2012_fish_barrier_atlas_standish

Casco Bay Watershed
Fish Barrier Priorities Atlas
February 2012
Casco Bay Watershed
Fish Barrier Priorities Atlas
March 2012
Background
This atlas was created to help guide restoration of streams affected by road-stream crossings and dams acting as
barriers to fish passage in the Casco Bay watershed as part of a project coordinated by the Casco Bay Estuary
Partnership (CBEP) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Gulf of Maine Coastal Program (USFWS-GOMCP). The
42 individual town maps of the atlas contain crossings, dams and a small number of natural barriers identified
during field surveys 1 of perennial streams in 2009 and 2010, and mapped using a geographic information system
(GIS). Sites have been classified by the degree of restriction they represent for fish passage, and additional
related data such as high priority stream habitat and flood hazards are shown in the maps to help identify priority
sites. Data have been compiled into a database for use in analysis and mapping.
Although habitat needs for fish are best understood at the scale of whole streams, which bear little relationship to
town boundaries, this atlas was created primarily for use by municipal public works employees and other staff and
representatives focusing on local road systems. Therefore, each map page represents a town or city, and is shown
at a scale suitable to include the entire community on one page. An index map shows the location of each town
within the watershed, and a legend page provides explanation of symbols used on individual maps. Barriers from
outside the Casco Bay watershed are shown where data are available, but masked to focus on the towns and
portion of towns which are within the watershed.
Fish Barriers
Road-stream crossings are shown with SiteID numbers to help identify them in the barrier database. Dams, in
most cases, have labels both of SiteID and the dam’s common name, if one is known. Severe barriers are defined
as those road/stream crossings where fundamental physical barriers exist at either the inlet or outlet of the
crossing, including inlets or outlets “perched” above the stream channel, and inlets blocked at least 50%, usually
by debris. Potential barriers cover a wide spectrum of road-stream crossing situations where fish passage
problems are likely to exist at some flows for some species or age groups of fish, and passage of other aquatic
organisms such as amphibians and macroinvertebrates is likely also limited. Sites that were inaccessible to survey
crews, and therefore not surveyed, are shown as unsurveyed, but are included in our analysis as Potential barriers.
Dams are classified by whether or not they have effective facilities in place to provide upstream fish passage.
Natural barriers, including waterfalls, debris jams (including woody debris or rock and fine sediments), and
beaver dams were assessed when in close proximity to surveyed crossings and dams, and are mapped as well.
Priority Streams
USFWS-GOMCP and CBEP staff consulted with state fisheries biologists to identify streams with important fish
habitat, primarily for brook trout or Atlantic salmon, or both. These priority streams are highlighted on the maps.
The scope of the road/stream crossing barrier assessment was limited to perennial streams, those with continuous
flow year round. Although intermittent streams were not surveyed, fish using priority streams also rely on
connectivity with intermittent tributaries at various times of year. There are likely to be additional barriers on
important intermittent streams that have not been assessed.
Flood Hazards
The maps present data from Cumberland County Emergency Management Agency (CCEMA) and CBEP to show
where flood hazards are likely to overlap with fish barriers. CCEMA, in cooperation with towns, has identified
many road crossings as flood hazards based on past flood events. CCEMA sites are marked by purple circles, and
do not always coincide with barrier survey sites because they may be located on intermittent streams or larger
rivers crossed by bridges, which are generally passable for fish but may still entail flood hazards.
1
Field surveys were conducted based on protocols from the Maine Road-Stream Crossing Survey Manual
(http://www.maine.gov/doc/mfs/fpm/water/docs/stream_crossing_2008/MaineRoad-StreamCrossingSurveyManual2008.pdf).
Where these sites do coincide with barriers, the combination of flood hazard with fish passage problems should
place them high on any town’s priority list for replacement.
A second set of flood hazard sites was derived from the barrier survey data by CBEP Director Curtis Bohlen. In
CBEP’s analysis, the capacity of each crossing was compared to the expected flows for that specific crossing
during a 25-year flood event. Where sufficient crossing data exists, flows were calculated based on the
relationship between drainage area above the crossing, and the proportion of the drainage area occupied by
National Wetland Inventory-defined wetlands. CBEP flood hazard sites are shown as red circles, and represent all
crossing sites where the capacity of the crossing was less than 50% of the expected 25-year flood value. This is
meant as a general indication of flood risk, but may be incorrect in some locations based on site-specific factors.
