Inga - Southern African Power Pool

DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OF CONGO
SOCIETE NATIONALE
D’ELECTRICITE
by
Mr. VIKA di PANZU
SNEL Chief Executive Officer
1. INTRODUCTION : DRC HYDRO POTENTIAL
2. INGA HYDROELECTRIC SITE
2.1 Location and characteristics
2.2 Development scheme
2.3 Existing and future Installations
3. DRC – EGYPT INTERCONNECTION STUDY AND
THE GRAND INGA PROJECT
3.1 Technical Characteristics of the Grand Inga
Power plant and the transmission line
3.2 Existing Interconnections
3.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Study
3.4 Grand Inga and associated Power Highways
projects Investment Costs
4. CONCLUSION
1. DRC HYDRO SITES AND POTENTIAL
Hydro potential : 100.000 MW OF WHICH
Ø 56.000 MW at different sites spread all
over the country :
§
§
§
§
§
§
Kamanyola
:
Wanie-Rukula :
Wagenia
:
Busanga
:
Nzilo 2
:
Zongo 2
:
Ø
400 MW (East)
700 MW (North-East)
460 MW (North)
240 MW (South)
120 MW (South)
100 MW (West)
Bosobolo Mobayi
Zongo
Gbadolite
LibengeGemena
Businga
Kungu Budjala
Lisala
Ango
Bondo
Aketi
Bumba
Faradje
M’zoro
Niangara
Dingila
Bambesa
Buta
Poko
Lepudungu
Rungu
Watsa
Isiro
Mahagi
Djugu
Soleniama
Mambasa
Bunia
Irumu
Nepoko Wamba
Bomongo
Banalia
Basoko
Bongandanga Yahuma
Bengamisa
Yangambi
Budana
Bafwasende
Babeba
Basankusu
Bolomba
Isangi Tshopo
Djolu
Beni
Wagenia
Befale
Semliki
Kisangani Wanie-Rukula
Kisalala
Mbandaka
Butembo
Boende
Ruki
Equator
Ingende
Bikoro
Kiri
Bokungu Opala
Mugombe
Rutshuru
Goma
Monkoto
Inongo
Lulingu
Dekese
Oshwe
Kalehe
Kabare
Bukavu
Moga
Walungu Ruzizi
Shabunda
Mwenga
Katako- Kindu Pangi
Mungombe
Lodja Kombe
Uvira
Kamimbi
Kampene
Mangembe
Kibombo
Kasongo
Fizi
Lubefu
Lusambo
Kutu
Bandundu
Bagata
Ubundu
Ikela
Mushie
Kole
Ilebo
Kinshasa
Masimanimba Bulungu
Luozi
Tshela
Zongo
Kikwit
Kenge
SekeLuebo Mweka
Idiofa
Sanga
Banza
Kongolo
Lubao
Kitona
Kyimbi
Demba
Lukula
Kakobola
Dimbelenge
Inga MpozoMbanzaBamba
Gungu
NgunguKimvula
Kananga
Popokabaka
Mbuji Mayi
Moanda BomaMatadi
Kabinda
Kalemie
Kabalo
Nyunzu
Tshala
Feshi Kasanza
Tshikapa Katende
Lubilanji Mani
KasongoLungudi Kazumba
Lunda
Manono
Luiza MweneMoba
Kabongo
Ditu
Kahemba
Kaniama
Tembo
MalembaNkulu Piana Mwanga
Kilubi
44.000 MW concentrated at
the Inga site.
