Week 6

Week 6
Chapter 12~13 The men of Po6er Geography
•  Buffalo Bill is all over the Eastern and Central states. •  Not only in terms of where the crime occurs…
Geography
•  Buffalo Bill is all over the Eastern and Central states. •  Not only in terms of where the crime occurs, but where the bodies are disposed.
Geography
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Indiana Ohio Illinois Missouri Pennsylvania Kentucky West Virginia On Knowledge
•  What Starling already knows about the people in Po6er, West Virginia…
Starling knows (40)
•  What Starling already knows about the people in Po6er, West Virginia even though she has never been there. Starling knows (40)
•  Starling does not need to learn this informaTon. •  She knows it based on experience. •  We will call this experienTal knowledge.
The men of Po6er (40)
•  Starling looked at these men as the cruiser pulled into the lot, and at once she knew about them. She knew they came from houses that had chifforobes instead of closets and she knew pre6y much what was in the chifforobes. chifforobes
The Chifforobe
•  The symbolism varies from book to book, but in general, the chifforobe serves as a place—
safe or otherwise—in which to store family secrets or treasures…
The Chifforobe
•  The symbolism varies from book to book, but in general, the chifforobe serves as a place—
safe or otherwise—in which to store family secrets or treasures. •  These secrets or treasures symbolize the previous generaTons’ values including morality, values, social standing or family secrets. The Chifforobe
•  The place… “in which to store family secrets or treasures.” •  Maybe the dark place? The Chifforobe
•  The place… “in which to store family secrets or treasures.” •  Maybe the dark place? •  In any case, Starling knows it. The Chifforobe
•  To know a community is to know its hidden secrets and treasures. The men of Po6er (40)
•  She knew that these men had relaTves who hung their clothes in suitbags on the walls of their trailers. trailers
The men of Po6er (40)
•  She knew that the older deputy had grown up with a pump on the porch and had waded to the road in the muddy spring to catch the school bus with his shoes hanging around his neck by the laces, as her father had done. Her father…
•  …as her father had done. •  Things haven’t changed in Po6er, the same way they haven’t changed where Starling is from.
The kids of Po6er
•  She knew they had carried their lunches to school in paper sacks with grease spots on them from being used over and over and that a]er lunch they folded the sacks and slipped them in the back pockets of their jeans.
The kids of Po6er
•  She knew they did this because she herself did this.
訂正
•  She wondered how much Crawford knew about their them.
What she knows but Crawford doesn’t
•  Crawford may “know” the poverty of the south in terms of informaTon. What she knows but Crawford doesn’t
•  Crawford may “know” the poverty of the south in terms of informaTon. •  But it is Starling who really knows the poverty of the rural south, not as facts or data, but as experience.
What she knows but Crawford doesn’t
•  She knows the poverty of the rural south, not as facts or data, but as experience. •  This is something neither Crawford nor Lecter know in terms of experience. What she knows but Crawford doesn’t
•  She knows the poverty of the rural south, not as facts or data, but as experience. •  This is something neither Crawford nor Lecter know in terms of experience. •  And it is this experience which will help her advance and help catch Buffalo Bill. How do the men of Po6er treat her?
•  Let’s talk about the way these mean treat young women. How do the men of Po6er treat her?
•  Let’s talk about the way these mean treat young women. •  Remember that the way people treat others has as much to do with where they are coming from. •  Where do they think Starling is from?
How do the men of Po6er treat her?
•  Where do they think Starling is from?
•  The city. •  So they treat her as a “city girl.” (They do not know her background)
Leaving her behind (40)
•  There were no handles on the inside of the rear doors in the cruiser, as Starling discovered when the driver and Crawford got out and started toward the back of the funeral home. Leaving her behind (40)
•  She had to bat on the glass unTl one of the depuTes beneath the tree saw her, and the driver came back red-­‐faced to let her out.
