to the RENEWABLE ENERGY ATLAS

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EUROPEAN UNION
RENEWABLE ENERGY ATLAS
Project R.E.S.I.
Renewable Energy Scenarios in Islands
Ragusa - Agrigento - Malta
EUROPEAN UNION
Project RESI, Renewable Energy Scenarios in Islands, code A1.2.2.05, funded under the
Operative Programme Italia-Malta 2007-2013. Website: www.resiproject.eu
Lead Partner:
Provincia Regionale di Ragusa
U.O.A. Ufficio Energia
Website: www.provincia.ragusa.it
Partners:
Provincia Regionale di Agrigento
Settore ambiente, territorio, politiche comunitarie e attività negoziale
Website: www.provincia.agrigento.it
Malta Resources Authority(MRA)
Website: www.mra.org.mt
University of Malta
Institute for Sustainable Energy
Website: www.um.edu.mt
Italia-Malta Programme - Cohesion Policy 2007-2013
This project is part-financed by the European Union
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
Co-financing rate: 85% EU Funds; 15% National Funds
Investing in your future
RENEWABLE ENERGY ATLAS
Ragusa - Agrigento - Malta
2012
RESI Work Package 3
Responsible Partner:
Institute for Sustainable Energy/University of Malta
Participating Partners:
Provincia Regionale di Ragusa
Provincia Regionale di Agrigento
Malta Resources Authority
INDEX
Introduction
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Case studies
Regional Province of Ragusa, Sicily (IT)
Regional energy settings
Installations:
1. SonnenEnergie plant, mod. S-BRP, for the production of domestic hot water by solar power,
installed in the “Poggio del Sole Resort” **** , Ragusa
2. “Donnadolce Service” Project
industrial sized photovoltaic power plant located on the ground, Comiso
3. “Solar Energy Librandello”
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Chiaramonte Gulfi
4. SAN GABRIELE” Project
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Ragusa
5. “Solar Energy Ragusa 1”
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Santa Croce Camerina
6. “Solar Energy Resiné”
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Vittoria
7. “Zinco Iblea” Project
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Ragusa
8. “EOLI” Project
wind power plant located in Ragusa
9. “Gasp” Project
Energy recovery from waste gases produced during a process of CO2 extraction located in Ragusa
10. Power plant for the recovery of biogas energy from municipal solid waste tank servicing
the sub-district of Ragusa, Chiaramonte Gulfi, Giarratana and Monterosso Almo, Ragusa - Italy
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Regional Province of Agrigento, Sicily (IT)
Installations:
1. “Concentrator san Benedetto”
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Favara
2. “Batia San Francesco”
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Naro
3. “Calamonaci”
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Calamonaci
4. “Licata”
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Licata
5. “Lucca Sicula”
ground-based photovoltaic plants located in Lucca Sicula
6. “Wind farm Monte Petrasi”
wind farm located in Naro
7. “Wind devices San Benedetto”
wind power plant located in Favara
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8. Power plant for alternative energy’s production (wave power)
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located in “Cozzo Intronata”, “Rocca Rossa” and “Portella Creta ”,
municipal districts of Lercara Friddi (PA), Castronovo di Sicilia (PA), Cammarata (AG), Vallelunga Pratameno (CL)
9. Power plant for alternative energy - wind power 39
located in c/da dell’Alvano ed Aquilea
10. “Landfill and energy recovery plant Siculiana” located in Siculiana
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Malta (MT)
Installations:
1. Solar water heating system
at Hotel Fortina & Fortina Spa Resort
2. “Distributed CHP generation from small size concentrated solar power”
(DiGeSPo) at Arrow Pharm Ltd.
3. Solar photovoltaics system at Michael Debono Ltd.,
Toyota showroom
4. Solar photovoltaics system
at Titan International Ltd.
at the Ministry for Resources and Rural Affairs (MRRA)
at Nectar Group of Companies
7. Concentrated solar photovoltaics system
at BOV Adventure Park, Ta’Qali
8. Geothermal energy system
at Baxter Ltd.
9. Sant’Antnin waste treatment plant
at WasteServ Malta Ltd.
10. Sea-water air-conditioning system
at Fort Cambridge development residential complex
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RENEWABLE ENERGY ATLAS: Responsibility
University of Malta, Institute for Sustainable Energy (ISE) - Coordinator
Prof. Dr.techn. Dipl.-Ing. Manfred Weissenbacher
Provincia Regionale di Ragusa, Assessorato Territorio e Ambiente - U.O.A. Ufficio Energia
Ing. Joseph Ferraro
Provincia Regionale di Agrigento, Assessorato Territorio e Ambiente - Direzione Grande Progetto Energia
Ing. Angela Renzi
Ecoazioni S.n.c.
Arch. Massimo Bastiani
Arch. Virna Venerucci
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INTRODUCTION
Renewable Energy Installations in Malta and Sicily
Manfred Weissenbacher
A study covering the energy settings of two southern Sicilian Provinces and Malta could not be more timely. By the
end of the year 2013 a physical energy link in the form of a subsea cable is scheduled to connect, for the first time
ever, the thus far isolated Maltese grid to the Sicilian grid and hence to Europe. Sicily, an electricity exporter, has welcomed the interconnector proposal that will provide Malta with energy imports that are urgently needed to allow an
older power plant to be shut down and to accommodate the increasing electricity demand. However, interconnection
to the Sicilian grid will also provide for the grid stability necessary for Malta to follow its aspirations to implement
large intermittent renewable energy installations.
The settings in terms of renewable energy challenges are quite different in the participating provinces of Ragusa and
Agrigento when compared to Malta. Renewable energy sources tend to have low energy intensities per unit area and
thus require space. However, a population of some 410 thousand people (excluding tourists) on a territory of just 316
km2 makes Malta one of the ten most densely populated nations in the world. Malta was the only EU member country
with a zero percent renewable energy consumption share in 2005, and this share was still below one percent in 2010,
though it should be 10 percent by 2020 if everything works out as planned. Meanwhile, the population density in the
neighboring Sicilian provinces is nearly ten times lower. Malta’s population is a third larger than that of the Province
of Ragusa, while Ragusa’s territory is five times larger than that of Malta. Similarly, the Province of Agrigento is ten
times larger than Malta, while Agrigento’s population size (454 thousand) is comparable to that of Malta. These provinces thus had the space to implement large-scale wind and photovoltaic installations based on the previously lavish
Italian renewable energy incentive schemes. Also worth mentioning is that the topography and even the rainfall patterns are quite different in the Sicilian provinces compared to Malta. Monte Cammarata, in the Province of Agrigento,
is 1.578 meters high, while Malta’s highest point, Ta’ Dmejrek, is 253 meters above sea level.
The differences described here are in turn reflected in the nature of the regional renewable energy installations included in this Renewable Energy Atlas. The Institute for Sustainable Energy at the University of Malta was responsible
for the creation of this atlas with the contribution of all partners of the RESI project, i.e. the Province of Ragusa,
the Province of Agrigento, and the Malta Resources Authority. The idea to create a Renewable Energy Atlas was born
during the earliest stages of the RESI project formulation, in February 2010, when we were seeking strategies to
increase the focus on renewable energy in this area of the Mediterranean that is characterized by an overwhelming
reliance on imported fossil fuels. The Renewable Energy Atlas was to demonstrate what has already been done in the
different participating regions with regard to renewable energy implementation, to illustrate how well the established installations are performing, and thus to encourage further investments by providing policy makers and other
stakeholders with relevant information. Naturally, the cross-border knowledge exchange was a crucial element within
this project funded by the European Union under the Italia-Malta Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013.
This aspect has been facilitated especially through a closely related activity within the same RESI work package, also
under the overall responsibility of the Institute for Sustainable Energy: the organisation of Renewable Energy Tours
that brought Sicilian and Maltese stakeholders to the sites where such energy installations are operating as described
in this atlas. Meanwhile a regional Renewable Energy Database has been created under the responsibility of the Malta
Resources Authority, again with the participation of all mentioned partners. Both the atlas and the database are
available in digital format and may be accessed through the project’s website at www.resiproject.eu, while the printed
edition of this atlas will be produced in 2.000 copies in both English and Italian language.
This atlas is organized into three sections, covering the Provinces of Ragusa, the Province of Agrigento, and Malta.
Each section has a short introduction that describes the energy realities in the three regions.
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The technologies covered fall in the following categories.
Photovoltaics. Photovoltaic (PV) panels convert solar radiation directly into electricity, although at a somewhat low
efficiency. However, they are relatively easy to install, require minimal maintenance, and experienced dramatic cost
decreases in recent years. Photovoltaic installations are the most prominent technology in this atlas that was expected to have a focus on solar energy (Six PV plants in Ragusa as well as Malta, and five in Agrigento.). To be sure,
we included quite a variety within the PV category, with case studies including monocrystalline, polycrystalline and
thin film types ranging from traditional roof-based installations to double-axis tracked ground-based solar PV farms
to two different types of concentrated PV installations (lenses in Agrigento, Cassegrain reflectors in Malta).
Solar thermal. Solar water heaters installed on rooftops are a common sight in Mediterranean regions. They convert
solar radiation far more efficiently than photovoltaic panels, albeit into a less versatile form of energy (hot water
rather than electricity). When hot water is in demand, solar water heaters are a lot more cost-effective compared to
photovoltaic panels combined with electric boilers. Two solar water heating systems installed on hotel roofs have
been included in this atlas. Both are using commercially available collectors. The sophistication of the installation
in Ragusa rests with the combination of solar-heated water with an innovative boiler and water distribution system.
The installation in Malta, utilizing vacuum tubes rather than flat-plate collectors, is unusually large and integrated
into a system that features pumps, heat exchangers and calorifiers. A concentrated solar thermal installation utilizing
parabolic troughs is included in the Maltese case studies as well. This R&D installation is a combined heat and power
concept that will eventually feature a Stirling engine.
Wind power. Wind turbines for electricity production represent a mature technology. Despite the cost decreases of PV
systems in recent years, onshore wind remains a lot less costly compared to photovoltaics in Mediterranean settings
in terms of unit of electricity produced over the plant’s lifetime. Four sites of wind turbine installations are included
in this atlas, three in Agrigento and one in Ragusa. All these are standard wind power installations, but the inclusion
was especially relevant in terms of cross-border knowledge exchange: Malta has at this stage no large modern wind
turbines at all. The Sicilian wind power output data will benefit Maltese decision makers, and the Renewable Energy
Tour to these installations provided the opportunity to have representatives of relevant Maltese authorities to evaluate the visual and noise impact of onshore wind installations on site.
Energy from waste/methane gas. Three energy-from-waste installations, one in each region, have been included
that generate biogas used to fuel internal combustion engines that drive electricity generators. The installations in
Ragusa and Agrigento recover the biogas from landfills, while it is produced in anaerobic digesters at the Maltese
facility. An additional installation in Ragusa removes carbon dioxide from “waste gas” generated during the extraction of crude oil from wells to yield a gas rich enough in methane to fuel an internal combustion engine that drives
an electricity generator as well.
Cooling with water. Two installations have been included that use water as a medium for cooling purposes. Both
installations are located in Malta. One is a sea-water air-conditioning system within a large apartment complex, featuring an open sea-water loop and a closed internal fresh-water loop that meet at heat exchangers. The second is a
closed loop geothermal system featuring 22 boreholes that supports cooling at a production plant.
Given the wide range of technologies included in this publication, from well-established, commercially available systems to highly sophisticated research and development projects, this atlas will hopefully appeal to stakeholders of all
kinds and truly help to reach the objective set out in the start: to promote the use of renewable energy.