As with CCEMA sites above, where these sites coincide with barrier sites, the combination of flood hazard with
fish passage problems should place them high on any town’s priority list for review and possible replacement.
Other Data
Land use and wetland data are mapped to provide helpful landscape information, with upland forested areas
distinguished from wetland, open, or developed areas. Public and private roads and railroads are included, as are
all streams in the watershed, both perennial and intermittent. Relief shading is provided to help make reading the
topography of the maps somewhat more intuitive. Tidal crossings, due to the increased complexity involved with
crossing designs for two-way flow and maintenance of coastal wetlands, are denoted separately on the maps. Any
town or other entity with plans to replace culverts at tidal crossings is invited to contact CBEP to explore
partnership and grant funding opportunities. Town-based data summary tables for all barrier sites classified as
Severe or Potential on high priority streams are provided following the maps. Each town has a two-page summary
of key attributes from the database to provide information on location, dimensions and site conditions.
Data Sources
The data used to create this atlas came from a variety of sources. CBEP and USFWS-GOMC funded field
surveys, with significant volunteer assistance from Trout Unlimited. Many resources were supplied by USFWSGOMCP, including software, hardware, and data. Most barrier data was developed by USFWS-GOMCP from
field survey data, though some was provided by the Kennebec Estuary Land Trust, which conducted surveys in
the easternmost portion of the watershed. Flood hazard data is from either CCEMA, or from Curtis Bohlen’s
CBEP flood hazard analysis. Priority streams data was developed by USFWS-GOMCP, MDIFW, and the Maine
Department of Marine Resources based on survey data of fish occurrences and habitat surveys. Basemap data,
including relief shading, roads, town boundaries and most watershed polygons were supplied by the Maine Office
of Geographic Information Systems. The roads data mapped is primarily from the Maine Department of
Transportation dataset. Dam data is modified from original data from the Maine Department of Environmental
Protection. Hydrography data came from high resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD).
Disclaimer
Please be aware that the data contained in the maps and tables of this atlas may contain errors, and represents the
best information available at the time of publication. Note that crossing surveys were conducted in 2009 and
2010, and some sites surveyed may have undergone important changes based on flood events, maintenance or
even entire replacement of a crossing. Likewise, flood hazard sites identified by CCEMA may have been
modified based on previously planned work to lessen flooding problems.
For more information, please contact:
Alex Abbott c/o
Gulf of Maine Coastal Program
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
4R Fundy Rd.
Falmouth, ME 04105
Telephone: 207-781-8364, ext. 21
Electronic Mail: [email protected]
Matt Craig
Casco Bay Estuary Partnership
PO Box 9300, 34 Bedford Street
Portland, ME 04104-9300
Telephone: 207.228.8359
Electronic Mail: [email protected]
