Sukkah Challenge is an easy-to-use, colourful
Transcription
Sukkah Challenge is an easy-to-use, colourful
This is a guide for educators to utilise Sukkah Challenge as a classroom resource. Sukkah Challenge is an easy-to-use, colourful, animated app that challenges children to build their own sukkah. The goal is to explore the original blueprints of the sukkah found in Torah and Talmudic texts and to use these clues as a guide to build a sukkah. Earn coins by exploring the texts and use the coins to buy supplies in the sukkah market. The large variety of sukkah supplies available ensures that each sukkah is unique and feedback is given along the way to guide building the sukkah according to the blueprint. The sukkah can then be tested to see if it is authentic. Sukkah Challenge enriches knowledge in a fun and imaginative way. Are you up to the challenge? Sukkah Challenge can be used as a classroom tool to actively teach how to build a sukkah. There are rich text sources from the Torah and Talmud to guide the student in building a sukkah. The texts are presented in a way the educator can control - go to the Torah Detective tab for Torah texts and Our Sages Say tab for Talmudic texts. In order to use Sukkah Challenge effectively in the classroom there is an accompanying Educator Guide that is designed for two levels. Level One focuses on how to use Sukkah Challenge using Chumash texts and Level Two explores Talmudic analysis of those texts, going into further depth for older children. The educator can choose the level that is appropriate for their school. Access all Educator Guides on www.jewishinteractive.net 1 Included in this guide are the following sections: 2. ...................................................................................................... 4 3. ............................................................................................................... 6 4. ............................................................................................. 10 5. ...................................................................................................... 15 6. .................................................................................................... 17 7. ................................................................................................ 18 8. .......................................................................................................... 22 9. ................................................................................................. 23 10. ................................................................................................................. 24 2 Module 3 Essential Questions Skills Knowledge and Understanding High Holidays Sukkot Module lesson3 – Sukkah Challenge Why and how do we build a sukkah? I am able to identify Torah Sources for building a sukkah I know historically why we build sukkot What are its essential elements? I can locate key words in a text I can find key texts in a Chumash I can identify key texts from Mishna and Gemara I can link key phrases to specific customs and laws I am able to use and apply the halachic debates from Mishna and Gemara I know when these events took place in Jewish History I know key words and excerpts from the Torah and Talmud that relate to Sukkot I know how to build a sukkah I understand what schach represents and why we have it I understand why we build and sit in a sukkah I understand the connection between emunah (faith) and Sukkot 3 Assessment Activities/Resources Pre/post Sukkah Challenge Multiple choice assessment document Torah Sources Key Questions and Answers Text analysis activity Sukkah songs Let’s Make activities Let’s Talk activities Let’s Get Digital activities Multiple choice assessment document Here are some of the background facts about building a sukkah to help you prepare this module. The origins of these facts are in the Torah Sources section. 