A Journey in Time. The Remarkable Story of Seiko

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MEETING THE 0RESIDENT OF THE *APAN
!SSOCIATION OF !THLETICS &EDERATIONS
TESTEDTHESTOPWATCHES)HADBROUGHT
WITHMEvHEEXPLAINEDLATER *USTONE
OFTHEMODELWATCHESSEEMEDTO
HAVE A PROBLEM n THE SECONDS HAND
WASNOTABLETOSYNCHRONISEWITHTHE
OTHER HAND4HE *!!& 0RESIDENT WAS
SHARP WITH ME SAYING@)F THIS HAPPENS
AT TOMORROWS #OMMITTEE MEETING IT
WILLALLBEOVERINANINSTANT 3O)WON
DEREDWHATTODO4HEREWASNTENOUGH
TIME TO lX IT AND TESTING THE REST
OF THEM COULD POSSIBLY CAUSE MORE
DEFECTS SO ) ELIMINATED THE DEFECTIVE
WATCH4HEN ) LISTENED TO THE TICKING
OF THE MODEL WATCHES AND ELIMI
NATED THE QUIETEST ) TOOK THOSE THAT
REMAINEDTOTHEMEETINGTHENEXTDAYv
4HE STOPWATCHES WERE TESTED
BY TWO #OMMITTEE MEMBERS -R
0AIN THE (ONORARY 3ECRETARY OF THE
3EIKOHASDEVELOPEDSPECIAL
TIMEPIECESFORMANYDIFFERENTSPORTS
4HISEXAMPLEMEASURESTHENUMBER
OFSTROKESPERMINUTEINROWING
COMPETITIONS)THELPSROWERSADJUST
THEIRSTROKERATEBUTISNOTUSEDFOR
OFFICIALTIMING
#(!04%2
)NTERNATIONAL!SSOCIATION OF!THLETICS
&EDERATIONS )!!& AND -R 0AULEN
0RESIDENTOFTHE)!!& -R0AULENWAS
PARTICULARLY CONlDENT ABOUT HIS STOP
WATCH TIMING SKILLS (E ALWAYS CARRIED
ASTOPWATCHAROUNDANDWASREPUTED
TO lLE A COMPLAINT WHENEVER AN OFl
CIALTIMEDIFFEREDFROMHISOWNTIMING
RESULTS
-R 4OHYAMA WONDERED HOW
-R 0AULEN INTENDED TO TEST 3EIKOS
STOPWATCHES (E SAID h(E TOOK
A STOPWATCH IN EACH HAND CLICKED
BOTH SIMULTANEOUSLY AND THEN AFTER A
SPECIlEDTIMEHADPASSEDCLICKEDTHEM
BOTHAGAINANDCHECKEDTHEDIFFERENCE
BETWEEN THEM (E PERFORMED THIS
TESTTHREETIMESnFORSEVERALSECONDS
SEVERAL MINUTES AND FOR NEARLY ONE
HOUR4HE lRST TEST FOR SECONDS WAS
RIGHT ON TARGET4HE TEST FOR SEVERAL
MINUTES WAS lNE TOO7HEN -R
0AULEN STOPPED THE WATCHES AFTER A
TEST OF NEARLY AN HOUR THE DIFFERENCE
WASLESSTHANSECONDS
h4HAT EVEN SURPRISED -R 0AULEN
AND HE ASKED ME@7HAT KIND OF TECH
NOLOGYISTHISSO)GOTOUTTHEMANUAL
AND EXPLAINED THE )SHIWARA PRINCIPLE
"OTH -R 0AULEN AND -R 0AIN OFFERED
HEARTY PRAISE AFTER THE PRESENTATION
@7HATAGOODIDEA4HATSGOODTHEORY
4HEN THEY SAID@7E ARE NOT ASSIGNING
OFlCIALTIMEKEEPINGTOA*APANESEMAN
UFACTURERBECAUSETHE/LYMPICSWILLBE
HELD IN4OKYO BUT BECAUSE THESE ARE
ACTUAL FUNCTIONAL STOPWATCHES BACKED
UPWITHSOLIDTHEORY
/LYMPICCERTIlCATION
h4HAT REALLY MADE ME FEEL GOOD4HAT
EVENING ) WAS ABSOLUTELY THRILLED
WHEN ) HEARD -R /DA -IKIO FROM