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CASE STUDIES
Regional Province of Ragusa
Introduction: Regional Province of Ragusa
Joseph Ferraro
The Province of Ragusa is one of Sicily’s nine provinces, and it is located on the south-east of the island. It comprises of 12 municipalities, with a population of 318.478 inhabitants over an area of 1.614 km2, with a population density of 197,32 people/Km2. The area
borders with the provinces of Siracusa, Catania and Caltanissetta, from west to east, and the Strait of Sicily in the south (Geographic
coordinates: 36° 55’30 “N, 14° 43’50”E). The territory extends over an area of 1.192 km2. Most of its topography is rather hilly, with
peaks ranging from 0 to 975m above sea level, and it is occupied almost entirely by the plateau of the Iblei’s mounts, which highest
peak, Mount Lauro, is 986 meters high. Low-lying areas, extending over an area of 420 km2, are present in the northern part of the
territory, the Ippari valley, which includes the towns of Acate, Comiso and Vittoria, and constitute the main agricultural area of the
province. Average temperatures range between 8,1° and 25°, with an average annual temperature of about 16° and 1.324 degree days
(Ragusa). In the mountainous areas the mean annual rainfall is 700mm. The territory’s geology is mainly limestone, with a rather dry
and stony landscape. Characteristic of the area are the “dry stone walls” that like a spider’s web weave through the entire territory.
Energy framework
Oil and oil products
The percentage of unrefined oil production in Sicily accounts for 13,7% of national production, and that extracted in Ragusa
alone, in 2011, amounted to 11,7% of total oil production in the island. Sicily is first among the Italyn regions for production
of natural gasoline, with about 119.490 tonnes (estimated in 2010) or 77,4% of the national total.
Regional Province of Ragusa - Italy
Gas fuels
In 2010 the production of natural gas in Sicily was 332.928 thousand cubic meters. The main deposits of the Province of Ragusa
are found in Comiso II and Ragusa with a production of about 25.000 thousand cubic meters. In Sicily, in 2010, consumption
of natural gas by the industry, the thermal sector and secondary networks amounted to 4.343 million cubic meters. The area of
maximum consumption was the thermoelectric sector.
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Consumption of gas fuels in 2010 was spread as follows:
Industrial sector: total production 885,9 million cubic meters - its highest consumption is found in the province of Siracusa
with 558,5 million cubic meters, while the province of Ragusa consumes a total of 8,5 million cubic meters of natural gas.
Thermoelectric sector: total production 2.781 million cubic meters - the highest consumption is again found in the province of
Siracusa with 1.548,3 billion cubic meters, while the province of Ragusa consumes 0.0 million cubic meters of natural gas.
Transport sector: total 675,8 million cubic meters - the highest consumption is found in the province of Catania with 151,3
million cubic meters, while consumption of natural gas in the province of Ragusa amounted to 40,9 million cubic meters.
Automotive sector: total 13,5 million cubic meters - the highest consumption is again found in the province of Catania with 4,8
million cubic meters, while consumption of natural gas in the province of Ragusa amounted to 1,3 million cubic meters.
Civil-consumption of natural gas for domestic use and heating, in m³ per capita - the province of Enna has the highest consumption per capita with 371,8 m³, while the province of Ragusa consumes 162,00 m³ per capita.
Oil Sale in Sicily
Sale of diesel fuel in Sicily in 2010, for uses in the agricultural sector, amounted to 123.791 tons. Among Sicily’s provinces, Catania was the one with the highest consumption, followed by the province of Ragusa with 19.884 tonness, Enna and Trapani.
The sale of diesel fuel for the civil sector in Sicily, in 2010, amounted to 20.144 tons, half of the consumption in 2009. Among
Sicily’s provinces, in 2010, Ragusa had the highest consumption with 10.993 tonnes.
Sale of fuel oil for thermoelectricity and other uses
The sale of fuel oil used for the production of electricity and for other uses was greatly reduced between 2007 and 2010, decreasing from 1.369.000 tonnes in 2007 to 234.000 tons in 2010. The province of Messina has the largest consumption because
of its use in the production of electricity in the S. Filippo del Mela power plant, followed by the Province of Catania and the
Province of Ragusa with 4.380 tonnes.
Electricity
All of Sicily’s provinces have a 220 kV grid connection, while the provinces of Catania, Messina, Siracusa, Ragusa and Enna
are also interested by the 380 kV grid connection. In 2010, in Sicily, the net production of energy was 24.308,5 GWh, with a
demand for 21.980 GWh and a net surplus of 710 GWh.
In 2010, the province of Ragusa consumed 3.661 kWh of electricity per capita, for a total of 1.357,2 GWh divided as follows:
Agriculture - the province of Ragusa has the highest electricity consumption, amounting to 102,5 KWh.
Industry - The province of Siracusa has the highest consumption with 2.653 GWh, the province of Ragusa consumed 524,1 GWh
of electricity.
Tertiary - The province of Palermo has the highest consumption with 1.357,0 GWh, while in the province of Ragusa electricity
consumption amounted to 353,2 GWh.
Residential - The province of Palermo has the highest consumption with 1.565,5 GWh, the province of Ragusa consumed 377,4
GWh of electricity.
Cost of electricity
The Italyn Power Exchange market reported for 2010 an average energy purchase price of € 62,12 / MWh. The annual trend
changes show that the largest increases, although relatively low, were recorded in the macro-zone North Italy (+ 1,9) and Sicily (+ 1,8). The average national tariff for the cost of transmission, distribution and metering for the year 2011 amounted to
0,6%, equivalent to 2,267 cents€ per kWh. On 1 October 2011, the price of electricity for residential consumers, with an annual
consumption of 2.700 kWh and 3 KW of power, was 16,49 cents€ / kWh inclusive of all taxes.
Renewable energy sources in the Province of Ragusa
Sicily is 13th in regards to the distribution of the power capacity of photovoltaic systems per capita, thus below the national average with
a value of 0,098 kW / inhabitant. In terms of surface Sicily ranks 11th with 19,3 MW / km2, also below the national average. The number
and size of power plants in Sicily by comparison to the national total in 2011, is equal to 5,66%, while the plants’ power capacity in Sicily,
by comparison to the national total in 2011, is equal to 5,90%. In terms of distribution of the number of power plants in Sicily, in 2011,
the province of Ragusa was 3rd with a percentage of 0,72% by comparison to the regional total of 5,66%. In relation to the plants’ power
in Sicily, in 2011, the province of Ragusa was 2nd with a percentage of 1,08% by comparison to the regional total of 5,90%.
Photovoltaic (working power plants on 31.12.2011)
Up to 20kWp, number of power plants: 2.378 - total power capacity: 10,2 MWp
From 20 kWp to 50 kWp, number of power plants: 81 - total power capacity: 3,4 MWp
Above 50 kWp, number of power plants: 174 - total power capacity: 124,4 MWp
Wind Power (working power plants on 31.12.2011)
number of power plants: 2 - total power capacity: 48 MWp
In 2010 it was estimated that energy production from renewable sources in Sicily amounted to 2.593,9 GWh, most of which (2.203,0
GWh) was produced by Wind farms. In 2010 Puglia held the record with 134 power plants, representing 23,5% of the national total,
followed by Sicily with 62 power plants representing 23,4% of the national total. In Sicily, the Province of Ragusa is 8th, while, with
regards to the plants’ power, Sicily, in 2010, was first with 1.436,6 MWp of 24,7%, the national average, and the Province of Ragusa
was 8th with a total capacity of 48 kMWp, and a percentage of 0,8% compared to the regional average of 24,7%.
Hydraulic sources and hydropower
At present there is no production of energy from hydraulic sources and hydropower in the Province of Ragusa.
Geothermal energy
At present there is no production of geothermal energy in the Province of Ragusa
The data were taken from the “Rapporto Energia del Dicembre 2011 dell’Assessorato dell’Energia e dei Servizi di Pubblica Utilità
– Dipartimento dell’Energia della Regione Siciliana”.
The production data of plants and CO2 were provided directly by the owners themselves.
Biomass (working power plants on 31.12.2011)
Currently Sicily accounts for 2% of national production, occupying the 13th place with 150,2 GWh. In the last decade total production in Italy increased by 410%, in conformity with government incentives and in compliance with European Directive 2009/28/EC
concerning the obligation to feed into the grid biofuel amounting to 3,5% of the total fuel energy fed into the grid in 2009.
number of power plants: 2 - total power capacity: 7,5 MWp
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1
SONNENENERGIE PLANT, MOD. S-BRP,
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DOMESTIC HOT
WATER BY SOLAR POWER, INSTALLED IN
THE “POGGIO DEL SOLE RESORT” ****
Ragusa (RG) - Italy
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2
Comiso
DONNADOLCE SERVICE” PROJECT
INDUSTRIAL SIZED PHOTOVOLTAIC
POWER PLANT LOCATED ON THE
GROUND
Comiso (RG) - Italy
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Vittoria
“SOLAR ENERGY LIBRANDELLO”
Chiaramonte Gulfi (RG) - Italy
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4
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SAN GABRIELE” PROJECT
Ragusa (RG) - Italy
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“SOLAR ENERGY RAGUSA 1”
Santa Croce Camerina (RG) - Italy
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Santa Croce Camerina
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Chiaramonte Gulfi
“SOLAR ENERGY RESINÉ”
Vittoria (RG) - Italy
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“ZINCO IBLEA” PROJECT
PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT
Ragusa (RG) - Italy
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Ragusa
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1
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“EOLI” PROJECT
RAGUSA (RG) - Italy
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“GASP” PROJECT
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE GASES
PRODUCED DURING A PROCESS OF CO2
EXTRACTION
Ragusa - Italy
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POWER PLANT FOR THE RECOVERY OF
BIOGAS ENERGY FROM MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTE TANK SERVICING
THE SUB-DISTRICT OF RAGUSA,
CHIARAMONTE GULFI, GIARRATANA
AND MONTEROSSO ALMO Ragusa - Italy
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SONNENENERGIE PLANT, MOD. S-BRP, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
DOMESTIC HOT WATER BY SOLAR POWER, INSTALLED IN THE “POGGIO
DEL SOLE RESORT” **** Ragusa (RG) - Italy
1
Location: Hotel Restaurant “Poggio del Sole Resort”
Owner:“Poggio del Sole Resort” - Ragusa
Installation Date: : year 2006
Plant’s power: 3.500 lt
Results obtained: The innovative plant SonnenEnergie S-BRP,
with Proportional Heating Boiler, which heats the water from
top to bottom, allows to have domestic hot water immediately
available without the need for the entire boiler to heat up. This
thanks to the BRP system which does not mix the cold water
entering the boiler with the hot water. By keeping the two “areas”, hot and cold water, always separate it ensures that, in the
event of the heating system being off, the temperature reached
is maintained until almost all of the water heated is used up.
The innovative system SonnenEnergie allows one to have totally
free hot water for 280 days per year. In the event of an overcast
sky over several days, for the integration, it is sufficient a gas
boiler of 34 kW only. The innovative B.R.P. system allows to reduce the fossil fuel costs for the integration by, approximately,
92%. In the structure the average costs of hot water integration
do not exceed € 12,00 per bed / year. Very significant is the limited input of CO2 into the atmosphere.
Contact: SonnenEnergie
Zona Industriale Viale 17 n°14, I-97100 Ragusa
Telephone number: +39 0932 667 290
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.sonnenenergie.it
Manager: Poggio del Sole Resort
Description: SonnenEnergie plant, mod. S-BRP22/350-S, is
installed at the Poggio del Sole Resort, open all year round,
to produce hot water for sanitary purposes and for use in
the kitchen.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The innovative system
SonnenEnergie mod. S-BRP22/350-S (Proportional Heating
Boiler, patented), for the production of domestic hot water by
solar energy, is made of stainless steel AISI 316L. The boiler
S-BRP, with a capacity of 3500 liters and a fixed exchanger, is
made of stainless steel AISI 316L.
