes of the 2014 Business Meeting.
1
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Pages 1-6, Minutes, 81st GMA, 27 March 2014, Manila Hotel
III.
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PRESIDENT’S REPORT2
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Dr. Uriarte proceeded to deliver his Report of Council accomplishments during
his first year as President. He wanted a brief run-through of his presentation
and thus delivered the report as follows:
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
The year 2014, representing the first nine months of my term as president, was
a challenging but highly productive year for NRCP. Several internal and external
changes took place in 2014. Internally, the Council elected new members of
the Governing Council, elected a new President, and appointed a new
Executive Director. The renovation of the NRCP building also started, thus
making it difficult to find space for the staff. Externally, the Department of
Science and Technology initiated new funding mechanisms and approaches.
In line with its mandate, to fund basic and fundamental research, NRCP
supported 29 research projects, surpassing its target of 20, for a 145%
accomplishment. These covered continuing research projects as well as new
ones.
Two important NRCP-commissioned research projects were concluded last
year, namely:

Optimizing the Contribution of S&T to Poverty Alleviation and Inclusive
Growth Through Collaborative Governance; and
Dengue Research Program or Remove Dengue Program with 7 project
components
NRCP-funded projects generated IPs products, including 10 Patents and 6
Utility Models, with the assistance of Technology Assistance and Promotion
Institute. Based on TAPI records, NRCP ranked #1 among DOST agencies with
filed IPs.
2
As delivered by NRCP President Dr. Filemon A. Uriarte, Jr.
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The Patents and Utility Models filed in 2014 are as follows:
Patents:
•
•
2 from the project of Dr. Susan Calumpang (Tagbak and Kakawate)
8 from the project of Dr. Rosalinda Torres (Larvicidal plants for Dengue)
Utility Models:
•
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Method of preserving bamboo for industrial purpose by Dr. Marina Alipon
Botanical insecticide from Atis to control termites of Dr. Menandro Acda
Botanical insecticide from Guyabano to control termites of Dr. Menandro
Acda
Control of Dengue Mosquitoes using water bug of Dr. Pio Javier
Rearing of Water Bug for Insect Control of Dr. Pio Javier
Botanical Insecticide from Genus Annona to Control Termite Feeding and
Soil Penetration by Dr. Menandro Acda.
•
•
•
In addition, NRCP has now made monitoring and evaluation a mandatory
activity. And in 2014, we monitored 31 projects as follows:
•
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•
4 in Metro Manila
12 projects in UPLB
3 Projects in UP Manila
6 Projects in UP Diliman
1 Project in Ifugao
1 Project in Cagayan de Oro
3 Projects in Iloilo
I Project in MAAP, Bataan
1 Project in Benguet
A measure of the quality of the research project is the number of publications
in ISI journals as well as in refereed local and international journals. In 2014,
our members published 15 scientific papers, which constitute:
•
•
13 papers published in Accredited ISI Journals
2 published in Local Refereed Journals
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A measure of the relevance of research projects is the policy outputs. Four
NRCP-funded projects presented their policy recommendations during
separate forums and these policy recommendations were forwarded for
consideration of relevant government agencies, namely:
•
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Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD),
National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC), and
Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG).
In line with its policy advisory mandate, the NRCP conducted 3 Policy Forums
where results and findings of several NRCP-funded researches with strong
public policy implications were presented. In attendance were representatives
from concerned or affected sectors:
•
•
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NRCP Policy Forum on Small Farmers Competitiveness Towards Market
Integration and Inclusive Development (seven (7) NRCP-funded projects
were presented)
Policy Forum on the new general education curriculum
Symposium of NRCP-funded researches on dengue (seven NRCP-funded
projects were presented)
To make the presence of NRCP felt by its members and non-members in other
regions of the country, 4 outreach events were supported by NRCP:
•
•
•
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Workshop on Writing Scientific Papers for Publication in International
Journal, CMU, Musuan, Bukidnon
Seminar Workshop on Doing Statistical Analyses with Python
Programming, CSU, Butuan City
Rabies Awareness Information and Small Ruminant Production and Health
Seminar, MMSU, Batac, Ilocos Norte
Training on Urban Gardening, UPHSD, Las Pinas City
The Council also supported the conduct of regular Divisional meeting, Cluster
and Regional Meetings, and the General Membership Assembly.
The Council also initiated the NRCP eNews, an email-based information
sharing system aimed to capture the attention of busy managers and policy
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makers. The NRCP eNews contains concise description of NRCP-lead and
initiated activities.
The 81st Founding Anniversary of the NRCP was a weeklong celebration
highlighted by the Conferment of the 2014 Dr. Eusebio Y. Garcia Award to Dr.
Windell Rivera held at the Bayleaf Hotel on 08 December 2014. NRCP revived
the Dr. Garcia award in 2013 and sustained in 2014. We hope to continue the
same in 2015 and onwards.
In terms of international linkages development, the NRCP President signed the
MOA on Innovations for Inclusive Development (IID) Challenge Program began
by immediate past President Dr. Lourdes Cruz. It is a multi-million grants
program initiated by the Universities and Councils Network on Innovation for
Inclusive Development in Southeast Asia (UNIID-SEA), where NRCP serves as
the Grants Administrator in pilot implementation. Through the leadership of Dr.
Bauzon, the program is now headed toward its second phase, whose goal is
not only to link with International Development Research Center (IDRC) of
Canada but also the Secretariat of ASEAN councils headquartered in Jakarta,
Indonesia. The proposal drafted by Dr. Bauzon and members of his committee
had a positive response for possible funding. Hopefully, other members can
o e up ith other proposals to develop further NRCP’s international linkage.
141
142
143
144
We welcome the 145 new or Associate Members of which 121 were approved
in 2014. Last year 26 members were also elevated as Regular Members, and
of the 26, 7 were Outstanding Young Scientist (OYS) awardees, attesting to the
quality of NRCP Membership.
145
146
To date the NRCP membership now totals 3,869 members: 1,673 Regular
Members and 2,196 Associate Members.
147
148
149
150
Finally, allow me to show you the status of the renovation of the NRCP
building, which we hope to complete during the next few months. This
symbolizes a new and reinvigorated NRCP, and this was began by previous
Officials of NRCP.
151
152
With the help of our members and chairs, it is hoped that we can obtain a
bigger budget for years 2016 and 2017.
51
IV.
153
TRE S RER’S REPORT3
Dr. Felix P. Muga II
Treasurer
Chair, Mathematical Sciences (2012-2014)
154
155
156
Good afternoon Secretary, President, everybody. I would like to give you just a
highlight of my report—the Treasurer’s Report for 2014.
157
158
Last year, we received a total of Php71,776,000.00 from the National
Government, or 10 million higher compared to 2013.
159
160
161
162
About 24 million pesos in our Capital Outlay is being allocated for the
renovation of the NRCP Building. For our mandate, we had a budget of
Php19,266,000.00 (Grants-in-Aid), and most of the funds were allocated for the
Biological Sciences Division (Php4,871,098.29).
3
As delivered by NRCP Treasurer Dr. Felix P. Muga II
52
163
164
165
Figure 12. Twenty-nine (29) Projects funded in 2014 included in the
Treasurer’s Report.
166
There are 17 on-going projects and 12 new ones for the fiscal year 2015.
167
168
169
For this year (FY 2015), NRCP will be receiving a total of Php49,478,000.00,
of which P19,266,000.00 is allotted for its mandate, the same budget
allotted in 2014.
170
Thank you.
171
172
53
V.
Adjournment
The Business Meeting adjourned at around 2:30 PM.
ELECTIONS 2014
59
ELECTIONS
1
Dr. Maria Cecilia G. Conaco
Chairperson of the Election Committee 2015
Complete Election Rules and Mechanics
1. Before the General Membership Assembly (GMA), each Division shall select from among its
regular members two or more nominees for chairperson.