1. Walls The walls are built first and can be made of any material. Walls must be higher than 10 handbreadths (tefachim) and can be 20 amot high. Make 3 walls or more, 7 tefachim wide at least. The walls should touch in the corner. Fix the walls tight so they can’t blow in the wind. There must be less than 3 tefachim space under the walls so no small animal can climb in! 2. Schach Schach is the covering over the sukkah What can the schach be made out of? It must have grown from the ground It must be detached from the ground There should be enough schach on top of the sukkah that there will be more shade than sunlight on the sukkah floor. We leave enough space to be able to see the stars through one spot. We leave enough space for rain to be able to get into the sukkah. 4 3. Kavua – Securing the schach to the sukkah When tying down the schach, we should allow it to move a little. We use string made from natural material to tie the schach down. 4. Decorations The final touch is to add some decorations to make it beautiful. The Torah says “This is my God and I will beautify Him” זה קלי ואנוהו 5. Making the sukkah comfortable Make the sukkah as comfortable as possible. Whatever we usually do in our house, we do in the sukkah. For the week of Sukkot we make our home a temporary dwelling and our sukkah the real home. The more comfortable the sukkah is, the more time a person will want to spend there. People try to make sure the sukkah has good lighting, comfortable chairs, is not too hot and not too cold and that there are no flies around so their family will want to spend time there! 5 Vayikra 23 ויקרא כג :ֵּש בּו ַּב ֻּס כ ֹּת ְׁ ָמ ים ָכ ל ָה ֶא ְׁז ָר ח ְׁב ִׁי ְׁש ָר ֵּא ל י ִׁ ַּב ֻּס כֹּת ֵּת ְׁש בּו ִׁש ְׁב ַּע ת י.מב 42. You shall live in sukkot seven days. Every resident among the Israelites shall live in sukkot, יא י ִׁ הֹוצ ִׁ הֹוש ְׁב ִׁת י ֶא ת ְׁב נֵּי ִׁי ְׁש ָר ֵּא ל ְׁב ַּ ֹּת י ֶכ ם ִׁכ י ַּב ֻּס כֹות ֵּ ֵּד עּו דֹּר ְׁ ְׁל ַּמ ַּע ן י.מג : אֹות ם ֵּמ ֶא ֶר ץ ִׁמ ְׁצ ָר ִׁי ם ֲא נִׁ י ְׁי ־ה ֹּוָ־ה ֱא ל ֵֹּּה י ֶכ ם ָ 43. in order that your generations may know that I made the children of Israel live in sukkot when I took them out of the land of Egypt. I am the Lord, your God. Devarim 16 דברים טז : ּומ ִׁי ְׁק ֶב ָך ִׁ ָאס ְׁפ ָך ִׁמ ָג ְׁר נְׁ ָך ְׁ ָמ ים ְׁב ִׁ ַּח ג ַּה ֻּס כֹּת ַּת ֲע ֶש ה ְׁל ָך ִׁש ְׁב ַּע ת י.יג 13. You shall make yourself the Festival of Sukkot for seven days, when you gather in from your threshing floor and your winepress. Shmot 15:2 שמות טו ָאב י ִׁ ֱא ל ֵֹּּה י,ישּוע ה ; זֶה ֵּא ִׁל י ְׁו ַאנְׁ וֵּהּו ָ ִׁל י ִׁל- וַּ ְׁי ִׁה י, ָע זִׁ י ְׁו ִׁז ְׁמ ָר ת יָּה. ב . וַּ ֲא ר ְֹּׁמ ֶמ נְׁ הּו 2. The Lord is my strength and song, and He is become my salvation; this is my God, and I will beautify Him; my father's God, and I will exalt Him. 6 Mishna Sukkah 2:7 Size of a Sukkah בית שמאי-- ושולחנו בתוך הבית,ז מי שהיה ראשו ורובו בסוכה: ב . ובית הלל מכשירין, פוסלין If the head, and the greater part of a person's body can fit in the sukkah, and his table [can only fit] in the house, the House of Shammai declare it not valid; but the House of Hillel declare it valid. Gemara Sukkah 2a מג } למען ידעו דורותיכם כי בסוכות- אמר רבה דאמר קרא { ויקרא כג הושבתי את בני ישראל עד עשרים אמה אדם יודע שהוא דר בסוכה למעלה מעשרים אמה אין אדם יודע שדר בסוכה משום דלא שלטא בה עינא This teaches us that in future generations the children of Israel should be aware that they are living in sukkot when performing the mitzvah of sukkah. Until 20 amot a person knows he/she is living in a sukkah, but if the schach is higher than 20 amot a person does not know he/she is living in the sukkah because the eye does not notice the schach. Gemara Sukkah 2a ו } וסוכה תהיה לצל יומם מחורב עד- רבי זירא אמר מהכא { ישעיה ד עשרים אמה אדם יושב בצל סוכה למעלה מעשרים אמה אין אדם יושב בצל סוכה אלא בצל דפנות א ''ל אביי אלא מעתה העושה סוכתו בעשתרות קרנים הכי נמי דלא הוי סוכה א''ל התם דל עשתרות קרנים איכא צל סוכה הכא דל דפנות Rabbi Zeira said that a sukkah will be for shade in the daytime from the heat. This means that when texts speak of a sukkah, it refers specifically to one that gives shade. Now until 20 amot a person is sitting in the shade of the schach but higher than that he is sitting in the shade of the walls. 