Iranian Culture and Art

Transcription

1
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Imam Reza shrine-Mashhad
3
Imam Khomeini:
Culture is the basis of the nation. It’s
the basis of the nationality of a nation.
It’s the independency of a nation.
Ayatullah Khamenei:
It’s the culture of a nation that can
make it developed, honored, capable,
technical, creative and internationally
reputable.
Dr. Mahmoud Ahmadi Nejad,
the president of Islamic Republic
of Iran:
Culture is the connection between
human souls and the essence for spiritual
life of man.
4
In the name of Allah
We are honored to hold the first Cultural Week of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Ljubljana,
titled “The Islamic Iran, from the Aspect of Culture & Civilization”, during the residence of
the first Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Republic of Slovenia, with the
participation of Iranian art and culture professionals.
The concept of culture is the most pervasive property and attribute of all societies
and nations, because effects of culture are present in all dimensions of a nation’s life and it’s
as the blood within the body of a nation which flows in all veins and does its work. Therefor
to understand the cultural dimensions and attributes of any nation will lead us to understand
that nation. The presence of culture in all decision making fields, its consistency in public
behaviors, the way of thinking, the way of fulfilling social issues, how to communicate with
others, customs and clothing are just a small part of the different dimensions of cultural
issues in any society. On the other hand, religiousness and the approach of the society
towards scientific and educational issues should also be considered as other important
dimensions of culture in a society. Therefore to display an image which consist all these
dimensions is indeed a difficult work.
Iran and the rich culture of its Muslim citizens are no exceptions to this rule, therefor
the short opportunity of the Cultural Week of the Islamic Republic of Iran in this beautiful
country, Slovenia, will be a small effort to display a page from the thick book of the deep
and rich culture of a great and religious nation with a brilliant history; indeed no matter how
much efficient the cultural officials of our country are but this culture is so pervasive that
we won’t be able to offer all of its dimensions to the discerning audiences in this country.
Therefor we are only trying to present a scene from a huge play so that we could encourage
the desirous of this rich culture to see the rest of this play by travelling to Iran.
The interest of the senior officials and the generous people of Slovenia to the Iranian
culture has encouraged us to hold this event more seriously and therefor the Embassy of
the Islamic Republic of Iran in Ljubljana from its first working days, two years ago, has
had attention to the concept of culture and making the two nations more connected in its
agenda, so by taking these first steps we will make the platform for the other large steps in
future.
At the end while I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the organizers of
this event including the Municipality of Ljubljana, especially H.E. the Mayor of Ljubljana,
the Iranian Cultural Services Board, Safir-e-Danesh Cultural-Artistic Institute and all other
organizers of this Cultural Week, I hope that these efforts from the cultural representatives
of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Slovenia could bring a new perspective about the rich
culture of my country that will result to a desire to know more about Iran.
Mohammad Rahim Aghaeipour
Ambassador Islamic Republic of Iran
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In the name of Allah
Upon the helps of God we are once again honored to be the representative of rich and
strong culture of Islamic Republic of Iran. Upon the mercy of God and physical and spiritual
abilities of Islamic Republic of Iran, we own the pretention of peace and friendship in current
outrageous world. The public sense of the whole world requires peace and quiet more
than ever so the honest and truthful call of Iranian ambassadors of Islamic Republic of Iran
can bring the hearts of all truthful people of earth together and open the light of prosperity
toward the future. “Culture weeks of Islamic republic of Iran” are about introduce Iran in
different cultural eras and shake a hand of friendship with the people all around the world
and represent the countless achievements of Islamic Republic to the world that couldn’t
be achieved without the resistance of the people and help of God. Islamic Republic of Iran
is among the first countries that recognized the independency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
and is after opening new ties in respect of foreign affairs with Bosnia and Herzegovina
upon holding “Culture weeks of Islamic republic of Iran” and create a cultural cooperation
between the two nations.
Hope for peace and friendship in the whole world.
Dr. Hashem Dadashpoor
Chairman of cultural weeks headquarter
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Iranian Art & Culture
Cultural Week of Islamic Republic of IRAN
Safir-e-Andishe-va-danesh
Cultural-artistic institute
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Iranian
Culture
and Art
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Geography
of Iran
Iran with the official name of “Islamic
Republic of Iran” is a country located
in southern west part of Asia with an
area of 1648195 square meters in the
Middle East. Based on the statistics that
have been performed in 2012, Islamic
Republic of Iran has a population of
75000000. The capital of Islamic
Republic of Iran, that is the biggest city
and also the political center, is Tehran.
Islamic Republic of Iran has common
boundaries with Azerbaijan, Armenia and
Turkmenistan from North, Afghanistan,
and Pakistan form East, and Turkey and
Iraq from West. Caspian Sea from North
and Persian Gulf from and Oman Sea
South also surrender this country. The
first two regions are among important
areas for oil extraction.
Islamic Republic of Iran is located in
the middle of Asia and Europe so it
has a crucial situation and is among
the members of United Nation,
Nonalignment
Movement,
Islamic
Conference, OPEC, ECO, and many
other international organizations. Islamic
Republic of Iran has a local power in
Southern west of Asia and play a crucial
role in International Economy because
of oil, petro chemistry, natural gas, car
industry and new technologies.
Naturally, Islamic Republic of Iran is
limited to Atrak River, Caspian Sea
and Aras River from North, Hendukesh
Mountains and Bakhtari mountains of
Sand valley from east, Bakhtari foothills
of Zagros Mountains and spillway of
Arvand River from West and Persian
Gulf and Oman Sea from South. More
than half of Islamic Republic of Iran is
comprised of desert and half desert
areas. About one third of Islamic
Republic of Iran is also mountainous
and a small part is comprised of plains
(south of Caspian Sea and Khouzestan
plain) and also rich plains. The tallest
mountain of Islamic Republic of Iran is
Damavand with a height of 5671 meters.
Geographically, Kelisa Kandi is the
western, Jalegh is the Eastern, Pars
Abad is the Northern and Chabahar is
the southern city of Islamic Republic of
Iran.
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Cultural-Artistic Institute of
Safir-e-Andishe-va-Danesh
10 Iranian
Art Culture
& Culture
Iranian
Damavand Mountain- Tehran
North of Iran
West of Iran
North of Iran
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Alisadr Cave-Hamadan
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Iran
a Cradle of Culture
and Civilization
The history of Iran can be considered in
4 chapters:
1. Iran before Islam
2. Iran after Islam (middle ages)
3. Contemporary Iran (Ghajar and Pahlavi)
4. Current Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran)
1. Iran before Islam
Iran before Islam can be divided in
kingdom of Hakhamanesh, Soluki,
Ashkani, and Sasani.
Hakhamanesh(550-330BC)wasadynasty
in Iran before Islam. Hakhamanesh
turned into a huge kingdom after Cyrus’s
victory over the king of Maad. That’s why
Cyrus is considered as the founder of
Hakhamanesh dynasty. They established
a government that dominated the whole
world except for two third of Greece.
Hakhamanesh is considered as the first
emperor in the history. Soluki, Ashkani
and Sasani dynasties governed Iran
after Hakhamanesh respectively. Islam
found its way to Iran in the period of
Sasanis and Iranian people accepted it
with open arms.
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Takht jamshid (Perspolis)-Shiraz
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2. Iran after Islam (middle ages)
After consecutive years of oppression of different kingdoms, Iranians accepted the call made by Mohammad prophet (peace upon
him) with open arms. Islam penetrated in the heart of people and revolutionized their culture. Two centuries after establishment
of Islamic government, a number of local procurators (away from center of government in Bagdad called for nationalism. Taheris,
Saffaris, and Samanis were among the dynasties that refused to fully obey the Caliphs. Defiance movement and local independency
reached its climax in a way that Turks who resided in North East of Khorasan and served the local authorities, came into power.
In 880 after Hegira, Ismail the king, a Caliph of Sheikh Safiodin Ardebili (well known mystic) defeated the enemies in less than three
years and occupied a huge part of Iran and foiled the attacks made by Ozbaks from East and Osmani from West. After him, King
Tahmasb the first and then Abbas the King came to power. In the second half of 10th century (solar year) people of Iran witnessed
the return of peace and prosperity. In this golden age, the world of Islam turned into pole of science, research and enlightenment and
sciences and techniques such as agriculture, art, economy, music, architecture, law, history, sociology, math, religious, morals, logic,
etc came to existence. Two last kings of Safavi government, Sloeiman the king and Soltan Hossein the king, brought it to extinction.
yazd
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Oljaito Altar-Isfahan
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Agha Mohammad Khan, the head of
Ghajar clan, established the Ghajar
dynasty at the end of 12th century
(solar year). During the years of its
predominance,
colonialist
powers
penetrated in Iran such as Britain and
Russia at the time of Czar. These
governments imposed a number
of agreements to Iran including
Turkamanchay, Golestan and Paris to
separate considerable areas from our
country. The result of these evolutions
was the Constitutional Revolution in Iran.