THE*!!&SAY@THEBESTTHINGTOCOME
FROM THE MEETING TODAY WAS THE PRE
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STOPWATCHESv 3UBSEQUENTLY THE NEW OFTHEMAMMOTHTASKOFDEVELOPINGA
FULL COMPLEMENT OF TIMING EQUIPMENT
STOPWATCHES WERE SUBMITTED TO THE
FORTHE'AMES
.ATIONAL0HYSICAL,ABORATORYIN%NGLAND
!S SOON AS 3EIKO WAS UNOFlCIALLY
FORINSPECTIONANDFORCERTIlCATIONAS
/LYMPICTIMEKEEPINGEQUIPMENT
AWARDED THE CONTRACT TO TIME THE
!LTHOUGH 3EIKO RECEIVED A PRE 4OKYO'AMESITBEGANTHEENORMOUS
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THE4OKYO/LYMPIC'AMESAFTER STOPWATCH SUITABLE FOR TIMING MANY
THE)!!&#OMMITTEEMETIN"ELGRADE
DIFFERENT SPORTS EVENTS .OT ONLY DID
IN IT WAS ONLY ONE YEAR BEFORE
3EIKOS SYSTEMS HAVE TO RECORD THE
THEEVENTTHATTHEYRECEIVEDNOTICEIN
TIME OF THE WINNING COMPETITOR IN
WRITINGOFTHEIROFlCIALAPPOINTMENT
EACHEVENTTHEYALSOHADTODETERMINE
$EVELOPMENT OF THE NEW STOP TIMESFORTHEOTHERCOMPETITORSANDTO
WATCHWITHITSINNOVATIVEHEARTSHAPED RECORDWHICHCOMPETITORWASINWHICH
CAMWASANENORMOUSUNDERTAKINGBUT PLACE
WITHOUTIT3EIKOWOULDPROBABLYHAVE
4HE GARGANTUAN TASK OF PREPARING
FOR THE 'AMES DID NOT STOP WITH THE
STOOD NO CHANCE IN ITS CAMPAIGN TO
TIMETHE/LYMPICS
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TIMING EQUIP
$ESPITE THE TRIALS AND TRIBULA MENT)TWASALSONECESSARYTOPRODUCE
TIONS THAT HAD BEEN ENDURED DURING
MANYOTHERITEMSSUCHASGIANTCLOCKS
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MORE ACCURATE
FOR THE STADIUMS AS WELL AS DISPLAYS
TO ENABLE SPECTATORS TO SEE TIMES!
PROJECT ON THIS SCALE WAS AN ENTIRELY
NEW EXPERIENCE FOR 3EIKO )T IS TO
THEIR ETERNAL CREDIT THAT DURING THE
ENTIRE/LYMPIC'AMESTHEIRVERYlRST
THERE WERE NO TIMEKEEPING ERRORS
AT ALL ALTHOUGH THEY HAD NO PREVIOUS
EXPERIENCEANDHADONLYHADTWOYEARS
TODESIGNANDMAKEALLTHENEWEQUIP
MENTTHATWASREQUIREDHAVINGALREADY
IMPROVEDSTOPWATCHPERFORMANCE
(AVING BEEN GRANTED THE PRES
TIGIOUS CONTRACT TO TIME THE /LYMPIC
'AMES FOR THE lRST TIME 3EIKO WERE
DETERMINED TO ENSURE THAT IN THEIR
HANDSTIMEKEEPINGSHOULDREACHHIGHER
STANDARDSTHANEVERBEFORE
DEVELOPED A MARINE CHRONOMETER )T
WAS SOON MARKETED AS A COMMERCIAL
CLOCK THE #RYSTAL #HRONOMETER
1# COSTING YEN 4HIS
REVOLUTIONARY PRODUCT WAS USED TO
TIMESOMEEVENTSATTHE/LYMPIC
'AMES IN 4OKYO INTRODUCING QUARTZ
ACCURACYTOSPORTSTIMEKEEPINGSYSTEM
FORTHElRSTTIME
4HEOPPORTUNITYTOACTASTHEOFl
CIALTIMEKEEPEROFTHE4OKYO/LYMPICS