7 Gemara Sukkah 2a מב } בסוכות תשבו שבעת ימים אמרה- ורבא אמר מהכא { ויקרא כג תורה כל שבעת הימים צא מדירת קבע ושב בדירת עראי עד עשרים אמה אדם עושה דירתו דירת עראי למעלה מעשרים אמה אין אדם עושה דירתו דירת עראי אלא דירת קבע Raba said we can derive it from here: the Torah tells us: for all seven days of the festival leave your fixed dwelling and sit in a temporary dwelling. Now until 20 amot a person can make his dwelling temporary. Gemara Sukkah 6b תנו רבנן שתים כהלכתן ושלישית אפילו טפח מב } בסכת בסכת בסכות הרי כאן- רבנן סברי יש אם למסורת { ויקרא כג ארבע דל חד לגופיה פשו להו תלתא שתים כהלכתן ואתאי הלכתא וגרעתה לשלישית ואוקמה אטפח תנו רבנן שתים כהלכתן ושלישית אפילו טפח ר ''ש אומר שלש כהלכתן ורביעית אפילו טפח The Rabbis taught: 2 proper [walls] and the third can be even a tefach wide. The Rabbis hold the traditional wording is authoritative, and it is written “basukkat” [singular i.e. 1], “basukkat” [singular i.e. 1], “basukkot” [plural i.e. 2]. So we have here 4 [sukkot mentioned]. Take away one to teach us the mitzvah of sukkah itself, and we are left with three 2 full walls, and comes a tradition that we have and reduces the need for the third wall to only a tefach. Gemara Sukkah 12a יג } באספך מגרנך ומיקבך בפסולת גורן- ר' יוחנן אמר קרא { דברים טז ויקב הכתוב מדבר Rabbi Yochanan refers to the pasuk in Devarim, when you gather in from your threshing floor and your winepress, it means the leftovers of the threshing floor and wine vat. 8 Gemara Sukkah 11b כי בסוכות הושבתי את בני ישראל ענני כבוד היו דברי ר' אליעזר ר '' ע אומר סוכות ממש עשו להם That I caused the children of Israel to live in sukkot. Clouds of glory were the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Akiva says that the Israelites made for themselves actual sukkot. 9 1. What is the smallest a sukkah can be? 2. What is the highest the walls can be? a. Why? b. What does this teach us? 3. What are the different numbers of walls a sukkah can be? 4. How low do the walls have to be? 5. What do walls need to be made of? 10 6. How do we know what schach must be made from? 7. What does schach represent? 8. How do we test if there is the correct amount of schach? 9. Why do we decorate a sukkah? 10. Why do we make a sukkah comfortable? For how long? Why? 11 1. What is the smallest a sukkah can be? Because the Torah tells us to live in a sukkah for 7 days, our sages discuss what is the smallest size of a room that it can be called a dwelling: The sukkah must be big enough to live in! In Source 2: Mishna 2:7 The house of Shammai says: A sukkah must fit a person’s body, head and a table! The house of Hillel says: A sukkah must fit a person’s body and head! We go with Hillel. A sukkah must fit a person’s head and body. The table can be in the house. According to our sages, the smallest size for a dwelling is 7 tefachim square and 10 tefachim high, so this is the smallest size for a sukkah. And it must fit your head and most of your body. (For bonus points: find the source for this) 2. What is the highest the walls can be? 20 amot high o Why? In Source 1 we learn that God protected the Israelites in the desert and in order that future generations remember that God protected them it says ‘You shall live in sukkot seven days” Our sages teach us that in future generations the children of Israel should be aware that they are living in sukkot when performing the mitzvah of sukkah. The schach reminds us of God’s protection in the desert. There are 3 reasons that our sages say we can’t have a sukkah higher than 20 amot: Reason 1: From Source 3.1 we see that any higher than 20 amot, you won’t see the schach, the leaves that symbolise the protection we had from God in the desert. If the schach is less than 20 amot high then you can see the schach and you know you are in a sukkah! Reason 2: From Source 3.2 because we want to feel the shade, the protection, from the schach on top. If the schach is higher than 20 amot, we will sit in the shade of the walls and not the schach. For the same reason our sages say there has to be more shade than sun in the sukkah. Reason 3: (From Source 3.3) Any higher than 20 amot and the walls will have to be really strong to support such a high roof. 12 The Torah tells us that a sukkah is a temporary dwelling that will only last for 7 days, so it can’t be too strong. o What does this teach us? When I sit in a sukkah, and see the schach, it reminds me to have emunah, faith that God will protect me, just like He did for the Israelites in the desert. 