This revolution included the attempts
and events that have taken place by
religious leaders against Mozafaredin
Shah and Mohammad Ali Shah to
overturn the totalitarian government and
bring a constitutional one into power.
In 1285 (sola year) National Council was
established and the first constitutional
law of Iran was ratified. 1304, Reza
Azadi Tower-Tehran
Pahlavi came to power through a Coup
d’état designed by Britain and Pahlavi
dynasty was established. Within the
government of Mohammad Reza
Pahlavi, the oil industry of Iran became
national upon the leadership of Ayatollah
Kashani and Dr. Mohammad Mosadegh
regardless of all oppositions of crown
and foreigners. It was then postponed
by the American Coup d’état in 1332
until the over throne of Pahlavi. This
prominent intervention contrived the
nationalist uprisings in Iran. The cabinet
of Asadollah Alam, the time prime
minister of Iran, ratified the bill of “state
and province councils” upon an order
made by American government. This
bill removed the provision of Islam from
the requirements for the elections and
regulated taking vow to all Holly books
instead of Quran. This bill was objected
severely by the spirituals, especially
Imam Khomeini. The objections of
people and spirituals led to cancellation
of this American bill. On the other hand,
elected on sextet principals known as
“Social Amendments” upon the order
of America but once again, Imam
prohibited it. From that date on Imam
Khomeini was known as the leader of
Iranians all over the world. After a while,
the totalitarian Pahlavi government
exiled Imam in 1342. By the overturn o
Pahlavi in 1357, Shapour Bakhtiar was
appointed as the prime minister and
Shah left Iran for good in October of
the same year. With the flames of the
revolutionary rage of Iranians, Imam
Khomeini came to Tehran in February ,1
1357 and considered Pahlavi government
as illegal in his speech at the cemetery.
The last generation of kingdoms in Iran
extinguished in February 11 of the same
year.
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Golestan Palace- Tehran
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4. The current Iran
(Islamic Republic of Iran)
Upon the establishment of Islamic Republic of Iran in 1357 led by Imam Khomeini,
once again rays of hope towards Islam appeared among Muslim Iranians. The Islamic
Republic has managed to take the steps on success of after another regardless of all
enemies’ plots including 8 years of imposed war, terrorism of Iranian elites, consecutive
sanctions, etc in all social, scientific and political eras. Islamic Iran is now led by Ayatollah
khamene’e stronger than ever and it travels the way of prosperity and development as
fast as possible and appears as a successful role model of an Islamic government for
the whole world.
Northwest of Tehran
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Milad Tower-Tehran
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Iranian
Art
and
Culture
Iranian culture is rooted in history. Generally, the elements of Islamic Iranian culture
can be divided in below mentioned parts:
1.Persian language
2.Sacraments like Qadir, Fitr, and Qorban celebrations, Qadr nights and mourning
ceremonies like ashura and Tasu’a
3.Nationa l celebrations such as Norouz
4.Mythological characters and symbolic personalities such as Rostam and Sohrab,
Div a
Iranian Painting
Iranian painting that is often mistaken
by Miniature includes the works related
to different durations of Islamic history
of Iran that often appear in the form
illustration of books in literature (Varaghe
and Golshah, Kelile and Demne,
Samak Ayar), science and technology
(Al-Tarayegh, Al- Adviatol Mofrada, AlAghani), history (Jame’-o tavarikh), and
also some religious books like Khavaran
Nameh. The first signs of painting could
be seen in Dousheh cave, in Lorestan
province that can be traced back to
8 to 10 thousand years ago. Upon
the acceptance of Islam in Iran and
formation of Samani, Ghaznavi and Al-e
Bouye governments, Islamic Iranian art
and culture started to become dynamic.
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Architecture in Iran
All archaeology considerations witness that the history of Iran’s architecture can be
traced back to 7th millennium before Christian. This art has always been evolving due
to different factors, especially religious ones ever since.
Iranian architecture has some specifications that are provided with special values
comparing to the architecture of other countries including appropriate design, exact
calculations, the accurate form of coverage, observing technical and scientific issues
in the buildings, high porches, tall columns and finally different adornments that are
simple and at the same time manifest the grace of Iranian architecture,
Iranian calligraphy
Iranian calligraphy is a part of
Islamic calligraphy that has
taken place in Iran and it is
considered not only as Iranian
art honors, but also as Islamic
art honors and even the art of
the globe. Since the major part
of calligraphy of Islam world has
been accomplished by Iranians,
they gradually created special
ways on their own. Although
these way and pens have fans in
other Islamic countries, the major
part rests with Iran. Calligraphy
is known as one of the greatest
forms of visual arts with special
delicacies.
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Soltaniyeh Dome- Zanjan
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Visual Arts
Gilding
Gilding refers to a work of gilt. Gilding
can be considered as a collection of
creative and beautiful designs that
painters and gliders use for making
religious, scientific, cultural, historical,
poetic, art works and calligraphy pieces
more beautiful. In this art, margins of
papers trimness with designs of Khata
flowers and leaves, Eslim branches and
Khata flowers or Eslim and Khata wards.
It can be said that gliding of different
periods of time express the spiritual
status of those periods: the gliding
arts of 4th century are simple and
plain, 5th and 6th century are provided
with dignified and coherent gliding, 8th
century has luxurious of powerful ones
and 9th and 10th century have delicate
and deluxe gliding.
Enamel
Enamel is one of the arts that take place on metal surface. Enamel is the lustrous of
fire and soil with vivid colors with a history of more than 1500 years before Christian.
Indeed, enamel should be called “miniature on fire”.
The oldest examples of enamel prove that like many other arts, enamel was first
created in Iran and then spread to other countries. Enamel art can be considered as
one of the innovative creations of Iranians because the skill of enameller is to handle
fire, soil, color and glaze.
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Iranian Handmade Carpet
primitives
History of carpet is ingrained with
the history of man. Primitives spent
centuries on learning how to bud the flax
and integuments and create industries
such as basketworks and use wool to
make rough mats. The oldest samples
of carpet found by archaeologists is a
carpet known as “Pazirik” because it
has been found in “Pazirik” valley, Gourik
Zadeh, that is 80 kilometers away
external Mongolian at the time of one of
Soka’e kings. The design of this carpet
is similar to the traditional Hakhamanesh
designs that are known to be Iranian
and believe that this carpet is knitted by
“Mad” and “Part” (Old Great Khorasan).
The used colors are hot red, yellow,
light green and orange. The similarity
between mounted and infantryman
walking by their horses and the flying
creatures that are similar to the ones in
Takhtejamshid are the proofs to what
researchers say. Experts also believe
that knitting a carpet with these features
require a cultural and art background in
respect of carpet knitting at least for a
couple of centuries so this profession
has been common in Iran even before
knitting “Pazirik” and Iranians have
decoded it secrets.
Although there’s no clear evidence from
Sasani’s , it can be understood from
the witnesses that Iranian carpet had a
worldwide fame at that time. “Su’e So”,
Chinese magazine”, considered Iranian
carpet is the imported good to China at
that time.
The narrations about “Baharestan”
Carpet in “Tisfoun” castle is more like a
legend because based on its size (90*90
feet) this carpet should at least have a
weight equal to 2 tons but regardless
of exaggerations, the mentioned news
show the abilities of Iranian artists and
that they are pioneers in knitting carpets.
Safavi era was a time for rehabilitation of
art in all its forms. The valuable samples
of art can be seen in famous museums
of the world like Ardabil Carpet made for
the shrine of Sheikh Saf-Al Din Ardabili,
the great ancestor of Safavi and is now
kept in Victoria and Albert Museum.
At the time, reference to the past
traditions and creativity in designs with
the Endeavour of artists can perpetuate
the standing of Iranian carpet in global
markets and develop the art of carpeting
as it has always done.
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Emboss and metal fretwork
Emboss includes adornment and digging designs on metal objects, especially copper,
gold, silver, and. Brass. In other words it includes creation of lines and designs by the
use of a stylus and beat of a hammer on metal objects.