The panels, with a box in stainless steel AISI 316L, have a
module surface of 47,10 m2.
The plant is provided with a device for the disinfection from
Legionella pneumophila through the heat shock method
(treatment of the boiler and of the distribution network
including all drawing points of domestic hot water). The
process requires only 3-4 hours and can be carried out at
any time, even daily, without interruption to the activity.
This method follows the guidelines for the prevention and
control of legionellosis laid down by the Ministry of Health
(04/04/2000, OJ 10.5.2000), and the guidelines concerning
legionellosis set for managers of touristic and thermal facilities (OJ 13.1.2005).
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DONNADOLCE SERVICE” PROJECT
INDUSTRIAL SIZED PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT LOCATED ON THE GROUND
Comiso (RG) - Italy
Location: agricultural land located in “Contrada Canicarao”
within Comiso’s municipality
Owner: EBM - Münchenstein – Switzerland
Project Management: Heliosfarm s.r.l.
Works and equipment: Ghea s.r.l.
Installation Date: : April 2011
Plant’s power: 4,97 MWp
Plant’s annual production: 7.660 MWh/year
Avoided CO2: 4.067 tonnes/year
Description: This photovoltaic power plant is grid-connected, with support structures of the “retrofit” type,
which are easily detached.
Plant’s technical characteristics:
Total extent of the site: 228.100 m 2 ;
Plant’s rated power: 4,968 kWp;
photovoltaic modules used: 21.600;
Total surface area of the electric generator: 35.283,6
m 2 ; Modules’ rated power: 230 Wp;
Number of inverters: 20 x 250 kWp;
Number of cabins: 5 x 1 MWp (4 inverters);
Number of transformers: 5 x 1.000 kVA.
Results obtained: The photovoltaic plant ‘Donnadolce’ is able to produce 7.660 MWh / year of electricity,
or cover the electricity consumption of approximately
3.000 families of four people, with 4.067 tonnes per
year of CO 2 emissions avoided.
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2
The total cost of the power plant was € 142.000. Particular attention was paid to its visual impact on the
landscape which was toned down by planting native
vegetation around its perimeter.
Contact: Heliosfarm s.r.l. – Ing. Alberto Rossi
Telephone number: +39 02 49792031
Website: www.heliosfarm.com
“SOLAR ENERGY LIBRANDELLO”
GROUND-BASED PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS
Chiaramonte Gulfi (RG) - Italy
Location: Contrada Librandello snc
Owner:Solar Energy Italy 6 Srl
Installation Date: : 20 December 2010 – 26 April 2011
Plant’s annual production: 12.766,167 MWh/year
Avoided CO2:6.766.068 tonnes/year
material. These serve as support to a structure consisting of laminated wood beams with aluminum cables on
which are fixed, using specific supports, the photovoltaic
modules.
Results obtained: The photovoltaic power plant is capable of producing approximately 12.766 MWh / year of
electricity, with 6.766.068 tonnes / year of CO 2 avoided.
The plant receives incentives from the Third Energy Bill
for the amount of € 0,297 / kWh of energy produced.
Contact: Solar Energy Italy 1 Srl
Via G. Fucà, 1/A - 97100 Ragusa
Telephone number: +39 0932 18 55 290
Website: www.austrian-enviro.com
Description: The photovoltaic power plant “Solar Energy
Librandello” produces electricity from solar energy and
feds it into the national grid. The total area, originally
used for cereal cultivation, covers more than 28 Ha.
Plant’s technical characteristics: This is a grid-connected, retro-fit installation with fixed orientation collectors. The angle of tilt is 15° while the azimuth angle
is 0°. The solar collectors cover a total area of about
82.718,5 square meters. Each module is 1,2x0,6 meters,
with a unit power of 77,5 Wp, for a total power capacity
of 9,18 MWp.
The modules are of the thin-film type, produced by First
Solar, mod. FS-277, and consist of a layer of photosensitive material in cadmium telluride placed between two
glass plates. The module’s support structure consists of
bars of galvanized steel, driven into the soil and stabilized through the use of a small amount of cementing
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SAN GABRIELE” PROJECT
Ragusa (RG) - Italy
Location: a terra in c.da Mendolilli / Cinquevie
Owner: ASP ATON SUNPOWER Italy S.r.l.
Installation Date: : December 2009
Plant’s power: 4 MWp
Plant’s annual production: 7,.300 MWh/year
Description: The photovoltaic plant “SAN GABRIELE” is located
between contrada Mendolilli and contrada Cinquevie, at Km 4
on the Regional Road 31 in Ragusa. The plant covers an area of
approximately 98.000 m2.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The photovoltaic power
plant SAN GABRIEL is divided into 4 sections:
SECTION-1 power 0,99 MWp on solar trackers
SECTION-2 power 0,99 MWp on solar trackers
SECTION-3 1 MWp power on fixed collectors
SECTION-4 1 MWp kWp power on fixed collectors
In Sections 1 and 2 were installed no. 9.492 monocrystalline
photovoltaic modules type Sanyo HIP-210NKHE5 210 Wp on no.
226 solar trackers.I
n Sections 3 and 4 were installed no. 6.912 polycrystalline photovoltaic modules type Sovello SV-X-200 and 200Wp and no.
3.060 photovoltaic modules polycrystalline type Sovello SV-X205 205Wp on fixed collectors.
18
4
The conversion part from CC to CA consists of no. 412 inverters
Omron KP100L of 10kW located in 4 sections, and four electrical substations that are part of a main electrical station where
all the energy produced is measured and fed into the grid MT.
The solar park can be monitored and controlled either from the
control room or remotely.
On the basis of the systems employed, this can be considered as
one of the most innovative and functional photovoltaic plants
in the world.
Results obtained: The photovoltaic plant can produce 7.300
MWh of electricity per year, avoiding the emission of 5.256
tonnes of CO2 per year. The total cost was approximately €
22.000.000.
The plant falls within the 2° Energy Bill, and, taking into account funding and sales, it has a return of circa € 3.310.000
per year. The timescale for the return on investment will be
about 6,6 years.
Contact: Tecnoproget Engineering S.r.l.
Via G. Ungaretti, 3 - 97100 Ragusa (RG)
Website: www.tecnoproget.com
“SOLAR ENERGY RAGUSA 1”
Santa Croce Camerina (RG) - Italy
Location: Contrada Spinazza snc
Owner:Solar Energy Italy 1 Srl
Installation Date: : 5 July 2010 – 20 December 2010
Avoided CO2: 8.162.000 ton/year
to a galvanized steel structure on which are fixed aluminium
cables on which are fixed, using specific supports, the photovoltaic modules. Despite its considerable size the plant fits
well within the surrounding landscape, since it develops on a
hillside and so is mostly hidden from view. In addition, the
plant complies with all the requirements prescribed by the
agencies for the protection of Ragusa’s agro-natural landscape, which involved also the restoration of more than 5 km
of dry stone walls, which are typical of Ragusa’s plateau.
Results obtained: The photovoltaic plant is able to produce approximately 15.400 MWh / year of electricity, with
8.162.000 tonnes per year of CO2 emissions avoided. The
plant benefits from incentives from the Second National
Energy Bill, amounting to € 0,346 per kWh of energy produced.
Description: The “Solar Energy Ragusa 1” project concerns
the construction of a photovoltaic power plant for the production of electricity, from solar energy, to be fed into the
national grid. The total area, originally pasture land, is more
than 25 hectares wide.
Plant’s technical characteristics: This is a grid-connected system of the retrofit type with fixed orientation modules. The angle of tilt is 28° while the azimuth angle is 0°.
The solar absorbers cover an area of approximately 77.800
square meters, with modules of 1,2 x 0,6 m large, with a
single module’s power of 75 Wp and 77,5, for a total capacity of 8,4 MWp. The modules are of the thin-film type, produced by First Solar, Series FS-275 and FS-277, and consist
of a layer of photosensitive material in cadmium telluride
between two protective glass plates. The modules’ support
structure consists of bars of galvanized steel, driven into the
ground without the aid of cements. These serve as support
5
19
“SOLAR ENERGY RESINÉ”
Vittoria (RG) - Italy
Location: Contrada Resiné snc
Owner: Solar Energy Italy 7 Srl
Installation Date: : 3 June 2011 – 22 August 2011
Avoided CO2: 8.374.000 tonnes/year
Description: The “Solar Energy Resiné” project concerns the
construction of a photovoltaic power plant for the production of electricity, from solar energy, to be fed into the national grid.
The total area, originally intended for the cultivation of vegetables, is almost 30 hectares wide.
Plant’s technical characteristics: This is a grid-connected
system of the retrofit type with fixed orientation modules.
The angle of tilt is 15° while the azimuth angle is 0°.
The solar absorbers cover an area of about 88.500 square
meters, with modules of 1,2 x 0,6 m large, with a single module’s power of 77,5 Wp, for a total capacity of 9,52 MWp.
The modules are of the thin-film type, produced by First
Solar, Series FS-275 and FS-277, and consist of a layer of
photosensitive material in cadmium telluride between two
protective glass plates.
The modules’ support structure consists of bars of galvanized
20
6
steel, driven into the ground without the aid of cements.
These serve as support to a galvanized steel structure on
which are fixed aluminium cables on which are fixed, using
specific supports, the photovoltaic modules.
Results obtained: The photovoltaic plant is able to produce approximately 15.800 MWh / year of electricity, with
8.374.000 tonnes per year of CO2 emissions avoided.
The plant benefits from incentives from the Second National
Energy Bill, amounting to € 0,238 per kWh of energy produced.
“ZINCO IBLEA” PROJECT
Ragusa (RG) - Italy
Location: zona industriale IV fase – Viale 3 nr. 5
Owner: Zinco Iblea srl
EPC Contractor: Cappello Energy srl
Installation Date: December 2010
Plant’s annual production: 1.600 MWh/anno
TEP (equivalent tons of oil): 138 tonnes/year
the car park cover an area of about 5.600 m2, with 2.820
modules of 280 Wp MICRON each, 1x1,98 meters large, with
a total capacity of 130,2 kWp, occupying an area of about
920 m2. The modules of the pergolas are inclined at an angle
of 20° and face South, while the modules on the rooftop are
inclined at an angle of 15° and face South-East.
Results obtained: In the first year of activity the 199,8
kWp photovoltaic plant, used for self-consumption (unit 1),
produced about 316 MWh / year of electricity, avoiding the
yearly emission of 205 tonnes of CO2, and allowing the Zinc
Iblea to cover 50% of its energy consumption; while the
789,6 kWp photovoltaic plant, used for the production of
electricity to be fed into the grid (unit 2), produced, in the
same period, 1.327 MWh / year of electricity, avoiding the
yearly emission of 862 tonnes of CO2. The forecast return on
investment is about 6 years, since the plant benefits from
the National Energy Bill’s incentives, amounting to € 0,422
per kWh of energy produced, plus a feed-in tariff averaging
€ 0,08 / kWh.