3. What are the different number of walls a sukkah can be according to the Gemara: At least 3 walls as the word sukkot in Source 1 is mentioned 3 times. (The first 2 times in singular and last time in plural therefore 4 times. Once to show the commandment to build a sukkah and the other 3 times to show how many walls.) The sages differ in opinion: o The first sage says: 2 whole walls and the third can be at least a tefach! o The second sage says: 4 walls! o The third sage says: 3 whole walls and the fourth can be a tefach! 4. How low do the walls have to be? The distance from the floor to the start of the wall should be less than 3 tefachim so that a small animal can’t go inside. Can you find the source for this? 5. What do walls need to be made of: Walls need to be strong and not blow in the wind Can be made from anything 6. How do we know what schach must be made from? In Source 5 it says ‘Rabbi Yochanan refers to the pasuk in Devarim, when you gather in from your threshing floor and your winepress, it means the leftovers of the threshing floor and wine vat.’ Schach must be from plants that grow naturally but are not attached to the ground any more just like the leftovers from threshing floor and wine vat.’ 7. What does schach represent? Rabbi Akiva says: We built sukkot, and they sheltered us from the elements. Rabbi Eliezer says: God kept His Clouds of Glory over us the whole time, and they sheltered us from the elements. 8. How do we test if there is the correct amount of schach? There is more shade than sunlight 13 Rain should be able to get into the sukkah, because we still have to remember that we are exposed to the elements and that God is our protection. The schach should not blow off in the wind. But it should be able to move a little Should be able to see the stars – know that it is a temporary dwelling and remember that God is protecting us. 9. Why do we decorate a sukkah? Gemara Shabbat 133b explains what Shemot 15:2 means: “This is my God, and I will beautify him” א ִׁל י ְׁו ַאנְׁ וֵּהּו ֵּ זֶה This means beautify yourself before Him when you are fulfilling mitzvot. For example, make a beautiful sukkah in His honour. 14 Prefix ( בּrefer to Source 1) Blended Learning: 1. 2. 3. 4. Using the interactive white board and Sukkah Challenge go to Source 1. Bring the pasuk up on the board. Give out Chumashim and ask children to locate the pasuk in the Chumash. Read together once. 5. Then ask the children to locate the word ַּב ֻּס כ ֹּת 42. For a seven day period you shall live in booths. Every resident among the Israelites shall live in booths, ָמ ים ָכ ל ִׁ ַּב ֻּס כֹּת ֵּת ְׁש בּו ִׁש ְׁב ַּע ת י. מב :ָה ֶא ְׁז ָר ח ְׁב ִׁי ְׁש ָר ֵּא ל י ְֵּׁש בּו ַּב ֻּס כֹּת In this word there is an important letter... בּ בּis a prefix. It means “on” or “in”. Try finding the prefix of ס כ ֹּת ֻּ ַּבby separating it into two words! Prefix (First Part) Word Word - ס כ ֹּת ֻּ ַּב Translation Our verse also uses the word ְּבּי ִשְּ ָראֵ ל Try finding the prefix by separating it into two words! Prefix (First Part) Word – ְׁב ִׁי ְׁש ָר ֵּא ל Translation Can you find more examples of prefix ?בּ 15 Word ______________________________________________________________________ 16 ושולחנו בתוך הבית –בית שמאי, ז מי שהיה ראשו ורובו בסוכה:ב .ובית הלל מכשירין, פוסלין Q1: Highlight in the Hebrew the names of the two great houses of Sages who are arguing in this Mishna. Q2: If I can fit my head and most of my body in the sukkah, but my table will have to go in the house, according to who is my sukkah kosher? Extension: Why would Beit ______ say a sukkah is only kosher once the table fits inside it as well? Hint: The answer lies in the only verb found in the mitzvah of building a sukkah: “ ” ֵּת ְׁש בּוwhich means to sit, or to dwell. Gemara Sukkah 2a מב } בסוכות תשבו שבעת ימים אמרה תורה כל- ורבא אמר מהכא { ויקרא כג שבעת הימים צא מדירת קבע ושב בדירת עראי עד עשרים אמה אדם עושה דירתו דירת עראי למעלה מעשרים אמה אין אדם עושה דירתו דירת עראי אלא דיר ת קבע Raba said we can derive it from here: the Torah tells us: for all seven days of the festival leave your fixed dwelling and sit in a temporary dwelling. Now until 20 amot a person can make his dwelling temporary. Q1: What happens when a booth is higher than 20 amot? Q2: Why does Rav think this mean it is not kosher? Extension: The Gemara quotes a verse to teach us this lesson. Highlight the number mentioned in the verse. This number you just highlighted is the source of the answer to Q2! How does the number teach us this? 17 The Mishna said that according to Beit Shammai, the minimum size of a sukkah is big enough to fit the majority of your body, your head, and a small table big enough for one person: ובית, ושולחנו בתוך הבית – בית שמאי פוסלין, מי שהיה ראשו ורובו בסוכה .