How she must react (40)
•  The depuTes watched her sidelong as she passed. One said "ma'am." She gave them a nod and a smile of the correct dim wa6age as she went to join Crawford on he back porch. In the eyes of the men of Po6er
•  In this small town, Crawford and Starling are “outsiders.” •  Crawford is the head of Behavioral Science Unit so he will be respected. •  But Starling who is not even an agent? •  She is simply an outsider… •  …and a young woman. In the eyes of the men of Po6er
• 
• 
• 
• 
Starling is simply an outsider… …and a young woman. They will treat her as an “outsider” woman. They think that she is a “city girl”. In the eyes of the men of Po6er
•  On the “city girl” •  She looks down on poor men. •  She is “too sophisTcated,” and “pre6y.” In the eyes of the men of Po6er
• 
• 
• 
• 
On the “city girl” She looks down on poor men. She is “too sophisTcated,” and “pre6y.” Starling knows this. She must act properly so they will respect her. Last week
•  Starling asks Lecter for informaTon about the “head.” •  For Starling, the interview is not about manners. •  It’s about a murder invesTgaTon. This week in Po6er
•  It is all about manners. •  It’s about how the residents will trust her. Last week
•  How do we get informaTon from people we don’t know? •  They have to trust us. Trust and InformaTon
•  The policemen of Po6er do not trust this “city girl”. •  How will Starling get them to trust her? Trust and InformaTon
•  The policemen of Po6er do not trust this “city girl”. •  How will Starling get them to trust her? •  She has to act properly. Trust and InformaTon
•  The policemen of Po6er do not trust this “city girl”. •  How will Starling get them to trust her? •  She has to act properly. •  Follow the manners of a small southern town. Trust and InformaTon
•  The policemen of Po6er do not trust this “city girl”. •  How will Starling get them to trust her? •  She has to act properly. •  Follow the manners of a small southern town. •  She knows how to do this based on her experienTal knowledge. Trust and InformaTon
•  She knows how to do this based on her experienTal knowledge. •  Compare this scene to the scene in chapter 8 when she is surrounded by reporters/media. How she must react
•  The depuTes watched her sidelong as she passed. One said "ma'am." She gave them a nod and a smile of the correct dim wa6age as she went to join Crawford on the back porch. Trust and InformaTon
•  She knows how to do this based on her experienTal knowledge. •  But she must be careful because they do not know that she is “one of them.” •  They talk about her first as if she is a “city girl.”
The men talking about her (40)
•  When she was far enough away, one of the younger depuTes, a newlywed, scratched beneath his jaw and said, "She don't look half as good as she thinks she does." The men talking about her (40)
•  "Well, if she just thinks she looks pre6y got-­‐
damned good, I'd have to agree with　her, myself," the other young deputy said. "I'd put her on like a Mark Five gas mask." On Misogyny
•  “Pujng women down.” •  Prejudice against women (such as dislike, hatred, disrespct). The men’s misogyny
•  Note! •  Their misogyny is related to the inferiority they feel in terms of class (they are poor white while she is supposedly “high class city girl”). The men’s misogyny
•  Note! •  Their misogyny is related to the inferiority they feel in terms of class (they are poor white while she is supposedly “high class city girl”). •  The misogyny of gender is related to the difference they feel in terms of class. The men’s misogyny
•  The misogyny of gender is related to the difference they feel in terms of class. •  This pa6ern of gaining (gender) on your loss (class) is very common in prejudice. On Racism
•  Racism is related to the difference they feel in terms of class. •  This pa6ern of gaining (race) on your loss (class) is very common in prejudice. •  Poor whites as being racist against blacks. The men’s misogyny
•  The misogyny of gender is related to the difference they feel in terms of class. •  This pa6ern of gaining (gender) on your loss (class) is very common in prejudice. Crawford’s method
•  The men of Po6er are not cooperaTve. •  “The chief deputy wasn't having any.” (bo6om of 40) Crawford’s method
•  He uses their misogyny to have them trust him. Crawford’s method
•  "Sheriff, this kind of a sex crime has some aspects that I'd rather say to you just between us men, you understand what I mean?" Crawford said, indicaTng Starling's presence with a small movement. of his head. He hustled the smaller man into a clu6ered office off the hall and closed the door. Starling was le] to mask her umbrage before the gaggle of depuTes.” (41)
Crawford’s method
•  She could hear raised voices, then scraps of a telephone conversaTon. They were back out in the hall in less than four minutes. (41)
Crawford’s method
•  Crawford gathers the “boys” together in a small room as if to show them “hey, we’re all men, we can communicate each other.” •  Crawford “uses” Starling to get them to trust him.
Crawford’s method
•  Crawford “uses” Starling to get them to trust him. Crawford’s method
•  Crawford “uses” Starling to get them to trust him. •  Let’s not criTcize his acTons. A]er all, he is old enough to be your great grandfather. •  Instead, let’s observe what Starling does.