OPENED UP A WHOLE NEW WORLD OF
SPORTS TIMING OPPORTUNITIES FOR 3EIKO
4IMING THE EVENT WAS A MAMMOTH
UNDERTAKING BUT THE DECISION TO TAKE
ONTHECHALLENGEPROVEDTOBEONEOF
!N/LYMPIClRST
4HEYFULlLLEDTHEIRDREAMBYDEVELOPING
A QUARTZ CRYSTAL CHRONOMETER CLOCK
5LTRASONICWINDGAUGESMEASURETHE
WINDSPEED !READINGOFMORETHAN
TWOMETRESASECONDINVALIDATESA
WORLDTRACKRECORD
$ISTANCEMEASUREMENTISPROVIDED
FORALLFIELDEVENTS
THAT WAS USED TO TIME THE MARATHON
EVENTS n AND IT WAS ACCURATE TO
WITHIN SECONDS A DAY )T WAS THE
lRST TIME THAT QUARTZ TIMEKEEPING
SYSTEM HAD EVER BEEN USED AT AN
INTERNATIONAL SPORTING EVENT 3PRING
WOUND MECHANICAL TIMEPIECES WHICH
HADSETTHESTANDARDSFORTIMEKEEPING
FOR THE PRECEDING YEARS WERE
MOSTLY ONLY ABLE TO ACHIEVE ACCURACY
OF PLUS OR MINUS SECONDS A
DAY 4HE APPEARANCE OF THE #RYSTAL
#HRONOMETER CLOCK CLEARLY SIGNALLED
TO THE WORLD THAT 3EIKO HAD BEEN
DEVELOPINGQUARTZTECHNOLOGYANDTHAT
THEY WERE WELL PLACED IN THE RACE TO
DEVELOPQUARTZWRISTWATCHES
4HE lRST STEP ALONG THE WAY FOR
3EIKO CAME IN WHEN 3EIKOSHA
CREATEDAPRACTICALQUARTZTIMEPIECEFOR
ARADIOSTATIONBUTITWASNOTPORTABLE
)N THE FOLLOWING YEAR 3UWA 3EIKOSHA
3EIKOSFIRSTCOMMERCIALPORTABLE
QUARTZCLOCKTHE#RYSTAL
#HRONOMETER1#MADEHISTORY
WHENITWASUSEDTOTIMESOME
EVENTSATTHE'AMESIN4OKYO
THE MOST MOMENTOUS LANDMARKS IN
THECOMPANYSHISTORYANDITHASNEVER
LOOKEDBACKSINCE4HECOMPANYTOOK
ITS RESPONSIBILITY SO SERIOUSLY THAT IT
EMBARKEDONAFOURYEARDEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMMEWITHNOLIMITONDEVELOP
MENTCOSTSORTHERESOURCESTHATCOULD
BE USED )T WAS A FARSIGHTED PROJECT
THAT MUST BE UNIQUE IN /LYMPIC
HISTORY "UT WAS ALL THE EXPENSE AND
EFFORT WORTHWHILE 3EIKO TIMED THE
#(!04%2
9ASUAKI!SAHARAMASTERMINDED3EIKOS
SPORTSTIMINGFOROVERYEARS
GAMES mAWLESSLY AND THE RESULTING
PUBLICITYALLOVERTHEWORLDHELPEDTHE
COMPANYTOGAINTHEINTERNATIONALREC
OGNITIONANDCREDIBILITYITHADNEEDED
SOBADLY
!TLAST3EIKOWASABLETOCOMPETE
WITHTHE3WISSONEQUALTERMSFORTHE
TIMING OF WORLD CLASS SPORTS EVENTS
3INCE THAT lRST MAJOR SPORTING EVENT
THECOMPANYHASTIRELESSLYDEVISEDNEW
ANDIMPROVEDSPECIALISTTIMINGSYSTEMS
AND NOW IT HAS ONE OF THE WORLDS
MOST COMPREHENSIVE TIMEKEEPING
SYSTEMS FOR SPORTS EVENTS )T IS USED
TO SATISFY THE EVERMORE DEMANDING
REQUIREMENTS OF MAJOR SPORTS EVENTS
THE WORLD OVER 3INCE 3EIKO
HAVETIMEDlVEMORE/LYMPIC'AMES
BUT THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS HAS