מכשירין ז:ב הלל If the head, and the greater part of a person’s body can fit in the sukkah, and his table [can only fit] in the house, the House of Shammai declare it not valid; but the House of Hillel declare it valid. Measure yourself and a small table and work out what size you think would be big enough to fit your head, majority of your body and a small table to use. If you forget about the table, how big do you think Beit Hillel might have meant? How big would it have to be to fit in an adult? “Dragon’s Den” Can you invent something for your sukkah that we just can’t live without? (Sukkah leg warmers, refreshing schach spray….) Choose three “dragons” to judge the contestants and the whole class can invest in the winning idea by creating it. Take a photo of your invention to post on our student blog! 18 The Sukkah Games Betty, Ralph and Shmueli are the only three Jews in a small town far away from the forest. There is enough wood, canvas and paper to build and decorate only one kosher sukkah. Prepare and act out a play where Betty, Ralph and Shmueli keep trying to outsmart one another so that they will be the one with a sukkah, but in the end, they realize that if they share and join forces they can all enjoy one sukkah together. Sukkah Contest! Walk around your school and visit your friends and families. Take a photo of their sukkah and give it a score out of 10! Here is a scoring guide for you to use: 10 - This thing’s as kosher as gefilte fish! Plenty of schach Right height Right width & length Walls don’t flap Beautifully decorated 9 - Excellent. Just excellent. Plenty of schach Right height Right width & length Walls flap a little Nicely decorated 8 - I just love what you’ve done with the place. Plenty of schach 19 Right height Right width & length Nicely decorated 7 - Good looka’, this sukkah Enough schach Right height Right width & length Decently Decorated 6 - Plenty of shade. Your sukkah’s covered! Enough schach Right height Right width & length Decorated 5 - I could chill here for a week or so. Enough schach Right height Right width & length 4 - Lucky I’m short! Enough schach Right width & length 3 - I like to put my feet up! Enough schach Right height 2 - Well... I like your house... Right height 1 - Maybe next year! Video Documentary Make a video documentary about your sukkah. Tell us how you built it and who came to sit in it. Email your presentation to us: [email protected] All videos will be featured on www.jewishinteractive.net/studentblog 20 Moral Value - Emunah (Faith) 1. We’ve learned that the sukkah is to remind us of God’s protection in the desert when we left Egypt. Do you think He still protects us today? If so, how? Have you personally felt His protection? Tell us the story! 2. Of course many amazing things have happened since our trek through the desert on the way to the Land of Israel... why do we specifically remember the protection we received in the desert? 3. Which way do you think it works: Do we have faith in God and so He protects us? Or does God protect us and so we have faith in Him? The Torah tells us the sukkah must specifically be a temporary dwelling. That’s why it can’t be too high, then it would have to be a really strong building and it would be impossible for it to be temporary. 1. 2. 3. 