Website: www.cascobayestuary.org
Casco Bay Barriers by Town
Index Map
Legend
Bethel
Roads
Highway
Interstate
35
Mason
Twp
Town Boundary
Greenwood
Albany
Twp
Rivers, Ponds &
Coastal Waters
Stoneham
5
Norway
118
Waterford
Lovell
117
35
Sweden
Harrison
37
93
117
Lewiston
Otisfield
Bridgton
202
121
Poland
107
121 85
11
123
35
Gorham
Phippsburg
216
237
Westbrook
100
25
1
B
Portland
114
22
22
295
South
Portland
Scarborough
C
a
sc
Cape
Elizabeth
G U
5
10
Miles
L
20
y
A
I
N
E
M
O
95
a
o
Saco
0
209
24
88
202
Buxton
Harpswell
115
Falmouth
237
West
Bath
Freeport
Yarmouth
Cumberland
302
114
26
1
Brunswick
9
North
Yarmouth
95
115
Windham
295
Pownal
115
Standish
Bath
136
Gray
Frye
Island
25
Durham
231
202
Sebago
Lake
Baldwin
Auburn
125
Raymond
Sebago
136
122
New
Gloucester
Casco
Naples
Hiram
26
11
302
Denmark
95
F
F
Map Created 2/20/2012
Casco Bay Barriers by Town
Legend
Rd
Windham
Pettingill
Neg
au
Rd
Le
is
8092
Ac
ure
re
s
Pond
Ln
9112
Raymond
Sebago
Potential
Passable
8262
d
8731
Severe
Wil
8049
Unknown
Dams11
Sebago
Lake
8666
No Upstream
9082Fish Passage
Planned Upstream Fish Passage
Upstream Fish Passage
Frye
Island
8865
8271
e
idg
Br
8860
9071
8864
8094
ge
Rid
302
8269 Sebago
Rd
Bridge (Passable)
Birch Rd
Baldwin
White's
8235
Hy d e
B r oo k
648
Crossing
Barrier Type with SiteID
D0390
Lake Dam
8110
9434
Eel Weir
9080
Dam
8679 D0374
8677
Debris/Beaver Dam (Impassable)
Waterfall (Impassable)
MDOT Crossing
Tidal Site
8685
m
on
s
ar
35
8723
g
Sp
ri n
sR
File d
8298
9428
202
ro o k
yB
8954
9306
u ll
Rd
8197
9427
G
M
w
River Rd
Fa
rr
in
l
8198
vev
ille
8355
Go
Scale Varies by Town
See
scale
bar at bottom of each map
Deer Pond
do
ea
d
d
R
Di
ng
l ey
Rd
pe
e
Ch
ico
Fo
gg
Rd
d
Rd
Rd 8363
8491
Tra
i
Rd
Unnamed
Little River
Trib Dam
d
ee
8952
n ny
ip
La
8745
Rd
8951
Ph i
ss
r
rke
d
t Rd
Rus
8744
Pa
ke
y
8248
8163 8737
St
nR
Rd
Oy R
Cla
n
Fin
rR
r
Lo 8953
ng
Pl
ain
s
Tu
r
rth
8507
i ve
eR
8963
9429
8169
Pine
Ridge
Dam
8335
W
eb
8950
ste
Buxton
22
8506
tl
Lit
112
d
Hollis
Bonny
Eagle
Pond
No
8161
8367
8170
D0386
s to
Hu
Gorham
8162
il
R
ne
Li
Open or Developed Lands
8736
Br
ding
d
Forested Lands
These maps are created primarily with 1:24,000
scale basemap data, with landcover data added
to provide general distinctions between open
Killick
and forested
lands. Areas outside of the Casco
Pond are masked to obscure them.
Bay watershed
a
Tr
rR
35
St
8155
ck
St
237
Har
ea
Sp
Watershed Boundary
Bu
ee
ip
ss
O
8874
d
D0377
o R
Gambo
Dunlap
mb
RFalls
d Ga Dam
8720
M
igh
ty
Rd
8967
8733
Intermittent Stream
8157
8710
gt
on
25
8794
8147
Rd
Perennial Stream
Rivers, Ponds & Coastal Waters
8146
l
Hi l
Rd
8145
Fo
rt
Sp
ill
er
Hi
ll
8368
8247
8722
Rd
O
ak
W
ils
on
R
9333
8148
k
Rd
Town Boundary
Watchic Pond
8139
8141
9335
oo
8709
8234
Br
Moody
8714
Railroad
8261
8012
8137 N
ok
on
8707
Interstate
D0372
8131
8478
8703
113
Wetland
9095
8704
Standish
Dundee
Pond Dam
8283
d
8128
8696
Highway
Wards
Pond
Pond Rd
8127
9091
as
Public
Dundee
Pond
8523
9089
Ke
mp
R
Private
D0385
8119
West c ott Bro
Little
Watchic
Pond
Roads
ac
8369 Dam
9259
Rich Mill
Pond Dam
Boundary Rd
Oa k Hill Rd
Priority Stream
Be
H
Flood Hazard
- Cumberland County EMA
Flood Hazard
- CBEP Analysis
Rich
Millpond
8472
hR
Bla
ke
11
North
Gorham
114
8546
0
0.5
1
2
Miles
3
Map Created 2/20/2012
Casco Bay Barriers by Town