Contact: Cappello Energy srl
Zona industriale IV fase viale 22 nr. 16 – 97100 Ragusa (RG)
Website: www.cappellogroup.it
Description: The photovoltaic plant of the Zinc Iblea Ltd.
comprises two units: Unit 1 of 199,8 kWp for self-consumption, and Unit 2 of 789,6 kWp for the production of energy
to be fed into the grid. The self-consumption production unit
consists of 69,6 kWp positioned over pergolas located on the
ground next to the Zinc factory (west side); and 130,2 kWp
situated on a rooftop south-east of the Zinc factory. The
pergolas occupy a total area of 1.200 m2 (100 m x 12 m),
while the rooftop area is 1.100 m2 (100 m x 11 m), with a
total area of 2.300 m2. Unit 2, dedicated to the production
of energy for sale, is located in an area north of the Zinc
factory, and it is integrated with the pergolas in the parking
lot, covering a total area of about 10.000 m2.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The project’s goal of total
integration (BIPV) has been achieved by integrating photovoltaic modules into pergolas for both the 69,6 kWp system
and the 130,2 kWp system. The technology used is innovative for Italy since it employs special solar glass panes with a
high level of energy absorption and square, photovoltaic monocrystalline cells that maximize the usable surface area on
the photovoltaic modules. The solar absorber of the pergolas
of Unit 1 cover an area of about 475 m2, with 240 modules
of 290 Wp MICRON each, 1 x 1,98 meters large, with a total
capacity of 69,6 kWp. The solar absorber of the pergolas over
7
21
“EOLI” PROJECT
WIND POWER PLANT
Ragusa (RG) - Italy
Location: Zona Industriale I fase - Ragusa
Owner: Compagnia per l’Energia Rinnovabile srl
Plant’s power: 2 MW
Description: The plant is located in Ragusa’s industrial
park.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The plant consists of
a wind turbine of 2 MW. The nacelle containing the generator is about 80 m above ground, while the fibreglass
blades have a radius of 40 meters.
Results obtained: The plant is able to produce approximately 4.000 MWh / year with a reduction of CO2 emissions of about 2.100 tonnes / year.
22
Contact: C.E.R. srl
via Rovereto, 3 - 20127 Milano
8
“GASP” PROJECT
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE GASES PRODUCED DURING A PROCESS OF CO2 EXTRACTION
Ragusa - Italy
Location: Zona Industriale I fase - Ragusa
Owner: Compagnia per l’Energia Rinnovabile srl
Installation Date: July 2005
Plant’s power: 7 MW
Description: The plant is located in Ragusa’s industrial
park.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The plant consists of:
1) a system of CO2 extraction from the gas generated
during the extraction of oil from the wells still active in
Ragusa;
2) five GAS generators originally constructed by Jenbacher
but adapted to work with the type of waste gases produced in the extraction process.
9
Other related measures of efficiency increase and /
or energy production: The system employed permits to
realize the so-called tri-generation, since, in addition to
producing electricity, the generators also produce hot water that is then used both in the extraction process and
in a district heating installation. In addition, part of is
channelled into an absorption system for the production
of cold water.
Contact: C.E.R. srl
via Rovereto, 3 - 20127 Milano
Results obtained: The plant is capable of producing about
32.000 MWh / year with a 24 hour operation, and of reducing emissions into the atmosphere through a process of
CO 2 retrieval, which is then used in the food industry.
23
POWER PLANT FOR THE RECOVERY OF BIOGAS ENERGY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
TANK SERVICING THE SUB-DISTRICT OF RAGUSA, CHIARAMONTE GULFI, GIARRATANA
AND MONTEROSSO ALMO Ragusa - Italy
Location: Contrada Cava dei Modicani, inside landfill site
Owner: City of Ragusa (Grantor)
Linea Energia s.p.a (Beneficiary)
Installation Date: January – June 2012
Avoided CO2: 2.615.500 tonnes/year
Description: The installation is located within the landfill
site in Contrada Cava Modicani. The plant consists of three
sections:
- A system of collection and transport of biogas: 17 wells for
biogas collection were installed on the already filled tank,
located in the landfill site, where municipal solid waste had
been collected. These wells are connected via HDPE pipelines
to a suction station, which maintains the network slightly depressed in order to facilitate the collection of biogas produced
from the waste inside the tank;
- A system for the recovery of energy: the cogeneration engine
for the production of electrical energy from the biogas is located further down from the suction station on a platform in
reinforced concrete. On the platform is also present a service
area that include a depot, a guard post, a facility for the
storage and topping up of engine oil, an emergency torch, a
system for the post-combustion of the waste gas from the co-
24
10
generation engine, the conversion substation for the electrical
energy produced;
- A system of transmission of the energy produced to the grid:
this consists of a ‘user substation’ and a ‘transmission substation’ for the transmission of the electricity produced to the National Grid, and which are located near the ENEL power line.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The power plant uses a
cogeneration engine and is, therefore, able to produce both
electric energy, up to 0,5 MW, and hot water. The latter is used
in the nearby Leachate Treatment Plant, which services the
waste tank currently used within the landfill site.
Results obtained: The plant is capable of producing up to
3.600 MWh / year of electricity, with 2.615.500 tonnes / year
of CO2 avoided. The power plant total cost was € 1.197.500.
The construction and management of the plant was carried
out by the company line Energia SpA under license from the
City of Ragusa, owner of the site. The former is expected to
pay an annual fee to the municipal administration for the
duration of the concession set in 15 years.
Other related measures of efficiency increase and / or
energy production: The plant’s cogeneration engine also produces of hot water that is used for the pre-heating of the
leachate inside the Leachate Treatment Plant itself, so as to
increase the treatment efficiency and reduce the energy consumption during the treatment process.
Contact: Linea energia s.p.a.
Via XXV Aprile, 18 - 25038 Rovato (BS)
Website: www.linea-energia.it
Regional Province of Agrigento
Introduction: Regional Province of Agrigento
Angela Renzi
The province of Agrigento is mostly hilly, the northern part, however, falls within the territory of the mountain chain of
the Monti Sicani, which has several peaks over 1.000 m high: the Monte delle Rose, located on the border of the provinces
of Agrigento and Palermo ( in the municipalities of Bivona in Agrigento and Palazzo Adriano in Palermo), and the Monte
Cammarata (1.578 m), the highest peak in the province.
The province, located in the central-southern part of Sicily, is divided sharply between the coast and its sandy beaches
and the hinterland, consisting of mainly hilly reliefs, once prodigal sulfur, round knobs and arid land. To the north, in
fact, it meets the Sicani Mountains, east and west are the rivers Salso and Belize, while to the south lies the coast.
The plain, however, lies mainly in the territory of the town of Licata, formerly described as the Champs Geloi for rhodiumCretans. Among Sambuca di Sicilia and Caltabellotta is an enclave in the province of Palermo San Biagio, a fraction of
Bisacquino.
The Province of Agrigento is made up of 43 municipalities, one of the nine provinces of Sicily and is located to the south
west, it has a population of 453.416 in an area of 3.042 km2, with a population density of 149,05 inhabitants per km2.
To the south there is the Strait of Sicily and to the east lies the province of Caltanissetta, the province of Trapani to the
west and the province of Palermo to the north. (Geographical coordinates: 37 ° 19’18 “N 13 ° 35’22” E).
The average temperatures range between 11 ° and 26,3 ° with an average annual temperature of approximately of 18 °
and with a number of degree days between 568 and 1.949. The average annual rainfall is between 400 and 700 mm.
Energy framework
Regional Province of Agrigento - Italy
Gaseous fuels
With regard to consumption in 2010 are:
Industrial sector total 885,9 million cubic meters - The province of Siracusa has the highest consumption with 558,5 million
cubic meters, the consumption of natural gas for the province of Agrigento is 3,9 million cubic meters. The thermoelectric
sector totals 2.781 million cubic meters - The province of Siracusa has the highest consumption with 1.548,3 billion cubic
meters and the province of Agrigento does not consume natural gas in power generation. Transport sector totals 675,8 million
cubic meters of which the province of Catania has the highest consumption of 151,3 million cubic meters, the consumption of
natural gas for the province of Agrigento amounts to 60,8 million cubic meters and the automotive sector totals 13,5 million
cubic meters. The province of Catania has the highest consumption by 4,8 million cubic meters, the province of Agrigento does
not consume natural gas for vehicles.
26
Sale of diesel, LPG and lubricants in Sicily
The sale of diesel in Sicily in 2010 amounted to 1.637.337 tonnes. Among the provinces in Sicily, Catania was the one with the
highest consumption, 120.822 tons were sold in the province of Agrigento a percentage of 7,38%.
The sale of LPG in Sicily, in 2010, amounted to 249.650 tonnes. Among the provinces in Sicily, Catania was the one with the
highest consumption, 9.638 metric tons were sold in the province of Agrigento, a percentage of 3,86%.
The sale of lubricants in Sicily in 2010, amounted to 14.428 tonnes. Among the provinces in Sicily, Catania was the one with
the highest consumption and 1.123 metric tons were sold in the province of Agrigento, with a percentage of 7,78%.
Sale of fuel oil for thermoelectricity and other uses
The sale of fuel oil to electricity and other uses has been greatly reduced from 2007 to 2010 falling from 1.369.000 tons in 2007
to 234.000 tonnes in 2010. The province of Messina has the largest consumption in relation to the production of electricity at
St. Filippo del Mela. In the province of Agrigento there is no consumption of fuel oil for thermoelectricity.
Electric energy
In all the provinces of Sicily the cable used is 220 kV grid while the provinces of Catania, Messina, Siracusa, Ragusa and Enna
are affected by the 380 kV grid. In 2010 in Sicily, the net energy production was 24.308,5 GWh which reflects a request of
21.980 GWh, with a net output of 710 GWh.
In 2010, the province of Agrigento consumed 2.556 kWh of electricity per capita for a total of 1.162,0 GWh divided as follows:
Agriculture - The province of Agrigento has a power consumption equal to 24,7 KWh.
Industry - The province of Siracusa has the highest consumption GWh by 2.653, the province of Agrigento consumes electricity
equal to 222,8 GWh.
Tertiary - The province of Palermo has the highest consumption with 1.357,0 GWh, the province of Agrigento consumes electricity equal to 405,7 GWh.
Home - The province of Palermo has the highest consumption with 1.565,5 GWh, the province of Agrigento consumes electricity
equal to 508,8 GWh.
Cost of electricity
In 2010, the Italyn Power Exchange reported an average purchase price of energy equal to € 62,12 / MWh. The trend changes
on an annual basis shows that the largest increases, although relatively low, were recorded in the macro-zone of North Italy
(+ 1,9) and Sicily (+ 1,8). The average national tariff to cover the cost of transmission, distribution and metering for the year
2011 amounted to 0,6% equivalent to € 2,267 cents kWh. On 1 October 2011, the price of electricity for a domestic consumer
resident, with an annual consumption of 2.700 kWh and 3 KW of power is equal to 16,49 cents € / kWh inclusive of all taxes.
Renewable Province of Agrigento
The distribution of per capita output of photovoltaic systems in Sicily is in thirteenth place, below the national average with
a value equal to 0,098 kW / inhabitant. With respect to its size, Sicily ranks eleventh place with 19,3 MW / sq km, below the
national average. The numbers and sizes of plants in Sicily from the national total in 2011 is equal to 5,66%, while the power
plant in Sicily in 2011 is equal to 5,90%. In the distribution of the number of photovoltaic plants in Sicily on 30/06/2011, the
province of Agrigento is placed in 6th place with a percentage equal to 0,63% out of the total regional percentage of 5,66%.
Compared to the power of the photovoltaic systems installed in Sicily, on 30/06/2011, the province of Agrigento ranks in 3rd
place with a rate equal to 0,96% of the total regional 5,90%.
Biomass (plant in operation 31.12.2011)
Currently Sicily accounts for 2% of the national usage and comes in thirteenth place with 150,2 GWh. In the last decade,Italy’s
total production increased by 410%. At the same time government incentives in compliance with its European Directive
2009/28/EC with the obligation to feed in an amount of 3,5% biofuel injected into the network in 2009.