In case the Division has selected only one nominee, any NRCP member can nominate another
qualified regular member (who has at least attended two divisional meetings and the last GMA)
from the Division concerned during the GMA as certified and attested by the Corporate
Secretary. (Nominator shall introduce and say something about the nominee.)
2. In case the nominee cannot be physically present during the GMA, he/she shall submit a
written explanation why he/she cannot be present with the condition that if he/she is elected,
he/she shall accept the position in writing. (Written explanation must have been submitted by
the nominee concerned on or before 15 February of the current year.)
3. The nomination for members-at-large from among the regular members of good standing shall
be made on the floor during the GMA.
4. After nominations, election shall proceed by secret ballot in the respective Division Precincts.
Electioneering is prohibited.
5. Regular members shall get their ballots from their respective Division Precincts, and deposit
the ballot personally in the ballot boxes provided for the purpose. No voting by proxy is allowed.
6. Canvassing by the Board of Canvassers duly designated by the NRCP President shall be made
as soon as the voting closes. Closing time shall be announced during the plenary session of the
GMA. Marked ballots shall be considered null and void.
7. The nominees for Chairpersons of each Division receiving the highest number of valid votes
cast shall be declared Chairpersons of Divisions concerned. The two nominees for
Members-at-Large receiving the first and second highest number of valid votes shall be
declared elected.
In case of a tie in one Division, the term shall be split into two – the first to assume the office shall
start from 1 April – 30 September, while the other shall assume the post from 1 October – 31 March
of the following year. The first one to act as Chairperson shall be the one to cast the vote during the
election of officers of the New Governing Board.
55
Term of Office
In accordance with Section 7 of the NRCP Constitution and By-Laws, the Officers of the National
Research Council of the Philippines, the Members-at-Large, and the Chairpersons of Divisions shall
hold office for a term of two (2) years or until their successors are legally elected and qualified. They
may be re-elected for another term.
No member of the Council shall serve as elective member of the Board for more than two (2) terms
or hold the position of the President of the Council for more than 2 terms.
This time, there is election for New Division Chairpersons who, if elected, will serve for a term of
two (2) years beginning April 2014; likewise re-election of incumbent Division Chairpersons who, if
re-elected, will serve their second term beginning April 2015.
Official Results of Election
DIVISION
II
V
Mathematical Sciences
Biological Sciences
IX
Physics
XI
Humanities
XII
XIII
Space and Earth Sciences
Veterinary Medicine
NAME
Dr. Polly W. Sy
Dr. Claro M. Santiago, Jr.
Mr. Noel M. Unciano
Dr. Arnel A. Salvador
Dr. Jose Perico H. Esguerra
Dr. Adelaida F. Lucero
Dr. Reuben R. Cañete
Dr. Decibel V. Faustino-Eslava
Dr. Mildred A. Padilla
GARNERED
VOTES
65
63
12
39
27
33
32
60
69
56
MESSAGE FROM THE DOST SECRETARY
The Honorable
MARIO G. MONTEJO
Secretary
Department of Science and Technology
Dr. Bindu N. Lohani, Asian Development Bank Vice
President for Knowledge Management and Sustainable
Development;
Dr. Filemon A. Uriarte, Jr., NRCP President and former
DOST Secretary;
Esteemed members of the NRCP Governing Board;
Mga kasama ko sa DOST;
Dr. Gilberto M. Llanto, Philippine Institute for Development Studies president;
The 2014 NRCP Achievement Awardees;
NRCP members and associate members;
The NRCP Secretariat, led by Executive Director Dr. Carina G. Lao;
Colleagues, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen;
Magandang hapon po.
I would like to thank you for the opportunity to participate in your General Assembly once again to deliver
my exhortations to the Achievement Awardees of NRCP.
Let me first express my appreciation for the NRCP as the organization has persevered in its pursuit of
research excellence amidst our changing times.
All of present in this hall would agree on the vital role of science, technology, and innovation in the
development of our country in addressing the concerns and need of our people.
It is enshrined in the knowledge of our Constitution, which states that science and technology are essential
for national development and progress.
It shall support indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological capabilities, and their
application to the country’s productive systems and national life.
Our President, His Excellency Benigno Simeon Aquino III expounded on this further when he said that
innovation is the engine of any modern economy and this would not happen overnight. But if you put a
premium on innovation, in dreaming bigger, doing better, and always reaching farther with Filipino talents,
until it will only be a matter of time before the Philippines gets there.
57
We—tayong lahat sa Department of Science and Technology—as stewards of Philippine innovation system
spearheads the implementation of a harmonized science and technology agenda that is anchored on the
fundamental principle of achieving technological self-reliance. The strategy is to build up local know-how,
set up cutting-edge facilities, and harmonized target R&D outcomes to achieve a truly effective and
responsive national S&T agenda. The agenda veers out from the traditional academic pursuits to using
science, technology, and innovation to directly address societal needs. The pros of technological
self-reliance produce a number of significant gains in the priority sectors such as disaster risk reduction,
climate change adaptation, agriculture, and health, among others.
The DOST program to address disaster risk reduction, namely, the Nationwide Operational Assessment of
Hazards or NOAH and Disaster Risk Exposure Assessment for Mitigation or DREAM illustrate this
approach. The focusing on building up our know-how, with the assistance of our partners, providing
cutting-edge facilities and harnessing the synergy and convergence of multiple technologies will realize
technological self-reliance in implementing an effective flood early warning system for communities along
the 18 major river systems, or equivalent to one-third of the Philippine land area in just two years.
This is a big leap compared to the 40 years it took the country to undertake similar project for just five
major river basins. Incidentally, they were all done by foreign donor institutions. Even more importantly, the
total cost of our early warning system project covering the 18 major river systems cost much less to what
was spent on previous projects covering only five river systems. By doing it ourselves, our cost for LiDAR
mapping, which is a major component of our program, is only 25 percent of prevailing international prices
or costs.
Again, by using weather sensors locally developed by our R&D institutes, the DOST Advanced Science and
Technology Institute or ASTI, instead of using imported sensors, we realized almost 75 percent savings.
Furthermore, the know-how and expertise gained from the DREAM project translated to boosting the
confidence of our local engineers. The team is now committed to expanding our EWS or early warning
system to cover all the remaining two-thirds of the Philippines or the 285 river systems by June 2016.
These targets will be very difficult to imagine if we keep on following the traditional way of depending on
foreign entities.
The DREAM project gained international recognition in 2014 by the World Geospatial Forum for excellence
in policy implementation by relying on local talents, scientists and engineers to run the program, providing
a successful model and template for the other countries and governments to follow. This clearly shows the
benefit that can be derived by building technological self-reliance using Filipino scientists and engineers in
addressing our problems. Technological self-reliance means relying more on ourselves than on others in
addressing our problems using science, technology, and innovation.
As members of NRCP, you are at the forefront of local know-how in essential branches of S&T; namely,
the medical, chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological sciences; physics, earth science, and engineering or
industrial research; agriculture, forestry and veterinary medicine; education, government and international
policies; as well as the humanities and social sciences.
58
The possibilities in your hands are, in a manner of speaking, quite endless.
This afternoon, we are here to honor to the individuals who have achieved and exemplified excellence in
their endeavors in basic and transdisciplinary research and S&T, the NRCP Acheivement Awardees for
2014.
In closing, let me commend and congratulate the NRCP Governing Board and Secretariat for highlighting
the water-food-energy nexus in this scientific conference and assembly. We look forward to the policy
recommendations and valuable insights this conference will generate for the enhancement of national
programs and implementations for the sustainability and management of our most critical resources.