As it is clear from the name, fretwork is the art of making frets to create designs.
Creation of art works by the use of digging lines on objects such as wood, metal,
tile, etc has always been observed I art and industry of this country. But the oldest
works of fretwork in history of Iran are the metal fretworks. The reason may be the
resistance of metal against natural threats. Metal fretwork art, as it is introduced by
the professionals to the world of art today, is the combination of calligraphy on metal,
poetry, gilding, emboss, scrape and cutting.
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Woodcarving
Woodcarving is an art based on engraving and etching on wood based on precise
patterns.
Based on the evidences, woodcarving in Iran can be traced back to more than 1500
years. Iranian woodcarvers used different kinds of cheap woods from inside and
outside the country and apply some simple tools like a number of styluses and metal
chisels to perform their inner thoughts that are usually inspired by traditional values of
Islam and Iran in the form of kufi lines and Eslimi, Khata’e and flower designs.
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Calligraphy painting
Calligraphy painting is a method of modern painting and contemporary Iranian calligraphy
that gradually took place in 30th and 40th solar centuries by Iranian calligraphists and
painters and has continued its existence in art era so far and has spread it to regional
countries. They created a combination of calligraphy and painting and that’s why this
method is sometimes called “Callipainting” or “Calligraphy painting”. “Saghakhaneh”
school in contemporary painting of Iran is the main source of Calligraphy painting.
Some believe that Mohammad Ahsa’e as the founder of Calligraphy painting because
he used letters as a way of conveying meaning.
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Persian Literature
Iranian Music
Iranian music is a collection of sounds
and lyrics that have been formed during
centuries and got evolved along with
other aspects of people’s lives. It is a
reflection of manner, political, social and
geographical events of a nation with a
very deep history. Delicacy and special
consideration of Iranian Music lead men
to contemplating and reaching to an
immaterial world.
Persian literature has a history of 1100 years. Persian poet and prose are the main
types of Persian literature. Some old books with non literature topics such as history,
plainsong and different sciences are also literary valuable and are placed at classic
works of Persian literature.
The fame of some Iranian Poets and writers has passed the boundaries of Iran. Poets
and writers such as Ferdowsi, Saadi, Hafez Shirazi, Mowlavi, Omar Khayam and
Nezami have worldwide fame. Among the well known contemporary literature figures
of Iran we can refer to Nima Youshij, Mohammad Husain Shahryar, Jalal al Ahmad,
Parvin E’tesami, Mohammad Reza Shafi’e Kadkani and Qeisar Aminpour.
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Iran Scientists
Muhammad ibn Musa
al-Khwarizmi
Abu Ja’far Mohammad Ibn Musa
Kharazmi who was born in C. 780 is
one the greatest mathematicians and
astrologists of Iran. His scientific fame
is due to the works he has done in
mathematics, especially Algebra. None
of the mathemat icians in middle ages
had the same mind for mathematics so
he is known as “The father of Algebra”.
Abu Nasr Farabi
Abu Nasr Mohammad Ibn Mohammad
Farabi was born in C. 872 in Farab,
Khorasan province. He is one of the
greatest Iranian philosophers in 3rd and
4th centuries. His fame is owed to his
explanations on Aristotle’s works and
that’s why he is known as “Secondary
Teacher” and placed him after Aristotle.
Al- Jam’ bein-e Raein, eghraz ma ba’do-tabi’ate Aristotlw, Fosul’al Hokm abd
Ehsa-ol-Olum is among his works.
Abu Reyhan Biruni
Abureihan Mohammad-ebne- Ahmad
Birouni who was born in 352 (solar
year), was a great Iranian scientist and
mathematician, astrologist, historian,
and psychologist in 4th and 5th solar
century and some of the researchers
consider him as the greatest philosopher
of the East. The encyclopedia published
by Moscow recalled him as a scientist
for all ages and centuries. His name is
placed on most of universities, faculties,
and libraries and he is known as “the
everlasting professor”.
Mohammad Zakaria Razi
Mohammad Zakaria Razi who was
born in 244 (solar year), was an Iranian
physician, philosopher and chemist with
lots of everlasting works in the field of
medicine, chemistry and philosophy
and he is famous for discovering Alcohol
and Sulfuric acid. As quoted by George
Sarten, Razi is the greatest physician
in Islam and middle ages. To honor his
considerable efforts in pharmaceutics,
Shahrivar the 5th is known as the
remembrance day of this outstanding
chemist and the day of pharmaceutics.
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Hakim Abu’l-Qasim
Ferdowsi
Hakim Abu’l-Qasim Ferdowsi was born
in 940 C.E. in the city of Tus, Khorasan
province. He is the famous Iranian
poet who composed the national epic
of Iranians. He is considered as the
greatest Persian poet. Shahnameh is
the most well-known work of him and
the history of literature in Persia. Joule
Mole (French), Vourlis and Landor
(Dutch), and Y.A. Bert less Rous are
among editors of Shahnameh.
Khayam Neishaburi
Ghiyth ad-Din Khayam Neyshabouri was
born in 1048 in Neyshabour. He was
an Iranian philosopher, mathematician,
astrologist and poet in the period
of Saljughi. Edward FitzGerald has
translated his poems to English and
made him even more famous in West.
Calendar reform is considered as his
most outstanding work at the time when
Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk wass the minister
and Malek Shah Saljughi was the king.
Abu Ali Sina
(Avicenna)
Avicenna who was born c. 980 is
known as one of the most famous and
influential philosophers and scientists
of Iran in the world of Islam. He has
written 450 books in different fields with
most of them related to medicine and
philosophy. George Sarten considers
him as the most famous scientist in
Islamic countries of all times, places and
races. His most famous book is “The
Canon of Medicine”..
Sa’di Shirazi
Abu-Muhammad Muslih al-Din bin
Abdallah, known as Saadi Shirazi who
was born in 1184 C.E. is the Persian
poet and writer. His fame is mostly
due to musical, attractive and strong
Versifications and prose writings. He
is too famous among pro literatures as
they named him “master of speech”.
Garson Dotasi, the French polymath
says: “Saadi is the only Iranian writer
who is famous among Europeans”.
Mewlana Jalal ad-Din
Mewlana Jalal ad-Din, who was born
in 1207 A.D., is among the most famous
Persian poets in Iran. At the age of 37,
Mewlana was the polymath of his age
and people enjoyed his existence until
he met Shams ud-Din Mohammad-ibne
Molkdad Tabrizi and was charmed by
him. During this short visit, Mewlana
started a life of compassion. During
these 30 years he has left the works
that are among the greatest results of
human thought. His mother tongue was
Persian.
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Hafez-e shirazi
Khwaja Shamsu d-Din Muhammad
Hafez-e Shirazi who was born in 1325
C.E., is one the reputable writers in the
world. Most of his poems are Ghazal,
known as Hafez’s Ghazaliat. His poems
were translated to European languages
in 18th and 19th century and his name
has entered to western literature schools.
Goethe, the most genius German poet,
has written his “eastern-western” book
inspired by Hafez’s divan. The second
chapter is titled “Livre de Hafez” that is
equivalent for Hafez Nameh describing
him.
Kamal al-Din Behzad
Kamal al-Din Behzad is among the
greatest and most famous Iranian
miniature painter in 10th solar century.
He spent the youth years beside Alishir
Nava’e and then moved to Husayn
Baygharah in Herat. After the over
throne of Teimuries by Mohammad
Sheibani, he stayed there in Herat and
after ascendancy Shah Ismail the first
over Ozbaks, he moved to Tabriz. He
had a reputable life at the time of Shah
Tahmasb Safavi and finally passed away
in Tabriz.
Allameh Motahhari
Imam Khomeini
Imam Khomeini was born in 1902. He
was gifted with an extraordinary talent
so that he could manage to educate in
different fields of study so fast. Besides
jurisprudence and philosophy, he also
passed the degrees of theosophy
before the most outstanding professors
in Khomein, Arak and Qom. He started
to lead the uprising against inside and
outside totalitarians in 40th decade.
After 15 years of exile, Imam came back
to Tehran in 1978 and led the Islamic
Revolution for 10 years. Imam Khomeini
has written several books in fields
such as theosophy, politics and social
science.
The
martyr
professor,
Ayatollah
Motahhari, was born in 1920. Regardless
of the extreme opposition of Reza Khan,
he joined Qom seminary when he was
young and enjoyed the presence of
Ayatollah Brojerdi and Imam Khomeini
during the 15 years of residency in Qom.