Number of plants 7-Total power 51 MWp
Wind (plant in operation 31.12.2011)
Number of plants 5 - Total power 697 MWp
In 2010 in Sicily it was estimated that the energy production from renewable sources amounted to 2.593,9 GWh produced
mainly wind amounted to 2.203,0 GWh. In 2010, the Puglia holds the record with 134 plants representing 23,5%, followed by
Sicily with 62 plants representing 23,4%. The Province of Agrigento is in 3rd place in Sicily. With regard to the power plant in
Sicily, in 2010, is in 1st place with 1.436,6 MWp of 24,7% compared to the national average, and the Province of Agrigento is
in 4th place with a total capacity of 134,9 MWp and a percentage of 3,4% compared to the regional average of 24,7%.
Water supply and hydropower
Currently in the Province of Agrigento is a production of energy from water supply and hydropower 0,1% compared to domestic
production, compared with a regional rate of 0,8%.
Geothermal
Currently in the Province of Agrigento is not produced from geothermal energy, but they are allowed to be some research of
geothermal resources by the Region of Sicily.
The production data of plants and CO2 were provided directly by the owners themselves.
Photovoltaic (plant in operation 31.12.2011)
Up to 20 kWp plant number 2.122 - 15,1 MWp total power
From 20 kWp to 50 kWp plant number 57 - 2,4 MWp total power
Above 50 kWp number of plants 194 - 131,6 MWp total power
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1
5
Lucca Sicula
“CONCENTRATOR SAN BENEDETTO”
Contrada San Benedetto – Favara (AG)
- Italy
Cammarata
8
2
3
“BATIA SAN FRANCESCO”
Naro (AG) - Italy
Calamonaci
3
Cattolica Eraclea
9
“CALAMONACI”
Calamonaci (AG) - Italy
10
4
28
Siculiana
1
7
Agrigento
“LICATA”
Licata (AG) - Italy
5
“LUCCA SICULA”
Lucca Sicula (AG) - Italy
Favara
6
“WIND FARM MONTE PETRASI”
Naro (AG) - Italy
7
“WIND DEVICES SAN BENEDETTO”
Favara (AG) - Italy
8
POWER PLANT FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY’S
PRODUCTION (WAVE POWER) LOCATED IN “COZZO
INTRONATA”, “ROCCA ROSSA” AND “PORTELLA
CRETA”, MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS OF LERCARA FRIDDI
(PA), CASTRONOVO DI SICILIA (PA), CAMMARATA
(AG), VALLELUNGA PRATAMENO (CL) - Italy
POWER PLANT FOR ALTERNATIVE
ENERGY - WIND POWER - LOCATED IN
C/DA DELL’ALVANO ED AQUILEA”,
Cattolica Eraclea (AG), S. Angelo Muxaro
(AG) e Agrigento - Italy
6
10
2
Na
Naro
4
Licata
“LANDFILL AND ENERGY RECOVERY
PLANT SICULIANA”
Siculiana (AG) - Italy
9
29
“CONCENTRATOR SAN BENEDETTO”
Contrada San Benedetto – Agrigento (AG) - Italy
Location: Contrada San Benedetto – Agrigento (AG)
Owner: G.Campione & C. s.n.c.
Installation Date: 2012
Plant’s power: 18.2 MWp
Plant’s annual profit (kWh/anno): considering the estimated
energy for the first year, 33,7 MWh, and the lost of annual
efficiency, 0,90%, the following considerations are valid for the
lifetime of the system equal to 20 years.
Avoided CO2:14,23 tonnes/anno
1
Description: The plant is located on the private
G.Campione & C. s.n.c.’s areas - identified in the cadastral register in Favara municipal district on the particles
number 101, 102, 100, 93, and 106 on the paper n 10.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The solar concentration’s plant consists of two “Butterflies” with trackers
for solar tracking, the first has a power of 10,92 kW the
second has a power of 7,28kW. This model is grid-connected, the kind of connection is: three-phase low voltage.
Its power is 18,2 MW with an annual production of 33,7
MWh (equivalent to 1.853,05 kWh/kW), it’s made by 40
panels which occupy an area of 71,84 m 2, and it’s made
by 2 generators.
Results obtained: Plant’s annual production is 33,7
Contact: Massimo Campione - G. Campione & C. snc
Telephone number: +39 0922 401500 - 329 2454640
Fax +39 0922 595888
Website: www.campioneindustries.com
MWh.
31
“BATIA SAN FRANCESCO”
Naro (AG) - Italy
Location: Contrada Batia San Francesco
Owner: Energie Innovative S.R.L.
Installation Date:
1st section: November 2011 power 4,57 MWp
2nd section: January 2012 power 2,46 MWp
3rd section: March 2012 power 0,81 MWp
Plant’s annual production: circa 12.000 MWh/year
Description: Photovoltaic plant denominated ”Batia San
Francesco” is located in the south area of Naro municipal district (AG) in Contrada “Batia”, between “Piana di Cignana”
in the east and “Monte Narbone” in the west, on the northern side of the highway S.S.115 “Sud-occidentale sicula”.
It is 8 km far from the coast. The business property is 20 Ha
and the solar panel takes up 1/2 of this area.
Plant’s technical characteristics: 3 sections on steel support structures fixed to the ground.
SECTION 1, power 4,57 MWp, consists of 11.740 solar panels,
SECTION 2, power 2,46 MWp, consists of 6.320 solar panels,
SECTION 3, power 0,81 MWp, consists of 2.084 solar panels.
Solar panels are made by amorphous (thin film).
They have an high efficiency and are branded by Moncada
Solar Equipment with a singular power of 390 Wp. Each panel is rectangular and its dimensions are 2,20 x 2,60 meters.
4 panels, put near each other on the longer side, form a
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2
string. Every four string they are connected to one another
in parallel into a distribution board (booster).
The conversion from CC to CA is operated by 31 three-phase
inverters of 250 kW branded by EEI Mod. 8YF250QNAF01
and displaced in every section. Each section has an MT/BT
transformer of 900 kVA (total number: 11) to raise voltage
from BT - 380V three-phase to MT 30 kV, typical of Enpower
Srl network. All the energy we get to the net, except the
lost energy due to transformation, is sold to Alpiq Energia
Italy SpA.
Results obtained: The photovoltaic plant can make energy
for 12.000 MWh/year, avoiding CO2 emissions for 8.500 tonnes/year. The overall cost was 22.000.000 Euros. The plant
is included in the “4 conto energia” and the profit is of
3.300.000 Euros/year between incentives and energy sales.
Payback time will be about 6,6 year.
Fax +39 0922 595888
“CALAMONACI”
Calamonaci (AG) - Italy
Location: c/da Canalicchio
Owner: Sol.In.Build. s.r.l.
Installation Date: 17/12/2010
trical substation and from here, by an MT electric line, to a
delivery cabin, where all the energy will be measured and
feed into the MT 20 kV electric line MT. The plant can be
monitored and controlled from both the control room and
remotely.
Results obtained: The photovoltaic plant can produce
energy for 4.900 MWh/year, avoiding CO2 emissions for
2.500 tonnes/year in the atmosphere.
The overall cost was 9.635.000 Euros. The plant is included
in the 2nd Energy Billand and it has a profit of 1.700.000
Euros/year between incentives and sales.
The time for an economic return for this investment is estimated in about 6,6 years.
Contact: Sol.In.Build. s.r.l.
Telephone number: +39 091 7829785; +39 045 8031048
Description: The photovoltaic plant, named Calamonaci,
is located in c.da Canalicchio, municipal district of Calamonaci, 2,5 km far from the highway SS 386, along a road
from Calamonaci to Lucca Sicula. The plant occupies an
area of 54.600 m2.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The photovoltaic plant
is divided into 6 subfields.
There are 6 DC/AC inverter branded by Santerno, 4 of these
have a unit power of Pn = 467 kWAC and 2 have a unit
power of Pn = 372,5 kWAC.
The panels are branded by Sunpower, have a power of 225
Wp, and they are 13.228. The panels are on support fixed
south-facing structures and they have an inclination angle
of 20° as to the horizontal plane.
The inverters are located in 3 electrical substations, where
there are also the MT/bt transformer.
Some MT cables start from here, which end up in an elec-
3
33
“LICATA”
Licata (AG) - Italy
Location: c/da Piano Lettiga
Owner: Sol.In.Build. s.r.l.
Plant’s annual production: 5.200 MWh
Avoided CO2:2.700 tonnes/year
Description: The photovoltaic plant named Licata is located in c.da Piano Lettiga, in Licata municipal district, 10
km far from the highway 115 along the roads SP 7 and SP
72; the plant occupies an area of 58.900 m2.
is divided into 6 subfields. There are 6 DC/AC inverters,
branded by Santerno, with a unit power of Pn = 467 kWAC.
The panels, branded by Sunpower, have a power of 305
Wp, are totally 10.476, are on support fixed south-facing
structures and have an inclination angle of 20° as to the
horizontal plane.
The inverters are located in 3 electrical substation, where
there are also the MT/bt transformers. Some MT cables start
from here, which end up in an electrical substation and
from here, by an MT electric line, to a delivery cabin, where
all the energy will be measured and feed into the MT 20 kV
34
4
electric line.
The plant can be monitored and controlled from both the
control room and remotely.
Results obtained: The photovoltaic plant can produce energy for 5.200 MWh/year, avoiding CO2 emissions for 2.700
tonnes/year. The overall cost was 10.264.000 Euros.
The plant is included in the 2nd Energy Billand and has a
profit of euro 1.800.000/year between incentives and sales.
The time for an economic return for the investment is estimated in about 6,6 year.
Contact: Sol.In.Build. s.r.l.
Telephone number: +39 091 7829785; +39 045 8031048
“LUCCA SICULA”
Lucca Sicula (AG) - Italy
Location: c/da Cannatello
Owner: Sol.In.Luc. s.r.l.
Avoided CO2: 850 tonnes/anno
is divided into 2 subfields. We have 2 DC/AC inverters branded by Answer Drives, with a unitary power of Pn = 477
kWAC; the panels branded by Trina power 225 Wp, are totally 4.326.
They are placed on support south-facing structures made by
steel with an inclination angle of 30° as to the horizontal
plane.
The inverters are located in 1 substation, where there is
also the MT/bt transformer. MT Cables start from here to the
machine delivery, where all the produced energy is measured and fed into the MT 20 kV grid.
The panel can be monitored and controlled from both the
control room and remotely.
Results obtained: The photovoltaic plant can produce
energy power for 1.570 MWh/year, avoiding CO2 emissions
in the atmosphere for 850 tonnes/year. The overall cost
was 2.110.000 Euros. The plant is included in the 4th Energy Billand and it has a profit of 400.000 €/year between
incentives and sales. The time for an economic return for
this investment is estimated in about 6,6 years.
Contact: Sol.In.Luc. s.r.l.
Description: This photovoltaic plant named Lucca Sicula
is based in c.da Cannatello, 5 km far from the S.S. 386
(‘State street’ 386) near the road Salina-Cianciana; this
plant occupies an area of 25.000 m2.
5
35
“WIND FARM MONTE PETRASI”
WIND FARM
Naro (AG) - Italy
Location: contrada Altopiano Petrasi (AG)
Owner: Wind Power Sud
Installation Date: end of this work and management
still in progress
Plant’s power: 42 Mw
Avoided CO2: 50.000 tonnes/anno
Description: This wind farm is located in contrada Altopiano Petrasi.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The wind farm consists
of 42 wind turbines, each of them with a power of 1 MW.