4. What’s the message of leaving our strong houses to live in a temporary dwelling? What does it say about physical possessions? Do you think people in your city live permanently in temporary dwellings? Find out about homelessness in your city – can we help? 21 How would you compare sitting in the sukkah to eating matza at the Pesach seder, and to reading the Ten Commandments on Shavuot? Do you think these remembrances are similar to the sukkah or different? Sukkot is the end of the three pilgrim festivals of Pesach, Shavuot and Sukkot. Historically, Pesach is when we left Egypt, Shavuot is when we received the Torah at Sinai, and you would think Sukkot would celebrate our arrival in the Land of Israel, but it doesn’t! It celebrates the way we lived on the journey. Why do you think that is? Sukkot is not only the end of the three pilgrim festivals; it also ends the High Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur and Sukkot. Having learned so much about the sukkah, how do you think this is a fitting conclusion to the High Holy Days? 22 Here are some great links to use when teaching Sukkot: 1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Z5rGZc2w3Y Building a sukkah Watch a sukkah being built in seconds! 2. http://www.chabad.org/kids/whatif/default_cdo/aid/989953/jewish/All-AboutSukkot.htm A short cartoon to stimulate discussion on Sukkot and where we can build a sukkah 3. http://www.chabad.org/kids/whatif/default_cdo/aid/989951/jewish/Think.htm Activities based on cartoon to use as discussion points 4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EC4IVe61p-0 Lulav shake dance - cute montage of people having a shake! V’Samachta Bechagecha This famous Sukkot song is taken from the actual verses in the Torah (Devarim 16:14-15) that tell us to rejoice and be happy on Sukkot! Sing along with the Hassidim from Jerusalem on the recording on the website! URL: http://youtu.be/0u8td882IGE ְׁב ַּח ֶג ָך, ְׁו ָש ַּמ ְׁח ָת ַאך ָש ֵּמ ַּח ְׁ , ית ָ ְׁו ָה ִׁי ..... ָל ה, ָל ה, ָל ה Vesamachta bechagecha vehayita ach same'ach lah lah lah... You shall rejoice in your festival and you shall be only joyous! 23 We have designed a multiple choice activity that will be available as a Google document that can be emailed directly to students or loaded onto your LMS to record scores. 1. What is the smallest a sukkah can be? a. A sukkah must fit a person’s head and body. The table can be in the house. b. A sukkah must fit a person’s body, head and a table! c. A sukkah must be able to fit a lulav and etrog 2. What is the highest the walls can be? a. 40 amot b. 30 amot c. 20 amot 4. What are the different numbers of walls a sukkah can be? a. 4, 3, 1 b. 4, 3, 2 c. 4, 3, 2 and a half 3. What does the height of the walls teach us? a. A reminder to have emunah - faith that God will protect us b. A reminder of how high to put the mezuzah c. A reminder of how to shake the lulav 5. How low do the walls have to be? a. Less than 3 tefachim so that a small animal can’t go inside b. Less than 5 tefachim so that a person can’t bend inside c. Less than 1 tefach so that an insect can’t go inside. 6. What do the walls need to be made out of? a. Wood b. Material c. Anything strong 24 7. How do we know what schach must be made from? a. From Google b. Rabbi Yochanan refers to the pasuk in Devarim, when you gather in from your threshing floor and your winepress, it means the leftovers of the threshing floor and wine vat. c. The pasuk in Bereishit where the Torah talks about what was created on the third day. 8. What does schach represent? a. The Clouds of Glory b. The Clouds of Rain c. The sky 9. How do we test if there is the correct amount of schach? Please tick 4 statements a. There is more shade than sunlight b. It needs to weigh more than 50 kilos c. Rain should be able to get into the sukkah, because we still have to remember that we are exposed to the elements and that G-d is our protection. d. The schach should not blow off in the wind, but it should be able to move a little. e. There needs to be over 50 leaves. f. You should be able to see the stars to know that it is temporary. 10. Why do we decorate a sukkah? Because of the key words: a. “This is my God, and I will beautify him: ” זֶה ֵּא לִׁ י ְׁו ַאנְׁ וֵּהּו b. “In the beginning God created heaven and earth שָּׁמ ִׁי ם ְׁו ֵּא ת ָה ָָֽא ֶר ץ ַּ ” ב ְֵּׁר אש ִׁ ית בָ ָר א ֱא ל ִֹּׁה ים ֵּא ת ַּה c. “Blessed is the honoured name of our King forever. וָ ֶע ד 11. Why do we make a sukkah comfortable? a. So we can use it as a club house b. So we can live in it for seven days and enjoy the mitzvah c. So we can show it off to our guests 25 ” בָרּוךְׁ שֵּם כ ְׁבֹוד ַּמ ְׁל כּותֹו ְׁל עֹו ָל ם
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