Kapanga
Legend
Kamina
Existing 220 kV transmission line
Nseke
Nzilo
Dilolo
Line in project
HVDC Inga - Kolwezi
Kolwezi
Kasenga
M´sha Koni
Likasi
Kipushi Lubumbashi
Existing hydro power plant
Hydro power plant in project
Existing thermal power plant
Mitwaba
Bukama
Sandoa
Existing 110 - 132 kV transmission line
Kilometers
0
100
200
300
400
500
Aru
Sakania
2.1 INGA SITE LOCATION
IN THE DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OF CONGO
* 150 km UPSTREAM BEFORE
THE MOUTH OF THE CONGO
RIVER
* 225 km DOWNSTREAM FROM
KINSHASA
Tshela
km
225
INGA
Moanda
O
15
Mbanza-Ngungu
km
Matadi
Boma
Kinshasa
DRC
2.1 INGA SITE CHARACTERISTICS
a) EXCEPTIONNALLY
REGULAR RIVER FLOW
CONGO RIVER BASIN
- On either side of the Equator
- Basin Surface : 3.800.000 km2
- DRC Surface : 2.345.000 km2
Equator
Congo River
2.1 INGA SITE CHARACTERISTICS (ii)
AVERAGE RIVER FLOW (m3/s)
b) SIGNIFICANT RIVER FLOW
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
J
Historical Min (1905) :
21.400 m3/s
F
M A
M J J A
MONTH
Inter-annual Module
40.000 m3/s
S
O N
D
Historical Max (1961) :
83.400 m3/s
2.1 INGA SITE CHARACTERISTICS (iii)
c) SIGNIFICANT NATURAL
SLOPE
INGA SITE GENERAL
VIEW
SIKILA Island
N
102 m on a straight
distance of 15 km only
O
E
d) APPROPRIATE
TOPOGRAPHY FOR
A PROGRESSIVE
EQUIPMENT OF THE
SITE
BUNDI Riv
er
15 km
S
2.1 INGA SITE CHARACTERISTICS (iv)
e) LOW GENERATION
COSTS
f)
POTENTIAL
OF SITE
± 44.000 MW
F Installed kW :
671 à 339 USD/kW
WILD
ENERGY
WASTED
F Produced Energy :
1,44 à 1,08 USc/kWh
320 TWh/year
MOST POWERFUL
INGA = HYDRO-POWER SITE
IN THE WORLD
Before :
- «Three Gorges» (China) : 18.000 MW
- «Itaipu» (Brazil/Paraguay) : 12.000 MW
•
2.2 DEVELOPMENT SCHEME
MAIN WORKS
Dam the River
Evacuators
Restitution Channels
Water intake
Channels
Matamba Dam
Bundi Dam
Inga I
Inga II
Inga III
Grand Inga
2. 3 EXISTING POWER STATIONS
INGA I
INGA I
INGA II
1972
1982
50
58
780
2.800
6
8
Installed Capacity (MW)
351
1.424
Production (TWh/an)
2,4
10,4
Commissioned in
Water head (m)
Turbine
Water flow (m3/s)
INGA I
INGA II
Number of units
2.4 PLANNED POWER STATIONS
INGA III
Gd INGA
WESTCOR
PROJECT
Water head (m)
60
150
6.300
26.400
16
52
Installed Capacity (MW) 3.500*
39.000*
Turbine
Water flow (m3/s)
Number of units
Production (TWh/an)
23,5
INGA 3
288,0
(*) Many experts are of the view that these figures may
be increased considering recent technology
development
GRAND INGA
DONE BY THE CONSORTIUM
EDF Intl. & LAHMEYER Intl. SINCE 1997
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE GRAND INGA POWER PLANT
A. CHANNEL HEAD
DAM :
Closes the dam of the BUNDI river and supplies the power
station . It includes 52 water intakes each equipped with
screens and valves 9 m x 9 m - 620 m3/s flow rate each .
B. PENSTOCKS :
Each generator is supplied by a penstock of 9.5 m in diameter
and 256 m in length connected to a water intake.
C. POWER STATION : Set up along the edge of the river and sized for 52 units of
750 MW each. Terminal Length : 1780 m .
D. TURBINE :
Nominal net Head : 135 m - Max. net Head : 147 m
Power
: 780 MW - Speed
: 100 rpm
Rotor diameter :
8 m
- Rotor weight
: 250 t
E. GENERATOR:
870 MVA
F. TRANSFORMER:
3 single phase components - 870 MVA - 16/400 kV
G. TRAVELLING
CRANE :
1 200 Tons
-
765 MW
-
16 kV
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTERCONNECTION (i)
DEFINITION CRITERIA
VALUES
A. POWER RANGE
4 000 to 16 000 MW - Equipment by STEP
B. VOLTAGE TYPE
800 kV Direct Current
C. COND. SECTION
8 x 806 mm2 (Falcon)
D. LOSSES
15.0 % if the power is delivered to Egypt only
13.8 % if power is distributed between the four
countries (CAR, Chad, Sudan and Egypt).
E. TOWER STRUCTURE
1 to 4 DC two-poles circuits consisting of identical
poles covering the power range and configured as
follows :
+
-
+
STAGE 1
F. CHARACTERISTICS
OF A POLE LINE
FURTHER
STAGES
One pole line : 800 kV ; 8 x 806 mm2 ; 4 000 MW
Normal operating conditions : 2 000 MW
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTERCONNECTION (ii)
NORTHERN HIGHWAY
(Inga – Boali – El Fasher - Cairo)
G. Voltage type
Direct current
H.
Length
5.300 km
I.
Power Demand 4.000 MW (ph.1)
J.
Converter
Stations
Le Caire
EGYPTE
SOUDAN
TCHAD
- Inga (DRC)
- Cairo (Egypt)
El Fasher
Boali
K.
L.
Tapping
Stations
- Boali (CAR)
- El Fasher/Sudan
Investment
Cost (Stage 1)
5.753 Mio USD
M. Studies
Completed
RCA
Dem. Rep. Of CONGO
Inga – Cairo Line
- Pre feasibility (1994)
- Feasibility (1997)
Grand Inga Power
Station
- Pre feasibility (1997)
INGA
T UN
ISIE
OTHERS INTERCONNECTORS FROM INGA SITE
C
RO
MA
Oc
c.