Results obtained: The plant’s annual production is 63.000
MWh. It can produce energy for 25.000 families every day,
and the CO 2 emissions spared in the atmosphere amount
to 50.000 tonnes/year.
The overall cost was 33.814.287,24 Euros.
36
Fax +39 0922 595888
6
“WIND DEVICES SAN BENEDETTO”
WIND POWER PLAN
Favara (AG) - Italy
7
Location: contrada San Benedetto
Owner: G.Campione & C. s.n.c.
Installation Date: 2012
Plant’s power: 20kw
Description: The project’s site is located in “Contrada San
Benedetto”, Favara municipal district (AG). The reference
map is given in section no 636080 – “Favara” of Sicily’s
“Carta Tecnica Regionale” in scale 1:10.000 (2nd table).
Fax +39 0922 595888
Plant’s technical characteristics: This plant is classified
as mini wind, the model is grid-connected and the connection mode is “single phase low voltage”.
Plant’s power, operating as “New Buildings”, is 20 kW and
plant’s annual production is 20 MWh.
It is generated from two small wind turbines with horizontal axis, which occupy an area of 11,52 m2.
37
POWER PLANT FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY’S PRODUCTION (WAVE POWER) LOCATED IN “COZZO
INTRONATA”, “ROCCA ROSSA” AND “PORTELLA CRETA”, MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS OF LERCARA
FRIDDI (PA), CASTRONOVO DI SICILIA (PA), CAMMARATA (AG), VALLELUNGA PRATAMENO (CL)
Castronovo di Sicilia (PA), Cammarata (AG) e Vallelunga Pratameno (CL) - Italy
Location: Municipal districts of Castronovo di Sicilia (PA),
Cammarata (AG) e Vallelunga Pratameno (CL)
Owner: Aero – Rossa srl
Installation Date: anno 2011
Plant’s power: 90,00 MW
Plant’s annual net profit: 163,8 GWh
Plant’s annual gross profit: 180,90 GWh
Description: This wind farm is located in C/da Le Coste
with a series of rods anchored at buried concrete blocks.
and in the resort “Cristaredda” Castronovo di Sicilia (PA)
The delivery point for the energy, produced by this wind
municipal district, in the resorts “Pietre Cadute”, “Rocca
turbine, to the National network is located in a substation
Rossa”, “Pizzo di Don Salvatore” and “Portella Creta”,
below the power line “150 kV S.ne Caltanissetta – CP Ca-
Cammarata municipal district (AG) and in C/Da “Regalmi-
stronovo” in Cammarata municipal district.
ci” and in C/da “Garcia”, Vallelunga Pratameno municipal
Results obtained: Plant’s annual net profit is 163,8 GWh,
district (CL).
and the spared emissions of CO 2 is 140.000 tonnes/year.
This plant is exactly located in the east side of Castronovo
di Sicilia municipal district and on the right side of the
highway SS 189 from Agrigento to Palermo.
If we measure the area of each wind turbine, the plant
takes up an area of 34.560 m 2.
Plant’s technical characteristics: This wind farm has 45
turbines, each of these has a power of 2.000 kW, and 4
anemometer towers to acquire wind data automatically.
Anemometer towers have a braced metal tubular structure
38
8
Contact: Aero - Rossa _ Alpiq
Website: www.alpiq.it
POWER PLANT FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
WIND POWER
c/da dell’Alvano ed Aquilea Cattolica Eraclea (AG), S. Angelo Muxaro (AG) e Agrigento - Italy
9
Description: This wind farm is located in C/da “Dell’Alvano
- Expertise’s area of the “Società Terna”;
ed Aquilea” - Cattolica Eraclea (AG), S. Angelo Muxaro (AG),
- Expertise’s area of the “Enpower 3”;
and Agrigento municipal districts. This plant is exactly loca-
The plant doesn’t require much staff for a constant observa-
ted on the north side of the highway 115 “Sud Occidentale
tion and management of it; the main staff’s functions are:
Sicula”. If we measure the surface of each wind turbine, this
- surveillance service;
plant takes up an area of 3.380 m2.
- plant’s management following established procedures and
Plant’s technical characteristics: The wind farm has 20
checklists and checkup to assure the efficiency and the regu-
turbines, each of these has a power of 2.000 kW and an
larity for a correct working;
anemometer tower to acquire wind data automatically; ane-
- preventive and ordinary maintenance following established
mometer towers have a braced metal tubular structure with a
procedures;
series of rods anchored at buried concrete blocks.
- reporting operating anomalies with requests for repair and/
This plant is located in Cattolica Eraclea municipal district.
or extraordinary maintenance from outside specialized and
It is made by a vast flat area, properly fenced, where the-
authorized firms by machines and equipment’s producers;
re are the equipment and technological place we need for
- recurring reports about plant’s working and its produced
the process of transformation, save control, automation and
energy;
control.
Results obtained: Plant’s annual net profit is 79,445 GWh,
The delivery point of the energy is divided into two zone:
and the spared emissions of CO2 68.322 tonnes/year.
Contact: Enpower 3_ Alpiq
Website: www.alpiq.it
Location: Municipal districts of Cattolica Eraclea (AG),
S. Angelo Muxaro (AG), Agrigento
Owner: Enpower 3 srl
Installation Date: year 2010
Plant’s power: 40,00 MW
Plant’s annual net profit: 79,445 GWh
Plant’s annual gross profit: 90,171 GWh
39
“LANDFILL AND ENERGY RECOVERY PLANT SICULIANA”
Siculiana (AG) - Italy
Location: Landfill for undangerous waste in
C.da Materano Siculiana (AG)
Owner: Catanzaro Costruzioni srl
Avoided CO2: 60.000 tonnes/anno
Description: This plant for energy recovery, powered by
qualification and it takes advantage of the “all-inclusive
landfill gas, is located inside the landfill for undangerous
tariff”.
waste in Siculiana municipal district (AG).
Other related measures of efficiency increase and /
Plant’s technical characteristics: The thermoelectric
or energy production: It regenerates its heat by cooling
plant consists of one generator powered by landfill gas,
the circuits of the engine. It assumes the heat to feed a
that has a power of 999 kW.
vacuum evaporator used for leach ate treatment plant.
The plant could be monitored both from control room and
remotely.
A dialer is also installed, and it manages and reports automatically every alarm to 3 available operators 24h a
day.
Results obtained: The plant is able to produce 7.500
MWh/year of energy, avoiding the emissions of gases in
the atmosphere for 60.000 tonnes/year of CO 2.
The overall cost was 1.400.000 €. The plant got the IAFR
40
10
Contact: Catanzaro Costruzioni srl
Website: www.catanzarocostruzioni.com
Malta
Introduction to Maltese Energy Settings
Manfred Weissenbacher
Malta, a former British colony that gained independence in 1964 and joined the European Union in 2004, has a population
of 410.000 people on a territory of just 316 km2, making it one of the ten most densely populated nations in the world. The
Maltese archipelago is situated some 90 km south of Sicily, nearly 300 km east of Tunis, and about 350 km north of Libya.
(Geographic coordinates: 35º 50’N, 14º 35’E.) It consists of two main islands, Malta and Gozo, the small island of Comino,
and the uninhabited islet of Filfla. The islands’ terrain is mostly low, with a distinctly hilly topography, reaching a maximum
elevation of 230 meters above sea level.
Malta is entirely dependent on imported fuels for its energy needs. There are two power stations with a nominal electricity
generation capacity of 571 MW that fire heavy fuel oil (86 percent) and gas oil (14 percent). The older power station, Marsa,
accounts for 267 MW and is overdue for shutdown as it is heavily polluting. The other power station, Delimara, is receiving a
144 MW extension. A 200 MW HVAC (220 kV) submarine cable to Sicily is now said to be completed by the end of 2013 to connect the currently isolated Maltese grid to the European grid. Electricity production was 2,17 TWh in 2011, up from 2,11 TWh in
2010, with a peak load around 410 MW occurring on hot summer days. Electricity tariffs vary according to consumption levels,
with residential rates ranging from 16,1 cents/kWh to 70,0 cents/kWh (inclusive 5 percent VAT), and nonresidential daytime
rates ranging from 14,6 cents/kWh (very large customers) to 21,7 cents/kWh (exclusive VAT).
As Malta was the only EU member country with a zero percent renewable energy share in 2005, the European Commission committed Malta to achieve a 10 percent renewable energy share of gross final energy consumption by 2020, substantially below
the overall European goal of 20 percent. However, even this target is challenging due to the high population density. Wind
turbines close to urban settings are often opposed (in fact, there is not a single large wind turbine operating in Malta), and a
nation that largely relies on imports for its food security will hardly set land aside for biofuels production. (The use of biofuels
in the Maltese transport sector is thus based on imports.) The waters around Malta quickly deepen beyond the depth suitable
for conventional offshore wind technology, though a reef has been identified that could potentially carry a 95 MW wind park.
The government in turn made offshore wind the cornerstone of its renewable energy plan (Table 1), but this wind park is still
in the planning stage. Meanwhile, photovoltaics (PV) gained momentum, and 6,6 MWp of total PV capacity had been installed
in Malta by the start of 2012. The drivers behind the increase in installed PV systems in Malta in recent years include falling PV
system prices; grant schemes providing 50 percent of the eligible expenditure up to a maximum of €3.000; and modest feed-in
tariffs of 25 cents/kWh (Gozo: 28 cents/kWh) up to 4.800 kWh/year for households, guaranteed for 8 years, and 20 cents/kWh
up to 160.000 kWh/year for commercial premises, guaranteed for 7 years. Notably, Malta enjoys a mean global horizontal solar
radiation of ca. 5 kWh/m²/day.
Renewable Energy Option
Offshore wind
Biofuels
Energy from waste – Electricity
Solar PV
Onshore wind
Solar Water Heating
Energy from waste – Heat
TOTAL:
%
3,48
2,40
2,18
0,69
0,61
0,52
0,32
10,20
GWh/year
216
149
135
43
38
32
20
634
Malta
Table 1: The contribution of different renewable energy options to 2020 gross final energy consumption according to Malta’s National Renewable Energy Action Plan submitted in June 2010 and resubmitted in May 2011.
42
The renewable energy systems information presented in this renewable energy atlas has been provided by the owners of the renewable energy installations or their consultants. The figures received have been evaluated for their accuracy as far as possible,
but without verifying them fully and independently.
To calculate “CO2 emissions avoided” for the assessment of renewable energy installations the following considerations have
been taken into account. In 2011 an average of 0,8907 kg of carbon dioxide have been emitted per kWh of electricity produced
at Malta’s two power stations that consumed 5,7 percent of the total electricity produced, while 4,6 percent of the electricity
actually sent out was lost during transmission and distribution before reaching consumers (Figures provided by MRA/Enemalta).
Thus, for each unit of electricity used by consumers (1/0,954 x 1/0,943 =) 1,112 units of electricity need to be produced at the
power stations, and (0,8907 x 1,112 =) 0,990 kg of carbon dioxide emissions are avoided per kWh of fossil electricity consumption avoided or replaced at the consumer end. To be sure, when renewable electricity produced by photovoltaic systems, for
instance, is being fed into the grid for consumption elsewhere, there would also be distribution losses. However, the Maltese
examples of renewable electricity installations in this atlas are primarily producing for consumption at the premises where those
installations are located.