He was beside Imam from the very first
years of Islamic uprising. Proposition
of Islamic ideology through textbooks
and speeches are considered as his
most important attempts. He stayed by
Imam’s side until the victory of Islamic
Revolution until he was killed in action
by Kordel forghan group.
Allameh Tabatabaei
Seyyed Mohammad Husain Tabatabaei
who was born in 1892, known as
Allameh Tabatabaei, is among the
greatest philosophers and analysts
in the world of Islam. He is famous for
Tafsir al-Mizan, the Qur'anic exegesis.
He was also an expert in fields such as
Arabic morphology, meaning, wording,
principals, term, calculation, geometry,
etc.
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Shahriyar
Professor Hessabi
Professor Seyyed Mahmoud Hesabi
who was born in 1903 spent the years
of youth studying physics in Sorbonne
University and received his doctorate
thesis in physics when he was 25. He was
the only Iranian student of Einstein. Dr.
Hesabi was elected as the first scientist
in 1990 by the international community
of scientists. He is also known as “father
of Iranian Physics” by the Iranian Physics
of Iran in 60 years congress.
Soltan Mohammad
the Painter
Soltan Mohammad and Tahmasb Safavi
were contemporaries who lived in Tabriz.
If we consider Kamal al-din Behzad as the
representative painter of East part of Iran
during the government of Teimuri, then
we should consider Soltan Mohammad
as the representative painter of Western
part of Iran during the government of
Safavi. He enjoyed a creative sense to
connect the art language of East to west
by the use of artistic words and create
a work of art that is delicate, integrated,
pleasant and nourishing.
Allameh Ja’fari
Allameh Mohammad Taghi Ja’fari was
born in 1925. He was graduated from
Tehran and then moved to Qom. After
one year and half he went to Najaf in
1948. Afterwards, he started to teach
jurisprudence, especially books such as
Makaseb and Kafaye. He tried so hard to
make a connection between universities
and seminaries and also new sciences
and old ones. 27 volumes regarding
explaining Nahjolbalaghe and 15
volumes of annotating Masnavi Ma’navi
by Mewlavi are among his outstanding
works. He had more than 70 discussions
with international figures such as Barter
and Russell, Roger Garaudy, Professor
abdol Eslam and professor Rosenthal.
Seyyed Mohammad Husain Behjat
Tabrizi, known as Shahriyar, was born in
1906. He was a gifted and talented poet
who has written many poems in Turkish
(Azerbaijan) and Persian languages.
“Heydar Babaye Salam” is considered
as his masterpiece. He passed away in
1988, the day that is called “Poem and
Persian Literature Day” in Iran.
Jalal Al-e Ahmad
Jalal Al-e Ahmad was born in 1923. He
was an Iranian writer and translator. He
was famous for his prose. His compact
and concise prose can be seen in works
such as “The cursing of Land” and “A
Stone upon a Grave”.
36
Iranian
Traditional
Games
Upon knowing native, tribal, local and
traditional Iranian games that are a lot
fun and diverse aside from their cultural
burden, not only we can hand over the
history and tradition of this country to
future generations, but only they can
be considered as excuses to get away
from the consequences of addiction to
technology and give a second meaning
to life.
Regarding the local, tribal and ethnic
diversities in Iran, all sorts of games
have been developed for different
purposes and ran among people. In fact
there have been more than 150 kinds of
traditional games in Iran, though current
generation is not aware of them due to
the changes that have been made by
time and changes in lifestyle. These
games were divided into two groups
of open and closed area and provided
individuals with this possibility to make
the best of their time in every place
and situation. Such games include:
Haft Sang (English equivalent would be
Seven Stones), pulling the rope, tag,
Alak Dolak, Vasati, Ye Ghol Do Ghol, Atal
Matal Tutule, and Top Top Khamir. It’s
admired to take a look at them at least
for the sake of old fashioned values:
Haft Sang
Participants are divided into two equal
groups, each with a selected player
as the leader. One group is placed at
a particular distance from the seven
stones that are stacked up and aim
the stones with a ball one by one.
The second group is supposed to be
waiting at the other side of the stones
so that when the ball shot by the first
group doesn’t hit the stones, they would
change their place with the first group.
But if the first group happens to hit the
stones, the players in second group are
supposed to pick the ball and try to hit
the first group players with it through
passing and aiming. If they get hit, they
would be shaken out from the game.
The first group players also take every
possible chance to sort the stones
again and get a score. The group that
gets scores first would be the winner.
37
than he does.
Atal Matal Tutule:
Zoo
Zoo is a game with a long history and it
still goes on living due to its acceptance
in world of sports. In this game players
are divided into two groups. Two players
in each group would be selected to go
and get the players of the other group’s
players while saying Zoo continuously.
Hide and seek:
A number of players gather together
and select one player randomly. His
eyes would be covered and the rest
of players would hide somewhere. The
former player is supposed to find them
and say it out loud, touch the starting
point and say “Sok Sok”. They players
in hide should be able to do so sooner
This game can even be played by just
one player. You should stretch your legs
and sing the special song. With every
beat you should put your hand on one
of your legs and when the song ends,
the leg that your hand is put on would
be considered as the looser. This goes
on until only one leg is left. Here’s the
translation of the song: Atal Matal Tutule/
How is Hassan’s cow/ No milk and no
breast/ The milk is taken to India/ Get
a Kurdish woman/ Call her Khalghezi
/ With a red rounded hat/ I stoned the
nightingale/ Its voice up to Hassan Bol
/ Hasan Bol is destructed, Bibi Jun’s
heart is broken/ Hachni-o- vachin/
retract one of your legs.
Marbles:
In the past, children (specially boys) used
to digs (five or six) holes with the width of
a palm and depth of two or three fingers,
half meters from each other. They held
small glass balls (twice as much as the
size of a legume in their hands and tries
to toss them with their thumb and middle
fingers to the holes from the start point.
If it went right, the tossing player would
get a score and the other players would
take turns afterwards. In the second
round, the succeeding players should
toss the ball from the first hole with the
same manner, if the player couldn’t hit
the ball, the ball would remain in the
place that is was left until the next round
so that the player could try that again.
This game continues until one of the
players pass all the holes before others,
unless otherwise has been agreed on by
the players. There’s no limitation in the
number of players and this game can be
performed with any number of players.
38
Iranian
Computer
Games
Computer game industry is
developing in Iran based on
religious, historical and moral
factors. Iranian elites could take
considerable steps toward
introducing the culture of Islamic
Iran by the use of computer
games. Here we are going to
introduce you 5 attractive Iranian
games:
Climber
Climber is among the first steps taken in
the field of producing two dimensional
games with the simplest game program
that is “Game Maker”. The game is never
uneventful. Diversity in different levels
and interaction with different animals
like antelopes, spiders and different
environmental elements keep the game
away from any cliché. In this regard, the
producer has tried to use techniques
like winning by getting enough scores,
passing less time than the other players
and some seemingly unreachable parts
so that they way of experiencing the
levels for consecutive times would be
open. Contrary to most Iranian computer
games that are copied from foreign
ones, this attractive and exciting Iranian
game that is designed for “first persons”
over 12 years, is a unique game that is
simple, away from margins, and empty
with claims that can keep you playing for
hours.
Mir Mahna
Mir Mahna takes the players to 17th
century when East India forces have
entered Persian Gulf and occupied a
number of islands including Khark and
started to depredate the resources.
That’s when the Liberal movement of
south takes place with the leadership of
Mir Mahna to fight against Dutch forces.
39
Lothfali Khan Zand
The story of this game goes back to
a number of battles of Lotf Ali Khan
Zand (the last king of Zand family
who was killed by Agha Muhammad
Khan Ghajar). This game included
22 levels with most parts in Zarghan
castle located in north of Shiraz and
the historical city of Kerman. Your
duty in the game is to kill the Ghajr
soldiers and help Lotf Ali Khan to be
in power.
Mediterranean Planet
Mediterranean Planet is an action and
adventurous game. The story take
place in a planet named “J” that is
occupied by a number of aliens. “Tag”
is the protagonist of the story who is
accompanied by a little alien named “V”.
The player can play either as “Tag” or as
“V”. The game is full of puzzles, places,
beautiful and interesting characters
and an attractive story line. There’s
no track of boring and long dialogues
and time consuming puzzles. You can
experience a serial of adventurous and
attractive game that is designed for both
professionals and amateurs.