I hope you will have a very good [unintelligible] and you will develop a good program, and we have identified
10 cutting-edge, or the next-generation technologies which hopefully all of us will be supporting. It would
include genomics, nanotechnology, biotechnology, areas wherein most of you are already involved—big
data, analytics, advanced manufacturing, advanced climate change modeling, drug discovery program,
and maybe two or three others.
Mabuhay ang mananaliksik ng siyensya, at mabuhay ang NRCP. Maraming salamat po.
59
ACHIEVEMENT AWARDEES
65
AC IEVEMENT AWARDEES
Governmental, Educational,
International Policies (Division I)
Belinda V. De Castro – in recognition of her invaluable contribution to the academic community as a
pioneer in studies on shadow education in the Philippines which were published in various ISI-listed
journals and which led to the growing research interest in this area in Comparative Education in the
country; as an author of international publications on Mathematics Education; as a researcher that
initiated skills development of researchers in the use of emerging statistical tools, such as Conjoint
Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling; as a reviewer in various international journals, as an
innovative educator, and as an active member of various professional organization.
Mathematical Sciences (Division II)
Roberto B. Corcino – for his significant and numerous publications in reputable international and
national journals, successful supervision of undergraduate, MS and PhD students, and other
important contributions to mathematics education and mathematics development. A specialist in
enumerative and analytic combinatorics, he has pioneered the development of research on
generalizations of Stirling numbers and related objects in the country. An excellent mentor, his
students are themselves now productive scholars and respected academics in various universities
in Mindanao.
Medical Sciences (Division III)
Cynthia I. Valencia – for her ardent work to promote good clinical practice in the Philippines, as
borne by her researches that our country subscribed to good clinical practice principals and our
researchers protect the rights and welfare of the human study participants; for her espousal of the
importance of the bioequivalence tests as safeguard for the quality for generic drug products in the
Philippines; for her critical role that led to the pharmacokinetic and toxicological elucidation of the
antischistosomal drugs niridazole and praziquantel, and for a body of work that led to better laboratory diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum infection; for her avid promotion of medical journalism
among the faculty, researchers, and students and for having served as editor-in-chief of the Acta
Medica Philippina; and for her being an exemplary teacher and researcher to peers and students.
Pharmaceutical Sciences (Division IV)
udilynn N. Solidum – for her outstanding research on dengue management. The research enabled
her to publish informative children’s books entitled “Moskee ang Bampirang Lamok”, “Dinudugo si
Dino”, and “Huwag MOKONG Kagatin (Kwento ng Batang na Dengue)”, for which she received the
Distinguished Book Award during the World Research Festival in 2014, held in Cebu City. With this,
she provided the educational instrument to increase the awareness of elementary students on dengue that can be integrated in the standard curriculum for elementary education.
61
Agriculture
Forestry (Division VI)
Teresita . Borromeo – for her outstanding leadership and contributions to science and technology
in the field of crop/plant generic resources and gene bank management. As Division Head of the
Plant Genetic Resources and of the Crop Sciences Cluster (CSC), she authored and co-authored refereed journal articles and book chapters on varied topics such as assessment of varietal diversity,
conservation methods and management, and varietal improvement of rice and other indigenous
food plants in the Philippines that provided scholarly resources for students and researchers. She is
also actively involved in the UPLB Rice Technical Working Group of the National Seed Industry Council and regional secretary of the Society for the Advancement of Breeding Researches in Asia and
Oceania (SABRAO), while working as professor and thesis adviser of graduate students in the field of
agronomy, plant breeding and plant genetic resources at the CSC, College of Agriculture, University
of the Philippines Los Baños.
Engineering and Industrial Research (Division VII)
Allan N. Soriano – for his body of work on the thermodynamic characterization of novel CO2 capture
solvents. His achievement exemplifies how basic research in engineering sciences can help address
the issue of climate change, which is widely regarded as the most critical global environmental problem currently facing humanity. Furthermore, his prolific research output has also proven to be of significant scientific impact, and hence clearly demonstrates the capability of a Filipino researcher to
make internationally significant contributions to his area of study. As such, he provides an excellent
example to the next generation of local engineers and scientists to aspire for world-class standards.
Social Sciences (Division VIII)
Maria Ela L. Atienza – for her outstanding academic performance in her undergraduate and
graduate degrees; for continuously doing pioneering research in local politics, government and
devolution in the Philippines; for publishing the results of these research in local and international
journals, so that others may share in the knowledge gained from these; for being a conscientious
professor and mentoring young researchers; for helping to facilitate support for research by serving
in academic administration; for editing the Philippines Political Science Journal and helping to
ensure its international status; and for promoting professionalism in the discipline of political
science as a member of the board of Trustees of the Philippine Political Science Association.
Physics (Division IX)
Percival F. Almoro – in recognition of his research efforts and contributions in the fields of holography and optical metrology. His original contributions in optics extend to future applications of laser
technology and have been well cited by the local and international scientific community.
62
Chemical Sciences (Division X)
Gerardo C. anairo – for his distinguished breakthrough in organic synthesis which led to the unprecedented synthesis of water-soluble tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). TTF represents an important class
of aromatic molecule which has widespread utility in material science. For so long, the applications
of TTF have been greatly limited to non-aqueous systems due to its highly hydrophobic nature.
Through his elegant strategy, the conjugation of carbohydrates with TTF resulted to the first ever
water soluble TTF. This innovation has opened new frontiers for TTF chemistry and its application
in biological systems.
Earth
Space Sciences (Division XII)
Nathaniel A. Cruz – in recognition of his research contributions to and productive activities on
climatology, climatic change, vulnerability assessments and applied meteorology, particularly forecasting. By expanding its services to popular media, he continues to promote meteorology and elevate weather reporting to a more scientific level that help improve the Filipino people’s appreciation
of weather conditions and hazards-preparedness.
Veterinary Medicine (Division XIII)
Carmencita D. Mateo – in recognition of her notable accomplishments in the fields of animal nutrition and health. As an animal nutritionist, she has conducted researches on the nutritional and economic evaluation of feeds which provided valuable information on the feeding values of alternative
major feed resources, which significantly contributed to the improvement of livestock production.
As a veterinarian, her researches on the identification and biological evaluation of indigenous
medical plants provided information on the importance of traditional medicine for animal health.
In all, she has published 29 refereed scientific articles in reputable journals, which won her awards
from government and various professional groups such as DA-BAR Director’s Award, Outstanding
Veterinarian in Animal Nutrition, Outstanding Animal Nutritionist, Outstanding Veterinarian in
Veterinary Research and Distinguished Research in Animal Science.
MEMBER EMERITUS AWARDEES
Domingo B. Nu ez - in recognition of his more than three decades of invaluable contributions to the
academic community as a researcher, school administrator, consultant, visiting professor and educator; for his inspiring leadership in the formulation of policies and setting directions for the growth
and development of basic sciences in the field of governmental, educational, and international policies; and for his distinguished membership in the Council, of being an inspiration to budding scientists in the country.
Leopoldo V. Abis - in recognition of his significant contributions and inspiring leadership in the formulation of policies and setting directions for the growth and development of basic sciences in the
field of engineering and industrial research; and for his distinguished membership in the Council, of
being an inspiration to budding scientists in the country.
63
Leoncio A. Amadore - in recognition of his significant contributions and inspiring leadership in the
formulation of policies and setting directions for the growth and development of basic sciences in
the field of earth and space sciences; and for his distinguished membership in the Council, of being
an inspiration to budding scientists in the country.
Mariano A. Esto ue - in recognition of his significant contributions and inspiring leadership in the
formulation of policies and setting directions for the growth and development of basic sciences in
the field of earth and space sciences; and for his distinguished membership in the Council, of being
an inspiration to budding scientists in the country.