GROWN WELL BEYOND /LYMPIC EVENTS
ANDTHEYHAVEPROVIDEDTIMINGFACILITIES
AT MANY INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINE
SPORTS EVENTS FROM THE !SIAN AND
#OMMONWEALTH 'AMES TO 7ORLD
#HAMPIONSHIPSINOVERSPORTS
$ESPITETHEmAWLESSTIMINGOFTHE
/LYMPIC 'AMES THE EARLY YEARS
THAT FOLLOWED WERE NOT WITHOUT THEIR
!*/52.%9).4)-%
DRAMATIC MOMENTS BUT THESE GAVE
3EIKOS ENGINEERS AND TECHNICIANS AN
OPPORTUNITY TO HONE THEIR SPECIALIST
TIMING SKILLS UNTIL THEY WERE AS SHARP
AS A LEGENDARY *APANESE SWORD )N
FOR EXAMPLE 3EIKO WERE THE
OFlCIALTIMEKEEPERSFORTHE&IFTH!SIAN
'AMES HELD IN 4HAILAND !CCORDING
TO9ASUAKI!SAHARA A SENIOR MEMBER
OF THE SPORTS TIMING TEAM THE TIMING
EQUIPMENTTHATWASTAKENTO4HAILAND
WASMUCHTHESAMEASHADBEENUSED
FOR THE /LYMPIC 'AMES 4HIS FAILED
TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE DRAMATIC
DIFFERENCE IN TEMPERATURES BETWEEN
4OKYO AND "ANGKOK AND RESULTED IN
SOMEEQUIPMENTFAILURES
&OOLPROOFBACKUPS
1UARTZ OSCILLATORS ARE PARTICULARLY
SENSITIVETOTEMPERATURECHANGESAND
THE NEWLYDEVELOPED SMALL ELECTRONIC
PRINTERS HAD BEEN DEVELOPED FOR THE
*APANESE CLIMATE IN /CTOBER /N A
$ECEMBER DAY IN4HAILAND WHEN DAY
4HELATESTTRANSPONDERTECHNOLOGY
ISNOWUSEDTOGIVEINSTANTTIMES
ANDPOSITIONSINMARATHONSCROSS
COUNTRYANDSKIRACES
TIME TEMPERATURES WERE OFTEN WELL
OVERŽ#THETEMPERATUREINSIDETHE
BOXES CONTAINING SOME OF THE TIMING
EQUIPMENTROSETOAROUNDŽ#4HE
TEMPORARY SOLUTION WAS A HANDHELD
FAN$ESPITETHEFAILUREOFSOMEITEMS
OF EQUIPMENT 3EIKO STILL MANAGED TO
TIME EVERY EVENT WITHOUT MISSING A
SINGLETIME
3EIKOHASSERVEDAS/FFICIAL4IMERFOREVERY)!!&7ORLD#HAMPIONSHIPSSINCE
4HE LESSON THAT WAS LEARNT FROM
THISUNEXPECTEDINTERLUDEWASTHATTHE
TIMEKEEPING TEAM HAD TO DEVELOP DIF
FERENTEQUIPMENTFOREVENTSINAUTUMN
SUMMER AND WINTER -R!SAHARA SAID
h4HEY HAD TO HAVE FOOLPROOF BACKUP
SYSTEMSv -R!SAHARA EXPLAINEDh)F A
PIECEOFTIMEKEEPINGEQUIPMENTWERE
TOFAILITREALLYWOULDONLYBEAFAILURE
IF THE TIMEKEEPERS DIDNT GET A TIME
ANDHADTOASKTHEATHLETESTORUNTHE
SAMERACEFORUSAGAINv-R!SAHARAA
KEENSPORTSENTHUSIASTADDEDh4HERES
NOWAYTHEYCOULDHAVESAID@)MSORRY
#ARL,EWISCOULDYOURUNTHATAGAINv
(EADDEDh!WATCHISAMACHINEAND
CAN BREAK DOWN7E HAVENT FAILED SO
FARBUTYESOURWATCHESHAVEBROKEN
SYSTEM TO ENSURE THAT WE NEVER MISS
RECORDINGTHETIME)TSALLRIGHTIFYOU
HAVE TO USE A CALCULATOR TO COMPUTE
THERESULTS
h)TISALSOIMPORTANTTOREMEMBER
THAT THE ATHLETES WHO COME IN LAST
HAVEALSOGIVENITTHEIRBESTSHOTAND