40
Digital Media
In last two decades, new communication
technology has dramatically changed
instruments and modes of information
processing.
Easy
exchange
and
dissemination of information have brought
fundamental changes in media, cultural
and artistic works. Digital media have
transformed cultural and artistic works
creation and dissemination and generated
new kinds of cultural and artistic works.
Phenomena such as: SMS, online chat,
Bluetooth, games and digital products have
increased the impact of communication
and information instruments on mankind.
The Islamic republic of Iran has heavily
invested on digital media the last decade
and Iran is one of the major producers of
digital products in the word at present.
Iran’s cultural week event in Bosnia and
Herzegovina in cooperation with the
Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
and Center for Information Technology
and Digital Media has tried to offer some
Iranological, historical, religious and literary
digital works to Bosnian audience.
Below, some products are introduced:
English Meshkat
Encyclopedia of the Quran
Esfahan: living museum
• full map of Esfahan
• View location on a map, urban
monuments
• Data entry monuments, tourist,
recreational and urban
Iran view
More than 500 image quality and display
Hrmkan Balatvzyh about location, full
digital map of Iran
Geography of the Muslim World
first digital version Geography of the
Muslim world›s
Salat
learning Prayer for children in English.
41
Noor-e-saffat
• International and multimedia software
Quran
• 8 translated into seven languages
worldwide (English, Russian, German,
Urdu, French, Turkish, Spanish)
• Smart Dictionary (Arabic, Persian,
English to Arabic, English to Persian,
Persian to English, English to Arabic,
Arabic to English)
Salsabill
This software includes 8 14 Persian
translation English translation 27
Translation Other languages, 5 of
commentary, topical dictionary words
Quran, Qoran vocabulary list, search,
and repeat the verses.
Encyclopedia Atlas of Iran
• Three models of the road map, satellite
• search any location on the Google search
engine
• Online display anonymous location data
to identify the smallest detail on the map
• View Pilgrimage Places - Touring on the
map
Mobile persian
Court sets of 34 prominent Iranian
poet, Poetry, word search and can
produce output files as text and
pictures
Siyab-e hijab
• Treasure Clothes, Covering history,
philosophy, coverage, and the
coverage of Fashion
• mode and fashion and fashion, hijab
and media coverage in the West
Mobile Quran
7 multilingual user interface (Persian
- Urdu - Arabic - English - Spanish French - Italian)
42
Iranian cuisine
Ira cuisine includes one of the most
perfect nutritious in the world. Iranian
stews and pottages (traditionally)
prove that Iranian women had an
exact condition of the foods and their
components and gained considerable
achievements in combining them.
Combination of different food groups
such as grain, cereal, vegetable and
plant and animal protein can be seen
in all foods.
43
General properties of
Iranian food
and its standing in the
world
One of the fortes of Iranian culture
that represents the standing of art in
it is Iranian food. In all cultures foods
are considered as ways to satisfy the
physical urges of body and at the same
time a means for enjoying life the most,
but in Islamic Republic of Iran and many
other similar countries more pleasure
is to be found in foods so the foods
are more diverse and complicated. In
Persian language, a place where food
is served is called “Sofreh khaneh”
(equivalent for restaurant).
Iranian stews are somehow similar to
Indian food, but hot curries are used
more frequently in Indian foods. Even
the manner of brewing rice is similar
in Islamic Republic of Iran and India.
Preparation time of Iranian food is longer
than western foods.
Iranian foods can be categorized in
following groups:
• All kinds of pottage, porridge,
Eshkaneh and Kale Joush.
• All kinds of stock, soup and broth.
• All kinds of dumpling, meatball and
dim sum.
• All kinds of diaries.
• All kinds of cutlet, rissole and falafel.
• All kinds of Tah Dig.
• All kinds of rice, rice and stew and
mixture of rice with other materials.
• All kinds of stew and Ghalye.
• All kinds of kebab and chicken kebab.
• Mixture of yogurt and spinach, Bean
and lentil stews, mixture of spinach and
egg, Mosama.
• All kinds of sweets, deserts and syrup.
• All kinds of pickles, pastes, and spices.
• All kinds of Tah Chin.
• All kinds of seasoning and flavors.
• All traditional dishes with meat,
chicken, shrimp and fish.
• All kinds of dishes with Kaleh, Pacheh,
del, Gholveh, Maghz and Sirabi.
Iranian Breakfast:
Breakfast is among the main meals in Iranian culture but it has recently lost its standing.
Lentil stews, porridge and broth have always been common breakfasts for the Iranian
people. They include grains (wheat), cereal (lentil), and also white meat (turkey meat
is used in porridge) along with edible oil (increase energy). Because of the demands
for this kind of breakfast, selling lentil used to be a job but that’s no longer the case.
Of course selling porridge and broth is still common. makanan masih memiliki banyak
pembeli.
44
Iran Today
P
e
r
s
ia
n
G
u
lf
45
Safir-e-Andishe-va-danesh
Cultural-Artistic
Institute of
Cultural-artistic
institute
Iran
Today
46
Iran Today
Everlasting faces
USTAD
Mahmoud
Farshchian
{Born in: 1929}
Professor Mahmoud farshchian got
educated by the pioneers such as Haj
Mirza Agha Emami and Professor Isa
Bahadoru. He went to Europe to learn
the beautiful arts and started to study
and worked in the museums. Critics and
cognoscente of the world have always
admired his works and his paintings are
hung in reputable museums all over the
world. He owns a special school and
style of painting in Iran. Without room
for question his most remembered
painting is the one known as “Noon
in Ashura”. He restates: “Three years
before revolution my mother advised
me to listen to dirge. I told her that I had
something to do in my room and that I’d
go later. I had a strange feeling. I entered
the room, picked up the pen and started
“Noon in Ashura”. The painting that you
see now is exactly what I drew that day.”
Professor has granted the paintin to
Astan Qods Razavi museum
Professor
USTAD
REZA DAVARI
GHOLAM HOSEIN
ARDAKANI
(Born in: 1933)
After graduating from high school, Dr.
Reza Davari Ardakani spent a while
studying Islamic sciences. He then
continued his education in Philosophy
at Tehran University. At the moment he
teaches philosophy in Tehran University
and is a permanent member of science
academy of Islamic Republic of Iran. Dr.
Davari has published many articles and
books so far including: poets in hardship,
Farabi, the founder of Islamic Philosophy,
The current status of thinking in Iran,
Nationalism and national government,
Islamic revolution and current global
issues, the standing of philosophy in
history of Islam, Defending Philosophy,
Philosophy in crisis and Philosophy in
20th century (translated).
AMIRKHANI
{Born in: 1929}
Professor Mahmoud farshchian got
educated by the pioneers such as Haj
Mirza Agha Emami and Professor Isa
Bahadoru. He went to Europe to learn
the beautiful arts and started to study
and worked in the museums. Critics and
cognoscente of the world have always
admired his works and his paintings are
hung in reputable museums all over the
world. He owns a special school and
style of painting in Iran. Without room
for question his most remembered
painting is the one known as “Noon
in Ashura”. He restates: “Three years
before revolution my mother advised
me to listen to dirge. I told her that I had
something to do in my room and that I’d
go later. I had a strange feeling. I entered
the room, picked up the pen and started
“Noon in Ashura”. The painting that you
see now is exactly what I drew that day.”
Professor has granted the paintin to
Astan Qods Razavi museum
47
(Born in: 1934)
Dr. Ghloam Husain Ebrahimi Dinani
is considered as one of the most
distinguished graduates from both
systems, that is university and seminary.
After graduation from university he
was charmed with theology and got
accepted in Nimaroud School in
Isfahan. Then he joined Qom seminary
and learned jurisprudence from Imam
Khomeini and Seyyed Mohammad
Damad. He got educated by great
professors such as Allameh Tabatabaei
and Ayatollah Seyyed Abolhasan Rafiei
Ghazvini. He got his B.A degree in 1966
for the University of Theology and got his
Ph. D in philosophy in 1973. He started
teaching in Mashhad University from
1973 to 1983 and from 1983 on started to
teach Philosophy in Tehran University.
He was elected as an everlasting face in
the first conference of everlasting faces
in 2001.