Standish
D0409
Jordan
Bay
8636
302
8639
e st
Raymond
k
Wild
8262
Lei
11
nell Rd
l Bur
Car
Sebago
Lake
8666
Ac
re
s
au Pettingill
Pond
Rd
Birch Rd
Br
i dg
8271
e
8860
8864 9071
8094
Ridge
9082
Baldwin
Neg
Ln
8092
sur
e
W hite's
Mill
Pond
Rd
Sebago
hw
Nort
r
Rive
Rd
rch Fitch
Mu
Hyde Br o o
648
8269
D0390
Sebago
Lake Dam
8110
8677
9434
9080
8679
D0374
Eel Weir
Dam
8472
8685
h
ac
Be
ar
m
Rich Mill
Pond Dam
9259
Pond Rd
Rd
d
ll
Hi
Do
Miles
3
G
4
le
Rd
R
Rd
Fo
gg
2
on
Rd
i
8355
Rd
e
ttl
Li
Ch
ico
1
od
Wo
8491
Tr
ail
d
il
ev
ov
8745
ee
sip
0.5
8363
yR
Cla
La
ke
y
ill
rt H
Fo ook
Br
Os
Rd
8951
8952
0
8744
112 We
bs
8950
ter
Rd
ver
ip
8963
8248
8737
t Rd
Rus
les
Fi rook
B
Sk
Tu
r
8506
R
ttle
Li
Hollis
le
Litt
8507
8335
Buxton
22
9429
8169
Pine
Ridge Dam
Rd
ne
Li
pe
e
Rd
8170
D0386
8163
Fa
r
8367
8155
t
rin
gt
Di
ng
ley
ug
l as
il
Sp
a
Tr
d
rin
g
rR
ee
ip
ss
O
ea
Sp
35
8162 No
8161
rd
Wa ook
Br
Li
St
8736
S
rth
Rd
8147
iver
ttle R
8874
8733
M
igh
ty
Rd
8157
8967
B
8720
v er
h
B
tt l
e R iv
Dunlap
o rth
Fo
rt
Sha
ws Mill Rd
S
Br pille
rR
oo
k
d
Rd
N
8146
ch
ran
Hi
ll
8145
8722
8723
Bla
ke
R
ak
ra
er nc
O
ok
8368 Rd
8247
8148
r th
No L i
las
ug
Do ook
Br
25
35
ke
La
9333
8714
Standish
ago
8139
9335
W
ils
on
Rd
d
8709
n
8234
Ke
mp
R
Otter
Ponds
8261
8012
237
Br o
S ti
8137
ok
114
Seb
113
8131
8478
8707
Moody
cky
R
Ha rmo n
D0372
Dundee
Pond Dam
9095
8704
8703
iver
Hi ll Rd
8696
Dundee
Pond
8283
F
B r arm
ook
8128
N as o
Oak Hill R d
8127
West c ottBro
9091
8523
9089
8695
Ri
ve
r
Boundary Rd
11
D0385
H
Duck
Pond
8369
on
s
Rich
Millpond
R
sR
File d
Rd
i
8198
8197
202
Map Created 2/20/2012
Severe and High Priority Potential Barriers by Town
Site ID
8967
8695
8696
9091
8157
8714
8011
8707
8709
8874
8733
8666
8703
8472
9082
8723
9080
9434
8269
D0374
9169
D0390
D0419
9089
9259
D0356
9095
Town
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
Habitat
Priority
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
Basic
Structure
Type
Culvert
Culvert
Culvert
Culvert
Multiple Culverts
Multiple Culverts
Unknown
Culvert
Culvert
Multiple Culverts
Culvert
Multiple Culverts
Culvert
Culvert
Culvert
Culvert
Multiple Culverts
Multiple Culverts
Culvert
Dam
Unknown
Dam
Dam
Bridge
Culvert
Dam
Culvert
Barrier
Class
Potential
Severe
Potential
Severe
Potential
Potential
Potential
Potential
Severe
Potential
Potential
Severe
Severe
Potential
Severe
Potential
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Potential
Severe
Potential
Severe
Severe
Severe
Severe
Survey
Date
8/10/2009
8/5/2010
8/5/2010
8/5/2010
8/10/2009
8/5/2010
8/6/2009
8/5/2010
8/5/2010
8/10/2009
8/10/2009
8/6/2010
8/5/2010
8/6/2009
8/6/2010
7/28/2009
8/6/2009
8/6/2009
7/2/2010
8/6/2010
8/6/2010
7/21/2010
7/21/2010
8/6/2009
8/3/2009
Road Name
Blake Rd
Boundary Rd
Boundary Rd
Carroll Ave
Emery Rd
Juniper Ln
Lucky's Run
Moody Rd
Moody Rd
Osippee Trail
Randall Rd
Rt 114
Rt 114
Rte 35
Sebago L. Campground
Shaws Mill Rd
Unnamed
Unnamed
Whites Bridge Rd
Road
Type &
Class
Town / Paved
Town / Paved
Town / Paved
Private / Paved
Town / Paved
Private / Driveway
Unknown - e911
Town / Unpaved
Town / Paved
State / Paved
Town / Paved
State / Paved
State / Paved
State / Paved
Private / Trail
Town / Paved
Private / Driveway
Private / Unpaved
Town / Paved
NA
Private
NA
NA
Private / Trail
Private / Trail
NA
Private / Trail