Crawford’s method
•  Crawford “uses” Starling to get them to trust him. •  There’s a problem with gathering the “boys together.” •  Now there are too many and this will block the invesTgaTon. •  Starling knows this and feels like she must do something. Crawford’s method
•  She must do something. •  But remember, since she’s in Po6er, it must be the “proper” thing to do. Starling acts (41)
•  Too many people were in the room. Several depuTes, the chief deputy, all had wandered in with them and showed no inclinaTon to leave. It wasn't right. Why didn't Crawford come on and get rid of them?
Starling acts
•  Why didn't Crawford come on and get rid of them? •  Because Crawford wants to have them bond with him as “men.”
Starling’s moment of decision (41)
•  Clarice Starling, standing at the sink, needed now a prototype of courage more apt and powerful than any Marine parachute jump. The image came to her, and helped her, but it pierced her too:
The memory
•  Her mother, standing at the sink, washing blood out of her father's hat, running cold water over the hat, saying, "We'll be all right Clarice. Tell your brothers and sister to wash up and come to the table. We need to talk and then we'll fix our supper. "
Starling uses her experience
•  Starling took off her scarf and Ted it over her hair like a mountain midwife. She took a pair of surgical gloves out of her kit. •  While she is doing the work of an FBI agent, she is behaving like one of them (mountain midwife [産婆]).
Starling uses her experience
•  When she opened her mouth for the first Tme in Po6er, her voice had more than its normal twang and the force of it brought Crawford to the door to listen.
Starling speaking like a Po6er resident
•  "Gentlemen. Gentlemen! You officers and gentlemen! Listen here a minute. Please. Now let me take care of her.” •  She held her hands before their faces as she pulled on the gloves.
Starling speaking like a Po6er resident
•  "There's things we need to do for her. You brought her this far, and I know her folks would thank you if they could. Now please go on out and let me take care of her."
The reversal
•  Crawford saw them suddenly go quiet and respecrul and urge each other out in whispers: "Come on, Jess. Let's go out in the yard." And Crawford saw that the atmosphere had changed here in the presence of the dead:
The reversal
•  …that wherever this vicTm came from, whoever she was, the river had carried her into the country, and while she lay helpless in this room in the country, Clarice Starling had a special relaTonship to her. One of “us”
•  Crawford saw that in this place Starling was heir to the granny women, to the wise women, the herb healers, the stalwart country women who have always done the needful, who keep the watch and when the watch is over, wash and dress the country dead.
One of “us”
•  …women who have always done the needful, who keep the watch and when the watch is over, wash and dress the country dead.
•  The men of Po6er recognize that she is one of their women… •  …inheriTng the role of those who watch over, wash and dress the dead in this region.
One of “us”
•  Then there were only Crawford and Starling and the doctor in the room with the vicTm, Dr. Akin and Starling looking at each other with a kind of recogniTon. Both of them were oddly pleased, oddly abashed.
One of “us”
•  …Dr. Akin and Starling looking at each other with a kind of recogniTon. Both of them were oddly pleased, oddly abashed. •  Who are “we” now in the 1980s?
One of “us”
•  Who are “we” now in the 1980s? •  If not the mountain midwife, then who looks over the “dead” now? •  Doctors? Are they local or uban? •  Funeral directors? Are they local or uban?
One of “us”
•  Who are “we” now in the 1980s? •  If not the mountain midwife, then who looks over the “dead” now? •  Doctors? Are they local? And their gender? •  Funeral directors? Are they local? Their gender?
One of “us”
•  Who are “we” now in the 1980s? •  If not the mountain midwife, then who looks over the “dead” now? •  Doctors? Are they local? And their gender? •  Funeral directors? Are they local? Their gender? One of “us”
•  Who are “we” now in the 1980s, contemporary world? •  Just as the role of protecTng or going to war was assigned according to gender, the role of looking over the dead may have been assigned by gender. •  What are our roles in terms of gender? •  Does it even ma6er?
One of “us”
•  What are our roles in terms of gender? •  Does it even ma6er? •  If it does not ma6er, then why do we need to be concerned about gender?
VapoRub •  Crawford took a jar of Vicks VapoRub out of his pocket and offered it around. (42) •  The smell of the dead is terrible. No ma6er where they come from.
There is more…
•  More on experienTal knowledge. •  Page 43~44. •  This will be a test topic.
Inside her throat
•  A cocoon.マユ •  What does that mean? •  Remember where it is found.
Inside her throat
•  The throat as a “dark place.” •  And what does she find inside the throat?