OUTSTANDING INSTITUTION
National Institute of Physics, College of Science, University of the Philippines - Diliman – for
its contributions to the country as the leading center for physics research and education through
its sound academic and research policies geared for excellence, sustained and increasing generation of new knowledge with its high-impact research as evident in its publications and citations
in international peer-reviewed journals, resolute belief that the country can build a scientific nation
manifested by its high graduation rates of MS and PhD Physics students, unwavering leadership in
academic and scientific societies and tireless engagement in numerous extension work and public
service to strengthen science in the nation; and as an inspiration that a Philippine institution can be
at par with the world.
SERVICE AWARDEES
Felix P. Muga II – in recognition of his significant contributions and inspiring leadership in the
formulation of policies and setting directions for the growth and development of basic and mission-oriented scientific research; and for his invaluable services, genuine commitment, and dedication to the goals of the Council as Treasurer, 2013-2015; Chairperson of Division II (Mathematical
Sciences), and Member of the Governing Board, 2011-2015.
Wilson O. Garcia – in recognition of his significant contributions and inspiring leadership in the
formulation of policies and setting directions for the growth and development of basic and mission-oriented scientific research; for his invaluable services, genuine commitment, and dedication
to the goals of the Council as Assistant Corporate Secretary, 2012-2013; Assistant Treasurer, 20132014; Chairperson of Division IX (Physics), and Member of the Governing Board, 2011-2015.
ose S. Buenconsejo – in recognition of his significant contributions and inspiring leadership in
the formulation of policies and setting directions for the growth and development of basic and mission-oriented scientific research; for his invaluable services, genuine commitment, and dedication
to the goals of the Council as Chairperson of Division XI (Humanities), and Member of the
Governing Board, 2013-2015.
64
AC IEVEMENT AWARDEES
OUTSTANDING INSTITUTION and SERVICE AWARDEES
PLA UES OF APPRECIATION
65
POSTER CONTEST WINNERS
Rank
Title
Authors/Presentors
1st
Magnetic-field-enhanced Morphology of SnO2 Nano- Jonathan Briones, Gwen Castillon,
materials for Gas Sensing Applicants
Michael P. Delmo, and Gil Nonato
Santos
2nd
Development of Air and Oxygen-based
Atmospheric Plasmas for the Non-thermal
Sterilization of Food Products and Packaging
J.R.Y. Uy, A.R.Y. Centeno K.G. Jubilo, E.K.C
Peñafiel, L.M.D. Rosario
3rd
Utilization and Treatment of Dairy Effluent through
Biogas Production using the ITDI
Portable Anaerobic Digester
4th
Surface Characterization and Finding Isotherm Evaluation of Tailor-Made Polymeric Micro
Droplets for Tetracycline
Optical Characterization of Silicon Nanowires Synthesized by Metal-Assisted Electroless
Etching
David Herrera, Myra Tansengco, Judith
Tejano, Ricky Beraye, Reynaldo
Esguerra, Antonio Celajes Jr., Ronald
Dongaol
Isaiah E. Ubando and Benilda S. Ebarvia
5th
E. Anguluan, P. Tingzon, K. Cervantes, A.
Escolano, A. Salvador, A. Somintac
66
SYNTHESIS
72
DR. RAFAEL D. GUERRERO III
Member-at-Large
Good afternoon. I think we’re two hours ahead of
our schedule; that is, today we’re good in using our
time. And we hope the same will be the case with
our resources water, food, and energy.
We had stimulating and thought-provoking issues
and discussions. It is my pleasure and honor to
present today’s synthesis and I’ll try to make it short
and sweet.
So we had two very distinguished plenary speakers;
one from the ADB, who gave us the global as well as the Asian perspective on the water, food, and
energy nexus; and the other, from PIDS, who gave us the Philippine perspective.
While Dr. Lohani was giving his lecture on the WFE nexus, the first thing I did was to look up the
meaning of the term “nexus,” but I knew it had something to do with connections, interconnectivity,
and linkages—at least, “connecting one with the other.”
So what was my analogy for this? I am a father, a husband, a driver, a messenger, a dishwasherpractically a nexus of sorts. But in the context of our conference, water, food, and energy are the
basic necessities for the survival of humanity. You cannot live without water; you have to drink
eight glasses a day. Energy? Well, when we don’t have electricity, we can always use other sources
as sunlight, wind, among others. We know that said necessities are connected in some way, but in
terms of our current policies, this is not the case. We have the Department of Energy, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, and the Department of Agriculture, which of course, manages
energy, water supply, fertilizer for agriculture. So let me give my two cents on what I understood
about our previous topics.
Dr. Lohani talked about the vibrancy of development in Asia, which is 6.4 percent, making ours
the fastest growing continent in the world today. This is due to many factors, such as our growing
economies, but we certainly have issues on food, water, and energy security mainly because of the
growth in our population. In particular, impacts of pollution that causes us to spend more to clean
up the mess. And of course on the question of sustainability, how are we going to support the
growing number of people with more food, water, and efficient energy? Bothered as we are about
these, we tend to pass on the issues to the next generation, but I think we have to help them, as
scientists and researchers, by providing the means, the knowledge, and the technology—their
starting point for growth.
“
Bothered as we are about these, we tend to pass on the issues to the next generation, but I
think we have to help them, as scientists and researchers, by providing the means, the
knowledge, and the technology—their starting point for growth.
”
68
Dr. Lohani mentioned challenging issues. The ADM has conducted studies on the Food Outlook,
Energy Outlook and Water Outlook. In the next 15 years, the ADB says we need 50 percent more
food. So if we say we are eating this much, we have to increase it because more people will be
entering the population. Forty percent more energy. So this summer we expect more outages and
shortages because of some power plants being shut down like Malampaya. People are already
asking, “should I buy a generator?”
He also mentioned three ecosystems, which to me are quite familiar, the urban ecosystem, the
water-energy ecosystem—you can combine two—and the land use and agriculture ecosystem. He
said there is a need to prioritize and balance all of these interests. For example, urbanization.
Seventy five percent of the population of Asia will be living in cities. I am still living outside Metro
Manila, but maybe Manila will expand toward Los Baños fifty years from now… we don’t know. This
will certainly mean people living in the cities will require more food, energy, and water, while people
from the provinces move out of the rural areas where the resources are, becoming consumers
rather than producers. So definitely there would be an imbalance. Dr. Lohani said we need to
balance interests and policies, and for his recommendations, need for more local data, which is
what all the members and researchers of NRCP should think about, especially when we go home
from this Conference. What can you do in your locality?
There was somebody who said that no one appears to be studying these phenomena, and I told
him, “Well, since you are in that area, why don’t you do the needed studies there?” People in
Metro Manila cannot do all the work all over the country. The expenses are steep just to get to these
places. Therefore, where ever you are situated, say Visayas or Mindanao, that is where you must
undertake your study. In this way, you increase the local knowledge and database, and we put all
these together, like what I think is what NRCP should do, in turn.
So, going back, urbanization is the first ecosystem, and the second ecosystem is energy and water.
Dr. Lohani thus emphasized the need for more efficiency, and that is where science and technology
can come in. We have to have science-based solutions to our problems—from the environment, to
social, and other concerns.
In the urban system, we also need to look into the waste management. Some cities are running
out of areas to dump their waste. On water supply, among the questions is how do we provide the
needs of all the condominiums? I actually wondered where all the water comes from, and I was told
that some are already recycling water or harvesting rain water, like in Taguig. So those are some
solutions being done.
Next is food waste management in agriculture; we have to reduce losses of about 30 percent. That
is, from farm to fork.
“
69
Where ever you are situated, say Visayas or Mindanao, that is where you must undertake
your study. In this way, you increase the local knowledge and database, and we put all these
together, like what I think is what NRCP should do, in turn.
”
For the third ecosystem, we have to change the food basket. What is our present food basket?