Professor
GHOLAM HOSEIN
IBRAHIMIDINANI
Ayatollah javadi amoli was born in 1933
in Amol,he went to qom relegious school
after passing elementary levels of his
releginus programs.he was in the class
of Imam khomeini,ayatollah borujerdi
and ayatollah mohaqeq.after revelution
of iran he was one of the closest person
to Imam Khomeini and in the last years
of cold war he delivered the message of
imam khomeini to gurbachev.
Allameh
javadi amoli
(Born in: 1937)
Professor Majid Samiei is the famous
Iranian physician and neurosurgeon. At
the moment he is the chief neurosurgeon
at Global Federation of neurosurgeons
and chief of Hanover neuron science
hospital in Germany. Professor Samiei
has educated many students that are
neurosurgeons in different parts of the
world and perform a conference in
different countries each year to honor
him. Dr. Samiei is very active right now
and is performing difficult brain surgeries
with a unique skill and takes part in
most of the brain and neurosurgery
conferences of the world. He loves his
country and tries so hard to improve
brain and neurosurgeries in Iran. He was
considered as honorific professor of
Tehran University in October 2nd, 2011.
Professor
MAJIDSAMIEI
48
Iran Today
USTAD
USTAD
MAJID
SHAHRAM
ENTEZAMI
(Born in: 1947)
Professor Majid Entezami has studied
music along with his 2 brothers inspired
by the father, Ezatollah Entezami.
He started to learn music at Tehran
conservator and went to Berlin
Government University in Western
Germany to educate with professors
such as Carl Schtine and Luther Koch.
He played solo in Berlin in Germany and
Nancy, Marcy and Lion in France. He
returned to Iran in 1974 and cooperated
with orchestra symphonic of Tehran and
started to teach in Tehran University and
supreme music school. He achieved 4
crystal Simorghs in Fajr movie, 2 honor
diplomas from the same festival and
nominated for Fajr festival two times.
NAZERI
Born in: 1949
Professor Shahram Nazeri is the Iranian
singer, musician and great Iranian and
Kurdish music teacher. He enjoyed
mowlana poems in most of his works
and could manage to create a new
music style that is a combination of
epical and theosophy literature within
30 years of his activity. Aside from using
Mowlavai poems, he was pioneer in
using contemporary Persian poems
along with traditional Iranian music. He
has released more than 40 albums so
far. One of his outstanding features
is his special attention to myths and
performing research in respect of
epical accents that are lost in Iranian
songs. He is the first singer who has
performed years of research for reading
Shahnameh.
USTAD
ALI MOALLEM
DAMEGHANI
Born in: 1951
After getting graduated from high school
in semnan and Shahroud, Professor
Ali Mo’alem Damghani continued
his education in faculty of law and
literature of Tehran University and then
he continued his studies in this field,
especially composition of revolutionary
poems. Islamic Revolution has affected
his life seriously that allocated the
content of contemporary poems to
him. Professor Ali Mo’alem Damghani is
among the poets who compose poems
in respect of revolution and theosophy.
49
50
Iran Today
Nuclear Energy
of I ra n
From 2003 when nuclear file of Islamic
Republic of Iran suddenly turned into
focal attention as the result of Western
countries efforts, this issue has gradually
became something common and legal
upon the efforts of official, especially
supreme leader of Islamic Republic
of Iran. The important point was that
Islamic Republic of Iran could manage to
achieve nuclear technology for peaceful
purposes without getting help from west
and this development was unachievable
for many countries because every country
that was looking for nuclear technology
should have asked for the help of one
of nuclear powers. That’s the reason
why to all oppositions and obstacle
makings of many countries. Regardless
of all imposed expenses, this issue has
led to promotion of Islamic Republic and
achieving nuclear technology emerged
later on. Here we are going to introduce a
number of nuclear scientist martyrs who
have been active in the field of nuclear
technology.
Nuclear martyrs of Islamic
Republic
Dr. Masoud Alimohammadi
Dr. Masoud Alimohammadi was born
in Tehran in 1959. He got his B.S from
University of Shiraz (1985) and M.S (1988)
and Ph. D (1992) degrees from Sharif
University in radical bosons. He was
among first Ph. D students of physics
in Islamic Republic of Iran and the first
to receive it. He has published 10s of
ISI articles. Martyr Ali Mohammadi was
among one of the best of International
Kharazmi Festival in 2007 that stood at
2nd place in respect of bosom research.
He started teaching in Tehran University,
Physics faculty from 1995 but he was
finally killed in action when he was leaving
the house by a remote bomb when he
was 50.
Martyr Majid Shahriari
Martyr Majid Shahriari was born in Zanjan
in 1966. He was accepted in Amir Kabir
University in Electronic while achieving the
second place in Entrance Exam in 1984.
He got his Ph. D in nuclear technology
in 1998 from Amir Kabir University. Dr.
Shahriari became a member of Shahid
Beheshti University board in 2006 by the
formation of nuclear engineering faculty.
Holding rounds such as “getting
acquainted with calculating codes
of nuclear reactors” are among his
experiences. One of the important plans
of Dr. Shahriari is the theoretic plan
related to creating the new generation of
nuclear reactors that had a considerable
reflection in scientific centers of the
world. He was among the chief experts
of fighting Stacks net computer worm.
Finally this sophisticated scientist and
nuclear physic professional of Shahid
Beheshti University was killed in action
51
in October 30th, 2010 by Drake Spy
Organization terrorist operations.
Martyr Dr. Daryoush Reza’e
Nejad
Martyr Dr. Daryoush Reza’e Nejad was
born in 1977 in Abdanan town in Ilam
province. He continued his education
in M.S in the field of power electronic in
1999. He has written a number of articles
in his area of profession and managed a
number of research plans.
As a result of his scientific activities lots
of European universities have invited him
but he refused to accept their scholarship
because of his love and affection to his
hometown.
Martyr Daryoush Reza’e Nejad had the
responsibility of teaching and managing
research plan in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti
and Khaje Nasiedin Tousi universities.
Besides, he was appointed as the deputy
manager of Islamic Republic of Iran’s
Atomic Energy Agency while he was only
34. He was accepted for Ph. D in Khaje
Nasir University in 2010 but he was killed
in action by spy services in 23 July, 2010.
Martyr Mostafa Ahmadi
Roshan
Martyr Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan was born
in Tehran in 1979. He was graduated from
Sharif University in Chemistry in 2002. He
had a lot of ISI articles in both Persian and
English. He was a Ph. D student in Sharif
Industrial University and was considered
as one of its elites. He was working as
commerce assistant of nuclear site in
Natanz but he was killed in action by
outsiders in January 2010 ,11.
52
Iran Today
Science and Technology
developments in Islamic
Republic of Iran
Upon the elapse of 3 decades from the Islamic Revolution, Islamic Republic of Iran
could manage to accomplish a considerable number of achievements in science and
technology eras. Each of these achievements adds to the inspirational power of the
Islamic revolution. The latest report in “Nicher” magazine in respect of the trend of
developments of science in 2011 admits that Islamic Republic of Iran had a %20 growth
of science that comes to the first place of scientific growth for the second time. Here,
some scientific achievements are briefly explained
1. Neo medications
One of the indicators of developed
countries is their ability to treat diseases
and to produce appropriate medications.
Developed countries use this indicator
as a humanitarian act and let themselves
to interfere with the issues of developing
countries accordingly like African
countries. Islamic Republic of Iran could
manage to achieve considerable goals
in this regard. Aimod for treatment of
HIV, Interferon Alpha for the treatment of
virus infections, Gafron for treatment of
type C hepatitis and Salmetron for the
treatment of respiratory diseases are
among these goals
2.The technology of making
and dispatching satellites
One of the indicators of power at
international level in the ability of making
and dispatching satellites because
this technology is among the most
complicated ones. Any country that
can manage to use the space, would
consequently add to its power in many
different way. Islamic Republic of Iran is
the first Islamic countries that can make
this technology happen. This success
had several effects in international
reputation of Islamic Republic of Iran.
53
3. Nano Technology
Iran is one of the four countries that could publish Nano standard based on its local
science. The level of Nano science and technology of Iran equals with countries
such as Germany, Japan and America. Nano is one of the new areas that brought
validity for the Islamic Republic of Iran. Nanoscope, that is turning to a common gift
and is sent by the president to heads of other countries as gifts, is only one of the
achievements in the field of Nano. Based on the latest statistics of the World Research
Center, Islamic Republic of Iran has the first ranking in the region and among Muslim
countries in this regard. Iran’s ranking of Nano technology in the world is 14.
