RECYCLING POLIMER TONER BEKAS MENJADI BIJIH PLASTIK DAN PENGOLAHAN

STUDY of PLASTIC RECYCLING and
THEIR LIQUID WASTE PROCESSING
in household scale
Isdaryanto I.
Prodi Teknik Mesin, Fak. Teknik
Universitas Atmajaya
funded through competitive grants
from ministry of education and culture
introduction
•Number of non-degradable garbage each year
increased
•The 3 R program by ministry of environment
(KLH), and the implementation of the act no. 18 /
2008 about waste management
The regional government will form waste bank
(bank sampah) at every district & city.
The company will buy back used cartridge from
their sales agents.
Study purposes
A common purpose :
support government programs to address the
problem of waste, in particular non degradable
garbage.
Special purpose:
Acquiring technology recycling plastic used by
considering the aspect of environmental and
business.
The urgency of study

Garbage (degradable and non degradable) is
a major problem.

Non-degradable garbage provide a bigger
problem than the degradable garbage.

Nondegradable garbage often found in
landfill
The urgency of study



Act 18 of 2008: changing the paradigm of waste
management of end of pipe into reduce at sources
and resources recycle
3 R program by the ministry of environment agency
through trash bank
Application of extended producer responsibility
(EPR): Manufacturers are required to manage the
packaging and / or product which can not or
difficult to decompose by natural processes.
The urgency of study
Preliminary studies of simple and cheap
plastic recycling and their waste water
processing
Results of research in the form
prototype can be offered to NGO /
Waste Bank (Bank Sampah) or
cartridge company to be developed
further
Sample Being Used

Cartridge Printer (
Using most cartridge
Printer being used in campus)

Plastic Bottle
Cartridge Printer being studied

Cartridge Toner HP 15 A, 35A dan 06A
formulation of the problem
1. B3 types and levels of contaminants in a used
cartridge wash water;
2. How does the processing of waste;
3. Identification of chemical polymer cartridge;
4. How do the recycling polymer.
Outcomes of study
The first phase of the study outcomes


The identity and thermal properties of
polymer cartridge as well as
methods of treatment of wastewater
from the washing process used
cartridge.
identification of polymers



Identification of polymers by FTIR showed
that all three variants of the polymer
component in the toner is selected as the
sample is polystyrene.
glass transition temperature occurs at a
temperature of 98.16 ° C.
Start degraded at temperatures of about
275 ° C
Identification of polymers using TGA
Sample
Companies
Data sheet
81.4% Polystyrene
Up to 55 % copolymer
styrene-acrylate
volatile compounds
14.9%
Up to 50 % Fe2O3
Carbon black 4.0%
Up to 3% amorphous
silica
Analysis of used toner waste water



Washing toner done using water (water used
PAM) without soap in a plastic bucket. The volume
of 6 liters of water used to clean 6 cartridge.
Wash water filtration toner using filter paper.
Analysis of the waste water refer to Regulation no
82 / 2001 on the Management of Water Quality
and Water Pollution Control
water quality vs Regulation no 82 / 2001
All the parameters fullfil the spec, except Zn (0.63 mg/L).
15A
35A
&
06F
standard class I-III: Zn max 0.05 mg/L,
standard class IV: Zn max 2 mg/L,
Conventional drinking water : Zn max 5 mg/L

Dishwater toner HP series 15A, 35A,
and 06F does not contain harmful
pollutants
The Second phase of the study outcomes
Product Design Specification Crusher machine for
chopping the polymer:







Crushing Plastic into pieces
capacity of about 25 kg per hour
Plastics are crushed out of the shredder by utilizing
the force of gravity
Energy sources in the form of two-phase electric
motors
Under conditions of excessive load, the motor does
not burn
Easily perform replacement of components that are
easily worn / damaged
Safe for workers
Crusher machine
Simple filter for water treatment
( Physical Filtration)
Waste Water Testing results
Parameter
Unit
Result
Method
Colour
Unit PtCo
0,46
SNI.01-3554
7,73
SNI.06-6989
pH
turbidity
NTU
0,63
SNI.06-6989
dissolved solids
mg/liter
332
SNI.06-6989
hardness
mg/liter
93.4
SNI.06-6989
sulfate
mg/liter
44,8
SNI.06-6989
chloride
mg/liter
17
SNI.06-6989
iron
mg/liter
0,06
APHA.3120B
zinc
mg/liter
0,63
APHA.3120B
sodium
mg/liter
28,9
AAS
The third phase of the study outcomes




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Product Design Specification cutting mill
for flake smoothing :
Able to produce flakes with a cross-sectional area of
about 2 mm2
Can operate in hose with electric power 900 VA (R1)
Under conditions of excessive load, the motor does
not burn
The equipment that is easy to wear (fast moving)
easily obtainable in the market.
Production capacity of about 10-15 kg / h
Embodiment cutting mills
Blade of Cutting Mills
Inlet , outlet, strainer & safety
Result
from
Cutting
Mills
Plastic Melting Chamber using LPG as heat
source
In Progress to
get Patent (HKI)
Heating control systems unit
using LPG
Embodiment Plastic Melting Chamber
using LPG as heat source
Detail Component
The resulting filaments

Prospects in producing pellets of recycled plastic in
household scale can be done with a relatively low cost
because:
– Handling of used washing water processed using physical method
and after filtered, water can be used again for washing.
– Destruction of plastic into flakes can be done with simple machines
and do not require a large electric power
– Heating temperature for manufacture of plastic filaments which
theoretically should be in the range between the glass transition
temperature and degradation temperature, the heating process
can be done by using LPG which can be purchased at a price that
is quite cheap compared to electricity
Thank you