We tend to eat more calories from rice, but we need more vegetables and more nutritious, healthy
foods, rather than energy only. Again, these need balancing. We know animals contribute to
methane gasses, such as cows, that when they flatulate, they emit methane.
Increasing productivity also constitutes less water and energy to produce more food—more crops
for less drops of water. Then the need for a new business model: the old model says “produce,
produce, produce” to fill the demand, but now we need to include social and environmental costs
for sociability. So, it entails socio-economics, environment, not only profit or production. More
efficient use of scarce resources is another.
Then they made a final point, which is to factor in climate change. Increasing temperatures, sea
level rise, storm surges, among others all make tackling the nexus even more complex. So, the
bottom line again is we need more support for R&D. Every year, we hear the same story; that is,
support is lacking, that hence, we can only achieve this much. We would then ask why they don’t
listen to us, when we are doing our part. Probably there are other important concerns, but we must
not give up the sheep, as it were.
So, we need to shift our paradigm, from sectoral concerns to planning, to integrated planning and
policies. WFE, for one, is an integration and not a sectoral approach. The trouble is that, as Dr.
Lohani said, we have DOE that manages energy, but their processes use water, though not much of
food; but we also have DA that uses food, energy, and water. And we have other Departments. So,
why don’t we do integrated planning, just what like they did in Singapore? Small country, but there,
one policy entails one action, versus the practice of one policy, and yet several doers and
implementations, plus skeptics. Thus, political will is very important.
Our second speaker is a local talent, Dr. Gilberto Llanto of the PIDS, who talked about the socio-economic and ethical implications of the WFE nexus. He also mentioned resource scarcity, ergo, we
are running short of water and energy and regarding food is more of the question of affordability
and accessibility—if you can afford it, you can import, but those who are poor have poor access and
no capacity to purchase. He also mentioned many technical, social, and environmental challenges.
As an economist, he said there is a need to look at the demand and supply side, but to ask an
economist involves balancing of interests and concerns, like what do we focus on first? This is
because we cannot do everything at once.
The WFE insecurity to him is a concern that will affect social growth and stability. So I think the
social problem that we have in Mindanao is really a matter of how will we allocate resources. With
the new Bangsamoro Basic Law or BBL, implementation will require billions and that will come
from us tax payers. But how will they do it? More guns? What’s better would be more food, more
development, less shooting, less killing—the key to peace. Right? If you are hungry, you will never
have peace. If your neighbor is richer than you, you may envy him, but if you have nothing, then
something is wrong, which is inequality.
“
We need to shift our paradigm, from sectoral concerns to planning, to integrated planning
and policies. WFE, for one, is an integration and not a sectoral approach.
”
70
So to make it short, we are making preparations for climate change resiliency through natural
disaster preparations, which we are doing already. But there is a need for integrated resource
management, one that is holistic, multi-disciplinary, and integrated. An example of this is the
Angat Multi-Purpose Dam, whose first priority is the domestic supply of Metro Manila. It supplies
90 percent of water of Manila. Shortage of rains and typhoons leads to shortages in water, and yet
whenever there is a typhoon, damages are expected. So adaptation is the keyword.
He also mentioned many government policies as the Command and Control System, wherein the
government controls regulation and commands the priorities based on studies, hopefully, and
stakeholders participation. He said that there is limited WFE integration in national programs and
policies. And I believe he is right in saying so. Of course, we all know that these are important, but,
are we doing it? Or are we just minding our own business and selfish ambitions? We have to work,
think, plan, and act together. At any rate, this is rather easy to say, but difficult to realize because
of our many personal and professional barriers. But I hope NRCP can set the example. We’re here
to think together, and then we can go back to plan, prepare proposals but can we work together?
Dr. Llanto also mentioned about framework of ethical decisions, he has recommended four
courses of action: cultural, religious, social, and virtue. One of his recommendations is to adapt the
“nexus thinking” rather than the “silo thinking,” which for me entails compartmentalized thinking. We
need to conduct interdisciplinary and empirical studies. I think we’re trying to do that, like in UP Los
Baños, we have Crops, Livestock, and Forestry Clusters, among others. Again, we need to support
the R&D Community—us—but as you can see the NRCP is really having a hard time convincing
the DBM that we need basic science or research, for they are more interested in readily applied
research. But we know that without basic science, we cannot go further.
Another is to review current structure, roles, and functions of regulatory agencies like the DENRERDB for water, among others. And then educate communities, which we can all apply; when we
go back, I think it is our responsibility to share what we learned here. But what is more important is
to educate our policy makers. How do we convince Congress about this nexus? Perhaps we have
to be advocates, or spokespeople, because we cannot influence policy without educating policy
makers. Another, he said, is to encourage public-private partnerships.
Now, if I can make a suggestion of my own, as to what NRCP can do, according to President
Uriarte’s line of thought, we can propose a big ticket program on how to make our government WFE
nexus compliant, since I believe we have the best brains in the country for R&D. With all the people,
the Scientific Divisions we have, we can certainly think of something innovative, and I believe no
government agency is doing this now. Maybe they know about it, but they don’t know how to do
it. That’s why we will teach them, from what we learned here. Aside from Dr. Uriarte’s program on
innovation, maybe we can add another tackling the WFE nexus, or put them together—this would
be my contribution in this conference.
So the bottom line in all of these issues is that we need more R&D support, we need to strengthen
coordination, collaboration, and cooperation. So, with that, may I say thank you to all our speakers
and to all of you here. And when you go home, think WFE nexus. Salamat po!
71
CLOSING MESSAGE
77
Dr. Carina G. Lao
Our DOST Officials, led by our Honorable
DOST Secretary Mario G. Montejo;
Our esteemed members of the Governing
Board, led by our President Dr. Uriarte;
Beloved NRCP members and associate
members;
Our 2014 achievement awardees;
The NRCP secretariat;
Distinguished guests, colleagues, ladies and gentlemen;
On behalf of the NRCP Governing Board and Secretariat, I would like to take this
opportunity to thank everyone for participating in our 82nd General Membership Assembly
and Scientific Conference.
All of us have discussed, as main topic in our Scientific Conference, how the water-food
-energy nexus can guide the development of policy recommendations and programs to
effectively allocate and sustain three of our most critical resources.
These are but among the many insights we learned in today’s Scientific Conference. Our
members, with the help of our very able secretariat, will incorporate everyone’s inputs and
recommendations in a comprehensive report as final output for this Conference. We hope
that this Official Report will be conveyed to the appropriate key people, especially in our
Legislative Branch, to be used as an integral provision for future policies and programs
anent these essential resources.
Our General Membership Assembly also tackled key plans, strategies, general schemes,
activities, and concerns, to facilitate the improvement of our secretariat operations. During
the Business Meeting, we have covered matters relevant to priority R&D programs; research
funding; project allocations; membership data and services; and facilities; among others.
We are also much pleased to have elected new Chairpersons for various Scientific
Divisions, which are Mathematics, Physics, Humanities, and Veterinary Medicine, to fulfill
the corporate functions of our Council. With our current roster of leaders, who are
themselves respected game-changers in their fields of expertise, I believe we are assured
of remarkable attainments, and we look forward to groundbreaking programs to fulfill our
mission as one cohesive research organization.
73
So, to our new Chairs, if I may say so, no pressure! You have our confidence and we know
you will lead your Divisions toward greatness, not for us, nor the Council’s per se, but for all
Filipinos with whom we owe our identities as the nation’s men and women of science and
technology.
Again, let me convey the NRCP Secretariat’s pleasure and honor to have convened all of
you, dear researchers, scientists, S&T practitioners, communicators, and stakeholders in
yet another successful national scientific affair.
As the Philippines may be at the doorstep of economic breakthrough, all of us in NRCP
have much and much to attain, explore, discover, and to work and strategize for. Indeed,
we will get there ONLY if we do our parts as instruments of innovation and positive change.