Stream
Unnamed
Unnamed
Unnamed
Unnamed
N Branch Little River
Stickey River
No Data
Stickey River
Unnamed
N Branch Little River
N Branch Little River
Unnamed
Unnamed
Nason Brook
Unnamed
N Branch Little River
Unnamed
Unnamed
Unnamed
C&O canal
No Data
Presumpscot River
Rich Mill Pond St
Unnamed
Unnamed
unnamed
Westcott Brook
UTM
East
376507
373786
374024
373531
376537
374627
381469
375176
375505
376336
375882
369814
375120
381485
369538
377461
382837
382873
381442
383425
373671
382988
373667
379401
379453
382865
379725
UTM
North
4842921
4849045
4848857
4849008
4843436
4845292
4850103
4846852
4845868
4842709
4842578
4855431
4848055
4851216
4854901
4844142
4852996
4853022
4854100
4852632
4849480
4854028
4849485
4849700
4849814
4853019
4848091
Stream
Type
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
Number
Of
Culverts
1
1
1
1
2
2
Material
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Metal
Metal
Metal
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
Metal
Plastic
Concrete
Plastic
Metal
Metal
Concrete
Metal
Metal
Stone
Plastic
Metal
1
1
Stone
Concrete
Concrete
Metal
Condition
Rust
Rust
Severe and High Priority Potential Barriers by Town
Site ID
8967
8695
8696
9091
8157
8714
8011
8707
8709
8874
8733
8666
8703
8472
9082
8723
9080
9434
8269
D0374
9169
D0390
D0419
9089
9259
D0356
9095
Specific
Structure
Type
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Inlet
Condition
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
Pipe Arch Culvert
Box Culvert
Round Culvert
Round Culvert
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
Perched
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
Inlet
Blocked
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
25%
No
50%
No
75%
No
No
Primary
Inlet
Span
FT
4.0
2.9
4.9
4.0
3.9
3.0
Crossing
Structure
Length
FT
40.0
63.0
60.4
60.4
47.2
31.2
Outlet
Condition
At Grade
Perched
At Grade
Cascade
At Grade
At Grade
3.9
2.0
2.4
3.9
2.3
2.5
2.0
2.1
8.7
3.3
3.0
2.5
31.8
56.1
52.2
40.7
37.7
80.4
74.8
19.7
59.1
26.9
39.4
47.6
At Grade
Perched
At Grade
At Grade
Perched
Perched
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
At Grade
Perched
Perched
Outlet
Drop
FT
0.2
0.2
0.2
2.0
0.6
0.3
Crossing
Substrate
None
None
None
None
None
None
Comparable
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Comparable
None
None
Fill
Height
FT
3.3
3.9
0.5
1.3
At Grade
At Grade
100%
100%
Round Culvert
At Grade
100%
2.1
23.0
50.9
At Grade
Perched
18.4
At Grade
1.1
Unknown
Unknown
Comparable
7.9
11.2
5.2
2.3
2.8
5.7
3.3
0.7
1.0
9.1
0.7
26.2
No
Bridge w/ Abutments
Round Culvert
Estimated
Stream
Width FT
16.6
3.1
6.0
8.9
3.0
4.0
10.3
2.4
4.9
8.0
1.0
2.9
3.4
Upstream
Miles
to Next
Barriers
0.185
0.159
1.748
0.676
0.343
0.937
0.312
1.827
0.314
0.329
0.872
0.522
0.145
0.229
0.528
1.350
0.778
0.005
0.118
1.235
0.003
123.854
6.753
0.267
0.091
0.025
0.165
UpStream
Barriers
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
3
1
174
0
0
0
1
0
Total
Upstream
Miles
1.387
0.836
1.748
0.676
0.343
0.937
0.312
3.078
0.314
1.201
0.872
1.050
0.145
0.229
0.528
3.079
0.778
0.808
0.118
2.044
6.756
333.449
6.753
0.267
0.091
0.804
0.165
Downstream
Barriers
6
1
1
2
6
2
9
1
2
7
8
1
1
9
2
5
10
8
1
7
1
0
2
1
1
9
5
Dam Name
Hydraulic
Height
FT
Eel Weir Dam
18.0
Sebago Lake Dam
Rich Mill Pond Dam
29.0
7.0
Unnamed
0.4