Experimental Culture of Gamat Emas Stichopus horrens in cages at

Content
• Introduction
– importance
• Material and Methods
• Result
• Discussion
What is Gamat Emas
• Kingdom- Animalia
• Phylum- Echinodermata (other Class
Stelleroidea- COT)
• Class- Holothuroidea
– Order Dactylochirotida- Echinocucumis
– Order Dendrochirotida- Cucumaria, Thyone
– Order Aspidochirotida- Holothuria, Actinophyga,
Genus Stichopus
» Stichopus horrens
– Order Elaspodida- Pelagothuria, Peniagone
(D.S)
– Order Molpadiida- Molpadia, Caudina
– Order Apodida- Leptosynapta, Synapta, Euapta
(Barnes 1987)
Introduction- Importance
• Utilization for food and
medicinal purposes
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In Malaysia sea cucumber is used
in many ways, the Malays used it
in traditional medicine and the
Chinese exploit it as delicacies.
Sea cucumber was accepted to be
highly beneficial in pharmaceutical
industries and studies being done
on the chemical components of
the sea cucumber especially the
Stichopus horrens.
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History of Sea cucumber Research In
Malaysia
Pre-1995 FRI-DOF had tried
translocation of Stichopus
horrens.
USM-biodiversity and
population study Pangkor,
Langkawi, Mersing Mpark
UPM-biodiversity study around
Pulau Kapas
UKM/UIAM-pharmacology study
1995-1996 FRI-spawning and
gonad index study
1996-1999 FRI-Heriot wattspecies distribution and
conservation
1999-recent- FRI-DOF studies
of sea cucumber at various mpark and also Pulau layang2
and breeding of sea cucumber.
Known Cultured species
• Holothuria scabra
– Tropical species
– Established culture
method
• Apostichopus
japonicus
– Temperate species
– Established culture
method
Culture System
• Breeding-Hatchery
• Nursery-Hatchery and pond
• Growout-pen culture, pond, sea ranching
AIMS
• To promote sustainable utilization
• Conservation
1. To determine the growth rates
2. To determine the survival rates
Why Cage culture
Growth in length of Juveniles cultured in
Hatchery an Open sea cage
12
Tank
Cage
10
Poly. (Cage)
Poly. (Tank)
cm
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Sampling
2.5
3
3.5
Material and methods
• 100 Juveniles 0.5-2cm length
• 6 units of iron cage with netlon netting 2m
x 1m x 0.5m
• HAPA 2 mm pore size
• Cable tie etc.
Material and methods
• Cages submerged on sandy bottom near
the main marine park jetty
• Depth 17m at high tides
• Observation and maintenance using scuba
• 2-3 team member
Results
Results and Discussion
• The average weight of the sea cucumber after
the study was 42.4 ± 7.8g for Cage 1 and 35.64
± 7.65g for cage 2.
• The average final weight for both cages was
39.2g. The juveniles took 6 month in the cages
to reach the average weight.
• The maximum weights reached by the juveniles
in the cages were 54g and 47g.
• Growth Rates
– Cage 1: 0.2 g/day
– Cage 2: 0.53 g/day
• Survival 68% and 24%
• Type of feed in the open water was not
determined (difficult-mostly detritus type).
Discussion
• Growth Rates was better in the open water
compared to the hatchery
• Average growth rates after the 5th sampling
activity
• Cage 1: 0.2 g/day
• Cage 2: 0.53 g/day
• Survival rate was getting lower by the
successive sampling activities, one factor for
lower survival number was escapement from
holes and improper zipper
• Stocking density in the 1 m3 was assumed
should be lower than 50 individuals.
Thank you