Our organization NRCP—practically a treasure trove of S&T know-how and research
expertise—will lead the country in its fervent pursuit of progress, excellence, and innovation.
We bequeath, dear Members and Officials, not only NRCP, but the whole Philippines, in your
care, and both are in good hands.
Thank you and we wish you all the best in your scientific and research endeavors.
74
ANNEXES
80
A. PROGRAM
76
Socio-Economic and Ethical Implications of the WFE Nexus
President
Plenary Speaker
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Breakout Session 1:
Water and Energy Nexus
Bernard ohn V. Tongol, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science,
Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences,
University of Santo Tomas
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
Food and Energy Nexus: A Snapshot
Teodoro C. Mendoza, Ph.D.
Professor 12, UP Scientist I
College of Agriculture, UP Los Banos
Board of Trustee, PhilRice, PELSPI
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
Water-Food Nexus
in the Laguna de Bay Region
Adelina C. Santos-Borja, CESE
Division Chief III
International Linkages and Research Development Unit
Laguna Lake Development Authority
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
Photos
158
Attendance
Division I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Regular Members
Acelajado, Maxima J.
Baac, Valentino G.
Baylon, Angelica M.
Carillo, Clarita D.
De Guzman, Allan B.
Gano, Leila R.
Garcia, Dolores G.
Associate Members
1. Abao, Ethel L.
2. Aguja, Socorro E.
3. Anito, Jovito Jr. C.
4. Balagtas, Marilyn U.
5. Boholano, Helen B.
6. Caballes, Dennis G.
7. Corocoto, Renia C.
8. Golla, Evangeline F.
8. Cuevas, Graceta DL
9. Limjap, Auxencia A.
9. Dayagbil, Filomena T.
10. Llanto, Gilberto M.
10. Dychangco, Ma. Encarnacion A.
11. Nuñez, Domingo B.
11. Julianes, Melchor S.
12. Onega, Ester B.
12. Lalican, Nelita M.
13. Rodriguez, Socorro M.
13. Lapinid, Minie Rose C.
14. Senajor, Eduardo T.
14.Laurel, Peter
15. Tabbada, Epifania V.
15. Leocario, Maribel
16. Tan, Emily B.
16. Lubrica, Maria Azucena B.
17. Ursulom, Florida U.
17. Naval, Victoria C.
18. Acelajado, Maxima J.
18. Pesimo, Agnes R
19. Pogoy, Angeline M.
20. Prudente, Maricar S.
21. Roleda, Lydia S.
22. Santos, Eduardo R.
23. Santiago, Ma. Andrea L.
27. Tanggol, Sukarno
159
Division II
Regular Members
1. Corcino, Roberto B.
2. Detalla, Alnar L.
3. Escaner, Jose Maria L. IV
4. Muga, Felix P. II
5. Navarro, Milagros P.
6. Pabico, Jaderick
7. Virola, Romulo A.
Associate Members
1. Bautista, Lincoln A.
2. Corcino, Cristina B.
2. Lemence, Richard S.
3. Quilinguin, Maria Veronica P.
4. Sison, Lourdes G.
5. Tactay, Agustina R.
6. Urrutia, Jackie D.
7. Usona, Laurence P.
8. Vidar, Melvin A.
Division III
Regular Members
1. Abad, Lorna R.
2. Balaccua, Geraldo P.
3. Dalmacio, Leslie Michelle
4. Domingo, Carmelita F.
5. De Luna, Marieta B.
6. Estacio, Rhodora C.
7. Kintanar, Quintin L.
8. Loyola, Carmencita S.
9. Montayo, Jaime C.
10. Palmario, Georgina B.
11. Reyes, Marita V.T.
14. Sia, Isidro C.
13. Somera, Lina C.
14. Trinidad, Trinidad P.
15. Valencia, Cynthia I.
16. Velasco, John Mark S.
Associate Members
1. De Jesus, Ma. Sheila M.
2. De Guzman, Teresita S.
3. De Vera, Marciana P.
4. Enjola Kaye Elma
5. Gregorio, Ernesto R. Jr.
6. Heralde, Francisco M. III
7. Lintao, Caridad C.
8. Magnaye, Bella P.
9. Palompon, Dairy
10. Vizcarra, Ralliegh F.
11. Torres, Adela S.
160
Division IV
Regular Members
1. Loquias, Monet M.
2. Lozano, Araceli M.
3. Ona, Edna O.
4. Olay, Veticia P.
5. Oliveros, Mildred B.
6. Sadiwa, Zenaida G.
7. Solidum, Judilynn N.
8. Maini, Henedina A.
Associate Members
1. Apostol, Jovencio G.
2. Arollado, Erna C.
3. Castillo, Agnes L.
4. Corpuz, Mary Jho-Anne T.
5. Dahilig, Vina Rose
6. Lolano, Arceli M.
7. Ricalde, Marina R.
8. Sy, Sandra C.
Division V
161
Regular Members
1. Alcala, Angel C.
2. Baldia, Susana
3. Cuevas, Virginia C.
Associate Members
1. Abamo. Fema
2. Adorada, Joel L.
3. Aguerre, Maria Lourdes C.
4. Castañeda, Catherine Q.
5. Dedeles, Gina
4.
5. Alejandro, Grecibio JD.
6. Dela Cruz, Thomas Edison
7. De Leon, Marian P.
8. Diesmos, Arvin C.
9. Diaz, Maria Genaleen Q.
10. Duka, Ivan Marcelo A.
11. Eguia, Maria Rowena R.
6. Alvarez, Lourdes V.
7. Amparado, Beverly B.
8. Aya, Frolan A.
9. Ballada, Karen A.
10. Briones, Jonathan Carlo A.
11. Buaya, Anthony T.
12. Ella, Evangelina S.
13. Elegado, Francisco B.
14. Evangelista, Luisito T.
12. Cadiz, Nina M.
13. Calapardo, Marilou
14. Cervo, Mavil May C.
15. Florentino, Rodolfo
16. Gabriel, Alonzo A.
17. Gonzales, Juan Carlos
18. Guerrero, Luzviminda A.
19. Guerrero, Rafael D. III
20. Gutierrez, Hermes
21. Laude, Rita P.
22. Lit, Ireneo L. Jr.
23. Maningas, Mary Beth B.
24. Marcos, Juanita M.
15. Conaco, Cecilia
16. Conoza, Elizabeth C.
17. Coronado, Fe F.
18. Corpuz, Mark Niel C.
19. De La Viña, Celia B.
20. Diesmos, Mae Lowe L.
21. Evangelista, Eden V.
22. Fajardo, Analinda M.
23. Hadsall, Annalee S.
24. Hansel, Carmelita G.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
Mendioro, Merlyn S.
Navasero, Marcela M.
Navasero, Mario V.
Orense, Consuelo L.
Paller, Vachel Gay
Papa, Donna May
Panlasigui, Leonora N
Paz-Alberto, Anne Melinda
Quiazon, Karl Marx
Quinto, Edward
Ramirez, Teresita J.
Raymundo, Asuncion
Reyes, Cecilia P.
Rivera, Windell L.
Rubio, Raquel O.
Santiago, Claro M. Jr.
Sedano, Susan A.
Serafico, Michael E.
Sinohin, Veronica O.
Sumague, Ma. Josie V.
Trono, Jr. Gavino
Udarbe, Mildred
Yap, Julia C.
Villadolid, Milagros F.
Zulaybar, Teofila D.