54
Iran Today
High Education
System of Iran
High educational system has a
considerable history in culture and
civilization of Iran. For the first time
ever, Amir Kabir gave scholarship to a
number of students and instituted DarAl Fonun in 1851 and used professors
from overseas. Tehran University and
high educational centers formed after
the institution of Dar-Al Fonun.
After the victory of Islamic Revolution in April,
1980, the legal bill related to the formation
of supreme council of culture and high
education was enacted by Revolution
Council and after that an institution known
as “cultural revolution” formed upon the
University entrance exam
order of supreme leader and requests
of Muslim students based on making
fundamental changes in universities. This
institution played the most crucial role in
cultural and educational policy makings of
the country.
High educational system of Islamic
Republic of Iran refers to AA, BA and BS,
MA and MS, and Ph. D at the moment.
There are more than 400 active
universities and high educational
centers in Islamic Republic of Iran today.
There are 3700000 students are active
in 2241 high educational centers of the
country. In 2010 more than 18000 research
and articles of Iranian researchers have
been registered in ISI. Also about 21000
scientific articles have been exhibited in
Scopus international center that show
the increasing trend of scientific growth
of Islamic Republic of Iran. Islamic
Republic of Iran stands at 21th place
in making science in 2011 based on its
10224 articles of Iranian scientists. This
growth refers to the reality that Islamic
Republic of Iran has institutionalized the
production of science in universities and
research centers and the increase of
this amount can result in more brilliant
future of Islamic Republic of Iran.
55
University of Tehran
56
Iran Today
Religious Minorities
in Islamic Republic of Iran
Institutionalization of Islamic manner in
life context and applying it is among
the well known characteristics of Islam
that are one of the duties of Islamic
government. Islamic Republic of Iran
is a government of mercy, forgiveness
and decency. In this government man
would be free from any kind of slavery,
colonization and exploitation so that he
can live in a way the God would want
him to.
During the first years of emergence of
Islam, Muslims and religious minorities
have achieved their fundamental rights
as human beings. Now, in Islamic
Republic of Iran that is rooted by
Imam Khomeini and led by Ayatollah
Khamenei, all Muslim and non Muslim
individuals can achieve their fundamental
rights. But aside from achievements
of Islamic Republic in order to stabilize
the rights of minorities in legislation and
execution, some countries still continue
their animosity with Islam and Islamic
Republic and aside from political, military
and economical threats, try to ruin the
face of Islamic Republic by the use of
media attacks.
Free thinking and freedom is among
the facts that all Muslims throughout the
history of Islam have always observed
and this is even emphasized by Imam
Khomeini. He was the friend of all the
poor and deprived people all over
the world with every path of thinking
they had. He provided all religious
minorities with this right of freedom. At
the beginning of revolution Imam didn’t
impose the Islamic government on
Iranian nation and different religions but
he provided all individuals with a right to
choose and Iran nation chose Islam with
the majority of votes.
In article 13 of constitutional law the right
to free choice of religion and rituals for
different religions are recognized for all
residents of Islamic Republic of Iran.
Also in article 64 of constitutional law,
participation of non Muslim minorities
in Islamic Council has received a
considerable attention. These majorities
are entitled with the right to express their
viewpoints about Islamic government
under the framework of rules and
regulations of Islamic Republic of Iran.
Hereunder we will discuss a number of
churches in Islamic Republic of Iran:
Sourp George Church
This church is located in Vahdat Islami
square in Tehran, Ghom-o-Dole mall. It
was built in 1790 to 1795 as a village altar
and was turned to church in 1835. Then
it was rebuilt in 1882 in current form. This
area was allocated to Armenians during
those years. Every year in memory of
holy George in first 10 days of September,
praying rituals are performed in this
church. Beautiful writings can be seen
on grave stones.
Vanak Church
This church is located in Jolfa, Isfahan
province and it was built at the time of
Shah Abas the second. The Armenian
equivalent for Vanak is comprehensive.
This church is also known as Sen Sour
and Amna Perkij. In was built in 1605 in
Burberry gardens and was developed
after 50 years as the current form. This
church has big domes, tall walls and
57
beautiful twins. The main prayer room of
church parallelogram is divided into two
foursquare. The first part is nave and
the second part, under the dome, is a
place for performing retuals and sings
religious songs.
Saint Mariah Church
This church is located in Western
Azerbaijan. It is also known as Dezor
Dezor that is located in Macu town, 12
Kilometers away from North West. This
place was built by Bishop Bastachi
Zachary during 1315 to 1324. It is built
with carved stones of different sizes.
The view of church is very plain and
sides of windows and absorbents are
adorned with delusive columns that go
to a gable arc. The builders of church
carved the stones in a way that they can
be attached as bolts.
Saint stpanus Church
This church is located near Aras River
in Western Azerbaijan 26 kilometers
away from western part of jolfa in a
region called “Gharye Ghezel Vang”
that means “Red abbey”. This place is
near “Darreh Sham” village, Aras Town,
near the District of Poldasht Makou.
One of the most beautiful and famous
Armenian churches are this church with
its beautiful architecture. Saint stpanus
Church was registered in UNESCO in
2008.
Nagorno Church ( ghare kelisa ) in West Azarbaijan province
Counter Church
Counter Church is a small church but
like other churches it has a cross design
and its altar is directed to the East.
The polygonal plan, red brick view and
enameled bricks along with innovation
in form of architectural adornments
make this building made this unique
comparing to other buildings of Qazvin
Province. The entrance of church leads
to a small porch, half a meter from the
ground with a crescent arc from west
and then opens to the main hall with two
small rooms in south and north parts.
Each room is opened to the outside
area with horseshoe windows.
58
Cultural Week
Cultural
Islamic
Republic
IRAN
1. Visual Arts
2. Music Concert
3. Puppet Theater
4. Book Shop
Week
of
of
59
60
Cultural Week
The Quran illuminator and painter
Abdollah
Moharami
Born in Tehran in 1967.
Got an honorary diploma from
Athens municipality for taking part in
Municipalities Exhibition in 1997.
Active member of Swedish World of
Art Company in Stockholm since 1999.
Had a Quranic illumination exhibition
in Lahore University in 2007.
Held a painting and illumination
exhibition in United Arab Emirates in
2008.
Held an exhibition and a workshop
in Iran culture week in Sudan in 2009.
Opened an individual exhibition and
ran a workshop in Iran culture week in
Johannesburg in 2011.
Held an exhibition in Iran culture
week in Tunisia in 2012.
Offered an illumination course in
Tunisia in 2012.
61
62
Cultural Week
Embosser on Metal
Mohammad Mahdi
Babakhani
Born in Sarband in 1974.
Professor of metalwork in Arak University
(Applied Science University)
Participated in Iran Cultural week, Bucharest ,
Romani. 2012
Participated in Persian Artifacts & Handicrafts,
Doha, Qatar. 2011
Algiers, Algeria. 2006
Participated in Persian Artifacts & Handicrafts in
Global Village, Dubai, UAE. 2006
Dubai, UAE. 1998
63
64
Cultural Week
Enameler
Monir
Salehizadeh
Born in Esfahan in 1972.
18- years experience in designing and making
enamel.
Educated and trained by master Vafi, master
Faghihi and master Mesripour.
Came in third in Razavi National Festivals in
2008 and 2009.
Got an excellence certificate in enamel production
in 2011 from UNESCO.
Participated in several international biannual
enamel exhibitions.
Participated in various Iranian exhibitions in
Esfahan, and Mashhad.
65
66
Cultural Week
Potter
Mohammad
Mirshafiie
Born in Qom in 1982.
MA in Islamic Art (pottery and
ceramics).
Participated in several exhibitions
in countries such as France,
Tajikistan, China, Turkey and Iraq.
came in first in fourth and fifth
Razavi Festivals in 2009 and 2008.
chosen as one of the best Iranian
artists in 2012.
Awarded a letter of appreciation
from Iran’s supreme leader’s office
in 2012.
Received a certificate of
appreciation from the Quran
international exhibition in 2007.
Participated in a various
handicraft exhibitions in Iranian cities
such as Tehran, Yazd, Golestan,
Mashhad and Tabriz.
67
68
Cultural Week
Calligrapher
Tahereh
Hashemipour
Born in Arak in 1981
Has a calligraphy master certificate.
Chosen as one of the best artists in calligraphy in university
students’ visual art exhibition in Tehran in 2005 ,2003.
Participated in United Arab Emeritus biannual international Alburda
Award in painting-calligraphy in 2012 ,2011.