SOWEDONTWANTTOMISSTHEIRTIMES
EITHER4HEHARDESTTHINGINTIMEKEEPING
ISTORECORDTHETIMEOFTHELASTPERSON
TO lNISH!T THE MOMENT THE LEADING
RUNNER REACHES THE lNISHING LINE
OFlCIALS AND CAMERAMEN ARE WAITING
EAGERLYINTHEIRASSIGNEDPOSITIONS"Y
THE TIME THE LAST COMPETITOR GETS TO
THE lNISHING LINE THEYRE ALL OVER THE
PLACE PARTICULARLY WITH THE METRERACEv
"Y THE TIME OF THE 3APPORO
/LYMPICS IN 3EIKOS SPORTS
TIMING SPECIALISTS HAD DEVELOPED A
SYSTEM THAT COULD TIME SEVERAL SKIERS
SIMULTANEOUSLYBETWEENTHREEANDlVE
AT A TIME AND THE RESULTS WERE
4HE3EIKOSWIMMINGTOUCHPADSARE
PARTOFAFULLYAUTOMATEDSYSTEM
ACCURATETO OFASECOND
CALCULATED WITHOUT THE USE OF COM
PUTERS
3KIINGEVENTSPRESENTTIMEKEEPERS
WITH MORE CHALLENGES IN ADDITION
TO THAT OF THE WEATHER -R !SAHARA
WHO RETIRED AT THE END OF THE S
EXPLAINSh!LPINE SKIING HAS TO RELY ON
ELECTRONIC TIMING BECAUSE YOU CANT
SEE THE START POSITION FROM THE BASE
!LLRESULTSAREDELIVEREDONLINEAND
FORTHEOFFICIALRECORDINPRINT
DOWN4HATSWHEREBACKUPSCOMEIN
&IRST WE MAKE TWO IDENTICAL SYSTEMS
COMPLETELYSEPARATEBUTLINKEDTOTHE
SAMEELECTRICLINES&ORGOODMEASURE
INCASEBOTHSYSTEMSBREAKDOWNWE
HAVE A THIRD SYSTEM THAT CAN RECORD
THETIMEJUSTASWELLASTHEOTHERTWO
)N ADDITION TO THIS THERE IS A FOURTH
0HOTOFINISHIMAGESAREPRODUCEDINSTANTLYFOROFFICIALSTOREADONSCREEN
#(!04%2
OFTHEHILL-ANUALTIMEKEEPINGWOULD
BE IMPOSSIBLE )N THE DOWNHILL EVENTS
YOUHAVETWOORTHREEATHLETESCOMING
DOWNTHECOURSEATTHESAMETIMEBUT
YOUNEEDTOTIMEEACHSKIERSEPARATELY
3O NOW THE OPERATOR NEEDS TWO OR
THREE SYSTEMS TOO !ND SINCE THERE
COULD BE OPERATOR MISTAKES YOU HAVE
TOBEPREPAREDFORTHATASWELL4HATS
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.EWCHALLENGES
/VER THE YEARS OF 3EIKOS SPORTS
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'AMESINTHEDEMANDSOFSPORT
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UTILISEDDIFFERENTTIMINGMETHODSTOUCH
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DUPLICATE SYSTEMS BACKED UP WITH
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/THER FUNCTIONS HAVE TO BE PROVIDED
BY CURRENT SYSTEMS TOO4HEY ARE NO
LONGERMERETIMINGSYSTEMS4HEYARE
COMPREHENSIVE UNITS THAT TIME EACH
EVENT AND EACH COMPETITOR AND THEN
ANALYSEANDSTORETHISINFORMATIONAND
PROVIDEREALTIMEINFORMATIONSERVICES
FORRADIOANDTELEVISIONCOMMENTATORS
FOR JOURNALISTS AND FOR MANY MILLIONS
OF TELEVISION AND RADIO VIEWERS AND
LISTENERSAROUNDTHEGLOBE