Chapter 13
What to do with this evidence? Behavioral Science Database
•  Latent Descriptor Index •  A computer system that can find common characterisTcs between convicted felons. •  They will input the data they have on the vicTm they found in Po6er.
Behavioral Science Database
•  They will input the data they have on the vicTm they found in Po6er. •  Input “new” characterisTcs.
Behavioral Science Database
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Input “new” characterisTcs. Scalped Skin patches taken from shoulders. Shot in the chest Cocoon in her throat Crawford’s decision
•  Cocoon in her throat •  “We’ll keep that confidenTal.” •  The media and other agencies will not know about it. •  Why are they withholding this informaTon? Crawford’s decision
•  Why are they withholding this informaTon? •  “We’ll use it to eliminate false confessions.” •  Some people want to confess that they did the crime just so they can be “famous.” •  But since they don’t know about the cocoon they won’t menTon it. •  Therefore, we’ll know they’re lying. Withholding informaTon
•  Therefore, we’ll know they’re lying. •  Withholding informaTon to check on the truth. Starling’s observaTon
•  “I’m wondering if he’s done that before – placed a cocoon or an insect.…It would be easy to miss in an autopsy.” On pa6erns
•  “I’m wondering if he’s done that before (repeated this).” •  Is there a pa6ern to his behavior? On pa6erns
•  We could define various forms of prejudice such misogyny or racism in terms of pa6erns of behavior. On pa6erns
•  People aren’t racist by one occasion, but by many occasions. •  Such behavior is pa6ern oriented. On pa6erns
•  People aren’t racist by one occasion, but by many occasions. •  Such behavior is pa6ern oriented. •  Such behavior may be compulsive as well. •  One doesn’t think about being “racist” or “haTng women.” Freud on compulsion
•  People are apt to repeat the same act over and over, even though they know it is both irraTonal and inappropriate. Compulsion
•  Does not such behavior resemble a compulsion (cf. last week’s lecture)? •  A]er all, we can say to a racist or misogynist, “isn’t treaTng people unfairly is bad?” he will probably reply yes, but he will do (and repeat) it anyway. Overcoming compulsion
•  We o]en learn such pa6erns of behavior from others. They are not original. •  Such pa6erns must be “unlearned.” An example
•  We o]en learn such pa6erns of behavior from others. They are not original. •  Such pa6erns must be “unlearned.” Starling “teaching” Crawford
Crawford: When I told that deputy he and I shouldn't talk in front of a woman, that burned you, didn't it? Starling: Sure.
Starling “teaching” Crawford
Crawford: It was just smoke. I wanted to get him by himself.” Starling: I know that. Crawford: Okay.
Starling “teaching” Crawford
Crawford slammed the trunk and turned away. Starling couldn't let it go. "It ma6ers, Mr. Crawford." He was turning back to her, laden with his fax machine and briefcase, and she had his full a6enTon.
Starling “teaching” Crawford
"Those cops know who you are," she said. "They look at you to see how to act." She stood steady, shrugged her shoulders, opened her palms. There it was, it was true.
Unlearning misogyny
•  "They look at you to see how to act.” •  Is this not how we learn our manners towards others? Unlearning misogyny
•  Such pa6erns must be “unlearned.” •  "Those cops know who you are," she said. "They look at you to see how to act." •  If you act like that then they will conTnue to act (in that misogynisTc way of excluding women). Unlearning misogyny
•  Crawford: Duly noted, Starling. •  “Duly noted” means to take serious consideraTon of someone’s statement. •  Even though he is her superior, he will think again about acTng the way he did (in excluding women). Unlearning misogyny
•  Starling took a risk. He may have go6en angry and “fired” her. But then again, she may have been measuring his “worth” as well. A mutual respect
•  She watched him walk away, a middle-­‐aged man laden with cases and rumpled from flying, his cuffs muddy from the riverbank, going home to what he did at home. A mutual respect
•  She would have killed for him then. That was one of Crawford's great talent. Starling “teaching” Crawford
Crawford performed a measurement on his cold scales. “Duly noted, Starling.” Assignment
•  第１５〜１８章を読む。 中間試験
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
来週 １８章までの大まかなあらすじ内容。 名前は英字で覚える。 Lectures: Week 4~6（特にキーワードの定義） pages 43~45の英文に集中：Lamarの描写と
experienTal knowledgeの関連性。 •  授業のパワーポイントはアップロードされていま
す：h6p://c-­‐faculty.chuo-­‐u.ac.jp/~oniki/