Malta
In terms of renewable thermal energy, the assumed fossil alternative to produce the same amount of thermal energy would
determine the amount of “CO2 emissions avoided”. An immersion water heater operating at 93 percent efficiency based on
electrical resistance would ultimately generate (0,990 / 0,93 =) 1,065 kg of carbon dioxide at the power stations per kWh of
thermal energy produced at the point of usage in Malta, though the overall system efficiency of typical electric water heaters
used in households would be substantially lower. Meanwhile a boiler of 80 percent efficiency would per kWh of thermal energy
produced generate 0,284 kg of carbon dioxide when fired with LPG, and 0,333 kg of carbon dioxide when diesel is used (based
on IPCC figures). To apply a common standard, the latter alternative, i.e. 0,333 kg of CO2 avoided per kWh of renewable thermal
energy produced, has been assumed for the Maltese installations in this atlas.
43
1
SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT
HOTEL FORTINA & FORTINA SPA
RESORT
Tigne Seafront Sliema - Malta
2
7
Ta’ Qali
6
“DISTRIBUTED CHP GENERATION
FROM SMALL SIZE CONCENTRATED
SOLAR POWER” (DIGESPO) AT ARROW
PHARM LTD.
Ħal-Far Industrial Estate, Birżebbuġa Malta
3
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS SYSTEM AT
MICHAEL DEBONO LTD.,
TOYOTA SHOWROOM
Michael Debono Ltd. Toyota Showroom,
Żebbuġ - Malta
4
TITAN INTERNATIONAL LTD.
Titan International Ltd., Msida - Malta
Malta
5
44
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS SYSTEM AT THE
MINISTRY FOR RESOURCES AND RURAL
AFFAIRS (MRRA)
Floriana - Malta
3
Żebbuġ
6
10 Sliema
1
Msida
4
5
NECTAR GROUP OF COMPANIES
Industrial Zone, Ta’ Qali - Malta
7
Floriana
CONCENTRATED SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAICS SYSTEM AT BOV
ADVENTURE PARK, TA’QALI
BOV Adventure Park, Ta’Qali - Malta
8
Marsa
Marsaskala
9
GEOTHERMAL
BAXTER LTD.
Marsa - Malta
ENERGY
SYSTEM
AT
9
SANT’ANTNIN WASTE TREATMENT
PLANT AT WASTESERV MALTA LTD.
Marsaskala - Malta
2
Birzebbuġa
10
SEA-WATER AIR-CONDITIONING
SYSTEM AT FORT CAMBRIDGE
DEVELOPMENT RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX
Fort Cambridge Development Residential
Complex, Tigne, Sliema - Malta
Malta
8
45
SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT HOTEL FORTINA & FORTINA SPA
RESORT
Tigne Seafront Sliema - Malta
Location: Hotel Fortina, Tigne Seafront, Sliema
Owner: Hotel Fortina
(50% grant by ERDF Funds, Malta Enterprise)
Installation Date: June 2010
Solar Collectors Type: Vacuum Tube
Number of Solar Panels: 103
Annual Thermal Energy Captured: ca. 376 MWh per year
Avoided CO2: 125 tonnes/year
exchanger that warms water being used in the hotel. One pump
powers the primary circuit (2 litres/sec), the other powers the
domestic water flow that reaches the heat exchanger at a rate
of 4 litres/sec.
Results obtained: Management estimates that the energy bill
was about 45.500 Euros per year higher before the solar thermal system was installed. The actual CO2 emissions (and costs)
avoided need to take into account the energy consumptions
by pumps, for instance, and depend on the efficiency of the
existing calorifiers. With the hotel’s diesel boilers being stated
to be just 60 percent efficient, the reduced CO2 emissions are
significant. The “CO2 avoided” figure above refers to a comparison of the initially captured heat to the production of the
same thermal energy by means of a diesel boiler of 80 percent
efficiency.
Other connected Energy Efficiency measures and/or Energy
Production: Energy-efficient LED lamps are used widely throughout the hotel complex.
Contact: Fortina Spa Resort & Hotel Fortina
Tigne Seafront, Sliema, SLM 3012. Malta
Telephone Number: +356 2346 2346
Website: www.fortelgroup.com
Malta
Description: The installation is located on the roof of a hotel
with indoor and outdoor pools. The Solar Water Heating system
provides hot water for the hotel and its facilities.
Plant’s technical characteristics: This installation might be the
largest solar thermal system in Malta. It consists of 103 panels,
each containing 30 vacuum tubes. The single panels measure 4,5
m2, with an aperture area of 3,93 m2, adding up to a total panel
area of 463,5 m2. All panels are installed at a tilt angle of 35
degrees. The fluid heated in the panels transfers its energy via
heat exchangers to the water that is actually being used.
The total system is divided into two parts. One consists of 73
panels located on the main roof that are coupled to a 3.000-litre primary buffer tank, from where the heated liquid reaches
two plate heat exchangers: one supplying a 2.000-litre horizontal calorifier on the roof, the other supplying various horizontal
5.000-litre calorifiers in the basement. This part of the system
employs two pumps, one for the collector circuit (6 litres/sec),
and the other for both heat exchanger circuits (12 litres/sec).
The second part of the systems features another 30 panels located somewhat higher on a tower roof and coupled to a 300-litre
vertical calorifier that operates in drain back mode, i.e. the
solar panels drain themselves each time the pump is switched
off. From this calorifier the heated liquid reaches a plate heat
1
47
“DISTRIBUTED CHP GENERATION FROM SMALL SIZE CONCENTRATED
SOLAR POWER” (DIGESPO) AT ARROW PHARM LTD.
Ħal-Far Industrial Estate, Birżebbuġa - Malta
Location: Arrow Pharm Ltd., Ħal-Far, Malta
Proprietario: DiGeSPo Consortium (EU-funded FP7 Project ENERGY-2009-1)
Expected Total Completion Date: April 2013
Plant Electrical Power: 2 kWp (estimate)
Plant Thermal Power: 6 kWp (estimate)
Cogeneration:
Annual Electricity Output: 3.000 kWh/yr (estimate)
Annual Thermal Energy (Heat) Output : 9.000 kWh/yr (estimate)
N.B.: Heat output here is water at 45 - 50 °C for sanitary use or space
heating, but without cooling option.
(Annual Steam Production [no electricity]: 7.000 kWh/yr)
CO2 emissions avoided: 5,97 t/year (estimate for cogeneration)
Malta
Description: This R&D installation is located on the roof of
a pharmaceuticals production company (Arrowpharm (Malta)
Ltd., which is part of Watson Group, www.watson.com).
Plant’s technical characteristics: This modular micro Combined
Heat and Power (m-CHP) installation consists of a small-scale
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) system and a Stirling engine. The
plant features a series of parabolic troughs that concentrate solar
radiation onto an evacuated tube containing a thermal fluid that
reaches temperatures of 250-350°C. A Stirling engine that is not
yet operational will in turn utilize this energy to co-generate heat
and electricity that can typically be used for single and multiple domestic dwellings or small commercial or industrial establishments.
The system comprises several innovative elements, including:
- small scale concentrator optics with moving and tracking
components using a special flexible glass as reflectant
- specially developed CERMET absorber coatings in the glass
solar tube absorbers
- specially developed heat transfer fluids
- a newly-developed Stirling Engine (with a generator) that
works at low temperatures
- innovative regenerators based on Selective Laser Melting
Results obtained: Though the sterling engine has not yet been
installed, the system has been operational since the 25th July
48
2
2012, and data is being logged and processed, while the system
is being improved. The currently measured steam output translates into 7.000 kWh/yr, while 12.800 kWh/yr were expected.
The ultimate efficency goals are as follows:
- thermal efficiency of ca. 70% (thermal fluid vs. direct solar
radiation)
- energy efficiency of 55-60% (thermal & electricity output vs.
direct solar radiation)
- electrcicity generation efficiency of 20 % (electricity output
vs. direct solar radiation)
The DIGESPO project (www.digespo.eu) is a transnational research effort, part-funded by the European Commission’s 7th
Framework Programme, involving seven principal partners from
five European countries.
Contact: DIGESPO Consortium
Website: www.digespo.eu
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS SYSTEM AT MICHAEL DEBONO LTD.,
TOYOTA SHOWROOM
Michael Debono Ltd. Toyota Showroom, Żebbuġ - Malta
Location: Michael Debono Ltd. Toyota Showroom,
Mdina Road, Żebbuġ, Malta
Owner: Michael Debono Ltd.
Plant Electrical Power: 90,72 kWp
Annual Electricity Output: 150.799 kWh/year
CO2 emissions avoided: 149,3 tonnes/year
Hot water is supplied from solar water heaters. Rain water
is collected in an underground reservoir and used in the car
valeting division.
The recently completed body repair centre also includes insulated panels and ridge ventilation to enhance temperature
control while using LPG to fire up its paint ovens instead
of using diesel or electricity. The latest paint technology is
employed to minimize the drying time and hence the power
consumption.
Contact: Michael Debono Ltd.
Toyota Showroom, Mdina Road, Żebbuġ ZBG 9017. Malta
Website: www.toyota.com.mt
Malta
Description: This photovoltaic system is located on the roof
of a building that hosts offices as well as a car service and
a spare parts area, with a new automobile showroom of 400
m2 attached to it.
This new showroom building features double glazing and
insulated roofing to minimize energy requirements in both
summer and winter, but the electricity consumption is still
substantial due to air conditioning needs. The photovoltaic
system delivers electricity to serve the electricity demand in
the building.
432 polycrystalline silicon panels, each rated at 210 Wp,
and all mounted at a tilt angle 30 degrees facing south.
The occupied rooftop area is 800 m 2, while the panel surface are as such is 638 m2.
Results obtained: At a production rate of 150.799 kWh per
year, the system covers about 40 percent of the total Toyota
Showroom electrical needs and reduces the yearly electricity
bill by over 30.000 Euros.
Other connected Energy Efficiency measures and/or
Energy Production: The new showroom and office design
maximizes the use of natural lighting, and the air-conditioning systems are fitted with modern eco-control technology.
3
49
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS SYSTEM AT TITAN INTERNATIONAL LTD.
Titan International Ltd., Msida - Malta
Location: Titan International Ltd., Msida
Owner: Titan International Ltd.
Installation Date: September 2008
Description: This solar photovoltaics system is installed on
the roof of the Titan International Ltd. premises, providing
electricity for the company for lighting purposes and to run
equipment.
nine arrays occupying 206 m 2 of inclined rooftop space.
Each array is made up by 14 polycrystalline silicon panels
rated at 210 Wp.
The panel surface area as such is 185,2 m2. All panels are
installed at a 30 degree tilt angle, facing south.
The plant employs three inverters, one per three arrays (42
panels).
Malta
Results obtained: This photovoltaic system generates nearly 47.000 kWh per year, covering 71 percent of Titan International Ltd.’s electrical needs.
50
Contact: Titan International Ltd.,
‘The Lyric’ Antonio Bosio Str., Msida MSD 1342 Malta
Website: www.titan.com.mt
4
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS SYSTEM AT THE MINISTRY FOR RESOURCES
AND RURAL AFFAIRS (MRRA)
Floriana - Malta
Location: Ministry for Resources and Rural Affairs (MRRA),
Block B, Floriana, Malta
Owner: Ministry for Resources and Rural Affairs (MRRA)
Installation Date: April 2006
Annual Electricity Output: 2.200 kWh/year (six-year average)
CO2 emissions avoided: 2,18 tonnes/year (average)
Description: This building with a floor space of some
1.500 m2 accommodates the offices of the Minister and
Private Secretariat, the Permanent Secretariat, and the EU
Affairs Directorate.
Plant’s technical characteristics: This system consists of
seven polycrystalline silicon panels, each rated at 190 Wp.
The total panel surface area is approximately 10 m 2. The
panels are installed at a tilt angle of 30 degrees, facing
south.
