Energy storage - Energy Technologies Institute

Energy storage: a potential game changer and enabler for meeting our
future energy needs?
Phil Proctor – Energy Storage and Distribution Programme Manager
[email protected]
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP
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ETI technology programme areas
ETI Members
We are actively seeking member and partnership opportunities with industry
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
4.
Source: DECC (2013)
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Energy system transitions
(illustrative examples)
2012
Source: DECC (2013)
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Energy system transitions
(illustrative examples)
2012
2050
Source: DECC (2013)
Source: ESME (2013)
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
What are the challenges facing networks?
300
Greater electrification
•
More renewable generation
•
Changing primary fuel mix
•
Changing variation in energy usage
•
Meeting peak requirements
•
Low carbon heat delivery to homes
Low grade heat
250
200
Demand (GW)
•
150
100
50
0
0
2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,00012,00014,00016,000
Half hours
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Source: UKERC (2011)
Changes to space heating?
450
Space Heat Production
400
350
TWh
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2010 (Historic) 2020
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
2030
2040
2050
Storage solutions for balancing generation and demand
Storage Solutions (GWh availability)
Pumped
Storage of
Electricity
6.00E+02
Compressed
Air Storage
of Electricity
5.00E+02
Battery
Storage of
Electricity
4.00E+02
3.00E+02
Geological
Storage of
Hydrogen
2.00E+02
Building
Space Heat
Storage
1.00E+02
0.00E+00
2010 (Historic)
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
2020
2030
2040
2050
Services at all network levels
Generation
Transmission and Distribution
End-use & retail
Plant efficiency
Congestion relief and capital deferral
Plug-in vehicle integration
Grid system regulations – response and
reserves
Reliability
End user security
Black start
Time shifting supply-demand/arbitrage to
reduce bills
Grid balancing and system levelling
Capacity factor for renewable sources
Seasonal heat storage
Community and domestic ‘off grid’
supplies
District CHP decoupling
Heat storage
Capital deferral
Network loss reduction
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
A range of technology solutions
Reserve & Response
Services
Transmission & Distribution
Grid Support
Bulk Power
Management
Hydrogen & Fuel Cells
Pumped Hydro
Power Storage
Spinningand
Seasonalstorage
non-spinning
1 GW
Arbitrage
reserve
Compressed Air
Energy Storage
Flow Batteries
Cryogenic Energy Storage
100 MW
Variable
following
resource
10 MW
integration
Voltage
support
Sodium-Sulphur Battery
Load
supply
KEY
Types of Storage
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery
High-Energy
Supercapacitors
Waste
Li-ion Battery
Combinedheatpower
Hydrogen-related
1 MW
Lead Acid Battery
Mechanical
100 kW
Demand
Nickel Cadium Battery
shifting
10 kW
Nickel Metal Hydride Battery
andpeak
Electrochemical
reduction
1 kW
Flywheels
Microsecond
Second
Minute
Hour
Day
Week
High-Power Supercapacitors
Month
Electrical
Super Conducting
Magnetic Energy Storage
Thermal
Dischargeduration
Electricity-onlyapplications
Thermal-onlyapplications
Electricityandthermalapplications
Source. IEA Technology Roadmap Energy Storage 2014
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
1kW
10kW
100kW
1MW
10MW
100MW
1GW
Source. Pathways for Energy Storage in the UK, Cemte for Low Carbon Futures 2012
Electricity storage services and configurations
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Energy Storage (Isentropic)
Pumped Heat Electricity Storage
•
•
•
•
•
•
Distribution Scale
Electrical energy to heat and cold in reversible
process
Inert gas system – no chemical handling
System range 700kW – 6MW
Multiple storage services capability
£400/kW, £45/kWh
Project Partners
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Large Scale Heat Storage
•
•
•
•
•
10% current UK gas fired heat viable rising to
approximately 44% depending on future energy
pricing
Medium heat extraction from large plant most
efficient – 120 degrees C
Could improve thermal plant efficiency (typically
35-55%) to approximately 80%
Flexibility provided through decoupling electricity
and heat generation
Seasonal storage capability
Project Partners
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Technology Readiness
Flowbatteries
Lithium-basedbatteries
Flywheel(highspeed)
Moltensalt
Superconductingmagnetic
energystorage(SMES)
Flywheel(lowspeed)
Supercapacitor
Icestorage
Sodium-sulphur(NaS)batteries
AdiabaticCAES
Compressedairenergystorage(CAES)
Hydrogen
Syntheticnaturalgas
Residentialhotwater
heaterswithstorage
Undergroundthermal
energystorage(UTES)
Thermochemical
Coldwaterstorage
Pitstorage
PumpedStorageHydropower(PSH)
Researchanddevelopment
Demonstrationanddeployment
Currentmaturitylevel
Electricitystorage
Source. IEA Technology Roadmap Energy Storage 2014
© 2014 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
Thermalstorage
Commercialisation
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