-ORETHANJUSTTIMING
3PORTSTIMINGTODAYFOR3EIKOISMUCH
MORETHANJUSTTIMINGn3EIKOPROVIDES
ENDTOEND SOLUTIONS DESIGNED TO SAT
ISFYTHENEEDSOFVARIESUSERSOFTIMES
ANDMEASUREMENTS4HESEINCLUDETHE
ATHLETES COACHES TELEVISION VIEWERS
AND INCREASING NUMBERS OF INTERNET
USERS
)T IS EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE TO PRO
VIDEALLTHEEQUIPMENTANDMANPOWER
THATAREREQUIREDTOTIMEWORLDCLASS
SPORTSEVENTSANDTHECOMPANIESWHO
PERFORMTHISINVALUABLESERVICERECEIVE
NO PAYMENT FOR THEIR WORK SO IS IT
REALLYWORTHWHILE
3PORTS TIMING DOES NOT DIRECTLY
MAKE MONEY BUT IT GREATLY ENHANCES
THE REPUTATION OF THE COMPANY THAT
WINS A TIMEKEEPING CONTRACT !FTER
ONLY TWO ORGANISATIONS HAVE
,OUDSPEAKERSCONVEYTHESTARTERSSIGNALTOEACHLANEINDIVIDUALLYTOCOUNTERACTTHEDELAYOFSOUNDTRAVELLINGTHOUGHTHEAIR
TIMED WORLDCLASS MULTIDISCIPLINE
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OF3WISSCOMPANIES
3INCE THE VERY EARLY DAYS OF ITS
INVOLVEMENTWITHSPORTSTIMING3EIKO
HAS APPRECIATED THAT ALTHOUGH THE
COMPANY RECEIVES NO PAYMENT FOR
TIMINGTOPINTERNATIONALEVENTSINMOST
CASES ITS INVOLVEMENT PAID ENORMOUS
DIVIDENDS IN TERMS OF PUBLICITY AND
INCREASEDSALES4HEPUBLICSPURCHASING
DECISIONS ARE CLEARLY INmUENCED BY
SEEINGTHENAMEOFTHEWATCHCOMPANY
THATISTIMINGTOPEVENTSWHETHERTHEY
AREPRESENTATTHEEVENTORSEEITON
TELEVISION!BOVEALLTHEMOSTVALUABLE
RETURN ON THE HUGE INVESTMENT IN
SPORTS TIMING COMES IN THE INTANGIBLE
FORMOFTRUST
!NOTHER REASON FOR 3EIKOS BUTTHEVALUEOFTHERESULTINGPUBLICITY
ISALMOSTINCALCULABLE4HECOMPANYHAS
PASSIONFORSPORTLIESINTHETECHNICAL
CHALLENGE IT PRESENTS PARTICIPATION IN
NEVER COUNTED THE COST OF ITS SPORTS
SPORTSTIMINGSTIMULATESTHECOMPANY TIMING OPERATIONS IT DESIGNS SYSTEMS
TO DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGY n THE
TO SATISFY TIMING NEEDS AND NOT TO A
PIONEERINGUSEOFQUARTZTECHNOLOGYAT
BUDGET )TSEESITSINVESTMENTAShGOOD
THE4OKYO/LYMPIC'AMESINISA CITIZENSHIPv
GOODEXAMPLE3PORTSTIMINGGENERATES
4HE 3EIKO NAME WAS MADE
PUBLICITY FOR 3EIKO AROUND THE WORLD
FAMOUSTHROUGHITSTIMINGOFTHE
IN PICTURES IN THE PRESS ON TELEVISION /LYMPIC'AMESIN4OKYOANDPROVIDING
AND NOW ON THE INTERNET TOO !T THE
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3ALT,AKE#ITY7INTER/LYMPIC'AMES SPORTSEVENTSIS3EIKOSWAYOFPAYINGTHE
3EIKO WAS THE ONLY NAME VISIBLE IN WORLD BACK FOR THE OPPORTUNITY IT WAS
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