25. Javier, Pio A.
26. Legaspino, Requel
27. Lim, Antonio E. Jr.
28. Limsiaco, Cynthia L.
29. Llana, Ma. Ethel G.
30. Manuel, Ma. Carmina C.
31. Medecilo, Melanie P.
32. Mendoza, Diane S.
33. Mercado, Margarita A.
34. Montigue, Emilio N.
35. Ontoy, Dexter S.
36. Orozco, Glorina P.
37. Pakingking, Rolando Jr.
38. Panerio, Elizabeth G.
39. Papa, Irene A.
40. Papa, Rey Donne S.
41. Partosa, Jocelyn D.
42. Pido, Michael
43. Quimado, Marilyn O.
44. Quiñones, Renissa S.
45. Ragas, Richie Eve
46. Ramirez, Ma. Anna Rita M.
47. Reginaldo, Aris A.
48. Rodriguez, Marietta P.
49. Rubite, Rosario R.
50. Salic-Hairulla, Monera
51. Saguibo, Jennifer D.
52. Sandoval, Ma. Jovina A.
53. Santiago, Myla R.
54. Solsoloy, Teodoro S.
55. Tadiosa, Edwin R.
56. Tan, Julie D.
57. Tansengco, Myra L.
58. Travanlar, Mary Ann T.
59. Treyes, Rodolfo S.
60. Vital, Pierangeli G.
61. Yap, Jennifer Maries G.
62. Zapico, Florence L.
162
Division VI
Regular Members
1. Acedo, Villaluz
2. Alberto, Ronaldo T.
3. Alcachupas, Pablito L.
4. Alipon, Marina A.
5. Baguinon, Nestor T.
6. Battad, Teodora T.
7. Bondoc, Orville L.
8. Borromeo, Teresita H
9. Carpena, Azucena L.
10. Castañeto, Yolina T.
11. Cruz, Cerenilla A.
12. Cruz, Federico A.
13. Dayo, Maria Helen F.
14. Dela Cruz, Loretto
15. Dela Cruz, Reynaldo E.
16. Delfin, Evelyn F.
17. Dolores, Lolita M.
18. Dumlao, Florentina S.
19. Eusebio, Dwight A.
20. Hernandez, Jose E.
21. Manigbas, Norvie L.
22. Mari, Erlinda L.
23. Mendoza, Teodoro C.
24. Movillon, Jovita L.
25. Ocampo, Apolonio
26. Ocampo, Eureka
27. Pateña, Lilian F.
28. Pollisco, Nutzi
29. Rosario, Teresita L.
30. Samonte, Henry P.
31. San Valentin, Genero
32. Tapay, Nenita E.
33. Valencia, Lolita DC.
34. Villareal, Ruben L.
35. Vega, Renato S.A.
163
Associate Members
1. Aggangan, Nelly S.
2. Arceo, Caezar Angelito E.
3. Aurigue, Fernando B.
4. Bon, Sancho G.
5. Bondad, Elvina O.
6. Calibo, Juanita G.
7. Daño, Antonio
8. Detalla, Maria Estela B.
9. Escamos, Senen H.
10. Estoista, Rosa Villa B.
11. Gabertan, Herminigilda A.
12. Gonzales, Ines C.
13. Jarilla, Flora A.
14. Labios, Jocelyn D.
15. Lalicon, Danilo J.
16. Luna, Amelia C.
17. Merca, Silvino D.
18. Monleon, Arnolfo M.
19. Raboy, Maritess
20. Sace, Chito F.
21. Simongo, Donita K.
22. Umali, Beng P.
23. Valdez, Jr. Marcos B.
24. Villavicencio, Ma. Lea H.
25. Veluz, Ana Maria S.
26. Wagan, Amparo DM.
Division VII
Regular Members
1.Abis, Leopoldo V.
2. Alabastro, Estrelca
3. Alvarez, Virmila B.
4. Amistad, Fracklyn T.
5. Anglo, Pilar G.
6. Austriaco, Lilia R.
7. Aviso, Kathleen
8. Baccay, Melito A
9. Bedia, Elinor L.
10. Dela Pena, Fortunato
11. De Guzman, Zenaida I.
12. Dimaano, Maria Natalia R.
13. Doma, Jr. Bonifacio T.
14. Ebarvia, Benilda S
15. Gaspillo, Pag-asa
16. Graza, Nenet C.
17. Guevara, Rowena
18. Jose, Wilfredo I.
19. Magpantay, Corazon G.
20. Mateo, Antonio F.
21. Panlasigui, Rogelio A.
22. Pineda-Henson, Ruby
23. Promentilla, Michael
24. Soriano, Allan N.
25. Staub, Patricia A.
26. Tansinsin, Lydia G.
27. De Leon, Sonia Y
Associate Members
1. Argamosa, Felipe Roland
2. Baarde, Reynaldo O.
3. Bitog, Hermilina
4. Bitag, Jessie P.
5. Dungca, Jonathan
6. Egloso, Neil
7. Figueroa, Arturo
8. Gaa, Florencio O.
9. Gacho, Carmel C.
10. Javier, Paul N.
11. Mabini, Marilyn
12. Manegdeg, Ferdinand G.
13. Mission, Elaine G.
14. Muhi, Manuel
15. Paglicawan, Marissa A.
16. Reyes, Ruel V.
17. Rialubin, Aniceto R.
18. Romasanta, Arlene A.
19. Senoro, Delia B.
20. Tan, Daniel Leslie S.
164
Division VIII
Regular Members
1. Atienza, Maria Ela L.
2. Bauzon, Leslie E.
3. Brett, June P.
4. Conaco, Ma. Cecilia G.
5. Caoili, Olivia C.
6. Castro, Nestor
7. Del Pilar, Gregorio E.H.
8. Gilmore, Solidum
9. Go, Stella P.
10. Japos, Genaro V.
11. Mendoza, Ronald U.
12. Ogena, Nimfa B.
13. Patalinghug, Epictetus
14. Pernia, Elena E.
15. Pernia, Ernesto M.
16. Roguel, Soledad M.
17. Salvador-Amores, Analyn V.
18. Ventura, Elizabeth R.
19. Zablan, Zelda C.
165
Associate Members
1. Abaya, Ma. Concepcion O.
2. Abuso, Julian E.
3. Almachar, Juvielynne T.
4. Amarille, Teresa Q.
5. Ancheta, Arlen A.
6. Aquino, Raul A.
7. Arriola, Joyce L.
8. Baliton, Fructuoso C.
9. Bañez, John Erwin S.
10. Barcena, Novelyn T.
11. Batan, Clarence
12. D’longsod, Lady Lou M.
13. De Jose, Elmer G.
14. Era, Marlon D.
15. Ferolin, Maria Cecilia M.
16. Gabriel, Percival S.
17. Gilmore, Solidum
18. Go-Monilla, Joycelyn
19. Gorospe, Bonna Mae S.
20. Gubalane, Zoren
21. Guiuan, Gerardo L.
22. Julom, Angelina M.
23. Legarteja, Aida
24. Mangada, Ladylyn L.
25. Medina, Maria Cecilia
26. Mercado, Maria Cristina P.
27. Oracion, Enriquez G.
28. Orejana, Anne J.
29. Palac, Cleofe C.
30. Pardo, Corazon G.
31. Ponsaran, Marciana Agnes G.
32. Ponce, Rico P.
33. Rabang, Marie Q.
34. Ragasa, Carmelita Y.
35. Relon, Luzviminda P.
36. Reyes, Wilma S.
37. Serrano, Joane V.
38. Sta Maria, Isagani O.
39. Suerte Felipe, Lita
40. Sumagaysay, Marieta B.
41. Supangco, Vivien
42. Tabbada, Jose
43. Tamayo, Nanette
44. Tanquezon, Dahlia D.
45. Torres-Pilapil, Crisline
Division IX
Regular Members
1. Almoro, Percival F.
2. Calix, Virginia S.
3. Esguerra, Jose Perico
4. Galapon, Eric A.
5. Garcia, Wilson O.
6. Ponce, Theta C.
7. Roxas-Villanueva, Ranzivelle Marianne L.
8. Salvador, Arnel
9. Santos, Gil Nonato
10. Sarmago, Roland V.
11. Yco, Demetrio A. Jr.
Associate Members
1.Abregana, Timothy
2.Bello, Alwielland Q.