Held an individual painting-calligraphy exhibition in UNESCO gallery
in Tehran in 2012.
69
70
Cultural Week
Calligrapher
Mahdi
Atriyan
Born in Esfahan in 1957.
Received Excellence Art
Certificate from Ministry of
Culture and Islamic Guidance in
2008.
Received Senior Master
Certificate from the Iranian
Calligraphy Society in 2009.
Member of the high council of
the Iranian Calligraphy Society for
5 terms.
Permanent member of
representatives association of
Iranian calligraphers.
Winner of the special award
in Istanbul first international
competition (IRCICA) in 1987.
Came in first in Shikasta in
Istanbul international competition
(IRCICA) in 1990.
Came in third in Nasta’liq in
Istanbul international completion
(IRCICA) in 1998.
in Nastal’liq and Nastal’iq Jeli in
Istanbul international competition
(IRCICA) in 2001.
in Chalipa Nastal’iq in Istanbul
seventh international competition
(IRCICA) in 2007.
Winner of the best work
award in Teheran Islamic world
calligraphy competition in 1998.
Participated in Istanbul
international competition for the
best calligraphy works for five
times.
Participated in Iranian
calligraphers exhibitions in
Azerbaijan1997 and Pakistan in
1986.
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72
Cultural Week
Mosaic Wood
Mohsen
Kaveh
Born in Tehran in 1982.
Awarded the top- notch art degree from the Department of Culture
and Islamic Guidance
Teaches the MA Students of Tabriz Islamic Arts University
Teaches in Sura Cultural Heritage and Education Center of higher
education University
Chosen in the ninthe Wooden painting exhibition of the iranian
Cultural Heritage Arts Organization (January 2007)
Attended and presented some works at international exhibitions such
as: Italy, UAE, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sudan, Algeria
Attendance and presentations at international exhibitions such as:
Italy, UAE, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sudan, Algeria
73
74
Cultural Week
Mezrab
Music Group
Mezrab
Mezrab Ensemble was stablished in 2006
by the guardianship of Jamshid Safarzadeh.
The band has performed so many concerts
in different cities of Iran such as Shiraz, Sari,
Yazd, Tehran and also in countries such as
Denmark, Sweden, Cyprus and Russia.
Jamshid Safarzadeh
Santour
Born:1982-Tehran.
Learning Piano with Mr.
Ghavami and Santour with Ali
Tahriri
Having Background of Music
teaching in Tehran’s best
Music schools for 8 years
Membership in Group “Shahnaz”
under the supervision of Master
Majid Derakhshani and Vocal
of Master Mohammad Reza
Shajarian.
Execution of concert in
Denmark, Sweden, Cyprus,
Indonesia, Russia and
Germany , Sweden , Greece
and Romania.
Majid Hosseinkhani
vocalist
Born: 1979 – Kerman.
Studied singing by the side of
Late Master Iraj Bastami and
Master Aliasghat Shahzeidi.
Publishing the successful
album named “Toranjestan”
composed by Master Majid
Derakhshani and Houman
Mahdavian on Poems from
famous poets of Kerman.
Performing several concerts
with” Neyestan” band
including in the opening of
“Fajr” music festival.
Amin Dadvari
Daf
Born: 1980-Tehran
Learning to play the Daf by
the side of Sadegh Tarif and
Mehrdad Karim Khavari.
Working with Master Majid
Derakhshani in the Mah
Ensemble and performing
concert in Iran.
performing concert with soor
Emsemble in Sufi Festival in
Indonesia.
Performing concert with Avaye
Mehrabani band in Azerbaijan.
Performing concert with
Tarabnakan band in Sweden
and Denmark.
Playing in the album Halghe
Rendan and Yadegare Yar.
Mehrdad Nasehi
Kamancheh
Born : 1982-Tehran
Graduated from Soureh music
academy
Learning Kamancheh by
Saeed Faraj Pouri, aliakbar
shekarchi, ardeshir kamkar,
taking part in master
mohammadreza lotfi courses.
Member of choral band of
Tehran symphonic orchestra
since 2000 as bass singer
Chosen as the best player
of Kamancheh in the general
festival: “Melody of correlation”
and fajr festival.
Cooperating with master
Mohammadreza shajarian
in shahnaz group with
management of majid
derakhshani as a fix member
since 2004
Majid Molania
Tar
Born:1980-Tehran.
Learning to play the Tar by
the side of Nima Ferydooni,
Hamid Khabbazi and Darush
Pirniakan.
Performing with the Tehran
Symphonic Orchestra,
conducted by Manouchehr
Sahbaei.
Performing a concert in
UNESCO headquarters in
PARIS to mark Molana’s birth
anniversary, France.
Founding the Soor Ensemble
in 2010 and heading the band
and performing concert in
Sufi Music Festival with this
group in Indonesia.
performing concert with Soor
Ensemble in Greece and
Sweden
performing concert with Soor
Ensemble in Romania
Kamran Yaghoubi
Tombak
Born:1981- Tehran.
performing many concerts in
Iran.
performing concert in:
Molana ceremony in France.
performing concert
in Chaykofski
conservatuar(Russia).
performing concert in
Germany and holand.
75
Cultural-Artistic Institute
Puppet Theatre
Mehdi Habibi (writer and
director):Head and founder of the
white and black group
He 1981 began theater
performance for Fajr International
Theater Festival and awarded
premier writer and director as well
as scene developer of the twentyeighth Fajr International Film Festival.
He attended Emirate weekly
Cultural festival and the second
theater festival in Bandi Jan of Ira.
His theatergroup, the white and
black group awarded the most
active group performance in 8th
street theater festival in 2010.
ChelCheloon
The summary of the play:
This play is one of the old rituals of malayers villages which is called “kaseh
Gardoon”. This ritual is done by the people of a village at the last day of fall,named ‘
yalda’ ( december 1st). In this day, they go to other villages in vicinity and howk the
coming of winter. They put their bowls in front of doors in order to recive fruit and
sweets from the villagers instead of the good news which they gave them. At the end
the people in who are in “kaseh Gardoon” band pray for the villagers and wish them
blessing and good health. And in order to show their respects and thanks to them,
they perform their ritual dancing in the main square of the village.
white and black group
76
Cultural Week
Book Show
Book is mirror the full development of
civilization, culture and civilization, and
one of the main indicators for measuring
community development in today›s
world. Attention of managers and
planners around the world, especially
the books published in the field, has
demonstrated the importance of books
in the world today. Book publishing
is a very important contribution to the
cultural strategic planning and today
one of the largest cultural and economic
activities. Latest statistics released
by the United Nations Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) shows
the book, Islamic Republic of Iran has
one of the world›s top 10 countries.
Therefore, the prominent display of
books on literary, artistic, scientific,
religious and cultural tourism sector in
Iran has every Cutural week of Islamic
Republic of Iran.
This book refers to the mystic and
spiritual meanings of Hajj and guides to
the most perfect form of practicing the
rituals of Hajj
This book provides principals and
branches of the religion in addition to
indicating its practical methods.
The Persian name of this book is
“Shenakhte Islam”. Authors of this
admirable work attempted to prove the
obligation of religion to humankind. In
result, Islam is proved as the best religion
This book shows some events that reveal
the high traits and the wise behaviors
of the prophets. It shows examples
and lessons of the mannerism of the
prophets.
Below, some Books are introduced:
77
This book is a guide for interpreting
Persian literature and poetry. It is
translated, Sir Arthur Arberry, Edward
Fitzgerald, Sir Edwin Arnold, James
Atkinson, Gertrude Bell, Edward Brown
and others from Persian to English.
This book is excellent in translation
of subtle «Jalal al-Din Muhammad
Rumi,» poems.it fits the story and
script miniatures Guest Professor «Amir
Ahmad Falsafi» is decorated.
This book is clear and eloquent
translation Reuben Levy, consisting of
a collection of stories from the history
of the Persian Empire›s domination by
Arab Muslims, thanks to the beautiful
miniature paintings, is depicted.
This book is translation of Hafiz›s
“Famous iranian lyricism” poetry that
has been translated into English by Dr.
Esmaiel Salami.
This book introduces different aspects of
life, art and architecture Tehran, including
customs, religious ceremonies, markets,
houses, temples, palaces, etc.
This book is a fascinating photo
album from Beautiful Landscapes and
Perspectives of Iran.
Damavand Mountain- Tehran

Iranian Culture and Art

Transcription

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