5
nerating approximately 2,35 percent of the electricity consumed in the premises.
The system reduces the electricity bill by some 462 Euros
per year, indicating a straight payback period of 18 years,
as the system was installed before photovoltaic panel costs
had started their steep decline.
Contact: Ministry for Resources and Rural Affairs (MRRA), Block B,
Francesco Buonamici Str., Floriana, FRN 1700. Malta
Telephone Number: +356 22952000
Website: www.mrra.gov.mt
Malta
Results obtained: While similar new systems are advertised to deliver 1.600 kWh per kWp per year in Malta, this
installation delivered over 1.650 kWh per kWp per year on
average during six years of operation, with current output
meeting this average.
The installation is small compared to the building size, ge-
51
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS SYSTEM AT NECTAR GROUP OF COMPANIES
Industrial Zone, Ta’ Qali - Malta
Location: Nectar Group of Companies Ltd.,
Industrial Zone, Ta’Qali
Owner: Nectar Group of Companies Ltd.
Installation Date: November 2011
Annual Electricity Output: 226.000 kWh/year (estimated)
CO2 emissions avoided: 223,7 tonnes/ year (estimated)
Malta
Description: The installation is located on the roof of premises that accommodate offices and temperature-controlled warehouses including three freezer units.
Plant’s technical characteristics: This photovoltaics plant
occupies 1.566 m 2 of roof area and consists of 700 monocrystalline silicon panels, each rated at 215 Wp. The plant
is currently considered the largest Maltese photovoltaic installation and features the unusual panel tilt angle of just
10 degrees, as the owner wished to achieve the largest
possible yield from the available rooftop area.
Results obtained: This photovoltaic system has been operating for less than one year, but will yield an estimated
226.000 kWh of electricity per year. This would cover about
70 percent of the firm’s total electrical needs, reducing the
annual electricity bill by more than 40.000 Euros.
Other connected Energy Efficiency measures and/
or Energy Production: The company had stickers placed
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next to each light switch to remind employees to switch
off lights before leaving a room; Motion sensors have been
installed in the bathrooms to automate lighting operation;
LEDs have been installed in the new offices for lighting
purposes; Shared electronic files are being used to avoid
the printing of files.
Contact: Nectar Group of Companies
Industrial Zone, Ta’Qali, ATD4000. Malta
Website: www.nectar.com.mt
CONCENTRATED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS SYSTEM AT BOV ADVENTURE
PARK, TA’QALI
BOV Adventure Park, Ta’Qali - Malta
Location: BOV Adventure Park, Ta’Qali, Malta
Owner: Ares Ltd.
Installation Date: November 2009
Potenza Elettrica Impianto: 8,4 kWp
this kind exhibit less degradation compared silicon panels.
More than 95 percent of the components are manufactured
of aluminium and glass.
Results obtained: The system produced 13.240 kWh of
electricity in the 12-months period starting July 2011,
avoiding some 13,1 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per
year. (This omits the small electricity inputs for the tracking system.)
The output of 1.576 kWh per kWp per year is similar to ordinary, non-tracked polycrystalline PV installations in Malta
and thus below expectations.
However, at some 2,7 m2 of panel area per kWp the space
requirements are substantially lower than for ordinary PV
installations, while the cost is significantly higher. In fact,
the total quoted cost of this installation is 70.000 Euros..
Contact: Ares Ltd., Box 22, Portomaso Business Tower, Portomaso,
St. Julians STJ 4013 Malta
Telephone Number: +356 23102408
Malta
Description: This Concentrated Solar Photovoltaics system
made by Solfocus is located at the Ta’Qali recreational area
that comprises parks, a football stadium and a playground
with various fountains. This environment has no particular
relevance for the installation, but the electricity produced
is used to help running the BOV Adventure Park’s pumps,
or is alternatively fed into the grid. The system was installed as a pilot plant to gain experience with respect to the
potential installation of larger-scale concentrated solar PV
plants.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The installation employs a dual-axis tracking system and has a capacity of 8,4
kWp. There is a total of 560 units of 15 Wp arranged on a
large plane, each consisting of a Cassegrain reflector that
combines a primary concave mirror and a secondary convex mirror to concentrate sunlight 650 times onto a 1 cm 2
triple-junction PV cell of high efficiency. Installations of
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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SYSTEM AT BAXTER LTD.
Marsa - Malta
Location: Baxter Ltd., Industrial Estate, Marsa, Malta
Owner: Baxter Ltd. (50% grant by ERDF Funds, Malta Enterprise)
Number of boreholes / Boreholes Diameter: 22/Ø: 150 mm
Borehole depth / Depth to Aquifer: 150m/30m
Number of pipes per borehole / Pipe Diameter: 4/Ø: 50mm
System classification / Heat Transfer fluid: Cooling (Closed loop)
/ Water
Total Thermal Energy transfer of the system: 165 kW (7,5W
x 22)
Malta
Description: Baxter Ltd., a firm specialized in healthcare
products, uses state-of-art energy-efficient water chillers to
cool the cleanroom areas and the production processes. These chillers use microturbines to circulate the refrigerant. The
Coefficient-of-Performance (COP) of a chiller is directly proportional to the efficiency of its condenser. During winter months
the cooling tower provides water at a low enough temperature
to the condenser to maintain the chiller’s high COP, but in
the summer high incidence of elevated Relative Humidity (RH)
results in the wet-bulb temperature to approach the dry-bulb
(ambient) temperature, which drastically reduces the chiller’s
COP.
As the cooling tower can only cool the water to about 20 °C
above the wet-bulb temperature, a geothermal system was installed to further cool the water in an energy-efficient manner
from May to October.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The installation features
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22 boreholes, each containing four pipes of two independent
loops that are fastened together at the bottom of the probe.
The geothermal circuit provides a second step in the cooling
process.
In the first step, warm water from the condenser is flowing to
the cooling tower, from where it is circulated through the geothermal circuit for further cooling. After exiting the geothermal circuit, the cold water is passed through the condenser,
thus improving the chiller’s COP.
Results obtained: The geothermal system provides 84.184
kWh worth of annual electricity savings, cutting the previous
bill by over 13.000 Euros, and thus recovering the costs occurred to set up the installation within seven years.
Contact: Baxter Ltd.
A47, Industrial Estate, Marsa MRS3000. Malta
SANT’ANTNIN WASTE TREATMENT PLANT AT WASTESERV MALTA LTD.
Marsaskala - Malta
Location: WasteServ Malta Ltd., Triq Wied iz-Ziju, Marsaskala
Owner: WasteServ Malta Ltd. (70% EU Cohesion Fund (2004-2006) and 30% local
funds)
Installation Date: MRF: February 2008, MBT: November 2010
Materials Recovery Facilities (MRF): 17.390 tonnes processed per year (average)
Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT): 43.806 tonnes processed per year
(2011)
Annual Biogas output (MBT plant): ca 380.000 Nm3 per year (2011)
Annual Thermal Energy Output (MBT plant): 1,39 GWh/yr (2011)
Annual Electrical Energy Output (MBT plant): 1,55 GWh/yr (2011)
CO2 emissions avoided: 1.997 tonnes/year
landscaping or rehabilitation of landfills, for instance.
The buildings at this site employ negative pressure to avoid
the escape of air that can actually be extracted for treatment in Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers (RTO).
Results obtained: According to the figures provided above,
this facility is contributing significantly to the avoidance of
waste that would otherwise be landfilled, while generating
both electrical and thermal energy.
Other connected Energy Efficiency measures and/or
Energy Production: WasteServ Malta Ltd. is currently working on the installation of photovoltaic systems as well as
further plants that will generate energy from waste. Energy
from landfill gas is being generated at Magħtab.
Contact: WasteServ Malta Ltd.
EkoCentre, Latmija Road, Marsaskala MSK 4613. Malta
Website: www.wasteservmalta.com/facilities.aspx?id=120
Malta
Description: The plant occupies open industrial terrain relatively close to the urban areas of Marsaskala and Żejtun.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The Sant’Antnin Waste
Treatment plant consists of the Materials Recovery Facility
(MRF) with a maximum capacity of 36.000 tonnes per annum and the Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) Plant
with a maximum capacity of 36.000 tonnes per annum of
organic waste from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).
The Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) sorts and processes
recyclables collected through bring-in sites, the Recycle
Tuesdays initiative, and other at-source segregation initiatives. Materials sorted in this part of the plant are baled,
stored and sold for recycling.
The Mechanical Treatment Plant (MTP) sorts Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with an automated separation of organic
or biodegradable waste. The other principal fractions are:
metals, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), and rejects to landfill.
The RDF can neither be recycled nor digested: this type of
waste has a high energy content and is currently packed in
large bales and stored for treatment in a future waste-toenergy plant.
The separated organic and biodegradable waste is treated
in anaerobic digesters, i.e. it is fermented in closed vessels,
with the resulting biogas being used to produce electricity.
The stabilized biowaste is being dewatered and used for
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SEA-WATER AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM AT FORT CAMBRIDGE
DEVELOPMENT RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX
Fort Cambridge Development Residential Complex, Tigne, Sliema - Malta
Location: Fort Cambridge Development Residential Complex,
Tigne, Sliema, Malta
Owner: Gap Developments P.L.C.
Expected Final Installation Date: December 2012
Number of boreholes / boreholes diameter/ boreholes depth:
4 / Ø: 16’’ / 58 m
Sea-water Circuit System Classification: Open loop
Overall Heat Exchangers Capacity: 7.355 kW
Annual Electrical Energy Saving: 251 MWh (estimated)
CO2 emissions avoided: 248 tonnes/year (estimated)
Malta
Description: The installation is located close to the seafront
in an apartment complex of 345 flats that includes indoor and
outdoor swimming pools. The rock underneath this complex is
porous enough for seawater to seep into it at a sufficient rate.
Plant’s technical characteristics: The system features two
loops that meet at heat exchangers. The open sea-water loop
employs four submersible bore-hole pumps that, in the warm
season, deliver cool sea water to 16 plate heat exchangers from
where the warmed sea water is returned to the sea, discharged
above sea level. The closed internal fresh-water loop, powered
by 16 pumps, delivers heat extracted from the apartments to
the heat exchangers, with each apartment featuring its own
water-cooled outdoor condensing unit (connected to indoor
refrigerant-cooled, fan-coil units). With underground sea-water
maintaining a temperature of about 20°C all year around, these outdoor units will also be assisted in heating mode during
the cool season, as warmer-than-air water is delivered to them
through the closed loop. During mild weather conditions prevalent in Malta for some 40 percent of the year, the internal,
closed loop will transfer heat extracted from apartments reque-
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sting cooling to premises requesting heating.
Results obtained: The Coefficient-Of-Performance (COP) of water-cooled air-conditioning units is about a fifth higher compared to standard air-cooled units. Notably, the outdoor units can
be placed closer to internal units, which improves the efficiency
and thus saves additional electricity. The amount of required
refrigerant gas that is harmful to the environment is also immensely reduced. Meanwhile, auxiliary equipment, principally
the pumps, consumes energy. Based exclusively on a comparison of the more efficient water-cooled units to conventional
air-cooled air-conditioning units as such, the annual electricity savings for all apartments has been estimated at roughly
251 MWh, depending on various assumptions including average
daily usage time.
Other connected Energy Efficiency measures and/or Energy
Production: Energy-efficient lighting systems including photocell-controlled external lighting have been installed. Indoor
pool water-heating and air-conditioning is supported by the
sea-water system.
Contact: Gap Developments P.L.C., Gap Holdings Head Office,
Censu Scerri Street, Tigne, Sliema SLM 3060 Malta
Website: www.fortcambridge.com

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