3. Sadia, Cyril P.
166
Division X
Regular Members
1.Abad, Lucille
2. Aguinaldo, Alicia M.
3. Amor, Evangeline G.
4. Bayquen, Aristea V.
5. Binag, Christina A.
6. Briones, Annabelle V.
7. Catanares, Josephine M.
8. Cruz, Lourdes J.
9. Espino, Pythias
10. Garcia, Carlos
11. Garcia, Ester A.
12. Hernandez, Christine C.
13. Janairo, Gerardo C.
14.Librojo-Basilio, Nieva T.
15. Macabeo, Allan Patrick G.
16. Merca, Florinia E.
17. Mercado, Susana M.
18. Montaño, Marco Nemecio E.
19. Nonato, Maribel G.
20. Patalinghug, Wyona
21. Ramos, Ma. Cristina R.
22. Raymundo, Leoncio C.
23. Tan, Mario
24.Tongol, Bernard John V.
25. Torres, Rosalinda C.
26. Ysrael, Mafel
27. Yu, Gracia Fe B.
28. Villaseñor, Irene M.
167
Associate Members
1. Caliwara, Maria Trisette E.
2. Del Villa, Teodora M.
3. Del Ferro, Ramon S.
4. Dilan, Erlinda E.
5. Dionglay, Mariluz SP.
6. Encabo, Rosario R.
7. Flores, Floirendo
8. Israel, Katherine Ann C.
9. Janairo, Jose Isigani
10. Manalo, Carmelita O
11. Mendoza, Christopher O.
12. Ombico, Marife T.
13. Quinto, Edna C.
14. Reyes, Paz B.
15. Sagum, Rosario S.
16. Santiago, Librado A.
17. Sarile, Angelita S.
18. Tamayo, Jelynne P.
19. Tan, Joyce T.
20. Tan, Wilson T.
21. Villar, Teofila DC.
22. Villarante, Nelson R.
23. Villaraza, Cecilia
Division XI
Regular Members
1.Borromeo, Mauricia D.
2. Buenconsejo, Jose S.
3.Gonzales, Maria Victoria M.
4. Hornedo, Florentino H.
5. Landicho, Domingo G.
6. Lucero, Adelaida F.
7. Verano, Elvira S.
Associate Members
1. Buot, Merites
2. Chua, Maria Alexandra
3. Go, Ronald S.
4. Navarro, Raul C.
5. Padama, Editha L.
6. Tan, Arwin Q.
7. Yu, Hope S.
Division XII
Regular Members
1. Cruz, Nathaniel A.
2. Faustino-Eslava, Decibel V.
3. Foronda, Joseph
4. Lao, Carina G.
5. Pajuelas, Bonifacio G.
6. Sulapat, Lourdes R.
Associate Members
1. Banaguas, Glenn S.
2. Celebre, Cynthia P.
3. David, Carlos Primo C.
4. Enriquez, Maribel C.
5. Hadjilatip, Calil H.
6. Medina, Marilyn V.
7. Nimes, Julie M.
8. Nimes, Nestor B.
9. Relox, Ninio A.
Division XIII
Regular Members
1. Abalos, Jovencio H.
2. Cruzana, Bella C.
3. Marquez, Edanjarlo J.
4. Masangkay, Joseph S.
5. Mateo, Carmecita D.
6. Padilla, Mildred A.
7. Torres, Eduardo B.
Associate Members
1. Domingo, Clarissa Yvonne J.
2. Medina, Noraine
3. Molina, Helen A.
4. Talactac, Melbourne R.
5. Verturina, Virginia M.
6. Ybañez, Adrian
168
GUEST
NAME
1.Walde, Rikkamae Zinca Marie L.
2. Salazar, Ranica Graciella
3. San Juan, Maria Ysabel O.
4. Bandal, Modesto Z. Jr.
5. Yu, Michelle Ann Y.
6. Sabino, Aubrey Kyle H.
7. Amadore, Delin L.
8. Baylon, Ferdinand C.
9. Velarde, Homer C.
10. Santos-Borja, Adelina C.
11. Bonifacio, Rose S.
12. De Castro, Romeo V.
13. Teaño, Marietta A.
14. Duquinal, Marites I.
15. Domingo, Vesamarita
16. Dizon, Ria – Ann L.
17. Paguia, Hermogenes M.
18. Madlangbayan, Ramel H.
19. Magsino, Johanna Andrea T.
20. Tan, Ceyshelle Angelica
21. Samar, Bea Marie B.
22. Aggangan, Romulo T.
23. Tagra, Mine C.
25. Carasi, Delia T.
26. Elumba, Celia B.
27. Corcino, Cristina B.
28. Valencia, Antonio
29. Cubo, Criselda D.
30. Jonairo, Susana B.
31.Borromeo, Emerlito
32. Basilyo, George L.
33. Gilmore, Solidum
34. Abis, Lilia G.
35. Salvador, Jonathan W.L
36. Acedo, Joville Z.
37. Domingo, Proceso T.
169
ADDRESS
UPLB
UST
UST
UP
Mapua
LLDA
LLDA
Wesleyan University Philippines
University of Northern Philippines
NAST
BPSU, Bataan
BSPU, Bataan
CPC, CA, UPLB
DOST – FPRDI
UST
UNP – Vigan
DOST – PTRI
Cebu Normal University
UPLB
DLM
Mapua – Tech
Los Baños
WUP – Cabanatuan City
38. Arel, Enmeline T.
39. Rojas, Redentor S.
40. Almoro, Yvette
41. Conde, Belinda T.
42. Flores, Rudy C.
43. Tinao, Eduardo S.
44. Magsino, Steven H.
45. Domingo, Erlinda E.
46. Abelar, Jovencio Hubert A.
47. Fiestan, Sherwin R.
48. Soria, Jimmy R.
49. Domingo, Jessy C.
50. Obaob, Geronimo S.
51. Merin, Jenish
UNP – Vigan City
NIP
Adamson University
Bataan Peninsula State University
Bataan Peninsula State University
UST
170
176
Water-Food-Energy Nexus in Inclusive and Sustainable Development
Proceedings
National Research Council of the Philippines
82nd General Membership Assembly and Scientific Conference
Philippine International Convention Center
Pasay City, NCR, Philippines
11 March 2015
NRCP publications are available by direct request to the Office of the President or Executive Director;
online at nrcp.dost.gov.ph; or members’ participation in the Annual General Membership Assembly. For
further information, contact the Information Dissemination Section (IDS), NRCP, General Santos Ave.,
Upper Bicutan, Taguig City, NCR (Telephone [02] 837-6141; or email [email protected]).
Published by:
Research Information and Dissemination Division
Alicia C. Mercado
Joselito A. Carteciano
George Robert E. Valencia III
Val A. Zabala
Lanie P. Manalo
Alejandro R. Salamat
Nicasio R. Lambino II
Antonio A. Mariano
Publication Head
Managing Editor
Documenter
Layout and Photos
Proofreader
Recordings
Assistants
Support:
Research and Development Management Division
Finance and Administrative Division
Under the Guidance of:
MARIETA BAÑEZ SUMAGAYSAY, Ph.D.
Executive Director
177
Published by:
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION SECTION
Research Information and Dissemination Division
National Research Council of the Philippines
Gen. Santos Ave., Bicutan, Taguig City
www.nrcp.dost.gov.ph
[email protected]
837 6141
178

Water-Food-Energy Nexus - NRCP

Transcription

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