ALGERIE
LIBYE
SA
HA
RA
EGYPTE
MAURITANIE
MALI
SE
NE
GA
L
NIGERIA
ETHIOPIE
AL
IE
Calabar
¥ Interconnection Projects
SAO TOME &
PRINCIPE
Northern Highway
GABON
CO
NG
O
GUINEE EQU.
LEGEND
SO
CAMEROUN
KENYA
R.
REP. DEM. CONGO
B.
TANZANIA
INGA
Northern Highway (alternative route)
ZAM
Western Highway
BIE
ZIMBABWE
¥ Converter Sub-stations
M
OZ
AM
BI
QU
E
ANGOLA
Southern Highway (Western corridor)
Existent Sub-stations
WI
LA
MA
Southern Highway (Eastern corridor)
COMORES
BOTSWANA
NAMIBIE
Planned Sub-stations
SWAZILAND
AFRIQUE DU SUD
LESOTHO
AR
IA
M
RCA
MA
DA
GA
SC
ER
B
LI
COTE
D’IVOIRE
A
SIERRA LEONE
DJIBOUTI
SOUDAN
OU
GA
ND
GUINEE
TOGO
BENIN
GUINEE-BISSAU
TCHAD
BURKINA
FASO
GHANA
GAMBIE
ER
IT
RE
E
NIGER
GRAND INGA & POWER HIGHWAYS : STEPS, COSTS ET REVENUES
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
MW
4 000
6 000
7 000
8 000
10 000
Western Highway (Nigeria)
MW
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
8 000
Southern Highways (SADC)
MW
3 500
5 000
6 000
7 000
8 000
MW
11 500
16 000
19 000
22 000
26 000
MW
13 500
18 000
21 000
24 000
27 750
#
18
24
28
32
37
Generation cost / Step
106 $
5 661
981
654
654
818
Cumulative Generation cost.
$/kW
419
369
347
331
316
Transmission System Costs
106 $
8 303
-
4 858
-
4 649
TOTAL COST
106 $
13 964
981
5 552
654
5 467
Revenue : Load factor
%
70
c$/kWh
3,5
Annual Energy
GWh
70 518
98 112
116 508
135 000
159 432
Annual Revenue
106$/y
2 468
3 434
4 078
4 722
5 580
Demand :
Northern Highway (Egypt)
TOTAL
Installed Capacity
Number of Units
Energy price
(The central Africa sub region demand is including in the three others sub regions identified.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY OF
GRAND INGA POWERSTATION
RESERVOIR CREATED UPSTREAM THE
GRAND INGA DAM AT THE SIKILA ISLAND
WHAT ABOUT :
• Water quality ?
• Land Ecosystem ?
• Aquatic Ecosystem ?
• Population ? Use of space ?
Habitat ? Economy ?
• Disease carriers ?
• Etc. …..
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY OF
GRAND INGA POWERSTATION & LINE ROUTE
THE ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY OF THE PROJECT HAVE SHOWN
THAT THERE WOULD BE NO MAJOR IMPACT NEITHER ON THE ECOSYSTEM NOR
ON THE HUMAN FACTOR.
SOLUTIONS TO MINIMIZE THOSE IMPACTS WILL BE :
A. Natural Environment on Water and Biocoenosis :
The protective measures will be based on substantial studies taking into
account the inventory of species, specific ecological conditions , chemical
composition of water and the question of pollution risks.
B. Human Environment :
The flooding of certain number of houses when the Inga reservoir is created
will necessitate the implementation of an operation to move the population
concerned.
C. Natural Environment on the line route :
The greatest impacts of the project are created by the deforestation in the
row of the line. These are measures and recommendations to be considered
for the determination of the line route and this during the period of
design and implementation of the project.
INSTITUTIONAL SET UP INTERCONNECTION DRC - EGYPT
High multinational Authority for taking
ultimate political decisions
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
RELIABILTY
COMMITTEE
Multinational unit for consultation ,
conciliation, supervision, preparation ,
and taking of strategic business
decision
JOINT PERMANENT
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
CENTRAL MANAGEMENT
AGENCY
Central Decision Unit for managing
and operating the interconnection
CENTRAL DISPATCH
CENTER
NATIONAL OPERATING
CENTER
NATIONAL OPERATING
CENTER
COUNTRY 1
COUNTRY 2
…
NATIONAL OPERATING
CENTER
COUNTRY X
National / Regional Operation and Maintenance Centres / Companies for the
different sections (as the facto affiliates of the CMA )
THUS , INGA RAPIDS WHICH
F YESTERDAY WERE :
Ø A major Obstacle for navigation.
F ARE TO DAY :
Ø a factor of development of African Cooperation ;
Ø a tool for fruitful business benefit to all parties due
to the low cost of supply and because the revenue of
the previous steps could be used to finance the
subsequent steps ;
Ø a factor of peace and stability between African nations ;
Ø a back up for Africa’s industrial integration trough the
NEPAD ;
Ø a factor of environment preservation for those countries
that will be receiving energy from Inga.